case study on repair and rehabilitation of structures

Repairs and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures: Case Studies

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• Shekhar Panandiker 12 ,
• Neena Panandikar 13 &
• Celestan Braganza 12  

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Concrete is a very versatile material and the most widely used all over the world. Concrete deteriorates if not handled properly. This deterioration leads to repairs and rehabilitation of concrete structures. This paper makes an attempt to discuss and highlight some of these issues.

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Shekhar Panandiker & Associates, Margao, Goa, India

Shekhar Panandiker & Celestan Braganza

Don Bosco College of Engineering, Margao, 403602, Goa, India

Neena Panandikar

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Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Bibhuti Bhusan Das

Civil Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK

Sreejith V. Nanukuttan

Civil Egineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

Anil K. Patnaik

Civil Engineering, Don Bosco College of Engineering, Fatorda, Goa, India

Neena Shekhar Panandikar

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Panandiker, S., Panandikar, N., Braganza, C. (2021). Repairs and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures: Case Studies. In: Das, B.B., Nanukuttan, S.V., Patnaik, A.K., Panandikar, N.S. (eds) Recent Trends in Civil Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 105. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8293-6_11

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Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures (Structural Engineering Documents) SED 12 Edition

• ISBN-10 3857481242
• ISBN-13 978-3857481246
• Edition SED 12
• Publisher International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE)
• Publication date November 1, 2010
• Language English
• Dimensions 6.69 x 0.43 x 9.45 inches
• Print length 190 pages
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE); SED 12 edition (November 1, 2010)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 190 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3857481242
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3857481246
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 14.4 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.69 x 0.43 x 9.45 inches

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• Civil Engineering
• NOC:Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure (Video) 
• Co-ordinated by : IIT Kharagpur
• Available from : 2021-10-28
• Intro Video
• Lecture 01 : Introduction
• Lecture 02 : Causes of Deterioration
• Lecture 03 : Materials Related Distresses
• Lecture 04 : Materials Related Distresses (Contd.)
• Lecture 05 : Other Distresses in Concrete
• Lecture 06 : Load Associated Distresses
• Lecture 07 : Identification of Distresses
• Lecture 08 : Semi - destructive Testing
• Lecture 09 : Non - destructive Tests
• Lecture 10 : Non - destructive Tests (Contd.)
• Lecture 11 : Other Tests
• Lecture 12 : Considerations for Repair and Retrofitting
• Lecture 13 : Repair Techniques
• Lecture 14 : Repair Techniques(Contd.)
• Lecture 15 : Repair Techniques(Contd.)
• Lecture 16 : Strengthening of Structural Components
• Lecture 17 : Strengthening of Structural Components(Contd.)
• Lecture 18 : Introduction to Composites, Types and Characteristics
• Lecture 19 : Properties of Fibers, Resins and FRP Composite
• Lecture 20 : Micromechanics of Composites
• Lecture 21 : Micromechanics of Composites(Contd.)
• Lecture 22 : Manufacturing of FRP Composites
• Lecture 23 : FRPC in Flexural Strengthening of Structural Members-I
• Lecture 24 : FRPC in Flexural Strengthening of Structural Members-II
• Lecture 25 : FRPC in Shear Strengthening of Structural Members
• Lecture 26 : FRPC in Axial Strengthening of Structural Members - I
• Lecture 27 : FRPC in Axial Strengthening of Structural Members-II
• Lecture 28: Near Surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement
• Lecture 29: FRPC in Strengthening of Beam-Column Joints
• Lecture 30: Anchorage Systems for FRP Strengthening
• Lecture 31: Installation of FRP
• Lecture 32: Design Considerations
• Lecture 33 : Design Approach for Flexural Strengthening
• Lecture 34 : Design of Flexural Strengthening
• Lecture 35 : Design Approach for Shear Strengthening
• Lecture 36 : Design of Shear Strengthening
• Lecture 37 : Design Approach for Axial Strengthening
• Lecture 38 : Design of Axial Strengthening
• Lecture 39 : Concepts of Concrete Overlay
• Lecture 40 : Distresses in Existing Pavement
• Lecture 41 : Evaluation of Pavement
• Lecture 42 : Design Considerations for Concrete Overlay
• Lecture 43 : Construction of Concrete Overlay
• Lecture 44 : Introduction
• Lecture 45 : Retrofitting Steps
• Lecture 46 : Review of Materials and Test Methods
• Lecture 47 : Review of Analysis Method
• Lecture 48 : Some aspects of Seismic Retrofitting
• Lecture 49 : Introduction
• Lecture 50 : A Few Retrofitting Techniques
• Lecture 51 : A Few Seismic Retrofitting Techniques
• Lecture 52 : Introduction
• Lecture 53 : Retrofitting steps and Techniques
• Lecture 54 : Retrofitting Techniques for Structural Elements
• Lecture 55 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements (Contd.)
• Lecture 56 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements (Contd.)
• Lecture 57 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements (Contd.)
• Lecture 58 : Seismic Strengthening of structural elements
• Lecture 59 : Introduction and Overview
• Lecture 60 : Retrofitting of Structural Members
• Lecture 61 : Introduction
• Lecture 62 : A case study of Retrofitting
• Lecture 63 : A case study of Retrofitting (contd.)
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Experimental and analytical study on non-damaged reinforcement method for pipe rack steel structures.

