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The fall of the Indigo Jackal: The discourse of division and Pūrnabhadra's Pañcatantra

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Every child growing up in India knows the story of the jackal who fell into the vat of blue dye, and discovering the power of his majestic new appearance, declared himself king of the forest. In spite of his pretenses, the jackal, eventually betrayed by his own instincts, was set upon by the other animals. This and many similar narratives are found in the PanÅcatantra, the collection of Sanskrit tales for children compiled by a Jaina monk named Puμrn|abhadra in 1199 CE. In this book, McComas Taylor looks at the discourses that give shape and structure to the fall of the indigo jackal and the other tales within the PanÅcatantra. The work's fictional metasociety of animals, kings, and laundrymen are divided according to their jaμti, or "kind." This discourse of caste holds that individuals' essential natures, statuses, and social circles are all determined by their birth. Taylor applies contemporary critical theory developed by Foucault, Bourdieu, Barthes, and others to show how these ideas are related to other Sanskritic master-texts, and describes the "regime of truth" that provides validation for the discourse of division.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	The Fall of the Indigo Jackal
Subtitle of host publication	The Discourse of Division and Purnabhadra's Pancatantra
Publisher
Pages	1-236
Number of pages	236
ISBN (Print)	9780791471777
Publication status	Published - 2007

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Contemporary Critical Theory Arts and Humanities 100%

T1 - The fall of the Indigo Jackal

T2 - The discourse of division and Pūrnabhadra's Pañcatantra

AU - Taylor, McComas

N2 - Every child growing up in India knows the story of the jackal who fell into the vat of blue dye, and discovering the power of his majestic new appearance, declared himself king of the forest. In spite of his pretenses, the jackal, eventually betrayed by his own instincts, was set upon by the other animals. This and many similar narratives are found in the PanÅcatantra, the collection of Sanskrit tales for children compiled by a Jaina monk named Puμrn|abhadra in 1199 CE. In this book, McComas Taylor looks at the discourses that give shape and structure to the fall of the indigo jackal and the other tales within the PanÅcatantra. The work's fictional metasociety of animals, kings, and laundrymen are divided according to their jaμti, or "kind." This discourse of caste holds that individuals' essential natures, statuses, and social circles are all determined by their birth. Taylor applies contemporary critical theory developed by Foucault, Bourdieu, Barthes, and others to show how these ideas are related to other Sanskritic master-texts, and describes the "regime of truth" that provides validation for the discourse of division.

AB - Every child growing up in India knows the story of the jackal who fell into the vat of blue dye, and discovering the power of his majestic new appearance, declared himself king of the forest. In spite of his pretenses, the jackal, eventually betrayed by his own instincts, was set upon by the other animals. This and many similar narratives are found in the PanÅcatantra, the collection of Sanskrit tales for children compiled by a Jaina monk named Puμrn|abhadra in 1199 CE. In this book, McComas Taylor looks at the discourses that give shape and structure to the fall of the indigo jackal and the other tales within the PanÅcatantra. The work's fictional metasociety of animals, kings, and laundrymen are divided according to their jaμti, or "kind." This discourse of caste holds that individuals' essential natures, statuses, and social circles are all determined by their birth. Taylor applies contemporary critical theory developed by Foucault, Bourdieu, Barthes, and others to show how these ideas are related to other Sanskritic master-texts, and describes the "regime of truth" that provides validation for the discourse of division.

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M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:84899232303

SN - 9780791471777

BT - The Fall of the Indigo Jackal

PB - State University of New York Press

Vishnu Sharma’s Panchatantra (Sanskrit)

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Ruth Vanita

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A s with most other ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts, the dates of the Panchatantra are impossible to fix with certainty. Like the other Katha cycles, it is a compendium of stories, arranged like Chinese boxes, story within story. Of all ancient Indian texts, it has probably had the greatest influence on world literature. Between the sixth and the eighth centuries it traveled via Pehlevi, Syriac and Arabic, to Europe, and between the eleventh and the eighteenth centuries, versions appeared in Greek, Latin, German, Spanish, French, English, Armenian, Hebrew and Slavonic languages. Although the earliest Sanskrit versions are lost, a large number of medieval Sanskrit versions exist as well as many versions in other Indian languages. While some of the stories are of ancient provenance, dating back to the epic period, others were added much later.

