8d problem solving process ppt

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8D Problem Solving Process & Tools

Description  

The 8D (Eight Disciplines) approach is a systematic problem solving process. Popularized by Ford, the 8D process integrates best practices from various problem-solving methods and is now a standard in the automotive industry. The 8D problem solving process has proven to be highly effective in product and process improvement.

Following the logic of the PDCA cycle, the 8D process enables problem solving teams to identify root causes, develop proper actions to eliminate root causes, and implement permanent corrective action to prevent recurrence. It includes key analytical tools such as Is/Is Not Analysis and Root Cause Analysis using 5 Whys and the Fishbone Diagram.

This highly detailed training presentation will help you to teach employees in your company or organization to better understand team dynamics and solve problems using a disciplined approach. 

Note: This training package includes:

8D Problem Solving PPT training presentation (PowerPoint format)

8D Problem Solving Report Template (PowerPoint format)

8D Report Worksheet (Word format)

8D Is/Is Not Worksheet (Excel format)

FMEA Form (Excel format)

8D Problem Solving poster (PDF format, in color and monochrome, printable in A3/A4 size paper)

Learning Objectives​ 

Acquire knowledge of key concepts and principles in 8D problem solving.

Understand team-based problem solving dynamics and define roles within the 8D problem-solving team.

Familiarize yourself with the step-by-step 8D problem-solving process and the use of analytical tools.

Gain practical insights for achieving success in 8D problem solving.

    Contents

    1.  Key C on cept s and Principles

•  The Blind Men and the Elephant •  The Mindset of a Traditional Problem Solver •  Common Pitfalls in Problem Solving •  What is a Problem? •  What is Problem Solving? •  What Problem Solving is Not •  Impact of Problem Solving •  Problem Solving Funnel •  Problem Solving Philosophy •  Benefits of Problem Solving •  What is 8D problem solving? •  Applying 8D Met hodology to Problem Solving •  Why Use 8D? •  8D Problem Solving Process

    2. Team Approach and Roles

•  What is a Team? •  Types of Teams •  Importance of Team-based Approach to Problem-solving •  Qualities of an Effective Team •  Team Member Ground Rules •  Tuckman's Model of Team Development Stages •  Why is Teamwork Important? •  Problem Solving Team's Maxims •  Ingredients for Problem Solving Team Success •  Keys to Team Success •  What is a Problem Solving Team? •  Key Roles in 8D Problem Solving

   3.  8D Problem Solving Process

•  Popular Problem Solving Methods •  8D Problem Solving Process •  8D Problem Solving Process vs 8D Report •  The Importance of an 8D Report •  D0: Plan ​ •  D1: Initiate Project Team •  D2: Define the Problem •  D3: Implement Containment Actions •  D4: Identify Root Causes •  D5: Develop and Verify Solution •  D6: Implement Corrective Actions •  D7: Prevent Recurrence •  D8: Recognize Project Team •  The 8D report: Capturing Solutions and Progress •  Sample 8D Report / Template •  Key Sections of the 8D Report •  The Role of the 8D Report •  8D Report Templates Included (as part of this training presentation package)

   4.  Analytical Tools in 8D

•  Brainstorming •  Affinity Diagram •  5W2H •  Is / Is Not •  Control Chart •  5 Whys •  Cause and Effect Diagram •  Pareto Chart •  Histogram •  Scatter Diagram •  FMEA

   5.  Practical Tips for Success ​

•  Best Practices for 8D Problem Solving

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The Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D) is a problem-solving methodology designed to find the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. When it’s clear that your product is defective or isn’t satisfying your customers, an 8D is an excellent first step to improving Quality and Reliability. The 8D problem solving process is a detailed, team-oriented approach to solving critical problems in the production process. The goals of this method are to find the root cause of a problem, develop containment actions to protect customers and take corrective action to prevent similar problems in the future. 8D has grown to be one of the most popular problem-solving methodologies used for Manufacturing, Assembly and Services around the globe. The 8D methodology offers engineering team a consistent, easy-to-learn and thorough approach to solving whatever problems might arise at various stages in your production process.

The main stages of the 8D process are: Establish a team, Define problem, Develop Containment Actions, Identify Root Cause, Establish Corrective Action, Implement Corrective Actions, Prevent Recurrence, Recognize Team Effort.

This template contains all the necessary tools to prepare for solving a problem using the 8D process. The first slide is presented in the form of honeycombs, each of which describes one of the stages of the process. You can also provide a short explanation for each step. The slide can be used by engineers when building a model for solving an equipment failure problem. For example, you can specify the sequence of actions in the event of a turbine breakdown and indicate an action plan for each of the participants in the process. The second and third slide of the template are made in the form of a horizontal time line. This slide can be used when building sequential models. Also, these slides will be useful for crisis managers when building a model for a company’s exit from a crisis situation. The third slide is designed as sequential blocks with 8D process. A special feature of this slide is the arrangement of blocks at different levels. This slide will be useful for marketing specialists when building a plan for an advertising campaign for a new product or a plan to solve the problem of a competitor’s launch of a product similar to yours. Team leaders can use this slide in weekly meetings with the development team. The structure of this slide is ideal for testing bugs and discussing new client requirements for a software product.

This template follows the latest design trends with a neutral color scheme. You can also change the color and font sizes so that this template can be used in your other presentations. The 8D process template will be primarily useful for software developers when testing programs. Also, this template can be used by service managers, production workers, specialists of construction organizations.

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Quality-One

Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

– Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving –

⇓   Introduction to 8D

⇓   What is 8D

⇓   Why Apply 8D

⇓   When to Apply 8D

⇓   How to Apply 8D

Quality and Reliability Support | Quality-One

Introduction to Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D) is a problem solving methodology designed to find the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. When it’s clear that your product is defective or isn’t satisfying your customers, an 8D is an excellent first step to improving Quality and Reliability.

