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The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

What's Next?

Trying to figure out what extracurriculars you should do? Learn more about participating in the Science Olympiad , starting a club , doing volunteer work , and joining Student Government .

Studying for the SAT? Check out our expert study guide to the SAT . Taking the SAT in a month or so? Learn how to cram effectively for this important test .

Not sure where you want to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school . Also, determine your target SAT score or target ACT score .

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Ask a Question Below

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IB Extended Essay: Past Essays

• Research Questions
• Past Essays
• Notes & Outlines
• Works Cited Page
• In-Text Citations
• Assessment Criteria
• Reflections
• Supervisor Info
• Net Valley Library This link opens in a new window

Check these CAREFULLY to be sure your topic fits with IB expectations!

• Language & literature (language A)
• Language acquisition (language B)
• Mathematics
• Visual Arts
• World Studies

Business Management

English a & b ee examples.

• English A EE Example
• English A EE Example 1
• English A EE Example 2
• English A EE Example 3
• English B EE Example
• English B EE Example 1
• English B EE Example 2
• English B EE Example 3
• English B EE Example 4
• English B EE Example 5
• English B EE Example 6

Philosophy EE Examples

• Philosophy Example 1
• Philosophy Example 2
• Philosophy Example 3
• Philosophy Example 4

Economics EE Examples

• Econ Example 1
• Econ Example 2
• Econ Example 3
• Econ Example 4
• Econ Example 5
• Econ Example 6
• Econ Example 7
• Econ Example 8

Review Past Papers

• From the IB:  papers from other students and how they scored
• Renaissance Library Past Essays :  Links to all subject area examples

Music EE Examples

• Music EE Example 1
• Music EE Example 2
• Music EE Example 3
• Music EE Example 4

Psychology EE Examples

• Psych EE Example 1
• Psych EE Example 2
• Psych EE Example 3

Chinese EE Examples

• Chinese EE Example 1
• Chinese EE Example 2
• Chinese EE Example 3
• Chinese A EE Cat 1
• Chinese A EE Cat 2
• Chinese A EE Cat 3
• Chinese B EE Example 1
• Chinese B EE Example 2
• Chinese B Example 3
• Business EE Example 1
• Business EE Example 2
• Business EE Example 3

Visual Arts EE Examples

• Visual Arts EE Example 1
• Visual Arts EE Example 2
• Visual Arts EE Example 3
• Visual Arts EE Example 4

Film EE Examples

• Film Example 1
• Film Example 2

Chemistry EE Examples

• Chemistry EE Example

Biology EE Examples

• Biology EE Example
• Biology EE Example 1
• Biology EE Example 2
• Biology EE Example 3

Physics EE Examples

• Physics EE Example
• Physics EE Example 1
• Physics EE Example 2
• Physics EE Example 3
• Physics EE Example 4
• Physics EE Example 5

Math EE Examples

• Math EE Example 1
• Math EE Example 2
• Math EE Example 3
• Math EE Example 4
• Math EE Example 5
• Math EE Example 6

World Studies EE Examples

• World Studies Example 1
• World Studies Example 2
• World Studies Example 3
• World Studies Example 4
• World Studies Example 5
• World Studies Example 6
• World Studies Example 7
• World Studies Example 8
• World Studies Example 9
• World Studies Example 10
• World Studies Example 11
• World Studies Example 12
• World Studies Example 13
• World Studies Example 14
• World Studies Example 15
• World Studies Example 16
• World Studies Example 17
• World Studies Example 18
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• Last Updated: Apr 9, 2024 9:39 AM
• URL: https://sis-cn.libguides.com/ExtendedEssay

Extended Essay Writers

How to Write a Math Extended Essay? A Comprehensive Guide

Luke MacQuoid

Ah, the Math extended essay! It’s an excellent opportunity for students in the IB program to showcase their knack for numbers. From my experience, crafting an impactful essay requires mathematical talent and a solid understanding of what makes a paper genuinely resonate.

Throughout this article, you’ll find gems on selecting Math extended essay topics , how to structure your essay, and even some common pitfalls to avoid. So, let’s jump right in, shall we?

What is a Math Extended Essay?

You may be pondering, “What is a Math extended essay?” According to the IB criteria, this piece is a 4,000-word research document that prompts students to research a mathematical topic of interest thoroughly. It’s not just an ordinary research paper; think of it as your gateway to mastering a subject you’re genuinely passionate about. Trust me, from my experience, it’s a pivotal component of your academic growth.

Let’s clarify further. Math extended essay isn’t just a routine school assignment you might complete on a typical day. Instead, it’s a comprehensive exploration of a distinct topic within Mathematics. But remember, it’s not all about numbers or equations. It’s about showcasing your ability to reason, analyze, and communicate your findings in writing.

Here are all the critical elements of a top-notch Math extended essay :

• Clear Thesis . A strong paper begins with a defined proposition or statement set for investigation.
• Thorough Research . Look into reputable sources, journals, and academic papers. Absorb as much relevant information as possible.
• Logical Flow . Your essay should transition smoothly from one topic to the next, ensuring readers can follow your train of thought easily.
• In-depth Analysis . Beyond stating facts, analyze them critically and draw your conclusions.
• Personal Touch . Reflect on your genuine interest and connection with the topic.
• Effective Expression . Aim for clarity in your writing, ensuring readers can quickly grasp your points.
• Ethical Standards . Properly cite all your sources and avoid any form of plagiarism.
• Reflection . Share insights on your learning process, the challenges faced, and the strategies you employed to address them.

