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Students are often asked to write an essay on Future of Artificial Intelligence in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.
Let’s take a look…
Introduction.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of making machines think and learn like humans. It’s an exciting field that’s rapidly changing our world.
In the future, AI could take over many jobs, making our lives easier. Robots could clean our houses, and AI could help doctors diagnose diseases.
However, there are challenges. We need to make sure AI is used responsibly, and that it doesn’t take away too many jobs.
The future of AI is promising, but we need to navigate it carefully to ensure it benefits everyone.
Ai in everyday life.
The future of AI holds promising advancements in everyday life. We can expect more sophisticated personal assistants, smarter home automation, and advanced healthcare systems. AI will continue to streamline our lives, making mundane tasks more efficient.
In business, AI will revolutionize industries by automating processes and creating new business models. Predictive analytics, customer service, and supply chain management will become more efficient and accurate. AI will also enable personalized marketing, enhancing customer experience and retention.
However, the future of AI also poses ethical and societal challenges. Issues such as job displacement due to automation, privacy concerns, and the potential misuse of AI technologies need to be addressed. Ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI systems will be crucial.
In conclusion, the future of AI is a blend of immense potential and challenges. It will transform our lives and businesses, but also necessitates careful consideration of ethical and societal implications. As we move forward, it is essential to foster a global dialogue about the responsible use and governance of AI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed from a fringe scientific concept into a commonplace technology, permeating every aspect of our lives. As we stand on the precipice of the future, it becomes crucial to understand AI’s potential trajectory and the profound implications it might have on society.
The current focus is on developing General AI, machines that can perform any intellectual task that a human being can. While we are yet to achieve this, advancements in Deep Learning and Neural Networks are bringing us closer to this reality.
In the future, AI is expected to become more autonomous and integrated into our daily lives. We will see AI systems that can not only understand and learn from their environment but also make complex decisions, solve problems, and even exhibit creativity.
However, the future of AI is not without its challenges. As AI systems become more autonomous, we must grapple with ethical issues. For instance, who is accountable if an AI system makes a mistake? How do we ensure that AI systems are fair and unbiased?
Moreover, as AI continues to automate tasks, there are concerns about job displacement. While AI will undoubtedly create new jobs, it will also render many existing jobs obsolete. Therefore, societies must prepare for this transition by investing in education and training.
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Home Essay Samples Information Science and Technology
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field, and writing an essay on it can be an excellent way to explore its various aspects. An artificial intelligence essay can be a great opportunity to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of AI and how it can impact society. It can also explore the technical details of AI, such as how it works and how it is developed.
One popular topic for essays about AI is its impact on the job market. AI is transforming industries and creating new jobs, but it is also replacing human workers in some areas. Another interesting topic is the ethics of AI, including issues such as bias and privacy. As AI becomes more advanced, it is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of this technology.
When writing an essay on artificial intelligence, it is essential to choose a specific topic and research it thoroughly. This will help you to develop a clear understanding of the topic and provide strong arguments to support your thesis. You can use a variety of sources, including academic journals, news articles, and books, to gather information and support your ideas.
An essay about AI should also consider the future of this technology. With advancements in machine learning and robotics, the possibilities for AI are endless. Your essay could explore the potential impact of AI on society in the coming years and decades.
In summary, an artificial intelligence essay can cover a broad range of topics, from the technical details of AI to its ethical implications. By choosing a specific topic and conducting thorough research, you can develop a compelling essay that provides valuable insights into this exciting field. If you need inspiration or guidance, you can find numerous artificial intelligence topics for essay and essays about AI on WritingBros.
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Best topics on Artificial Intelligence
1. The Issue of Artificial Intelligence and Intrusion of Privacy
2. The Future Unveiled: Exploring the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence
3. The Rapid Ascent of ChatGPT and the Dawn of Human-Level AI
4. Artificial Intelligence and the Rise of the Unemployment Rate Worldwide
5. Artificial Intelligence and Its Effects on Labor Power
6. Future of Artificial Intelligence: Safe AI Development
7. How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the Future of Work and Technology
8. Future of Artificial Intelligence and the Strategies of Its Use in Business
9. Debate on How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the Future
10. Why Artificial Intelligence Can’t Replace Human
11. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Morality
12. Benefits of Artificial Intelligence for the Environment
13. Benefits Of Using Artificial Intelligence For Humanity
14. People Living Under the Influence of the Matrix
15. AI Applications in Cardiology, Radiology, CT and MR Images: A Review
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by Dave | Real Past Tests | 4 Comments
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of artificual intelligence and whether or not it is a positive development that computers will be smarter than humans someday.
Be sure that you check out my exclusive IELTS Ebooks and materials on Patreon here (and recommend a friend if you can!).
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative consequences. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Real Past IELTS Exam
Many today are worried about the potential drawbacks of artificial intelligence. In my opinion, these concerns are legitimate but on the whole A.I. will allow for new heights to human endeavour.
The chief associated worries concern its misuse by humans initially and machines later. The former is already coming to pass as automation has phased out many traditional jobs. As artificial intelligence becomes more sophisticated, the positions in jeopardy will transition from low-skilled factory staff to data analysts and other white-collar workers. The fear is that companies will be motivated solely by their bottom line, lay off many employees and trigger mass social unrest. Some also believe A.I. portends darker scenarios akin to the apocalyptic dystopias of films like The Matrix and Terminator. This is a possibility though it is impossible to estimate its likelihood.
The speculations above should be taken seriously but they pale in comparison to the technologies A.I. can complement. Companies ranging from Google to Amazon to Tesla are investing heavily in this industry because of its enormous potential. For example, self-driving cars are fast becoming a reality and will reduce the number of vehicular accidents massively. Policymakers in government will be able to take advantage of sophisticated algorithms to project economic policy and positively enhance the lives of billions. In the consumer sphere, smartphones will become increasingly helpful, freeing up individuals to focus their time on work, family, and leisure. This is only a partial list and the most intriguing and impactful applications have yet to be unearthed.