Ford Motor Company developed this problem solving methodology, then known as Team Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS), in the 1980s. The early usage of 8D proved so effective that it was adopted by Ford as the primary method of documenting problem solving efforts, and the company continues to use 8D today.

8D has become very popular among manufacturers because it is effective and reasonably easy to teach. Below you’ll find the benefits of an 8D, when it is appropriate to perform and how it is performed.

What is Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D problem solving process is a detailed, team oriented approach to solving critical problems in the production process. The goals of this method are to find the root cause of a problem, develop containment actions to protect customers and take corrective action to prevent similar problems in the future.

The strength of the 8D process lies in its structure, discipline and methodology. 8D uses a composite methodology, utilizing best practices from various existing approaches. It is a problem solving method that drives systemic change, improving an entire process in order to avoid not only the problem at hand but also other issues that may stem from a systemic failure.

8D has grown to be one of the most popular problem solving methodologies used for Manufacturing, Assembly and Services around the globe. Read on to learn about the reasons why the Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving may be a good fit for your company.

8D - Problem Solving Format

Why Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D methodology is so popular in part because it offers your engineering team a consistent, easy-to-learn and thorough approach to solving whatever problems might arise at various stages in your production process. When properly applied, you can expect the following benefits:

  • Improved team oriented problem solving skills rather than reliance on the individual
  • Increased familiarity with a structure for problem solving
  • Creation and expansion of a database of past failures and lessons learned to prevent problems in the future
  • Better understanding of how to use basic statistical tools required for problem solving
  • Improved effectiveness and efficiency at problem solving
  • A practical understanding of Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
  • Problem solving effort may be adopted into the processes and methods of the organization
  • Improved skills for implementing corrective action
  • Better ability to identify necessary systemic changes and subsequent inputs for change
  • More candid and open communication in problem solving discussion, increasing effectiveness
  • An improvement in management’s understanding of problems and problem resolution

8D was created to represent the best practices in problem solving. When performed correctly, this methodology not only improves the Quality and Reliability of your products but also prepares your engineering team for future problems.

When to Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D problem solving process is typically required when:

  • Safety or Regulatory issues has been discovered
  • Customer complaints are received
  • Warranty Concerns have indicated greater-than-expected failure rates
  • Internal rejects, waste, scrap, poor performance or test failures are present at unacceptable levels

How to Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D process alternates inductive and deductive problem solving tools to relentlessly move forward toward a solution. The Quality-One approach uses a core team of three individuals for inductive activities with data driven tools and then a larger Subject Matter Expert (SME) group for the deductive activities through brainstorming, data-gathering and experimentation.

D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D

Proper planning will always translate to a better start. Thus, before 8D analysis begins, it is always a good idea to ask an expert first for their impressions. After receiving feedback, the following criterion should be applied prior to forming a team:

Collect information on the symptoms

Use a Symptoms Checklist to ask the correct questions

Identify the need for an Emergency Response Action (ERA), which protects the customer from further exposure to the undesired symptoms

D1: Form a Team

A Cross Functional Team (CFT) is made up of members from many disciplines. Quality-One takes this principle one step further by having two levels of CFT:

  • The Core Team Structure should involve three people on the respective subjects: product, process and data
  • Additional Subject Matter Experts are brought in at various times to assist with brainstorming, data collection and analysis

Teams require proper preparation. Setting the ground rules is paramount. Implementation of disciplines like checklists, forms and techniques will ensure steady progress.  8D must always have two key members: a Leader and a Champion / Sponsor:

  • The Leader is the person who knows the 8D process and can lead the team through it (although not always the most knowledgeable about the problem being studied)
  • The Champion or Sponsor is the one person who can affect change by agreeing with the findings and can provide final approval on such changes

D2: Describe the Problem

The 8D method’s initial focus is to properly describe the problem utilizing the known data and placing it into specific categories for future comparisons. The “Is” data supports the facts whereas the “Is Not” data does not. As the “Is Not” data is collected, many possible reasons for failure are able to be eliminated. This approach utilizes the following tools:

  • Problem Statement
  • Affinity Diagram (Deductive tool)
  • Fishbone/Ishikawa Diagram (Deductive tool)
  • Problem Description

D3: Interim Containment Action

In the interim, before the permanent corrective action has been determined, an action to protect the customer can be taken. The Interim Containment Action (ICA) is temporary and is typically removed after the Permanent Correct Action (PCA) is taken.

  • Verification of effectiveness of the ICA is always recommended to prevent any additional customer dissatisfaction calls

D4: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Escape Point

The root cause must be identified to take permanent action to eliminate it. The root cause definition requires that it can be turned on or off, at will. Activities in D4 include:

  • Comparative Analysis listing differences and changes between “Is” and “Is Not”
  • Development of Root Cause Theories based on remaining items
  • Verification of the Root Cause through data collection
  • Review Process Flow Diagram for location of the root cause
  • Determine Escape Point, which is the closest point in the process where the root cause could have been found but was not

D5: Permanent Corrective Action (PCA)

The PCA is directed toward the root cause and removes / changes the conditions of the product or process that was responsible for the problem. Activities in D5 include:

  • Establish the Acceptance Criteria which include Mandatory Requirements and Wants
  • Perform a Risk Assessment /  Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) on the PCA choices
  • Based on risk assessment, make a balanced choice for PCA
  • Select control-point improvement for the Escape Point
  • Verification of Effectiveness for both the PCA and the Escape Point are required

D6: Implement and Validate the Permanent Corrective Action

To successfully implement a permanent change, proper planning is essential. A project plan should encompass: communication, steps to complete, measurement of success and lessons learned. Activities in D6 include:

  • Develop Project Plan for Implementation
  • Communicate the plan to all stakeholders
  • Validation of improvements using measurement

D7: Prevent Recurrence

D7 affords the opportunity to preserve and share the knowledge, preventing problems on similar products, processes, locations or families. Updating documents and procedures / work instructions are expected at this step to improve future use. Activities in D7 include:

