provides details about the sources used for your research project. Your Works Cited list goes at the end of your project or paper and includes information about each source that must be put in a specific order. MLA calls this information Core Elements. Here is the list of Core Elements in order, including the punctuation that must be included after each element (from page 20 of the ):
1. Author.
2. Title of source.
3. Title of the container,
4. Other contributors,
5. Version,
6. Number,
7. Publisher,
8. Publication date,
9. Location.
Some sources don't require all elements these elements. Click on the link below for more details.
(also called parenthetical documentation or citation) goes in your project or essay near where you use information from your source. In-text citations are required when you do the following: information from a source by putting exact wording in quotation marks information from a source by putting ideas into your own words information from a source Your in-text citation consists of the first Core Element in your Works Cited citation and a page number, if the source you used has page numbers. Often the first element you use is the author of the source. Click on the link below for more details. |
Citation formats are and that make writing styles uniform within a specific work or publication. They cover the following: of the paper (margins, spaces between lines, font size, etc.) documentation of sources (parenthetical citation) ( in MLA, in APA)There are many citation formats. Some of the more commonly used ones are , and .
|
and to your work sources easily For more information click on the link below. |
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Several sources have multiple means for citation, especially those that appear in varied formats: films, DVDs, television shows, music, published and unpublished interviews, interviews over e-mail, published and unpublished conference proceedings. The following section discusses these sorts of citations as well as others not covered in the print, periodical, and electronic sources sections.
Use the following format for all sources:
Author. Title. Title of container (self contained if book), Other contributors (translators or editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location (pages, paragraphs URL or DOI). 2 nd container’s title, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location, Date of Access (if applicable).
Interviews typically fall into two categories: print or broadcast published and unpublished (personal) interviews, although interviews may also appear in other, similar formats such as in e-mail format or as a Web document.
Personal Interviews
Personal interviews refer to those interviews that you conduct yourself. List the interview by the name of the interviewee. Include the descriptor Personal interview and the date of the interview.
Smith, Jane. Personal interview. 19 May 2014.
Published Interviews (Print or Broadcast)
List the interview by the full name of the interviewee. If the name of the interview is part of a larger work like a book, a television program, or a film series, place the title of the interview in quotation marks and place the title of the larger work in italics. If the interview appears as an independent title, italicize it. For books, include the author or editor name after the book title.
Note: If the interview from which you quote does not feature a title, add the descriptor, Interview by (unformatted) after the interviewee’s name and before the interviewer’s name.
Gaitskill, Mary. Interview with Charles Bock. Mississippi Review , vol. 27, no. 3, 1999, pp. 129-50.
Amis, Kingsley. “Mimic and Moralist.” Interviews with Britain’s Angry Young Men , By Dale Salwak, Borgo P, 1984.
Online-only Published Interviews
List the interview by the name of the interviewee. If the interview has a title, place it in quotation marks. Cite the remainder of the entry as you would other exclusive web content. Place the name of the website in italics, give the publisher name (or sponsor), the publication date, and the URL.
Note: If the interview from which you quote does not feature a title, add the descriptor Interview by (unformatted) after the interviewee’s name and before the interviewer’s name.
Zinkievich, Craig. Interview by Gareth Von Kallenbach. Skewed & Reviewed , 27 Apr. 2009, www.arcgames.com/en/games/star-trek-online/news/detail/1056940-skewed-%2526-reviewed-interviews-craig. Accessed 15 May 2009.
Start with speaker’s name. Then, give the title of the speech (if any) in quotation marks. Follow with the title of the particular conference or meeting and then the name of the organization. Name the venue and its city (if the name of the city is not listed in the venue’s name). Use the descriptor that appropriately expresses the type of presentation (e.g., Address, Lecture, Reading, Keynote Speech, Guest Lecture, Conference Presentation).
Stein, Bob. “Reading and Writing in the Digital Era.” Discovering Digital Dimensions, Computers and Writing Conference, 23 May 2003, Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. Keynote Address.
The MLA Handbook makes a distinction between the formal, rehearsed portion of a presentation and the informal discussion that often occurs after. To format an entry for a panel discussion or question-and-answer session, treat the panel members or speakers as authors by listing them first. If these people are formally listed as panelists, indicate this by following their names with a comma and the title "panelist(s)." Follow with the title of the discussion, or, if there is no title, a simple description. In the latter case, don't capitalize the description. Follow this with the title of the conference or event. End with the date and the location.