In conclusion, artificial intelligence poses risks to the labour market and the future of humanity, but the opportunities for new projects should take priority. It is important to find a balance and methods of mitigating the dangers.
1. Many today are worried about the potential drawbacks of artificial intelligence. 2. In my opinion, these concerns are legitimate but on the whole A.I. will allow for new heights to human endeavour.
1. The chief associated worries concern its misuse by humans initially and machines later. 2. The former is already coming to pass as automation has phased out many traditional jobs. 3. As artificial intelligence becomes more sophisticated, the positions in jeopardy will transition from low-skilled factory staff to data analysts and other white-collar workers. 4. The fear is that companies will be motivated solely by their bottom line, lay off many employees and trigger mass social unrest. 5. Some also believe A.I. portends darker scenarios akin to the apocalyptic dystopias of films like The Matrix and Terminator. 6. This is a possibility though it is impossible to estimate its likelihood.
1. The speculations above should be taken seriously but they pale in comparison to the technologies A.I. can complement. 2. Companies ranging from Google to Amazon to Tesla are investing heavily in this industry because of its enormous potential. 3. For example, self-driving cars are fast becoming a reality and will reduce the number of vehicular accidents massively. 4. Policymakers in government will be able to take advantage of sophisticated algorithms to project economic policy and positively enhance the lives of billions. 5. In the consumer sphere, smartphones will become increasingly helpful, freeing up individuals to focus their time on work, family, and leisure. 6. This is only a partial list and the most intriguing and impactful applications have yet to be unearthed.
1. In conclusion, artificial intelligence poses risks to the labour market and the future of humanity, but the opportunities for new projects should take priority. 2. It is important to find a balance and methods of mitigating the dangers.
What do the words in bold below mean?
Many today are worried about the potential drawbacks of artificial intelligence . In my opinion, these concerns are legitimate but on the whole A.I. will allow for new heights to human endeavour .
The chief associated worries concern its misuse by humans initially and machines later. The former is already coming to pass as automation has phased out many traditional jobs . As artificial intelligence becomes more sophisticated , the positions in jeopardy will transition from low-skilled factory staff to data analysts and other white-collar workers . The fear is that companies will be motivated solely by their bottom line , lay off many employees and trigger mass social unrest . Some also believe A.I. portends darker scenarios akin to the apocalyptic dystopias of films like The Matrix and Terminator. This is a possibility though it is impossible to estimate its likelihood .
The speculations above should be taken seriously but they pale in comparison to the technologies A.I. can complement . Companies ranging from Google to Amazon to Tesla are investing heavily in this industry because of its enormous potential . For example, self-driving cars are fast becoming a reality and will reduce the number of vehicular accidents massively . Policymakers in government will be able to take advantage of sophisticated algorithms to project economic policy and positively enhance the lives of billions. In the consumer sphere , smartphones will become increasingly helpful , freeing up individuals to focus their time on work, family, and leisure . This is only a partial list and the most intriguing and impactful applications have yet to be unearthed .
In conclusion, artificial intelligence poses risks to the labour market and the future of humanity, but the opportunities for new projects should take priority . It is important to find a balance and methods of mitigating the dangers .
worried about concerned
potential drawbacks possible negatives
artificial intelligence really smart computers/robots
concerns worries
legitimate justified
on the whole overall
new heights greatest achievements
human endeavour what man has accomplished
chief associated worries concern main issues relate to
misuse abuse
initially in the beginning
coming to pass happening now
automation robotic
phased out disappeared
traditional jobs factory workers, old types of labour
sophisticated complex
positions in jeopardy jobs in danger
transition change from
low-skilled factory staff people working in factories, manual labour
data analysts people who look closely at numbers, data
white-collar workers office workers, managers, etc.
motivated solely mainly interested in
bottom line profits
lay off fire
trigger mass social unrest cause unhappiness
portends darker scenarios akin to can foresee bad outcomes similar to
apocalyptic dystopias nightmarish futures
possibility chance
estimate guess
likelihood chance of happening
speculations guesses
taken seriously treated with respect
pale in comparison to much weaker than
complement supplement
ranging from including
investing heavily putting a lot of money into
enormous potential a lot of possibility
self-driving cars automated automobiles
fast becoming a reality quickly becoming true
vehicular accidents massively car crashes a lot
policymakers law-makers, politicians
take advantage of sophisticated algorithms exploit computer programs
project economic policy predict how to manage the economy
positively enhance have a good impact on
consumer sphere what people buy
increasingly helpful more and more positive
freeing up allowing for
focus their time have more time for
leisure free time
partial list not complete
most intriguing most interesting
impactful applications used to the most effect
unearthed uncovered
poses risks has dangers
labour market workers
take priority more important
balance keep things equal
methods means
mitigating lessening the impact of
dangers risks
ˈwʌrid əˈbaʊt pəʊˈtɛnʃəl ˈdrɔːbæks ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ɪnˈtɛlɪʤəns kənˈsɜːnz lɪˈʤɪtɪmɪt ɒn ðə həʊl njuː haɪts ˈhjuːmən ɪnˈdɛvə ʧiːf əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd ˈwʌriz kənˈsɜːn ˌmɪsˈjuːs ɪˈnɪʃəli ˈkʌmɪŋ tuː pɑːs ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n feɪzd aʊt trəˈdɪʃənl ʤɒbz səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ˈʤɛpədi trænˈsɪʒən ləʊ-skɪld ˈfæktəri stɑːf ˈdeɪtə ˈænəlɪsts ˈwaɪtˈkɒlə ˈwɜːkəz ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd ˈsəʊlli ˈbɒtəm laɪn leɪ ɒf ˈtrɪgə mæs ˈsəʊʃəl ʌnˈrɛst pɔːˈtɛndz ˈdɑːkə sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊz əˈkɪn tuː əˈpɒkəlɪptɪk ˈdɪstəʊiːə ˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti ˈɛstɪmɪt ˈlaɪklɪhʊd ˌspɛkjʊˈleɪʃənz ˈteɪkən ˈsɪərɪəsli peɪl ɪn kəmˈpærɪsn tuː ˈkɒmplɪmənt ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frɒm ɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ˈhɛvɪli ɪˈnɔːməs pəʊˈtɛnʃəl sɛlf-ˈdraɪvɪŋ kɑːz fɑːst bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə ri(ː)ˈælɪti vɪˈhɪkjʊlər ˈæksɪdənts ˈmæsɪvli ˈpɒlɪsiˈmeɪkəz teɪk ədˈvɑːntɪʤ ɒv səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd ˈælgərɪðmz ˈprɒʤɛkt ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈpɒlɪsi ˈpɒzətɪvli ɪnˈhɑːns kənˈsjuːmə sfɪə ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli ˈhɛlpfʊl ˈfriːɪŋ ʌp ˈfəʊkəs ðeə taɪm ˈlɛʒə ˈpɑːʃəl lɪst məʊst ɪnˈtriːgɪŋ ˈɪmpæktf(ə)l ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz ʌnˈɜːθt ˈpəʊzɪz rɪsks ˈleɪbə ˈmɑːkɪt teɪk praɪˈɒrɪti ˈbæləns ˈmɛθədz ˈmɪtɪgeɪtɪŋ ˈdeɪnʤəz
Remember and fill in the blanks:
Many today are w______________t the p_________________s of a______________________e . In my opinion, these c____________s are l______________e but o______________e A.I. will allow for n____________s to h______________________r .