  • Review Similar Products and Processes for problem prevention
  • Develop / Update Procedures and Work Instructions for Systems Prevention
  • Capture Standard Work / Practice and reuse
  • Assure FMEA updates have been completed
  • Assure Control Plans have been updated

D8: Closure and Team Celebration

Teams require feedback to allow for satisfactory closure. Recognizing both team and individual efforts and allowing the team to see the previous and new state solidifies the value of the 8D process. Activities in D8 include:

  • Archive the 8D Documents for future reference
  • Document Lessons Learned on how to make problem solving better
  • Before and After Comparison of issue
  • Celebrate Successful Completion

8D - D0 Reference Card

8D and Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

The 8D process has Root Cause Analysis (RCA) imbedded within it. All problem solving techniques include RCA within their structure. The steps and techniques within 8D which correspond to Root Cause Analysis are as follows:

  • Problem Symptom is quantified and converted to “Object and Defect”
  • Problem Symptom is converted to Problem Statement using Repeated Whys
  • Possible and Potential Causes are collected using deductive tools (i.e. Fishbone or Affinity Diagram)
  • Problem Statement is converted into Problem Description using Is / Is Not
  • Problem Description reduces the number of items on the deductive tool (from step 3)
  • Comparative Analysis between the Is and Is Not items (note changes and time)
  • Root Cause theories are developed from remaining possible causes on deductive tool and coupled with changes from Is / Is Not
  • Compare theories with current data and develop experiments for Root Cause Verification
  • Test and confirm the Root Causes

Is Is Not Example

Example: Multiple Why Technique

The Multiple / Repeated Why (Similar to 5 Why) is an inductive tool, which means facts are required to proceed to a more detailed level. The steps required to determine problem statement are:

  • Problem Symptom is defined as an Object and Defect i.e. “Passenger Injury”
  • Why? In every case “SUV’s Roll Over”
  • Why? In every case, it was preceded by a “Blown Tire”
  • Why? Many explanations may be applied, therefore the team cannot continue with another repeated why past “Blown Tire”
  • Therefore, the Problem Statement is “Blown Tire”
  • Why? Low (Air) Pressure, Tire Defect (Degradation of an Interface) and High (Ambient) Temperature
  • Counter measures assigned to low pressure and tire defect

This example uses only 4 of the 5 Whys to determine the root causes without going further into the systemic reasons that supported the failure. The Repeated Why is one way to depict this failure chain. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) could also be used.

3 Legged 5 Why

Learn More About Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

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8D (Eight Disciplines) Problem Solving Process

Nov 13, 2022

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Presentation Transcript

8D: Eight Disciplines PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved. © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

NOTE: This is a PARTIAL PREVIEW. To download the complete presentation, please visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg Learning Objectives 1. Describe the key concepts and principles of 8D problem solving 2. Understand the dynamics of team-based problem solving 3. Define the roles of the 8D problem solving team 4. Familiarize with the use of analytical tools 5. Describe the objective of each step of the 8D process 6. Define the critical success factors for effective 8D problem solving 2 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Contents 1. Key Concepts & Principles of 8D Problem Solving 2. Team Approach to 8D Problem Solving 3. Roles of 8D Problem Solving Team 4. Review of Analytical Tools in 8D 5. 8D Problem Solving Process – The Step by Step Approach 6. Preparing the 8D Report 7. Critical Success Factors 3 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

The Blind Men and the Elephant It is a wall! It is a snake! It is a branch! Problems are often perceived differently by different people. 4 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What Is a Problem? A problem is a deviation from a standard, i.e., a difference between what should be happening and what is actually happening Standard – what should be happening Gap = Problem Current situation – what is actually happening 5 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What is Problem Solving? § Elimination of the cause of a nonconformity, potential nonconformity or other undesirable condition in order to prevent its occurrence or recurrence 6 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What Problem Solving IS NOT § A kaizen event where people are taken away from their “real jobs” for 3-5 days at a time § An exercise to place blame on a person or department § A project only for the Subject Matter Experts or “high- fliers” § Activities to keep people busy during periods of low demand § Another one of those “extra curricula activities” 7 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Impact of Problem Solving Holding the Gain - Control Sporadic Departure from Standard (Process Improvement) Problem Solving Original Zone of Control Performance New Zone of Control Time 8 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Benefits of Problem Solving § Increased customer satisfaction § Increased market share § Lower costs § Faster delivery time § Increased profitability § Increased efficiency § Improved morale 9 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

“The problems that exist in the world cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them.” Albert Einstein © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What is 8D Problem Solving? § 8D (8 Disciplines) consist of eight distinct steps of a systematic process for solving problems § Process is derived from the best practices of other problem-solving methods such as Kepner-Tregoe, A3, PDCA, etc. § Developed by the US Department of Defense and popularized by Ford Motor Company § 8D is now a standard in the automotive industry 11 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Why Use 8D? Common Approach Provides a Structure Teamwork Provides a common language of understanding. Systematic, yet flexible. Superior to other common methods. More skills and creativity. Team buy-in eases implementation. Quality Methods Based on Facts Documentation Tied to quality management philosophies. Use of statistical tool. Let data do the talking. Eliminates personal biases. Standard format for reporting all actions. Sharing of lessons learned. 12 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

8D Process Model 8 Recognize Project Team 7 Prevent Recurrence 6 Implement Corrective Actions 5 Develop & Verify Solution 4 Identify Root Causes 3 Implement Containment Actions 2 Define the Problem 1 Initiate Project Team 0 Plan 13 13 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved. © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What is a Team? § A team is a group of people who perform interdependent tasks to work toward a common mission 14 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