So, you might wonder, “Why take on such a demanding task?” Here’s the thing: based on what I’ve learned and observed, the Math extended essay plays a significant role in the IB program. It’s essential for obtaining your IB diploma and can significantly enhance your college application. More importantly, it’s an opportunity to challenge yourself academically, fostering intellectual growth.

Committing to this task and seeing it through will be a significant academic accomplishment. Best of luck!

Getting Started with Your Math Extended Essay

The inception of any great essay starts with topic selection and understanding the guidelines, naturally.

Topic Selection

Choosing the right topic is the first milestone. Think about the Mathematical areas that captivate your interest. Whether it’s the logic of algebra, the complexity of calculus, or any other field, there’s a vast Mathematical universe to explore. While broad subjects might seem tempting, concentrating on specific IB Math extended essay topics is often more effective. Your issue should be clear-cut and straightforward and uphold strong academic integrity in line with IB standards.

Understanding Guidelines

After settling on a topic, it’s essential to acquaint yourself with the IB’s precise expectations . From my experience, grasping these guidelines is foundational to the essay’s success:

• The IB has detailed guidelines regarding the structure and layout of extended essays. Ensure you’re well-versed in font choice, spacing, and the like.
• While the IB often leans towards MLA or APA citation styles, be sure to check the style preferred by your institution. Accurate citations aren’t just about avoiding plagiarism; they lend authenticity to your work.
• IB evaluates your extended essay based on distinct criteria, such as clarity, depth of knowledge, presentation, and personal connection to the topic. Familiarizing yourself with these parameters can guide your research and writing trajectory.
• The extended essay process in the IB program includes consultations with a designated supervisor. These sessions are golden opportunities to glean insights and refine your approach.

In essence, the proper groundwork ensures a smoother path ahead. With a compelling topic and a robust grasp of the IB guidelines, you’re primed to craft a stellar Math extended essay. Embrace the process and aim for excellence!

Math Extended Essay: Research and Planning

Research is the backbone of your essay! Adequate preparation is necessary for a subject as complex and layered as Math.

Behind every successful essay is a bedrock of meticulous research and detailed planning. Given the intricate nature of Mathematics, gathering your tools and strategies is paramount before plunging into the writing phase. First, seek out robust platforms that offer a plethora of verified information :

• Online Databases . Websites like JSTOR , Google Scholar , and MathSciNet host a rich collection of articles, papers, and journals dedicated to Mathematics.
• Academic Journals . Publications such as the “American Journal of Mathematics” or the “European Journal of Mathematics” provide peer-reviewed papers on many topics.
• University Libraries . Many universities offer access to their digital libraries, which can be goldmines for in-depth research.
• Professors and Mentors . Never underestimate the power of a conversation. Sometimes, discussing your topic with experts can lead to new insights and perspectives.

Remember, the depth and breadth of your research directly influence the strength of your arguments. Always verify the authenticity of your sources; a well-researched essay stands tall among its peers.

Timeline for Writing Math Extended Essay

Managing time is a lifesaver in the whirlwind of IB coursework, deadlines, and extracurriculars. Crafting a detailed timeline ensures you stay on track and prevents last-minute scrambles.

• Exploration . Dedicate the initial phase to exploring potential topics, understanding guidelines, and preliminary reading.
• Intensive Research . This phase involves deep diving into your chosen topic, gathering data, and organizing your findings.
• Drafting . Begin with an initial draft. Lay down your arguments, flesh out your thoughts, and structure your content.
• Review and Refinement . Revisit your draft, make necessary revisions, and incorporate feedback from peers or mentors.
• Finalization . Proofread, ensure adherence to guidelines, and prepare for submission.

Breaking down your process into manageable chunks alleviates stress and enhances the quality of your work.

Need help with your IB extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the wordcount and stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for selected IB group .

To wrap it up, remember that while the task might seem daunting, meticulous research and detailed planning are your allies. Harness them wisely; your Math extended essay will meet and exceed expectations. Happy researching!

Structuring Your Math Extended Essay

Organization is key, folks! How you structure your essay could make or break your grade.

Introduction

Your introduction should present the issue you’re investigating, why it matters, and how you plan to tackle it. This part is the roadmap of your essay; it sets the tone for the reader.

In this section, present your research, arguments, and findings. Dabble in some theory, show your equations or models, and remember to analyze their relevance. As you go, remember to build a logical flow. Use transition words to guide your reader through your discussion.

It is where you tie all your findings together. A well-crafted conclusion leaves a lasting impression, briefly highlighting your significant discoveries and their implications.

Math Extended Essay: Common Mistakes to Avoid

When creating an essay of the caliber expected for the IB program, the devil is often in the details. Many students have sailed through the bulk of their paper writing only to stumble near the finish line due to seemingly minor oversights. Awareness of these pitfalls is essential, especially in an undertaking as significant as the Math extended essay.

A common trap that students often fall into is vagueness. One might use ambiguous phrases or general statements to sound sophisticated or cover a wide range of ideas. Instead of making broad claims, focus on your main idea and flesh it out with detail and precision. 

