advanced vocabulary words to use in an essay

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30 Advanced Essay Words to Improve Your Grades

• Posted by by Cameron Smith
• 11 months ago
• Updated 3 weeks ago

In this guide, you’ll find 30 advanced essay words to use in academic writing. Advanced English words are great for making academic writing more impressive and persuasive, which has the potential to wow teachers and professors, and even improve your grades.

30 Advanced Essay Words

• Definition: Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
• Example: The smartphone has become ubiquitous in modern society.
• Replaces: Common, widespread, prevalent.
• Definition: Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.
• Example: Her eloquent speech captivated the audience.
• Replaces: Well-spoken, articulate.
• Definition: To make less severe, serious, or painful.
• Example: Planting more trees can help mitigate the effects of climate change.
• Replaces: Alleviate, lessen, reduce.
• Definition: In contrast or opposite to what was previously mentioned.
• Example: Some believe in climate change; conversely, others deny its existence.
• Replaces: On the other hand, in opposition.
• Definition: Stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so.
• Example: His ostensible reason for the delay was a traffic jam.
• Replaces: Apparent, seeming, supposed.
• Definition: A countless or extremely great number.
• Example: The internet offers a myriad of resources for research.
• Replaces: Countless, numerous.
• Definition: Exceeding what is necessary or required.
• Example: His lengthy introduction was filled with superfluous details.
• Replaces: Excessive, redundant.
• Definition: To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.
• Example: The economic crisis precipitated widespread unemployment.
• Replaces: Trigger, prompt.
• Definition: Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.
• Example: The beauty of the sunset over the ocean was ineffable.
• Replaces: Indescribable, inexpressible.
• Definition: Having knowledge or awareness of something.
• Example: She was cognizant of the risks involved in the project.
• Replaces: Aware, conscious.
• Definition: Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
• Example: Please provide only pertinent information in your report.
• Replaces: Relevant, related.
• Definition: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
• Example: The researcher conducted a meticulous analysis of the data.
• Replaces: Thorough, careful.
• Definition: Capable of producing the desired result or effect.
• Example: The medication has proved to be efficacious in treating the disease.
• Replaces: Effective, successful.
• Definition: Mentioned earlier in the text or conversation.
• Example: The aforementioned study provides valuable insights.
• Replaces: Previously mentioned, previously discussed.
• Definition: To make a problem, situation, or condition worse.
• Example: His criticism only served to exacerbate the conflict.
• Replaces: Worsen, intensify.
• Definition: The state or capacity of being everywhere, especially at the same time.
• Example: The ubiquity of social media has changed how we communicate.
• Replaces: Omnipresence, pervasiveness.
• Definition: In every case or on every occasion; always.
• Example: The professor’s lectures are invariably informative.
• Replaces: Always, consistently.
• Definition: To be a perfect example or representation of something.
• Example: The city’s skyline epitomizes modern architecture.
• Replaces: Symbolize, represent.
• Definition: A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
• Example: The cacophony of car horns during rush hour was deafening.
• Replaces: Discord, noise.
• Definition: A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important to gain advantage.
• Example: He surrounded himself with sycophants who praised his every move.
• Replaces: Flatterer, yes-man.
• Definition: To render unclear, obscure, or unintelligible.
• Example: The politician attempted to obfuscate the details of the scandal.
• Replaces: Confuse, obscure.
• Definition: Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
• Example: Her sagacious advice guided the team to success.
• Replaces: Wise, insightful.
• Definition: Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
• Example: His repeated explanations were redundant and added no value.
• Replaces: Unnecessary, surplus.
• Definition: Unwilling or refusing to change one’s views or to agree about something.
• Example: The intransigent negotiators couldn’t reach a compromise.
• Replaces: Unyielding, stubborn.
• Definition: Characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.
• Example: The mansion’s ostentatious decorations were overwhelming.
• Replaces: Showy, extravagant.
• Definition: A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition.
• Example: She had a proclivity for taking risks in her business ventures.
• Replaces: Tendency, inclination.
• Definition: Difficult to interpret or understand; mysterious.
• Example: The artist’s enigmatic paintings left viewers puzzled.
• Replaces: Mysterious, cryptic.
• Definition: Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
• Example: The pernicious influence of gossip can damage reputations.
• Replaces: Harmful, destructive.
• Definition: Shining with great brightness.
• Example: The bride looked resplendent in her wedding gown.
• Replaces: Radiant, splendid.
• Definition: Optimistic, especially in a difficult or challenging situation.
• Example: Despite the setbacks, he remained sanguine.
• Replaces: Optimistic, hopeful.

Using these advanced words in your essays can elevate your writing, making it more precise, engaging, and impactful.

As you work on your essays, consider the nuanced meanings and applications of these advanced words, and use them judiciously to enhance the quality of your academic writing.

Cameron Smith

Cameron Smith is an English Communication Coach based in Vancouver, Canada. He's the founder of Learn English Every Day, and he's on a mission to help millions of people speak English with confidence. If you want longer video content, please follow me on YouTube for fun English lessons and helpful learning resources!

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115 Advanced English Words (Advanced Vocabulary List)

Learning vocabulary is my hobby. It’s amazing how many meanings the word has, where it comes from, and what it represents in a cultural context . The more words you know, the more things and experiences you can name, which helps a lot if you want to become a writer.

“I have hated words and I have loved them, and I hope I have made them right.”― Markus Zusak

115 Advanced Words in English

1. construe (verb).

Example: From her arguments, I construe she wants to turn the world into a place of chaos.

2. Peruse (verb)

3. condone (verb).

a) accept (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive). b) approve or sanction (something), especially with reluctance.

Example: For the last time, she condoned their egregious mistake.

4. Latent (adjective)

5. acrimonious (adjective).

Example: She rejected his offer with an acrimonious sneer.

6. Indubitable (adjective)

7. propitious (adjective), 8. tremulous (adjective), 9. masquerade (noun/verb).

Example: The whole grand reception was a masquerade.

10. Salient (adjective)

Example: The nose was the most salient feature of his face .

11. Embroil (verb)

Example: She was embroiled in the scheme and there was no way out.

12. Languish (verb)

13. aspersion (noun).

Example: They hurled aspersions as she came along.

14. Sedulous (adjective)

Example: He was the most sedulous worker we ever had.

15. Pertinacious (adjective)

16. encumber (verb).

restrict or impede (someone or something) in such a way that free action or movement is difficult.

17. Effusion (noun)

18. waffle (verb).

Example: Stop waffling about it or I’ll pull your tongue out!

19. Intrepid (adjective)

20. mores (noun), 21. disheveled (adjective).

untidy, disarranged

22. Sumptuous (adjective)

23. reciprocate (verb).

Example: The Moroccan trader gave him some tea, so he felt he had to reciprocate by buying something.

24. Infallible (adjective)

25. dissident (noun/adjective), 26. dispatch (verb/noun), 27. intransigence (noun), 28. pastoral (adjective/noun).

Example: The light pastoral depicted children strolling through meadows among the cattle.

29. Concede (verb)

30. manifold (adjective), 31. punitive (adjective).

inflicting or intended as punishment.

32. Nonplus (noun/verb)

33. salacious (adjective).

Example: The salacious dog had to be restrained.

34. Behoove (verb)

35. vulpine (adjective), 36. premise (noun).

a) a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.

37. Demise (noun)

38. megalomania (noun).

Example: Megalomania was the worst, among his many negative qualities.

39. Asinine (adjective)

40. surfeit (noun/verb), 41. reputable (adjective).

Example: I’ll give you a recommendation for a reputable psychologist.

42. Oblique (adjective)

43. jeopardize (verb).

Example: By divulging secret information, he jeopardized the whole operation.

44. Impudence (noun)

45. desolate (adjective/verb), 46. ballast (noun/verb).

a) heavy material, such as gravel, sand, or iron, placed in the bilge of a ship to ensure its stability. b) give stability to (a ship) by putting a heavy substance in its bilge.

47. Disperse (verb/adjective)

48. faze (verb).

Example: He wasn’t fazed by their threats.

49. Compunction (noun)

50. complacency (noun), 51. caliber (noun).

a) the quality of someone’s character or the level of their ability. b) the internal diameter or bore of a gun barrel.

52. Entreat (verb)

53. dissection (noun).

Example: He dissected the paragraph with such precision that even the distinguished professors were amazed.

54. Antiquated (adjective)

55. anguish (noun/verb), 56. effeminate (adjective).

(of a man) having characteristics regarded as typical of a woman; unmanly.

57. Enmity (noun)

58. epoch (noun).

Example: It was in the epoch of Socrates and Plato that ideas of the afterlife first took hold over the European psyche.

59. Intrinsic (adjective)

60. quotidian (adjective), 61. hazardous (adjective).

risky; dangerous.

62. Peregrination (noun)

63. attenuate (verb).

Example: Medical cannabis attenuated the pain of the cancer patient.

64. Unravel (verb)

65. behemoth (noun), 66. impeccable (adjective).

by the highest standards; faultless.

67. Jaded (adjective)

68. figurative (adjective).

Example: He was a master of pithy, figurative expressions.

69. Relic (noun)

70. wreak (verb), 71. utopia (noun).

an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect.

72. Vegetate (verb)

73. infringe (verb).

Example: He infringed on their agreement by opting out just after twenty days into the contract.

74. Subtlety (noun)

75. epitaph (noun), 76. grisly (adjective).

causing horror or disgust.

77. Libido (noun)

78. epitome (noun).

Example: The president was an epitome of imbecility.

79. Topple (verb)

80. morose (adjective), 81. impalpable (adjective).

a) unable to be felt by touch. b) not easily comprehended.

82. Gratuitous (adjective)

83. opaque (adjective).

Example: He couldn’t see anything through the opaque glass of the jail cell.

84. Postmortem (noun)

85. eclectic (adjective/noun), 86. delve (verb).

reach inside a receptacle and search for something.

87. Studious (adjective)

88. impel (verb).

Example: He impelled the soldiers to face the enemy.

89. Mannered (adjective)

90. peevish (adjective), 91. stickler (noun).

a person who insists on a certain quality or type of behavior

92. Adulterate (verb)

93. deplete (verb).

Example: All our resources are being depleted.

94. Nadir (noun)

95. prelude (noun), 96. curtail (verb).

reduce in extent or quantity; restrict on.

97. Tacit (adjective)

98. abstruse (adjective).

Example: His philosophy was abstruse.

99. Placate (verb)

100. fathomless (adjective), 101. iconoclastic (adjective).

criticizing or attacking cherished beliefs or institutions.

102. Antithesis (noun)

103. magniloquent (adjective).

Example: His magniloquent speech didn’t impress anyone.

104. Deference (noun)

105. unwitting (adjective), 106. mutinous (adjective).

Example: The mutinous sailors threw the captain over the board.

107. Craven (adjective/noun)

108. luminary (noun), 109. homage (noun).

special honor or respect that is shown publicly.

110. Cupidity (noun)

111. syllogism (noun), 112. facetious (adjective).

treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant.

113. Martinet (noun)

114. irksome (adjective), 115. defalcate (verb).

embezzle (funds with which one has been entrusted).

This is a part of the language and vocabulary series, which includes:

Parting words, rafal reyzer.

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• 40 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays

To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered.

Developing the language skills to build an argument and to write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of how to utilise them.

It’s by no means an exhaustive list, and there will often be other ways of using the words and phrases we describe that we won’t have room to include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills.

If you’re interested in developing your language and persuasive skills, Oxford Royale offers summer courses at its Oxford Summer School , Cambridge Summer School , London Summer School , San Francisco Summer School and Yale Summer School . You can study courses to learn english , prepare for careers in law , medicine , business , engineering and leadership.

General explaining

Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.

1. In order to

Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

2. In other words

Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”

3. To put it another way

Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance. Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.”

4. That is to say

Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

5. To that end

Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”

Adding additional information to support a point

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.

6. Moreover

Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making. Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”

7. Furthermore

Usage:This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information. Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

8. What’s more

Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

9. Likewise

Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned. Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”

10. Similarly

Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”. Example: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”

11. Another key thing to remember

Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

12. As well as

Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”. Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

13. Not only… but also

Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.”

14. Coupled with

Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other. Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.

16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.

17. However

Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”

18. On the other hand

Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”

19. Having said that

Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.”

20. By contrast/in comparison

Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence. Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

21. Then again

Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion. Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”

22. That said

Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”

Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea. Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”

Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations

Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.

24. Despite this

Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence. Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”

25. With this in mind

Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of something else. Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”

26. Provided that

Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to mean the same thing. Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”

27. In view of/in light of

Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else. Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”

28. Nonetheless

Usage: This is similar to “despite this”. Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”

29. Nevertheless

Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”. Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”

30. Notwithstanding

Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”

Giving examples

Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing.

31. For instance

Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”

32. To give an illustration

Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”

Signifying importance

When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several ways of highlighting it as such.

33. Significantly

Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”

34. Notably

Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these ways of using it). Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”

35. Importantly

Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”

Summarising

You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Here are some words and phrases to help you.

36. In conclusion

Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview. Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”

37. Above all

Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”

38. Persuasive

Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain – seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.”

39. Compelling

Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above. Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”

40. All things considered

Usage: This means “taking everything into account”. Example: “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…”

How many of these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of your favourite essay terms missing from our list? Let us know in the comments below, or get in touch here to find out more about courses that can help you with your essays.

At Oxford Royale Academy, we offer a number of  summer school courses for young people who are keen to improve their essay writing skills. Click here to apply for one of our courses today, including law , business , medicine  and engineering .

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Words to Use in an Essay: 300 Essay Words

By Hannah Yang

Table of Contents

Words to use in the essay introduction, words to use in the body of the essay, words to use in your essay conclusion, how to improve your essay writing vocabulary.

It’s not easy to write an academic essay .

Many students struggle to word their arguments in a logical and concise way.

To make matters worse, academic essays need to adhere to a certain level of formality, so we can’t always use the same word choices in essay writing that we would use in daily life.

If you’re struggling to choose the right words for your essay, don’t worry—you’ve come to the right place!

In this article, we’ve compiled a list of over 300 words and phrases to use in the introduction, body, and conclusion of your essay.

The introduction is one of the hardest parts of an essay to write.

You have only one chance to make a first impression, and you want to hook your reader. If the introduction isn’t effective, the reader might not even bother to read the rest of the essay.

That’s why it’s important to be thoughtful and deliberate with the words you choose at the beginning of your essay.

Many students use a quote in the introductory paragraph to establish credibility and set the tone for the rest of the essay.

When you’re referencing another author or speaker, try using some of these phrases:

To use the words of X

According to X

As X states

Example: To use the words of Hillary Clinton, “You cannot have maternal health without reproductive health.”

Near the end of the introduction, you should state the thesis to explain the central point of your paper.

If you’re not sure how to introduce your thesis, try using some of these phrases:

In this essay, I will…

The purpose of this essay…

This essay discusses…

In this paper, I put forward the claim that…

There are three main arguments for…

Example: In this essay, I will explain why dress codes in public schools are detrimental to students.

After you’ve stated your thesis, it’s time to start presenting the arguments you’ll use to back up that central idea.

When you’re introducing the first of a series of arguments, you can use the following words:

First and foremost

First of all

To begin with

Example: First , consider the effects that this new social security policy would have on low-income taxpayers.

All these words and phrases will help you create a more successful introduction and convince your audience to read on.

The body of your essay is where you’ll explain your core arguments and present your evidence.

It’s important to choose words and phrases for the body of your essay that will help the reader understand your position and convince them you’ve done your research.

Let’s look at some different types of words and phrases that you can use in the body of your essay, as well as some examples of what these words look like in a sentence.

Transition Words and Phrases

Transitioning from one argument to another is crucial for a good essay.

It’s important to guide your reader from one idea to the next so they don’t get lost or feel like you’re jumping around at random.

Transition phrases and linking words show your reader you’re about to move from one argument to the next, smoothing out their reading experience. They also make your writing look more professional.

The simplest transition involves moving from one idea to a separate one that supports the same overall argument. Try using these phrases when you want to introduce a second correlating idea:

Additionally

In addition

Furthermore

Another key thing to remember

In the same way

Correspondingly

Example: Additionally , public parks increase property value because home buyers prefer houses that are located close to green, open spaces.

Another type of transition involves restating. It’s often useful to restate complex ideas in simpler terms to help the reader digest them. When you’re restating an idea, you can use the following words:

In other words

To put it another way

That is to say

To put it more simply

Example: “The research showed that 53% of students surveyed expressed a mild or strong preference for more on-campus housing. In other words , over half the students wanted more dormitory options.”