“Talent wins games, but teamwork wins championships.” Michael Jordan © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Why Do We Need Team Building? § The need to quickly respond to changes § Demands for continuous improvement § More effective use of resources § Decision-making and problem-solving is better handled by teams 16 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Why is Team Building Important? § To discover new solutions to enhance team effectiveness and cohesiveness § Helps bring out the best in individuals in the form of team work § Improves understanding and helps people respect other people’s views even if they don’t agree with them § Helps in exchange of views and ideas which leads to exciting results 17 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

What is a Problem Solving Team? § Is a group of employees performing similar or related projects, who get together on a regular basis, to discuss a topic or theme affecting their work or workplace § May be set up by management to look into an issue faced by the customer with the aim to resolve it and prevent similar problems from happening in the future 18 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

“85% of the reasons for failure to meet customer expectations are related to deficiencies in systems and processes… rather than the employee.” Dr. W. E. Deming © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

The PDCA Approach to Problem Solving § A systematic approach to problem solving § Sometimes called the Deming wheel Act Plan § Provides the framework for a team to carry out improvement Check Do § Used together with the common QC tools 20 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

Problem Solving Funnel Big vague concern Breakdown Grasp the situation § Actual vs. standard § Actual vs. ideal Go See Point of cause § Time and place where events cause abnormality 5 Why Analysis Why? Root cause Countermeasures 21 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

8D Process 8 Recognize Project Team 7 Prevent Recurrence 6 Implement Corrective Actions 5 Develop & Verify Solution 4 Identify Root Causes 3 Implement Containment Actions 2 Define the Problem 1 Initiate Project Team 0 Plan 22 22 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved. © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D2: Define the Problem Purpose: Describe the internal and external problem by identifying “what is wrong with what” and detailing the problem in quantifiable terms. 23 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D2: Define the Problem Process Problems can be Visualized with a SIPOC Diagram SIPOC diagram for a ‘Display Definition to Deployment’ process Suppliers Inputs Outputs Customers Process Product specifications Needs definition Product Engineering Display at POS Dealers Demonstration technology Business rationale for investment/use Demonstration & Engineering Group Design & prototyping Country Sales reps Message to be communicated Installation manual Preferred environment in which product should be Installers in stores Development Sales Manager /Merchandiser Key dealer specs and business case End-user Production Corp Product Management Problems include missing components, long waiting time of spare parts, displays that are faulty and don’t work, etc. Set-up for deployment 24 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D2: Define the Problem Is / Is Not Worksheet IS IS NOT § Who is affected by the problem? § Who first observed the problem? (internal/external) § To whom was the problem reported? § Who is not affected by the problem? § Who did not find the problem? Who § What type of problem is it? § What has the problem? § What is happening? § Do we have physical evidence of the problem in our possession? § What does not have the problem? § What could be happening but is not? § What could be the problem but is not? What § Why is this a problem? § Is the process where the problem occurred stable?§ Why is it not a problem? Why § Where could the problem be located but is not? § Where else could the problem be located but is not? § Where was the problem observed? § Where does the problem occur? Where § When was the problem first noticed? § When has it been noticed since? § When could the problem have been noticed but was not? When § Quantity of problem? § How Much is the problem causing in dollars, people and time? § How many could have the problem but don’t? § How big could the problem be but is not? How Many § What is the trend (continuous, random, cyclical)? § Has the problem occurred previously? (If so attach supporting data/information) How Often § What could the trend be but is not? 25 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D2: Define the Problem Examples of Problem Description Z1 fibre broadband outage had affected users in the northern and eastern parts of California for over 2 days. Users in the other parts of California were not affected during the same period. 20% of the blue finished lampshades are consistently rejected for paint runs on the top flat. Defects are not seen before the finish coat is applied. Customers in the western region are dissatisfied with the AvengerFood ordering service. During the past 3 months, errors have increased by 25% while complaints from the other regions have remained stable in the same period. Since the rationalization of the patient registration services at the Kent Ridge General Hospital, complaints of long waiting times have increased by 35% when the patient traffic has increased by only 7%. 26 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D4: Identify Root Causes Symptoms § Result or outcome of the problem § What you see as a problem (Obvious) Achy, weak, tired Symptoms Problem The Problem § Gap from goal or standard Fever Causes § “The Roots” – system below the surface, bringing about the problem (Not Obvious) Infection Causes 27 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D5: Develop & Verify Solution Countermeasures Selection Criteria Matrix Selection Criteria Matrix (1=Bad, 10=Good) Countermeasures M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Total Score Countermeasure #1 2 8 6 4 2 22 Countermeasure #2 2 3 6 4 6 21 Countermeasure #3 2 5 5 6 2 20 Countermeasure #4 4 8 3 2 2 19 Countermeasure #5 5 8 5 2 2 22 Examples of Selection Criteria: M1 = Easy to Implement M2 = Feasible M3 = Cost Effective M4 = Robust M5 = Risk 28 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D6: Implement Corrective Actions Example of FMEA Process or Product Name: Responsible: Prepared by: Page ____ of ____ FMEA Date (Orig) ______________ (Rev) _____________ Action Results S E V O C C D E T R P N Potential Cause(s)/ Mechanism(s) of Failure Current Process Controls Responsibility and Completion Date Process Function Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failure Recommended Action(s) S EVO CCD TR PN Actions Taken E How often does the cause or The highest value process steps from the C&E matrix. In what ways might the process potentially fail to meet the process requirements and/or design intent? What is the effect of each failure mode on the outputs and/or customer requirements? How can the failure occur? Describe in terms of something that can be corrected or controlled. Be specific. What are the existing controls and procedures (inspection and test) that either prevent or detect occurrence? What are the actions for reducing the occurrence, or improving detection, or for identifying the root cause if it is unknown? Should have actions only on high RPN's or easy fixes. Who is responsible for the recommended action? List the completed actions that are included in the recalculated RPN. Include the implementation date for any changes. How Severe is the effect to What is the new process What is the new severity? How well can you detect Are the detection limits Re-compute RPN after actions are complete. failure mode occur? SEV x OCC x DET the cusotmer? cause or FM? capability? improved? Manager completion of change form Not filled out correctly Outdated employee information in current profile No incentive for Manager to comply completely with requirement HR checklist for projects to be completed upon change in employee status Issue delinquency report C.C. Largelist 5/1/00 Procedure changed to include delinquency report 7/15/00 6 7 3 126 5 2 3 30 Communication from Cust Service to Supporting Dept Representative No direct communication Delayed transfer of customer case No formal liaison Customer complaints ID Dept liaison for all supporting Departments Slim Pickins 8/3/00 Procedure changed, Dept liaisons identified 8/31/00 9 4 8 288 9 2 4 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 After Before 29 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D7: Prevent Recurrence Examples of Visual Management (1) Labels for product identification Floor markings for trolley Standard work for a manufacturing cell ‘Do Not Disturb’ labels 30 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