Bavis, Jim and Stein, Tammi, panelists. Panel discussion. Dawn or Doom Conference, 4 Nov. 2018, Stewart Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Treat recorded discussions as instances of the appropriate medium (e.g., if you want to cite a recording of a panel discussion hosted on YouTube, cite it the same way you would cite an ordinary online video ).
Cite published conference proceedings like a book. If the date and location of the conference are not part of the published title, add this information after the published proceedings title.
Last Name, First Name, editor. Conference Title , Conference Date and Location, Publisher, Date of Publication.
To cite a presentation from published conference proceedings, begin with the presenter’s name. Place the name of the presentation in quotation marks. Follow with publication information for the conference proceedings.
Last Name, First Name. “Conference Paper Title.” Conference Title that Includes Conference Date and Location , edited by Conference Editor(s), Publisher, Date of Publication.
Provide the artist's name, the title of the artwork in italics, and the date of composition. Finally, provide the name of the institution that houses the artwork followed by the location of the institution (if the location is not listed in the name of the institution, e.g. The Art Institute of Chicago).
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV . 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid.
If the medium and/or materials (e.g., oil on canvas) are important to the reference, you can include this information at the end of the entry. However, it is not required.
For photographic reproductions of artwork (e.g. images of artwork in a book), treat the book or website as a container. Remember that for a second container, the title is listed first, before the contributors. Cite the bibliographic information as above followed by the information for the source in which the photograph appears, including page or reference numbers (plate, figure, etc.).
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV . 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. Gardener's Art Through the Ages , 10 th ed., by Richard G. Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner, Harcourt Brace, p. 939.
If you viewed the artwork on the museum's website, treat the name of the website as the container and include the website's publisher and the URL at the end of the citation. Omit publisher information if it is the same as the name of the website. Note the period after the date below, rather than the comma: this is because the date refers to the painting's original creation, rather than to its publication on the website. Thus, MLA format considers it an "optional element."
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV . 1800 . Museo del Prado, museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-family-of-carlos-iv/f47898fc-aa1c-48f6-a779-71759e417e74.
Music can be cited multiple ways. Mainly, this depends on the container that you accessed the music from. Generally, citations begin with the artist name. They might also be listed by composers or performers. Otherwise, list composer and performer information after the album title. Put individual song titles in quotation marks. Album names are italicized. Provide the name of the recording manufacturer followed by the publication date.
If information such as record label or name of album is unavailable from your source, do not list that information.
Morris, Rae. “Skin.” Cold, Atlantic Records, 2014. Spotify , open.spotify.com/track/0OPES3Tw5r86O6fudK8gxi.
Online Album
Beyoncé. “Pray You Catch Me.” Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016, www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/.
Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind , Geffen, 1991.
List films by their title. Include the name of the director, the film studio or distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the director's name.
Speed Racer . Directed by Lana Wachowski and Lilly Wachowski, performances by Emile Hirsch, Nicholas Elia, Susan Sarandon, Ariel Winter, and John Goodman, Warner Brothers, 2008.
To emphasize specific performers or directors, begin the citation with the name of the desired performer or director, followed by the appropriate title for that person.
Lucas, George, director. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope . Twentieth Century Fox, 1977.
Recorded Television Episodes
Cite recorded television episodes like films (see above). Begin with the episode name in quotation marks. Follow with the series name in italics. When the title of the collection of recordings is different than the original series (e.g., the show Friends is in DVD release under the title Friends: The Complete Sixth Season), list the title that would help researchers to locate the recording. Give the distributor name followed by the date of distribution.
"The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Friends: The Complete Sixth Season , written by Andrew Reich and Ted Cohen, directed by Kevin Bright, Warner Brothers, 2004.
Broadcast TV or Radio Program
Begin with the title of the episode in quotation marks. Provide the name of the series or program in italics. Also include the network name, call letters of the station followed by the date of broadcast and city.
"The Blessing Way." The X-Files . Fox, WXIA, Atlanta, 19 Jul. 1998.
Netflix, Hulu, Google Play
Generally, when citing a specific episode, follow the format below.
“94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, season 2, episode 21, NBC, 29 Apr. 2010. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/70152031.
An Entire TV Series
When citing the entire series of a TV show, use the following format.