Often, you’ll need to provide examples to illustrate your point more clearly for the reader. When you’re about to give an example of something you just said, you can use the following words:

For instance

To give an illustration of

To exemplify

To demonstrate

As evidence

Example: Humans have long tried to exert control over our natural environment. For instance , engineers reversed the Chicago River in 1900, causing it to permanently flow backward.

Sometimes, you’ll need to explain the impact or consequence of something you’ve just said.

When you’re drawing a conclusion from evidence you’ve presented, try using the following words:

As a result

Accordingly

As you can see

This suggests that

It follows that

It can be seen that

For this reason

For all of those reasons

Consequently

Example: “There wasn’t enough government funding to support the rest of the physics experiment. Thus , the team was forced to shut down their experiment in 1996.”

When introducing an idea that bolsters one you’ve already stated, or adds another important aspect to that same argument, you can use the following words:

What’s more

Not only…but also

Not to mention

To say nothing of

Another key point

Example: The volcanic eruption disrupted hundreds of thousands of people. Moreover , it impacted the local flora and fauna as well, causing nearly a hundred species to go extinct.

Often, you'll want to present two sides of the same argument. When you need to compare and contrast ideas, you can use the following words:

On the one hand / on the other hand

Alternatively

In contrast to

On the contrary

By contrast

In comparison

Example: On the one hand , the Black Death was undoubtedly a tragedy because it killed millions of Europeans. On the other hand , it created better living conditions for the peasants who survived.

Finally, when you’re introducing a new angle that contradicts your previous idea, you can use the following phrases:

Having said that

Differing from

In spite of

With this in mind

Provided that

Nevertheless

Nonetheless

Notwithstanding

Example: Shakespearean plays are classic works of literature that have stood the test of time. Having said that , I would argue that Shakespeare isn’t the most accessible form of literature to teach students in the twenty-first century.

Good essays include multiple types of logic. You can use a combination of the transitions above to create a strong, clear structure throughout the body of your essay.

Strong Verbs for Academic Writing

Verbs are especially important for writing clear essays. Often, you can convey a nuanced meaning simply by choosing the right verb.

You should use strong verbs that are precise and dynamic. Whenever possible, you should use an unambiguous verb, rather than a generic verb.

For example, alter and fluctuate are stronger verbs than change , because they give the reader more descriptive detail.

Here are some useful verbs that will help make your essay shine.

Verbs that show change:

Accommodate

Verbs that relate to causing or impacting something:

Verbs that show increase:

Verbs that show decrease:

Deteriorate

Verbs that relate to parts of a whole:

Comprises of

Is composed of

Constitutes

Encompasses

Incorporates

Verbs that show a negative stance:

Misconstrue

Verbs that show a positive stance:

Substantiate

Verbs that relate to drawing conclusions from evidence:

Corroborate

Demonstrate

Verbs that relate to thinking and analysis:

Contemplate

Hypothesize

Investigate

Verbs that relate to showing information in a visual format:

Useful Adjectives and Adverbs for Academic Essays

You should use adjectives and adverbs more sparingly than verbs when writing essays, since they sometimes add unnecessary fluff to sentences.

However, choosing the right adjectives and adverbs can help add detail and sophistication to your essay.

Sometimes you'll need to use an adjective to show that a finding or argument is useful and should be taken seriously. Here are some adjectives that create positive emphasis:

Significant

Other times, you'll need to use an adjective to show that a finding or argument is harmful or ineffective. Here are some adjectives that create a negative emphasis:

Controversial

Insignificant

Questionable

Unnecessary

Unrealistic

Finally, you might need to use an adverb to lend nuance to a sentence, or to express a specific degree of certainty. Here are some examples of adverbs that are often used in essays:

Comprehensively

Exhaustively

Extensively

Respectively

Surprisingly

Using these words will help you successfully convey the key points you want to express. Once you’ve nailed the body of your essay, it’s time to move on to the conclusion.

The conclusion of your paper is important for synthesizing the arguments you’ve laid out and restating your thesis.

In your concluding paragraph, try using some of these essay words:

In conclusion

To summarize

In a nutshell

Given the above

As described

All things considered

Example: In conclusion , it’s imperative that we take action to address climate change before we lose our coral reefs forever.

In addition to simply summarizing the key points from the body of your essay, you should also add some final takeaways. Give the reader your final opinion and a bit of a food for thought.

To place emphasis on a certain point or a key fact, use these essay words:

Unquestionably

Undoubtedly

Particularly

Importantly

Conclusively

It should be noted

On the whole

Example: Ada Lovelace is unquestionably a powerful role model for young girls around the world, and more of our public school curricula should include her as a historical figure.

These concluding phrases will help you finish writing your essay in a strong, confident way.

There are many useful essay words out there that we didn't include in this article, because they are specific to certain topics.

If you're writing about biology, for example, you will need to use different terminology than if you're writing about literature.

So how do you improve your vocabulary skills?

The vocabulary you use in your academic writing is a toolkit you can build up over time, as long as you take the time to learn new words.

One way to increase your vocabulary is by looking up words you don’t know when you’re reading.

Try reading more books and academic articles in the field you’re writing about and jotting down all the new words you find. You can use these words to bolster your own essays.

You can also consult a dictionary or a thesaurus. When you’re using a word you’re not confident about, researching its meaning and common synonyms can help you make sure it belongs in your essay.

Don't be afraid of using simpler words. Good essay writing boils down to choosing the best word to convey what you need to say, not the fanciest word possible.

Finally, you can use ProWritingAid’s synonym tool or essay checker to find more precise and sophisticated vocabulary. Click on weak words in your essay to find stronger alternatives.

There you have it: our compilation of the best words and phrases to use in your next essay . Good luck!

Good writing = better grades

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Hannah Yang

Hannah Yang is a speculative fiction writer who writes about all things strange and surreal. Her work has appeared in Analog Science Fiction, Apex Magazine, The Dark, and elsewhere, and two of her stories have been finalists for the Locus Award. Her favorite hobbies include watercolor painting, playing guitar, and rock climbing. You can follow her work on hannahyang.com, or subscribe to her newsletter for publication updates.

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Words To Use In Essays: Amplifying Your Academic Writing

Use this comprehensive list of words to use in essays to elevate your writing. Make an impression and score higher grades with this guide!

Words play a fundamental role in the domain of essay writing, as they have the power to shape ideas, influence readers, and convey messages with precision and impact. Choosing the right words to use in essays is not merely a matter of filling pages, but rather a deliberate process aimed at enhancing the quality of the writing and effectively communicating complex ideas. In this article, we will explore the importance of selecting appropriate words for essays and provide valuable insights into the types of words that can elevate the essay to new heights.

Words To Use In Essays

Using a wide range of words can make your essay stronger and more impressive. With the incorporation of carefully chosen words that communicate complex ideas with precision and eloquence, the writer can elevate the quality of their essay and captivate readers.

This list serves as an introduction to a range of impactful words that can be integrated into writing, enabling the writer to express thoughts with depth and clarity.

Significantly

Furthermore

Nonetheless

Nevertheless

Consequently

Accordingly

Subsequently

In contrast

Alternatively

Implications

Substantially

Transition Words And Phrases

Transition words and phrases are essential linguistic tools that connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs within a text. They work like bridges, facilitating the transitions between different parts of an essay or any other written work. These transitional elements conduct the flow and coherence of the writing, making it easier for readers to follow the author’s train of thought.

Here are some examples of common transition words and phrases:

Furthermore: Additionally; moreover.

However: Nevertheless; on the other hand.

In contrast: On the contrary; conversely.

Therefore: Consequently; as a result.

Similarly: Likewise; in the same way.

Moreover: Furthermore; besides.

In addition: Additionally; also.

Nonetheless: Nevertheless; regardless.

Nevertheless: However; even so.

On the other hand: Conversely; in contrast.

These are just a few examples of the many transition words and phrases available. They help create coherence, improve the organization of ideas, and guide readers through the logical progression of the text. When used effectively, transition words and phrases can significantly guide clarity for writing.

Strong Verbs For Academic Writing

Strong verbs are an essential component of academic writing as they add precision, clarity, and impact to sentences. They convey actions, intentions, and outcomes in a more powerful and concise manner. Here are some examples of strong verbs commonly used in academic writing:

Analyze: Examine in detail to understand the components or structure .

Critique: Assess or evaluate the strengths and weaknesses.

Demonstrate: Show the evidence to support a claim or argument.

Illuminate: Clarify or make something clearer.

Explicate: Explain in detail a thorough interpretation.

Synthesize: Combine or integrate information to create a new understanding.

Propose: Put forward or suggest a theory, idea, or solution.

Refute: Disprove or argue against a claim or viewpoint.

Validate: Confirm or prove the accuracy or validity of something.

Advocate: Support or argue in favor of a particular position or viewpoint.

Adjectives And Adverbs For Academic Essays

Useful adjectives and adverbs are valuable tools in academic writing as they enhance the description, precision, and depth of arguments and analysis. They provide specific details, emphasize key points, and add nuance to writing. Here are some examples of useful adjectives and adverbs commonly used in academic essays:

Comprehensive: Covering all aspects or elements; thorough.

Crucial: Extremely important or essential.

Prominent: Well-known or widely recognized; notable.

Substantial: Considerable in size, extent, or importance.

Valid: Well-founded or logically sound; acceptable or authoritative.

Effectively: In a manner that produces the desired result or outcome.

Significantly: To a considerable extent or degree; notably.

Consequently: As a result or effect of something.

Precisely: Exactly or accurately; with great attention to detail.

Critically: In a careful and analytical manner; with careful evaluation or assessment.

Words To Use In The Essay Introduction

The words used in the essay introduction play a crucial role in capturing the reader’s attention and setting the tone for the rest of the essay. They should be engaging, informative, and persuasive. Here are some examples of words that can be effectively used in the essay introduction:

Intriguing: A word that sparks curiosity and captures the reader’s interest from the beginning.

Compelling: Conveys the idea that the topic is interesting and worth exploring further.

Provocative: Creates a sense of controversy or thought-provoking ideas.

Insightful: Suggests that the essay will produce valuable and thought-provoking insights.

Startling: Indicates that the essay will present surprising or unexpected information or perspectives.

Relevant: Emphasizes the significance of the topic and its connection to broader issues or current events.

Timely: Indicates that the essay addresses a subject of current relevance or importance.

Thoughtful: Implies that the essay will offer well-considered and carefully developed arguments.

Persuasive: Suggests that the essay will present compelling arguments to convince the reader.

Captivating: Indicates that the essay will hold the reader’s attention and be engaging throughout.

Words To Use In The Body Of The Essay

The words used in the body of the essay are essential for effectively conveying ideas, providing evidence, and developing arguments. They should be clear, precise, and demonstrate a strong command of the subject matter. Here are some examples of words that can be used in the body of the essay:

Evidence: When presenting supporting information or data, words such as “data,” “research,” “studies,” “findings,” “examples,” or “statistics” can be used to strengthen arguments.

Analysis: To discuss and interpret the evidence, words like “analyze,” “examine,” “explore,” “interpret,” or “assess” can be employed to demonstrate a critical evaluation of the topic.

Comparison: When drawing comparisons or making contrasts, words like “similarly,” “likewise,” “in contrast,” “on the other hand,” or “conversely” can be used to highlight similarities or differences.

Cause and effect: To explain the relationship between causes and consequences , words such as “because,” “due to,” “leads to,” “results in,” or “causes” can be utilized.

Sequence: When discussing a series of events or steps, words like “first,” “next,” “then,” “finally,” “subsequently,” or “consequently” can be used to indicate the order or progression.

Emphasis: To emphasize a particular point or idea, words such as “notably,” “significantly,” “crucially,” “importantly,” or “remarkably” can be employed.

Clarification: When providing further clarification or elaboration, words like “specifically,” “in other words,” “for instance,” “to illustrate,” or “to clarify” can be used.

Integration: To show the relationship between different ideas or concepts, words such as “moreover,” “furthermore,” “additionally,” “likewise,” or “similarly” can be utilized.

Conclusion: When summarizing or drawing conclusions, words like “in conclusion,” “to summarize,” “overall,” “in summary,” or “to conclude” can be employed to wrap up ideas.

Remember to use these words appropriately and contextually, ensuring they strengthen the coherence and flow of arguments. They should serve as effective transitions and connectors between ideas, enhancing the overall clarity and persuasiveness of the essay.

Words To Use In Essay Conclusion

The words used in the essay conclusion are crucial for effectively summarizing the main points, reinforcing arguments, and leaving a lasting impression on the reader. They should bring a sense of closure to the essay while highlighting the significance of ideas. Here are some examples of words that can be used in the essay conclusion:

Summary: To summarize the main points, these words can be used “in summary,” “to sum up,” “in conclusion,” “to recap,” or “overall.”

Reinforcement: To reinforce arguments and emphasize their importance, words such as “crucial,” “essential,” “significant,” “noteworthy,” or “compelling” can be employed.

Implication: To discuss the broader implications of ideas or findings, words like “consequently,” “therefore,” “thus,” “hence,” or “as a result” can be utilized.

Call to action: If applicable, words that encourage further action or reflection can be used, such as “we must,” “it is essential to,” “let us consider,” or “we should.”

Future perspective: To discuss future possibilities or developments related to the topic, words like “potential,” “future research ,” “emerging trends,” or “further investigation” can be employed.

Reflection: To reflect on the significance or impact of arguments, words such as “profound,” “notable,” “thought-provoking,” “transformative,” or “perspective-shifting” can be used.

Final thought: To leave a lasting impression, words or phrases that summarize the main idea or evoke a sense of thoughtfulness can be used, such as “food for thought,” “in light of this,” “to ponder,” or “to consider.”

How To Improve Essay Writing Vocabulary

Improving essay writing vocabulary is essential for effectively expressing ideas, demonstrating a strong command of the language, and engaging readers. Here are some strategies to enhance the essay writing vocabulary:

• Read extensively: Reading a wide range of materials, such as books, articles, and essays, can give various writing styles, topics, and vocabulary. Pay attention to new words and their usage, and try incorporating them into the writing.
• Use a dictionary and thesaurus:  Look up unfamiliar words in a dictionary to understand their meanings and usage. Additionally, utilize a thesaurus to find synonyms and antonyms to expand word choices and avoid repetition.
• Create a word bank: To create a word bank, read extensively, write down unfamiliar or interesting words, and explore their meanings and usage. Organize them by categories or themes for easy reference, and practice incorporating them into writing to expand the vocabulary.
• Contextualize vocabulary: Simply memorizing new words won’t be sufficient; it’s crucial to understand their proper usage and context . Pay attention to how words are used in different contexts, sentence structures, and rhetorical devices. 

How To Add Additional Information To Support A Point

When writing an essay and wanting to add additional information to support a point, you can use various transitional words and phrases. Here are some examples:

Furthermore: Add more information or evidence to support the previous point.

Additionally: Indicates an additional supporting idea or evidence.

Moreover: Emphasizes the importance or significance of the added information.

In addition: Signals the inclusion of another supporting detail.

Furthermore, it is important to note: Introduces an additional aspect or consideration related to the topic.

Not only that, but also: Highlights an additional point that strengthens the argument.

Equally important: Emphasizes the equal significance of the added information.

Another key point: Introduces another important supporting idea.

It is worth noting: Draws attention to a noteworthy detail that supports the point being made.

Additionally, it is essential to consider: Indicates the need to consider another aspect or perspective.

Using these transitional words and phrases will help you seamlessly integrate additional information into your essay, enhancing the clarity and persuasiveness of your arguments.

Words And Phrases That Demonstrate Contrast

When crafting an essay, it is crucial to effectively showcase contrast, enabling the presentation of opposing ideas or the highlighting of differences between concepts. The adept use of suitable words and phrases allows for the clear communication of contrast, bolstering the strength of arguments. Consider the following examples of commonly employed words and phrases to illustrate the contrast in essays:

However: e.g., “The experiment yielded promising results; however, further analysis is needed to draw conclusive findings.”

On the other hand: e.g., “Some argue for stricter gun control laws, while others, on the other hand, advocate for individual rights to bear arms.”

Conversely: e.g., “While the study suggests a positive correlation between exercise and weight loss, conversely, other research indicates that diet plays a more significant role.”

Nevertheless: e.g., “The data shows a decline in crime rates; nevertheless, public safety remains a concern for many citizens.”

In contrast: e.g., “The economic policies of Country A focus on free-market principles. In contrast, Country B implements more interventionist measures.”