D8: Recognize Project Team § After finalizing all documentation, you and management must finish in style by showing your appreciation to the problem solving team 31 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

“Continuous effort - not strength or intelligence - is the key to unlocking our potential.” Sir Winston Churchill © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

About Operational Excellence Consulting © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

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Operational Excellence Consulting is a management training and consulting firm that assists organizations in improving business performance and effectiveness. Based in Singapore, the firm’s mission is to create business value for organizations through innovative design and operational excellence management training and consulting solutions. For more information, please visit www.oeconsulting.com.sg 35 © Operational Excellence Consulting. All rights reserved.

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8D report preparation in Downloadable PPT, Excel and PDF templates| with Example |

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Tiago Aparecido Rodrigues Rita

8D report communicates how 8D methodology is used to solve a recurring problem or customer complaints . Most of the customers ask 8D report as a proof of the implementation of solution to their complaints. Hence lets learn how to prepare a 8D report through an easy example. You will also get downloadable and editable 8D report templates with example. You will be able to find 8D templates in Excel, PPT and PDF formats.

Before continuing with this its recommended to learn our article on 8D problem solving in which we have clearly explained the 8 steps in 8D and when to use 8D. In this article we are doing its practical side.

Let’s do it.

An Example for the preparation of 8D report

Let’s imagine that you are a chef at a diner restaurant, and suddenly an order has returned. The customer is complaining that the snack was carried out scorched.

An Example of customer complaint for preparation of  8D report - Snack Scorched

You quickly need to carry out an analysis to understand what actually happened at the time of snack production, take the appropriate actions and prevent this from happening more often in the future.

Then, you decide to use the 8D in order to solve the problem.

let’s see how the resolution of this analogy would be using the 8D methodology .

Check below in 9 steps how to apply it easy with a simple practical example.

Before we begin, download the templates in excel, PPT and PDF to support you in you daily routine. Excel and PPT template are editable, which you can use for other projects.

8D report templates with example (Download)

8d problem solving step 1 – customer complaint.

We need to describe the problem related by the customer , according to customer´s language. Tip: In this step it is very important to faithfully describe what the customer complained about, how the information was passed on.

8D Problem solving step 1 - Customer Voice

8D Problem solving STEP 2 – Team Building

We need to build the multifunctional team that will work in the investigation, this can be performed by the responsible persons for the area affected. Tip: Create a strong team that has knowledge on the related subject, if possible, extend participation to everyone who, at some point, has any contact related to the problem

8D Problem solving step 2 - Team Building

8D Problem solving STEP 3 – Problem Description

Problem description with details, characterize and transform from the customer language to our language. Tip: Be as detailed in the description of the problem as possible, include images, videos if possible to help the understanding the problem.

8D Problem solving STEP 3 - Problem Description

8D Problem solving STEP 4 – Containment action

In this step we need to develop or propose / containment action in order or Take action so that the customer does not continue to receive products with the same problem. ***Give a destiny to the snack returned. Tip: Try to develop a containment action where the customer is satisfied and safe for that moment, unfortunately the failure has already occurred now we need to restore the image with the customer.

8D Problem solving STEP 4 - Containment action

8D Problem solving STEP 5 – Finding the root cause and corrective action

Now we need to find the root cause, using auxiliary tools, if you read our article about 8D , you can find some kind of tools to support the analysis to find and confirm the root cause. Tip: During the analysis you can use the following tools to support the team to solve the problem:

  • Tendency Chart
  • Brainstorming
  • Affinity Diagram
  • Cause and Effect Diagram
  • Why Why Analysis
  • FTA – Fault Tree Analysis
  • SIPOC / Flowchart
  • Capability Studies

To support us, we´ll use fish bone diagram and the why why analysis:

Fishbone diagram for 8D Problem solving

In conjunction with the multifunctional team, we need to raise the possibilities that may have contributed to the problem having occurred, taking into account the 6M’s After that we score according to the potential using Highly likely / low probability or Improbable. This score will support us on focus just the high potential causes.

After we find the most potential root causes, we use the Why Most analysis in order to confirm if in fact this happened because of the potential cause raised by the team. 

The more common way to use the Why-Why analysis, it´s just asking 5 times the “Why” to the potential root causing, until we no longer have an answer to the 5 Why´s. Normally after that, we´ll find the root cause inside the potential cause. But, to support us on this analysis we´ll use the Why-Why to find 3 kind of root cause:

Occurrence Root Cause

Why did the problem occur?

Detection Root Cause

Why did not detect the problem?

Systematic Root Cause

Why did not prevent the problem?

Why Why Analysis for 8D Problem solving

8D Problem solving STEP 6 – Validation of the proposed root cause and corrective action

The team need to create plan in order to confirm / validate the proposed solutions in step 5º . Depend on the problem you are facing, you can use tests in low scale to get a feedback quickly. Tip: Use short scale tests / use auxiliary tools tools to proof the effectiveness of corrective actions. This step is very important to avoid gap and in the future the problem appear again.

