Betkerur J. Guidelines for writing a research project synopsis or protocol. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74:687-690
"Success is often the result of taking a mis - step in the right direction. "
Al Bernstein
A protocol or a synopsis of a research project is a document submitted to an authority or an institution for the purpose of
Synopsis is the gist of your planned project submitted for approval from competent authorities. It gives a panoramic view of your research for quick analysis by the reviewers.
Thus, a protocol or a synopsis forms an integral part of a research project or a thesis. Many universities have made it mandatory for the postgraduate degree student to prepare a thesis as a part of their postgraduate training. A good knowledge about how a protocol or a synopsis is written is imperative to all people involved in medical research.
Literally, protocol (Greek word, protokollon - first page) means a format procedure for carrying out a scientific research. Synopsis (Greek word, sun - together, opsis - seeing) means brief summary of something. Frequently, both the terms are used as synonyms but the term ′synopsis′ is used more often.
A synopsis should be constructed in a manner that facilitates the reviewer to understand the research project at a glance. It should be brief but precise. A synopsis can be structured in the following manner:
Title The title of the research project should be brief but informative; sensationalization of the title is best avoided. It should neither be too short nor too long. Any name of the institution, the number of cases to be studied should not be included. The hypothesis to be studied can be included.
a. "Study of ectopic pregnancy"
This was a title chosen for university registration. The title is too short. It does not state the problem or the hypothesis and is least informative. More meaningful title shall be, "Study of ectopic pregnancy in relation to morbidity, mortality, and intervention in a referral hospital".
b. "A novel sustained release matrix based on biodegradable poly (esteramides) and, impregnated with bacteriophages and an antibiotic shows promise in management of infected venous stasis ulcer and other poorly healing wounds", (Int. J Dermat vol 8 2002). The title is long and ill conceived. It gives a confusing picture about the study problem. Such long titles are best avoided. Certain amount of sensationalization is also present by using term ′novel′. More meaningful title shall be, "Response of venous stasis ulcers and other poorly healing wounds to a biodegradable matrix impregnated with bacteriophages and an antibiotic". The other details about the new method can be mentioned while stating the problem.
c. "Fine needle aspiration, as a diagnostic tool for papulonodular skin lesions". This is an acceptable, informative, and precise title. It states the hypothesis correctly.
Statement of the problem or hypothesis The problem being studied should be mentioned in precise and clear terms. Understanding the problem aids the researcher in constructing the research proposal. It also allows the person to formulate the hypothesis. The problem under study should be relevant to the present. A brief account of its utility at the local or national level has to be discussed. The present status of the problem and the necessity for taking up the study needs to be mentioned.
Hypothesis is mentioned as a tentative prediction or explanation of the relationship between two or more variables. Hypothesis should not be a haphazard guess but should reflect the knowledge, imagination, and experience of the investigator. Hypothesis can be formulated by understanding the problem, reviewing the literature on it, and considering other factors. A researcher can state the problem and the hypothesis in about 200 words covering all the aspects described above.
Aims and objectives All research projects should have objectives and aims and every effort should be made to achieve them. The objectives and aims should be only a few (2-3). They must pertain to the study problem. Usages of terms like "first study", "the only study", etc. should be avoided.
Review of literature Review of literature is a very important part of a research project. It achieves the following:
The review of literature in a synopsis need not be exhaustive. The relevant information should be covered in about 300 words quoting 8-10 authentic, easily retrievable references. Literature can be reviewed by using various scientific-information-gathering methods. These are journals, national or international; bulletins of organizations like WHO, CDC, and ICMR; books; computer-assisted searches like Medline and Medlar; and personal communications with other researchers. Internet provides a vast avenue for information gathering. Care must be taken to retrieve only relevant information. In this era of information technology review of literature is literally "just a click away".
Research methodology In a synopsis the research methodology adopted should be mentioned in about 150-200 words. The research methodology forms the core of the research project. The methodology should cover the following aspects:
Study settings
Study design The methodology starts with selection of study design. A single study design or a combination can be selected e.g.:
Descriptive designs
Cross-sectional study or survey
Epidemiological description of disease occurrence
Community diagnosis
Study of natural history of a disease
Observational analytical designs
Prospective study
Retrospective study
Follow-up study
Experimental designs
Animal studies
Therapeutic clinical trials - drugs
Prophylactic clinical trials- vaccines
Field trials
Operational designs
A mention about the research setting should be made. This includes information about the institution, facilities available, time of study, and population of study.