Despite: e.g., “Despite the initial setbacks, the team persevered and ultimately achieved success .”

Although: e.g., “Although the participants had varying levels of experience, they all completed the task successfully.”

While: e.g., “While some argue for stricter regulations, others contend that personal responsibility should prevail.”

Words To Use For Giving Examples

When writing an essay and providing examples to illustrate your points, you can use a variety of words and phrases to introduce those examples. Here are some examples:

For instance: Introduces a specific example to support or illustrate your point.

For example: Give an example to clarify or demonstrate your argument.

Such as: Indicates that you are providing a specific example or examples.

To illustrate: Signals that you are using an example to explain or emphasize your point.

One example is: Introduces a specific instance that exemplifies your argument.

In particular: Highlights a specific example that is especially relevant to your point.

As an illustration: Introduces an example that serves as a visual or concrete representation of your point.

A case in point: Highlights a specific example that serves as evidence or proof of your argument.

To demonstrate: Indicates that you are providing an example to show or prove your point.

To exemplify: Signals that you are using an example to illustrate or clarify your argument.

Using these words and phrases will help you effectively incorporate examples into your essay, making your arguments more persuasive and relatable. Remember to give clear and concise examples that directly support your main points.

Words To Signifying Importance

When writing an essay and wanting to signify the importance of a particular point or idea, you can use various words and phrases to convey this emphasis. Here are some examples:

Crucially: Indicates that the point being made is of critical importance.

Significantly: Highlights the importance or significance of the idea or information.

Importantly: Draws attention to the crucial nature of the point being discussed.

Notably: Emphasizes that the information or idea is particularly worthy of attention.

It is vital to note: Indicates that the point being made is essential and should be acknowledged.

It should be emphasized: Draws attention to the need to give special importance or focus to the point being made.

A key consideration is: Highlight that the particular idea or information is a central aspect of the discussion.

It is critical to recognize: Emphasizes that the understanding or acknowledgment of the point is crucial.

Using these words and phrases will help you convey the importance and significance of specific points or ideas in your essay, ensuring that readers recognize their significance and impact on the overall argument.

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The 50 Best Vocab Words for the ACT Essay

When taking the ACT essay section, students have 45 minutes to write a well-reasoned argumentative essay about a given prompt. The new ACT Essay prompts tend to be about “debate” topics — two sides of an issue are presented, with no obviously “right” side. Oftentimes, these subjects carry implications for broader issues such as freedom or morality. Test-takers are expected to convey some stance on the issue and support their argument with relevant facts and analysis.

In addition to some of the more obvious categories, like grammar and structure, students’ essays are also evaluated on their mastery of the English language. One way to demonstrate such mastery is through the correct usage of advanced vocabulary words. Below are 50 above-average vocabulary words sorted by the contexts in which they could most easily be worked into an ACT essay.

(Key: N = Noun, V= Verb, Adj. = Adjective)

Context 1: Factual Support For ACT Essay

These words can easily be used when stating facts and describing examples to support one’s argument. On ACT essays, common examples are trends or patterns of human behavior, current or past events, and large-scale laws or regulations.

1. Antecedent – a precursor, or preceding event for something – N

2. Bastion – an institution/place/person that strongly maintains particular principles, attitudes, or activities – N

3. Bellwether – something that indicates a trend – N

4. Burgeon – to begin to grow or increase rapidly – V

5. Catalyst – an agent that provokes or triggers change – N

6. Defunct – no longer in existence or functioning – Adj.

7. Entrenched – characterized by something that is firmly established and difficult to change – Adj.

8. Foster – to encourage the development of something – V

9. Galvanize – to shock or excite someone into taking action – V

10. Impetus – something that makes a process or activity happen or happen faster – N

11. Inadvertent – accidental or unintentional – Adj.

12. Incessant – never ending; continuing without pause – Adj.

13. Inflame – to provoke or intensify strong feelings in someone – V

14. Instill – to gradually but firmly establish an idea or attitude into a person’s mind – V

15. Lucrative – having a large reward, monetary or otherwise – Adj.

16. Myriad – countless or extremely large in number – Adj.

17. Precipitate – to cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly – V

18. Proponent – a person who advocates for something – N

19. Resurgence – an increase or revival after a period of limited activity – N

20. Revitalize – to give something new life and vitality – V

21. Ubiquitous – characterized by being everywhere; widespread – Adj.

22. Watershed – an event or period that marks a turning point – N

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Context 2: Analysis

These words can often be used when describing common patterns between examples or casting some form of opinion or judgement.

23. Anomaly  – deviation from the norm – N

24. Automaton – a mindless follower; someone who acts in a mechanical fashion – N

25. Belie – to fail to give a true impression of something – V

26. Cupidity – excessive greed – Adj.

27. Debacle – a powerful failure; a fiasco – N

28. Demagogue – a political leader or person who looks for support by appealing to prejudices instead of using rational arguments – N

29. Deter – to discourage someone from doing something by making them doubt or fear the consequences – V

30. Discredit – to harm the reputation or respect for someone – V

31. Draconian – characterized by strict laws, rules and punishments – Adj.

32. Duplicitous – deliberately deceitful in speech/behavior – Adj.

33. Egregious – conspicuously bad; extremely evil; monstrous and outrageous – Adj.

34. Exacerbate – to make a situation worse – V

35. Ignominious – deserving or causing public disgrace or shame – Adj.

36. Insidious – proceeding in a subtle way but with harmful effects – Adj.

37. Myopic – short-sighted; not considering the long run – Adj.

38. Pernicious – dangerous and harmful – Adj.

39. Renegade – a person who betrays an organization, country, or set of principles – N

40. Stigmatize – to describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or disapproval – V

41. Superfluous – unnecessary – Adj.

42. Venal – corrupt; susceptible to bribery – Adj.

43. Virulent – extremely severe or harmful in its effects – Adj.

44. Zealot – a person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals – N

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C ontext 3: Thesis and Argument

These words are appropriate for taking a stance on controversial topics, placing greater weight on one or the other end of the spectrum, usually touching on abstract concepts, and/or related to human nature or societal issues.

45. Autonomy – independence or self governance; the right to make decisions for oneself – N

46. Conundrum – a difficult problem with no easy solution – N

47. Dichotomy – a division or contrast between two things that are presented as opposites or entirely different – N

48. Disparity – a great difference between things – N

49. Divisive – causing disagreement or hostility between people – Adj.

50. Egalitarian – favoring social equality and equal rights – Adj.

Although it’s true that vocabulary is one of the lesser criteria by which students’ ACT essays are graded, the small boost it may give to a student’s score could be the difference between a good score and a great score. For those who are already confident in their ability to create and support a well-reasoned argument but still want to go the extra mile, having a few general-purpose, impressive-sounding vocabulary words up one’s sleeve is a great way to tack on even more points.

How Does Your ACT Score Impact Your College Chances?

Selective colleges use a metric called the Academic Index (AI) to represent the strength of applicants’ grades and test scores. If your AI is too low, a school may not even review the rest of your application. 

We’ve made it easy to understand the impact of your ACT score by creating a free Admissions Chances Calculator . This calculator will let you know how your score stacks up against other applicants’, and give you tips on improving the rest of your profile, including grades and extracurriculars.

You can also search for schools based on preferences like location, major, cost, and more. Give it a try to get a jumpstart on your college strategy. 

To learn more about the ACT test, check out these CollegeVine posts:

What Is a Good ACT Score?

When Should I Take the SAT or ACT?

13 Tips for ACT Test Day

Which Section of the SAT and ACT Is Most Important?

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60 Advanced English Vocabulary Words To Communicate With Impact

“Without grammar, very little can be conveyed but without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed”. 

Have you ever heard of this? 

It was said in 1972 by a famous British linguist named David Wilkins. And it basically means that we need both grammar and vocabulary to communicate.

But words carry more meaning than grammar. So having a wide vocabulary is really what will allow you to express yourself more effectively.

You may already know that some words are simple (e.g. animals, sad, food) while others are more advanced (fauna, heartbroken, sustenance).

In the next 5 minutes, you’ll not only find out why it’s important to learn more sophisticated words, but you’ll also discover 60 advanced English vocabulary words with examples.

Let’s begin.

Why Is It Helpful To Learn Advanced English Vocabulary?

Imagine you received some great news and you tell one of your friends about it. You might say, “I was so happy to hear the news!” 

Your friend would have no problems understanding what you mean.

But if you’d like to express the idea of “great happiness” with more impact, you could say, “I was elated to hear the news!”

The adjective “elated” can communicate the idea of being very happy more colourfully so you can get your message across with more impact. 

This is just one of the reasons why knowing advanced words can be helpful. 

Here are a few more:

• If you’re able to use advanced English vocabulary, you can get a boost in confidence and self-esteem because you feel more capable of expressing complex thoughts and ideas.
• You can better understand tricky texts and ideas, so you can dive into a wider range of material (magazines, movies, books, etc.)
• You can write with more detail and depth.

Last but not least, if you’re planning to take an English exam such as TOEFL, IELTS, Cambridge C1 Advanced or C2 Proficiency, you might get a higher score if you’re able to use advanced vocabulary well.

So let’s have a look at 60 advanced English vocabulary words that can help you become a more impactful communicator. 

Advanced English Vocabulary Words To Do With Communication

1. to snap .

Definition: to suddenly become unable to control a strong feeling, especially anger

• When she asked me to cancel my trip, I just snapped (= got angry).

2. To Articulate

Definition: to express thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and effectively

• She cannot articulate her feelings very well.

3. To Summarise

Definition: to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form

• I'll just summarise the main points of the argument in a few words.

4. To Exclaim

Definition: to say something suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain

• “It is not fair!”, he exclaimed angrily.

5. To Instruct

Definition: to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way

• He instructed me to leave the meeting.

Definition: words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to understand

• He always speaks in legal jargon.

7. To Plead

Definition: to ask for something in a strong and emotional way

• He was on his knees, pleading for forgiveness.

8. To Condemn

Definition: to say very strongly that you think something is bad, usually for moral reasons

• She publicly condemned the deal.

9. An Inquiry

Definition: an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened

• The police are conducting a murder inquiry.

Advanced English Vocabulary Words To Do With Relationships

10. a broken home.

Definition: a family in which the parents do not now live together

• After years of living in a broken home filled with conflict and emotional turmoil, she finally decided to leave and start a new life.

11. To Click

Definition: to like and understand someone, especially the first time you meet

• I didn't really click with my new boss.

Definition: difficult and not certain to continue or to be successful

• Their marriage was starting to get a bit rocky.

13. To Part

Definition: If two people part, or if one person parts from another, they leave each other.

• He has recently parted from his wife.

14. To Cut Ties With Someone

Definition: to abruptly and permanently end a relationship with someone

• He has cut ties with most of his friends.

15. A Spouse

Definition: A formal way to refer to a husband or wife

• A widow is a woman whose spouse has died.

16. To Bond

Definition: to develop a strong relationship with someone

• They failed to bond with their neighbours.

17. Sibling

Definition: a brother or sister

• I have three siblings: one brother and two sisters.

18. Unmarried

Definition: not married

• My daughter remained unmarried.

19. To Be On Good/Bad Terms With Someone

Definition: to have a good/bad relationship with someone

• They’re not on good terms with their family members.

20. Hospitality

Definition: when people are friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors

• The local people showed great hospitality.

Advanced English Vocabulary For Homes And Buildings

21. infrastructure.

Definition: the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organisation uses in order to work effectively

• The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.

22. A Mansion

Definition: a very large expensive house

• The street is lined with enormous mansions where the rich and famous live.

23. A Semi-Detached House

Definition: A house that has one wall that is joined to another house.

• We live in a semi-detached house.

24. Warehouse

Definition: a large building for storing goods that are going to be sold

• We have several thousand of the books in our warehouse.

25. A Staircase

Definition: a set of stairs and the structure around them

• I have a spiral staircase in my house.

26. A Landmark

Definition: a building that you can easily recognise, especially one that helps you to know where you are

• The Colosseum is a historic landmark.

27. A Complex

Definition: a group of buildings or rooms that are used for a particular purpose

• A complex of buildings collapsed during the earthquake.

Definition: the space under the roof of a house or other building

• Our loft is full of stuff.

29. Reconstruction

Definition: when you build something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

• The classrooms are in need of immediate reconstruction.

30. Premises

Definition: the land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organisation

• The company is moving to new premises.

Advanced English Vocabulary For Personality

31. eccentric.

Definition: behaving in a strange and unusual way

• He's an eccentric professor.

32. Resourceful

Definition: Good at finding ways to solve problems

• When we didn't have much money, we had to be more resourceful.

33. Anti-Social

Definition: An anti-social person does not like being with other people

• I hope they won't think I'm anti-social if I don't go to the party.

34. Cynical

Definition: believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere

• Many people have become cynical about politicians.

35. Trustworthy

Definition: Someone who is trustworthy can be trusted

• He assured me she was completely trustworthy.

Definition: extremely happy and excited

• We were elated at the news.

37. Versatile

Definition: having many different skills

• She's a versatile player.

38. To Irritate

Definition: to annoy someone

• His comments really irritated me.

39. Ruthless

Definition: not caring if you hurt or upset other people when you try to get what you want

• Hitler was a ruthless dictator.

Definition: liking to talk

• I have very chatty friends.

Advanced English Vocabulary For Describing Things

Definition: looking untidy and in bad condition

• They lived in a shabby apartment.

42. Luxurious

Definition: very comfortable and expensive

• They stayed in a luxurious hotel.

43. Defective

Definition: not in good condition or not working correctly

• If the goods are defective you should get a full refund.

44. Monotonous

Definition: If something is monotonous, it is boring because it stays the same.

• He has a monotonous voice.

Definition: If food is bland, it does not have much taste.

• The meal was a bit bland.

46. Noticeable

Definition: Easy to see or be aware of

• There was a noticeable difference in his behaviour after the injury.

47. Staggering

Definition: Very shocking and surprising.

• He earns a staggering amount of money.

48. Fragrant

Definition: With a pleasant smell

• A garden full of wonderfully fragrant flowers.

Definition: rare or not available in large amounts

• Food was becoming scarce.

50. Sensational

Definition: Very exciting or extremely good.

• The movie was sensational.

Advanced English Vocabulary To Do With Actions

51. to stamp.

Definition: to put your foot down on the ground hard and quickly, often to show anger

• “No!” she shouted, stamping her foot.

52. To Sprinkle

Definition: to gently drop small pieces of something over a surface

• Sprinkle the cake with sugar before serving.

Definition: a search for something or someone

• After a long hunt we finally found a house we liked.

54. To Giggle

Definition: to laugh in a nervous or silly way

• She started giggling and couldn't stop.

55. A Glare

Definition: A long, angry look

• She gave me an angry glare.

56. To Wreck

Definition: to destroy or badly damage something

• The explosion wrecked several cars and damaged nearby buildings.

57. To Grin

Definition: to smile a big smile

• He grinned at me from the entrance.

Definition: a long look at someone or something

• He turned his gaze on me.

59. To Grasp

Definition: to take hold of something or someone firmly

• He grasped my hand enthusiastically.

60. An Escape

Definition: when someone succeeds in getting out of a place or a dangerous or bad situation

• He made his escape on the back of a motorbike.

How To Learn Advanced English Vocabulary

So, did you learn any new advanced English vocabulary words from this list?

While studying a list like this might be a great way to start learning advanced English vocabulary, if you really want to expand your vocab you need to learn words in context.

To do that, you can apply the rules of the StoryLearning method and read books in English. This will help you expose yourself to a great number of advanced English words, as well as phrasal verbs in English , English idioms and common English phrases.

Not only that, when reading short stories in English , you’ll see the same words again and again, which will help you memorise and remember them.

And, of course, you’ll have much more fun than studying a list because you’re reading an enjoyable story!

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50 Advanced English Words: Meanings, Usage and Examples

Building a robust and diverse vocabulary is a key aspect of mastering any language, and English is no exception. In this blog post, we’ll explore 50 advanced English words, complete with meanings and example sentences , to help you take your language skills to the next level . Whether you’re a language enthusiast, a student, or a professional looking to refine your communication, these words will add depth and nuance to your expressions.