Tools to support the validation of root cause

  • Correlation
  • Simulations

8D Problem solving STEP 6 - Validation of the proposed root cause and corrective action

8D Problem solving STEP 7 – Implementation of Corrective action

According to the results in the step 6º, you can make official what was has been proven during the validations of solutions, this step is very important because is from this topic will you systematize the actions to the future.

8D Problem solving STEP 7 - Corrective action

8D Problem solving STEP 8 – Preventive action

Now we need implement the actions on the system, and make a plan in order to avoid the re-incidence of the fail. In this step it´s very important that all documentation be update, to ensure that all analysis was implemented to all internal process. Tip: Use preventive actions to avoid recidivism / transform the actions in best practices and update all documentations related with the process.

8D Problem solving STEP 8 - Preventive action

8D Problem solving STEP 9 – Closure

In the last step we need to present all results, recognition about all participants, lessons learned to Others areas, and 8D Finalization

8D Problem solving STEP 9 - Closure

Bellow you can find the template filled with the example:

8D Report page 1

We hope you have enjoyed the article on 8D report templates with example.

Thank you. Hope you have noticed downloadable and editable 8D PPT template. Go and download it, present before your team and solve your customer complaints.

You may refer more 8D report preparation example from here .

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What is 8D? A template for efficient problem-solving

How you respond when problems arise is one of the most defining qualities of a manager. Luckily, there are tools you can use to master problem-solving. The 8D method of problem-solving combines teamwork and basic statistics to help you reach a logical solution and prevent new issues from arising.

You’ve spent months overseeing the development of your company's newest project. From initiation, planning, and execution, you’re confident this may be your best work yet.

Until the feedback starts rolling in.

There’s no sugar-coating it—things don’t always go as planned. But production or process issues are hardly a signal to throw in the towel. Instead, focus on honing your problem-solving skills to find a solution that keeps it from happening again. 

The 8D method of problem solving emphasizes the importance of teamwork to not only solve your process woes but prevent new ones from occurring. In this guide, we’ll break down what 8D is, how to use this methodology, and the benefits it can give to you and your team. Plus, get an 8D template to make solving your issue easier. 

What is 8D?

The eight disciplines (8D) method is a problem-solving approach that identifies, corrects, and eliminates recurring problems. By determining the root causes of a problem, managers can use this method to establish a permanent corrective action and prevent recurring issues. 

How do you use the 8D method?

The 8D method is a proven strategy for avoiding long-term damage from recurring problems. If you’re noticing issues in your workflow or processes, then it’s a good time to give this problem-solving method a try. 

To complete an 8D analysis, follow “the eight disciplines” to construct a statistical analysis of the problem and determine the best solution.

The eight disciplines of problem-solving

8D stands for the eight disciplines you will use to establish an 8D report. As you may notice, this outline starts with zero, which makes nine total disciplines. The “zero stage” was developed later as an initial planning stage. 

To illustrate these steps, imagine your organization experienced a decline in team innovation and productivity this past year. Your stakeholders have noticed and want to see changes implemented within the next six months. Below, we’ll use the 8D process to uncover a morale-boosting solution.

[inline illustration] D8 problem solving approach (infographic)

D0: Prepare and plan

Before starting the problem-solving process, evaluate the problem you want to solve. Understanding the background of the problem will help you identify the root cause in later steps. 

Collect information about how the problem has affected a process or product and what the most severe consequences may be. Planning can include:

Gathering data

Determining the prerequisites for solving the problem

Collecting feedback from others involved

[inline illustration] D0 Planning (example)

If we look back at our example, you may want to figure out whether this decline in morale is organization-wide or only applies to a few departments. Consider interviewing a few employees from different departments and levels of management to gain some perspective. Next, determine what knowledge and skills you will need to solve this lapse in productivity. 

D1: Form your team

Create a cross-functional team made up of people who have knowledge of the various products and workflows involved. These team members should have the skills needed to solve the problem and put corrective actions in place. 

Steps in this discipline may include:

Appointing a team leader

Developing and implementing team guidelines

Determining team goals and priorities

Assigning individual roles

Arranging team-building activities

[inline illustration] D1 Team members (example)

From our example, a solid team would consist of people with first-hand experience with the issues—like representatives from all departments and key people close to workshop-level work. You may also want to pull someone in from your HR department to help design and implement a solution. Most importantly, make sure the people you choose want to be involved and contribute to the solution.

D2: Identify the problem

You may have a good understanding of your problem by now, but this phase aims to break it down into clear and quantifiable terms by identifying the five W’s a and two H’s (5W2H):

Who first reported the problem?

What is the problem about?

When did it occur and how often?

Where did it occur (relating to the sector, supplier, machine, or production line involved)?

Why is solving the problem important?

How was the problem first detected?

How many parts/units/customers are affected?

[inline illustration] D2 Problem statement & description (example)

Use your team’s insights to answer these questions. From our example, your team may conclude that: 

Employees feel overwhelmed with their current workload. 

There is no real structure or opportunity to share new ideas.

Managers have had no training for meetings or innovation settings.

Disgruntled employees know they can achieve more—and want to achieve more—even if they seem disengaged.

Once you answer these questions, record an official problem statement to describe the issue. If possible, include photos, videos, and diagrams to ensure all parties have a clear understanding of the problem. It may also help to create a flowchart of the process that includes various steps related to the problem description.

D3: Develop an interim containment plan

Much like we can expect speedy first aid after an accident, your team should take immediate actions to ensure you contain the problem—especially if the problem is related to customer safety. 

An interim containment plan will provide a temporary solution to isolate the problem from customers and clients while your team works to develop a permanent corrective action. This band-aid will help keep your customers informed and safe—and your reputation intact.