1. Introduction

2. experimental research plan, 3. experimental results, 4. fea model presentation, 5. variable analysis, 6. conclusions.

• Experiments were conducted on specimens representing the actual size of beam–column joints used in industrial complexes. Five specimens were tested: one unreinforced specimen, three specimens reinforced with H-beams, and one specimen reinforced with steel bars. The H-beam specimens were tested with varying axial forces and H-beam sizes. The results showed that larger H-beams and higher axial forces led to a maximum strength enhancement of 1.78 times. The reinforcement using steel bars achieved a maximum strength enhancement of 1.22 times, but it was less effective compared with the H-beam reinforcement method.
• The experiment confirmed that the reinforcement method using H-beams had the best performance. Consequently, a computational analysis was conducted to evaluate this method further. The analysis was performed using the general-purpose finite element analysis software Abaqus 2022. The first step was to validate the reliability of the finite element model based on experimental results. For the unreinforced specimen, the finite element analysis results were highly consistent with the experimental data. However, for the reinforced specimens, the results varied significantly depending on the contact elements. Since the contact between surfaces in the actual experiments was not purely frictional, the friction coefficient was adjusted to increase the similarity to the experimental results. Ultimately, it was found that a friction coefficient of 0.2 yielded results similar to those observed in the experiments.
• Additional parametric analyses were conducted on the tension and member size using the validated finite element model of the reinforcement method. The results indicated that while the stiffness and strength increased with tension, the increases were negligible beyond a certain level of tension. Additionally, the yielding of the reinforcement plate due to increased tension suggested that a tension of 80 kN is safe for this reinforcement method. As the size of the members increased, the internal forces on the reinforcement members also increased, leading to greater stiffness and strength.
• This reinforcement method is considered highly suitable for strengthening structures in industrial complexes. In such environments, even minor displacements can lead to significant accidents. Traditional reinforcement methods, such as welding or drilling, can increase the risk of accidents. However, using this reinforcement method can reduce the likelihood of such incidents while ensuring sufficient strength enhancement. It is important to note, however, that the effectiveness of this method is highly sensitive to the bolt axial force, and this factor must be carefully considered.
• This study describes the reinforcement effect of the proposed method. Further research is needed to investigate various factors such as the size of existing members and reinforcement components. Ultimately, in future research, we aim to propose design methods utilizing this reinforcement method.

Author Contributions

Data availability statement, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.

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Share and Cite

Lee, J.-S.; Shin, K.-J.; Woo, J.-H. Experimental and Analytical Study on Non-Damaged Reinforcement Method for Pipe Rack Steel Structures. Buildings 2024 , 14 , 2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092637

Lee J-S, Shin K-J, Woo J-H. Experimental and Analytical Study on Non-Damaged Reinforcement Method for Pipe Rack Steel Structures. Buildings . 2024; 14(9):2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092637

Lee, Jun-Seop, Kyung-Jae Shin, and Jong-Hun Woo. 2024. "Experimental and Analytical Study on Non-Damaged Reinforcement Method for Pipe Rack Steel Structures" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092637

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Repair and Rehabilitation of Structures

This paper deals with the latest techniques in repair and rehabilitation of structures. The various causes of structural failure and the principles of rehabilitation of structures are discussed. Major repair that are to be carried out in Brick walls, Plaster walls and RCC members are explained in detail and an in-depth analysis into Reinforced Cement Concrete repair options like Shotcrete method (Guniting) and Form and Pump Method. The paper also deals with the comparatively new Form and Pump technique developed for the past 10 years are discussed.

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Julio Saire

This book tries to collect the main ideas, techniques, and methods used by these prominent engineers in order to repair and rehab the large variety of structures. Furthermore, this book presents study cases of rehabilitation of structures such as bridges, buildings, garages, hotels and other exciting kind of structures. What is more, the book discuss about different types of construction as Pre-stressing, Post-tensioning, Cast-in-place, Pre-cast.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology IJRASET