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Camille Bulcke’s Ramakatha-Utpatti aur Vikas: An Important Reference Work for Scholars in the Field of Ramayana Studies

The Nirvāṇa of the Buddha and the Afterlife of Aśvaghoṣa’s Life of the Buddha

Aśvaghoṣa and his canonical sources (iii): the night of awakening (buddhacarita 14.1–87).

Visnu Sarma, The Pancatantra , trans. Chandra Rajan (New Delhi: Penguin, 1993)

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Sudhakar Malviya, ed., Panchatantram (Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy, 1993).

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Vanita, R. (2000). Vishnu Sharma’s Panchatantra (Sanskrit) . In: Vanita, R., Kidwai, S. (eds) Same-Sex Love in India. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05480-7_3

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Sanskrit story

panchatantra story in sanskrit | पंचतंत्र की कहानी संस्कृत में

बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता

कस्मिंश्चित् वने खरनखरः नाम सिंहः प्रतिवसति स्म। स: कदाचित् बुभुक्षया इतस्तत: भ्रमन् आसित्।

परन्तु कमपि मृगं न प्राप्तवान्। ततः सूर्यास्तमनसमये पर्वते महतीं गुहां दृष्टवान्।

तत्र गत्वा चिन्तितवान्। “अत्र कोऽपि मृगः रात्रौ निश्चयेन आगमिष्यति।

अतः अहम् अत्रैव गुप्तः तिष्ठामि। ततः तस्याः गुहायाः निवासी दधिपुच्छः नाम शृगालः आगतवान्।

सः गुहां प्रविष्टस्य सिंहस्य पदपद्धतिं दृष्टवान्, न तु बहिः आगतस्य। ततः चिन्तितवान्।

“अहो ! किमिदम्? गुहायाः अन्तः सिंहः स्यात्।

किं करोमि? कथं जानामि?

एवं विचिन्त्य गुहायाः द्वारे स्थित्वा उच्चैः आहूतवान्। “अहो बिल ! अहो बिल !

कञ्चित् कालं तूष्णीं भूत्वा पुनः तथैव उक्तवान्। “भोः ! किमर्थं न वदसि ?

प्रतिदिनं यदा अहम् आगच्छामि तदा मया तव आह्वानं क्रियते।

त्वया च मम उत्तरं दीयते। यदि मम उत्तरं न प्रयच्छसि, तर्हि अहम् अन्यबिलं गमिष्यामि।

शृगालस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा सिंहः चिन्तितवान्। ” नूनं यदा सः आगच्छति तदा एषा गुहा प्रतिदिनम् उत्तरं ददाति।

अद्य तु मद्भयात् न वदति। अथवा साध्विदम् उच्यते-

भयसन्त्रस्तमनसां हस्तपादादिकाः क्रियाः। प्रवर्तन्ते न वाणी च वेपथुश्चाधिको भवते्।।

अतः अहमेव तम् आह्वयामि।

तत् श्रुत्वा प्रविष्टं शृगालम् अहं भक्षयामि। तथैव सिंहेन आह्वानं कृतम्।

सिंहनादस्य प्रतिध्वनिना गुहा पूर्णा।

वने दूरे स्थिताः अन्ये मृगाः अपि भीताः अभवन्। शृगालः झटिति पलायनं कृतवान्।

अत एव उच्यते:-

अनागतं यः कुरुते स शोभते स शोच्यते यो न करोत्यनागतम् । वनेऽत्र संस्थस्य समागता जरा बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता ॥

Panchatantra storie in sanskrit | चत्वारि मित्राणि

पंचतंत्र की कहानी संस्कृत में हिंदी अनुवाद के साथ

बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता – हिंदी अनुवाद.