Daniels, Greg and Michael Schur, creators. Parks and Recreation . Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, 2015.
A Specific Performance or Aspect of a TV Show
If you want to emphasize a particular aspect of the show, include that particular information. For instance, if you are writing about a specific character during a certain episode, include the performer’s name as well as the creator’s.
“94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, performance by Amy Poehler, season 2, episode 21, Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, 2010.
If you wish to emphasize a particular character throughout the show’s run time, follow this format.
Poehler, Amy, performer. Parks and Recreation. Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, 2009-2015.
Begin with the title of the episode in quotation marks. Provide the name of the series in italics. Then follow with MLA format per usual.
“Best of Not My Job Musicians.” Wait Wait…Don’t Tell Me! from NPR, 4 June 2016, www.npr.org/podcasts/344098539/wait-wait-don-t-tell-me.
Treat spoken-word albums the same as musical albums.
Hedberg, Mitch. Strategic Grill Locations . Comedy Central, 2003.
Determine the type of work to cite (e.g., article, image, sound recording) and cite appropriately. End the entry with the name of the digital format (e.g., PDF, JPEG file, Microsoft Word file, MP3). If the work does not follow traditional parameters for citation, give the author’s name, the name of the work, the date of creation, and the location.
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata . Crownstar, 2006.
Smith, George. “Pax Americana: Strife in a Time of Peace.” 2005. Microsoft Word file.
Council of Writing Program Administrators, National Council of Teachers of English, and National Writing Project. Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing . CWPA, NCTE, and NWP, 2011, wpacouncil.org/files/framework-for-success-postsecondary-writing.pdf.
Bentley, Phyllis. “Yorkshire and the Novelist.” The Kenyon Review , vol. 30, no. 4, 1968, pp. 509-22. JSTOR , www.jstor.org.iii/stable/4334841.
Create a new citation.
Published January 29, 2021. Updated November 20, 2021.
To create a reference or citation for a speech, you will need to know the speaker, date, title of the speech, and URL (uniform resource locator).
The templates and examples below will show you how to cite a speech in MLA, APA, Chicago style, and Harvard referencing.
Easily cite a speech in the style of your choice using the Chegg Writing citation generator .
In-text citation example: f
Works cited entry example:
Long, Huey P. “Every Man a King.” Radio Speech to the Nation, 23 Apr. 1934.
For more examples and information, view our citing a speech in MLA guide.
Help protect your paper against accidental plagiarism with the Chegg Writing plagiarism checker and citation generator .
In-text citation example:
(Long, 1934/2017)
Reference list entry example:
Long, H. P. (2017). Every man a king [Speech transcript]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Huey%20P.%20Long%20-%20Every%20Man%20A%20King.pdf (Original work published 1934).
For more examples and information, view our citing a speech in APA guide.
Footnote example:
Huey P. Long, “Every Man a King” (speech, Radio Speech to the Nation, April 23, 1934), https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Huey%20P.%20Long%20-%20Every%20Man%20A%20King.pdf.
Bibliography entry example:
Long, Huey P. “Every Man a King.” Speech, Radio Speech to the Nation, April 23, 1934. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Huey%20P.%20Long%20-%20Every%20Man%20A%20King.pdf.
For more examples and information, view our citing a speech in Chicago Style guide.
(Long 1934)
Long, Huey P. 1934. “Every Man a King.” Speech, Radio Speech to the Nation. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Huey%20P.%20Long%20-%20Every%20Man%20A%20King.pdf.
(Long, 1934)
Long, H. P. (1934) Every man a king [Speech transcript]. 23 April. Available at: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Huey%20P.%20Long%20-%20Every%20Man%20A%20King.pdf (Accessed: 15 January 2021).
For more examples and information, view our citing a speech in Harvard Referencing Style guide.
Writing a paper ? Don’t forget to include a bibliography .
Digital media, personal communication, government documents, additional sources, frequently asked questions, how do i cite a recorded taping of a speech.
Below are the guidelines, templates, and examples for citing a recorded taping of a speech in MLA and APA styles.
To cite a recording of a speech in MLA, use the speaker’s last name for in-text citations. For the works-cited-list entry, include the first and last name of the speaker, the title of the speech, the production company, the date, and the URL (if applicable).
