india's achievements in 75 years of independence essay

Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

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100 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

The journey of independence.

India has completed 75 years of independence, a journey that began on 15th August 1947. This period has been marked by significant growth and development, despite various challenges.

Post-Independence Era

Initially, India faced numerous issues like poverty and illiteracy. The leaders worked hard to uplift the country, focusing on education, infrastructure, and health.

Economic Progress

India has made remarkable economic progress. It’s now one of the fastest-growing economies, with advancements in technology, space research, and various industries.

Cultural Preservation

Despite modernization, India has managed to preserve its rich cultural heritage, showcasing its diversity to the world.

Looking Ahead

250 words essay on 75 years of indian independence, introduction.

India, a nation with a rich history, diverse culture, and a promising future, celebrated 75 years of independence in 2021. This milestone marks a journey of resilience, development, and transformation, which is worthy of reflection and celebration.

Post-Independence Struggles

The initial years following independence were marked by the daunting task of nation-building. The partition of India and Pakistan led to large-scale violence, displacement, and socio-economic challenges. The nascent government had to formulate a constitution, establish institutions, and ensure social justice amidst this chaos.

Progressive Developments

Over the years, India has made significant strides in various fields. The Green Revolution transformed the agricultural landscape, making India self-sufficient in food grains. The IT revolution positioned India as a global hub for technology and services. India’s space program, ISRO, has achieved remarkable feats, including the successful Mars Orbiter Mission.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite these accomplishments, India still grapples with issues such as poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. The economic disparity is a pressing concern that needs to be addressed. However, with the advent of digital technology and initiatives like Digital India, there is hope for a more inclusive and equitable future.

The 75 years of Indian independence is a saga of triumph, resilience, and constant evolution. The journey has been challenging, but the progress made is commendable. As we look forward to the future, the lessons from the past will guide India towards a prosperous and inclusive society.

500 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence

The dawn of independence, post-independence challenges.

The immediate aftermath of independence was a period of considerable challenges. The partition of the country into India and Pakistan led to widespread communal violence and a massive refugee crisis. The new nation was also faced with the task of integrating hundreds of princely states into the Indian Union. Despite these adversities, India managed to create a democratic system, which was a remarkable achievement considering the socio-economic conditions of the time.

Building a Democratic Republic

The adoption of the Constitution in 1950 laid the foundation for India as a democratic republic. The Constitution, which is the longest written constitution in the world, enshrines the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It established a parliamentary system of government, universal adult franchise, and a commitment to social justice and human rights.

Economic Development and Modernization

India on the global stage.

India’s foreign policy, characterized by the principles of non-alignment and peaceful coexistence, has evolved over the years. India has played a significant role in international affairs, be it the fight against apartheid in South Africa or contributing to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Today, India is seen as a major global player with increasing influence in international forums.

The Road Ahead

As India celebrates 75 years of independence, it stands at a crucial juncture. While it has made significant strides in various spheres, challenges remain. Issues such as poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and environmental degradation need to be addressed. The vision for the future should be to build an inclusive, sustainable, and resilient India.

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India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence

India's achievements after 75 years of Independence: Article talks about the progress India has made in the last 75 years in the field of economic growth, scientific innovations and in other fields.

Table of Contents

India’s achievements after 75 Years of India’s Independence: India’s achivement after August 15th, 1947, has become a prime illustration of a remarkable growth tale. The journey demonstrates India’s development in areas such as agricultural production, nuclear and space technology, world-class educational institutions, Ayurveda, biotechnology, giant steel plants, and becoming a leader in information technology, as well as having the third-largest start-up ecosystem in the world.

India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence: Historic Events, Significant Achievements & Milestones

As India marks its 75th year of independence, let’s examine the historical occurrences, notable accomplishments, and noteworthy milestones that occurred during this time:

15 th August 1947: India’s Independence Day

India became independent from British rule on August 15, 1947. On August 14, 1947, just before the clock struck twelve, our first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, gave the renowned “Tryst with Destiny” speech to the Indian Constituent Assembly in the Parliament. On August 15 in Delhi’s Red Fort, Pandit Nehru raised the Indian National Flag over the Lahori Gate.

26 th January 1950: India became a Republic Country

The Indian Constituent Assembly ratified the Constitution on November 26, 1949. Later, on January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution went into effect. The Dominion of India became the Republic of India when the Constitution of India took the place of the Government of India Act 1935 as the primary law governing the nation. The Indian Constitution is the country’s highest law. Every year, India celebrates its Republic Day on January 26.

1951: India’s First Five-year Plan was launched

In 1951, Jawaharlal Nehru, our first prime minister, gave the First Five-Year Plan to the Indian Parliament. The Harrod-Domar model, with a few modifications, served as the foundation for the First Five-Year Plan, which concentrated primarily on the growth of the primary sector. Agricultural growth served as the first five-year plan’s guiding principle. The major goal was to find solutions to the various issues that the nation’s division had created. The objective of this strategy was to rebuild the nation once it gained independence.

1952: India witnessed the first Lok Sabha Election

India held general elections from October 25, 1951, to February 21, 1952. These were the first Lok Sabha elections held following the country’s independence in August 1947. On May 13, 1952, this Lok Sabha’s first session officially opened. There were 489 seats in the Lok Sabha overall, and 17.3 crore people were eligible to vote. 364 seats were won by the Indian National Congress (INC). The first Lok Sabha was dissolved on April 4, 1957, after serving its entire five-year term. Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first prime minister to be chosen democratically.

1953: Air India was nationalized

Nine airlines—Air India, Air Services of India, Airways (India), Bharat Airways, Deccan Airways, Himalayan Aviation, Indian National Airways, Kalinga Airlines, and Air India International—were nationalised by Nehru under the Air Corporations Act of 1953 and placed under the control of two PSEs, Indian Airlines and Air India International.

1954: India and China signed the Panchsheel

In the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India signed on April 29, 1954, the two governments first formally stated the Panchsheel, or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, stating in its preamble that they “have resolved to enter into the present Agreement based on the following principles: –

Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
Mutual non-aggression,
Mutual non-interference,
Equality and mutual benefit, and
Peaceful co-existence.”

1955: State Bank of India (SBI) was founded

The State Bank of India was established on July 1st, 1955. In 1955, the Indian government nationalised the Imperial Bank of India, changing the bank’s name to State Bank of India and giving the Reserve Bank of India a 60% ownership interest.

1957: The decimalization of the rupee

On April 1, 1957, ten years after gaining independence from the British, Indian coins became decimal. In September 1955, the Indian Coinage Act was revised to include the decimal system. A circular from the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India stated, “Government accounting with effect from April 1, 1957 is to be maintained in terms of rupees and naye paise instead of rupees, annas, and pies,” in April 1956, after the modified Act became law. Therefore, all challans supporting funds submitted for payment of government dues must be represented in the new coinage. All withdrawal bills must be specified in terms of rupees and naye paise as well.

1960: Green Revolution Began

Norman Borlaug started the Green Revolution movement in the 1960s. He is referred to as the “Father of the Green Revolution” globally. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 as a result of his work creating high-yielding wheat varieties (HYVs).

1961: Liberation of Goa

The Republic of India’s process of annexing Estado da India, the former Portuguese Indian territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu, known as the Annexation of Goa, began with an armed intervention by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. This event is known as the “Liberation of Goa” in India.

1962: India-China War

In October and November of 1962, China and India fought a war known as the Sino-Indian War. The conflict was mostly sparked by a contested Himalayan border. On November 20, 1962, China announced a cease-fire and its withdrawal to its alleged “Line of Actual Control,” which marked the end of the war”.

1963: India’s first-ever rocket launch

The launch of the first sounding rocket from Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 21 November 1963, marked the beginning of the Indian Space Programme. Sounding rockets made it possible to probe the atmosphere in situ using rocket-borne instrumentation. This was the first milestone in modern India’s space odyssey. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and his then accomplice Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam were the brainchild of this achievement.

1965: Indo-Pakistani War

The Second Kashmir War, also known as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, was the result of clashes between Pakistan and India between April 1965 and September 1965. Operation Gibraltar, a Pakistani operation intended to infiltrate troops into Jammu and Kashmir and spark an uprising against Indian sovereignty, was the direct cause of the conflict and brought it to a head. Indian troops crossed the line of the cease-fire on 15 August. The United Nations Security Council unanimously approved a resolution on September 20 calling for a 48-hour unconditional ceasefire between the two countries. Pakistan accepted the demand on September 23 while India did so right away.

1966: Indira Gandi Became First Female PM of India

Following Shastri’s unexpected passing in January 1966, Indira Gandhi was appointed Congress Party leader and subsequently became prime minister as part of a deal between the party’s right and left wings. However, the right wing of the party, led by the former minister of finance Morarji Desai, consistently opposed her leadership.

1969: Formation of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

In order to advance planetary exploration and space science research while advancing national development, ISRO was established in 1969. The Indian space program’s founding fathers, scientist Vikram Sarabhai and India’s first prime minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, who founded INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) in 1962, are credited with creating ISRO, which succeeded INCOSPAR.

1970: White Revolution Began

Operation Flood, the largest dairy development programme ever initiated on January 13th, 1970, was an important undertaking for India’s National Dairy Development Board.

1971: India-Pakistan War

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan that took place in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 till Dacca (Dhaka) fell on 16 December 1971 as part of the Bangladesh Liberation War.

1975: The Emergency was imposed

India’s “Emergency” was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 during which Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a national state of emergency. The Emergency was formally declared by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution as a result of the ongoing “internal disturbance” and lasted from June 25, 1975, to March 21, 1977, when it was lifted. The majority of Indira Gandhi’s political rivals were put behind bars, elections were annulled, civil freedoms were suspended, and the press was restricted. During that time, many human rights were broken. One of the most contentious eras in independent India’s history is the Emergency.

1982: Colour television began its journey in India

When it began airing national programming in 1982, DD officially became a national broadcaster. Colour TVs were released in Indian markets the same year. The first colour television broadcast was the Independence Day parade on August 15, 1982, which was followed by the Asian Games in Delhi.

1983: India won the cricket World Cup for the first time

The Indian Cricket Team made history on June 25, 1983, when it defeated the two-time defending champion West Indies to win the World Cup. The turning point in cricket history is widely regarded as being India’s victory in 1983. The 1983 World Cup was held in England’s Lord’s Stadium. India reached the World Cup Final for the first time, and the West Indies were competing in their third straight World Cup final.

1987: Goa became one of the States of India

Goa became a state on May 30, 1987, and was divided into North Goa and South Goa as a result (Daman and Diu got their own union territory). The first Chief Minister of Goa, Daman, and Diu is Dayanand Bandodkar. On May 30, 1987, Goa became the 25th state of India.

1988: The SEBI was established

The Government established the Securities and Exchange Board of India on April 12, 1988, as a non-statutory body to handle all issues pertaining to the growth and regulation of the securities market, investor protection, and to provide guidance to the Government on all of these issues.

1989: Agni Missile was successfully launched

Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation were the three pillars of the new economic strategy of 1991. A severe balance of payments crisis that occurred in the same year served as the immediate catalyst for India’s economic reforms in 1991. India’s balance of payments issue first showed signals in late 1990 when its foreign exchange reserves started to decline.

1995: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited was founded

On May 3, 1995, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was established in partnership by the governments of Delhi and India under the leadership of Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda[19].

1998: India conducted Pokhran-II tests

Twenty-four years after Pokhran-I, on May 11 and 13, 1998, the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) carried out five more nuclear tests at the Pokhran range, called “Pokhran-II.” Dr. R. Chidambaram, the Director of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), and Dr. Abdul Kalam, the Chief Scientific Advisor and Director of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), served as the principal coordinators for this test planning.

1999: Kargil War

The Kargil War, commonly referred to as the Kargil conflict, was an armed battle that took place between India and Pakistan in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir as well as other locations along the Line of Control from May to July 1999. By proclaiming victory over Pakistan in the Kargil war on July 26, 1999, India celebrated the successful conclusion of “Operation Vijay” and put an end to the three-month conflict along the Line of Control. Since then, the day has been recognised as “Kargil Vijay Diwas.”.

2000: Jharkhand became India’s 26th state

On November 15, 2000, Jharkhand was separated from Bihar’s 18 districts to form its own state. Later, six additional districts were created by rearranging the existing ones.

2007: First Woman President of India

Pratibha Patil, an Indian politician and attorney, presided over India as its first female president from 2007 until 2012.

2008: Chandrayaan-1 launched

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched Chandrayaan-1 on October 22, 2008, the nation’s first lunar probe under the Chandrayaan programme. India’s space programme received a big boost from the expedition as our nation created its own technologies to study the Moon.

2010: Education became a fundamental right of children

On August 4, 2009, the Indian Parliament passed the Right to Education Act (RTE), also known as the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act. In accordance with Article 21A of the Indian Constitution, it outlines the specifics of the significance of free and mandatory education for children in India between the ages of 6 and 14. India became one of the nations in the world to declare education to be a fundamental right when the Act went into effect on April 1, 2010.

2015: NITI Aayog was formed

The NITI Aayog, the country’s top public policy think tank and the nodal organisation charged with fostering cooperative federalism and accelerating economic development by involving state governments in the formulation of economic policy, was established on January 1, 2015.

2017: GST was launched by the Indian government

The GST, or Goods and Services Tax, was introduced by the Indian government and President of India at midnight on July 1, 2017. It was commemorated by a historic midnight session of both Houses of Parliament (June 30-July 1), which met in the Central Hall and was attended by prominent figures from the business and entertainment industries.

2020: COVID-19 Pandemic and India’s lockdown

India experienced the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, and as a result of the ensuing lockdown, residents were confined to their houses. The story of lockdown started on the evening of March 24, 2020, when the Indian government imposed a 21-day statewide lockdown, restricting the movement of the whole populace in an effort to stop the pandemic from spreading. It came following a 14-hour voluntary public curfew on March 22 and the implementation of a number of rules in the areas of the nation affected by COVID-19.

2022: India gets its first tribal President

On July 25, 2022, Draupadi Murmu took the oath of office as India’s fifteenth president. She ran against Yashwant Sinha, the candidate for the top constitutional position put up by the unified opposition. Tribal leader Draupadi Murmu hails from Rairangpur in the Odisha district of Mayurbhanj.