एक जंगल में खरनखर नाम का एक शेर रहता था। एक बार, वह भूख के कारण यहाँ-वहाँ घूम रहा था।

लेकिन उसे कोई जानवर नहीं मिला। सूर्यास्त तक, उसने एक पहाड़ में एक बड़ी गुफा देखी।

उसने वहाँ जाकर सोचा। कुछ जानवर रात तक यहां जरूर आएंगे।

इसलिए, मैं यहां छिपा रहूंगा। तब दधीच नाम का एक सियार, जो उस गुफा में रहता था, आया।

उसने शेर के पैरों के निशानों को देखा, गुफा के अंदर जा रहे थे लेकिन बाहर नहीं आ रहे थे। फिर उसने सोचा।

ओह! यह क्या है? गुफा के अंदर एक शेर हो सकता है। मुझे क्या करना चाहिए? मुझे कैसे पता चलेगा?

इस प्रकार सोचते हुए, गुफा के दरवाजे पर खड़े होकर उसने जोर से पुकारा। हे गुफा ! हे गुफा !

कुछ समय के लिए, वह चुप रहा, और फिर, उसने वही बात कही। हे गुफा! आप बोलते क्यों नहीं?

हर दिन, जब मैं आता हूं, तो में आपको पुकारा करता हूं। और आप मुझे जवाब देते है।

यदि आप मुझे कोई उत्तर नहीं देते हैं, तो मैं दूसरी गुफा में चला जाऊंगा। सियार की बातें सुनकर शेर ने सोचा।

हो सकता है, जब वह आता है, तब, यह गुफा हर दिन जवाब देती है। लेकिन आज, यह मुझसे डर के कारण नहीं बोल रही है।

अथवा ठीक ही यह कहते हैं-

‘भय से डरे हुए मन वाले लोगों के हाथ और पैर से होने वाली क्रियाएँ ठीक तरह से नहीं होती हैं और वाणी भी ठीक काम नहीं करती; कम्पन (घबराहट) भी अध्कि होता है।’

इसलिए, मैं उसे खुद आमंत्रित करूंगा। जब वह यह सुनकर अंदर प्रवेश करेगा तो मैं सियार को खा जाऊंगा।

इस प्रकार, शेर ने दहाड़ लगाई। शेर की दहाड़ की आवाज से गुफा भर गई।

यहां तक कि जंगल में दूर रहने वाले अन्य जानवर भी डर गए। सियार भी भाग गया।

जो आने वाले कल का (आगे आने वाली संभावित आपदा का) उपाय करता है, वह संसार में शोभा पाता है और जो आने वाले कल का उपाय नहीं करता है (आनेवाली संभावित विपत्ति के निराकरण का उपाय नहीं करता) वह दुखी होता है। यहाँ वन में रहते मेरा बुढ़ापा आ गया (परन्तु) मेरे द्वारा (मैंने) कभी भी बिल की वाणी नहीं सुनी गई।

Panchatantra story in Sanskrit with English translation

बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता – english translation.

In a forest there lived a lion named kharanakhara. Once, he was roaming here and there with hunger.

But he did not find any animal. By sunset, he saw a big cave in a mountain.

He went there and thought. Some animal will definitely come here by night.

Hence, I will stay here hidden. Then a jackal named Dadhipuccha, who lived in that cave, came.

He saw the footsteps of the lion, going into the cave, but not coming out. Then he thought.

Oh ! What is this? There might be a lion inside the cave.mWhat shall I do? How will I know?

Thinking thus, standing at the cave door, he called out aloud. O Cave ! O Cave !

For some time, he kept silent, and again, he said the same thing. O ! why do you not speak?

Every day, when I come, I call you. And you reply me.

If you do not give me a reply, I will go to another cave. On hearing the jackal’s words, the lion thought.