The c____________________________________n its m___________e by humans i_____________y and machines later. The former is already c_______________s as a________________n has p______________t many t_____________________s . As artificial intelligence becomes more s______________d , the p______________________y will t_______________n from l__________________________f to d_________________s and other w_____________________s . The fear is that companies will be m____________________y by their b________________e , l_____________f many employees and t_____________________________t . Some also believe A.I. p__________________________________o the a________________________s of films like The Matrix and Terminator. This is a p________________y though it is impossible to e________________e its l_________________d .
The s__________________s above should be t__________________y but they p__________________________o the technologies A.I. can c____________________t . Companies r____________________m Google to Amazon to Tesla are i________________________y in this industry because of its e_______________________l . For example, s___________________s are f_______________________y and will reduce the number of v_____________________________y . P____________________s in government will be able to t__________________________________________s to p___________________________y and p_____________________e the lives of billions. In the c______________________e , smartphones will become i________________________l , f_______________p individuals to f____________________e on work, family, and l____________e . This is only a p________________t and the m__________________g and i________________________s have yet to be u______________d .
In conclusion, artificial intelligence p_____________s to the l__________________t and the future of humanity, but the opportunities for new projects should t_________________y . It is important to find a b_____________e and m____________s of m____________g the d___________s .
How far is too far?
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Demystifying ai: understanding the real impact of artificial intelligence.
Robbie Morrison, CEO of Velosio , is a technology leader with 30+ years of experience driving business success through innovative solutions.
One of the most hyped technologies in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a disruptive force for businesses, the likes of which we haven’t seen since the emergence of cloud technology. The global AI market is growing like wildfire, with projections suggesting it could reach over $1.8 trillion by 2030 .
Much of what I can tell you about AI today, I wouldn’t have been able to say six months ago, and what I tell you is overhyped may be possible in six months—that's how quickly the technology is changing. There are a lot of myths and misconceptions floating around when it comes to AI, which may be holding business leaders back from adopting it.
Some people think that AI is the same as the other types of AI: generative AI, machine learning and deep learning. The truth is that AI is a broad field that encompasses the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include visual perception, speech recognition, decision making and language translation.
On the other hand, generative AI, a subset of AI, refers to the ability of AI systems to generate new, original content, such as text, images, videos or audio, often in response to prompts. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are interconnected fields representing different layers of data processing and automation. ML is a subset of AI that involves algorithms learning from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed for the task.
Giovanni ribisi on his character’s debut in kevin costner’s ‘horizon’, russian troops captured one of ukraine’s dutch armored vehicles, rode it back into battle—and promptly got killed.
DL, a further subset of ML, uses neural networks with many layers (hence "deep") to analyze data, allowing the machine to perform complex tasks like image and speech recognition. Are you confused now? Wait until the next big AI development arrives—general AI, which aims for a machine with a consciousness that can exhibit self-awareness and emotional understanding.
There’s a misconception that AI will take over everyone's jobs. The truth is that AI still requires human intelligence to be effective and will enhance people’s jobs instead of replacing them. AI has the potential to automate up to 70% of employees' time spent on repetitive tasks , which can significantly boost productivity across various sectors.
At Velosio, we are looking at ways to use AI in our back office to automate tasks like collections further. That doesn't mean we will no longer need a collections manager, a controller, a staff accountant or an operations manager. We need those roles filled to interact with AI, and it allows our team to become more efficient so we can scale and grow faster.
The fear that AI could take three jobs and combine them into one is understandable. However, AI's role is to support and augment human tasks, not render them obsolete. By utilizing AI to automate repetitive tasks, employees' time is freed up to focus on higher-value, strategic tasks that will ultimately drive growth through innovation.
Some people think anybody can use AI and get the same results, but that is not the case. For instance, generative AI combines multiple sources of information into one train of thought—but then you need to determine if it’s a valid response. After all, it’s still a computer on the other end, so you need expertise in the best ways to ask the right questions—also known as prompt engineering.
For example, when you talk with someone for the first time, you must determine how to communicate with them. Will you speak English or French? Will you speak to them like you would speak to someone with a Ph.D. or a sixth grader? It's the same with generative AI—you need to determine how to best interact with it, and a knowledgeable person can interface with it at a much higher level. This takes time, but there are also training courses on prompt engineering to get you there faster.
Quick Tip: Increase the effectiveness of your AI interactions by starting with clear and simple prompts. From there, it gradually builds complexity. This approach sets a strong baseline for your queries and will improve your skills with prompt engineering.
AI has the potential to help any business process across all industries where there are repetitive processes, undocumented processes or procedures or anything that requires hands on keyboards. Also, think about anything you currently outsource to a third party—it may make sense to let AI handle it, saving you money. For every $1 a company invests in AI, they realize an average return of $3.50 within 14 months, according to a recent study conducted by research firm IDC and sponsored by Microsoft.