Important Facts on India’s Achievement after Independence

Below is a brief list of some of India’s notable post-independence accomplishments:

The Indian Railways were founded in the year 1951.
With over 7000 stations, India’s rail system is the largest and busiest in the world.
India had its first general election in 1951.
The Apsara nuclear reactor, which was created in 1956, was Asia’s first nuclear reactor.
On the moon, Chandrayaan 1 was established in 2008.
Sir M Visvesvaraya, the pioneer of Indian economic planning, contributed to the development of the most effective form of the Indian economy.

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India's achievements after 75 years of Independence FAQs

What did india achieved after 75 years of independence.

In 1974, India conducted “Smiling Buddha”, its first nuclear test, making its place on the list of five nuclear-powered nations. This is one of the biggest achievements of India since 1947. Today, India has the 2nd largest military force and largest voluntary army in the world.

What we achieved in 75 years?

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75 Years of Independence: The Changing Landscape of India

75 Years of Independence: The Changing Landscape of India Blogs Home

14 Aug 2022

india's achievements in 75 years of independence essay

There is an old saying that India is a new country but an ancient civilization, and this civilization has seen tremendous changes throughout its history.

From being an education hub of the world in ancient times to becoming the IT hub of the world today, the Indian landscape has come a long way. Taking 15 th August 1947 as our frame of reference, we find that there are several fields like Science and Technology, economy, and human development where India has shown remarkable progress. However, some fields like health and education still seem to be taken care of. Let us look at these aspects of Indian development individually.

The Landscape of Science and Technology

When the Britishers left India, they left behind a broken, needy, underdeveloped, and economically unstable country. After independence, India prioritized scientific research in its first five-year plan. It paved the way for prestigious scientific institutes like IITs and IISC. After just three years of independence, the Indian Institute of Technology has established in 1950. These institutions promoted research in India with the aid of foreign institutions. From launching its first satellite Aryabhatta in 1975 to being the first country to reach the orbit of Mars, India has taken confident strides in the field of space research technology, thanks to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). We can proudly state that India is standing at par with countries like USA and China, same goes with the field of biotechnology also where India is producing vaccines for the entire world. The success of UPI is also a case study for the world with 9.36 billion transactions worth Rs. 10.2 trillion in Q1 of 2022 only.

Economic Landscape

India faced several issues following its independence, including illiteracy, corruption, poverty, gender discrimination, untouchability, regionalism, and communalism. Numerous issues have acted as major roadblocks to India's economic development. When India declared its independence in 1947, its GDP was mere 2.7 lakh crore accounting for 3% of the world GDP. In 1965, the Green Revolution was started in India by M. S. Swaminathan, the father of the Green Revolution. During the Green Revolution, there was a significant increase in the crop area planted with high-yielding wheat and rice types. From 1978–1979, the Green Revolution led to a record grain output of 131 million tonnes. India was then recognized as one of the top agricultural producers in the world. With the construction of linked facilities like factories and hydroelectric power plants, a large number of jobs for industrial workers were also generated in addition to agricultural workers.

Today India is the 5 th largest economy in the world with 147 lakh crore GDP, accounting for 8% of global GDP. In recent years, India has seen a whopping rise of 15,400% in the number of startups, which rose from 471 in 2016 to 72,993 as of June 2022. This phenomenal rise in startups has also produced millions of new jobs in the country.

Infrastructure

The India of today is different from India at the time of freedom. In the 75 years of independence, Indian Infrastructure has improved drastically. The overall length of the Indian road network has grown from 0.399 million km in 1951 to 4.70 million km as of 2015, which makes it the third largest roadway network in the world. Additionally, India's national highway system now spans 1, 37, 625 kilometres in 2021, up from 24,000 km (1947–1969).

After over 70 years of independence, India has risen to become Asia's third-largest electricity generator. It increased its ability to produce energy from 1,362 MW in 1947 to 3, 95, 600 MW. In India, the total amount of power produced increased from 301 billion units in 1992–1993 to 400990.23 MW in 2022. The Indian government has succeeded in lighting up all 18,452 villages by April 28, 2018, as opposed to just 3061 in 1950, when it comes to rural electrification.

The Landscape of Human Development

In 1947 India had a population of 340 million with a literacy rate of just 12%, today it has a population of nearly 1.4 billion and a literacy rate of 74.04%. The average life expectancy has also risen from 32 years to 70 years in 2022.

The Landscape of Education and Health

In 1947, India had a population of 340 million with a literacy rate of just 12%, today it has a population of nearly 1.4 billion and a literacy rate of 74.04%. The average life expectancy has also risen from 32 years to 70 years in 2022. Though India has shown remarkable progress In terms of literacy rate, the quality of higher education is still a cause of major concern. There is not a single Indian University or Institute in the top 100 QS World University Ranking. With the largest youth population in the world, India can achieve wonders if its youth get equipped with proper skills and education. The health, sector is also worrisome. The doctor-to-patient ratio is merely 0.7 doctors per 1000 people as compared to the WHO average of 2.5 doctors per 1000 people. A recent study shows that 65% of medical expenses in India are paid out of pocket by patients and the reason is that they are left with no alternative but to access private healthcare because of poor facilities in public hospitals.

The Political Landscape

Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed as India's first prime minister in 1947, following the end of British rule. He promoted a socialist-economic system for India, including five-year plans and the nationalization of large sectors of the economy like mining, steel, aviation, and other heavy industries. Village common areas were taken, and a massive public works and industrialization drive led to the building of important dams, roads, irrigation canals, thermal and hydroelectric power plants, and many other things. India's population surpassed 500 million in the early 1970s, but the “Green Revolution” significantly increased agricultural productivity, which helped to end the country's long-standing food problem.

From 1991 to 1996, India's economy grew quickly as a result of the policies implemented by the late Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao and his Finance Minister at the time, Dr Manmohan Singh. Poverty had decreased to about 22%, while unemployment has been continuously reducing. Growth in the gross domestic product exceeded 7%.

India's first female Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, held office from 1966 until 1977 for three consecutive terms before serving a fourth term (1980–84). India elected Pratibha Patil as its first female president in 2007.

India's economy has expanded significantly in the twenty-first century. Under the Prime ministership of Narendra Modi (BJP), many significant changes have taken place like the scraping of Section 370, strengthening the Defence systems, creating a startup-friendly environment and much more. To expand infrastructure and manufacturing, the Modi administration launched several programs and campaigns, including “Make in India”, “Digital India”, and the “Swachh Bharat project.”

The Legal Landscape

Before independence, the Privy Council was the highest appellate authority in India. This Council was abolished as the first action following independence. The abolition of the Privy Council Jurisdiction Act was passed by the Indian Constituent Assembly in 1949 to eliminate the Privy Council's authority over appeals from India and to make provisions for outstanding appeals. It was B. R. Ambedkar's sharp legal intellect to draft a constitution for the newly sovereign country. In all executive, legislative, and judicial matters in the nation, the Constitution of India serves as the supreme law. The Indian legal system has developed into a key component of the largest democracy in the world and a pivotal front in the fight to protect constitutional rights for all citizens. Since it was first adopted in 1950, the Indian Constitution has had 105 modifications as of October 2021. The Indian Constitution is divided into 22 parts with 395 articles. Later, through various changes, further articles were added and amendments were made. According to the online repository maintained by the Legislative Department of the Ministry of Law and Justice of India as of July 2022, there are around 839 Central laws. The Indian legal system has a promising and forward-thinking future, and in the twenty-first century, young, first-generation lawyers are entering the field after graduating from the best law schools.

The Landscape of the Defence Sector

The Indian military ranked 4 of 142 out of the countries considered for the annual GFP review. From being defeated by the Chinese army in 1962 to becoming one of the largest defence systems in the world, India has surely learnt from its past errors. One of the reasons the Indian defence system has been able to attain its present reputation is the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) which was established in 1958. Since its founding, it has created many significant programs and critical technologies, including missile systems, small and big armaments, artillery systems, electronic warfare (EW) systems, tanks, and armoured vehicles. India began working on nuclear energy in the late 1950s and had indigenous nuclear power stations by the 1970s. India had also begun developing nuclear weapons and producing fissile material concurrently, which allowed for the purportedly harmless nuclear explosion in Pokhran in 1971. The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), under the direction of APJ Abdul Kalam and with the support of the Ordnance Factories, was established in 1983. In 1989, the longer-range Agni was independently designed and tested. Later, India and Russia collaborated to design and produce the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile. India currently leads several other nations in the production of defences. India is one of about a dozen nations that have built and produced their fighter jets, helicopters, submarines, missiles, and aircraft carriers.

Analyzing the different landscapes of India we find that we have come a long way in our journey but still, there is a lot to be done if we want to make India a ‘super power’. A lot will depend on our people’s willingness to change, ensuring the equal participation of women in the workforce, including marginalized communities in our economic growth, and last but not least is having a liberal and progressive and unbiased mindset.

As we are celebrating “Azaadi ka Amrit Mahotsav”, the completion of 75 years of independence can be taken as a new opportunity to build an India of our aspirations and make positive contributions to the changing landscape of India.

Aarifa Nadeem

https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/how-we-have-done-since-gaining-freedom-from-our-colonial-masters-seven-decades-ago

https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/qs-world-university-rankings-2023-top-10-universities-globally-and-top-10-in-india-1960806-2022-06-10

https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/5-reasons-why-indias-healthcare-system-is-struggling/article34665535.ece

https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/economic-survey-high-out-of-pocket-expenses-for-health-can-lead-to-poverty/article33699314.ece

https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/technology/development-in-india-after-independence#:~:text=Infrastructure%20Development,%2C37%2C625%20km%20(2021) .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)#: ~:text=India%20became%20a%20sovereign%20democratic,the%2042nd%20Constitution %20Amendment%201976.

http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/about/about-the-legal-profession/history-of-the-legal-profession/

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75 Years of India's Independence: Post August 15 1947 Journey, Historic Events, Achievements & Milestones

75 years of india's independence: let’s look at india’s 75 years of journey post-independence from 15th august 1947 till now including major historic events, significant achievements, & milestones..

75 Years of India's Independence: Post 15 th August 1947, India’s journey has become a great example of an impressive growth story. The journey highlights India’s expansion ranging from agricultural production to nuclear and space technology, from affordable health care to world-class educational institutions, from Ayurveda to biotechnology, from giant steel plants to becoming an IT power, and having the third-largest start-up ecosystem in the world.

Know Your National Flag: Interesting and Amazing facts about India’s Tiranga

75 Years of India’s Independence: Historic Events, Significant Achievements & Milestones

August 1947: India’s Independence Day

January 1950: India became a Republic Country

Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
Mutual non-aggression,
Mutual non-interference,
Equality and mutual benefit, and
Peaceful co-existence.”

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Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

Q1. In which year will India complete 75 years of independence? + 15th August 2022
Q2. What is the name given to the celebration of India's 75 years of Independence by the Government? + 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav' is an initiative of the Government of India to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of independence of progressive India and the glorious history of its people, culture and achievements.
Q3. When was Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav started? + The official journey of “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” commences on 12th March 2021 which starts a 75-week countdown to our 75th anniversary of Independence and will end post a year on 15th August 2023.
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Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav in English: India’s 75 Years of Freedom

Updated on
Oct 26, 2023

As the clock struck midnight on August 15, 1947, India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru delivered his historic speech, Tryst with Destiny. His words marked the beginning of a new era for India which finally broke the shackles of colonial rule. Fast forwarding to the 21st century, those revolutionary words are still remembered as India commences its Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav. Ever since its commencement, this topic has become popular in essay writing competitions. So, if you also need help in writing an essay, then continue reading to find samples.

Also Read: Essay On Subhash Chandra Bose for Students

Table of Contents

1 Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 100 Words)
2 Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 200 Words)
3 Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 500 Words)

Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 100 Words)

Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav is a phrase in Hindi that symbolizes the great initiative taken by the Government of India. Inaugurated on 12 March 2021 in Ahmedabad, it celebrates the auspicious completion of 75 years of Independence. It includes five different themes such as Freedom Struggle (commemorating unsung heroes), Achievements@75 (Inda’s evolution and progress), Actions@75 (implementing policies), Ideas@75 (events that shaped the nation), and Resolve@75 (collective determination to shape the future). To reflect on the nation’s rich history, this festival will also consist of different events with the final event taking place on 15 August 2023.

Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 200 Words)

Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav is an Indian commemorative event that marks the 75th anniversary of the country’s revolutionary independence from British colonial rule in 1947. It pays tribute to national heroes and instills values like Democracy and patriotism in every individual.

Inauguration

The Mahotsav was launched by India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 12th March 2021. It all began in Ahmedabad with the Prime Minister flagging off a metaphorical 386-km Dandi March. This padayatra celebrated the 91st anniversary of the historic salt march started by Mahatma Gandhi. Later on, the Mahotsav was launched for other prominent cities during the freedom battle.

Themes of the Mahotsav

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav focuses on five different themes. The first is Freedom Struggle, which honors the dead souls who gave their lives in the pursuit of independence. Next, Ideas@75 focuses on those historic events that shaped the nation. Actions@75 talks about implementing new policies and schemes. Achievements@75 is all about showcasing India’s progress and evolution all these years. Finally, Resolve@75 theme promotes collective determination to shape the country’s future.

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is not a mere celebratory event. Instead, it is a huge day for India and its citizens. Every individual across the nation is waiting to celebrate this glorious day.

Essay on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (In 500 Words)

Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, a significant monumental day for India and its citizens, marks the 75th anniversary of independence. It commemorates the long struggle of India’s freedom fighters and revolutionaries who gave their lives for the country’s liberation from British colonial rule. Moreover, it also holds profound cultural and historical importance and reflects the nation’s struggle from a dominated country to a sovereign nation.

The Beginning of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav

Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav is a significant initiative taken by the government of India. It began the journey on 12 March 2021 where it started a 75-week countdown to the 75th anniversary of Independence. Moreover, It will eventually come to its conclusion on 15 August 2023.

The Significance of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav for the Youth

Evidently, Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav has become a huge topic of discussion and debate among school students. The significance of this glorious celebration is significantly related to instilling feelings of patriotism and nationalism in young minds. Through creative innovations like the metaphorical Dandi March, children can learn about the struggles and sacrifices of this nation.