In-text citation
(Speaker’s Surname)
Works-cited list
Speaker’s Surname, F. M. “Title of the Speech.” Production Company/Publisher, Day Month Year, URL.
Clinton, William Jefferson. “Farewell Address to the Nation.” American Rhetoric , 18 Jan. 2001, www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonfarewell.htm.
To cite a recorded taping of a speech in APA, use the name of the speaker and the publication year for in-text citations. For the reference list entry, include the first and last name of the speaker, the publication date, the title of the speech, the format of the recording in brackets, the production company or publisher, and the URL (if available).
(Speaker’s Surname, Year)
(Clinton, 2001)
Reference list entry
Speaker’s Surname, F. M. (Year, Month Day). Title of the speech [Format Description]. Production Company/Publisher. URL
Clinton, W. J. (2001, January 18). Farewell address to the nation [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonfarewell.htm
Below are the guidelines, templates, and examples for citing “I Have a Dream” in MLA and APA styles.
To cite “I Have a Dream” in MLA, use the last name of the speaker in in-text citations. The works cited list entry includes the name of the speaker, title of the speech, title of the website where the speech was found, date of the speech and its publication online, and the URL.
In-text citation template & example:
Works cited list template & example:
Speaker’s Surname, First Name. “Title of the Speech.” Date given. Title of Website , Publisher of the Website (if different from website name), date transcript was published, URL.
King, Martin Luther, Jr. “I Have a Dream.” 28 Aug. 1963. American Rhetoric , 20 Aug. 2020, www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm.
In MLA style, the date the speech was originally given can be included after the title, followed by a period.
To cite “I Have a Dream” in APA, use the last name of the speaker and year of the speech in in-text citations. The reference list entry includes the name of the speaker, title of the speech, website where the speech was found, date of the speech, and URL.
(Speaker’s Last Name, year)
(King, 1963)
Reference list entry template & example:
Speaker’s Surname, F. M. (Date speech was given). Title of the speech [Description]. Website Name. URL
King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
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Chegg Writing » Citations » Citing a speech
Published on January 15, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 5, 2024.
To cite a TED Talk from the TED website in MLA , list the name of the speaker, the talk title , the site name TED , the month and year, and the URL.
In an in-text citation, you can use a timestamp to highlight a specific quote where necessary.
MLA format | Speaker last name, First name. “Talk Title.” , Month Year, URL. |
---|---|
Jacobs, A. J. “The Life Cycle of a Cup of Coffee.” , Jan. 2021, www.ted.com/talks/a_j_jacobs_the_life_cycle_of_a_cup_of_coffee. | |
(Jacobs 3:15) |
For help creating your citations, you can use Scribbr’s free MLA Citation Generator .
Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes
Citing a ted talk from youtube, citing a transcript of a ted talk, frequently asked questions about mla citations.
If you’re citing the TED Talk not from their site but from YouTube , the format differs slightly. You should still list the speaker in the author position, but also list the uploader (usually “TED” or “TEDx Talks”) and give the full upload date, since it’s available on YouTube.
MLA format | Speaker last name, First name. “Video Title.” , uploaded by TED or TEDx Talks, Day Month Year, URL. |
---|---|
Bailey, Chris. “How to Get Your Brain to Focus | Chris Bailey | TEDxManchester.” , uploaded by TEDx Talks, 5 Apr. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Yvq-g7_Y. | |
(Bailey 12:15) |
If you’re quoting from the transcript of the video, link to this instead of the video, and add “Transcript” to the end of your Works Cited entry.
MLA format | Speaker last name, First name. “Talk Title.” , Month Year, URL. |
---|---|
Jacobs, A. J. “The Life Cycle of a Cup of Coffee.” , Jan. 2021, www.ted.com/talks/a_j_jacobs_the_life_cycle_of_a_cup_of_coffee/transcript. Transcript. | |
(Jacobs 3:54) |
If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title . Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation .
If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).
If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:
Yes. MLA style uses title case, which means that all principal words (nouns, pronouns , verbs, adjectives , adverbs , and some conjunctions ) are capitalized.
This applies to titles of sources as well as the title of, and subheadings in, your paper. Use MLA capitalization style even when the original source title uses different capitalization .
The fastest and most accurate way to create MLA citations is by using Scribbr’s MLA Citation Generator .