Table of Contents

50 advanced English words along with their meanings, usage, and example sentences:

• Meaning : Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
• Usage : Technology has become ubiquitous in our daily lives.
• Example : The sound of birds is ubiquitous in the forest.
• Meaning : Lasting for a very short time.
• Usage : The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
• Example : His fame proved to be ephemeral, fading quickly.
• Meaning : A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important to gain an advantage.
• Usage : The king was surrounded by sycophants who told him only what he wanted to hear.
• Example : The employee was a sycophant, always agreeing with the boss, no matter the circumstances.
• Meaning : Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
• Usage : The pernicious effects of smoking on health are well-documented.
• Example : Gossip can exert a pernicious influence on relationships.
• Meaning : Intended for or understood by only a small number of people with special knowledge.
• Usage : The professor’s lecture on quantum physics was esoteric and challenging for the students.
• Example : The artist’s work had an esoteric quality that only true art enthusiasts could appreciate.
• Meaning : Extremely idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.
• Usage : His quixotic quest for perfection often led to disappointment.
• Example : Pursuing a career in acting can be seen as quixotic, given the industry’s uncertainties.
• Meaning : Cheerful and full of energy.
• Usage : Despite facing challenges, she remained ebullient and optimistic.
• Example : The team was ebullient after winning the championship.
• Meaning : A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
• Usage : The cacophony of traffic made it difficult to concentrate.
• Example : The orchestra tuning their instruments created a cacophony before the concert. [advanced English words]

Serendipity

• Meaning : The occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
• Usage : Their meeting was pure serendipity, leading to a lasting friendship.
• Example : The discovery of penicillin was a serendipitous breakthrough in medicine.

Mellifluous

• Meaning : (of a voice or words) Sweet or musical; pleasant to hear.
• Usage : The singer’s mellifluous voice captivated the audience.
• Example : The professor’s lectures were so mellifluous that students looked forward to attending.
• Meaning : Essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison.
• Usage : The committee had to deal with disparate opinions on the issue.
• Example : The two cultures had disparate values and traditions.
• Meaning : Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.
• Usage : The disease had an insidious onset, making it difficult to detect.
• Example : The insidious influence of social media can affect mental health.
• Meaning : Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.
• Usage : The beauty of the sunset was ineffable.
• Example : The experience of standing on the mountain summit was ineffable.
• Meaning : A difficult or precarious situation; a predicament.
• Usage : The political negotiations turned into a diplomatic quagmire.
• Example : Getting involved in the project turned out to be a financial quagmire.

Recalcitrant

• Meaning : Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.
• Usage : The recalcitrant employee refused to follow company policies.
• Example : The teenager was recalcitrant, ignoring parental advice. [advanced English words]

Inefficacious

• Meaning : Not producing the desired effect; ineffective.
• Usage : The treatment proved to be inefficacious in curing the disease.
• Example : His attempts to motivate the team were inefficacious.

Inscrutable

• Meaning : Impossible to understand or interpret.
• Usage : The motives behind his actions were inscrutable.
• Example : Her expression remained inscrutable, revealing nothing.
• Meaning : To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand.
• Usage : The politician’s speech was designed to obfuscate the real issues.
• Example : The complicated language used in the contract seemed to obfuscate its true meaning.
• Meaning : A person who attacks or criticizes established traditions or institutions.
• Usage : The artist was known as an iconoclast, challenging traditional art forms.
• Example : The scientist was an iconoclast in the field, challenging long-held theories.
• Meaning : Lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm; random.
• Usage : The meeting was desultory, with no clear agenda.
• Example : His desultory efforts resulted in a lackluster performance.
• Meaning : Not revealing one’s thoughts or feelings readily.
• Usage : She was reticent about her personal life.
• Example : The normally reticent artist opened up about his creative process.
• Meaning : Producing much fruit or foliage or many offspring; highly productive.
• Usage: The author was prolific, publishing several books in a year.
• Example: The scientist made prolific contributions to the field of genetics. [advanced English words]
• Meaning : To resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender.
• Usage : The general had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy’s terms.
• Example : After hours of negotiation, they decided to capitulate and accept the compromise.
• Meaning : To make something unclear or difficult to understand.
• Example : The orchestra tuning their instruments created a cacophony before the concert.
• Meaning : A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important to gain advantage.
• Usage : Constant agreement with the boss made him seem like a sycophant, always trying to please and gain favor.
• Meaning : Too good or extreme to be expressed or described in words.
• Example : The scientist was an iconoclast in the field, challenging long-held theories. [advanced English words]
• Meaning : (of a voice or words) Sweet or musical sort of; pleasant to hear.
• Meaning : Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual way.
• Example : Gossip can have a pernicious impact on relationships.
• Example : The teenager was recalcitrant, ignoring parental advice.
• Meaning : To cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender.
• Meaning : Refers to the occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
• Example : The discovery of penicillin was a serendipitous breakthrough in medicine. [advanced English words]
• Example : His attempts to motivate the team were inefficacious. [advanced English words]

Also Read: 50 Daily Use English Words: Make Your English Better Communication

100 Words and Phrases to use in an Essay

Thomas Babb

Writing a compelling essay involves much more than simply putting your thoughts on paper. It demands the use of a precise vocabulary that not only enriches your content but also structures it in a way that is both logical and engaging. The right words and phrases can transform your essay from a basic assignment to an insightful and persuasive piece of writing.

This guide introduces you to 100 essential words and phrases recommended by expert English tutors that will help you convey your ideas more effectively. From adding information to expressing contrasts, and from illustrating examples to summarising your points, these carefully selected terms will enhance the clarity and impact of your essays.

Adding Information

When crafting an essay, integrating additional details effectively can enrich the written content and present a well-rounded argument. Here's how you can use each phrase under this category:

1. Furthermore - Use this to add weight to a point already mentioned, providing further evidence without redundancy.

2. Moreover - Similar to "furthermore," it introduces information that not only adds to the argument but enhances it.

3. Similarly - This indicates that the upcoming point shares notable characteristics with the previous one, aiding in drawing parallels.

4. Additionally - Introduces extra information or arguments that augment the current discussion.

5. Also - A simpler form of "additionally" that integrates extra facts smoothly.

6. Likewise - Indicates similarity and supports points by showing how they relate to each other in terms of qualities or actions.

7. In addition - This phrase is useful for contributing additional supportive details in a clear manner.

8. As well as - Functions to include another subject or item into your discussion without diverging from the main topic.

9. Not only... but also - A powerful structure for emphasizing not just one, but two important points, enhancing the depth of the argument.

10. Alongside - Implies that the information being added runs parallel to the already established facts, reinforcing them.

These phrases, when used correctly, help to build a strong, cohesive narrative flow in your essays, guiding the reader through a logical progression of ideas. For more on enhancing your writing with effective information addition, explore resources like Oxford Royale's Essay Writing Tips .

Introducing Examples

Introducing concrete examples is crucial in illustrating and supporting your claims effectively in an essay. Here’s how to use each word or phrase linked to this category:

11. For instance - Introduces a specific example that illuminates a broader point, helping to clarify complex ideas.

12. For example - Functions similarly to "for instance," offering a direct illustration to support or demonstrate a claim.

13. Such as - Prepares the reader for an example that is part of a larger category, typically used to list items or concepts.

14. Like - Introduces comparisons or examples in a casual and relatable manner.

15. Particularly - Highlights an example that is especially relevant to the argument, focusing attention on significant details.

16. In particular - Similar to "particularly," but often used to introduce a standout example that underscores a critical point.

17. Including - Serves to add examples to a list that may already be understood to be part of the topic being discussed.

18. Namely - Specifies and introduces exact and often multiple examples or details directly related to the point.

19. Chiefly - Points to the most important or significant examples or reasons in support of an argument.

20. Mainly - Indicates that the examples provided are the primary ones to consider, focusing on the most relevant instances.

Effective use of these phrases not only clarifies your points but also strengthens your arguments by making abstract concepts tangible. For detailed guidance on how to incorporate examples effectively in your essays, refer to academic resources like Harvard College Writing Center .

Demonstrating Contrast

IB English tutors suggest that Using contrast effectively in your essays can highlight differences that clarify your points or show alternative perspectives. Here’s how to use each phrase to demonstrate contrast:

21. Conversely - Signals a stark contrast to what has just been discussed, often introducing an opposing viewpoint.

22. However - A versatile tool to introduce a contradiction or counterpoint, breaking from the previous line of reasoning.

23. Nevertheless - Indicates persistence of a stated fact or opinion despite the contrasting information that follows.

24. On the other hand - Used to present a different perspective or an alternative to the argument previously mentioned.

25. Although - Begins a sentence where the main clause contrasts with the lesser significant, conditional clause.

26. Even though - Similar to "although," but often emphasizes a stronger degree of contrast between the conflicting elements.

27. But - A simple and direct way to introduce a contradiction to the preceding statement.

28. Yet - Suggests a contrast that is surprising or unexpected based on the previous statements.

29. Instead - Introduces an alternative action or thought in response to what has been previously discussed.

30. Rather - Used to correct or propose a different idea from what was initially stated or understood.

These phrases are essential for essays where comparing and contrasting ideas, arguments, or perspectives is necessary to deepen understanding or enhance the argument’s complexity. To learn more about using contrast in writing, visit educational resources such as Purdue Online Writing Lab .

Showing Cause and Effect

A-Level English tutors point out that effectively indicating cause and effect relationships in your essays helps clarify the reasons things happen and the consequences that follow. Here’s how to use each word or phrase to illustrate these relationships:

31. Consequently - Signals a direct result from the action or situation mentioned, highlighting the effect or outcome.

32. Therefore - Used to introduce a logical conclusion or result that follows from the reasoning presented earlier.

33. Thus - Indicates a conclusion or result that is a natural consequence of the facts previously mentioned.

34. Hence - Similar to "thus," it conveys a consequence that is a logical extension from the argument or data presented.

35. Accordingly - Shows that an action or decision is a logical response to the circumstances or facts discussed.

36. As a result - Directly points out the outcome or effect resulting from a specific cause or set of conditions.

37. This leads to - Introduces a sequence where one event or fact causes another, often used to chain multiple effects.

38. It follows that - Used when deducing a conclusion that logically arises from the preceding argument or evidence.

39. Leading to - Connects an initial action or decision directly with its consequences, highlighting a progression of events.

40. Contributing to - Indicates that the action or event adds to a situation, leading to a particular result or effect.

Mastering the use of these phrases can enhance the persuasive power of your writing by clearly linking actions and their consequences.

Adding Emphasis

Effectively emphasising key points in your essays can make your arguments more compelling and memorable. Here’s how to appropriately use each word or phrase to add emphasis:

41. Significantly - Indicates that something is of great importance or consequence, drawing the reader's attention to the gravity of the point being made.

42. Importantly - Prioritises the following information as crucial for understanding the argument or situation.

43. Indeed - Reinforces the truth of a statement, often used to confirm and agree with a previously mentioned point that might be surprising or emphatic.

44. Absolutely - A strong affirmation that leaves no doubt about the veracity or importance of the statement.

45. Definitely - Communicates certainty about a fact or opinion, strengthening the author's stance.

46. Certainly - Similar to "definitely," it expresses a high degree of assurance about the information being provided.

47. Undoubtedly - Suggests that there is no doubt about the statement, reinforcing its truth and relevance.

48. Without a doubt - A more emphatic form of "undoubtedly," eliminating any ambiguity about the point’s validity.

49. Particularly - Highlights specific information as especially significant within a broader context.

50. Especially - Used to indicate that something holds more significance than other elements, often emphasizing exceptional cases or instances.

Using these expressions strategically can enhance the persuasive impact of your writing by underscoring the most critical elements of your argument. To see more words and further explore techniques for adding emphasis in academic writing, visit resources like Cambridge Dictionary Blog .

Explaining and Clarifying

In academic essays, clearly explaining and clarifying complex ideas is essential for effective communication. IGCSE tutors and GCSE tutors suggest that each of these phrases can be used to enhance understanding:

51. That is to say - Used to introduce a rephrasing or elaboration on something that has just been stated.

52. In other words - Helps clarify a statement by expressing it in different terms for better understanding.

53. To put it another way - Similar to "in other words," it offers an alternative explanation or perspective to ensure clarity.

54. To clarify - Directly states the intent to make something clearer or to resolve any misunderstandings.

55. To explain - Introduces a detailed explanation aimed at enhancing understanding of a complex issue or point.

56. This means that - Connects a statement or idea to its implications or necessary interpretations.

57. This implies - Suggests a deeper, often unspoken consequence or meaning behind the given information.

58. Put simply - Introduces a simpler or more straightforward version of what has been discussed, making it more accessible.

59. In simpler terms - Another phrase to ease comprehension by breaking down complex concepts into basic language.

60. Thus - Concludes an explanation by summarizing the logical result or conclusion derived from the argument made.

Using these phrases effectively can help articulate intricate arguments in a more digestible format, aiding the reader’s understanding and engagement.

Summarising and Concluding

Expert IB tutors and A-Level tutors recommend that effectively summarising and concluding your essays is crucial for reinforcing your main points and providing a satisfying closure to any persuasive essay. Here’s how to use each word or phrase to effectively wrap up your discussions:

61. In conclusion - Signals the beginning of the final summary, clearly stating that the argument is drawing to a close.

62. To sum up - Introduces a concise summary of the key points discussed, often used before the final conclusion.

63. Ultimately - Indicates a final, overarching conclusion derived from the arguments and evidence presented.

64. Finally - Marks the introduction of the last point or an additional important point that concludes the discussion.

65. Lastly - Similar to "finally," it is used to introduce the final argument or point in the list.

66. To conclude - Directly states the intent to wrap up the essay, leading into a summary of the main findings.

67. In summary - Offers a recap of the essential elements discussed, reinforcing the thesis without introducing new information.

68. All things considered - Provides an overall conclusion, taking into account all the points made throughout the essay.

69. In the final analysis - Suggests a thorough consideration of all aspects discussed, leading to a concluding viewpoint.

70. After all - Implies that the conclusion takes into account all arguments and evidences previously presented.

Mastering the use of these concluding phrases ensures that your essay ends on a strong note, summarising key points and reinforcing your argument.

Discussing Similarities

Highlighting similarities effectively can enhance your argument by showing connections and parallels between ideas or topics. Here’s how to use each phrase to discuss similarities in your essays:

71. Similarly - Indicates that what follows is in alignment with the previous statement, reinforcing the connection between two points.

72. Likewise - Also used to show agreement or similarity, it confirms that the upcoming point supports the previous one in terms of characteristics or outcomes.

73. Just as - Introduces a comparison, suggesting that the situation or argument is equivalent to another.

74. As with - Used before mentioning another example, indicating that it shares properties or conditions with what has been discussed.

75. Equally - Implies that two or more elements are on the same level in terms of importance, quality, or characteristics.

76. Analogous to - Introduces a more formal comparison, indicating that one situation is comparable to another, often used in more scientific or technical discussions.

77. Comparable to - Suggests that two things can be likened to each other, providing a basis for comparison.

78. In the same way - Confirms that the action, process, or idea mirrors another, reinforcing the similarity.

79. Just like - A more casual phrase used to draw a direct comparison, making the similarity clear and understandable.

80. Similarly important - Asserts that the importance or relevance of two or more aspects is equal, emphasising their comparative significance.

Utilising these phrases allows you to effectively link concepts and arguments, showing how they complement or mirror each other, which can strengthen your overall thesis. For further reading on comparing and contrasting ideas effectively, the University of North Carolina Writing Center offers excellent resources.

Providing Alternatives

Offering alternatives in your essays can demonstrate critical thinking by showing different possibilities or approaches. Here’s how to use each word or phrase to introduce alternative ideas:

81. Alternatively - Introduces a different option or suggestion, providing another route or perspective.

82. On the contrary - Used to present a direct opposition to the previously mentioned idea, emphasising a contrasting point.

83. Rather - Suggests a preference for one choice over another, typically used to propose a different approach or opinion.

84. Conversely - Indicates a reversal of what has been previously stated, introducing an opposing viewpoint.

85. Instead - Specifies a substitute or replacement, clearly stating that one option is to be considered in place of another.

86. On the flip side - Introduces a contrasting scenario or viewpoint in a more informal manner, often used in conversational or less formal writing.

87. Rather than - Presents a comparison between two choices, highlighting a preference for one over the other.

88. As an alternative - Explicitly states the introduction of a different option or method, providing variety to the discussion.

89. Either...or - Sets up a choice between two distinct options, forcing a decision that impacts the argument’s direction.

90. Neither...nor - Used to deny two possibilities simultaneously, often restructuring the argument by excluding common options.

Incorporating these phrases allows you to explore and present multiple facets of an issue, enriching the essay’s depth and persuasiveness. For tips on effectively presenting alternative arguments, visit Harvard College Writing Center .