May be, when he comes, then, this cave replies every day. But today, it does not speak because of fear from me.

Or rightly it says-

The actions of the hands and feet of people with fear of fear are not done properly and speech also does not work properly; Vibration (nervousness) is also more.

Hence, I shall invite him myself. I shall eat the jackal when he enters hearing it.

Thus, the lion called out. The cave was filled with the sound of the lion’s roar.

Even other animals that were far away in the forest became scared. The jackal ran away at once.

One who foresees ( acts according to ) the future will succeed. One who doesn’t will regret. I have grown old living in the forest, and have never yet heard the voice of a cave.

यह भी पढ़ें

बंदर और राजा की कहानी | The King’s Monkey Servant
The monkey and the wedge | बन्दर और लकड़ी का खूंटा
pyasa kauwa story in sanskrit | प्यासे कौवे की कहानी

Turtle And Swan Story In Sanskrit | मूर्ख कछुए की...

Easy and short story in Sanskrit | संस्कृत में आसान और...

Sanskrit Short Story | संस्कृत लघुकथा बकस्य प्रतीकार:

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The Lion and the Jackal

"spurn the company of the wicked; else you will come to grief"..

Summary, Origin & Influence

Illustrated Collection for Kids

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Panchatantra in Sanskrit Language

Ancient India, and Vedic Period

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talesofpanchatantra.com

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upavidhi.com



	The Monkey and the Wedge

The Jackal and the Drum

The Fall and Rise of a Merchant

The Foolish Sage

Fighting Goats and the Jackal

The Cobra and the Crows

The Crane and the Crab

The Cunning Hare and the Lion

The Bug and the Poor Flea

The Story of the Blue Jackal

The Lion, Camel, Jackal and Crow

The Bird Pair and the Sea

The Turtle that fell off the Stick

Tale of the Three Fishes

The Elephant and the Sparrow

The Lion and the Jackal

The Bird and the Monkey

How a Sparrow came to Grief

Right-Mind and Wrong-Mind

The Crane and the Mongoose

The Rat that ate Iron

The King and the Foolish Monkey

The Thief and the Brahmins

The Hermit and the Mouse

Elephants and King of Mice

Shandili and Sesame Seeds

Story of the Merchant's Son

The Unlucky Weaver

Of Crows and Owls

Elephants and Hares

The Cunning Mediator

The Brahmin and the Crooks

The Dove and the Hunter

The Brahmin and the Cobra

The Old Man, Young Wife and Thief

The Brahmin, Thief, and Demon

The Tale of Two Snakes

The Wedding of the Mouse

Tale of the Golden Droppings

The Cave that Talked

Frogs that rode a Snake

The War of Crows and Owls

The Monkey and the Crocodile

The Greedy Cobra and Frog King

The Lion and the Foolish Donkey

The Story of the Potter

Lioness and the Young Jackal

The Donkey and the Washerman

The Price of Indiscretion

The Jackal's Strategy

The Dog who went Abroad

The Brahmani and the Mongoose

The Four Treasure-Seekers

The Lion that Sprang to Life

The Four Learned Fools

The Tale of Two Fishes and a Frog

The Musical Donkey

The Brahmin's Dream

The Bird with Two Heads

The Unforgiving Monkey



	The Separation of Friends (The Lion and the Bull)

or
The Gaining of Friends
(Dove, Crow, Mouse, Tortoise and Deer)

Of Crows and Owls
(War and Peace)

Loss of Gains
(The Monkey and the Crocodile)

Ill-Considered Actions
(The Brahmani and the Mongoose)

Tales of Panchatantra

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Old Indic (Vedic Sanskrit): A Dogged Etymology śṛgālá- jackal

With all due caution, we suggest that there may be a native etymology of this word (perhaps a loan word folk-etymologized) that alludes to a key characteristic (the so-called jackal's horn).

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David M. Goldstein, Stephanie W. Jamison, and Brent Vine (eds.). 2018. Proceedings of the 28th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Bremen: Hempen.