Search by book title, page URL, or journal DOI to automatically generate flawless citations, or cite manually using the simple citation forms.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2024, March 05). How to Cite a TED Talk in MLA | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 3, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/ted-talk-citation/
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Most sources you come across for will follow the basic structure for an MLA citation. Even sources you might think are unusual, like a pamphlet, a magazine advertisement, or a message posted to a discussion forum, all can be cited using the same format outlined in our resource on MLA citation basics . There are however, a few sources and situations that might require a slight change to the format. The following examples should help with some of the more common, but still tricky, citations you may be faced with.
Note : All MLA documents, Works Cited pages included, should be double-spaced. The following examples are single-spaced for the purposes of this resource only.
When a source has a group or corporation as an author, cite that group name the same as you would an individual author. For Works Cited entries, when the author and publisher are the same, skip the author, and list the title first. Then list the corporate author only as the publisher.
Food literacy can help mitigate childhood obesity because “being food literate empowers us to make informed choices” (Food Literacy Center).
“What is Food Literacy?” Food Literacy Center , 2015, http://www.foodliteracycenter.org/what-food-literacy. Accessed 28 Nov. 2016.
To distinguish a source from others by the same author, include a shortened title for the work you are quoting. In the Works Cited, only give the author’s name in the first entry. For all following entries, replace the author’s name with three hyphens. These entries should be alphabetized by title.
We will be better equipped to design valuable education plans at each level if we understand that becoming an effective writer is a long-term, multidimensional process of development (Bazerman, “Understanding”).
Bazerman, Charles. “Understanding the Lifelong Journey of Writing Development.” Infancia y Aprendizaje , vol. 36, no. 4, Nov. 2013, pp. 421-441.
---. “Writing with Concepts: Communal, Internalized, and Externalized.” Mind, Culture, and Activity , vol. 19, no. 3, 2012, pp. 259-272, ERIC , doi: 10.1080/10749039.2012.688231.
To cite a speech, lecture, or other oral presentation, cite the speaker’s name and the title of the speech (if any) in quotation marks. Follow with the title of the particular conference or meeting, the name of the organization, and the venue and its city (if the name of the city is not listed in the venue’s name). Use the descriptor that appropriately expresses the type of presentation (e.g., Lecture, Reading, Conference Presentation, etc.).
Losh, Elizabeth. “Leave No Trace: Digital Erasure and the Composition Classroom.” Western States Rhetoric and Literacy Conference, 21 Oct. 2016, University of California, San Diego. Keynote Address.
Cite the author of the publication if the author is identified. Otherwise, start with the name of the national government, followed by the agency (including any subdivisions or agencies) that serves as the organizational author. For congressional documents, include the number of the Congress and the session when the hearing was held or resolution passed as well as the report number.
United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearing on the Geopolitics of Oil. Government Printing Office, 2007. 110th Congress, 1st session, Senate Report 111-8.
To cite an interview you conducted, list the person you interviewed (last name first), identify it as a “Personal Interview” (if conducted in-person), an “Email Interview,” or a “Telephone Interview,” and provide the date of the interview.
Sloane, Sarah. Personal Interview. 12 May 2015.
To cite a published dissertation or master's thesis, cite the work as you would a book (with an italicized title), but include the designation Dissertation (or MA/MS thesis) followed by the degree-granting school and the year the degree was awarded. You may also include the University Microfilms International (UMI) order number.
Bishop, Karen Lynn. Documenting Institutional Identity: Strategic Writing in the IUPUI Comprehensive Campaign . Dissertation, Purdue University, 2002. UMI, 2004.
To cite an unpublished dissertation or master's thesis, put the title in quotation marks and end with the date the degree was awarded.
Graban, Tarez Samra. "Towards a Feminine Ironic: Understanding Irony in the Oppositional Discourse of Women from the Early Modern and Modern Periods." Dissertation, Purdue University, 2006.
To cite an original work of art (the primary source, not a reproduction in a book), provide the artist's name, the title of the artwork in italics, the date of composition, and the medium of the piece. Finally, name the institution that houses the artwork followed by the location of the institution (unless the location is included in the title of the institution, e.g., Los Angeles County Museum of Art).
Chagall, Marc. Rain . 1911, oil and charcoal on canvas, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice.
To cite a source quoted within another source, identify the original source in your sentence to introduce the quotation and use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For the Works Cited page, cite the source you consulted not the original source (in this case, cite Koosed and Schumm).