Key Highlights of Padyatra

The Mahotsav began with a 386-km Dandi March padayatra. The Padyatra started from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad and concluded in Dandi, South Gujarat. It began with 81 marchers and was 25 days long. In addition to this, this Padyatra celebrated the 91st anniversary of India’s historic Dandi March, started by Mahatma Gandhi.

The Five Themes of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav

There are five themes associated with Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav with numerous events and programs planned under each one. The first theme is the Freedom Struggle. This is one of the most essential aspects. It pays homage to those countless fighters who fought for India’s freedom. From Mahatma Gandhi’s belief in non-violent resistance to Sarojini Naidu’s anti-imperialism and Subhas Chandra Bose’s escapades, this day reminds us of their unyielding spirits. Achievements@75 showcases the country’s progress attained in various sectors as a 75-year-old independent country.

Next, Actions@75 focuses solely on efforts such as schemes and policies being undertaken to take the nation on the path of prosperity and growth. The Ideas@75 theme takes into consideration the diverse ideals and events that inspired India to make its significant contribution to the ever-changing landscape of this world. Finally, the fifth theme of this Mahotsav is Resolve@75 which motivates citizens to play their part in the growth and progress of the country.

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrates the rich cultural heritage and achievements of citizens in different fields on the global level. In a sense, this magnificent day is dedicated to all those people, living and dead, who have been instrumental in driving India to its potential. Therefore, it is more than a celebratory event. Instead, it is a huge day for India and its rich history. As the nation looks back on the countless sacrifices that paved the way for its freedom, it also looks ahead to a better future.

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is a Hindi phrase that is referred to as the elixir of freedom, inspiration, independence, new ideas, and Atma Nirbharta.

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav was announced on March 12, 2021 and will conclude on August 15, 2023.

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India at 75

Cover: “delhi february” by amitava kumar, introduction.

On August 15, India will mark 75 years of its independence. What should be a moment of celebration and joy has become a moment of deep despair and reflection. At independence, India offered a beacon of hope—a multi-everything, secular society choosing democratic governance and a Gandhian vision of inclusion and tolerance. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru spoke of India’s ‘tryst with destiny,’ and the hope was that the country would live up to the dream of its Nobel Laureate for literature, Rabindranath Tagore: “Where the mind is without fear,‘…. ’into that heaven of freedom, let my country awake.”

But India retained many colonial-era laws that restricted freedoms and, over the years, added more such laws, undermining its democracy. An internal Emergency in 1975 curtailed civil liberties and jailed dissidents. Since its founding, India has witnessed insurgencies and brutality by armed forces and the police against its citizens, as well as periods of horrific violence along caste and communal divides.

But the election in 2014 has transformed India into a country where hate speech is expressed and disseminated loudly; where Muslims are discriminated against and lynched, their homes and mosques bulldozed, their livelihoods destroyed; where Christians are beaten and churches attacked; where political prisoners are held in jail without trial. Dissenting journalists and authors are denied permission to leave the country. The institutions that can defend India’s freedoms—its courts, parliament and civil service, and much of the media—have been co-opted or weakened. In PEN America’s most recent Freedom to Write Index , India is the only nominally democratic country included in our count of the top 10 jailers of writers and public intellectuals worldwide. In recent years, India has seen an acceleration of threats against free speech, academic freedom and digital rights, and an uptick in online trolling and harassment.

To mark India at 75, PEN America reached out to authors from India and the Indian diaspora to write short texts expressing what they felt. Together they make a historic document. Authors who were born in British India responded, as did India’s Midnight’s Children and grandchildren. Authors from around the globe sent us their thoughts, as did authors from India’s many languages, communities, faiths and castes. Some voices are optimistic, some prayerful, some anguished and enraged. Some suggest defeat, others venture hope, still others are defiant. The authors hold a spectrum of political views, and may be in disagreement about much else, but they are united in their concern for the state of Indian democracy. We invite you to read their ideas of what India was and ought to be, and what it has become.

Aakar Patel • Aanchal Malhotra • Aatish Taseer • Abraham Verghese • Akhil Katyal • Akshaya Mukul • Altaf Tyrewala • Amandeep Sandhu • Amit Chaudhuri • Amitava Kumar • Angela Saini • Anirudh Kanisetti • Anita Desai • Anuradha Bhagwati • Arjun Sethi • Arshia Sattar • Arvind Krishna Mehrotra • Ashish Kothari • Ashok Vajpeyi • Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni • Damodar Mauzo • Daribha Lyndem • David Davidar • Deepa Mehta • Dev Benegal • Devyani Saltzman • Gaiutra Bahadur • Ganesh Devy • Geetanjali Shree • Ghazala Wahab • Gyan Prakash

Read Contributors A - G »

Hamraaz • Hari Kunzru • Hemant Divate • Imraan Coovadia • Jacinta Kerketta • Jaideep Hardikar • Jeet Thayil • Jerry Pinto • Jhumpa Lahiri • Kai Friese • Karan Mahajan • Karthika Naïr • Kazim Ali • Keshava Guha • Kiran Desai • Kumar Ketkar • Madhusree Mukerjee • Manil Suri • Manisha Joshi • Manjula Padmanabhan • Manu Bhagavan • Maya Jasanoff • K R Meera • Meira Chand • Minal Hajratwala • Mira Jacob • Mira Kamdar

Read Contributors H - M »

Nabaneeta Dev Sen • Namita Devidayal • Nandita Das • Natwar Gandhi • Navina Haidar • Nayantara Sahgal • Nilanjana S. Roy • Nilita Vachani • Panna Naik • Perumal Murugan • Pratap Bhanu Mehta • Pratishtha Pandya • Preti Taneja • Priyamvada Gopal • Priyanka Dubey • Raghu Karnad • Rajesh Parameswara • Rajmohan Gandhi • M V Ramana • Ritu Menon • Romila Thapar • Ruchir Joshi • Ruchira Gupta

Read Contributors N - R »

Sabitha Satchi • Saikat Majumdar • P Sainath • Salil Tripathi • Salman Rushdie • Samanth Subramanian • Sandeep Jauhar • Sangamesh Menasinakai • Saumya Roy • Shauna Singh Baldwin • Shobhaa De • Shruti Ganguly • Siddharth Dube • Siddhartha Deb • Sita Venkateswar • SKB • Sonora Jha • Suchitra Vijayan • Sujatha Gidla • Suketu Mehta • Sumana Roy • Sunil Amrith • Tabish Khair • Tanuja Desai Hidier • Thrity Umrigar • Tishani Doshi • Vandana Singh • Vijay Seshadri • Vishakha Desai • Vivek Menezes • Yashica Dutt • Zia Jaffrey

Read Contributors S - Z »

Suketu Mehta

What is at Stake

I am writing this as an act of love. I was born in India, and I love India with all my being. But this country that I love is facing the gravest threat to its democracy since its founding.

Indian democracy is one of the 20th century’s greatest achievements. Over 75 years, we built, against great odds, a nation that for the first time in its 5000-year history empowered women and the Dalits, people formerly known as untouchables. We largely abolished famine. We kept the army out of politics. After independence, many people predicted that we would become Balkanized. Yugoslavia became Balkanized, but India stayed together. No small feat.

But I write this today to tell you: things in India are more dire than you realize. India is a country that is majority Hindu, but it is not officially a Hindu state. The people who are in power in India today want to change this. They want India to be a Hindu ethnocratic state, where all other religions live by Hindu sufferance. This has practical consequences: people of other religions are actively harassed, even lynched on the streets; their freedom to practice their religion in their own way is circumscribed. And when they protest, they are jailed and their houses bulldozed. Most worrying, much of the judiciary seems to be sympathetic to the Hindu nationalist agenda, and issues its verdicts accordingly.

There is also sustained and systematic harassment of writers, journalists, artists, activists, religious figures—anyone who questions the official narrative. We who have attached our names here are taking great personal risk in writing this: our citizenship of India could be revoked, we could be banned from the country, our property in India seized, our relatives harassed. There are many others who think like we do but have told us they can’t speak out, for fear of the consequences. I never thought I’d use the word ‘dissident’ in describing myself and my friends who’ve compiled this document; I thought that word only applied to the Soviet Union, North Korea, China.

It is crucial that India remains a democracy for all its citizens. India is not Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan. Not yet. A lot of India’s standing in the world—the reason we’re included in the respectable nations, the reason our people and our tech companies are welcome all over the world—is that we’re seen, unlike, say, China, as being a multiethnic democracy that protects its minorities.

With over 200 million Indian Muslims, India is the third largest Muslim country in the world. There are 30 million Indian Christians. There are Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Zoroastrians, Atheists. They are as Indian as I am—a Hindu who’s proud of being a Hindu, but not a Hindu as Narendra Modi and the BJP seek to define me.

When countries safeguard the rights of their minorities, they also safeguard, as a happy side effect, the rights and wellbeing of their majorities. If a judiciary forbids discrimination against, say, Muslims, it is also much more likely to forbid discrimination against, say, LGBT people. The obverse is also true: when they don’t safeguard the rights of their minorities, every other citizen’s rights are in peril.

The alienation of Indian Muslims would be catastrophic, for India and the world. They are being told: you are invaders, this is not your country, go back to where you came from. But Indian Muslims did not come from elsewhere; they were in the country all along, and chose which God to worship. After the Partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, they voted with their feet; they chose to stay, and build a nation.

The challenges facing India in the next 75 years are colossal, perhaps even greater than the first 75 years. This year, northern India saw the hottest temperatures in history, reaching 49 degrees Celsius (120F). Next year looks to be even hotter. By the middle of the century, New Delhi could become uninhabitable.

The country also has an enormous, restive, and largely unemployed youth population—half of its population is under 25. But only 36% of the working-age population has a job. To meet these challenges, it is crucial that the country stay united, and not fracture along religious lines, spend its energies building a brighter future instead of darkly contemplating past invasions.

In this time when country after country is turning its back on democracy, India has to be an example to countries around the world, this beautiful dream of nationhood expressed in the Hindu scriptures as ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’—the whole earth is a family. We should all be rooting for this incredible experiment in multiplicity to work. As goes India, so goes democracy.

Suketu Mehta is the author of Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found , a Pulitzer Prize Finalist, and This Land is Our Land: An Immigrant’s Manifesto . He teaches journalism at New York University.

Read the Anthology: Introduction to India at 75 (top) | Contributors A – G | Contributors H – M | Contributors N – R | Contributors S – Z

DOWNLOAD THE PDF

Acknowledgements

Letter to president droupadi murmu.

In a separate initiative, over 100 writers, journalists, creative artists, and supporters of PEN America, PEN International, and the global PEN network signed a joint letter urging President Murmu to support democratic ideals and free expression in the spirit of India’s 75th year of independence.

Learn more about free expression in India in PEN America’s 2021 Freedom to Write Index and in PEN Canada and PEN International’s report Fearful Silence .

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A tryst with the past

The values envisaged by the builders of independent india need to be imbibed for sustained progress.

August 15, 2022 12:30 am | Updated 02:33 pm IST

Seventy-five years ago, on this day, India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru made these remarks in his stirring speech on India attaining freedom at midnight : “The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity, to the greater triumphs and achievements that await us. Are we brave enough and wise enough to grasp this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future?” These words ring true even today just as when Independence unshackled India from British rule — a milestone that, in some cases, inspired the birth of other new nation-states across the world, freed from the yoke of colonialism. Independent India embarked upon a new journey, imbued with the vision of its freedom fighters and a mission set on course by the members of the Constituent Assembly who worked on its unique liberal democratic Constitution. There have been significant achievements — a constitutional scheme guaranteeing rights that included freedom of speech, religion and a secular state, implementation of universal adult franchise in periodic elections, a thriving legislature, establishments allowing for a formal separation of powers, a quasi-federal union of States that were reorganised on a linguistic basis, the building of institutions (industrial, educational, medical) that heralded progress, and the unleashing of knowledge and communication sectors that tied India beneficially to the world economy. There have also been missteps and failings — the inability to eradicate extreme poverty and marginalisation even though these did come down dramatically since 1947, the strains in implementing the constitutional order and values, burgeoning communal majoritarianism, which was decidedly rejected by both the freedom fighters as well as the framers of the Constitution, the incomplete nature of decentralisation of power, and rising economic inequality. Today, on the one hand, India stands tall as one of the world’s emerging economies with an advantageous demographic dividend, a vibrant democracy that ensures enthusiastic participation in elections, a diverse polity, and a diversified economy. But it also faces humongous challenges. Its people live in a more chaotic world where cooperation and liberal trade relations have taken a beating and where climate change is a challenge. Also, the emergence and consolidation of a dominant political force that seeks to centralise power and homogenise the idea of India has threatened to unravel the constitutional structure of recognition of diversity and inclusion as the means for overall progress. Economic progress through inclusive growth — a process that was accelerated following comprehensive reforms in the early 1990s and the institution of a rights-based approach towards welfare in the mid-2000s — has slowed down in the last few years. Meanwhile, there is an exacerbation of inter-State disparities, with southern and western India delivering better outcomes in education, health care and thoroughgoing economic growth than other regions, an issue that requires careful deliberation in the near future.

The successes and failures of the earlier generations in post-independent India have provided the nation with the pathways to address the challenges of the future. For one, it is clear that neither a statist nor a market-only emphasis on development and growth is ideal. India must continue policies, framed in the 1990s, of allowing entrepreneurial energies to flourish while relying on comprehensive welfare with a rights approach, which was given impetus in the late 2000s, to help utilise its demographic potential. In the early years of Independence, many modern institutions of higher education, industry and health care were built and endured but India missed out on a strong focus on primary health-care and education, a weakness that has led to the persistence of poverty and social marginalisation on the basis of caste. A bottom-up approach to development that should focus on building capabilities of the citizenry through both affirmative actions and state responsiveness would lead to better release of productive forces in the economy. States getting more fiscal latitude and local governments being empowered to implement programmes could go a long way in achieving this. While, since the reforms in 1991, interdependence in a globalised world allowed for the export sectors to flourish, the lack of diversified employment and increased labour productivity in comparison to other countries such as China or South Korea is a failing. As the world transits towards a new industrial revolution in its reliance on technologies such as 5G, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, robotics, and green technologies, India must embark upon building significant capabilities in these in a way that does not just result in a few corporations gaining but which allows for more gainful employment and diversification of the economy. In external relations, while India must continue to skilfully navigate the contradictions emerging in the international order with an emphasis on its interests, it should not disavow the time-tested adherence to values — of non-interference, building an equanimous world order and striving for peace — that allowed it to emerge as a leader of the non-aligned world. India has come a long way since 1947 in finding its footing among the comity of nations, but there still needs a lot more distance to be travelled in fulfilling the promise that Pandit Nehru spoke of, on the eve of Independence. India’s Independence generation was clear that freedom from British rule was meaningless without a constitutional order that governs a democratic system predicated on social justice, equality and unity in diversity as these were the promises that gained them the intellectual ballast and the support of the people to overcome colonialism. India’s progress in the 21st century would depend upon the re-ignition of these values.