Riccardo Ginevra

On Loki, see also: https://academia.edu/113916063/ . A series of parallels in the narrative structure, the ritual associations and the phraseology of the Norse myth of Brokk and the Sanskrit myth of Bhr̥gu allow for the assumption of a direct connection between these characters and call for a common etymology for both their names as reflexes of the same Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g- ‘crackle, roar’. Old Norse (ON) Brokkr is the name of a mythical dwarf-smith who wins the head of the Norse fire-god Loki in a wager in the Skáldskaparmál (35), while Sanskrit (Skt.) Bhr̥gu- is the name of a seer who curses the Indian fire-god Agni to be sarvabhakṣa- ‘all-eating, all-devouring’ in the Mahābhārata (1.5–7; 9.46.12–20). Skt. Bhr̥gu- can hardly be kept apart from Vedic (Ved.) Bhŕ̥gu-, the name of a class of mythical beings who are constantly associated with fire in the Rigveda (RV). ON Brokkr and Ved. Bhŕ̥gu-, Skt. Bhr̥gu- may be traced back to *bʰr̥g-nó- (originally *bʰr̥h₂g-nó-) ‘crackling, roaring’ and *bʰŕ̥g-oṷ-/bʰr̥g-ṷ-´ ‘id.’ (originally *bʰŕ̥h₂g-oṷ-/bʰr̥h₂g-ṷ-´), respectively. These are derivatives of one and the same root, namely *bʰr̥(h₂)g- ‘crackle, roar’, which I interpret as the variant without s-mobile of the PIE root *spʰr̥h₂g- ‘crackle, roar’. The reconstruction of two derivatives, in -nó- (ON Brokkr) and in -u- (Ved. Bhŕ̥gu-), both meaning ‘crackling, roaring’, fits into the pattern of the Caland system which may be assumed for PIE *(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g- ‘crackle, roar’. Reflexes of *bʰr̥(h₂)g- and of *spʰr̥h₂g- allow to state further semantic and formal matches: - Gk. βαρυσφάραγος ‘with heavy roar’ and Ved. giribhráj- ‘heavy-roaring’ (collocation [HEAVY (*gʷerh₂-) – ROAR (*(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g-)]); - Gk. ἀνεμοσφάραγος ‘with roar of wind(s)’ and Ved. vā́tabhrajas- ‘with roaring of wind(s)’ (collocation [WIND – ROAR (*(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g-)]); - Hom. σφαραγέομαι ‘crackle, sizzle’, Ved. sphūrjáyant- ‘crackling, sizzling’ and bhūrjáyant- ‘id.’ (PIE *(s)bʰr̥h₂g-éi̯e- ‘crackle, sizzle’). This analysis finds support in the semantic associations of these characters and of the PIE root. ON Brokkr, Ved. Bhŕ̥gu- and the reflexes of PIE *(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g- ‘crackle, roar’ (such as Gk. σφαραγέομαι and Ved. sphūrjáyant-) seem to share an association with [FIRE], as shown by mythology, phraseology and ritual. Also, ON Brokkr and derivatives of PIE *(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g- (such as Gk. βαρυσφάραγος and Ved. vā́tabhrajas-) seem to share an association with [THUNDER], which, however, seems to be lacking for Ved. Bhŕ̥gu-.