Expressing Conditions

Effectively expressing conditions in your essays can help outline scenarios where certain outcomes or arguments hold true. Here’s how to use each word or phrase to specify conditions:

91. If - Introduces a conditional statement, setting up a scenario where a specific result depends on a preceding condition.

92. Unless - Specifies an exception to a general rule or statement, indicating that a condition will change the outcome if not met.

93. Provided that - Sets a stipulation or requirement for a scenario to occur, emphasizing that certain conditions must be satisfied.

94. Assuming that - Suggests a hypothesis or a precondition that needs to be accepted before proceeding with an argument or conclusion.

95. In case - Prepares for a situation that might occur, setting up precautions or actions based on potential scenarios.

96. Even if - Acknowledges that even under certain circumstances, the primary argument or conclusion still holds.

97. Only if - Restricts the conditions under which a statement or outcome is valid, narrowing down the scenarios to very specific ones.

98. Whether - Presents alternatives, usually offering a choice between possibilities within the condition stated.

99. As long as - Indicates that a condition is contingent upon the duration or continuation of a specified situation.

100. Given that - Introduces a premise as a fact, assuming its truth for the sake of argument or to advance the discussion.

Final Thoughts

In crafting compelling essays, the strategic use of specific words and phrases can significantly enhance both the clarity and persuasiveness of your writing. By mastering the use of these 100 essential terms, students can effectively structure their essays, convey complex ideas, and articulate contrasts and comparisons with precision. Each category of phrases serves a unique purpose, from adding information to providing alternatives, which empowers writers to construct well-rounded arguments and engage their readers more deeply.

As you continue to refine your essay-writing skills, remember that the power of your arguments often lies in the details—the precise words and phrases you choose to express your thoughts. The power of a well crafted essay introduction and precise essay conclusion should also not be overlooked. By integrating these tools into your writing repertoire, you are better equipped to present clear, persuasive, and engaging essays that stand out in academic settings.

How can I improve my essay planning process?

Effective essay planning begins with a clear understanding of the essay question. Break down the question to identify key terms and the required response. Create an outline to organise your main points and supporting arguments logically. Consider using a mind map to visually plot connections between ideas, which can spur creative thinking. Allocate time for research, writing, and revision within your plan. Practising essay plans for different questions can enhance your ability to organise thoughts quickly and efficiently, a crucial skill especially under exam conditions.

What makes an essay introduction effective?

An effective introduction grabs the reader's attention, sets the tone, and provides a clear thesis statement. Start with a hook such as a provocative question, a startling statistic, or a compelling quote. Provide some background information to set the context, ensuring it's directly relevant to the essay's question. The thesis statement should be concise and outline your main argument or response to the question. This setup not only intrigues but also informs the reader about the essay's focus, establishing your understanding and control of the subject.

How do I choose the best evidence for my essay?

The best evidence is relevant, credible, and supports your thesis directly. Use primary sources where possible as they provide first-hand accounts that you can analyse directly. When primary sources are not available, rely on peer-reviewed journals and reputable publications. Diversify your sources to avoid over-reliance on a single type of evidence, and critically evaluate sources for bias and reliability. Properly integrating this evidence into your argument involves summarising, paraphrasing, and quoting sources while always linking back to your main argument.

How can I make my essay arguments more persuasive?

To make your arguments more persuasive, begin with a clear, assertive thesis statement. Structure your essay so each paragraph introduces a single point supporting your thesis. Use credible evidence and explain how this supports your argument. Address potential counterarguments to show the depth of your understanding and strengthen your position by demonstrating why your approach is preferable. Employing a confident but respectful tone and precise language also enhances the persuasiveness of your essay.

What are common pitfalls in essay writing to avoid?

Common pitfalls in essay writing include poor structure, weak thesis statements, and lack of coherence. Avoiding these starts with a robust plan and clear outline. Stay on topic by linking each paragraph back to your thesis statement. Avoid plagiarism by properly citing all sources. Overly complex sentence structures can confuse readers, so strive for clarity and conciseness. Finally, neglecting proofreading can leave typographical and grammatical errors, which diminish the quality of your work, so always review your essay thoroughly.

How do I manage time when writing an essay under exam conditions?

Time management in exams is crucial. Allocate about 10% of your time for planning, 80% for writing, and 10% for revising. Quickly outline your main points to structure your essay from the start. Write your body paragraphs first, as these contain the bulk of marks, then your introduction and conclusion. Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself to ensure you have enough time to adequately develop your arguments and conclude effectively.

What are the best practices for editing and proofreading essays?

After writing your essay, take a break before you start editing to give you a fresh perspective. Read your essay aloud to catch awkward phrasing and sentences that don't flow logically. Check for consistency in tense and point of view throughout the essay. Use spell-check tools, but do not rely on them solely—manually check for homophones and commonly confused words. Consider having someone else read your work to catch errors you might have overlooked and to provide feedback on the clarity of your arguments.

How can I develop a strong thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement is clear, concise, and specific. It should express one main idea that is debatable, meaning there is potential for argument. Reflect on the essay prompt and decide on your position regarding the topic. Your thesis should guide the reader through your arguments and indicate the rationale behind your viewpoint. It serves as the backbone of your essay, so ensure it is robust and directly linked to the question asked.

How do I handle counterarguments in my essays?

Handling counterarguments effectively involves acknowledging them and then refuting them with stronger evidence or reasoning. Present them fairly and objectively, then use logical, fact-based arguments to demonstrate why your position remains valid. This not only shows critical thinking but also strengthens your original argument by showing you have considered multiple perspectives.

What is the role of a conclusion in an essay?

The conclusion of an essay should effectively summarise the main arguments discussed while reaffirming the thesis statement. It should synthesise the information presented rather than introducing new ideas. Provide a final perspective on the topic or suggest implications, further research or practical applications to leave the reader with something to ponder. A strong conclusion can reinforce your argument and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

How can I ensure my essay flows logically?

To ensure logical flow, each paragraph should seamlessly connect to the next with clear transitions. Focus on structuring paragraphs around one main idea that supports your thesis. Use transitional words and phrases to show the relationship between paragraphs. Consistency in your argumentation style and maintaining a clear focus throughout the essay will help keep your writing coherent.

What techniques help maintain reader interest throughout an essay?

To maintain reader interest, start with a strong hook in your introduction and use engaging content like relevant anecdotes, striking statistics, or interesting quotes throughout your essay. Vary your sentence structure and use active voice to keep the narrative dynamic. Also, ensure your topic is relevant and your arguments are presented with passion and clarity.

How can I integrate quotes effectively in essays?

To integrate quotes effectively, introduce the quote with a sentence that sets up its relevance to your argument, then follow the quote with analysis or interpretation that ties it back to your main point. Do not rely heavily on quotes to make your points; use them to support your arguments. Ensure that every quote is properly cited according to the required academic style guide.

What are the differences between descriptive and argumentative essays?

Descriptive essays focus on detailing a particular subject to give the reader a clear image or understanding of the topic through vivid language and sensory details. In contrast, argumentative essays aim to persuade the reader of a particular viewpoint or position using evidence and reasoning. The former is more about painting a picture, while the latter is about convincing through argument.

How can I use feedback to improve my essay writing skills?

Feedback is invaluable for improving essay writing skills. Actively seek out feedback from teachers, peers, or tutors and focus particularly on recurring themes in their comments. Reflect on this feedback critically and apply it to your future essays. Regularly revisiting and revising your work based on constructive criticism allows you to develop a more refined and effective writing style over time.

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Written by: Thomas Babb

Thomas is a PhD candidate at Oxford University. He served as an interviewer and the lead admissions test marker at Oxford, and teaches undergraduate students at Mansfield College and St Hilda’s College. He has ten years’ experience tutoring A-Level and GCSE students across a range of subjects.

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Useful Academic Expressions & Phrases For Essay Writing

These useful academic expressions , words, vocabulary and phrases will help you to write a top-notch essay. Writing an essay can be a challenging task. However it becomes simpler if it is divided into manageable pieces. There are three main parts in an essay: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You can easily overcome your essay writing task with these academic phrases and vocabulary for essay writing.

Phrases to Finish an Introduction Paragraph

In this essay, I will look at some of the arguments for This essay will discuss different ways of … This essay outline some of the reasons why… Let us examine both views before reaching a concrete decision. The following essay takes a look at both sides of the argument.

Vocabulary for Opinion Essay 

In my opinion, I strongly agree with the idea that … I strongly disagree with the idea that … I strongly opine that… I strongly believe that… In my view… As far as I am concerned… It seems to me that… However, I strongly believe that… I oppose the view and my reasons will be explained in the following paragraphs. I will support this view with arguments in the following paragraphs. I personally believe that… Thus the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages…

Useful Expressions For Listing Your Ideas

First… First of all… Firstly… First and foremost… Initially… To begin with… To start with… In the first place…

On the one hand… Second(ly)… (do not use ‘Second of all’) Third(ly)… Then… Next… After that… And… Again… Also… Besides… Likewise… In addition… Consequently… What’s more… Furthermore… Moreover… Apart from that…

Finally… Last but not the least…

Check Also: Vocabulary for Starting Your Essay How to Write The Best Essay Ever!

Phrases to Show a Comparison in Your Essay

In the same way… Likewise… Similarly… Like the previous point… Similar to… Also… At the same time… Just as…

Useful Vocabulary and Phrases to Show Contrast

On the other hand… On the contrary… However… Nevertheless…/ Nonetheless… But… Nonetheless/ Nevertheless… Oppositely… Alternatively… Unlike… While… Whilst… Although… Though… Even though… Despite… / In spite of… In spite of the fact that… Alternatively… In contrast to this… Then again… On the other hand… Despite the fact that… Even so… Yet… Meanwhile…

Vocabulary For Expressing Condition

If… Provided that… Because of that… For this reason… Unless… Providing that… So that… In case… Whether…

Phrases for Expressing Certainty in Your Essay

Certainly… Definitely… No doubt… Of course… Doubtlessly… Without any doubt… Undoubtedly…

Vocabulary for Adding Further Information

In addition… And… Moreover… Similarly… Furthermore… Also… As well as… Besides… Even… Too… What’s more… Again… In a similar fashion… Likewise…

Expressions for Agreement & Disagreement in Your Essay

While writing your essay, as a writer you are required to show whether you agree & disagree or partially agree with a given statement or opinion.

Vocabulary for Expressing Agreement

I strongly agree… I completely agree that… I totally agree with the given idea that… I agree with the opinion that… I am quite inclined to the opinion that… I accept that… I accept the fact that… I am in agreement… I consent that…

Vocabulary for Expressing Disagreement

I disagree with the opinion that… I strongly disagree… I completely disagree with… I totally disagree with the given idea that… I disagree with the statement… I quite oppose the opinion that… I disapprove that… I totally do not accept the fact that… My own opinion contradicts… I disagree with the group of people… However, my opinion is different from…

Vocabulary for Expressing Partial Agreement

To some extent… In a way… I agree with the given statement to some extent… Up to a point, I agree… More or less… So to speak…

Essay Writing Expressions PDF

  Essay Expression PDF – (download)

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17 academic words and phrases to use in your essay

(Last updated: 20 October 2022)

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We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

For the vast majority of students, essay writing doesn't always come easily. Writing at academic level is an acquired skill that can literally take years to master – indeed, many students find they only start to feel really confident writing essays just as their undergraduate course comes to an end!

If this is you, and you've come here looking for words and phrases to use in your essay, you're in the right place. We’ve pulled together a list of essential academic words you can use in the introduction, body, and conclusion of your essays .

Whilst your ideas and arguments should always be your own, borrowing some of the words and phrases listed below is a great way to articulate your ideas more effectively, and ensure that you keep your reader’s attention from start to finish.

It goes without saying (but we'll say it anyway) that there's a certain formality that comes with academic writing. Casual and conversational phrases have no place. Obviously, there are no LOLs, LMFAOs, and OMGs. But formal academic writing can be much more subtle than this, and as we've mentioned above, requires great skill.

So, to get you started on polishing your own essay writing ability, try using the words in this list as an inspirational starting point.

Words to use in your introduction

The trickiest part of academic writing often comes right at the start, with your introduction. Of course, once you’ve done your plan and have your arguments laid out, you need to actually put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard) and begin your essay.

You need to consider that your reader doesn’t have a clue about your topic or arguments, so your first sentence must summarise these. Explain what your essay is going to talk about as though you were explaining it to a five year old – without losing the formality of your academic writing, of course! To do this, use any of the below words or phrases to help keep you on track.

1. Firstly, secondly, thirdly

Even though it sounds obvious, your argument will be clearer if you deliver the ideas in the right order. These words can help you to offer clarity and structure to the way you expose your ideas. This is an extremely effective method of presenting the facts clearly. Don’t be too rigid and feel you have to number each point, but using this system can be a good way to get an argument off the ground, and link arguments together.

2. In view of; in light of; considering

These essay phrases are useful to begin your essay. They help you pose your argument based on what other authors have said or a general concern about your research. They can also both be used when a piece of evidence sheds new light on an argument. Here’s an example: The result of the American invasion has severely impaired American interests in the Middle East, exponentially increasing popular hostility to the United States throughout the region, a factor which has proved to be a powerful recruitment tool for extremist terrorist groups (Isakhan, 2015). Considering [or In light of / In view of] the perceived resulting threat to American interests, it could be argued that the Bush administration failed to fully consider the impact of their actions before pushing forward with the war.

3. According to X; X stated that; referring to the views of X

Introducing the views of an author who has a comprehensive knowledge of your particular area of study is a crucial part of essay writing. Including a quote that fits naturally into your work can be a bit of a struggle, but these academic phrases provide a great way in.

Even though it’s fine to reference a quote in your introduction, we don’t recommend you start your essay with a direct quote. Use your own words to sum up the views you’re mentioning, for example:

As Einstein often reiterated, experiments can prove theories, but experiments don’t give birth to theories.

Rather than:

“A theory can be proved by experiment, but no path leads from experiment to the birth of a theory.” {Albert Einstein, 1954, Einstein: A Biography}.

See the difference?

And be sure to reference correctly too, when using quotes or paraphrasing someone else's words.

Adding information and flow

The flow of your essay is extremely important. You don’t want your reader to be confused by the rhythm of your writing and get distracted away from your argument, do you? No! So, we recommend using some of the following ‘flow’ words, which are guaranteed to help you articulate your ideas and arguments in a chronological and structured order.

4. Moreover; furthermore; in addition; what’s more

These types of academic phrases are perfect for expanding or adding to a point you’ve already made without interrupting the flow altogether. “Moreover”, “furthermore” and “in addition” are also great linking phrases to begin a new paragraph.

Here are some examples: The dissociation of tau protein from microtubules destabilises the latter resulting in changes to cell structure, and neuronal transport. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to further oxidative stress causing increased levels of nitrous oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidases.

On the data of this trial, no treatment recommendations should be made. The patients are suspected, but not confirmed, to suffer from pneumonia. Furthermore, five days is too short a follow up time to confirm clinical cure.

5. In order to; to that end; to this end

These are helpful academic phrases to introduce an explanation or state your aim. Oftentimes your essay will have to prove how you intend to achieve your goals. By using these sentences you can easily expand on points that will add clarity to the reader.

For example: My research entailed hours of listening and recording the sound of whales in order to understand how they communicate.

Dutch tech companies offer support in the fight against the virus. To this end, an online meeting took place on Wednesday...

Even though we recommend the use of these phrases, DO NOT use them too often. You may think you sound like a real academic but it can be a sign of overwriting!

6. In other words; to put it another way; that is; to put it more simply

Complement complex ideas with simple descriptions by using these sentences. These are excellent academic phrases to improve the continuity of your essay writing. They should be used to explain a point you’ve already made in a slightly different way. Don’t use them to repeat yourself, but rather to elaborate on a certain point that needs further explanation. Or, to succinctly round up what just came before.

For example: A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no relationship between phenomena. In other words, there is no treatment effect.

Nothing could come to be in this pre-world time, “because no part of such a time possesses, as compared with any other, a distinguishing condition of existence rather than non-existence.” That is, nothing exists in this pre-world time, and so there can be nothing that causes the world to come into existence.

7. Similarly; likewise; another key fact to remember; as well as; an equally significant aspect of

These essay words are a good choice to add a piece of information that agrees with an argument or fact you just mentioned. In academic writing, it is very relevant to include points of view that concur with your opinion. This will help you to situate your research within a research context.