Think about ways to glean more information from your data. AI could have the most impact on data analytics, and I’m excited about what some of our clients are doing in this area. AI can tap into various data sources to streamline workflows and improve sales response times. Salespeople can access the app on the go for complete customer information.
The bottom line is, don’t let myths and misconceptions hold you back from adopting AI. As it advances, the potential applications for AI in business are expanding, promising to deliver significant competitive advantages to those who adopt it. I don’t want you to miss out on efficiency gains within your company by failing to embrace the new technology.
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This image shows Rishi Raja after his surgery. (Rishi Raja / HS Insider)
A few years ago, I went temporarily blind after undergoing surgery for Keratoconus, a rare ocular disease that causes deformation of the cornea. Navigating around my house in the dark was difficult, but I ended up finding my own light through an unexpected pair of helpers: Siri and Alexa.
Using their voices as guides, I was able to navigate through my house, avoid sharply stubbed toes along the way, listen to audiobooks, and stay connected with my social network.
Every day, we’re flooded with more horror stories about the dangers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) – if the doomsayers are to be believed, large language models will be imminently responsible for robbing us of our livelihoods and replacing us in nearly every facet of society. Yet while AI-driven automation is and will continue to radically transform our lives, this fatalist narrative overlooks the plethora of incredible things AI can do to improve our quality of life, especially in regard to healthcare.
AI voice assistants and language models aren’t just useful for googling random trivia questions. They’re becoming increasingly essential tools in diagnosis, treatment, post-op procedures, and medical administration.
For instance, radiologists use Federated Learning, a machine learning approach that trains models across multiple decentralized devices or servers storing local data samples, to share medical imaging data without compromising patient privacy. In operating rooms across the country, surgeons are using specialized glasses, called surgical loupes, that use a combination of Augmented Reality (AR) and AI to ensure quality care.
A report by the National Association of Medicine found that AI systems in clinical settings can drastically improve outcomes for patients and clinical teams, reduce the perennially-ballooning costs plaguing the industry, and improve societal health overall. Similarly, research conducted by the National Library of Medicine further found that advancements in cloud computing have the potential to address many of the supply and demand challenges providers face in an increasingly fraught field.
The narrative of fear surrounding AI may be loud, but in my experience, its true power lies not in the darkness it may cast, but in the light it can bring. Just as Siri and Alexa guided me through my own darkness, AI has the potential to guide countless others through theirs. Whether it’s a surgeon relying on AI-assisted precision during a critical procedure or a patient using an AI-powered app to manage chronic illness, the technology’s potential to better health is undeniable.
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The development of artificial intelligence is speeding up so quickly that it was addressed briefly at both Republican and Democratic conventions. Science fiction has long theorized about the ways in which machines might one day usurp their human overlords. As the capabilities of modern AI grow, Paul Solman looks at the existential threats some experts fear and that some see as hyperbole.
Notice: Transcripts are machine and human generated and lightly edited for accuracy. They may contain errors.
Geoff Bennett:
The development of artificial intelligence is speeding up so quickly that it was addressed briefly at both political conventions, including the Democratic gathering this week.
Of course, science fiction writers and movies have long theorized about the ways in which machines might one day usurp their human overlords.
As the capabilities of modern artificial intelligence grow, Paul Solman looks at the existential threats some experts fear and that some see as hyperbole.
Eliezer Yudkowsky, Founder, Machine Intelligence Research Institute:
From my perspective, there's inevitable doom at the end of this, where, if you keep on making A.I. smarter and smarter, they will kill you.
Paul Solman:
Kill you, me and everyone, predicts Eliezer Yudkowsky, tech pundit and founder back in the year 2000 of a nonprofit now called the Machine Intelligence Research Institute to explore the uses of friendly A.I.; 24 years later, do you think everybody's going to die in my lifetime, in your lifetime?
Eliezer Yudkowsky:
I would wildly guess my lifetime and even your lifetime.
Now, we have heard it before, as when the so-called Godfather of A.I., Geoffrey Hinton, warned Geoff Bennett last spring.
Geoffrey Hinton, Artificial Intelligence Pioneer:
The machines taking over is a threat for everybody. It's a threat for the Chinese and for the Americans and for the Europeans, just like a global nuclear war was.
And more than a century ago, the Czech play "R.U.R.," Rossum's Universal Robots, from which the word robot comes, dramatized the warning.
And since 1921 — that's more than 100 years ago — people have been imagining that the robots will become sentient and destroy us.
Jerry Kaplan, Author, "Generative Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know": That's right.
A.I. expert Stanford's Jerry Kaplan at Silicon Valley's Computer History Museum.
Jerry Kaplan:
That's created a whole mythology, which, of course, has played out in endless science fiction treatments.
Like the Terminator series.
Michael Biehn, Actor:
A new order of intelligence decided our fate in a microsecond, extermination.
Judgment Day forecast for 1997. But, hey, that's Hollywood. And look on the bright side, no rebel robots or even hoverboards or flying cars yet.
On the other hand, robots will be everywhere soon enough, as mass production drives down their cost. So will they soon turn against us?
I got news for you. There's no they there. They don't want anything. They don't need anything. We design and build these things to our own specifications. Now, that's not to say we can't build some very dangerous machines and some very dangerous tools.
Kaplan thinks what humans do with A.I. is much scarier than A.I. on its own, create super viruses, mega drones, God knows what else.
But whodunit aside, the big question still is, will A.I. bring doomsday?
A.I. Reid Hoffman avatar: I'd rate the existential threat of A.I. around a three or four out of 10.
That's the avatar of LinkedIn founder Reid Hoffman, to which we fed the question, 1 being no threat, 10 extinction. What does the real Reid Hoffman say?
Reid Hoffman, Creator, LinkedIn Corporation:
I'm going to go for two on that answer.
I'm going to tell you that your avatar said 3 to 4.
Reid Hoffman:
All right. Well, my avatar is trying to approximate something that is what kind of a bulk of educated, reasonable people would want to hear.