IJRASET Publication

Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) as a construction material has come into use for the last one century. In India, RCC has been used extensively in the last 50-60years.During this period, we have created large number of infrastructural assets in terms of buildings, bridges, sports stadium etc., which are lifeline for the civilized society. These have been created with huge investment of resources. We cannot even dream of recreating such assets out of limited national resources. It is there more essential to maintain them in functional condition. Since, deterioration of RCC is a natural phenomenon and has started exhibiting in large number of structures, a systematic approach is needed in dealing with such problems. Identification of the causes of deterioration and consequent repair/rehabilitation strategy at optimum cost needs a scientific evaluation and solution. It has been observed that the deterioration phenomena of RCC are not realized by majority of practicing civil engineers. As a result, the factors considered necessary for durability of RCC buildings are many times not given due importance during construction and/or during maintenance. I. INTRODUCTION As the human body becomes deteriorated upon ageing after a certain period of time, then there is important that problem can be remedied by taking necessary actions and preventive steps at the appropriate time. This is exactly the case with buildings. As time passes, the condition of buildings also becomes deteriorated due to various factors. Rehabilitation of structures is a multidisciplinary activity. The concerned engineer or the concerned faculty should know the design aspects, environmental factors, construction procedure, and about building materials and the other things. The rehabilitation of existing structures is a more complicated, difficult as well as sophisticated task than new construction. Thus, some numbers of non-destructive, partially destructive and destructive techniques in the existing RCC structures are used for evaluation of concrete structure and to predict and analyze the cause of deterioration of the concrete. To overcome the ill effects caused by these deteriorated buildings Repair and Rehabilitation works are carried out from periodic time. Many of the existing structures were designed with the help of codes that have since been modified and upgraded. Concrete constructions require proper care in the form of regular maintenance. If buildings remain for several years with im proper attention and negligence then, various factors like water clogging, paint peeling, plaster break-off, fungus and other organic growth, cracking and creeping of external surfaces will affect the structure.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

Cement concrete reinforced with steel bars is an extremely popular construction material. One major flaw, namely its susceptibility to environmental attack, can severely reduce the strength and life of these structures. External reinforcement using steel plates have been used in earlier attempts to rehabilitate these structures. The most important problem that limited their wider application is corrosion.

GRD JOURNALS

Buildings and other structures have a certain useful life, which depends on the specifications adopted. The large numbers of monuments, which are cherished heritage structures have stood well over a period of time. But some of these have shown signs of distress due to age, aggressive natural environment/industrial pollution etc. Further, distress gets aggravated due to overloading and misuse of buildings. A few Buildings have also failed due to faulty design or construction. The various causes of structural failure and the principles of rehabilitation of structures are discussed. In the structures, the cracks are generated due to different causes e.g. in some cases cracks are caused after the structure has been completed for a few years which results in shortening of life and strength of structure. The main criteria is how to repair a reinforced concrete elements of structures and for this the skills, knowledge, and experience required to repair damaged or deteriorated structures are decidedly different from those required to build new structures. The purpose of this paper is to justify the latest techniques, advanced materials and various requirements of repairing work to obstruct the deterioration which is necessary and economical than to reconstruct the building.

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International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)

IJERT Journal

https://www.ijert.org/repair-rehabilitation-and-retrofitting-of-reinforced-concrete-structures https://www.ijert.org/research/repair-rehabilitation-and-retrofitting-of-reinforced-concrete-structures-IJERTCONV9IS01008.pdf Repair, rehabilitation is very important in any construction of structure. Due to aging and life increasing of the structure, it is subjected to repairs. Repairs leads to damage and failure of structure. So, in order to prevent damages and repairs in the structures these are very useful. These are achieved by selection of suitable methods and proper construction and maintenance of the structure. By using suitable retrofitting methods, we can minimize the losses and damages in the construction of reinforced cement concrete structures. Proper supervision is required for maintenance. Regular inspection and periodical inspections are plays very good role in strengthening of the structure. Repairs are done by using suitable methods. These are used to increase the durability of the structure but not in the form of strength aspects. Rehabilitation done before construction of structure to strengthening of structural elements. Retrofitting is done after construction of the structure to strengthening the structure. These are used to prevent and withstand the upcoming defects like earthquakes etc. these are used to improve strength at during construction stage and as well after construction stages. The minor defects are fixed easily by using resin injection or grouting or any other suitable methods and the main problem is to deal the major defects. It takes more time to set. So, repair and rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures are needed for every structure to continue the structure in economical point of view and prevent damages. It is also helping to maintain a structure in good condition and good performance as well. To improve strength aspect and as well as performance aspect and functional utility of structure.

IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology

In present era, there are so many buildings which collapse fully or partially due to lake of maintenance, improper construction method and material or even due to earthquake. They need repairing to make them safe. Repair are always neglected or delayed by many people in most of building owing to lack of awareness and financial ability and so it leads to major hazards. Hence, it is needed proper repair and reconstruction application. In this project we have more focus on repairing on building which have required maintenance, because most of problem occurs after certain life of building. In addition, we have also focus on repairing of that sort of structure which have more than of their certain life and which has affected by some disaster like earthquake, flood, etc. At last, we will suggest some useful innovative materials and its application, how to apply on damage part, which would ultimately improve the strength of the structure.

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different advanced techniques in repair of structures.

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