Sampling Sampling is selecting a sample of appropriate size for the study. The sample size depends on the study design. The study population can be population of cases, population of people, or population of recipients of certain treatment.
There are many methods for sampling like simple random, systemic and stratified sampling, cluster sampling, etc. Care should be taken to ensure that the sample size is adequate to produce meaningful results. The sample size should be adequate to apply all relevant tests of statistical significance. The samples should be representative of the population and should be reliable. This minimizes sampling errors.
Variables Variables are the factors that can change. These changes can affect the outcome of a research project. Thus, it is important to identify the variables at the planning stage. They should be quantified with a measurable unit. Knowledge of the various variables in a research project will assist in refining the objectives. Usually, objectives of a research will be to see the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. There are four types of variables.
Independent variables
These are the variables that can be manipulated by the researcher and the effects of that are observed on the other variables. For example, predisposing factors, risk factors and cause.
Dependent variables
The changes occur as a result of independent variables. For example, disease and outcome.
Intervening variables
These may influence the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables. For example, while studying the response of HIV-AIDS to HAART the outcome may be influenced by the presence of antitubercular drugs.
Background variables
These are changes that are relevant in the groups or population under study. These need to be included in the study. For example, age, sex, and ethnic origin.
Controls Control groups increase the validity of the research project. They usually consist of units of same population but differ in some respects. Controls are not necessary for all research projects. As far as possible they should be used in all analytical studies, drug trials, and intervention programs.
Study methods Here the researcher will have to describe the method of data collection, which may be in the form of:
A sample of the proforma should be prepared and attached. The possible cost involved and any financial assistance received must be mentioned.
Data collection A brief note on how data are collected should be included. The information should be about:
Data analysis Data analysis is an important part of a research project. A good analysis leads to good results. The plans for data analysis should be mentioned under the following heads Statistical methods, Computer program used, and Data sorting method. A general statement "appropriate statistical methods will be used." must be avoided.
Ethical clearance Wherever necessary, ethical committee clearance from the institute should be obtained. The certificate must be attached. Ethical clearance is required in all human and animal studies.
References All references quoted in review of literature and anywhere else in the synopsis should be listed here. There are two styles for writing references, Vancouver style and Harvard style. Vancouver style is easy to follow as it depends on the numbers as quoted in text.
Official requirements A synopsis is incomplete if it does not contain the following information:
Synopsis writing is an important step in a research project. A good synopsis will give maximum information in minimum words. A well-conceived synopsis will go a long way in convincing the reviewer about the ability of the researcher to conduct the project. In cases of need for financial assistance, the request will be considered favorably. Thus, all research workers should make efforts to prepare a well-structured synopsis.
Acknowledgments
The author is thankful to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers for their permission to reproduce this article from the "Handbook on Health Professional Education" published by them. [21] [Table 1]
ed. London: Pergmon Press; 1994. | |
ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1983. | |
ed. New Delhi: 1985. | |
ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2000. | |
ISSN (Print): 0378-6323 ISSN (Online): 0973-3922
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This article was co-authored by Richard Perkins . Richard Perkins is a Writing Coach, Academic English Coordinator, and the Founder of PLC Learning Center. With over 24 years of education experience, he gives teachers tools to teach writing to students and works with elementary to university level students to become proficient, confident writers. Richard is a fellow at the National Writing Project. As a teacher leader and consultant at California State University Long Beach's Global Education Project, Mr. Perkins creates and presents teacher workshops that integrate the U.N.'s 17 Sustainable Development Goals in the K-12 curriculum. He holds a BA in Communications and TV from The University of Southern California and an MEd from California State University Dominguez Hills. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 367,672 times.