Also , academic words and phrases like the above are also especially useful so as not to repeat the word ‘also’ too many times. (We did that on purpose to prove our point!) Your reader will be put off by the repetitive use of simple conjunctions. The quality of your essay will drastically improve just by using academic phrases and words such as ‘similarly’, ‘as well as’, etc. Here, let us show you what we mean:

In 1996, then-transport minister Steve Norris enthused about quadrupling cycling trips by 2012. Similarly, former prime minister David Cameron promised a “cycling revolution” in 2013…

Or Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) aims to bridge the gap of access to electricity across the continent (...). Another key fact to remember is that it must expand cost-efficient access to electricity to nearly 1 billion people.

The wording “not only… but also” is a useful way to elaborate on a similarity in your arguments but in a more striking way.

Comparing and contrasting information

Academic essays often include opposite opinions or information in order to prove a point. It is important to show all the aspects that are relevant to your research. Include facts and researchers’ views that disagree with a point of your essay to show your knowledge of your particular field of study. Below are a few words and ways of introducing alternative arguments.

8. Conversely; however; alternatively; on the contrary; on the other hand; whereas

Finding a seamless method to present an alternative perspective or theory can be hard work, but these terms and phrases can help you introduce the other side of the argument. Let's look at some examples:

89% of respondents living in joint families reported feeling financially secure. Conversely, only 64% of those who lived in nuclear families said they felt financially secure.

The first protagonist has a social role to fill in being a father to those around him, whereas the second protagonist relies on the security and knowledge offered to him by Chaplin.

“On the other hand” can also be used to make comparisons when worded together with “on the one hand.”

9. By contrast; in comparison; then again; that said; yet

These essay phrases show contrast, compare facts, and present uncertainty regarding a point in your research. “That said” and “yet” in particular will demonstrate your expertise on a topic by showing the conditions or limitations of your research area. For example:

All the tests were positive. That said, we must also consider the fact that some of them had inconclusive results.

10. Despite this; provided that; nonetheless

Use these phrases and essay words to demonstrate a positive aspect of your subject-matter regardless of lack of evidence, logic, coherence, or criticism. Again, this kind of information adds clarity and expertise to your academic writing.

A good example is:

Despite the criticism received by X, the popularity of X remains undiminished.

11. Importantly; significantly; notably; another key point

Another way to add contrast is by highlighting the relevance of a fact or opinion in the context of your research. These academic words help to introduce a sentence or paragraph that contains a very meaningful point in your essay.

Giving examples

A good piece of academic writing will always include examples. Illustrating your essay with examples will make your arguments stronger. Most of the time, examples are a way to clarify an explanation; they usually offer an image that the reader can recognise. The most common way to introduce an illustration is “for example.” However, in order not to repeat yourself here are a few other options.

12. For instance; to give an illustration of; to exemplify; to demonstrate; as evidence; to elucidate

The academic essays that are receiving top marks are the ones that back up every single point made. These academic phrases are a useful way to introduce an example. If you have a lot of examples, avoid repeating the same phrase to facilitate the readability of your essay.

Here’s an example:

‘High involvement shopping’, an experiential process described by Wu et al. (2015, p. 299) relies upon the development of an identity-based alliance between the customer and the brand. Celebrity status at Prada, for example, has created an alliance between the brand and a new generation of millennial customers.

Concluding your essay

Concluding words for essays are necessary to wrap up your argument. Your conclusion must include a brief summary of the ideas that you just exposed without being redundant. The way these ideas are expressed should lead to the final statement and core point you have arrived at in your present research.

13. In conclusion; to conclude; to summarise; in sum; in the final analysis; on close analysis

These are phrases for essays that will introduce your concluding paragraph. You can use them at the beginning of a sentence. They will show the reader that your essay is coming to an end:

On close analysis and appraisal, we see that the study by Cortis lacks essential features of the highest quality quantitative research.

14. Persuasive; compelling

Essay words like these ones can help you emphasize the most relevant arguments of your paper. Both are used in the same way: “the most persuasive/compelling argument is…”.

15. Therefore; this suggests that; it can be seen that; the consequence is

When you’re explaining the significance of the results of a piece of research, these phrases provide the perfect lead up to your explanation.

16. Above all; chiefly; especially; most significantly; it should be noted

Your summary should include the most relevant information or research factor that guided you to your conclusion. Contrary to words such as “persuasive” or “compelling”, these essay words are helpful to draw attention to an important point. For example:

The feasibility and effectiveness of my research has been proven chiefly in the last round of laboratory tests.

Film noir is, and will continue to be, highly debatable, controversial, and unmarketable – but above all, for audience members past, present and to come, extremely enjoyable as a form of screen media entertainment.

17. All things considered

This essay phrase is meant to articulate how you give reasons to your conclusions. It means that after you considered all the aspects related to your study, you have arrived to the conclusion you are demonstrating.

After mastering the use of these academic words and phrases, we guarantee you will see an immediate change in the quality of your essays. The structure will be easier to follow, and the reader’s experience will improve. You’ll also feel more confident articulating your ideas and using facts and examples. So jot them all down, and watch your essays go from ‘good’ to ‘great’!

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100+ Useful Words and Phrases to Write a Great Essay

By: Author Sophia

Posted on Last updated: October 25, 2023

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How to Write a Great Essay in English! This lesson provides 100+ useful words, transition words and expressions used in writing an essay. Let’s take a look!

The secret to a successful essay doesn’t just lie in the clever things you talk about and the way you structure your points.

Useful Words and Phrases to Write a Great Essay

Overview of an essay.

Useful Phrases for Proficiency Essays

Developing the argument

• The first aspect to point out is that…
• Let us start by considering the facts.
• The novel portrays, deals with, revolves around…
• Central to the novel is…
• The character of xxx embodies/ epitomizes…

The other side of the argument

• It would also be interesting to see…
• One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle.
• Equally relevant to the issue are the questions of…
• The arguments we have presented… suggest that…/ prove that…/ would indicate that…
• From these arguments one must…/ could…/ might… conclude that…
• All of this points to the conclusion that…
• To conclude…

Ordering elements

• Firstly,…/ Secondly,…/ Finally,… (note the comma after all these introductory words.)
• As a final point…
• On the one hand, …. on the other hand…
• If on the one hand it can be said that… the same is not true for…
• The first argument suggests that… whilst the second suggests that…
• There are at least xxx points to highlight.

Adding elements

• Furthermore, one should not forget that…
• In addition to…
• Moreover…
• It is important to add that…

Accepting other points of view

• Nevertheless, one should accept that…
• However, we also agree that…

Personal opinion

• We/I personally believe that…
• Our/My own point of view is that…
• It is my contention that…
• I am convinced that…
• My own opinion is…

Others’ opinions

• According to some critics… Critics:
• believe that
• suggest that
• are convinced that
• point out that
• emphasize that
• contend that
• go as far as to say that
• argue for this

Introducing examples

• For example…
• For instance…
• To illustrate this point…

Introducing facts

• It is… true that…/ clear that…/ noticeable that…
• One should note here that…

Saying what you think is true

• This leads us to believe that…
• It is very possible that…
• In view of these facts, it is quite likely that…
• Doubtless,…
• One cannot deny that…
• It is (very) clear from these observations that…
• All the same, it is possible that…
• It is difficult to believe that…

Accepting other points to a certain degree

• One can agree up to a certain point with…
• Certainly,… However,…
• It cannot be denied that…

Emphasizing particular points

• The last example highlights the fact that…
• Not only… but also…
• We would even go so far as to say that…

Moderating, agreeing, disagreeing

• By and large…
• Perhaps we should also point out the fact that…
• It would be unfair not to mention the fact that…
• One must admit that…
• We cannot ignore the fact that…
• One cannot possibly accept the fact that…

Consequences

• From these facts, one may conclude that…
• That is why, in our opinion, …
• Which seems to confirm the idea that…
• Thus,…/ Therefore,…
• Some critics suggest…, whereas others…
• Compared to…
• On the one hand, there is the firm belief that… On the other hand, many people are convinced that…

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 1

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 2

Phrases For Balanced Arguments

Introduction

• It is often said that…
• It is undeniable that…
• It is a well-known fact that…
• One of the most striking features of this text is…
• The first thing that needs to be said is…
• First of all, let us try to analyze…
• One argument in support of…
• We must distinguish carefully between…
• The second reason for…
• An important aspect of the text is…
• It is worth stating at this point that…
• On the other hand, we can observe that…
• The other side of the coin is, however, that…
• Another way of looking at this question is to…
• What conclusions can be drawn from all this?
• The most satisfactory conclusion that we can come to is…
• To sum up… we are convinced that…/ …we believe that…/ …we have to accept that…

How to Write a Great Essay | Image 3

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Nur Syuhadah Zainuddin

Friday 19th of August 2022

thank u so much its really usefull

12thSeahorse

Wednesday 3rd of August 2022

He or she who masters the English language rules the world!

Friday 25th of March 2022

Thank you so so much, this helped me in my essays with A+

Theophilus Muzvidziwa

Friday 11th of March 2022

Monday 21st of February 2022

200+ Advanced/Proficient English vocabulary

Advanced/proficient english vocabulary.

Have you conquered the basics of English vocabulary? Do you find yourself comfortable with everyday conversations, but struggle to express more complex ideas? If so, welcome to the exciting world of advanced English vocabulary!

This realm unlocks a treasure trove of words that elevate your communication and understanding. It’s not just about using “big” words; it’s about wielding language with precision and flair.