But, hey, even if you told me there was only a one in 10 chance of a ticking time bomb in my room, I would be out of there.
Yudkowsky started warning of rogue A.I. back in 2005. And since?
Things have gone a bit worse than hoped for. And, to be clear, the sting at the end of this is A.I. gets smarter than us, is poorly controlled, and probably humanity becomes collateral damage to its own expansion.
What's the doomsday scenario here?
It is smarter than humanity. From its perspective, it now wants to get independence of humanity. It doesn't want to be running on computers that require electricity that humans have to generate.
There are many more A.I. companies now than just OpenAI. And some of the people there are explicitly like, yes, sure like maybe it'll wipe out humanity, but I don't care about that.
And of all the world's problems, tribalism, climate change, et cetera, you think A.I. is a bigger problem?
I think climate change is unlikely to kill literally everyone, down to the last man, woman and child. At all of the top three companies, I expect the leaders would prefer not to wipe out humanity, but, as they see it, it's not up to them. They got to stay ahead of their competitors.
So what does A.I. itself think?
I asked Amica, a robot hooked up to ChatGPT. Destruction, 1 to 10? The response, a 3.
Amica, ChatGPT A.I.:
The potential for harmony and enhancement exists, but vigilance is paramount. Would you roll the dice on that?
I'm afraid we're all going to be rolling the dice on that. And I'm worried that in your answer, you're saying there's something like a 30 percent chance that A.I., artificial intelligence, will destroy humanity. Shouldn't I be scared?
Your concern is valid, Paul. The 30 percent isn't a direct prediction, but a cautious nod to the uncertainties and ethical dilemmas of handling powerful technology.
But I'm afraid that human beings may not be capable of protecting themselves from the risks of A.I.
That dread is profound. It's daunting, but not without hope. Humanity's resilience has often defied expectations.
Perhaps it's no surprise that the actual human who created ChatGPT, Sam Altman, thinks the same.
Sam Altman, CEO, OpenAI:
I believe that A.I. will be very net good, tremendously net good, but I think, like with any other tool, it'll be misused. Like, you can do great things with a hammer and you can, like, kill people with a hammer. I don't think that absolves us, or you all, or society from trying to mitigate the bad as much as we can and maximize the good.
And Reid Hoffman thinks we can maximize the good.
We have a portfolio risk. We have climate change as a possibility. We have pandemic as a possibility. We have nuclear war as a possibility. We have asteroids as a possibility. We have human world war as a possibility. We have all of these existential risks.
And you go, OK, A.I., is it also an additional existential risk? And the answer is, yes, potentially. But you look at its portfolio and say, what improves our overall portfolio? What reduces existential risk for humanity? And A.I. is one of the things that adds a lot in the positive column.
So, if you think, how do we prevent future natural or manmade pandemic, A.I. is the only way that I think can do that. And also, like, it might even help us with climate change things. So you go, OK, in the net portfolio, our existential risk may go down with A.I.
For the sake of us all, grownups, children, grandchildren, let's hope he's right.
For the "PBS News Hour" in Silicon Valley, Paul Solman.
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Paul Solman has been a correspondent for the PBS News Hour since 1985, mainly covering business and economics.
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Academic publisher Wiley has sold access to its research papers to firms developing large language models. Credit: Timon Schneider/Alamy
Academic publishers are selling access to research papers to technology firms to train artificial-intelligence (AI) models. Some researchers have reacted with dismay at such deals happening without the consultation of authors. The trend is raising questions about the use of published and sometimes copyrighted work to train the exploding number of AI chatbots in development.
Experts say that, if a research paper hasn’t yet been used to train a large language model (LLM), it probably will be soon. Researchers are exploring technical ways for authors to spot if their content being used.
AI models fed AI-generated data quickly spew nonsense
Last month, it emerged that the UK academic publisher Taylor & Francis, had signed a US$10-million deal with Microsoft, allowing the US technology company to access the publisher’s data to improve its AI systems. And in June, an investor update showed that US publisher Wiley had earned $23 million from allowing an unnamed company to train generative-AI models on its content.
Anything that is available to read online — whether in an open-access repository or not — is “pretty likely” to have been fed into an LLM already, says Lucy Lu Wang, an AI researcher at the University of Washington in Seattle. “And if a paper has already been used as training data in a model, there’s no way to remove that paper after the model has been trained,” she adds.
LLMs train on huge volumes of data, frequently scraped from the Internet. They derive patterns between the often billions of snippets of language in the training data, known as tokens, that allow them to generate text with uncanny fluency.
Generative-AI models rely on absorbing patterns from these swathes of data to output text, images or computer code. Academic papers are valuable for LLM builders owing to their length and “high information density”, says Stefan Baack, who analyses AI training data sets at the Mozilla Foundation, a global non-profit organization in San Francisco, California that aims to keep the Internet open for all to access.
How does ChatGPT ‘think’? Psychology and neuroscience crack open AI large language models
Training models on a large body of scientific information also give them a much better ability to reason about scientific topics, says Wang, who co-created S2ORC, a data set based on 81.1 million academic papers. The data set was originally developed for text mining — applying analytical techniques to find patterns in data — but has since been used to train LLMs.
The trend of buying high-quality data sets is growing. This year, the Financial Times has offered its content to ChatGPT developer OpenAI in a lucrative deal, as has the online forum Reddit, to Google. And given that scientific publishers probably view the alternative as their work being scraped without an agreement, “I think there will be more of these deals to come,” says Wang.
Some AI developers, such as the Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Network, intentionally keep their data sets open, but many firms developing generative-AI models have kept much of their training data secret, says Baack. “We have no idea what is in there,” he says. Open-source repositories such as arXiv and the scholarly database PubMed of abstracts are thought to be “very popular” sources, he says, although paywalled journal articles probably have their free-to-read abstracts scraped by big technology firms. “They are always on the hunt for that kind of stuff,” he adds.