A synopsis is an in-depth summary of a written work that describes the content of that work from beginning to end. Unlike a summary, which just gives a general overview of a story, a synopsis contains all of the plot details, including the end. Typically, synopses are submitted to publishers or agents after you have written a novel, screenplay, or other long work. A good synopsis will cover the main conflict and the resolution of the story while describing the emotional development of the main character. It is important to edit your synopsis carefully, as it will usually be included as part of a larger proposal.
Put time and effort into pitch materials. "Above all, a query letter is a sales pitch and it is the single most important page an unpublished writer will ever write. It's the first impression and will either open the door or close it. It's that important, so don't mess it up. Mine took 17 drafts and two weeks to write."
To write a synopsis, start by creating an outline that includes main characters and plot points so that you can cover the narrative arc of the story. Then, in the first paragraph of your synopsis, introduce your main characters and a general summary of the entire plot, like the conflict the main character must overcome. Next, summarize the main events, like obstacles the character faced and how they overcame them, and be sure to write your synopsis in the third person. Finally, leave the reader with a resolution of the story so they know how it ends. To learn how to edit your synopsis using general guidelines, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No
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A research paper analyzes a perspective or argues a point. It is an expanded essay based on your interpretation, evaluation or argument about a certain topic.
According to Sunny Empire State College , “When you write a research paper you build upon what you know about the subject and make a deliberate attempt to find out what experts know. A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge in order to find the best possible information in that field.” Whatever type of research paper you choose to write, it should present your own ideas backed with others’ (especially experts on the field) information and data.
Every research paper has a research summary. A research summary is a brief overview of what the whole research is about. It is a professional piece of writing that describes your research to the readers. It concisely yet perfectly captures the essence of the research as a whole. You may also see What Should Be in an Executive Summary of a Report?
Having a good template for a research summary is nothing if you don’t know its importance and basic function. Before you start writing your research summary, you should first know its fundamentals on the areas you need to pay attention to such as its content, style and organization.
However, rules may vary according to your research professor’s standards. This is just the basic fundamentals on how to write your research summary. Also see Thesis Outline Examples
It is apparent that a research summary is a condensed version of the main idea of your research paper. Because of this, it is advised that the summary of your paper is written after you are done with your entire research. This is to ensure that all the added information in your research can be written in your summary as well and all of those that removed can be edited out. Here are a few steps on how to write a research summary:
It should be a fact you should know beforehand; the importance of reading your entire research paper thoroughly to write an effective research summary. Along the way, take notes of the important details and key findings that you want to highlight in your paper. This will help you organize your summary better. Remember that your research summary is a mini-paper of your study and it should contain the main ideas of your entire research.
For your first draft, focus on the content rather than the length of your summary. Your draft is your first outline on what to include in the final summary. Writing a draft ensures you write a clear, thorough and coherent summary of your research paper. Also see How to Write a Rough Outline
Within your research paper, you must identify the major points that will encourage prospective readers to go through your research paper. These major points must thoroughly and completely explain what the paper is trying to convey.
Identify the differences of the main section in your paper. Write a few sentences describing the main ideas of each section. In short, you should be able to present and thoroughly describe what each main section is focused on. It should have these basic sections:
All the information you have gathered must be then used to make your summary. Remember that your summary is just an overview of your research paper as a whole. It should be not be more than 10% of your whole paper. Also see 5 Summary Writing Examples and Samples
After establishing the basic way of writing a research summary, it is a must to write a first draft. It should follow the flow of the original paper. Here’s a few steps on how to make a first draft:
First, state the research question in the introduction of your summary. This holds the ground as to the summary’s direction. Provide an explanation why your research is interesting and how it can help your target recipients.
Second, state the hypothesis you wish to prove. This will help you and your readers stay grounded on the topic at hand.
Third, briefly discuss the methodology used in your research. Discuss and describe the procedure, materials, participants, design, etc. The analysis of your data must also be included. You may also see How to Write a Successful Thesis Proposal
Fourth, describe the results and significance of your research. And lastly, briefly discuss the key implications of your research. The results and its interpretation should directly coincide with your hypothesis.
A research paper is a formal piece of writing. Your summary should be tailored to your expected readers. Say for example the prospective readers are your classmates, so the style of your paper should be clearly understood by them.