Advanced/Proficient English vocabulary with meaning and example

• Meaning: Difficult to understand; obscure.
• Example: The professor’s explanation was so abstruse that only a few students could grasp it.
• Meaning: An award or privilege granted as a special honor or as an acknowledgment of merit.
• Example: She received many accolades for her groundbreaking research in medicine.
• Meaning: Sharp and forthright, especially in tone or manner.
• Example: His acerbic comments during the meeting were hard to ignore.
• Meaning: Clever or skillful in using the hands or mind.
• Example: The adroit negotiator was able to secure a favorable deal for the company.
• Meaning: Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
• Example: The artist’s aesthetic sense was evident in every piece of artwork he created.
• Meaning: Brisk and cheerful readiness.
• Example: She accepted the invitation with alacrity, excited for the opportunity.
• Meaning: Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
• Example: He felt ambivalent about moving to a new city, excited yet anxious about the change.
• Anachronism
• Meaning: Something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time.
• Example: The use of a smartphone in a film set in the 19th century was an obvious anachronism.
• Meaning: Of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.
• Example: The story about the treasure map was apocryphal, with no evidence to support it.
• Meaning: Showing great care and perseverance.
• Example: Her assiduous research led to the discovery of a new species of plant.
• Meaning: Showing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks.
• Example: The audacious plan to climb the mountain in winter was both daring and dangerous.
• Meaning: Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
• Example: His avarice led him to make unethical decisions to amass a fortune.
• Meaning: Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.
• Example: The bellicose rhetoric of the politician stirred tensions between the two countries.
• Meaning: High-sounding but with little meaning; inflated.
• Example: The CEO’s bombastic speech was full of grandiose claims but lacked substance.
• Meaning: Relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life.
• Example: They enjoyed a bucolic weekend in the countryside, away from the city’s hustle and bustle.
• Meaning: A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
• Example: The cacophony of the city streets made it difficult to concentrate on his work.
• Meaning: To cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender.
• Example: The rebels were forced to capitulate after prolonged negotiations with the government.
• Meaning: To reprimand someone severely.
• Example: The manager castigated the employee for failing to meet the project deadlines.
• Clandestine
• Meaning: Kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit.
• Example: The spy’s clandestine operations were never revealed to the public.
• Conflagration
• Meaning: An extensive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
• Example: The conflagration consumed several buildings before the firefighters could bring it under control.
• Meaning: Extremely complex and difficult to follow.
• Example: The plot of the movie was so convoluted that many viewers struggled to understand it.
• Meaning: Abundant in supply or quantity.
• Example: She took copious notes during the lecture to ensure she wouldn’t miss any details.
• Meaning: Fat; having a large, bulky body.
• Example: The corpulent man struggled to fit into the airplane seat comfortably.
• Meaning: Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure.
• Example: The cryptic message in the letter left everyone puzzled about its true meaning.
• Meaning: To make someone very weak and infirm.
• Example: The illness debilitated him to the point where he could barely leave his bed.
• Defenestration
• Meaning: The act of throwing someone out of a window.
• Example: The defenestration of the diplomat was a shocking act of violence during the political upheaval.
• Meaning: The exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.
• Example: The country suffered under the despotism of a tyrannical leader who ignored the needs of the people.
• Meaning: Modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence.
• Example: Her diffident nature made it difficult for her to speak up in meetings.
• Meaning: Essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison.
• Example: The two job offers were so disparate that it was hard to decide which one to accept.
• Disseminate
• Meaning: To spread or disperse widely.
• Example: The organization aims to disseminate information about environmental conservation to the public.
• Meaning: To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
• Example: The lecture was designed to edify students about the principles of ethical leadership.
• Meaning: Outstandingly bad; shocking.
• Example: The company’s egregious safety violations led to a significant fine from the regulatory body.
• Meaning: To weaken or drain of energy.
• Example: The long, stressful day at work enervated her, leaving her too tired to enjoy the evening.
• Meaning: Mysterious and difficult to understand.
• Example: The Mona Lisa’s enigmatic smile has intrigued art enthusiasts for centuries.
• Meaning: Calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation.
• Example: She faced the unexpected news with remarkable equanimity, never losing her composure.
• Meaning: Intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with specialized knowledge.
• Example: The professor’s lecture on quantum mechanics was filled with esoteric concepts that went over most students’ heads.
• Meaning: To make a situation worse or more intense.
• Example: The new policies only served to exacerbate the already tense situation in the workplace.
• Meaning: To criticize severely and publicly.
• Example: The film critic excoriated the movie for its lack of originality and poor performances.
• Expeditious
• Meaning: Done with speed and efficiency.
• Example: The company’s expeditious response to customer complaints helped maintain its good reputation.
• Meaning: Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant.
• Example: His facetious remarks during the meeting were not well received by his colleagues.
• Meaning: Very attentive to detail; meticulous.
• Example: She was so fastidious about her work that every project she completed was flawless.
• Meaning: Silly and pointless.
• Example: The fatuous remarks made during the debate did nothing to advance the discussion.
• Flabbergasted
• Meaning: Extremely surprised or shocked.
• Example: She was flabbergasted when she learned she had won the grand prize in the lottery.
• Meaning: Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.
• Example: The garrulous neighbor often stopped to chat, making it difficult to get things done.
• Meaning: Given or done free of charge; lacking good reason; unwarranted.
• Example: The movie’s gratuitous violence detracted from its otherwise compelling plot.
• Meaning: Fond of company; sociable.
• Example: His gregarious nature made him the life of every party he attended.
• Meaning: A lengthy and aggressive speech.
• Example: The coach’s harangue after the loss was both motivational and scathing.
• Meaning: Engaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually self-indulgent.
• Example: His hedonistic lifestyle was evident in his constant quest for new experiences and pleasures.
• Meaning: Acting or done quickly and without thought or care.
• Example: His impetuous decision to buy the car without consulting anyone led to significant financial trouble.
• Imprecation
• Meaning: A spoken curse.
• Example: The old man muttered an imprecation under his breath as he watched the vandalism.
• Meaning: Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.
• Example: The beauty of the sunset was so ineffable that it left everyone speechless.
• Meaning: Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.
• Example: The insidious spread of misinformation caused widespread confusion among the public.
• Meaning: Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
• Example: The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.
• Meaning: Easily provoked to anger.
• Example: The irascible chef was known for his quick temper in the kitchen.
• Juxtaposition
• Meaning: The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
• Example: The juxtaposition of the modern building against the historic architecture created an interesting visual contrast.
• Meaning: Affected by lethargy; sluggish and apathetic.
• Example: She felt lethargic after staying up all night studying for her exams.
• Magnanimous
• Meaning: Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful.
• Example: His magnanimous gesture of offering to help his opponent was widely praised.
• Meaning: Capable of being shaped or molded; easily influenced.
• Example: The metal is highly malleable, making it suitable for crafting into intricate designs.
• Meaning: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
• Example: Her meticulous planning ensured that every aspect of the event went smoothly.
• Meaning: A small quantity of a particular thing, especially something considered desirable or valuable.
• Example: Even a modicum of patience would have improved the situation significantly.
• Meaning: In the form of a cloud or haze; hazy; vague or ill-defined.
• Example: The details of the plan were still nebulous, leaving many questions unanswered.
• Meaning: To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand.
• Example: The legal document was filled with jargon that seemed intended to obfuscate the terms.
• Meaning: Obedient or attentive to an excessive degree; ingratiating.
• Example: The obsequious assistant flattered her boss excessively in hopes of securing a promotion.
• Ostentatious
• Meaning: Characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.
• Example: His ostentatious display of wealth, including a fleet of luxury cars, was the talk of the town.
• Meaning: A solution or remedy for all problems or difficulties.
• Example: The new policy was hailed as a panacea for the company’s financial issues, though its effectiveness was yet to be proven.
• Meaning: A model of excellence or perfection.
• Example: She was considered a paragon of virtue for her dedication to charity and community service.
• Meaning: Excessively concerned with minor details and rules; overly academic.
• Example: His pedantic approach to teaching often bored his students, who found the minutiae tedious.
• Meaning: Deceitful and untrustworthy.
• Example: His perfidious behavior was revealed when he betrayed his closest friends for personal gain.
• Perspicacious
• Meaning: Having a ready insight into and understanding of things.
• Example: The perspicacious detective quickly pieced together the clues that others had missed.
• Meaning: Having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.
• Example: Despite the chaos around him, his phlegmatic demeanor helped him handle the crisis with ease.
• Meaning: Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.
• Example: Her pragmatic approach to problem-solving helped the team navigate the challenges efficiently.
• Meaning: Not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse; uncertain or unstable.
• Example: The precarious bridge swayed dangerously in the wind, making the crossing a nerve-wracking experience.
• Meaning: A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition.
• Example: His proclivity for detailed research made him an excellent historian.
• Meaning: Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree.
• Example: The scientist made a prodigious discovery that would change the course of medical research.
• Meaning: An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
• Example: She had a propensity for artistic endeavors, which was evident from a young age.
• Meaning: Eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight.
• Example: His pugnacious attitude often led to conflicts with his colleagues.
• Meaning: Exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.
• Example: His quixotic plan to solve global hunger with a single initiative was met with skepticism.
• Recalcitrant
• Meaning: Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.
• Example: The recalcitrant student refused to follow the teacher’s instructions, causing disruptions in class.
• Recapitulate
• Meaning: To summarize and state again the main points of.
• Example: At the end of the meeting, she recapitulated the key decisions that had been made.
• Meaning: Strongly reminiscent or suggestive of; having a pleasant smell.
• Example: The garden was redolent of roses, filling the air with a sweet fragrance.
• Meaning: Able to recover quickly from difficulties; tough.
• Example: The resilient community rebuilt their homes and lives after the devastating hurricane.
• Meaning: An unprincipled person (often used humorously or affectionately); a person rejected by God.
• Example: The novel’s protagonist is a charming reprobate who constantly finds himself in trouble.
• Meaning: Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
• Example: Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the project’s potential success.
• Meaning: Grimly mocking or cynical.
• Example: His sardonic comment about the company’s failed project did not go unnoticed by his colleagues.
• Scintillating
• Meaning: Sparkling or shining brightly; brilliantly and excitingly clever or witty.
• Example: The scintillating conversation at the party kept everyone entertained and engaged.
• Serendipity
• Meaning: The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
• Example: Finding the perfect book in a secondhand store was a moment of pure serendipity.
• Supercilious
• Meaning: Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others.
• Example: His supercilious smile made it clear that he considered himself above the rest of the team.
• Surreptitious
• Meaning: Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.
• Example: Their surreptitious meetings were conducted under the cover of darkness to avoid detection.
• Meaning: A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important in order to gain advantage.
• Example: The sycophant flattered the boss excessively to secure a promotion.
• Meaning: Reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.
• Example: His taciturn nature often made him seem aloof, though he was simply a private person.
• Meaning: Diverging or digressing from a main point or course; only slightly relevant.
• Example: His comments were tangential to the topic of the meeting and did not contribute to the main discussion.
• Meaning: Peaceful, calm, and free from disturbance.
• Example: The tranquil garden provided a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.
• Meaning: Incisive or keen, as in a remark or argument; having a sharp, clear edge.
• Example: Her trenchant analysis of the political situation revealed insights that others had missed.
• Meaning: Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
• Example: Smartphones have become so ubiquitous that it’s hard to find someone without one.
• Meaning: Excessively smooth or suave; ingratiating; oily or greasy.
• Example: The salesman’s unctuous manner made me suspicious of his intentions.
• Meaning: Accorded a great deal of respect, especially because of age, wisdom, or character.
• Example: The venerable professor was admired by all his students for his extensive knowledge and experience.
• Meaning: Truthful, honest, or accurate.
• Example: Her veracious account of the events was appreciated by everyone who sought the truth.
• Meaning: Causing or likely to cause annoyance, frustration, or worry.
• Example: The vexatious delays in the project were frustrating everyone involved.
• Vicissitude
• Meaning: A change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant.
• Example: The vicissitudes of life can be challenging, but they often lead to personal growth.
• Meaning: Having or showing a strong desire for revenge.
• Example: His vindictive attitude towards his former colleagues made it difficult for him to move on.
• Meaning: Not allowing oneself much in the way of food or drink; moderate or self-restrained.
• Example: She maintained an abstemious lifestyle, avoiding excesses and indulgence.
• Meaning: Excessive praise or flattery.
• Example: The movie star was accustomed to adulation from fans and the media alike.
• Meaning: To increase the power, status, or wealth of; to enhance the reputation of.
• Example: The company’s advertisement was designed to aggrandize its achievements and status in the industry.
• Meaning: To make (a problem, suffering, or deficiency) less severe.
• Example: The medication helped to alleviate her chronic pain, making her daily life more manageable.
• Meaning: A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
• Example: His calm demeanor was the antithesis of her frantic behavior during the crisis.
• Meaning: Overcome with anger; extremely indignant.
• Example: She was apoplectic when she found out that her plans had been sabotaged.
• Meaning: Self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a demanding situation.
• Example: The speaker handled the tough questions with aplomb, impressing the audience with her composure.
• Meaning: High-sounding but with little meaning; inflated or pretentious language.
• Example: His speech was full of bombast, lacking in substantive content despite its impressive rhetoric.
• Meaning: Showing deep unhappiness of thought; preoccupied with something.
• Example: He sat in the corner, brooding over the recent setbacks in his personal life.
• Meaning: To come together to form one mass or whole.
• Example: The various groups coalesced into a single, unified organization to better achieve their goals.
• Meaning: Clear, logical, and convincing.
• Example: Her cogent argument persuaded the committee to approve the proposal.
• Meaning: Showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s achievements.
• Example: The team’s complacent attitude after their initial success led to their eventual downfall.
• Meaning: Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.
• Example: He gave a contrite apology after realizing the hurtful impact of his words.
• Contumacious
• Meaning: Stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority.
• Example: The contumacious student refused to follow the school’s rules, leading to disciplinary action.
• Meaning: Excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures.
• Example: The novel depicted the protagonist’s descent into debauchery and moral corruption.
• Meaning: No longer existing or functioning.
• Example: The once-popular TV show is now defunct, having been canceled years ago.
• Meaning: Lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm; occurring randomly or intermittently.
• Example: His desultory approach to studying meant he rarely made significant progress.
• Meaning: Harsh and jarring because of a lack of harmony; not in agreement.
• Example: The dissonant chords in the music created an unsettling effect.
• Meaning: To extract the essential meaning or most important aspects of something; to purify or refine.
• Example: The editor helped distill the complex report into a clear and concise summary.
• Meaning: Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.
• Example: The president’s eloquent speech inspired the nation and moved many to action.
• Meaning: Lasting for a very short time.
• Example: The beauty of the sunset was ephemeral, fading quickly as night fell.
• Meaning: To use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.
• Example: The politician equivocated on the issue, avoiding a direct answer to the controversial question.
• Meaning: A person or thing that serves as a model or example; a perfect example.
• Example: Her dedication to the project was an exemplar of hard work and commitment.
• Meaning: Based on a mistaken belief or unsound reasoning; misleading.
• Example: His argument was fallacious, relying on incorrect assumptions and faulty logic.
• Meaning: To instigate or stir up (an undesirable or violent sentiment or course of action).
• Example: The leader was accused of fomenting unrest among the population.
• Meaning: Irritable and quarrelsome; difficult to control.
• Example: The fractious child caused trouble in every situation, making it hard for others to get along.
• Meaning: To shock or excite someone into taking action; to stimulate.
• Example: The urgent call to action galvanized the community into organizing a relief effort.
• Meaning: Not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.
• Example: His heterodox views on education challenged traditional methods and sparked debate.
• Homogeneous
• Meaning: Of the same kind; alike; composed of parts that are all the same.
• Example: The team was homogeneous in its composition, with members sharing similar backgrounds and skills.
• Impecunious
• Meaning: Having little or no money; poor.
• Example: The impecunious artist struggled to make ends meet, often relying on the support of friends.
• Meaning: Fearless; adventurous; daring.
• Example: The intrepid explorer ventured into uncharted territories despite the many dangers.
• Meaning: To place side by side for comparison or contrast.
• Example: The artist chose to juxtapose the bright colors with the dark tones to create a striking visual effect.
• Meaning: Weak or faint from illness or fatigue; lacking energy or vitality.
• Example: After the long hike, she felt languid and needed to rest before continuing.
• Meaning: Giving off light; shining; bright; radiant.
• Example: The luminous stars lit up the night sky, creating a breathtaking view.
• Meaning: A deep, persistent sadness; a feeling of sorrow or gloom.
• Example: The melancholy music perfectly captured the mood of the somber occasion.
• Meaning: Very generous; giving freely.
• Example: The munificent donor contributed a large sum to the charity, significantly impacting its ability to help others.
• Meaning: Wicked or criminal; evil.
• Example: The villain’s nefarious plan was to undermine the government and cause chaos.
• Meaning: Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
• Example: Despite the evidence presented, he remained obdurate in his refusal to accept the new policy.
• Meaning: Not discovered or known about; uncertain; hard to understand.
• Example: The meaning of the ancient text was obscure, requiring extensive research to decipher.
• Meaning: Having unlimited power; able to do anything.
• Example: The ruler was seen as omnipotent, with the ability to control every aspect of society.
• Meaning: A model or pattern of something that serves as an example; a framework.
• Example: The new research provided a paradigm shift in the understanding of the disease.
• Meaning: A statement or situation that seems contradictory or absurd but may be true.
• Example: It’s a paradox that in an age of communication, people often feel more isolated than ever.
• Meaning: To spread throughout; to seep into every part.
• Example: The smell of fresh coffee began to permeate the entire house, waking everyone up.
• Meaning: Producing a large amount of something; highly productive.
• Example: The prolific writer published ten novels in just five years.
• Meaning: Lacking care or attention to duty; negligent.
• Example: He was remiss in his duties, leading to several important tasks being overlooked.
• Meaning: Fully or abundantly filled or supplied; complete.
• Example: The book was replete with fascinating facts and insights about the historical period.
• Meaning: To revoke, cancel, or repeal (a law, order, or agreement).
• Example: The company decided to rescind its previous offer after realizing the costs involved.
• Meaning: Most noticeable or important; prominent.
• Example: The salient features of the new software include its user-friendly interface and powerful analytics tools.
• Sanctimonious
• Meaning: Making a show of being morally superior to other people.
• Example: His sanctimonious remarks about personal responsibility were off-putting to many of his colleagues.
• Meaning: Showing dedication and diligence; hardworking.
• Example: Her sedulous preparation for the exam paid off, as she scored at the top of her class.
• Meaning: Causing or tending to cause sleep; sleepy or drowsy.
• Example: The lecture was so soporific that many students struggled to stay awake.
• Meaning: Extremely dirty and unpleasant; neglected.
• Example: The squalid conditions of the abandoned building were shocking to the new tenants.
• Substantiate
• Meaning: To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
• Example: The scientist was able to substantiate his theory with extensive research and experiments.
• Meaning: Having the qualities of surrealism; bizarre or dreamlike.
• Example: The artist’s paintings were so surreal that they seemed to transport viewers to another world.
• Meaning: Understood or implied without being stated directly.
• Example: There was a tacit agreement between the partners to keep the project confidential.
• Meaning: Very weak or insubstantial; lacking a sound basis.
• Example: His argument was tenuous at best, relying on speculative evidence that failed to convince.
• Meaning: Showing or suffering from nervousness or a lack of confidence.
• Example: The timorous student spoke softly and avoided eye contact during the presentation.
• Meaning: Lasting only for a short time; temporary.
• Example: The city’s transient population meant that there was always a mix of new faces in town.
• Unfathomable
• Meaning: Incapable of being fully explored or understood; incomprehensible.
• Example: The depths of the ocean remain largely unfathomable to modern science.
• Meaning: To waver between different opinions or actions; indecisive.
• Example: She continued to vacillate between two job offers, unable to make a decision.
• Meaning: The state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried.
• Example: His constant interruptions were a source of great vexation during the meeting.
• Meaning: To speak or write about in an abusively disparaging manner; to defame.
• Example: The politician was vilified in the media for his controversial remarks.
• Meaning: Longing or yearning for something that is no longer attainable; melancholic.
• Example: She looked out the window with a wistful expression, reminiscing about her childhood.
• Meaning: To repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement).
• Example: The government decided to abrogate the outdated regulations in favor of more modern laws.
• Adversarial
• Meaning: Involving or characterized by conflict or opposition.
• Example: The adversarial relationship between the two parties made negotiations difficult.
• Meaning: To make an unpleasant feeling less intense; to relieve or ease.
• Example: The counselor’s words helped to assuage the child’s fears about starting school.
• Meaning: To show something to be false or contradictory; to contradict.
• Example: His calm demeanor belied the intense stress he was feeling inside.
• Meaning: Showing a casual and cheerful indifference; carefree.
• Example: Her blithe attitude towards the deadline was both refreshing and worrying.
• Meaning: Resembling a corpse; pale and ghastly.
• Example: The cadaverous appearance of the abandoned house gave it an eerie feel.
• Meaning: Given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.
• Example: His capricious decisions made it difficult for his team to anticipate his next move.
• Meaning: Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible.
• Example: The quiet environment was conducive to studying and helped her concentrate better.
• Meaning: Slow to act; intended to cause delay.
• Example: The dilatory response from the authorities led to significant frustration among the residents.
• Meaning: To conceal one’s true motives, feelings, or beliefs; to disguise or feign.
• Example: She tried to dissemble her disappointment with a smile and a polite nod.
• Meaning: Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
• Example: The scientist relied on empirical data to support his hypothesis.
• Meaning: To deliberately avoid using; abstain from.
• Example: The company decided to eschew traditional advertising methods in favor of digital marketing.
• Meaning: Soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence; quickly fading or disappearing.
• Example: The evanescent glow of the fireflies disappeared as the sun rose.
• Meaning: Appearing neat and comprehensive only by ignoring the true complexities of an issue; superficial.
• Example: His facile explanation of the problem did not address the underlying issues.
• Meaning: Overly theatrical or melodramatic in character or style.
• Example: Her histrionic reactions to minor issues often drew attention and caused concern.
• Meaning: Not feeling or showing emotion; stoic.
• Example: He remained impassive during the intense discussion, giving nothing away.
• Inscrutable
• Meaning: Impossible to understand or interpret; mysterious.
• Example: Her inscrutable expression left everyone wondering what she was truly thinking.
• Meaning: Having a particular habit or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
• Example: He is an inveterate gambler, always returning to the casino despite repeated losses.
• Meaning: Not explicit or done in a direct way; slanting or inclined.
• Example: Her oblique comments during the meeting made it clear that she was unhappy with the decision.
• Meaning: To make a situation less severe or unpleasant without removing the cause.
• Example: The doctor prescribed medication to palliate the symptoms of the chronic illness.
• Meaning: Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong; repentant.
• Example: The penitent thief confessed to his crimes and sought forgiveness from those he had wronged.
• Perspicuous
• Meaning: Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
• Example: Her perspicuous explanation of the complex topic made it accessible to all the students.
• Prevaricate
• Meaning: To speak or act in an evasive way; to be deliberately vague or misleading.
• Example: When asked about the missing funds, he prevaricated, avoiding a direct answer.
• Meaning: Spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.
• Example: The young heir was known for his prodigal lifestyle, squandering his inheritance on lavish parties.
• Meaning: Little known or obscure; involving complex or difficult subject matter.
• Example: The professor’s lecture on quantum mechanics was filled with recondite concepts that puzzled most students.
• Meaning: Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
• Example: The report was filled with redundant information that did not add value to the discussion.
• Meaning: Health-giving; healthy.
• Example: The mountain air was considered salubrious, and many people traveled there for its health benefits.
• Meaning: Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having strong moral principles.
• Example: Her scrupulous attention to detail ensured that every aspect of the project was completed to the highest standard.
• Meaning: Making or characterized by a hissing sound; sounding like “s” or “sh.”
• Example: The sibilant tones of the snake’s hiss could be heard from a distance.
• Sycophantic
• Meaning: Behaving or done in an obsequious way to gain advantage; flattering in a servile manner.
• Example: His sycophantic remarks towards his boss were obvious and only served to make him seem insincere.
• Tautological
• Meaning: Redundant or repetitive, often by repeating the same thing in different words.
• Example: The statement “free gift” is tautological because a gift is inherently free.
• Meaning: Holding fast; persistent and determined.
• Example: Her tenacious spirit was evident in her relentless pursuit of justice for her clients.
• Meaning: Overused and consequently of little import; lacking originality.
• Example: The movie’s plot was filled with trite clichés that made it predictable and dull.
• Meaning: To raise something to a higher position; to improve or make more positive.
• Example: The community’s efforts to clean up the park were intended to uplift the neighborhood’s morale.
• Meaning: Showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless.
• Example: His vacuous comments during the debate revealed his lack of understanding of the topic.
• Meaning: Using more words than needed; wordy.
• Example: The professor’s verbose explanation left the students more confused than enlightened.
• Meaning: Subject to rapid and unpredictable change; likely to explode or become violent.
• Example: The situation in the conflict zone was volatile, with frequent outbreaks of violence.
• Meaning: Playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way.
• Example: The whimsical decorations in the café gave it a charming and unique atmosphere.
• Meaning: A gentle, mild breeze.
• Example: A soft zephyr blew through the open window, bringing a hint of spring into the room.
• Meaning: The highest point in the development of something; a culmination or climax.
• Example: The artist’s final masterpiece was seen as the apotheosis of his career, showcasing his greatest talents.
• Meaning: Appropriate or suitable; with reference to; concerning.
• Example: Her comments were apropos of the discussion, adding valuable insights into the topic at hand.
• Meaning: To charm or enchant someone, often in a deceptive way.
• Example: The con artist used flattery to beguile his victims into trusting him with their money.
• Meaning: To secretly allow or conspire to occur, often something illegal or immoral.
• Example: The officials were accused of conniving to cover up the corruption scandal.
• Meaning: To make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful act.
• Example: The group conspired to overthrow the government, plotting their actions in secret meetings.
• Meaning: Careful and prudent in one’s speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential.
• Example: She was discreet about the sensitive information, ensuring that it did not leak to the public.
• Meaning: Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
• Example: The company’s hegemony in the tech industry allowed it to set trends and influence market practices.
• Meaning: Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong; flawless.
• Example: The expert’s infallible advice was trusted by everyone in the industry.
• Interlocutor
• Meaning: A person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation.
• Example: The interlocutor in the debate presented compelling arguments that challenged the other participants.
• Meaning: Surprised and confused so much that one is unsure how to react.
• Example: She was nonplussed by the unexpected turn of events, not knowing how to respond.
• Meaning: Using or containing too many words; tediously lengthy.
• Example: His prolix writing style made the article tedious to read and difficult to follow.
• Meaning: To edit text for publication, often by censoring or obscuring sensitive information.
• Example: The confidential report was redacted to remove sensitive details before it was released to the public.
• Verisimilitude
• Meaning: The appearance of being true or real; authenticity.
• Example: The film’s verisimilitude was enhanced by its detailed sets and realistic dialogue.
• Meaning: Filled with bitter criticism or malice; caustic.
• Example: The critic’s review was vitriolic, attacking the author’s work with harsh and venomous language.