Indo-European Linguistics 9 (2021) 171–202

Alexander Nikolaev

This paper examines the absence of geminate -rr- in Sanskrit and argues that the synchronic ban on this sequence (evinced by the facts of the Vedic sandhi) results from continued high ranking of an Obligatory Contour Principle constraint against heteromorphemic geminates (inherited from PIE) combined with the substrate influence of Dravidian languages in which the rhotics are non-geminable. New -rr- sequences that arose in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-Aryan from PIE *-LL- or *-LHL- after loss of the laryngeal and merger of *l with the rhotic were repaired through degemination. This hypothesis predicts a development of PIE *(-)CL̥HLV- to Sanskrit (-)Cī/ūrV- which has not been previously recognized in the treatments of Indic historical phonology. This development is arguably found in mūrá- ‘stupid’ < *mūrra- < *mr̥H-lo- (cf. Hitt. marlant- ‘stupid’), ūrú- ‘thigh’ < *u̯ūrru- < *(H)u̯l̥H-Lu- ← *(H)u̯l̥H-Lo- (cf. Hitt. walla- ‘thigh’), śīrá- ‘fervent’ < *śīrrá- < *k̑l̥H-Ló- (cf. śrā́ya- ‘be fervent’), and perhaps in several other examples.

Alexander Lubotsky

Srini Kalyanaraman

Ancient etyma of Meluhha related to the following words which signify hieroglyphs; the words evolve into baṟḍ̠ẖai 'boar' with variant pronunciations: varāhá -- , varāˊhu -- m. ʻ wild boar ʼ RV.Pa. Pk. varāha -- m. ʻ boar ʼ; A. B. barā ʻ boar ʼ (A. also ʻ sow, pig ʼ), Or. barāha, (Sambhalpur) barhā, (other dial.) bā̆rihā, bāriā, H. bā̆rāh m., Si. varā. varāhamūla n. ʻ name of a place in Kashmir ʼ Rājat. [varāhá -- , mūˊla -- ?]K. warahmul ʻ a town at west end of the valley of Kashmir ʼ.(CDIAL 11325, 11326). ବଢ଼ଇ— Baṟḍ̠ẖai 'carpenter' (Oriya) vaḍlangi, baḍaga 'artificers' (Telugu.Kannada) vāḍhī 'merchant' (Gujarati) This etymological excursus is an excellent example of the differentiations in pronunciations in various languages of Indian sprachbund, 'language union'. Thus, the essential semantic unity of Indian languages is reinforced. Sign 123 Rebus: badhi ‘worker in iron and wood’ Anthropomorph. Sarasvati Civilization. Boar atop ram with one-horned young bull and spread-legs hieroglyphs On one anthropomorph, an over-written Brahmi inscription is found and deciphered. Summary: barāh, baḍhi 'boar' vāḍhī, bari, barea 'merchant' bārakaśa 'seafaring vessel'. manji 'dhow, seafaring vessel'eka-shingi 'one-masted' koḍiya ‘young bull’, koṭiya 'dhow', kũdār 'turner, brass-worker'. kundar 'young bull' rebus: kunda 'wealth', kundaṇa 'fine gold' khonda 'young bull' rebus: khoTa 'wedge, alloy metal' PLUS konda 'furnace'. singhin 'spiny-horned' rebus; singi 'ornament gold' PLUS kunda 'fine gold'. Thus, the young single-horned bull calf signifies kndar, 'turner' of fine and ornament gold. Varaha, Khajuraho. Hieroglyph: चषाल n. the snout of a boar or hog MaitrS. i , 6 , 3. Rebus: चषाल mn. (g. अर्धर्चा*दि) a wooden ring on the top of a sacrificial post RV. i , 162 , 6 TS. vi Ka1t2h. xxvi , 4 (चशाल) S3Br. &c Sarasvati on the चषाल 'snout of varāha'.signifies a knowledge system to produce metalwork wealth. Citragupta (चित्रगुप्त) is the name of a deity representing the secretary of the divinities, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 72. Citragupta (Sanskrit: चित्रगुप्त, 'rich in secrets' or 'hidden picture') is a Hindu divinity assigned with the task of keeping complete records of actions of human beings on the earth. That the varāha temple is called Citragupta temple is significant. Citragupta is the divine accountant who maintains wealth accounting ledgers of a nation. Tepe Fullol hoard: boar vessel.redrawn by Eric Olijdam after Dupree et al 1971. Vessel 5. “On the Fullol vessel at least two boars were depicted…since boars are very rarely depicted in late 2ndmillennium Mesopotamia but are characteristic of Bactrian iconography, the ‘boar vessel’ is probably a local Bactrian product inspired upon Middle Assyrian seals or more likely sealings….