Eliminate wordiness. Avoid using unnecessary adjectives and adverbs. Write in a way it would be easier for your readers to understand. It is common for research papers to establish a word count. Avoid elongating your sentences when it has shorter versions.
Being vague in describing and explaining the points of your paper might lead to confusion in your readers part. Use specific, concrete language when presenting results. Use reliable and specific examples and references as well. You should also use scientifically accurate language to help support your claims. Avoid informal words and adjectives to describe the results of your research.
Paraphrase the information you want to include in your research paper. Direct quoting the information you have read from a different source is not oftenly used in formal writings. To give the exact credit for the information you paraphrased, follow the citation format required by your professor.
Reread your paper and let others read it as well. This way minor errors you were not able to notice can be quickly pointed out and corrected.
Your research summary should not be more than 10 pages long or not more than 10% of your original document. This keeps your research summary concise and compact. It should be short enough for your readers to read through but long enough for you to clearly explain your study.
Avoid simply copy and pasting different parts of your paper into your summary. You should paraphrase parts that you want to include. As most research advisers read through all of your paper, it can easily be identified if you have copy-pasted parts from your research and might give you a bad grade.
Although not a requirement from your professor, catering your summary to what the readers need is sometimes required. As some studies are given out to different influential people in the field, writing a summary that caters to the readers’ necessities might be required.
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Clarity and organization.
One of the common mistakes in writing a research is publishing an unclear and unpolished summary. Bear in mind that your readers are likely reading about the topic of your research for the first time, avoid unclear and uncertain explanations and a disorganized summary.
Use precise and strong words to help strengthen the foundation of your summary. Your summary should be able to stand alone despite it being a part of the research paper. Once you have convinced your readers with the recommendations regarding the topic of your paper, the readers should be able to find concrete evidence and explanations within your summary. Avoid pleas and biased statements in your summary, but make sure you are able to relay the sense of urgency for the recommendations you have given.
To make things easier for you, divide your paper into different sections and headings, much like creating an outline. With this in mind, every point should be explained limited to its essence. In this way, you avoid writing too much information about your paper in your summary.
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In the beginning, we can say that a summary is a brief, compact overview of the main points in a longer document. The purpose is to give readers an idea of what’s in the full-length document without reading it all & how to write synopsis. A synopsis for thesis can be a shorter version of your document that’s designed to give readers an overview of your ideas and conclusions. A research proposal is a formal document that outlines the scope and direction of an academic study or research project. It includes a plan for how you will collect data and analyze it, as well as how you will present your results with un understanding the difference between research proposal and synopsis
Synopsis vs Research Proposal
A synopsis is a short form of your full research proposal and is just the introduction to the report. It convinces readers that you understand their problem and can provide a solution.
A research proposal is a detailed plan of how you will conduct your study. The research proposal includes a study design, which includes the specific questions that need to be answered, sampling strategy, data collection methods, analysis plan and reporting format.
A synopsis for thesis is a brief, concise description of your paper. With learning how to write synopsis, communicate the main ideas and arguments in your paper and to tell someone else what you’re going to say. A good synopsis is a way for you to organize your ideas before you write the whole thing, and it helps others determine if they want to read further.
A synopsis for thesis is a summary of your article. It should be written in the following format:
Research Proposal – It is a document in which you state your thesis and goals, along with the method and rationale for your research. A thesis statement is the single most important part of a research proposal. It should be clear, concise, and specific.
The main purpose of this proposal is to get funding for your research. The proposal should also demonstrate how well-equipped you are to do the research.
This proposal aims to develop a new way of understanding the world through a systematic and comprehensive analysis of how society learns about the world.
This paper will focus on how people make sense of the w around them by using tools such as languages, maps, technology and science, thereby contributing to our ability to understand our surroundings.
The basic difference between a research proposal and a synopsis is that the former is more in-depth, whereas the latter is more condensed. However, this does not mean that researchers should not write synopses for their publications. To do so is to miss out on useful information that can be added later.
The advantage of writing a synopsis is that it provides a reader with an overview of your research project without having to read through large amounts of text. It also helps to explain your research topic and why it is relevant. A synopsis will help you decide whether or not your topic is worth pursuing further by ensuring that there are enough sources available for you to continue your research.