Proving that an LLM has used any individual paper is difficult, says Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, a computer scientist at Imperial College London. One way is to prompt the model with an unusual sentence from a text and see whether the output matches the next words in the original. If it does, that is good evidence that the paper is in the training set. But if it doesn’t, that doesn’t mean that the paper wasn’t used — not least because developers can code the LLM to filter responses to ensure they don’t match training data too closely. “It takes a lot for this to work,” he says.
Robo-writers: the rise and risks of language-generating AI
Another method to check whether data are in a training set is known as membership inference attack. This relies on the idea that a model will be more confident about its output when it is seeing something that it has seen before. De Montjoye’s team has developed a version of this, called a copyright trap, for LLMs.
To set the trap, the team generates sentences that look plausible but are nonsense, and hides them in a body of work, for example as white text on a white background or in a field that’s displayed as zero width on a webpage. If an LLM is more ‘surprised’ — a measure known as its perplexity — by an unused control sentence than it is by the one hidden in the text, “that is statistical evidence that the traps were seen before”, he says.
Even if it were possible to prove that an LLM has been trained on a certain text, it is not clear what happens next. Publishers maintain that, if developers use copyrighted text in training and have not sought a licence, that counts as infringement. But a counter legal argument says that LLMs do not copy anything — they harvest information content from training data, which gets broken up, and use their learning to generate new text.
AI is complicating plagiarism. How should scientists respond?
Litigation might help to resolve this. In an ongoing US copyright case that could be precedent-setting, The New York Times is suing Microsoft and ChatGPT’s developer OpenAI in San Francisco, California. The newspaper accuses the firms of using its journalistic content to train their models without permission.
Many academics are happy to have their work included in LLM training data — especially if the models make them more accurate. “I personally don’t mind if I have a chatbot who writes in the style of me,” says Baack. But he acknowledges that his job is not threatened by LLM outputs in the way that those of other professions, such as artists and writers, are.
Individual scientific authors currently have little power if the publisher of their paper decides to sell access to their copyrighted works. For publicly available articles, there is no established means to apportion credit or know whether a text has been used.
Some researchers, including de Montjoye, are frustrated. “We want LLMs, but we still want something that is fair, and I think we’ve not invented what this looks like yet,” he says.
Nature 632 , 715-716 (2024)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02599-9
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Current ai uses, future of ai, artificial intelligence opinion piece, works cited.
A defining characteristic of the last century has been the numerous significant technological advancements made. Most of these advances were facilitated by the invention of the computer, making computer science a critical discipline in modern times. One fascinating and promising branch of computer science is Artificial Intelligence (AI).
This is an interdisciplinary branch of the science that borrows from a wide range of fields including cognitive psychology, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, and philosophy. The field aims at exploring and developing ways in which computer systems can be made to act in a manner that human beings recognize as “intelligent”.
The term “artificial intelligence” was coined in 1956 following concerted interest by scientists from various backgrounds on symbolic processing and computer simulation of human behavior (Palmer 2). While AI as a discipline began in the mid-1950s, its foundations were laid earlier on by a number of prominent British scientists. The 19th century British mathematician Charles Babbage formulated the first computing engine, which served as the precursor of the modern digital computer.
The 19th century Mathematician-logician George Boole invented Boolean algebra, which was used in the operation of digital computer. Last and most important was the British logician-mathematician, Alan Turin, who proposed computer programs based upon logical operators. The proposed machines were capable of interacting and manipulating symbols that included natural language. Palmer reveals that from Turin’s idea or a universal programmable computer, the ideal of AI arose (2).
The initial goals of AI researchers were very ambitious. In the early years of the field, AI scientists sort to fully duplicate the human capacities of thought and language on the digital computer (Palmer 2). Some of the researchers involved in AI projects went so far as to claim that a complete theory of intelligence would be achieved by the late 1960s.
As it turned out, the AI programs did not achieve the momentous results promised. The initial efforts led to the successful design of programs that could prove theorems in symbolic logic. However, the projects failed to succeed in automatic language translation leading to a loss of funding to expert systems, which did not attempt to explain human intelligence but had great practical applications.
There was a regeneration of interest in AI over the 1970s and 1980s as researchers in the US and Europe engaged in expansive studies exploring intuitions about intelligence (Geffner 45). During this period, computer scientists had reduced the ambitions of AI to theories of more modest scope. The quest for certainty and truth had been abandoned for “micro-truths” that can be obtained though common sense introspection.
As opposed to the past where AI research was concentrated on understanding the nature of intelligence, greater emphasis was given to practical application (Palmer 2). The 21st century has witnessed great advances in AI with systems being developed for practical applications.
The past two decades have witnessed an increase in the number of practical AI uses. One area where AI is used with increasing frequency is speech recognition. Computer systems are programmed to understand human natural language and respond to it. Speech recognition is difficult to achieve since human speech is impeded by many factors including accents, slang words, and background noise. As such, computer systems have to have some level of intelligence in order to correctly recognize human voice.
Speech recognition programs have to be trained to understand the particular speech pattern of a user (Geffner 46). After the training, the program can be used for a wide array of practical uses. It can be used to give voice commands to smart vehicles. Smart phones also utilize speech recognition to write text messages or initialize phone calls.
AI has also been used in the creation of intelligent robots that perform a number of tasks. Typical robots, such as those ones used in vehicle assembly are not intelligent in that they are programmed to perform specific tasks in a repetitive manner. AI technology used to make a robot includes artificial neural network, knowledge based system and all possible decision making systems (Bongard 75).
As a result of this, the intelligent robots can adjust to the natural environment and learn from mistakes. These robots have been used for the exploration of unknown environment including distant planets. Using AI, the robot is able to utilize the input from its many different sensors to adapt to the conditions.
The medical field employs AI in medical diagnosis. By use of artificial neural networks, medical professionals are aided in their decision making process. In addition to this, AI helps in the interpretation of medical images and can accurately detect conditions such as tumors (Bongard 80). A knowledge based system that has captured and embedded explicitly human knowledge can be used to suggest treatment options for patients. AI reduces the risk of wrong prescriptions by a physician.