Another critical area that cannot be overemphasized is plagiarism. While it’s tempting to borrow a perfectly phrased sentence or a well-structured argument, doing so without proper attribution is academically dishonest and can jeopardize your entire essay. When in doubt, always give credit where credit is due.

Another often overlooked aspect is the flow and structure of the essay. Transitioning smoothly from one point to the next, ensuring that each segment of your paper leads seamlessly into the next, can make a difference in your work’s overall quality and readability.

Review and Revision in Math Extended Essay

One of the most powerful tools in this phase is peer review. While you’ve been deeply engrossed in your essay and every argument, equation, and citation, there’s immense value in having another set of eyes scan your work. It doesn’t necessarily mean someone who’s an expert in your topic but can provide a fresh perspective. They can identify areas that might be unclear to a new reader.

Following peer review, there’s the intricate task of editing and proofreading. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they serve distinct purposes. Editing is all about refining the content. Proofreading, on the other hand, is about the nitty-gritty. It ensures that your grammar is spot-on and that there are no misplaced punctuations.

In all of this, reflection is a vital element often overlooked. Taking a step back, setting your essay aside for a day or two, and returning to it with renewed vigor is immensely beneficial. With a fresh mindset, you might find new angles to consider or realize there are redundant points that can be removed.

To Sum It Up

Writing a Math extended essay can be challenging but also incredibly rewarding. So, according to general IB criteria and years of personal experience, the time and effort you invest in this project will be well worth it. Good luck, young scholars!

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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anxiety in adolescents, what effect does the difference in radius at the top and bottom of the roller coaster loop have on the maximum change in g-force that a passenger experiences, to what extent can four seasons hotel’s success be attributed to its corporate culture and isadore sharp’s leadership style, how does the concentration of harpagoside, which is identified by the surface area of the spot on the chromatography paper, changes in the equine mane over the period of one month after gradual consumption of the supplement “devil’s claw”, what is the relationship between the height of the siphon and the flow velocity out of the siphon, what is the effect of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mm nacl) measured through microscopic (stomatal aperture) and morphological (leaf area, leaf dry mass, and root length) characteristics on pre-treated radish (raphanus sativus) seeds with magnetopriming (48 hours), to what extent has the launch of disney+ proven successful in advancing 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affect the total phenolic content extracted from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), quantified by folin-ciocalteu assay.

Extended Essay (First Exams 2018): Examples of Extended Essays

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Samples from the IBO

The IBO publishes two volumes of  50 Excellent Extended Essays , covering all Diploma Programme groups -- and all scored a top A grade.

Click on the link below to access PDFs of the essays. 

50 Excellent Extended Essays

All 50 essays are also available in electronic form in the QD Library on the iPads.  Look for the display at the circulation desk. The essays are found in the iBooks app. The iPads are available for check out at the circulation for periods of 30 minutes at one time.

Recently, the IBO has produced another list of exemplars with marks. Click on the link below to access this:

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Excellent Extended Essays - Mathematics

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2016-2025 IB Extended Essay: Sample IB EE's

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• Biology (2018 new rubric)
• Biology Light Intensity
• Does Age Have an Effect on Short-term Memory of 6 to 18 Year Old Students?

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• Chemistry 1
• What are the Alternative Fuels for the Depleting Fossil Fuels and which is the Best Fuel in Accordance with the Energy Output?
• A Copper Ions
• Chemistry 3

Design Technology

• Does Hull Trim and Balance Affect the Speed of a Boat?

Individuals & Society:

• Market Form of the Retail Petroleum Supply Industry in Parklands
• Economics 1
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I have an exemplar but the file is too big to upload.  If you are interested in this topic I can share the essay with you.

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• To What Extent was the Establishment of the State of Israel in Palestine in 1948, Influenced by Theodor Herzl?

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• Applied Behavior Analysis and Early Intervention: The Extent of Recovery from Autism
• Psychology 1
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• Social & Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social & Cultural Anthropology 2

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• To What Extent do the Core Scriptural Teachings of Sikhism Permit them to Marry Outside of the Religion?
• World Religions 1
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• French: Les Liaisons Dangereuses

Literature & Language 

•   Journeys in the Inferno and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz   
•   Toni Morrison 

Math: 

•   Cryptography and Rubik's Cube: An Investigative Analysis   
•   Pascal's Triangle 

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•   How Does the work of Yinka Shonibare Illustrate the Changing Role of African Art in a Global Society? 
• Ballet's Accessibility and Costumes Affecting Society's View of the Art Form
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Extended Essay: Group 5: Mathematics

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Mathematics

An extended essay (EE) in mathematics is intended for students who are writing on any topic that has a mathematical focus and it need not be confined to the theory of mathematics itself.

Essays in this group are divided into six categories:

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics—eg geometry or fractal theory
• the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems—eg number theory
• the history of mathematics: the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds or thousands of years
• the effect of technology on mathematics:
• in forging links between different branches of mathematics,
• or in bringing about a new branch of mathematics, or causing a particular branch to flourish.

These are just some of the many different ways that mathematics can be enjoyable or useful, or, as in many cases, both.

For an Introduction in a Mathematics EE look HERE . 

Choice of topic

The EE may be written on any topic that has a mathematical focus and it need not be confined to the theory of mathematics itself.