The purpose of the research proposal is to convince your advisor or committee that there is enough merit in your proposal to justify their funding of the project and their time reviewing it. A good proposal will include:
In the first place, a research proposal is not a synopsis. A summary should be brief and to the point, while a research proposal would have all of your data and evidence lined up on one page.
A synopsis for thesis is written in the first-person voice and focuses on the story’s main points without delving too far into details. A synopsis can help readers get an idea of what you’re writing about or help them find information on a particular topic. It’s often used in book sales to determine if they have enough information on their hands to sell your book or not.
An academic or professional author writes a research proposal as part of their job. It is meant to provide evidence that supports their argument through data and statistical analysis.
The more important your paper, the more likely you’ll need to write a research proposal and a synopsis. A research proposal is usually the first step in the writing process, an overview of the topic you plan to tackle later. A synopsis, on the other hand, is a concise summary of the content of your paper. We hope this blog has given you a proper explanation for understanding the differences.
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A novel dataset replenishment strategy integrating time-series insar for refined landslide susceptibility mapping in karst regions.
2. study area and data, 2.1. overview of the study area, 2.2. conditioning factor spatial database, 2.2.1. data sources, 2.2.2. factor selection and processing, 3. methodology, 3.1. frequency ratio method, 3.2. sbas-insar technology, 3.3. xgboost algorithm, 3.4. shap algorithm, 3.5. pdp algorithm, 3.6. sampling strategies, 4.1. models’ performance test and comparison, 4.1.1. confusion matrix, 4.1.2. roc curve and auc value, 4.2. comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping, 4.3. shap interpretability results, 5. discussion, 5.1. effectiveness of combining fr and sbas-insar sample extension strategies, 5.2. analysis of the primary contributing factors of landslide susceptibility in karst landscapes based on shap modeling, 5.3. impact analysis of significant contributing factors based on pdp modeling, 5.3.1. one-factor dependence analysis of distance from mining sites, 5.3.2. one-factor dependence analysis of ndvi, 5.3.3. one-factor dependence analysis of surface deformation rate, 5.3.4. one-factor dependence analysis of land surface temperature, 6. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
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Data Name | Data Sources | Typology | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|
Historical landslide data | Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Resource and Environmental Data and Sciences | Vector (spatial) | - |
DEM | Geospatial data cloud platform | Raster | 30 m |
Landsat-8 data | Geospatial data cloud platform | Raster | 30 m |
Geological data | National Geological Information Data Center (NGIDC) | Vector (spatial) | 1:200,000 |
Waters | Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Resource and Environmental Data and Sciences | Vector (spatial) | 1:100,000 |
Roads | Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Resource and Environmental Data and Sciences | Vector (spatial) | 1:100,000 |
Multi-year average rainfall | Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Resource and Environmental Data and Sciences | raster | 1000 m |
Administrative subdivision (e.g., of provinces in counties) | National Geographic Information Public Service Platform | Vector (spatial) | 1:100,000 |
Provenance | National Address Library | Vector (spatial) | - |
Soil data | World Soil Database (HWSD) | Raster | 1000 m |
Sentinel-1 data | EarthData ASF Data Search | Raster | 30 m |