According to Hardin and Hardin, “respect for authority, individualism, sacrifice 'for the team,' and hard work" are key values that come out of American sports and sports media (qtd. in Koosed and Schumm).
To cite multiple sources in the same in-text citation, separate the sources by a semi-colon.
Playing a “pro-social” video game can increase the perceptions of a player’s humanity and increase positive humanity traits (Greitmeyer; Happ, Melzer, and Steffgen).
If two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or their full names if different authors share initials) in your in-text citation. In the Works Cited page, alphabetize these sources by first name (e.g., Brown, Penelope would come before Brown, Thomas).
Mitigating devices can also show up as hedges (e.g., perhaps ) or other means of impersonalizing (P. Brown).
Use of parentheses or signal phrase, in-text examples with different authors.
The in-text citation is a way to quickly acknowledge where you got the idea or quote you used in your writing. It also points your reader to the complete citation for that source in your Works Cited list, because the in-text citation starts with the first word(s) of your Works Cited citation.
Use an in-text citation when you summarize, paraphrase, or directly quote a source. If it isn't your original idea, cite it.
At the end of a quotation: closing quotation mark, opening and closing parentheses, then period.
"...in treatment" (Wall 809).
At the end of a sentence: closing parenthesis, then period.
Others found many changes (Andrews and Curtis 65).
At the end of a block quote: place ending punctuation first, then the parentheses.
...In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves and fishes, that things in general were settled for ever. (Dickens 1)
Only use page numbers if they are given in the source. You do not need to count paragraphs or pages, just leave the page number out. See below for more details on numbered paragraphs and sections.
In-text example in parentheses. in this example there are two authors, and the reference is a paraphrase of an idea in the source:.
...they are careful to use words that make it clear they aren't trying to control someone's behavior (Deci and Flaste 106-8).
Deci and Flaste demonstrate that they are careful to use words that make it clear they aren't trying to control someone's behavior (106-8).
Brown based his book Play on research done by experts in many different fields of biology (6).
The study of play in humans has lately been informed by research in many different fields of biology (Brown 36).
Bede and Xing found that the most commonly prescribed treatment was often ineffective (10).
Some experts disagree, claiming that global warming is nothing new (King and Nguyen 22-23).
...these symptoms don't appear until age 14 on average (South et al. 7).
...United States Environmental Protection Agency found that river water quality is profoundly improved with the addition of wetlands in surrounding areas (42).
Another study found that water quality was improved by nearly 38% (United States, Environmental Protection Agency 51).
("Study" 301).
( Depression 141-48).
...arrived, about 100 million years after the first reptiles" (Brown, "Through the Lens" 8).
In "Through the Lens of Play" Brown cites evidence that play has been around since "the earliest warm-blooded creatures" roamed the earth (8).
(Baron 194; Jacobs 55)
...United Stated Environmental Protection Agency found that water quality is profoundly improved with the addition of wetlands in the landscape (par. 8).
...findings were inconclusive (Thomas, sec. 3).
Mary Jones admitted that she had lied "to protect the honor of her father" (qtd. in Hammond 201).
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
The anatomy of an MLA-style speech or lecture citation. In MLA format, just like in other academic styles like APA and the Chicago Manual of Style, there are two ways to cite a source: in text and in the works cited (or bibliography) page. In-text citation. In MLA format, an in-text citation for a speech or lecture is fairly simple.
To cite a speech republished in a digital book, follow the MLA format template. List the name of the speaker and the title of the speech. Then list the title of the book and—if given—its editor, followed by the publication details for the book. If the work exists in print as well, list the format in the "Version" slot so that your ...
In-text citations: Author-page style. MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number (s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the ...
A conference proceeding is the published record of a conference, congress, symposium, or other meeting sponsored by a society or association. The document will look similar to an article or book chapter (and it may in fact be a chapter in a book). To cite a conference proceeding, provide the same information as when citing a book or article ...
The templates and examples below are based on the MLA Handbook, 9th Edition, and the Official MLA Style website. On this page, you can learn how to cite the following: Speech transcript. Speech, audio recording. Speech, video recording. If you're trying to cite a speech, the Chegg Writing MLA citation generator could also help.
To cite an online lecture or speech, follow the MLA format template. List the name of the presenter, followed by the title of the lecture. Then list the name of the website as the title of the container, the date on which the lecture was posted, and the URL: Allende, Isabel. "Tales of Passion.".