Students may choose mathematical topics from fields such as engineering, the sciences or the social sciences, as well as from mathematics itself.

Statistical analyses of experimental results taken from other subject areas are also acceptable, provided that they focus on the modeling process and discuss the limitations of the results; such essays should not include extensive non-mathematical detail.

A topic selected from the history of mathematics may also be appropriate, provided that a clear line of mathematical development is demonstrated. Concentration on the lives of, or personal rivalries between, mathematicians would be irrelevant and would not score highly on the assessment criteria.

It should be noted that the assessment criteria give credit for the nature of the investigation and for the extent that reasoned arguments are applied to an appropriate research question.

Students should avoid choosing a topic that gives rise to a trivial research question or one that is not sufficiently focused to allow appropriate treatment within the requirements of the EE.

Students will normally be expected either to extend their knowledge beyond that encountered in the Diploma Programme mathematics course they are studying or to apply techniques used in their mathematics course to modeling in an appropriately chosen topic.

However, it is very important to remember that it is an essay that is being written, not a research paper for a journal of advanced mathematics, and no result, however impressive, should be quoted without evidence of the student’s real understanding of it.

Example and Treatment of Topic

Examples of topics

These examples are just for guidance. Students must ensure their choice of topic is focused (left-hand column) rather than broad (right-hand column

Treatment of the topic

Whatever the title of the EE, students must apply good mathematical practice that is relevant to the

chosen topic, including:

• data analysed using appropriate techniques

• arguments correctly reasoned

• situations modeled using correct methodology

• problems clearly stated and techniques at the correct level of sophistication applied to their solution.

Research methods

Students must be advised that mathematical research is a long-term and open-ended exploration of a set of related mathematical problems that are based on personal observations. 

The answers to these problems connect to and build upon each other over time.

Students’ research should be guided by analysis of primary and secondary sources.

A primary source for research in mathematics involves:

• data-gathering

• visualization

• abstraction

• conjecturing

• proof.

A secondary source of research refers to a comprehensive review of scholarly work, including books, journal articles or essays in an edited collection.

A literature review for mathematics might not be as extensive as in other subjects, but students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the mathematics they are using in the context of the broader discipline, for example how the mathematics they are using has been applied before, or in a different area to the one they are investigating.

Writing the essay

Throughout the EE students should communicate mathematically:

• describing their way of thinking

• writing definitions and conjectures

• using symbols, theorems, graphs and diagrams

• justifying their conclusions.

There must be sufficient explanation and commentary throughout the essay to ensure that the reader does not lose sight of its purpose in a mass of mathematical symbols, formulae and analysis.

The unique disciplines of mathematics must be respected throughout. Relevant graphs and diagrams are often important and should be incorporated in the body of the essay, not relegated to an appendix.

However, lengthy printouts, tables of results and computer programs should not be allowed to interrupt the development of the essay, and should appear separately as footnotes or in an appendix. Proofs of key results may be included, but proofs of standard results should be either omitted or, if they illustrate an important point, included in an appendix.

Examples of topics, research questions and suggested approaches

Once students have identified their topic and written their research question, they can decide how to

research their answer. They may find it helpful to write a statement outlining their broad approach. These

examples are for guidance only.

An important note on “double-dipping”

Students must ensure that their EE does not duplicate other work they are submitting for the Diploma Programme. For example, students are not permitted to repeat any of the mathematics in their IA in their EE, or vice versa.

The mathematics EE and internal assessment

An EE in mathematics is not an extension of the internal assessment (IA) task. Students must ensure that they understand the differences between the two.

• The EE is a more substantial piece of work that requires formal research
• The IA is an exploration of an idea in mathematics.

It is not appropriate for a student to choose the same topic for an EE as the IA. There would be too much danger of duplication and it must therefore be discouraged.

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How to Choose an EE Topic (Mathematics)

The Extended Essay is undoubtedly one of the most feared components of the IB program. A 4,000 word research paper can, in fact, seem daunting to those who have only written 500-1000 word essays. Therefore, students should choose a topic that they can not only find sources for, but are also passionate about it.

Mathematics Extended Essays are rare — of the 87,519 Extended Essays submitted in the 2020 May Examination Session only 2,454 were done over Mathematics (2.8%) ( IB Statistical Bulletin 2020 ). Despite the rarity, I chose to write a Mathematics EE because maths is something that fascinates me. To many students, Mathematics EEs sound scary and barely consider writing one. There were many people that told me I was insane and that it was impossible. In the end, I put in the work to make it happen. 

I chose to write my paper on Game Theory and my research question was: “To what extent does Game Theory play a role in Modern Warfare?” 

I found this topic not unlike the way students writing History EEs find their own specific topics. Just as history has countless events in which one can write about, Mathematics is similar with its various branches. I chose a branch that interested me (Game Theory) and used it to solve a real-world problem (Modern Warfare). My economics teacher actually suggested this idea.  They said that, while Game Theory is primarily used in economics, it has numerous applications to maths when discussed alongside warfare. This qualified my essay as a Category 1 Mathematics Extended Essay, which is a paper that discusses “the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems” (p. 96, IB Extended Essay Guide ). 

Writing the essay is where, I admit, it got challenging. During the process I had no peers to help me as only a few others had chosen a Mathematics EE, but none of their topics related to mine. Fortunately, my mentor was extremely helpful and I was able to find several books at my local university that were very useful.