Artificial intelligence is employed in the development of accounting systems. Specifically, AI has been exploited in auditing, taxation, and decision making support. Moudud reveals that neural networks, genetic algorithms, and knowledge-based systems are being used to detect fraud and perform risk analysis (10). By going though vast amounts of data, AI systems are able to identify patterns and therefore highlight irregularities. AI systems have also been used for bankruptcy prediction. Moudud explains that intelligent techniques are used to develop models capable of predicting business failure cases (16).
Artificial intelligence is also used to access the safety of bridges. The structural integrity of bridges is important since their collapse might be disastrous. Shuster explains that by using neural network computing, engineers are able to compare the properties of cracks in beams with the stiffness and thereby compute a health index (40). By using AI, the objectivity of bridge health assessment is assured since the computer does not suffer from the bias that an inspector might have.
While AI has greatly advanced since it was first conceived in the 1950s, the field has not achieved the goal of creating machines that can solve problems independently like humans and learn and improve from each encounter (Bongard 74). However, researchers predict some significant breakthroughs in AI in the future.
Advances are being made to improve the speech recognition abilities of machines. With technological advances, intelligent machines are predicted to not only be able to recognize and communicate fluently in natural language but also detect emotions and respond to them (Bongard 76). Emotion detection and emulation will be a great advancement in AI since it closely mimics human behavior.
AI researchers are working on creating systems that not only analyze vast amounts of data and come up with “intelligent” solutions, but systems that can come up with ideas. Such systems would be able to mimic human intelligence through their perceptiveness (Geffner 45). In addition to this, there are projects aimed at creating machines that have some level of self-awareness in the same way that humans do. While these projects are still in their infancy, it is hoped that as huge technological advances are made, there will be sufficient processing power available to achieve such goals.
In terms of uses, there are many possible applications of AI in the future. Researchers are already working on intelligent power grids. These smart power grids will utilize neural networks to have electricity flowing in both directions (Geffner 50). The grid will be able to adjust electricity distribution dynamically in response to the changing demand in the various areas. The military is also exploring ways in which it can exploit AI in combat. Specifically, there are plans for introducing soldier robots that will be able to carry out fighting tasks currently undertaken by human beings. The AI fighting machines will be able to react to situations in the battlefield in the same way that humans do (Geffner 49). These machines will be able to discriminate between enemy combatants and innocent civilians. These machines will increase the efficiency of a country’s military force while reducing human casualty.
The field of AI has not advanced in the manner that its pioneers envisioned it would. Even so, Artificial Intelligence has exhibited growth and it has contributed in many of the technological advances made today. The future promises to bring even more engaging innovations in this field. Some AI researchers are hopeful that by 2050, systems that possess self awareness and are capable of producing independent thoughts will have been created. If this is achieved, Allan Turin’s vision of Artificial Intelligence will have been realized.
Artificial Intelligence is one of the fields where there exist differences in opinions about the overall benefits of the disciple to mankind. The negative views on AI stem from the supposed dangers that intelligent machines might present to man. Opponent of AI predict that as the field is advanced, self aware machines that can rise against man will be created. In the present, the opponents point out that AI is creating a condition where machines take over more jobs that could otherwise be performed by people. However, a careful look at the advances and applications of AI over the last few decades suggests that this field is making a positive contribution to human life.
Modern discoveries in remote regions including outer space have been greatly aided by AI. Using these systems, scientists have been able to discover unexplored places including the planet Mars. AI machines used for exploration are made such that they can endure hostile physical environments (Chatfield par 3). Their intelligence makes it possible for them to adapt to the real conditions in their environment and achieve the set scientific objectives.
Since there is no risk of harm to humans when using intelligent machines, scientists have been able to engage in the exploration of dangerous lands. Without AI, it would be impossible for exploration into distant or dangerous regions to be made since such activities would involve great risk to human life.
AI increases the efficiency with which work is performed. Whether intelligent machines are used independently or to assist humans, they result in added speed and accuracy of performing tasks (Moshe 5). For example, application of AI systems in the medical field can reduce unnecessary testing by predicting the impact that a medical test will have in the eventual decision making of the physician (Cismondi 345). The risk of error is also decreased since AI machines can have a knowledge base that will be utilized to highlight errors.
Intelligent machines can perform better in activities that require decision making since they are not prone to bias. Once the machine learns how to perform a task, it can be expect to keep performing consistently without error. The machine will always make the rational decision since its judgment is not clouded (Moshe 5). The lack of emotion also means that AI systems can be relied upon to think logically at all times. Objectivity is therefore ensured when AI systems are employed.
AI has contributed to the high rate of technological advances currently being enjoyed. AI machines have been used to make many computer models that have been used for various innovative purposes (Tseng 465). The high degree of accuracy and the speed with which this modeling has occurred has speeded up the making of technological and scientific discoveries. It can be expected that as more AI systems are implemented, these technological growth rate will increase thereby benefiting humankind even more.
The human civilization is enjoying many benefits because of AI. These advantages have led to increased interest in advancing the field. At the present, AI is considered to be in its infancy stage and it is expected that as the field advances, many more applications of these systems will be developed. These developments will be harnessed to benefit.
Chatfield, Tom. Artificial intelligence: The machines with alien minds. 2013.
Cismondi, Federico. “Reducing unnecessary lab testing in the ICU with artificial intelligence.” International Journal of Medical Informatics 82.5 (2013): 345-358.
Moshe, Vardi. Artificial Intelligence: Past and Future . Communications of the ACM 55.1 (2012)5-6.
Tseng, Chun. “Patent analysis for technology development of artificial intelligence: A country-level comparative study.” Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 15.4 (2013): 463–475. Print.
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How does artificial intelligence master urological board examinations a comparative analysis of different large language models’ accuracy and reliability in the 2022 in-service assessment of the european board of urology, related papers.
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Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines. This is in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and animals. With Artificial Intelligence, machines perform functions such as learning, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Most noteworthy, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines.
106 Artificial Intelligence Essay Topics & Samples. 6 min. In a research paper or any other assignment about AI, there are many topics and questions to consider. To help you out, our experts have provided a list of 76 titles, along with artificial intelligence essay examples, for your consideration. Table of Contents.