(Eric Olijdam, Additional Evidence of Late Second Millennium Lapis Lazuli Route: the Fulllol Hoard in: Maurizio Taddei and Giuseppe de Marco, ed., South Asian Archaeology, Vol. I, Rome, Istituto Italiano per L’afria e l’oriente, pp.403-404). Keezhadi. Carnelian ring with boar hieroglyph. See: বরা 'boar' an avatāra of the Supreme Divine, signifies yajnapurusha of Veda tradition; artificer & merchant in Kīr̤aḍi, Indus Script continuum https://tinyurl.com/rdwque8 The hieroglyph signifies बढई baḍhī m ( H) A carpenter. वाढया vāḍhayā m (वर्द्धकि S through H) A carpenter. 2 An affix of honor to the names of carpenters.(Marathi) *vārdhaka ʻ pertaining to a carpenter ʼ. [vardhaki -- ]S. vāḍho m. ʻ carpenter ʼ, P. vāḍḍhī, bā˚ m. (< *vārdhika -- ?); Si. vaḍu ʻ pertaining to carpentry ʼ.vārdhanī -- see vardhanī -- .Addenda: *vārdhaka -- [Dial. a ~ ā < IE. o T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 73](CDIAL 11568) 11371 *varddhr̥ ʻ cutter, knife ʼ. [√vardh]*varddhrī -- : N. bāṛ ʻ blade of khukri ʼ; Bi. bāṛh ʻ bookbinder's papercutter ʼ; H. bāṛh, bāṛ f. ʻ edge of knife ʼ, G. vāḍh f.; -- P. vāḍh, bāḍh f. ʻ cutting edge ʼ poss. < *vārddhrī -- .*vardharī -- , *vardhā̆ra -- : Bi. badhrī, ˚riyā, ˚rā, badhārū ʻ knife with a heavy blade for reaping with ʼ; <-> WPah.bhad. bardhāṇū ʻ to shear sheep ʼ < *badhār -- ṇū?VARDH ʻ cut ʼ: *varddhr̥ -- , vardha -- 1, vardhaka -- , vardhaki -- , vardhana -- 1, vardhayati1, vardhāpayati1, *vardhira -- , várdhra -- , *vardhrya -- , *vārdhaka -- , vr̥ddha -- 1. vr̥ddhi -- 1; *avavr̥ddha -- , *vivr̥ddha -- . 11372 vardha1 m. ʻ a cutting ʼ W. [√vardh]S. vaḍhu m. ʻ a cut ʼ; L. vaḍḍh m. ʻ ears of corn remaining in a field after sheaves have been removed ʼ; P. vaḍḍh, ba˚ m. ʻ a cut in a piece of wood, chip, stubble of grain (wheat, maize, &c.) ʼ, vaḍḍhā, ba˚ m. ʻ cut, mark ʼ; G. vāḍh m. ʻ cut, wound, reaping a field ʼ; Si. vaḍa -- ya ʻ act of cutting off ʼ; -- K. broḍu m. ʻ septum of nose ʼ? vardhaka in cmpd. ʻ cutting ʼ, m. ʻ carpenter ʼ R. [√vardh]Pa. cīvara -- vaḍḍhaka -- m. ʻ tailor ʼ; Kho. bardog, ˚ox ʻ axe ʼ (early → Kal. wadók before v -- > b -- in Kho.); <-> Wg. wāṭ ʻ axe ʼ, Paš.dar. wāˊṭak (ṭ?). (CDIAL 11374) vardhaki m. ʻ carpenter ʼ MBh. [√vardh] Pa. vaḍḍhaki -- m. ʻ carpenter, building mason ʼ; Pk. vaḍḍhaï -- m. ʻ carpenter ʼ, ˚aïa -- m. ʻ shoemaker ʼ; WPah. jaun. bāḍhōī ʻ carpenter ʼ, (Joshi) bāḍhi m., N. baṛhaï, baṛahi, A. bārai, B. bāṛaï, ˚ṛui, Or. baṛhaï, ˚ṛhāi, (Gaṛjād) bāṛhoi, Bi. baṛahī, Bhoj. H. baṛhaī m., M. vāḍhāyā m., Si. vaḍu -- vā.*vārdhaka -- .Addenda: vardhaki -- : WPah.kṭg. báḍḍhi m. ʻ carpenter ʼ; kṭg. bəṛhe\i, báṛhi, kc. baṛhe ← H. beside genuine báḍḍhi Him.I 135), J. bāḍhi, Garh. baṛhai, A. also bāṛhai AFD 94; Md. vaḍīn, vaḍin pl. (CDIAL 11375) †*vardhakikarman -- . †*vardhakikarman -- ʻ carpentry ʼ. [vardhaki -- , kár- man -- ] Md. vaḍām ʻ carpentry ʼ.(CDIAL 11375a)vardhana1 n. ʻ cutting, slaughter ʼ Mn. [√vardh] S. vaḍhiṇī f. ʻ cutting ʼ, Si. väḍun. (CDIAL 11377) várdha2 m. ʻ giving increase or prosperity ʼ RV. [√vr̥dh]Pa. vaḍḍha -- n. ʻ wealth ʼ, vaḍḍhaka -- ʻ augmenting ʼ; Paš. wāḍ m. ʻ body ʼ IIFL iii 3, 183; S. vādho m. ʻ profit ʼ; P. vāddhā, bā˚ m. ʻ increase, profit ʼ; WPah. (Joshi) bādhā m. ʻ increase in taxes ʼ; B. bāṛ(h)ā ʻ increase ʼ, Or. baṛhā, H. bādhā m., M. vāḍh m.*gōvardha -- .(CDIAL 11373)