Mathematics Extended Essays are bizarre in many ways as things such as word count, varied sentence structure, and high vocabulary do not matter. However, it should be noted that effective communication is key even if that’s done through mathematical expressions. Despite these challenges, I strongly believe that Mathematics EEs are doable, and more people would do them if there was not such a negative stigma about them. I encourage all future IB sessions to consider doing one as the feeling when you have finished is unlike any other. The pride and satisfaction I felt knowing that I took the path less travelled and still found success is something that I hope all future IB students will experience.

You may also like…

• Our Extended Essay series
• Tiffany’s tips for Mathematics HL

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IB Math Extended Essay Topics: 20+ Ideas for Inspiration

by  Antony W

September 3, 2022

Do you feel stuck on searching for and choosing the best IB Math Extended Essay topics? Or maybe you already have a topic for consideration but it isn’t viable enough to fit the scope of the assignment?

You’ve come to the right place.

In this guide, we’ll give you 15+ IB Math ideas that you can use as inspiration to come up with your own topic or modify and investigate further in your extended essay.

What’s the Purpose of IB Math Extended Essay?

An extended essay in mathematics gives you the chance to demonstrate an understanding of any part of the subject.

You can give an expression on the beauty of mathematics in geometry or fractal theory, the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems, and the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period.

The extended essay also allows you to demonstrate the link between the different branches of mathematics and the powerful structures that enable many different problems to be solved by a single theory and the way in which mathematics is applied to real-world situations.

Your essay requires a well-defined and focused research question. An abstract is no longer necessary in an extended essay , but you’re welcome to include it if you believe it will summarizes your strategy to solving the research question and your findings

Math Extended Essay Writing Assistance

While Math opens up an opportunity to explore complex issues beyond the IB Diploma course , the subject can be extremely challenging for some IB students.

If you’re one of the students who chose Math for the Extended Essay project but you find the subject challenging, you can get help online from experts in the subject.

Help for Assessment offers the most  comprehensive Extended Essay help   in Mathematics, even on a topic that you would consider too complex to handle. With our help, you’ll find complex concepts easy to understand, not to mention you’ll get your Math assignment completed on time.

We understand that Math tasks can be costly and involving. However, we’ve made our writing service as affordable as possible, so you can get professional writing help.

We can write you first draft before the first reflection session with your supervisor and equally help you fine-tune the last draft for the final submission.

IB Math Extended Essay Topics

The following are examples of IB Math Extended Essay topics that you might find worth investigating further: 

• What is the return percentage of a certain three-reel slot machine?
• What are the alternatives to Euclidean geometry and what are their practical applications?
• Comparison of population growth models for Country X for the past n years, with projections for the future.
• The exploration of geometric series in musical instruments, such as the fret position on a guitar
• How many convex polygons can you construct from seven tangram pieces?
• An examination of the alteration of a message's truthful substance during transmission between persons
• Is there a connection between the golden ratio and human’s perception on natural beauty, with a focus on the human face and form?
• Is there a relationship between SAT scores and school test results/GPA?
• Leibniz and Newton independently developed calculus at around the same time. Compare their techniques and analyze which notation is currently more prevalent.
• What is the Binomial Theorem, and how has it contributed to human history?
• Complex number problem-solving techniques: What types of real-world issues do complex numbers assist solve?
• Applying Newton's Forward Difference Formula to predict the number of triangles created by subdividing the sides of an equilateral triangle n times.
• RSA Public Key Cryptography's use of modular arithmetic and huge prime integers to achieve anonymity
• Investigating the link between Pascal's Triangle and the Fibonacci sequence
• How can mathematical modeling that employs differential equations determine population growth patterns for a predator and its prey?
• How can the population of cells be determined throughout time? Which mathematical model approximates an actual experiment more precisely?
• A study of Riemann Sums (conventional integration to get areas) and Numerical Integration
• Vedic Mathematics: an investigation of its effectiveness and exploration of its applications
• How are Laplace transforms utilized in the solution of second-order differential equations?
• A statistical examination of the impact of background music on pupils' short-term memory ability
• Analytical and geometric formulations of parabolic and cubic Bezier curves as used in computer graphics software
• A quantitative analysis of the efficacy of two herbs for treating impetigo skin condition
• A study of the nature of beats and the relative consonance of pure-tone dyads
• The link between logical-mathematical intelligence and academic achievement at the undergraduate level
• A study of the link between a bond's coupon rate, yield to maturity, and its clean price
• Using the addition of sine curves to analyze the harmony of Chinese and Western musical scales
• The correlation between students' attitudes toward mathematics and their mathematical performance
• How near is the approximation of the Taylor Series to the original function
• What criteria determine whether the movement of employees on a building site achieves "equilibrium"?
• The efficacy of an English Tuition Program in enhancing the English skills of participants
• A statistical examination of the causes of fatal traffic accidents throughout the holiday season
• Does studying a third language have any influence on the short-term memory retention of lower secondary students?

Keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive by any means. So if none of these topic ideas appeals to you, doing additional research can make a difference.