[inline illustration] D3 Interim containment action (example)

Because your findings revealed workers were overworked and managers lacked training, your team suggests scheduling a few mandatory training sessions for leaders of each department covering time and stress management and combating burnout . You may also want to have a presentation outlining the topics of this training to get key managers and stakeholders interested and primed for positive upcoming changes. 

D4: Verify root causes and escape points

Refer back to your findings and consult with your team about how the problem may have occurred. The root cause analysis involves mapping each potential root cause against the problem statement and its related test data. Make sure to test all potential causes—fuzzy brainstorming and sloppy analyses may cause you to overlook vital information. 

[inline illustration] D4 Root cause & escape points (example)

In our example, focus on the “why” portion of the 5W2H. You and your team identify six root causes:

Managers have never had any training

There is a lack of trust and psychological safety

Employees don’t understand the objectives and goals

Communication is poor

Time management is poor

Employees lack confidence

In addition to identifying the root causes, try to pinpoint where you first detected the problem in the process, and why it went unnoticed. This is called the escape point, and there may be more than one. 

D5: Choose permanent corrective actions

Work with your team to determine the most likely solution to remove the root cause of the problem and address the issues with the escape points. Quantitatively confirm that the selected permanent corrective action(s) (PCA) will resolve the problem for the customer. 

Steps to choosing a PCA may include:

Determining if you require further expertise

Ensuring the 5W2Hs are defined correctly

Carrying out a decision analysis and risk assessment

Considering alternative measures

Collecting evidence to prove the PCA will be effective

[inline illustration] D5 Permanent corrective action (example)

Your team decides to roll out the training used in the interim plan to all employees, with monthly company-wide workshops on improving well-being. You also plan to implement meetings, innovation sessions, and team-coaching training for managers. Lastly, you suggest adopting software to improve communication and collaboration. 

D6: Implement your corrective actions

Once all parties have agreed on a solution, the next step is to create an action plan to remove the root causes and escape points. Once the solution is in effect, you can remove your interim containment actions.

After seeing success with the training in the interim phase, your stakeholders approve all of your team’s proposed PCAs. Your representative from HR also plans to implement periodic employee wellness checks to track employee morale .

[inline illustration] D6 PCA implementation plan (example)

To ensure your corrective action was a success, monitor the results, customer, or employee feedback over a long period of time and take note of any negative effects. Setting up “controls” like employee wellness checks will help you validate whether your solution is working or more needs to be done. 

D7: Take preventive measures

One of the main benefits of using the 8D method is the improved ability to identify necessary systematic changes to prevent future issues from occurring. Look for ways to improve your management systems, operating methods, and procedures to not only eliminate your current problem, but stop similar problems from developing later on.

[inline illustration] D7 Preventive measure (example)

Based on our example, the training your team suggested is now adopted in the new manager onboarding curriculum. Every manager now has a “meeting system” that all meetings must be guided by, and workloads and projects are managed as a team within your new collaboration software . Innovation is improving, and morale is at an all-time high!

D8: Celebrate with your team

The 8D method of problem-solving is impossible to accomplish without dedicated team members and first-class collaboration. Once notes, lessons, research, and test data are documented and saved, congratulate your teammates on a job well done! Make an effort to recognize each individual for their contribution to uncovering a successful solution.

[inline illustration] 8D Team congratulations & reward (example)

8D report template and example

Check out our 8D report template below to help you record your findings as you navigate through the eight disciplines of problem solving. This is a formal report that can be used as a means of communication within companies, which makes for transparent problem-solving that you can apply to the entire production or process chain.

Benefits of using the 8D method

The 8D method is one of the most popular problem-solving strategies for good reason. Its strength lies in teamwork and fact-based analyses to create a culture of continuous improvement —making it one of the most effective tools for quality managers. The benefits of using the 8D method include: 

Improved team-oriented problem-solving skills rather than relying on an individual to provide a solution

Increased familiarity with a problem-solving structure

A better understanding of how to use basic statistical tools for problem-solving

Open and honest communication in problem-solving discussions

Prevent future problems from occurring by identifying system weaknesses and solutions

Improved effectiveness and efficiency at problem-solving

Better collaboration = better problem solving

No matter how good a manager you are, production and process issues are inevitable. It’s how you solve them that separates the good from the great. The 8D method of problem solving allows you to not only solve the problem at hand but improve team collaboration, improve processes, and prevent future issues from arising. 

Try Asana’s project management tool to break communication barriers and keep your team on track.

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Represent the process of 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving and connect it with your industry seamlessly with the help of this professional editable PowerPoint Template. Originally proposed by Ford Motors, the 8D problem-solving technique is a series of steps that can help one devise an approach to come up with a feasible solution to any problem. Initially, it was typically used by engineers and other professionals in the similar industry, but today the technique is widely used to identify problems in almost every vertical and industry, helping teams to resolve their industry-oriented issues with a series of simple steps.

According to this technique, one should focus on the product and come up with strategies to improvise the process involved. This can be done by identifying, correcting, and eliminating the recurring problems that exist in the process. One of the best things about the methodology is that it focuses on coming up with a permanent corrective approach based on statistical analysis, eliminating the origin by identifying its root cause, instead of proposing temporary solutions. The eight pre-defined steps of the approach consist of the following: Establish the team, describe, contain, verify and explore the root cause of the issue, choose corrective actions, implement the permanent corrective action, prevent recurrence, and reward the team. Each and every step of the approach is of utmost importance and should be processed in the defined sequence.

The template set is a comprehensive collection of 8 high-quality PPT slides that will help you explore the problem in a seamless manner, helping you come up with a feasible solution with your team. Since this technique is now considered as a universal approach, it can help professionals of almost every industry. It doesn't matter if you are a software developer, a business analyst, a researcher, an academician, or a health care expert - the approach can help you manage your work and resolve issues easily. A must-have presentation for managers, company owners, team leaders, and head of departments - it will make your task of team building and problem-solving extremely easy. The set is entirely editable easy to customize! Just provide your respective data and give a personalized touch to this professional presentation on the go.