To read this editorial in Hindi, click here .

To read this editorial in Tamil, click here .

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75 Years of India’s Independence: India’s Achievement in Science and Technology

February 20, 2022

National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), an autonomous body under the Ministry of culture in collaboration with Vigyan Prasar, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, is organizing a nation-wide commemorative exhibition ‘75 Years of Independence: India’s Achievements in Science & Technology’ to celebrate the 75 th anniversary of our independence.

The Exhibition will be simultaneously inaugurated in 75 locations in the country, that include the main exhibition at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi, and seven Science Centres under NCSM; in addition, it will be displaced in other Science Centres under NCSM.

India has a long and glorious history of Science and Technology dating back to Mehrgarh Culture (c 7000 BCE) in Baluchistan. The excavated sites of Mehrgarh and Indus –Saraswati Civilizations and the Vedic and post-Vedic literature and artifacts provide ample evidence that side by side with art and literature, there grew on Indian soil a very rich scientific and technological culture. Extant manuscripts prove that in the field of ematics, ancient Indians were a force to reckon with. When the western civilization was still in its cradle, Indian astronomers had made giant leaps in astronomy.

Indian men of medicine utilized the wealth of indigenous herbs to make potent antidotes for several incurable diseases and performed the first-ever plastic surgery in the world. Town planning, architecture, and metallurgy flourished in ancient India. In metallurgy, India's primacy in zinc and brass metallurgy is too well known. Agriculture and horticulture, shipbuilding and navigation, weights and measures, coin minting, water power technology, environmental conservation practices, gems and jewelry, acoustics and development of musical instruments, etc. are some of the other areas where ancient India achieved substantial progress.

In 1947, the newly born independent India inherited a shattered economy from the British. The partition of the country and subsequent political disturbances and mass exodus across the border stalled the economic development completely. The reconstruction of the country became a major challenge to the Government. The role of science and technology was crucial for this endeavour and this was clearly expressed in the "Scientific Policy Resolution" adopted by the Parliament in 1958. This resolution was drafted and piloted through the Parliament by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. In the words of this Resolution:

"The key to national prosperity, apart from the spirit of the people, lies, in the modern age, in the effective combination of three factors, technology, raw materials and capital, of which the first is, perhaps, the most important, since the creation and adoption of new scientific techniques can, in fact, make up for a deficiency in natural resources, and reduce the demands on capital. But technology can only grow out of the study of science and its applications."

Successive five-year plans envisaged an overall development in agriculture and industry that put a check on ‘Ship to mouth’ economy and with the aim of self-reliance, and placed India strongly among the scientifically and technologically developing nations. Investment in scientific research was 0.1 percent of GNP in 1947. It went up to 0.5 percent in less than a decade. Scientists like SS Bhatnagar, HJ Bhabha and PC Mahalanobis not only built scientific institutions but also helped shape policies.

In the last seven-and-a-half decades, India achieved remarkable development in agriculture, heavy industry, irrigation, energy production, nuclear power capability, space technology, biotechnology, telecommunication, oceanography and science education and research. Today India is an IT superpower, has the largest scientific manpower and largest railway network in the world. The new look India is all poised for a giant leap forward in science and technology.

From its early inventions, including the zero, decimal place value, the Pythagorean Theorem, the value of Pi, the development of natural medicine and perfumes through distillation process, hand guns, non-rusting iron, and much more, India has provided a solid and effective base to further its program of self-sufficiency (Ᾱtmanirbhar Bhārat).

India initiated a landmark policy called “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020” with core vision of being decentralized, evidence informed, bottom-up, experts-driven, and inclusive. The policy aims to be bring-in the concept of ‘dynamic policy’ with a robust policy governance mechanism incorporating features such as periodic review, policy uation, feedback, and adaptation, and a timely exit strategy for various policy instruments.

The exhibition will take a visitor through an absorbing journey of seven & a half decades of Science and Technology in free India, with special emphases on indigenous development and a march towards self-reliance, in a story telling mode with the help of informative visual and graphic panels. It highlights landmarks of India’s development and exploration in S&T, furthering public understanding of science and technology and thus will create a scientific awareness in the society and a sense of national pride. The story is not exhaustive, but indicative only.

The Exhibition has the following sections:

India’s Scientific Heritage
India Wins Freedom
Agriculture
Heavy Industry
Chemical Industry
Medium & Small Scale Industry
Energy Production
Nuclear Power Capability
Rural Development & Appropriate Technology
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Space Technology
Defence Research
Telecom & Electronics Revolution
Information Technology
Medical Sciences & Healthcare
Covid Vaccination: The Success Story
Biotechnology
Oceanography
Climate Change & Environment
Human Resource in S &T

The weeklong exhibition will be opened on February 22, 2022, and will culminate on February 28, 2022, the National Science Day. The exhibition will be supplemented with several outreach programmes; film shows (documentaries on S&T) etc. At New Delhi, the National Science Centre, Delhi, a constituent unit of NCSM, will participate in ‘Vigyan Sarvatra Pujyate’ program to be held at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium during February 22-28, 2022.

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Published: 18th Aug, 2022

Introduction

“India is the cradle of human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of tradition."

- Mark Twain

Seventy-five years ago, India gained Independence from British rule and went on to become one of the largest democracies in the world. In January 1950, India became a republic. While this was much to celebrate, but India has inherited then was an economy battered by colonial exploitation and the horrors of partition. For a country that started its space program with rocket parts being transported to the launch site on a bicycle and ox carts, it now plans to send humans to space.

With the end of Mughal rule, India broke into hundreds of princely states. The British – which was instrumental in the fall of the Mughal Empire – held control over the princely states and created the British Indian Empire.
However, most Indians were extremely dissatisfied with the exploitative foreign rule.
The educated Indians realised that the British always gave priority to their colonial interests and treated India only as a market.
They advocated for the political independence of India.
Initially, its aim was to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between Indians and the British Raj and thus obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians.

About the Indian Freedom struggle

India has went through many hurdles and showcase their opposition to British Raj by several movements in every section of the society like;
Kheda Satyagraha
Champaran Movement
Civil Disobedience movement and Dandi March
Individual Satyagraha and many more;

These movements had led the Britishers to view India’s demands which lead to several agreements and pacts; which later become foundation for India’s Independence:

Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Government of India act, 1935
The communal Award
Cripps mission
August offer etc.

Though India got Independence in 15 th August 1947, the major challenges started thereafter as the wounds of partition, a country with Poverty and malnourishment with loss of all resources left us in a grim situation. Though our leaders pledged to overcome from these issues and worked in the path of progress. India has achieved many milestones since then. Let us look at some;

India’s Achievements

Political Achievements:
Right to vote: From the very first day after Independence, India gave every adult the right to vote. In the US, the right to vote for every individual was given about 150 years after their independence.
First general elections : India took a democratic leap by conducting its first general elections in 1951, with Congress registering a thumping victory by winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first prime minister.
First Asian Games : India hosted the first-ever Asian Games in the year 1951 in New Delhi.
Simla Agreement: India and Pakistan signed the pact in 1972 “to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations”.
Economic achievements: After independence, the Planning Commission propelled the vision of the Planning Committee to overcome the British legacy, the double burden of poverty and inequality.
The national movement saw planning and the public sector as necessities, not just to regenerate industry and agriculture but redistribute the benefits of development to all sections.
White Revolution: In 1970, India saw the White Revolution (Operation Flood) — the world’s biggest dairy development program, pioneered by Verghese Kurien. It transformed India from a milk deficient nation into the world’s largest milk producer .
Few other developments in its path includes; 1991 economic reforms, Green revolution, Demonetisation and implementation of Banking reforms.
Globally India has become an initiator and an achiever in the field of environmental conservation now.
Since, world is in quest of exploiting its natural resources and now in a way to exhaust them completely, all pledged to shift to renewable energy, which India is abundant to all its forms.
This has opened path for India to become a global leader in this field. Few initiatives include; one Sun one world, one grid and nationally determined Contributions (NDCs).
With the strategy to connect to the world maintaining cooperation was India’s International Relations targets.
The US and India also celebrate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relationship and remained to maintain its rules based order and Open Indo-pacific strategy.
India has now friendly relations with Japan, South Korea, USA, UK, Russia and France which accounts for world’s 40% of the economy.
Science and Development: It built the Central Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, the five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and numerous scientific institutions.
Space research is one such field in which India became sixth largest global power.
Pokhran 1: India conducted its first nuclear test, codenamed “Smiling Buddha”, in the year 1974. With this, India broke into the list of five nuclear-powered nations.

India’s struggle: Downfalls and challenges

Although in its journey to achieve the above achievements, India has to face several challenges and downfalls which can be enlisted as below;

1962 Sino-India war: The trigger for the war between India and China was a border issue, with the Chinese side refusing to accept the McMohan Line and Line of Actual Control. The war ended with China declaring a ceasefire in a month.
Chipko Movement: The Chipko Andolan was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1973 in Reni village of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand.
Emergency: Due to prevailing “internal tensions”, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of Emergency that lasted from 1975 to 1977 . It resulted in the suspension of elections and curbing of civil liberties.
1976 mass sterilisation: The campaign was initiated by Sanjay Gandhi and saw about 6.2 million men sterilised in a year, with about 2000 dead owing to botched-up surgeries.
Operation Blue Star: It was the codename for military action to remove militant leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers from the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar.
Bhopal gas tragedy: The Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident on the night of December 3, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh that killed more than 3000 people and left thousands with disabilities.
Babri Masjid demolition: On December 6, 1992, the disputed Babri Masjid at Ayodhya was demolished by Hindu nationalist groups leading to riots across India, Over 2,000 people were killed in the riots.
1999 Kargil war: India launched ‘ Operation Vijay’ after Pakistani forces infiltrated inside LoC. The war ended in July, with India successfully recapturing Tiger Hill.
2002 Gujarat riots: The burning of a train in Godhra on February 27, 2002, triggered one of the worst communal riots in the history of India, leaving 1,044 dead, 223 missing and 2,500 injured.
2004 tsunami: A huge tsunami triggered by a massive undersea earthquake in the Indian Ocean killed an estimated 10,000 people in India, affecting the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Andaman.
J&K bifurcation and end of special status: On August 6, 2019, the Parliament passed a bill dividing Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories of J&K and Ladakh and also adopted a resolution scrapping special status of the state under Article 370.

Way forward for India

Focus of India @100 years of Independence in the Prime Minister’s speech

Under the banner of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav , 75 th year's Independence Day is truly special in a number of ways.
This Mahotsav (or the grand celebration) is dedicated to the people of India who have not only been instrumental in bringing India thus far in its evolutionary journey but also hold within them the power and potential to enable Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of activating India 2.0, fuelled by the spirit of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
National pride and self-esteem were dominant themes as the Prime ministers urged the country to rid itself of the need to look for approval from abroad.
India is now aspiring to complete all its targets and become enriched politically, economically, sustainable environmental growth and in its Technological advancements till its 100th year of independence in

Despite of India’s achievements and rich cultural history, it needs to achieve its full potential and must also hold it and sail with the rest of the world in meeting the benchmarks of democratic rights, equitable distribution of wealth and access to health and education. India might not need approval from other countries, but it needs to do better on rights and freedoms, welfare and justice, growth and development, and in building a more egalitarian society.

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Guts and glory: Story of India's 75 years of independence

India is gearing up to celebrate its 75 years of Independence (76th Independence Day) from British rule on August 15, Monday. India achieved its Independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947.

The struggle for freedom was a long and tiresome one; witnessing the sacrifices of many freedom fighters, who laid down their lives for their country and fellow citizens.

This day honours our freedom fighters, the history of our country, its culture, and the nation's achievements as a whole.

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Arts & Culture

Celebrating 75 years of independent India

05 Aug, 2022

[[read-time]] min read

August 15th, 1947 is etched deep into history and people’s collective memory as the day that India achieved independence. Over the last 75 years, India has channeled her civilizational strengths and cultural diversity into a brand new shared future, and opportunities for achievement, progress, and prosperity for its billion-plus citizens, making our country an inspiration for the rest of the world.

In our journey in India over the past 15+ years, we have had the privilege of solving for India’s unique needs, inspiring innovations that have not just benefited hundreds of millions of people here but those all around the world.

As India ushers in its vision for the next 25 years, we’re excited to join in the country’s 75th Independence Day celebrations by launching a series of special initiatives over the course of the anniversary year across our products and services. These initiatives will enable the many millions of Digital Indians today to participate in this momentous occasion, be inspired by the milestones the country has marked in the past, and moreover, celebrate the steady progress it continues to make on so many fronts.

We are pleased to join the Ministry of Culture to offer people informative online content on the contributions of Indians and the evolution of India’s progress throughout the Government’s own year-long ‘ Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav ’ program.

Mr. G Kishan Reddy, Minister of Tourism, Culture and Development of North Eastern Region of India: “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is an initiative of the Government of India to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of independence and the glorious history of its people, culture, and achievements. This Mahotsav is dedicated to the people of India who have not only been instrumental in bringing India thus far in its evolutionary journey but also hold within them the power and potential to enable Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of activating India 2.0, fuelled by the spirit of Aatmanirbhar Bharat. Having made tremendous progress on empowering citizens through digital, I am hopeful that the partnership with Google shall strengthen the Ministry’s goal of preserving, promoting and disseminating all forms of Indian art and culture. I am pleased to note that Google is launching a broad-based effort to leverage its products and services and pay tribute to the occasion. This is an important expansion of our collaborations with Google Arts & Culture in digitising India’s rich history and heritage.”