List of Advanced/Proficient English vocabulary

Table of Contents

• Advanced Words That Start With A
• Advanced Words That Start With C
• Advanced Words That Start With E
• Advanced Words That Start With G
• Advanced Words That Start With I
• Advanced Words That Start With K
• Advanced Words That Start With M
• Advanced Words That Start With O
• Advanced Words That Start With Q
• Advanced Words That Start With S
• Advanced Words That Start With U
• Advanced Words That Start With W
• Advanced Words That Start With Y
• Advanced Words That Start With B
• Advanced Words That Start With D
• Advanced Words That Start With F
• Advanced Words That Start With H
• Advanced Words That Start With J
• Advanced Words That Start With L
• Advanced Words That Start With N
• Advanced Words That Start With P
• Advanced Words That Start With R
• Advanced Words That Start With T
• Advanced Words That Start With V
• Advanced Words That Start With X
• Advanced Words That Start With Z

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Useful phrases for your essays (advanced level)

Here you have some useful phrases for your essays (advanced level). Hope you like it and find it useful !!

Introducing the phenomenon to be discussed

• More and more families are choosing to have only one child.
• The trend nowadays is towards having smaller families.
• Over the past ten years or so the media have frequently carried reports of ……………
• Recent research indicates that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing.
• Hardly a week goes by without another report of …………….. appearing in the media.
• This raises the issue of whether ……………..
• Although most people would generally agree that …………… few would deny that …………….

Stating your opinion

• As I see it,
• It seems to me that ………… I would also say that ….
• I am convinced that ……………
• I am inclined to believe that ………………
• There is no doubt in my mind that ………………
• One of the drawbacks of ……. is ……….
• However, one of the benefits is that …………

Changing topic

• As regards the causes for this, …………..
• Concerning the causes for this, ………
• As for the causes, ………..

Presenting arguments

• One justification often given for ……….. is that……………..
• Advocates/Proponents would claim that ………………
• Those who object to …………….. often argue that ……………….
• Another objection is that ……
• However, it should not be forgotten that …………..
• ……….. are opposed to ……………. on the grounds that ……………..
• From the point of view of ……………..
• According to ………………..

Describing causes

• One factor which has led to ………… is …………..
• One of the factors which has brought this about is ………
• The problem often stems from ………………..
• The situation has been exacerbated by …………….
• ………….. has only made the situation worse.
• One consequence of ……………. is …………….

Proposing steps and measures

• As regards the most appropriate response to this situation, one suggestion would be to ………
• The first step to be taken would be to ……..
• To alleviate the situation people should ………..
• In addition they ought to ……………
• To begin to tackle this situation society/individuals/the government need/s to ……….
• ………….. would certainly ameliorate the situation.
• This can only be dealt with if …………
• To overcome this problem, …………..
• Were the government to ……………, the situation would doubtless improve.
• Individuals can do a great deal to …………
• The burden of responsiblity lies in the hands of ……..
• It is vitally important that ………
• Legislation should be introduced to control ……………..
• It would be a grave error if we ……………..
• All in all it seems to me that ………..
• The obvious conclusion to be drawn is that …………………..
• All things considered, ………….
• On balance, I tend to believe that …………
• The world would surely be a better place to live in if …………..
• If people stopped ….ing, we would have/ we could look forward to a ……………
• The prospects for the future will be bleak/grim unless ……………….

I think you should also have a few pages somewhere where you can keep a record of other useful essay phrases that you come across in your reading. Write them down and practise using them in your own writing.

Look out for more advanced expressions that you can use in place of phrases that weren’t even impressive at the B2 level – phrases like “solve the problem”. Here are a few alternative problem and solution phrases to get you going.:

a  crisis  in education which must be  addressed

something that must  be tackled  /  be dealt with

a  challenge  which must  be met

something must be done  to restore  law and order in the inner cities

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, intelligent words to use in essays.

I want to make my essays more sophisticated and impressive. Can you guys suggest some intelligent words or phrases that I can incorporate into my writing? Thanks in advance!

It's important to remember that while using elevated vocabulary can add sophistication to your essays, the focus should be on effectively conveying your ideas and maintaining cohesiveness. With that in mind, here are some words and phrases to consider:

1. Ubiquitous - Found everywhere; prevalent.

2. Disparate - Essentially different; distinct.

3. Ephemeral - Lasting for a very short time.

4. Equivocate - To avoid making a clear commitment by being intentionally ambiguous.

5. Esoteric - Understood by only a select few with specialized knowledge.

6. Ineffable - Too great or extreme to be expressed in words.

7. Disseminate - To spread information or ideas widely.

8. Antithesis - The direct opposite of something; a contrast.

9. Myriad - Countless; innumerable.

10. Precipitate - To bring about, especially abruptly.

Phrases to enhance your writing:

1. In lieu of - Instead of.

2. On the contrary - Used to introduce a point that differs from what has just been said.

3. Apropos - With reference to; concerning.

4. Ergo - Therefore; as a result.

5. A fortiori - Used to indicate that a conclusion is even more obvious or more evident from an argument.

Remember, it's crucial to use these words and phrases in the proper context to enhance your writing rather than simply including them for the sake of appearing sophisticated. Overusing or misusing advanced vocabulary can make your essays hard to understand and may harm the overall quality. Good luck with your writing!

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• How to write a C1 Advanced Essay

• Posted on 26/02/2020
• Categories: Blog
• Tags: C1 Advanced , Cambridge Exams , Writing

The Cambridge C1 Advanced is an excellent qualification to aim for if you’re thinking of studying or working abroad. It’s recognised by universities and governments all over the world and also helps you prove your language skills to future employers.

One of the most demanding parts of the exam is Part 1 of the Writing paper, which includes writing an essay. For many of you, this won’t come naturally… especially in another language.

So, to give you the best chance at success, we’ve created this in-depth guide full of Cambridge C1 Advanced Writing tips and useful language to get you producing excellent essays in no time.

So, pick up your pen, and let’s get started!

If you’d like to get more help with the C1 Advanced, consider our exam preparation class!

C1 Advanced Writing Requirements

The C1 Advanced Writing exam has two writing parts, which you must complete in 90 minutes. Both parts have a word limit of between 220-260 words. We recommend getting lots of writing practice under these conditions!

Part 1 is always a discursive essay . It requires you to think about arguments for and against a topic.

Part 2 is a situationally based writing task. This could be a letter , an email , a report , a proposal or a review and you have three options to choose from.

Today, we’ll be looking at how to do your best in part 1.

Before you begin

When you turn over the paper and begin Writing Part 1, take some time to read the task instructions. Identify all parts of the question, underlining which parts are obligatory and noting which parts are optional.

Let’s take a look at an example question!

Remember, you don’t have to use the opinions expressed in the box, but they may help you to get the ball rolling . Also, you only have to talk about two of the options given, not all three.

Make a plan

Take ten minutes to lay out your ideas. Make a pros and cons list for each of the three options and then decide which two you feel most confident with. Here’s some things you might come up with, can you think of any more?

Structure your essay

The essence of a good essay is a clear structure.

Introduction

Here you want to introduce the topic in your own words. Your first line should also grab the reader’s attention, then you should paraphrase the question. Finally, try using a statistic or a rhetorical question. This will make them want to read on, right?

Paragraph 1

Discuss the first option you’ve chosen. Include a good topic sentence and remember to give reasons for your answer. Describe some of the advantages, and even some of the disadvantages too. This will give a well-balanced argument.

Paragraph 2

Here’s where you introduce the second option. Again, try to present both sides of the argument and give reasons for your ideas. Gradually work towards the conclusion.

State your final opinion. This should be a summary of the rest of the essay and point clearly to which option you think is the most important. Do not introduce any new arguments at this stage. The conclusion is where you tie-up any loose ends .

This is an advanced piece of writing, so make sure your choice of language reflects it. You will get marked for accuracy, however, occasional errors can still be present as long as they do not impede understanding. So don’t play it too safe . This is your opportunity to show what you can do, so take some risks and have fun with it!

In the writing paper you should use a range of vocabulary, including less common lexis. Brainstorm some vocabulary related to the topic. Take your time to think of nouns and compound nouns that you know at C1 level. Really let your vocabulary sparkle .

No one likes a broken record . Find synonyms for simple words. You want to use a variety of language, and try not to repeat yourself too much. Check out these different ways of saying the same thing:

advantage = benefit, positive, upside

disadvantage = downside, drawback

effect = influence, impact, result, outcome

problem = issue, challenge, difficulty, obstacle, setback, complication

important = valuable, essential, beneficial

expensive = costly, dear, high-priced, extortionate

cheap = inexpensive, affordable, economical

big = great, large, sizeable, considerable, wide, vast

small = slight, tiny, little

Quick tip: Visit Thesaurus.com to study more synonyms!

Experiment with different grammatical forms. At this level you’re expected to have a good grasp on the grammar. You should use a range of simple and complex grammatical forms with control and flexibility. So challenge yourself with some of these…

• Participle clauses
• Conditionals
• Modal verbs
• Passive with reporting verbs
• Cleft sentences
• Comparatives
• Relative clauses

Useful expressions

To make your essay flow it’s best to use some key phrases. These will link all your ideas together, and help it sound semi-formal. Take a look at the expressions below. Why not use some in your next essay?

Introduction:

It is often said that…

Many people feel that…

We live in an age when..

More and more…

Introducing & Addition:

Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

On the one hand…

In addition…

What is more…

For example…

For instance…

As a case in point…

Contrasting:

In contrast…

On the other hand…

Alternatively…

However…

Conclusion:

All things considered…

As far as I’m concerned…

In light of the above…

What the examiners are looking for

When writing your essay, bear in mind what you’ll be marked on:

Have you answered all parts of the question? Is everything relevant to the question?

Communicative Achievement

Is the style and tone appropriate? Remember it should be semi-formal and neutral.

Organisation

Does it follow a logical order? Have you used paragraphs and linking devices?

Are you using a variety of grammar and vocabulary? Is it accurate?

Now your masterpiece has come together. Remember to take time to check your work. Here’s the official Writing Checklist from Cambridge Assessment English . And our list of the most common mistakes:

• subject + verb agreement
• singulars / plurals
• question formation
• variety of tenses
• dependent prepositions

Some final tips

Avoid contractions (I’m, they’re, we’re) as this is a formal writing.

Don’t use first person pronouns (I, my, our, us).

Practise under timed conditions.

Use model answers to practise fixed expressions.

——

Looking for more help with your Cambridge C1 Advanced exam? Here are our other guides from our blog:

C1 Advanced Reading and Use of English – Part 1 , Part 2 , Part 3

And if you are not sure if you’re ready for the C1 Advanced, check out our article Am I ready for the C1 Advanced exam? to find out!

Glossary for Language Learners

Find the following words in the article and then write down any new ones you didn’t know.

Get the ball rolling (exp) : to start something.

Lay out (v): to explain something in detail.

Paraphrase (v): to say the same thing in a different way.

Tie-up any loose ends (exp): to resolve issues.

Play it safe (exp): to act cautiously.

A broken record (exp): when someone repeats themself.

Sparkle (v) : to shine.

Good grasp (exp): a good knowledge.

Bear in mind (exp) : to consider.

Masterpiece (n): an incredible work of art.

exp = expression

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Small Talk For Business English

• By: oxfordadmin
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Knowing what articles are and when to use them in English can be difficult for language learners to pick up. Especially ... Read More

Are you preparing for ? Reading and Use of English Part 4 may not be your cup of tea – in fact most students feel quit... Read More

Passing B2 First Part 3: Readi

Are you studying for the B2 First exam? You’re in the right place! In this series of blogs we want to show you al... Read More

8 new English words you need f

New words spring up each year! They often come from popular culture, social and political issues, and innovations in tec... Read More

7 of the Best Apps for Learnin

If you find yourself commuting often and spending a lot of time on the bus, you’ll most likely turn towards playing ga... Read More

The B2 First is one of the most popular English exams for students of English. It is a recognised qualification that can... Read More

4 Different Types Of Modal Ver

What are modal verbs? They are not quite the same as regular verbs such as play, walk and swim. Modal verbs are a type o... Read More

So you’ve decided to take the ! Formerly known as FCE or the First Certificate, this is by far most popular exam. Whe... Read More

Useful Expressions For Negotia

A lot of our global business is conducted in English. So, there’s a strong chance you may have to learn how to negotia... Read More

Passing C1 Advanced Part 8: Re

If you’re wondering how to do Part 8 of the Reading and Use of English paper, you’re in the right place! After s... Read More

The Difference Between IELTS G

You’ve probably heard of . It’s the world’s leading test for study, work and migration after all. And as the world... Read More