To get a good command of essay writing, students must practise CBSE Essays on different topics. Artificial Intelligence Essay. Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is concerned with getting computers to do tasks that would normally require human ...
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This trend is planned to increase, and by 2024 the global use of AI in the energy industry will reach $7. Artificial Intelligence in Soil Health Monitoring. Therefore, the new value provided by AI technology is that it allows automation and algorithm-based predictions for more solid decision-making.
An essay on artificial intelligence demonstrates your grasp of fundamental concepts, showcasing your knowledge of AI's principles, applications, and impact. Crafting such an essay hones your ability to analyze complex topics, fostering critical thinking as you explore the implications, benefits, and challenges of AI.
In the editorial "A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence" by Michael Haenlein and Andreas Kaplan, the authors explore the history of artificial intelligence (AI), the current challenges firms face, and the future of AI. The authors classify AI into analytical, human-inspired ...
Artificial intelligence is referred to as machine intelligence. It basically refers to the capability of machines to emulate human intelligence. Machines are now capable of learning, planning, thinking, and problem-solving, thanks to artificial intelligence. The most notable aspect of artificial intelligence is how robots simulate human intellect.
Artificial Intelligence Essay in 300 Words for School Students. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an attempt to converge computer science, mathematics, and cognitive science into singular units to create machines with human intelligence. These machines help in learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and language understanding. ...
88 essay samples found. A college essay on AI allows one to delve into the intriguing world where machines and algorithms shape the future. It demonstrates how exciting the field of advanced technology and its impact on human society can be. When preparing a persuasive and argumentative essay on artificial intelligence, it is essential to ...
500 Words Essay on Importance of Artificial Intelligence The Rise of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our everyday lives, transforming the way we work, play, and interact with the world around us. It is a field of computer science that mimics human intelligence in machines, enabling them to ...
Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computers, which imitates the human intelligence and senses, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. Artificial Intelligence has brought a revolution in the world of technology.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that historically required human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and identifying patterns. AI is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and ...
In this topic, we are going to provide an essay on Artificial Intelligence. This long essay on Artificial Intelligence will cover more than 1000 words, including Introduction of AI, History of AI, Advantages and disadvantages, Types of AI, Applications of AI, Challenges with AI, and Conclusion. This long essay will be helpful for students and ...
250 Words Essay on Artificial Intelligence Introduction. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field of technology that seeks to create machines capable of thought and learning. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science, mathematics, and engineering to develop systems that can mimic human intelligence. Types ...
9. The portrayal of women in the media. 10. The challenges and opportunities of globalization. Feel free to choose any of these topics to create an outline.... View our collection of artificial intelligence essays. Find inspiration for topics, titles, outlines, & craft impactful artificial intelligence papers.
250 Words Essay on Future of Artificial Intelligence Introduction. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, from smartphones to autonomous vehicles. The future of AI is a topic of intense debate and speculation among scientists, technologists, and futurists. AI in Everyday Life
Fengchun, M. et al. (2021) AI and education: a guide for policymakers.Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Gulson, K. et al. (2018) Education, work and Australian society in an AI world. Web. IBM. (2020) Artificial intelligence.Web. Live Tiles. (2021) 15 pros and 6 cons of artificial intelligence in the classroom. Web. Mikropoulos, T. A. (2018) Research on e-Learning and ICT in education: technological ...
Artificial intelligence is an imitation of human knowledge that is programmed in different machines, using algorithms, to simulate the thought process and actions of humans. The first concepts for AI started in the 1950s, where many mathematicians, scientists, and philosophers explored the possibility of machines that problem solved and made ...
Essay Topics. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field, and writing an essay on it can be an excellent way to explore its various aspects. An artificial intelligence essay can be a great opportunity to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of AI and how it can impact society. It can also explore the technical details of AI ...
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of artificual intelligence and whether or not it is a positive development that computers will be smarter than humans someday. ... IELTS Ebooks and materials on Patreon here (and recommend a friend if you can!). Dave. IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer Essay: Artificial Intelligence.
On the other hand, generative AI, a subset of AI, refers to the ability of AI systems to generate new, original content, such as text, images, videos or audio, often in response to prompts.
Topics. Arts and Entertainment Coronavirus Coverage Creative Writing Education Featured Food News Opinion Photo/Video Podcasts ... Every day, we're flooded with more horror stories about the dangers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - if the doomsayers are to be believed, large language models will be imminently responsible for robbing us of ...
Experts look ahead to artificial general intelligence by Alan Boyle on August 17, 2024 at 8:27 am August 17, 2024 at 8:27 am Share 24 Tweet Share Reddit Email
Artificial Intelligence and People's Lives. According to Makridakis, "The goal of artificial intelligence includes learning, reasoning, and perception, and machines are wired using a cross-disciplinary approach based on mathematics, computer science, linguistics, and psychology" (49). Artificial intelligence has significant impacts on our ...
The development of artificial intelligence is speeding up so quickly that it was addressed briefly at both Republican and Democratic conventions. Science fiction has long theorized about the ways ...
Artificial-intelligence developers are buying access to valuable data sets that contain research papers — raising uncomfortable questions about copyright.
Artificial intelligence: The machines with alien minds. 2013. Cismondi, Federico. "Reducing unnecessary lab testing in the ICU with artificial intelligence." International Journal of Medical Informatics 82.5 (2013): 345-358. Moshe, Vardi. Artificial Intelligence: Past and Future. Communications of the ACM 55.1 (2012)5-6. Tseng, Chun.
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04844-2 Corpus ID: 267927683; Letter to the editor, "How does artificial intelligence master urological board examinations?" @article{Wang2024LetterTT, title={Letter to the editor, "How does artificial intelligence master urological board examinations?"}, author={Junjun Wang and Xing Yun}, journal={World Journal of Urology}, year={2024}, volume={42}, pages={1 ...
APA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, concise, and inclusive manner. When style works best, ideas flow logically, sources are credited appropriately, and papers are organized predictably. People are described using language that affirms their worth and dignity.