Related Reading

• The Complete Guide for IB Math Extended Essay
• Get a List of Psychology Extended Essay Topics Here
• Learn More About Physics Extended Essay Assignment

Some Tips to Help You Choose a Relevant Math EE Topic

You can write an extended essay in math on any subject with a mathematical focus. Because IB doesn’t limit the assignment to mathematical theories, you may select mathematical themes from engineering, sciences, and the social sciences.

Statistical analyses of experimental results from other disciplines are also appropriate, as long as they focus on the modeling method and address the limits of the results.

A topic chosen from the history of mathematics may also be acceptable, provided you bring out a clear progression of mathematical growth.

Focusing on the lives of mathematicians or their personal rivalry would be irrelevant and would not score highly on the grading criteria.

Notably, the evaluation criteria provide points for the nature of the inquiry and the extent to which reasoned arguments are suitable for a research issue.

You need to avoid selecting a topic that generates a trivial research question or is insufficiently concentrated to permit suitable presentation in an essay of the right length.

Typically, you will have to challenge yourself to either extend their knowledge beyond the Diploma Program course or apply techniques learned in their mathematics course to the modeling of an adequately chosen topic.

Final Thoughts

One of the most important thing to keep in mind once you find a suitable Math EE topic is that you will be working on an essay, not a research article for a journal of advanced mathematics.

Also, no finding, no matter how remarkable, should appear in your work without proof of your actual understanding of it. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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Extended Essay Guide: Criteria, Format, Sample EEs

• Criteria, Format, Sample EEs
• Annotated Bibliographies
• DP Research Process
• Databases & Academic Journals
• Evaluate Sources
• Academic Integrity
• MLA Citation Format
• CSE Citation Format (Science & Math)
• Video Tutorials 2024

The Assessment Crtiteria in Detail!

• Criterion A: Focus and method
• Criterion B: Knowledge and understanding
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking
• Criterion D: Presentation
• Criterion E: Engagement
• EE_How to maximize marks for different subjects?

• Criterion C: Critical thinking

Notes from the IB

RE: Research Question and Title of Extended Essay

Please note the statement below from the EE curriculum manager regarding the need to have both a title and a RQ for all subjects. Previous versions of the EE Guide indicated that the title and the RQ should be the same for History, Business Management and Mathematics. This is no longer the case.  All essays, regardless of the subject, need to have both a RQ and a title.

Hi Kathy, 

To answer your question, I am going to quote directly from a response John Royce provided, on this forum, in October in response to a very similar question: (it was a question about using Spanish sources - hence the mention of Spanish)

It is certainly  permissible to use sources which are not in the language of the essay, but translation into the target language is required , one cannot assume that the reader understands the original language.

It is usual to quote the original as well as presenting the translation.  [Do not put quotation marks around your translation, just around the original]

Umberto Eco argues ("in Mouse or rat?") that direct translation may lose meaning, paraphrase or use of different idioms may be required to get the ideas across. Paul Bellos ("Is that a fish in your ear?") makes a similar argument - direct translation may confound meaning... Direct translation may not be ideal - meaning and understanding are preferred - so, not to worry that your student with her good Spanish cannot present a direct translation.

What  must be made clear is that the translations are those of the student;  these are her understandings. Readers can make of that what they will - and if unsure, are presented with the original - they can seek another translation.  A note in the acknowledgements and/or in the introduction to the effect that all translations are those of the writer is ... essential.

In response to the question about the  Bibliography/Works cited, my preference would be to list the source in its original Thai version, but perhaps with the English in brackets, to help the examiner.

Your bibliography will have the entries in Thai characters first in the document. Any in-text citation to Thai sources will be in (Thai characters [English translation]).

Citation in Thai [English translation]

Works Cited Example:

วงษ์ปัญญา, ธนกร [Wongpunya, Thanakorn]. “โรงงานยาสูบรวยแค่ไหน และเอาเงินไปทำอะไรบ้าง.”  [How rich is the Thailand Tobacco Monopoly and where does the money go?] (candidate translation). The Standard, The Standard, 30 Aug. 2018, thestandard.co/thailand-tobacco-monopoly/.

Format of the Extended Essay

Required Formatting

The extended essay should be written in a clear, correct and formal academic style, appropriate to the subject from which the topic is drawn. Given that the extended essay is a formally written research paper, it should strive to maintain a professional, academic look. 

To help achieve this, the following formatting is  required:

• 12-point, readable font (Calibri or Times New Roman);
• double spacing throughout entire Essay;
• page numbering - top right corner;
• no candidate or school name or supervisor name on the title page or page headers.

Submitting the extended essay in the required format will help set the tone of the essay and will aid readability for on-screen assessment by examiners.

Required S tructure

The structure of the essay is very important. It helps students to organize the argument, making the best use of the evidence collected. 

There are six required elements of the final work to be submitted. More details about each element are given in the  “Presentation”  section. Please note that the order in which these elements are presented here is not necessarily the order in which they should be written. 

Six required elements of the extended essay:

• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography -- if MLA "Works Cited" if CSE "References"

1. Required Title Page  

The title page should include  only  the following information: 

• the title of the essay
• the research question
• the subject the essay is registered in (if it is a language essay also state which category it falls into; if a world studies essay also state the theme and the two subjects utilized) 

The upper limit is 4,000 words for all extended essays. 

2. Required Contents Page

A contents page must be provided at the beginning of the extended essay and all pages should be numbered. Please note that an index page is not required and if included will be treated as if it is not present.