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) | National Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service Platform | Raster | 30 m |
Categories | Conditioning Factors | Classification/Unit | Classification Criteria |
---|---|---|---|
Topographic and geomorphologic factors | Elevation (Ele)/m | 11 | (1) 1051–1427; (2) 1917–2012; (3) 1427–1580; (4) 2012–2099; (5) 1580–1711; (6) 1711–1818; (7) 1818–1917; (8) 2099–2189; (9) 2189–2299; (10) 2299–2439; (11) 2439–2744 |
Slope/° | 10 | (1) 0–5; (2) 5–10; (3) 10–15; (4) 15–20; (5) 20–25; (6) 25–30; (7) 30–35; (8) 35–40; (9) 40–50; (10) >50 | |
Surface cutting depth (SCD)/m | 10 | (1) 0~31; (2) 31~47; (3) 47~61; (4) 61–75; (5) 75~90; (6) 90~107; (7) 107~125; (8) 125~148; (9) 148~180; (10) >180 | |
Aspect | 10 | (1) plane (−1); (2) north (0–22.5); (3) northeast (22.5–67.5); (4) east (67.5–112.7); (5) southeast (112.5–157.5); (6) south (157.5–202.5); (7) southwest (202.5–247.5); (8) west (247.5–292.5); (9) northwest (292.5–337.5); (10) north (337.5–360) | |
Surface cover factors | Soil bare rate (SBR) | 7 | (1) <−80; (2) −80 to −55; (3) −55 to −36; (4) −36 to −24; (5) −24 to −16; (6) −16 to −11; (7) −11 to −1 |
Soil erosion modulus (SEM) | 9 | (1) <304; (2) 304–989; (3) 989–1749; (4) 1749–2661; (5) 2662–3802; (6) 3802–5171; (7) 5171–6920; (8) 6920–9581; (9) >9581 | |
Land surface temperature (LST)/° | 9 | (1) <16; (2) 16–24; (3) 24–28; (4) 28–31; (5) 31–33; (6) 33–36; (7) 36–39; (8) 39–43; (9) 43–54 | |
NDVI | 9 | (1) <0.20; (2) 0.20–0.33; (3) 0.33–0.43; (4) 0.43–0.52; (5) 0.52–0.59; (6) 0.59–0.66; (7) 0.66–0.74; (8) 0.74–0.83; (9) 0.83–0.99 | |
Soil type (ST) | 18 | (1) Brown soil; (2) Lakes and waters; (3) Rock; (4) alluvial soil; (5) Yellow soil; (6) paddy soil; (7) Acidic purple clay; (8) Limestone; (9) Yellow-brown loamy soil; (10) Yellow-red soil; (11) black lime; (12) Yellow-brown soil; (13) mountainous red soil; (14) Red soil; (15) Red loamy soil; (16) Brick red soil; (17) calcium phosphate; (18) Dark brown soil | |
Hydrological factors | Distance from waters (DFW)/m | 9 | (1) <500; (2) 500–1000; (3) 1000–1500; (4) 1500–2000; (5) 2000–2500; (6) 2500–3000; (7) 3000–4000; (8) 4000–9000; (9) >9000 |
Average annual rainfall (AAR)/mm | 9 | (1) <1007; (2) 1007–1023; (3) 1023–1036; (4) 1036–1052; (5) 1052–1070; (6) 1070–1090; (7) 1090–1112; (8) 1112–1137; (9) >1137 | |
Topographic wetness index (TWI) | 6 | (1) 2.08–4.88; (2) 4,88–6.33; (3) 6.33–8.13; (4) 8.13–10.48; (5) 10.48–13.95; (6) 13.95–30.62 | |
Human activity factors | Distance from mining site (DFMS)/m | 10 | (1) <2300; (2) 2300–4141; (3) 4141–5889; (4) 5889–7545; (5) 7545–9201; (6) 9201–10,858; (7) 10,858–12,698; (8) 12,698–14,722; (9) 14,722–17,943; (10) >17,943 |
Distance from road (DFR)/m | 9 | (1) <428; (2) 428–909; (3) 909–1436; (4) 1436–2029; (5) 2029–1723; (6) 2723–3535; (7) 3535–4555; (8) 4555–6208; (9) >6208 | |
Geological factors | Lithology (Li) | 8 | (1) C : lower Carboniferous; (2) C1P1: Carboniferous and Permian juxtaposition; (3) C2: upper Carboniferous; (4) D3C : Devonian and Carboniferous juxtaposition; (5) P : Upper Permian; (6) T1: Upper Triassic; (7) T2: middle Triassic; (8) T3:Lower Triassic |
Distance from fault (DFF)/m | 9 | (1) <500; (2) 500–1000; (3) 1000–1500; (4) 1500–2000; (5) 2000–2500; (6) 2500–3000; (7) 3000–4000; (8) 4000–9000; (9) >9000 | |
Surface deformation rate (SDR)/mm·a | 9 | (1) <−78; (2) −78 to −50; (3) −50 to −35; (4) −35 to −23; (5) −23 to −12; (6) −12 to −1; (7) −1 to 9; (8) 9~26; (9) >26 |
Parameter | Corresponding Value |
---|---|
Acquisition of the satellite | Sentinel-1A |
Orbit | Ascending orbit |
Resolution/m | 5 × 20 |
Polarization mode | VV + VH |
Revisit period/d | 12 |
Incidence angle/(°) | 38.99 |
Impact time | February 2017–December 2017 |
Number of images/views | 34 |
Actual Value | Predicted Value | Actual Value | Predicted Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landslide | Non-Landslide | Landslide | Non-Landslide | ||