The centerpiece of the celebrations is the launch of a new collection on Google Arts & Culture named ‘ India ki Udaan ’. This collection will celebrate India’s unwavering spirit and its 75 years of independence. This special collection, whose literal translation means “India takes flight”, allows anyone to explore more than 120 illustrations and 21 stories created by 10 talented artists, alongside exhibitions from various institutions across India — including the Ministry of Tourism, Museum of Art & Photography, Heritage Directorate of the Indian Railways, the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Dastkari Haat Samiti. This initiative offers a unique view of some of India's remarkable moments and lets people discover India’s history, its iconic personalities, its proudest scientific and sporting achievements, and how women in India continue to inspire the world. As we go forward, we’ll continue to work with partners and artists to enrich the collection.

Click to check out Google Arts & Culture’s new India ki Udaan collection

Amit Sood, Director, Google Arts & Culture: “We’re thrilled to join the celebration with a brand new collection called ‘India ki Udaan’. Our Google Arts & Culture journey began in India ten years ago. Over the past decade, our mission of making world culture more accessible to everyone through technology has evolved. And thanks to more than 100 partners in India, we bring the cultural treasures, stories, and artists from India to the global audience. To our partners, a huge thank you. And by partners we mean everyone: the curator spending time to create a stunning online exhibition, the art handlers who help digitise thousands of spaces and archives, the preservation expert sharing fragile treasures, the directors who believe in participating in an online platform, and everyone behind the scenes. Together with our partners, we look forward to enriching our India ki Udaan collections by bringing to it the unique blend of archives and artistry for people in India and across the globe.”

Starting today, you can explore the ‘India ki Udaan ’ collection in English and Hindi on Google Arts & Culture. Read more here .

A celebration such as this would remain incomplete without the participation of children whose hopes and dreams will help shape the future. We’re thrilled to open up entries to the 2022 Doodle for Google contest on the theme of “In the next 25 years, my India will…” to students from Grade 1-10 based in India through September 30, 2022. For details on how to enter the contest, resources for educators and parents, as well the contest rules, head to our website . The National Winner will see their artwork on the Google homepage in India on November 14th, and win a INR 500,000 college scholarship, a INR 200,000 technology package for their school/non-profit organisation, a recognition of achievement, Google hardware, and fun Google collectibles. 4 Group winners and 15 finalists will also win exciting prizes. We can’t wait to see what students create.

Starting August 15th, we will be launching many delightful experiences across our other products and services for people to participate in the celebrations.

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Independence Day 2022: Essay On 75th Independence Day Of India For Students

On independence day, indians pay tribute to all the prominent leaders of india who have heroically fought for the country's freedom. many events are dedicated at red fort..

On August 15, 2022, India will commemorate its 75th year of Independence. The Prime Minister of India will unfurl the Tricolour from the Red Fort in Old Delhi like every year. On this day, Indians pay tribute to all the prominent leaders of India who have heroically fought for the country's freedom in the past.

Essay On Independence Day Of India For Students

However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been no big celebrations or social events in the past two years. As Independence Day is a national holiday, all government offices, post offices, banks, and retailers will be closed. The states and union governments will webcast the celebrations and events.

Essay on Independence Day in 200 words

On this day, students are asked by their teachers to write an essay, and here are some essay ideas for Independence Day 2022 to impress the teachers.

1. The sacrifices of our brave Indian freedom fighters are remembered on Independence Day. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, unfurled the tricolour national flag at Red Fort and Lahori Gate in Delhi when the country became Independent. From that day, India celebrates Independence Day on this day. After being hoisted, the Tricolour will receive a 'Rashtriya Salute'. The Navy Band will play the National Anthem during the hoisting of the National Flag and the 'Rashritya Salute'. After the Flag hoisting, the Tricolour will receive a 'Rashtriya Salute'. The Navy Band will play the National Anthem during the hoisting of the National Flag and the 'Rashritya Salute'vrate Indian Independence Day.

Schools, Colleges and Universities conduct various cultural activities to celebrate Indian Independence Day.

Kite flying is also a part of the Independence Day of India celebration, with kites of various sizes, shapes, and colours filling the sky. From 1974 onwards, the chief ministers of several states unfurled the national flag. The anniversary of the subcontinent's separation into India and Pakistan is another significant relevance of Independence Day. Our country is regarded as the world's largest democracy. The UK Parliament enacted the Indian Independence Act 1947 on this day, transferring legislative authority to the Indian nation.

Independence Day India: Moderate And Revolutionary Phase Of Indian Freedom Struggle For Students

2. Our main goal in celebrating Independence Day is to educate our young generation about the pride and courage of our great freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives for our country's freedom. It's the day we put aside our cultural differences and come together as true Indians. Youth awareness is necessary because the nation's future rests on the youngsters and their power to influence the country. As a result, our responsibility is to serve the country and make every effort to improve society.

Independence day is marked by a strong sense of patriotism and nationalism across the country. The day also reflects our pride and solidarity in the country's diversity. India, a land of people of all religions living together in a diversified society with a rich culture and heritage, celebrates this significant occasion with tremendous joy. We are elated, and it motivates us to defend our motherland against any attack on the country's dignity and sovereignty.

Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Sukhdev, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Chandra Shekhar Azad, and others are among the prominent freedom fighters without whom our dream of Independence would not have been possible. Our country is free today of British rule because of their sacrifice and hard effort. August 15 is the day when the country's citizens honour our freedom fighters.

Quit India Movement Anniversary: Ahead Of 75th Independence Day, Know The Story Of Quit India Movement

Essay on Independence Day in 500 words

If you get an assignment to write an essay on Independence Day in 500 or 800 words then you can add the below points in the above essay points.

Every year India celebrates Independence day on August 15. As it is on this day in 1947, India gained Independence from British rule. We celebrate Independence day to remember our freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives to make our country independent. Our Independence Day is important in every Indian's life as it is the day we can remember our martyrs who died for the country. Also, it is the only day we forget all our cultural differences and unite as one true Indian.

On this occasion, various cultural activities are conducted by schools. Plays, drama, dance, essay competitions and quizzes. Students dress up as their freedom fighters as well. The Independence day celebration is done on a wide scale. Every government building is decorated with light, the same colour as our national flag, orange, green and white.

What is special this year?

For the 75th independence day, Har Ghar Tiranga Movement will be launched. Everyone has to hoist Tiranga on their homes from 13-15 August. This campaign aims to celebrate 75 glorious years of Independence of India and showcase patriotism. From now on, the Tiranga can be hoisted day and night. On August 15, various events are organized at different locations connected with Freedom Struggle to portray the patriotic feeling and honouring the freedom fighters of our country.

The youth of our country can bring change to the nation as it is rightly said that the future depends on the young generation. So we must serve the nation and make every possible effort to improve our country. One of the main motives for the celebration of Independence Day is to make our youth aware of freedom fighters and the importance of Independence.

Stories of freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh are very inspiring for our generation.

Famous Quotes in Independence Day Essay

At the end of the essay on I-Day, don't forget to provide a quote from our freedom fighters. Here is the list of a few quotes from which you can pick your favourite one:

"Patriotism is religion and religion is love for India" - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

"India's Soul live in villages" - Mahatama Gandhi

"Swaraj mera janam sidh adhikar hai, aur mai ise lekar rahunga" - Bal Gangadhar Tilak

"Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab •hamare dil me hai, dekhna hai zor kitna baazu-e-qaatil mein hai" - Ramprasad Bismil

"Khoon se khelenge Holi gar Vatan mushkil main hai" - Ashfaqullah Khan

"Inqalab Zindabad" - Shaheed Bhagat Singh

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75 years of Indian Independence: Looking at India’s journey from 1947 through the lens of significant events in each year

When the britishers came to india, it was a large undivided land filled with wealth and riches. when they left, india was struggling with poverty and chaos..

From being a colony to becoming an important nation in world politics, India has come a long, long way. (Photo credit: Pixabay)

India gained its Independence from the long British rule on August 15, 1947, at the cost of Partition.
On January 26, 1950, the Constitution of India became effective and India became a Republic.
To date, the Emergency remains one of the darkest periods of independent India's social narrative.

New Delhi: On August 15, 2022, India will celebrate its 76th Independence Day . The number is significant, for it alone indicates how many years India has journeyed as an independent nation after driving out the British colonisers. The journey, of course, was not an easy one. When the Britishers came to India, it was a large undivided land filled with wealth and riches. When they left, the land was no longer undivided, as the colonisers had carved it up into India and Pakistan (Present-day Bangladesh was part of Pakistan then). The country was struggling with poverty, chaos and bewilderment, for it was almost 200 years ago since the country last breathed in the air of freedom.

But India decided to fight. First, it took baby steps with its newfound freedom. It stumbled while trying to overcome the obstacles in its way, but never gave up. Then gradually, it understood the ways of the world (quite literally), and one day, it was found to be taking rapid strides towards development in every sphere. India, today, is one of the most prominent and respected nations in the world. From the status of a colony to becoming a country that is playing an increasingly important role in world politics, India has come a long, long way. A journey which we can count by 75 years.

As the 75th Independence Day is coming nearer, let us take a look at the iconic and important moments that shaped the narrative and course of Independent India.

1947: Independence and Partition

India gained its Independence from the long British rule on August 15, 1947. Just before the clock struck 12, on August 14, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru delivered the famous ‘Tryst with Destiny’ speech to the Indian Constituent Assembly in the Parliament. On August 15, he raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. But the Independence of India came at a painful cost in the form of the Partition, and lakhs and lakhs of people were uprooted from their homes. Many died in the confusion and journey from one country to another, and those who lived narrated its horrors to the subsequent generation.

1948: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated

Mahatama Gandhi, the great freedom fighter who is lovingly considered the Father of the Nation in India, was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Vinayak Godse in New Delhi. Godse was a member of the Hindu Mahasabha and a former member of RSS who was of the view that Gandhi was too accommodating to Muslims during the Partition of India.

1949: Constitution of India was adopted

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India, a document that simply needs no introduction. The date November 26, 1949, holds a significant place in India’s history, as it was on that day that the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India.

1950: India became a Republic

In order of importance, 1950 is possibly the most important and epoch-making year in independent India’s history after 1947. For it was on January 26, 1950, that the Constitution of India became effective. It replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. Every year, January 26 is celebrated as Republic Day.

1951: The First Five-year Plan was launched

Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralised and integrated national economic programs, and it was former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru who presented the First Five-Year Plan to the Parliament of India. It was launched in 1951 and was based on the Harrod–Domar model with few modifications. Its main focus was to develop the primary sector of the country.

1952: India witnessed the first Lok Sabha election

In India, the Lok Sabha election was held for the first time between October 25, 1951, and February 21, 1952. It was a humungous affair, as 1,949 candidates competed for 489 seats in the Lok Sabha. More than 173 million people out of an overall population of about 360 million were eligible to vote, making it the largest election conducted at the time. The voter turnout was 45.7 per cent. Congress bagged a mammoth 364 seats out of the total 489 seats and 45 per cent of the total votes polled, and Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of India.

1953: Air India was nationalised

In 1932, JRD Tata founded Air India as Tata Airlines and himself flew its first single-engine de Havilland Puss Moth, a British three-seater high-wing monoplane aeroplane. After World War II, regular commercial service was restored in India and Tata Airlines became a public limited company in 1946 under the name Air India. In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons JRD Tata remained its Chairman till 1977. The company was renamed Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines.

1954: India and China signed the Panchsheel

Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, were first formally enunciated in the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India or the Sino-Indian Agreement which was signed on April 29, 1954. It stated, in its preamble, that the two governments resolved to enter into the agreement based on the principles of,

Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
Mutual non-aggression
Mutual non-interference
Equality and mutual benefit
Peaceful co-existence

1955: State Bank of India (SBI) was founded

The State Bank of India was formed from the imperial bank of India in 1955. The three Presidency banks in pre-Independent India, the Bank of Bengal, the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras merged to form the Imperial Bank of India on January 27, 1921. On 1 July 1955, the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. It is the 43rd largest bank in the world and the largest bank in India.

1956: Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) was established

The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), an Indian statutory insurance and investment corporation was established on September 1, 1956, when the Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance of India Act which nationalised the insurance industry in India. The LIC was created by merging over 245 insurance companies and provident societies.

1957: The decimalisation of the rupee

India decimalised its rupee 10 years after Independence, in 1957. The Indian Coinage Act was amended in September 1955 for the adoption of a decimal system for coinage, and it came into force with effect on April 1, 1957. The rupee remained unchanged in value and nomenclature, but it was now divided into 100 ‘Paisa’ instead of 16 Annas or 64 Pice. For public recognition, the new decimal Paisa was termed ‘Naya Paisa’ until June 1, 1964, when the term ‘Naya’ was dropped.

1958: Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act was passed

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, commonly known as AFSPA, was passed in 1958. It is an Act that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces to maintain public order in “disturbed areas”. According to the Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976, an area, once declared ‘disturbed’, has to maintain the status quo for at least six months.

1959: Dalai Lama was given political asylum by India

The 1959 Tibetan uprising began on March 10, 1959, in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. Dalai Lama fearing for his life escaped from Tibet with his followers with the help of the CIA Special and crossed into India on March 30, 1959. He reached Tezpur in Assam on April 18, and later, he set up the Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala, which is often referred to as “Little Lhasa”.

1960: Maharashtra was formed

On May 1, 1960, the state of Maharashtra was formed from the division of the erstwhile Bombay State. Since then, May 1 is celebrated every year as Maharashtra Day or Maharashtra Din in the state.

1961: Liberation of Goa

In 1961, India annexed Goa, Daman and Diu, which were then Portuguese Indian territories. From December 17 to December 19, 1961, the Indian Armed Forces carried out Operation Vijay and ended 451 years of rule by Portugal over its remaining exclaves in India, which is also known as the ‘Liberation of Goa’. After Portuguese rule ended, Goa was placed under military administration and on June 9, 1962, military rule was replaced by the civilian government.