3. Required Introduction

The introduction should tell the reader what to expect in the essay. The introduction should make clear to the reader the focus of the essay, the scope of the research, in particular an indication of the sources to be used, and an insight into the line of argument to be taken. 

While students should have a sense of the direction and key focus of their essay, it is sometimes advisable to finalize the introduction once the body of the essay is complete.

4. Required Body of the Essay  (research, analysis, discussion, and evaluation)

The main task is writing the body of the essay, which should be presented in the form of a reasoned argument. The form of this varies with the subject of the essay but as the argument develops it should be clear to the reader what relevant evidence has been discovered, where/how it has been discovered and how it supports the argument. In some subjects, for example, the sciences, sub-headings within the main body of the essay will help the reader to understand the argument (and will also help the student to keep on track). In structuring their extended essay, students must take into consideration the expected conventions of the subject in which their extended essay is registered. 

Once the main body of the essay is complete, it is possible to finalize the introduction (which tells the reader what to expect) and the conclusion (which says what has been achieved, including notes of any limitations and any questions that have not been resolved). 

Any information that is important to the argument  must not  be included in appendices or footnotes/endnotes. The examiner  will not  read notes or appendices, so an essay that is not complete in itself will be compromised across the assessment criteria.

5. Required Conclusion

The conclusion says what has been achieved, including notes of any limitations and any questions that have not been resolved. While students might draw conclusions throughout the essay based on their findings, it is important that there is a final, summative conclusion at the end. This conclusion(s) must relate to the research question posed.

6.  Required References & Bibliography

Students should use their chosen style of academic referencing as soon as they start writing. That way they are less likely to forget to include a citation. It is also easier than trying to add references at a later stage. For more information on this, refer to the guidelines in the IB document  Effective citing and referencing.

Writing the essay takes time but if students have used their Researcher's reflection space and reflection sessions in a meaningful way they should be well prepared to develop their arguments.

Extended Essay - Examples & Exemplars

• Essays from May 2018 with IB marks and commentaries
• Assessed Student Work & Commentary IB-provided. "Student sample extended essays, corresponding marks and comments from senior examiners are available for the following Diploma Programme disciplines. Please note that in light of not having authentic RPPFs to accompany these essays, they are marked against criteria A – D only, for a total of 28 possible marks. Following the first assessment session in 2018, exemplars will be refreshed with authentic sample material." more... less... Biology English Economics History Studies in language and literature Language acquisition Mathematics Psychology Visual arts World studies extended essay (WSEE)
• Excellenet Extended Essays Concordian GoogleDoc
• EngA1_Othello EE Othello 2018 From inThinking.net Click the link to see the score and evaluation.
• Fifty (50) More Excellent Extended Essays DVD by International Baccalaureate Call Number: HS DVD 808.4 ISBN: 9781906345600 Publication Date: 2011 1 DVD-ROM (1:33 min.)

Past CIS Extended Essays

Available in the library behind the desk are file folders of past Extended Essays by Concordian students and IB EE Exemplars. Feel free to browse the papers which must be kept in the library.

• << Previous: EE Home
• Next: Annotated Bibliographies >>
• Last Updated: May 28, 2024 10:30 AM
• URL: https://concordian-thailand.libguides.com/ee

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Need ideas for my IB Extended Essay in Mathematics

I am currently in my first year of the IB Diploma Programme, and I have decided to write my extended essay on the topic of mathematics. I have a huge interest in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. So if you guys have any ideas on topics related to that, it would be even better. I thought of doing the math calculations of a neural network but even the simplest neural networks have thousands of parameters so showing them by hand in the essay won't be feasible. I am finding it hard to choose a topic. If any of you have any ideas, even outside the fields that I have mentioned, please do let me know! I really need help to decide.

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Easiest and Hardest IB Courses

The International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) is a well-respected high school program that has been around since 1968. It's designed for students aged 16-19 and aims to prepare them for university and beyond. The program includes six different subject areas, plus some core requirements: Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS), and the Extended Essay.

IB students often go on to succeed in higher education at higher rates than their peers, thanks to the program's focus on developing well-rounded, capable individuals.

However, not all IB courses are created equal. Some are easier and more straightforward, while others are known for being particularly challenging. In this blog, we’ll look at recent data to help you understand which IB courses are considered the easiest and which ones are the hardest. This will help you choose the courses that best fit your strengths and interests.

When choosing IB subjects , it's important to consider your interests, strengths, and future academic goals. The IB Diploma requires students to choose six subjects, with three taken at the Higher Level (HL) and three at the Standard Level (SL) . The subjects are chosen from six groups:

• Language and Literature : This can be your first language or literature course.
• Language Acquisition : A second language, which could be a new language or one you've previously studied.
• Individuals and Societies : Subjects like History, Geography, Economics, Psychology, etc.
• Sciences : Options include Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Systems and Societies, etc.
• Mathematics : Either Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches or Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation.
• The Arts : Choices like Visual Arts, Music, Theatre, or an additional subject from another group.

Balancing your subjects to align with your interests and university aspirations is key. For example, if you plan to pursue engineering , focusing on HL Mathematics and Physics would be wise. If you’re interested in humanities , History and Literature at HL might be better suited.