Landslide | 43 | 5 | Landslide | 149 | 12 |
Non-Landslide | 15 | 41 | Non-Landslide | 23 | 136 |
Sample | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1-Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before Expanding Sample | 0.8077 | 0.8913 | 0.7321 | 0.8039 |
After Expanded Sample | 0.8906 | 0.9189 | 0.8553 | 0.8860 |
Sample | Susceptibility Class | Probability of Landslide Occurrence | Grid Number (pcs) | Area Ratio (%) | Number of Landslide Points (pcs) | Density (pcs/km ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before Expanding Sample | Very Low Susceptibility Zone | <0.257 | 977,062 | 27.545 | 3 | 0.003412 |
Low Susceptibility Zone | 0.257–0.392 | 849,144 | 23.938 | 13 | 0.017011 | |
Medium Susceptibility Zone | 0.392–0.521 | 828,716 | 23.362 | 18 | 0.024134 | |
High Susceptibility Zone | 0.521–0.662 | 565,749 | 15.949 | 54 | 0.106054 | |
Very High Susceptibility Zone | >0.662 | 326,629 | 9.208 | 85 | 0.289149 | |
After Expanded Sample | Very Low Susceptibility Zone | <0.123 | 1,530,467 | 43.145 | 1 | 0.000726 |
Low Susceptibility Zone | 0.123–0.230 | 1,042,708 | 29.394 | 20 | 0.021312 | |
Medium Susceptibility Zone | 0.230–0.418 | 547,520 | 15.435 | 34 | 0.068998 | |
High Susceptibility Zone | 0.418–0.648 | 281,614 | 7.938 | 61 | 0.240676 | |
Very High Susceptibility Zone | >0.648 | 144,991 | 4.087 | 57 | 0.436809 |
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Yang, Y.; Ma, X.; Ding, W.; Wen, H.; Sun, D. A Novel Dataset Replenishment Strategy Integrating Time-Series InSAR for Refined Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Karst Regions. Water 2024 , 16 , 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172414
Yang Y, Ma X, Ding W, Wen H, Sun D. A Novel Dataset Replenishment Strategy Integrating Time-Series InSAR for Refined Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Karst Regions. Water . 2024; 16(17):2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172414
Yang, Yajie, Xianglong Ma, Wenrong Ding, Haijia Wen, and Deliang Sun. 2024. "A Novel Dataset Replenishment Strategy Integrating Time-Series InSAR for Refined Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Karst Regions" Water 16, no. 17: 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172414
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1. Format your title page following your instructor's guidelines. In general, the title page of a research synopsis includes the title of the research project, your name, the degree and discipline for which you're writing the synopsis, and the names of your supervisor, department, institution, and university.
3. Abstract. The abstract alone should give the reader a clear idea about the research in about 200. words. It should contain a brief paragraph introducing the problem, followed by the. main ...
research project. It provides the rationale for the research, the research objectives, the proposed methods for data collection and recording formats and/or questionnaires and interview guides. The synopsis is based on the information provided by the supervisor(s) and by secondary sources of information. The full synopsis should be maximum 3 ...
While no rigid rules for writing this type of paper have been established, a synopsis should be constructed in a manner to help a supervisor understand the proposed research at first glance. Work Cited. Balu, R. "Writing a Good Ph.D Research Synopsis." International Journal of Research in Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, 2015, pp. 38 ...
A synopsis is a brief summary which gives readers an overview of the main points. In an academic context, this is usually a summary of a text (a journal article, book, report etc) but in some instances you might be writing a synopsis of a talk, film or other form of presentation. A synopsis is a neutral summary, objectively capturing the main ...