Revised on March 5, 2024. In MLA style, the following format is used to cite a lecture or speech. MLA format. Speaker last name, First name. " Lecture Title.". Course or Event Name, Day Month Year, Venue, City. MLA Works Cited entry. Dent, Gina. "Anchored to the Real: Black Literature in the Wake of Anthropology.".
Revised on March 5, 2024. An MLA in-text citation provides the author's last name and a page number in parentheses. If a source has two authors, name both. If a source has more than two authors, name only the first author, followed by " et al. ". If the part you're citing spans multiple pages, include the full page range.
Speech Found on a Website. Format: Transcript (a printed copy of the speech) The original date of the speech is not required, but it may be included if the date is certain and considered helpful for your reader. The type of source (in this case, "Transcript") is also optional, and may be included if the format is unexpected.
In-Text Citation Basics. An in-text citation usually contains the author's name (or other first element in the entry in the works cited list) and a page number. A parenthetical citation that directly follows a quotation is placed after the closing quotation mark. No punctuation is used between the author's name (or the title) and a page number.
Citing a lecture speech in MLA is similar to citing any lecture. List the speaker's name, the title of the lecture (if applicable), followed by the name of the event and location, the date, and conclude with the descriptor "Lecture.". Example: Jones, Emily. "Modern Art Trends.".
An in-text citation is a reference to a source that is found within the text of a paper (Handbook 227). This tells a reader that an idea, quote, or paraphrase originated from a source. MLA in-text citations usually include the last name of the author and the location of cited information. This guide focuses on how to create MLA in-text ...
In-text citations in MLA style follow the general format of author's last name followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. Here is an example: "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, use the first word (or words) of the title. Follow the same formatting that is used in the works-cited list, such as quotation ...
MLA Citation Lecture, Speech, Address or Reading MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th edition Speech Angelou, Maya. "On the Pulse of Morning" Inauguration of President Clinton, 19 Jan. 1993, Washington D.C. Speech. In-text citation: Maya Angelou said that "text of quotation." OR "Text of quotation" (Angelou). Lecture
In order to properly cite a presidential speech, you need to know the following pieces of information: Speaker's first and last name. Speech's title. Date the speech was delivered. Editor's name (if applicable) If you found the speech in a book, you should also take note of the following: Book's title. First and last name of the book ...
In-line citations occur within the text itself. You might use in-line citations to introduce a statistic, quote, or finding along with the author's name, and then you would cite it by including the year in parentheses. A parenthetical citation is similar to an in-line citation—it appears in the body text, and the author's name and year of ...
MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith). For more information on in-text citation, see the MLA Style Center.
In an MLA Works Cited entry for an in-person lecture, list the title in quotation marks, with headline capitalization, and include the word "Lecture" (or a more specific descriptive term) at the end of the entry. The MLA in-text citation just lists the speaker's last name. MLA format. Speaker last name, First name.
Citation formats are rules and guidelines that make writing styles uniform within a specific work or publication. They cover the following: Layout of the paper (margins, spaces between lines, font size, etc.) In-Text documentation of sources (parenthetical citation) Source documentation at end of paper (Works Cited in MLA, References in APA ...
MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources - Purdue OWL
MLA. To cite a recording of a speech in MLA, use the speaker's last name for in-text citations. For the works-cited-list entry, include the first and last name of the speaker, the title of the speech, the production company, the date, and the URL (if applicable). In-text citation. Template (Speaker's Surname) Example (Clinton) Works-cited ...
Revised on March 5, 2024. To cite a TED Talk from the TED website in MLA, list the name of the speaker, the talk title, the site name TED, the month and year, and the URL. In an in-text citation, you can use a timestamp to highlight a specific quote where necessary. MLA format. Speaker last name, First name. " Talk Title.".
1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557. William N. Pennington Student Achievement Center, Mailstop: 0213. [email protected]. (775) 784-6030. Some sources and situations might require a slight change to standard MLA format. View examples to help with some of the more common, but still tricky, citations you may be faced with.
What is included in the in-text citation? The most important, and sometimes only element of your in-text citation is the first word(s) of the Works Cited entry for that source. This is often the author's last name. If no author is given, the title (or just the first few words for a longer title) is given instead. The in-text citation might be ...