How IB Courses Are Graded

In the Diploma Programme (DP), students get grades from 1 to 7 for each course, with 7 being the best. To get their final diploma, students need to add up their grades from all their courses. They must earn at least 24 points overall and meet specific requirements, including completing three key components of the DP.

Students do qualify for a diploma if they meet any of the following criteria:

• Score a 1 in any subject
• Score more than two 2’s in any subject
• Score more than three 3’s or lower in any subject

Converting an IB score to a GPA is not straightforward, as different schools and countries may use different conversion scales. However, a general guideline is:

• 7 in HL : Equivalent to an A or A+ in GPA terms, often considered a 4.0.
• 6 in HL/SL : Roughly equivalent to an A or A-, typically a 3.7-3.9 GPA.
• 5 in HL/SL : Similar to a B or B+, translating to a 3.0-3.6 GPA.
• 4 in SL : Usually considered a C or C+, around a 2.0-2.9 GPA.

Keep in mind that the conversion might vary , so it’s best to check with specific universities or consult your school's guidance counselor for more precise information.

Easiest IB Courses

Ib business management.

• Overview: Business Management is frequently regarded as one of the more accessible IB courses. It introduces students to fundamental business concepts such as marketing, human resources, and finance in a practical manner.
• Average Grades: Data from the IB Organization shows that students in Business Management often achieve higher-than-average scores , with mean grades typically ranging from 5.5 to 6 out of 7.
• Why It's Easier: The course's practical and real-world applications make it more approachable for many students. The straightforward nature of the material and the focus on current business practices contribute to its relative ease.

IB Psychology

• Overview: Psychology is another course often perceived as less challenging. It covers basic psychological theories, research methods, and applications in an engaging format.
• Average Grades: The average score for Psychology is generally higher , around 5.5 to 6 out of 7, indicating that many students find the course manageable.
• Why It's Easier: The course’s engaging content and the clear, structured approach to studying human behavior make it accessible. Its relevance to everyday life also enhances student interest and understanding.

Hardest IB Courses

Ib mathematics: analysis and approaches (aa).

• Overview: Mathematics AA is renowned for its complexity and rigor. It includes advanced mathematical concepts, proofs, and problem-solving techniques.
• Average Grades: Recent data suggests that the average score for Mathematics AA is relatively low, ranging from 4.5 to 5 out of 7.
• Why It's Hard: The abstract nature of the content and the high level of mathematical rigor required make this course challenging. Success in Mathematics AA demands a solid foundation in mathematics and strong analytical skills.
• Overview: Physics is often considered one of the most difficult IB courses due to its demanding content and extensive mathematical requirements. The course explores complex topics such as mechanics, electromagnetism, and quantum physics.
• Average Grades: The average scores for Physics tend to be lower , around 4.5 to 5 out of 7, reflecting the course’s difficulty.
• Why It's Hard: The course's combination of theoretical and practical components, along with significant mathematical calculations, poses a challenge. Students must grasp intricate concepts and apply them to solve problems effectively.

Cambridge vs. IB vs. NCEA Qualifications

Factors Influencing Course Difficulty

Several factors can influence how difficult an IB course might feel:

• Background Knowledge: Students with a strong background in a particular subject may find related courses easier. For example, those proficient in mathematics may handle Mathematics AA better.
• Interest and Engagement: Courses that align with a student's interests are often perceived as less difficult. Passion for a subject can make studying and understanding the material more enjoyable.
• Support and Resources: Access to resources such as tutoring , study groups, and teacher support can significantly affect a student's ability to succeed in challenging courses.

What Is a Good IB Score for Top Universities?

A good IB score depends on the university and the program to which you are applying. Generally:

• Top Universities (e.g., Ivy League , Oxbridge ) : A score of 38-40 or higher out of 45 is often required. Competitive programs might even expect scores above 40, particularly in subjects related to your chosen field of study.
• Highly Selective Universities : A score of 36-38 can be competitive, depending on the specific course and other application components like extracurriculars , personal statements , and interviews.
• Good Universities : Scores of 32-35 are often sufficient for many reputable institutions, though this can vary by program.

Universities also consider your HL scores individually, especially in subjects relevant to your intended major.

Benefits of the IB Diploma

The IB Diploma offers several benefits:

• Holistic Education : The curriculum is broad, encouraging students to become well-rounded, critical thinkers.
• Global Recognition : The IB is recognized by universities worldwide, often providing an advantage in admissions.
• Development of Skills : It emphasizes research , essay writing , and independent study through the Extended Essay (EE) and Theory of Knowledge (TOK) components.
• Preparation for University : The rigorous nature of the IB prepares students for the demands of higher education, fostering time management, self-discipline, and problem-solving skills.
• International Perspective : The program promotes cultural understanding and global awareness, which are valuable in our interconnected world.

Final Thoughts

The IB Diploma Programme is a rigorous and rewarding path that not only challenges students academically but also prepares them for the complexities of higher education.

While the program offers a wide range of subjects, each with its own level of difficulty, success ultimately depends on how well students align their choices with their personal interests and future goals. By understanding the demands of each course and the expectations of top universities, students can make informed decisions that enhance their academic journey and open doors to prestigious opportunities.

Whether you’re aiming for a high IB score to secure a spot at a top university or looking to develop critical life skills, our experts can help. Book a free consultation now!

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