Research Summary. Definition: A research summary is a brief and concise overview of a research project or study that highlights its key findings, main points, and conclusions. It typically includes a description of the research problem, the research methods used, the results obtained, and the implications or significance of the findings.
Synopsis is a short summary of your Ph.D thesis work. This paper suggests some ideas to motivate the young researchers for effectively writing the Ph.D synopsis with essential tips and tricks.This can act as a reference and help young researcher to going to write Ph.D synopsis. Download Free PDF. View PDF.
So, follow the steps below to write a research summary that sticks. 1. Read the parent paper thoroughly. You should go through the research paper thoroughly multiple times to ensure that you have a complete understanding of its contents. A 3-stage reading process helps.
Step 3: Structure Your Synopsis. Step 4: Select Relevant Details. Step 5: Craft a Compelling Introduction. Step 6: Summarize Your Findings. Step 7: Address the Methodology. Step 8: Discuss Implications and Applications. Step 9: Ensure Clarity and Conciseness. Step 10: Revise and Refine. Conclusion.
A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References. The first thing you should do is to decide why you need to summarize the article. If the purpose of the summary is to take notes to later remind yourself about the article you may want to write a longer summary ...
WRITING A GOOD Ph.D RESEARCH SYNOPSIS. Hira Qureshi. Synopsis is a short summary of your Ph.D thesis work. This paper suggests some ideas to motivate the young researchers for effectively writing the Ph.D synopsis with essential tips and tricks.This can act as a reference and help young researcher to going to write Ph.D synopsis.
A summary must be coherent and cogent and should make sense as a stand-alone piece of writing. It is typically 5% to 10% of the length of the original paper; however, the length depends on the length and complexity of the article and the purpose of the summary. Accordingly, a summary can be several paragraphs or pages, a single paragraph, or ...
Just like a full-length article, the introduction of your synopsis should hook the reader and make them want to continue reading. This can be done by using a surprising statistic, an interesting anecdote, or a thought-provoking quote. Whatever method you choose, make sure that it grabs the reader's attention.
When to write a summary. Step 1: Read the text. Step 2: Break the text down into sections. Step 3: Identify the key points in each section. Step 4: Write the summary. Step 5: Check the summary against the article. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about summarizing.
Synopsis is one of the first important research document you write for your PhD. A great synopsis is the one that delivers maximum information in minimum wor...
The synopsis is based on the information provided by the supervisor(s) and by secondary sources of information. In the final report you will present the results of your data collection and elaboration, with the discussion and the conclusion. The full synopsis should be maximum 3-4,000 words, excluding appendices.
Synopsis writing is an important step in a research project. A good synopsis will give maximum information in minimum words. A well-conceived synopsis will go a long way in convincing the reviewer about the ability of the researcher to conduct the project. In cases of need for financial assistance, the request will be considered favorably.
Writing a compelling synopsis for your thesis project is crucial as it serves as a concise overview of your research, highlighting its significance and scope. A well-crafted synopsis grabs the…
A synopsis example can make it easier to understand how to summarize a larger piece of work. Luckily, you can find several tailored examples with our list. ... When it comes to academic research, the papers can get long. Therefore, these typically have a synopsis, formally called an abstract, at the beginning of the article. This abstract ...
3. Sketch out the major plot points in your story. The synopsis will cover the main narrative arc of your story. This arc usually does not include subplots, unless the subplot is important to the overall conclusion of the main arc. Try to outline the main conflict, rising action, and conclusion of your story.
Every research paper has a research summary. A research summary is a brief overview of what the whole research is about. ... Also see 5 Summary Writing Examples and Samples. Making The First Draft. After establishing the basic way of writing a research summary, it is a must to write a first draft. It should follow the flow of the original paper ...
The more important your paper, the more likely you'll need to write a research proposal and a synopsis. A research proposal is usually the first step in the writing process, an overview of the topic you plan to tackle later. A synopsis, on the other hand, is a concise summary of the content of your paper.
In summary, this paper provides an in-depth discussion of the effectiveness of LSM in predicting landslide occurrence in complex terrain environments. The reliability and accuracy of the landslide susceptibility assessment model were significantly improved by optimizing the sample dataset within the karst landscape region.