1962: India-China War

The India-China War in 1962 began on October 20, and ended when China declared a ceasefire on November 20 and simultaneously announced its withdrawal to its claimed “Line of Actual Control”. The main cause of the war was a dispute over the sovereignty of the widely separated Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh border regions.

1963: India’s first-ever rocket launch

On November 21, 1963, the launch of the first sounding rocket from Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, marked the beginning of the Indian Space Programme. Sounding rockets made it possible to probe the atmosphere in situ using rocket-borne instrumentation.

1964: Sirima-Shastri Pact was signed

The Sirima-Shastri Pact or Srimavo-Shastri Pact was an agreement that was signed between Sirimavo Bandaranaike, former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, and Lal Bahadur Shastri, former Prime Minister of India, on October 30, 1964. It was officially called the Agreement on Persons of Indian Origin in Ceylon and was an important agreement in determining the status and future of people of Indian origin in Sri Lanka.

Also, on May 27, 1964, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, breathed his last.

1965: India-Pakistan War

The India-Pakistan War of 1965 or the Second Kashmir War took place between August and September of that year. On August 5, 1965, between 26,000 and 33,000 Pakistan soldiers crossed the Line of Control dressed as Kashmiri locals, aiming to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. On August 15, Indian forces crossed the cease-fire line. On September 20, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution, demanding an unconditional ceasefire from both nations within 48 hours. While India immediately accepted the demand, Pakistan accepted it on September 23.

1966: The year of notable events

In 1966, three important events took place that shaped the subsequent course of India’s narrative:

On January 10, 1966, the Tashkent Declaration, a peace agreement between India and Pakistan, was signed. It resolved the India-Pakistan War of 1965. The Soviets, represented by Premier Aleksey Kosygin, moderated between former Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and former Pakistan President Muhammad Ayub Khan.
On January 11, 1966, the second Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri breathed his last in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then in the Soviet Union), one day after signing the peace treaty.
After Shastri’s death, Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India on January 24, 1966.

1967: Nathu La and Cho La clashes took place

The Nathu La and Cho La clashes, also referred to as the Sino-Indian War of 1967, was a series of border clashes between India and China alongside the border of the erstwhile Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate. It started on September 11, 1967, when China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) attacked Indian posts at Nathu La, and ended on September 15, 1967. In October 1967, another military clash took place at Cho La and ended on the same day.

1968: Three-language formula was introduced

In 1968, the three-language formula, a language learning policy, was formulated by the Union Ministry of Education. It was adopted by the Indian Parliament and was incorporated into the National Education Policy in the same year. It provided for the study of “Hindi, English and modern Indian language (preferably one of the southern languages) in the Hindi speaking states and Hindi, English and the regional language in the non-Hindi speaking states”.

1969: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed

The Indian Space Research Organisation, commonly known as the ISRO, was formed on August 15, 1969. ISRO is India’s primary agency performing tasks related to space-based applications, space exploration and the development of related technologies.

1970: The Patents Act was passed

The Patents Act was passed in the Indian Parliament in 1970, and to date, it is the legislation that governs patents in India. The Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM) generally known as the Indian Patent Office, is an agency under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade which administers the Indian law of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks.

1971: The India-Pakistan War

The 1971 India-Pakistan War is one of the most significant moments in the history of Independent India. It took place during the Bangladesh Liberation War, from December 3, 1971, to December 16, 1971. On December 3, the Pakistan Air Force carried out Operation Chengiz Khan, the code name assigned to their preemptive strikes on the forward airbases and radar installations of the Indian Air Force. It prompted India to enter into the Bangladesh Liberation War, which was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in erstwhile East Pakistan. India crushed Pakistan in war and forced the Pakistan military to sign the Instrument of Surrender on December 16, 1971, in Dhaka. Pakistan’s defeat resulted in the formation of a new country, Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan.

1972: The Simla Agreement was signed

On July 2, 1972, the Simla Agreement was signed by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistan President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Under the Simla Agreement, both India and Pakistan undertook to abjure conflict and confrontation which had marred relations in the past, and to work towards the establishment of durable peace, friendship and cooperation. It had a set of guiding principles, mutually agreed to by India and Pakistan, which both sides would adhere to while managing relations with each other. The Simla Agreement focused on respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, respect for each other’s unity, political independence, sovereign equality, and abjuring hostile propaganda. It also agreed on the fact that every issue would be resolved peacefully through direct bilateral approaches, building the foundations of a cooperative relationship, and the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir would not be violated.

1973: Mysore State renamed Karnataka

Mysore State was a state in Independent India. It was formed in 1947 out of the territories of the Kingdom of Mysore and it existed in that form till 1956, and its capital was Bangalore (currently Bengaluru). In 1956, it was considerably enlarged, when it became a linguistically homogeneous Kannada-speaking state in India. On November 1, 1973, it was renamed Karnataka.

1974: Operation Smiling Buddha took place

Officially known as Pokhran-I, Operation Smiling Buddha was the assigned code name of India’s first successful nuclear bomb test which took place on May 18, 1974. The bomb was detonated in Pokhran Test Range (PTR) in Rajasthan, by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals. It was the first confirmed nuclear weapons test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the UNSC. In 1975, Homi Sethna, a chemical engineer and the chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission (AECI), Raja Ramanna of BARC, and Basanti Nagchaudhuri of DRDO, were honoured with the Padma Vibhushan, and five other project members received the Padma Shri.

1975: The Emergency was imposed

To date, the Emergency remains one of the darkest periods of India’s history post-1947. It was officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed upon the advice of the then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. It was in effect from June 25, 1975, until its withdrawal on March 21, 1977. Elections were cancelled, civil liberties were suspended, most of Indira Gandhi’s political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Numerous human rights were violated during that period. Sanjay Gandhi, the son of Indira Gandhi, spearheaded a brutal, ruthless mass campaign for vasectomy. As per reports, in 1976-1977, the program led to 8.3 million sterilizations, most of them forced. Many innocent people were imprisoned and tortured as all kinds of fundamental rights were thrown out of the window. To date, the controversies regarding the Emergency and its nightmarish brutality have stayed alive in the mainstream narrative, and in the subsequent years, it has been heavily criticised for all the right reasons.

Amid the dark cloud of chaos that pervaded India, something good happened. Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, was launched on April 19, 1975, from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site. The satellite was named after the prominent Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata of the 5th century AD and was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

1976: Sanjay Gandhi’s infamous sterilisation programme

During the period of Emergency in India when fundamental rights did not exist in the country, Sanjay Gandhi, the son of the then Prime Minister of India, allegedly did something heinous. In September 1976, he initiated a widespread compulsory sterilisation programme to limit the growth of the population in India. Experts have debated the exact extent of Gandhi’s role in the implementation of the programme. According to some experts, Gandhi was directly responsible for his authoritarianism, while other experts blame the officials who implemented the programme rather than Gandhi himself. Rukhsana Sultana, one of Gandhi’s close associates, received tremendous criticism for the sterilisation campaign in certain areas of old Delhi. The campaign primarily involved getting males to undergo vasectomy, and allegedly, unwilling candidates were also sterilised. In 1976-1977, the programme led to 8.3 million sterilisations, most of them forced. Later, some spine-chilling incidents were reported that showed the true brutality of the programme.

1977: Lok Sabha election and first non-Congress government

On January 18, 1977, amid the Emergency, Indira Gandhi called for fresh elections and released some political prisoners. On January 20, four Opposition parties, the Indian National Congress (Organisation), the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the Bharatiya Lok Dal and the Praja Socialist Party, decided to fight the elections under a single banner called the Janata Alliance. A defeat looked imminent for the Congress and Indira Gandhi, who came under heavy criticism because of the Emergency. The Lok Sabha elections were held between March 16 and March 20, 1977. The Emergency expired on March 21, shortly before the final results were announced. The Janata Alliance crushed Congress, and incumbent Prime Minister Indira Gandhi lost her seat in Rae Bareli. On March 24, Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India, and the first non-Congress government in independent India was formed. At the age of 81, Desai became the oldest man to be elected PM of India.

In the same year, a devastating tropical cyclone hit Andhra Pradesh in November. About 100 villages were washed away by the cyclonic storms and the ensuing floods and a total of 10,841 were killed or went missing, and 34 lakh people were rendered homeless.

1978: Indira Gandhi came back to Parliament and was arrested

In the 1977 Lok Sabha elections, Indira Gandhi lost her seat in Rae Bareli and Congress appointed Yashwantrao Chavan as its Parliamentary party leader. Soon afterwards, the Congress party split again with Gandhi floating her own Congress faction. She won a by-election in the erstwhile Chikkamagaluru Lok Sabha Constituency and took a seat in the Lok Sabha in November 1978. However, the Janata Government’s Home Minister, Choudhary Charan Singh, ordered her arrest along with Sanjay Gandhi. They were arrested on several charges, which would be difficult to prove in court. The arrest automatically expelled Gandhi from Parliament. However, this strategy backfired disastrously, and her arrest and long-running trial helped her to gain sympathy from many people.

1979: The Mandal Commission was established

In 1979, the Janata Party Government led by Prime Minister Morarji Desai established the Mandal Commission. It was established to “identify the socially or educationally backward classes” of India. It was headed by BP Mandal, a parliamentarian, to consider the question of reservations for people to redress caste discrimination and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to determine backwardness. The recommendations of the Mandal Commission in its report and its subsequent implementation created widespread controversy in India.

1980: A significant year for Indian politics

The year 1980 is significant in the history of Indian politics.

On April 6, 1980, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was formed. It is currently the ruling party in the central government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. As of July 2022, it is the country’s largest political party in terms of representation in Parliament and state legislatures. The BJP is a right-wing party and has close ideological and organisational links to the much older Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Since January 20, 2022, JP has been serving as the president of the BJP.
The 1980 Lok Sabha election witnessed the strong comeback of Indira Gandhi and her Congress (I) to power. It was held due to the fall of the Janata government, which was formed after the 1977 general elections. Morarji Desai lost a vote of confidence in the Parliament and had to resign from the post of Prime Minister. Charan Singh became the PM in June 1979. Even though Congress promised to support him, it backed out just two days before the government was scheduled to prove its majority in Lok Sabha. Charan Singh was forced to resign and called for elections in January 1980. Indira Gandhi once again became the PM with a thumping victory, with Congress winning 353 seats. Janata Party won just 31 seats, and Charan Singh’s Janata Party (Secular) bagged 41 seats.
On June 23, 1980, Sanjay Gandhi, who was widely expected to succeed her mother as the leader of Congress, died in a plane crash near Safdarjung Airport in New Delhi. He was flying a new aircraft of the Delhi Flying Club, and, while performing an aerobatic manoeuvre over his office, lost control and crashed. He died instantly, it reportedly took eight surgeons four hours to stitch up his mutilated body.

1981: Infosys was founded

On July 2, 1981, Infosys, an Indian multinational information technology company that provides business consulting, information technology and outsourcing services was founded. It is one of the largest Indian IT companies in India, and according to Forbes Global 2000 ranking, it was the 602nd largest public company in the world back then. It was founded by seven engineers, NR Narayana Murthy, Nandan Nilekani, S Gopalakrishnan, SD Shibulal, K Dinesh, NS Raghavan and Ashok Arora in 1981 in Pune. On July 2, 1981, it was registered as Infosys Consultants Private Limited, its office was relocated to Bengaluru in 1983. Later, it was renamed Infosys Limited in June 2011. On August 24, 2021, it became the fourth Indian company to cross $100 billion in market capitalization.

1982: Colour television began its journey in India

On August 15, 1982, Doordarshan introduced a national telecast service (DD National) from its own TV studio in Mandi House, New Delhi. In India, colour television began its journey with the live telecast of the Independence Day speech by former PM Indira Gandhi on August 15 that year, followed by the colour telecast of the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi.

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, commonly known as NABARD, was established on July 12, 1982, on the recommendations of the B Sivaraman Committee. NABARD is an apex regulatory body for the overall regulation of regional rural banks and apex cooperative banks in India and works under the jurisdiction of the Union Ministry of Finance.

1983: India won the cricket World Cup for the first time

Nobody gave India any real chance of winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup (then known as Prudential Cup) and expected them to be a pushover. But India, led by Kapil Dev and having players like Mohinder Amarnath, Kirti Azad, Roger Binny, Balwinder Sandhu, Krishnamachari Srikkanth and Yashpal Sharma among others, defied all odds to win the World Cup for the first time. In the final of the tournament, India defeated West Indies by 43 runs and scripted one of the most stunning upsets in cricket history. It would change the history of cricket forever and would result in India becoming a powerhouse in the sport.

1984: Indira Gandhi assassination and Bhopal gas tragedy

On October 31, 1984, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi by her Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh. It took place after Operation Blue Star, an Indian military action which was carried out between June 1 and 8, 1984, on the orders of Gandhi to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The assailants had fired 33 bullets at her, of which 30 had hit; 23 had passed through her body, while seven remained inside.

In the same year, arguably the worst industrial disaster in the world took place in India. The Bhopal disaster, also known as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a chemical accident that occurred on the night of December 2-3, 1984, at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The official immediate death toll was 2,259. In 2006, a government affidavit stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.

1985: TADA came into effect

In 1985, the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, commonly known as TADA, came into effect. On May 23, 1985, the President of India gave assent to Act, and on May 24, 1985, it came into effect. TADA was an anti-terrorism law in India which was in force between 1985 and 1995 (modified in 1987). The Act was implemented to thwart the Khalistani Movement, an armed Sikh separatist movement in Punjab, and the Act later expanded to encompass other states as well. It was allowed to lapse in 1995 due to increasing unpopularity after widespread allegations of abuse. TADA was the first anti-terrorism law legislated by the government to define and counter the activities of terrorists.

1986: First Operation Black Thunder took place

Operation Black Thunder was the name given to two operations that took place in India in the late 1980s to flush out remaining pro-Khalistan Sikh militants from the Golden Temple. On April 30, 1986, the first Operation Black Thunder took place, and it was commanded by Julio Ribeiro, who was the DGP of Punjab. For three months before the operation took place, about 200 radical Sikh militants had been occupying the temple premises. About 300 National Security Guards commandos stormed the Golden Temple along with 700 Border Security Force troops and captured about 200 Sikh militants. The operation lasted for eight hours and was approved by former Punjab CM Surjit Singh Barnala.