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8d problem solving process ppt

8D Problem-Solving Report Template (PowerPoint PPTX)

8d problem solving process ppt

This product ( 8D Problem-Solving Report Template ) is a 67-slide PPT PowerPoint presentation (PPTX), which you can download immediately upon purchase.

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8d problem solving process ppt



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IMAGES

  1. 8D Problem Solving Template

    8d problem solving process ppt

  2. PPT: The 8D Problem Solving Process & Tools (206-slide PPT PowerPoint

    8d problem solving process ppt

  3. 8D Problem Solving Report PowerPoint Template

    8d problem solving process ppt

  4. PPT: 8D Problem Solving Toolkit (26-slide PPT PowerPoint presentation

    8d problem solving process ppt

  5. 8D Problem Solving Report PowerPoint Template

    8d problem solving process ppt

  6. 8D Problem Solving PowerPoint PPT Template

    8d problem solving process ppt

VIDEO

  1. Deloitte Problem Solving: Overview of Hypothesis Based Problem Solving

  2. 8D Problem solving methodology explained in tamil

  3. Problem Solving Tools- 8D and Fishbone- Part2.1

  4. Best Practices in 8D

  5. class 8 exercise 8D part 1

  6. Solved Example Process oriented Layout Part A

COMMENTS

  1. PPT: 8D Problem Solving Process Training Presentation

    Learn how to use the 8D (Eight Disciplines) approach, a systematic problem solving method popularized by Ford, to improve product and process quality. This PPT training presentation covers key concepts, principles, steps, tools, and tips for 8D problem solving.

  2. What is 8D? Eight Disciplines Problem Solving Process

    The 8D model is a systematic method to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems in product and process improvement. It consists of eight stages, including developing an interim containment plan to isolate the problem from customers.

  3. 8D Problem Solving PPT Presentation Template & Google Slides

    The 8D problem-solving process is a methodology used by organizations to solve complex problems and improve processes. It involves eight steps, including defining the problem, establishing a team, identifying the root cause, developing and implementing a corrective action plan, verifying the solution's effectiveness, and taking steps to prevent recurrence.

  4. 8D Process

    The Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D) is a problem-solving methodology designed to find the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. When it's clear that your product is defective or isn't satisfying your customers, an 8D is an excellent first step to improving … Continue reading "8D Process"

  5. 8D

    Learn how to use the Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D), a Ford Motor Company developed methodology, to find the root cause of a problem and implement a solution. The web page explains the benefits, application and steps of the 8D process with tools and examples.

  6. 8D (Eight Disciplines) Problem Solving Process

    Describe the key concepts and principles of 8D problem solving 2. Understand the dynamics of team-based problem solving 3. Define the roles of the 8D problem solving team 4. Familiarize with the use of analytical tools 5. Describe the objective of each step of the 8D process 6. Define the critical success factors for effective 8D problem ...

  7. 8D Problem Solving Process

    8D Problem Solving Process - Solving Major Problems in a ...

  8. PDF The problem solving 8D methodology

    Learn how to use the 8D methodology to systematically and effectively solve problems in any organization. This PDF document explains the eight steps of 8D, from establishing the team to evaluating and closing the actions, with examples and tips.

  9. PDF 8d Process

    Figure 1: problem-solving pyramid 8D is one of these systematic methods used to tackle and solve problems. The primary aims of the 8D methodology are to identify the root cause, correct and eliminate problems in a team approach, while making the problems solved useful in product and process improvement. Problem: deviation from desired state

  10. The 8D Problem Solving Process & Tools (PowerPoint PPTX)

    Download the The 8D Problem Solving Process & Tools 206-slide PPT PowerPoint presentation (PPTX) with a supplemental Zip archive file document. The 8D Problem Solving Process has become a standard in many industries as problem solving or improvement process, as internal Corrective Action Request (CAR) Process or as Supplier Corrective Action Request (SCAR) Process.

  11. 8D / 7STEP PPT Presentation Template

    8D/ 7STEP PowerPoint Template. A comprehensive set of definitions and working templates for the problem-solving methods of 8D and 7STEP. $109.00*. plus VAT. The process model for problem-solving strategies. The 8D & 7 STEP model PPT template | Concepts & examples | Download presentation now!

  12. 8D report preparation in Downloadable PPT, Excel and PDF templates

    8D report preparation in Downloadable PPT, Excel and ...

  13. What is 8D? A template for efficient problem-solving

    Learn what 8D is, how to use it, and why it's useful for solving and preventing recurring problems. Download a free 8D template to follow the eight disciplines of problem-solving and create an 8D report.

  14. 8D Problem Solving Process & Tools (PowerPoint PPTX)

    Download the 8D Problem Solving Process & Tools 256-slide PPT PowerPoint presentation (PPTX) with a supplemental Zip archive file document. [NOTE: Our 8D Problem Solving presentation has been trusted by an array of prestigious organizations, including industry leaders such as Apple, Cummins, Valeo, Saint-Gobain, Altec, Diebold, Destaco, Aptiv, SQM, Tutanota, Stratosphere Quality, Wakefield ...

  15. 8D Problem Solving PowerPoint and Google Slides Template

    Represent the process of 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving and connect it with your industry seamlessly with the help of this professional editable PowerPoint Template. Originally proposed by Ford Motors, the 8D problem-solving technique is a series of steps that can help one devise an approach to come up with a feasible solution to any problem.

  16. 8D Problem-Solving Report Template (PowerPoint PPTX)

    Download the 8D Problem-Solving Report Template 67-slide PPT PowerPoint presentation (PPTX). This PowerPoint template is designed to streamline the compilation of an 8D (Eight Disciplines) problem-solving report. The template covers the following report sections: - D0: Plan - D1: Initiate project team - D2: Define the problem - D3: Implement containment actions - D4: Identify root causes. .