1987: Goa became a state of India

On December 19, 1961, the Indian Army conducted Operation Vijay and annexed Goa, and Daman and Diu islands, ending the Portuguese rule there. Goa, along with Daman and Diu, was organised as a Union Territory of India. On January 16, 1967, a referendum was held in Goa, to decide the future of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. On May 30, 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa became the 25th state of India, and Daman and Diu remained a Union Territory.

1988: The SEBI was established

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for the securities and commodity market in India. It is owned by the Union Ministry of Finance and was established on April 12, 1988. Later, it was given Statutory Powers on January 30, 1992, through the SEBI Act, 1992.

1989: Agni was successfully launched

The Agni missile is a family of medium to intercontinental range ballistic missiles developed by India. Agni missiles are long-range, nuclear weapons capable, surface-to-surface ballistic missiles. The first missile of the series, Agni-I was tested at the Interim Test Range in Chandipur in 1989. It was India’s first intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), and at that time, elevated India into a prestigious league of only five nations in the world with IRBM strategic capability.

1990: Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus

The Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus or the Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits in 1990 is one of the most significant events in independent India. The migration or flight took place in early 1990 from the Kashmir valley following an extreme rise in violence and insurgency by extremist groups. A series of gruesome high-profile murders and threats by the terrorists pushed the Kashmiri Pandits into a corner, and lawlessness and chaos took over the Valley. Numerous violent incidents forced thousands of Pandits to flee the Valley for safety. According to Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), the local organisation of Hindus in Kashmir, 357 Hindus were killed in Kashmir in 1990.

1991: Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

On May 21, 1991, a suicide bombing in Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu killed former Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi. Apart from Gandhi, at least 14 others were killed in the blast and 43 people were grievously injured. The name of the suicide bomber was Thenmozhi Rajaratnam, also known as Dhanu. She was a member of the Sri Lankan Tamil separatist organisation Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The incident sent shockwaves across India and was mourned by prominent personalities all over the world.

1992: Demolition of the Babri Masjid

The demolition of the Babri Masjid is one of the most controversial incidents in the history of independent India. Situated in Uttar Pradesh’s Ayodhya, the Babri Masjid was the subject of a lengthy socio-political dispute and was targeted after a political rally organised by Hindu nationalist organisations turned violent. On December 6, 1992, the Vishva Hindu Parishad and the BJP organised a rally at the site involving 1,50,000 volunteers, known as ‘kar sevaks’. The rally turned violent, and the infuriated crowd overpowered the security forces and razed the mosque to the ground. This demolition led to communal riots in India, causing the death of at least 2,000 people.

1993: Bombay blasts

On March 12, 1993, Bombay (currently Mumbai), the capital of Maharashtra, was rocked by a series of 12 deadly bombings. The single-day attacks killed 257 people and injured 1,400. The attacks were coordinated by Dawood Ibrahim, the leader of the international organised crime syndicate D-Company. He ordered and organised the bombings through his subordinates, Tiger Memon and Yakub Memon. On March 21, 2013, the Supreme Court of India upheld the death sentence against suspected ringleader Yakub and reduced the previous death sentences against 10 others to life in prison. However, two of the main suspects in the case, Ibrahim and Tiger, are yet to be arrested or tried.

1994: Prithvi missile inducted into the Indian Army

Prithvi is a tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. Prithvi I class was a single-stage liquid-fueled surface-to-surface ballistic missile having a maximum warhead mounting capability of 1,000 kg, with a range of 150 km (93 mi). This class of Prithvi missiles was inducted into the Indian Army in 1994.

1995: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited was founded

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) is a centre-state joint venture that operates the Delhi Metro, and it was founded on May 3, 1995. The DMRC also plans and implements metro rail, monorail, and high-speed rail projects in India and abroad. Elattuvalapil Sreedharan, also known as the ‘Metro Man’, was the first managing director of DMRC.

1996: Atal Bihari Vajpayee became PM for the first time

Ahead of the 1996 Lok Sabha elections, the then BJP president LK Advani declared that Atal Bihari Vajpayee would be the party’s prime ministerial candidate. After the election results were declared, the BJP, with 161 seats, became the single largest party in Parliament. President of India Shankar Dayal Sharma invited Vajpayee to form the government, and he was sworn in as the 10th prime minister of India. But the BJP failed to muster a majority among members of the Lok Sabha, and Vajpayee resigned after a few days when it became clear that he did not have enough support to form a government. His first tenure as the Prime Minister of India lasted from May 16, 1996, to June 1, 1996.

1997: The year of RJD, KR Narayanan and a sorrowful incident

On July 5, 1997, the political spectrum of Bihar changed forever. It was on that day that Lalu Prasad Yadav founded the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), a socialist political party. The RJD was formed as a breakaway of the Janata Dal, and Lalu Prasad was elected as the first president of the party.
On July 17, 1997, KR Narayanan was elected to become the President of India with 95 per cent of the votes in the electoral college. It is the only presidential election to have been held with a minority government holding power at the Centre. He was sworn in on July 25 and became the first person from the Dalit community to hold the post.
On September 5, 1997, Mother Teresa, also known as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, passed away in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata) in West Bengal. She was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun who in 1950 founded the Missionaries of Charity. In 1979, she received the Nobel Peace Prize for the works she undertook in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress in our society.

1998: India conducted Pokhran-II tests

In May 1998, India conducted a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions at the Army’s Pokhran Test Range, and it is known as the Pokhran-II tests. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India, after the Smiling Buddha in May 1974. The tests achieved their main objective of giving India the capability to build fission and thermonuclear weapons with yields up to 200 kilotons.

1999: Atal Bihari Vajpayee became PM for the third time, Kargil War and Air India flight hijacked

In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won 303 seats out of the 543 seats in the Lok Sabha, securing a comfortable and stable majority. On October 13, 1999, Vajpayee took oath as the Prime Minister of India for the third time. By the time he left the office in 2004, he had become the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term.
The Kargil War, a significant moment in the history of bilateral relations between India and Pakistan, was an armed conflict between the two countries that took place from May to July 1999 in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LoC). It was caused by the infiltration of Pakistan troops, disguised as Kashmiri militants, into positions on the Indian side of the LoC. The Indian Armed Forces recaptured a majority of the positions on the Indian side of the LoC, and Pakistan, under international political pressure, withdrew its forces from the remaining Indian positions along the LoC.
On December 24, 1999, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen terrorists hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 (IC 814). The abducted hostages were released only after the Indian government agreed to the demand of the terrorist group to release jailed terrorists. The flight was travelling from Nepal to Delhi on that day. There were 176 passengers and 15 crew members on the flight.

2000: Jharkhand became India’s 26th state and Bill Clinton visited India

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India that shares its border with West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. The state was formed on November 15, 2000, after carving out what was previously the southern half of Bihar.

On March 20, 2000, US President Bill Clinton arrived in New Delhi to a warm welcome amidst unprecedented security. It was the first India visit by a US President in 22 years. The visit was immensely important as it rekindled India-US relations, after the slide in the wake of the Pokhran II nuclear tests in May 1998. While the US described the trip as the turning of a new leaf in India-US relations, India described it as the harbinger of “a qualitatively new” relationship.

2001: Gujarat, Narendra Modi and Parliament attack

On January 26, 2001, on India’s 52nd Republic Day, tragedy struck Gujarat. An earthquake, known as the Gujarat earthquake or the Bhuj earthquake, shattered the state and destroyed the lives of thousands of people. The epicentre of the earthquake was about 9 km south-southwest of the Chobari village in the Kutch District of Gujarat. The massive earthquake resulted in the death of 13,805 to 20,023 people (including 18 in southeastern Pakistan), injured another 1,67,000 and destroyed nearly 3,40,000 buildings.
It was in 2001 that Narendra Modi truly announced himself in the national political arena for the first time. On October 3, 2001, he replaced a weary Keshubhai Patel as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and was entrusted with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the 2002 state Assembly elections. He was sworn in as the CM on October 7, 2001.
On December 13, 2001, terrorists belonging to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) attacked the Parliament of India in New Delhi. The attack led to the deaths of six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Service personnel, and a gardener, and increased the tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff. The five terrorists who perpetrated the attack were killed outside the Parliament.

2002: Prevention of Terrorism Act, Gujarat riots

The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA) was an Act passed by the Parliament of India in 2002, to strengthen the anti-terrorism operations of India’s security forces. It replaced the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO) of 2001 and the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA). In 2004, the Act was repealed by the United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.

The 2002 Gujarat riots, also known as the 2002 Gujarat violence was three-day communal violence in Gujarat. Reportedly, the riot was a result of the burning of a train in Godhra on February 27, 2002, which caused the deaths of 58 Hindu pilgrims and ‘kar sevaks’ returning from Ayodhya. According to official figures, 1,044 people died and 2,500 were injured in the riots.

2003: Mumbai bombings

On August 25, 2003, two car bombings took place in Mumbai, that killed 54, and injured 244 people. One of the explosions took place at the Gateway of India and another one took place in a jewellery market Zaveri Bazaar near the Mumba Devi Temple in central Mumbai. Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba was blamed for the attack.

2004: Congress came back to power

The 2004 Lok Sabha elections in India were held between April 20 and May 10, 2004, and they were the first elections in India fully carried out with electronic voting machines. The Congress came back to power after eight years, and it led the United Progressive Alliance in forming the government. Congress leader and former Finance Minister Manmohan Singh became the 13th Prime Minister of India.

2005: Delhi bombings, and a landmark judgement

On October 29, 2005, three terrorist-orchestrated explosions took place in Delhi, killing 62 people and injuring at least 210 others. The bombings happened two days before Diwali and were triggered in two markets in central and south Delhi and in a bus in the south of the city. The terrorist outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba was blamed for the attack.

On April 25, 2005, the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, in a landmark judgement, ruled that hospitals are duty bound to accept accident victims, patients in critical condition and that doctors cannot demand fees before agreeing to treat the patient and that a relative’s consent is not necessary if there is no family member present at the time.

2006: Former US President George W Bush visited India

In March 2006, former US President George W Bush visited India, and the trip left behind a significant legacy in the narrative of the India-US relationship. Bush reversed decades of US policy during the trip as he focused particularly on areas of nuclear energy, counter-terrorism cooperation, and discussions that would eventually lead to the India-United States Civil Nuclear Agreement. It was in stark contrast to the stance taken by his predecessor Bill Clinton, whose approach to India after the 1998 nuclear tests have been characterised as “sanctions and hectoring”.

2007: A female President and a World Cup win

In 2007, India got its first-ever female President in the form of Pratibha Patil. An Indian politician and lawyer, Patil served as the 12th President of India from July 2007 to July 2012.

Against all odds, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the inaugural T20I world championship which was contested in South Africa from September 11 to 24, 2007. The Men in Blue defeated arch-rivals Pakistan by five runs in the final to clinch the trophy.

2008: Chandrayaan-1 launch and the heinous 26/11 attacks

Chandrayaan-1 was the first Indian lunar probe under the Chandrayaan program which was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on October 22, 2008. The mission was a major boost to India’s space program, as our country researched and developed its own technology to explore the Moon.

The 2008 Mumbai attacks, also known as 26/11, are possibly the most significant and deadly terrorist attacks carried out on Indian soil. A series of terrorist attacks took place in November 2008, when 10 members of the terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba carried out 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks for four days across Mumbai. The attacks, which drew widespread global condemnation, began on November 26 (Wednesday) and lasted until November 29 (Saturday), 2008. A total of 175 people died, including nine attackers, and more than 300 were wounded.

2009: The NIA was formed

The National Investigation Agency (NIA), the primary counter-terrorist task force in India, was formed in 2009. It came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 by the Indian Parliament on December 31, 2008. The founding Director-General of NIA was Radha Vinod Raju.

Other events in 2009

The Satyam Computer Services scandal is one of India’s largest corporate frauds that erupted in 2009. It all began on January 7, 2009, when the chairman of Satyam, Byrraju Ramalinga Raju, resigned and confessed in a letter to the SEBI that he had manipulated the accounts of Rs 7,000 crore in several forms.
After the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by Congress formed the government after winning a majority of seats, and Manmohan Singh became the first Prime Minister of India since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.
On July 26, 2009, India launched its first nuclear submarine, the INS Arihant.

2010: Education became a fundamental right of children

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Indian Parliament that was enacted on August 4, 2009. It describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. When the Act came into force on April 1, 2010, India became one of the countries in the world to make education a fundamental right.

The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The house listing phase began on April 1, 2010, and involved the collection of information about all buildings.

The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in Delhi from October 3 to 14, 2010. A total of 4,352 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in India, eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998.

2011: India won the World Cup

India won the ICC ODI World Cup for the second time in 2011. On April 2, India won the tournament by defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. Thus, India became the first country to win the ODI World Cup final on home soil. Mahendra Singh Dhoni was the Man of the Match in the final and Yuvraj Singh was declared the Man of the Tournament.

On April 5, 2011, social activist Anna Hazare started a hunger strike to pressurise the Indian government in enacting a stringent anti-corruption law, The Lokpal Bill, 2011 as envisaged in the Jan Lokpal Bill. His hunger strike garnered tremendous support from all over the country. It ended on April 9, a day after the government accepted Hazare’s demands. The government issued a gazette notification on the formation of a joint committee, consisting of government and civil society representatives, to draft the legislation.

In the 2011 West Bengal Assembly elections, Mamata Banerjee and her party All India Trinamool Congress ended the 34-year-old Left Front regime in the state. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of West Bengal on May 20, 2011. Thus, she became the first female Chief Minister of the state.

2012: The heinous Delhi gangrape and murder

On December 16, 2012, in Delhi, a 22-year-old woman was beaten, gang-raped, and tortured in a private bus in which she was travelling with her friend. Apart from the woman and her friend, there were six other people on the bus, including the driver. The six people raped the woman and beat her friend. Eleven days after the assault, she was transferred to a hospital in Singapore for emergency treatment but died two days later. The incident garnered tremendous coverage and criticism both in India and foreign countries, the victim came to be known as ‘Nirbhaya’ (fearless). Out of the six perpetrators, one died during the trial period, and four others were executed by hanging on March 20, 2020. Among the six people was a juvenile, who was convicted of rape and murder and given the maximum sentence of three years of imprisonment in a reform facility.

The fourth annual BRICS summit was held at Taj Hotel in New Delhi on March 29, 2012. It was the first time that India had hosted a BRICS summit, and the other member states, Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa took part in it.

After leading a very successful and distinguished political career, Pranab Mukherjee became the President of India on July 25, 2012, becoming the first Bengali to serve in that post.

Ajmal Kasab was a Pakistan terrorist and a member of the Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorist organization, was one of those who executed the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai. He was the only attacker captured alive by police. He was sentenced to death and was hanged on November 21, 2012.

2013: Criminal Law (Amendment) Act was passed

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (also known as the Nirbhaya Act) is legislation that was passed by the Lok Sabha on March 19, 2013, and by the Rajya Sabha on March 21, 2013. It provides for amendment of the Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences. On April 2, it received Presidential assent and was deemed to be effective from April 3.

The National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013 is an Act that aims to provide subsidised food grains to approximately two-thirds of the country’s entire population. It converts into legal entitlements for existing food security programmes of the Government of India, including the Midday Meal Scheme, Integrated Child Development Services scheme and the Public Distribution System. Further, the NFSA 2013 recognises maternity entitlements.

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a space probe orbiting Mars since September 24, 2014. It was launched by ISRO on November 5, 2013, and it is India’s first interplanetary mission. It made ISRO the fourth space agency to achieve Mars orbit, made India the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.

On October 10, 2013, Sachin Tendulkar announced that he would retire from all cricket after the two-Test series against West Indies in November that year.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 is an Act that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their workplace. It aims to provide protection against sexual harassment of women in the workplace and for the prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Bill, after being passed by the two Houses of Parliament and getting the Presidential assent, came into force as an Act on December 9, 2013.

2014: Narendra Modi became the PM of India for the first time

In September 2013, Narendra Modi was named the BJP’s prime ministerial candidate ahead of the 2014 Lok Sabha election, despite opposition from several BJP leaders, including LK Advani. But Modi led BJP superbly during the election campaign, and the saffron party rode on his charisma to win 282 seats in the election, while its National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won a total of 336 seats. BJP became the first party to win a majority of seats on its own in the general elections since 1984. Modi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on May 26, 2014, and he is the first Indian PM to be born after India’s Independence in 1947.

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, commonly known as The Lokpal Act, is an anti-corruption Act in India that “seeks to provide for the establishment of the institution of Lokpal to inquire into allegations of corruption against certain important public functionaries, including the Prime Minister, cabinet ministers, members of parliament, Group A officials of the Central Government and for matters connecting them”. It came into force on January 16, 2014.

On June 2, 2014, Telangana was formed by carving out a portion of Andhra Pradesh and became the 29th state of India with Hyderabad.

2015: NITI Aayog was formed

The NITI Aayog, the apex public policy think tank of the Indian government, and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development, and fostering cooperative federalism through the involvement of state governments of the country in the economic policy-making process, was established on January 1, 2015.

Digital India is a campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on July 1, 2015, to ensure the government’s services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing internet connectivity or making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology.

Every year, on November 26, Constitution Day is celebrated in India to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India. On November 26, 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution, and it came into effect on January 26, 1950, making India a Republic. The year 2015 was the 125th birth anniversary year of BR Ambedkar, who is known as the father of the Indian Constitution. In October that year, PM Modi announced that November 26 will be celebrated as “Constitution Day”, and in November, the government officially announced the celebration of the day.

2016: Uri attack and India’s surgical strikes in Pakistan

On September 18, 2016, the Uri attack was carried out by four Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists against an Indian Army brigade headquarters near the town of Uri in Jammu and Kashmir. The attack led to the death of 19 Indian soldiers, and 19 to 30 others were injured.

On September 29, 2016, India announced that it had conducted surgical strikes against terror launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), and inflicted “significant casualties”.

2017: GST was launched by the Indian government

The Goods and Services Tax, popularly known as GST, was launched at midnight on July 1, 2017, by the President of India, and the Government of India. It was marked by a historic midnight (June 30- July 1) session of both the Houses of Parliament convened at the Central Hall, and it was attended by high-profile guests from the business and the entertainment industry.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, security and military alliance. On June 9, 2017, India became a full member of the SCO.

In 2017, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the practice of instant triple talaq is unconstitutional and a divorce pronounced by uttering talaq three times in one sitting is void and illegal. Following that, the government introduced The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2017.

2018: Supreme Court decriminalised Section 377

Section 377 is a section of the Indian Penal Code which was introduced in 1861 during the British rule of India. According to the section, sexual activities “against the order of nature” are illegal. On September 6, 2018, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the application of Section 377 to consensual homosexual sex between adults was “unconstitutional, irrational, indefensible and manifestly arbitrary”. But it remains in force relating to sex with minors, non-consensual sexual acts, and bestiality.

The Statue of Unity is 597 feet tall and is the highest statue in the world. It is located in Gujarat and depicts Indian statesman and independence activist Vallabhbhai Patel. It was designed by Indian sculptor Ram V Sutar and was inaugurated by PM Modi on October 31, 2018, on the 143rd birth anniversary of Patel.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician and founder of the BJP who served three terms as the Prime Minister of India. One of the greatest names in the history of Indian politics, Vajpayee passed away on August 16, 2018, at the age of 93.

On January 1, 2018, the Bhima Koregaon violence took place during an annual celebratory gathering at Bhima Koregaon in Maharashtra to mark the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Bhima Koregaon. The violence and stone pelting by the crowd at the gathering resulted in the death of a 28-year-old youth and injury to five others.

2019: Pulwama attack and Balakot airstrike

On February 14, 2019, a convoy of vehicles carrying Indian security personnel on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway was attacked by a vehicle-borne suicide bomber at Lethapora in the Pulwama district of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir. The attack, known as the Pulwama attack, killed 40 personnel of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) as well as the perpetrator, Adil Ahmad Dar, who was a local Kashmiri youth from Pulwama. The terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for the attack.

On February 26, 2019, the Indian warplanes conducted a bombing raid conducted in Balakot, Pakistan against a terrorist training camp. The airstrike, popularly known as the Balakot airstrike, was conducted by India in the early morning hours of February 26. Its warplanes dropped bombs in the vicinity of the town of Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan.

On August 5, 2019, Article 370 and Article 35A, which gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, were revoked from the Indian Constitution. Also, the Government of India bifurcated Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh into separate Union Territories.

In the 2019 Lok Sabha election, the BJP received 37.36 per cent of the total valid votes polled, the highest vote share by a political party since the 1989 general election, and won 303 seats. Overall, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won 353 seats and Narendra Modi started his second term as the Prime Minister of India.

2020: The nightmare of COVID-19 and lockdown

The year 2020 was sort of a nightmare for the majority of Indians, as the COVID-19 pandemic ravaged the country and people were confined to their homes because of the resultant lockdown. The tale of lockdown began on the evening of March 24, 2020, when the Government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, limiting the movement of the entire population to thwart the outbreak of the pandemic. It came after a 14-hour voluntary public curfew on March 22, followed by enforcement of a series of regulations in the COVID-19-affected regions in the country. When the lockdown was imposed, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in India was approximately 500.

2021: The controversy over three new farm laws

The three new farm laws, which were introduced by the Government of India in 2020, created a great stir in many parts of the country, especially in Punjab. Scores of farmers went to Delhi to protest against the laws and demanded that the government must withdraw the laws. As per reports, the new laws would have deregulated a system of government-run wholesale markets and hence, allowed farmers to sell directly to food processors. But farmers feared that it would lead to an end of the government-guaranteed price floors, thereby reducing the prices they would receive for their crops. On January 12, 2021, the Supreme Court stayed the implementation of the farm laws. On November 19, 2021, PM Narendra Modi announced that the government would repeal the laws in the upcoming Parliamentary session in December. On December 1, 2021, the laws were formally repealed.

2022: India gets its first tribal President

On July 21, 2022, Droupadi Murmu created history by becoming the first tribal person to be elected to the office of President of India. Murmu contested the presidential election as a candidate for the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance and defeated the Opposition’s candidate Yashwant Sinha. Also, Murmu is only the second female President of India after Pratibha Patil (2007-2012). Murmu has also served as the ninth Governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021.

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Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence
250 Words Essay on 75 Years of Indian Independence Introduction. India, a nation with a rich history, diverse culture, and a promising future, celebrated 75 years of independence in 2021. ... Despite these adversities, India managed to create a democratic system, which was a remarkable achievement considering the socio-economic conditions of ...
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India's achievements after 75 years of Independence. India's achievements after 75 Years of India's Independence: India's achivement after August 15th, 1947, has become a prime illustration of a remarkable growth tale.The journey demonstrates India's development in areas such as agricultural production, nuclear and space technology, world-class educational institutions, Ayurveda ...
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In the 75 years of independence, Indian Infrastructure has improved drastically. The overall length of the Indian road network has grown from 0.399 million km in 1951 to 4.70 million km as of 2015, which makes it the third largest roadway network in the world. Additionally, India's national highway system now spans 1, 37, 625 kilometres in 2021 ...
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Annual. First time. 15 August 1947 (75 years ago) Started by. Government of India. Related to. Independence Day. Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav or 75th Anniversary of Indian Independence was an event, in which the 75th anniversary of the independence of India was celebrated in India and abroad. [1] It was the 76th Independence Day of India.
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As India celebrates 75 years of its independence, we take a look back at all India has achieved since it has gained freedom. An India Today Interactive. Successfully copied. Credits. Credits: Story: Raka Mukherjee. Creative Directors: Rahul Gupta. Visual Research: Rahul Kumar, Raman Pruthi, Ankit Kumar.
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The first is Freedom Struggle, which honors the dead souls who gave their lives in the pursuit of independence. Next, Ideas@75 focuses on those historic events that shaped the nation. Actions@75 talks about implementing new policies and schemes. Achievements@75 is all about showcasing India's progress and evolution all these years.
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India
The official journey of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav commenced on 12th March 2021 which started a 75-week countdown to our 75th anniversary of independence and will end post a year on 15th August 2023. Following are the five themes of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav. Freedom struggle; Ideas@75; Resolve@75; Actions@75; Achievements@75
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It is intended to grow into a public account of our collective achievements as a 75-year-old independent country with a legacy of 5000+ years of ancient history. ... India's strive for independence was spread over a span of two centuries i.e., from the 18th Century till we gained independence in 1947. This struggle was fueled by the anger and ...
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On Aug 15, 2022, India will commemorate its 75th year of independence from British rule. In this week's issue, a Comment by Vikram Patel and commissioners of The Lancet's Citizens' Commission on Reimagining India's Health System reflects on the country's journey to achieving universal health coverage. The authors outline that although India has seen substantial improvements in many health ...
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READ LATER. Seventy-five years ago, on this day, India's first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru made these remarks in his stirring speech on India attaining freedom at midnight: "The ...
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75 Years of India's Independence: India's Achievement in Science and Technology February 20, 2022 National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), an autonomous body under the Ministry of culture in collaboration with Vigyan Prasar, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, is organizing a nation-wide commemorative exhibition '75 Years of Independence: India's Achievements in Science ...
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Space research is one such field in which India became sixth largest global power. Pokhran 1: India conducted its first nuclear test, codenamed "Smiling Buddha", in the year 1974. With this, India broke into the list of five nuclear-powered nations. India's struggle: Downfalls and challenges.
Guts and glory: Story of India's 75 years of independence
India is gearing up to celebrate its 75 years of Independence (76th Independence Day) from British rule on August 15, Monday. India achieved its Independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. The struggle for freedom was a long and tiresome one; witnessing the sacrifices of many freedom fighters, who laid down their lives for their country and fellow citizens.
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August 15th, 1947 is etched deep into history and people's collective memory as the day that India achieved independence. Over the last 75 years, India has channeled her civilizational strengths and cultural diversity into a brand new shared future, and opportunities for achievement, progress, and prosperity for its billion-plus citizens, making our country an inspiration for the rest of the ...
Independence Day 2022: Essay On 75th Independence Day Of India For
Quit India Movement Anniversary: Ahead Of 75th Independence Day, Know The Story Of Quit India Movement. Essay on Independence Day in 500 words. If you get an assignment to write an essay on Independence Day in 500 or 800 words then you can add the below points in the above essay points. Every year India celebrates Independence day on August 15.
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A journey which we can count by 75 years. As the 75th Independence Day is coming nearer, let us take a look at the iconic and important moments that shaped the narrative and course of Independent India. 1947: Independence and Partition. India gained its Independence from the long British rule on August 15, 1947.
Essay competition on 75th anniversary of India's Independence
NASHIK: On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of India's independence, the Bharatiya Janata Party, has organised an essay competition on the achievements and the dreams of the citizens. The ...

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India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence

India’s achievements after 75 years of Independence: Historic Events, Significant Achievements & Milestones

15 th August 1947: India’s Independence Day

26 th January 1950: India became a Republic Country

1951: India’s First Five-year Plan was launched

1952: India witnessed the first Lok Sabha Election

1953: Air India was nationalized

1954: India and China signed the Panchsheel

1955: State Bank of India (SBI) was founded

1957: The decimalization of the rupee

1960: Green Revolution Began

1961: Liberation of Goa

1962: India-China War

1963: India’s first-ever rocket launch

1965: Indo-Pakistani War

1966: Indira Gandi Became First Female PM of India

1969: Formation of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

1970: White Revolution Began

1971: India-Pakistan War

1975: The Emergency was imposed

1982: Colour television began its journey in India

1983: India won the cricket World Cup for the first time

1987: Goa became one of the States of India

1988: The SEBI was established

1989: Agni Missile was successfully launched

1995: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited was founded

1998: India conducted Pokhran-II tests

1999: Kargil War

2000: Jharkhand became India’s 26th state

2007: First Woman President of India

2008: Chandrayaan-1 launched

2010: Education became a fundamental right of children

2015: NITI Aayog was formed

2017: GST was launched by the Indian government

2020: COVID-19 Pandemic and India’s lockdown

2022: India gets its first tribal President

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