Rosa Ronzitti

n śyena 'falcon' from frozen Himalaya rebus aśani 'thunderbolt' آهن ګر āhan gar, کار کنده kār-kunda 'blacksmith, turner, director' and lo overflowing kāṇḍa pot, rebus lokhãḍ, 'copper tools, pots and pans' Two vivid ancient imageries are gleaned from R̥gveda śyena and Ancient Near east Anzu (cognate ancu 'iron' (Tocharian) and amśu 'soma', aśani 'thunderbolt' rebus آهن ګر āhan gar, 'thunderbolt maker smith' metaphors; and 2) from overflowing pot on Indus Script hypertext and Ancient Near East hieroglyphs on cylinder seals and artifacts such as Gudea statue holding an overflowing pot. Evidencs for these two sets of abiding metaphors are presented in this monograph and metaphors deciphered in the context of metalwork wealth-accounting ledgers of artisans and seafaring merchants. Overflow pot on Jasper cylinder seal, ANE (MetMuseum); overflow pot on m1656 Mohenjodaro pectoral -- R̥gveda śyena (suparṇātmā brahma) aśani 'thunderbolt'; aśaniḥ अशनिः m., f. [अश्नुते संहति, अश् अनि Uṇ 2.11] 1 Indra's thunderbolt; शक्रस्य महाशनिध्वजम् R.3.56. -2 Flash of lightning; अनुवनमशनिर्गतः Sk.; अशनिः कल्पित एष वेधसा R.8.47; अशनेरमृतस्य चोभयोर्वशिनश्चाम्बुधराश्च योनयः Ku.4.43. -3 A missile. अष्टचक्रां महाघोरामशनिं रुद्रनिर्मिताम् Mb.7.175.96. -4 The tip of a missile. -5 A sacrificial rite (अनुयाज) to kill an enemy. -6 A master. -Comp. -दण्डः The thunderbolt. निर्भिद्याशनिदण्डचण्डतरया चञ्चूवाधुना वक्षसि Nāg.4.27. -नि m. 1 Indra. -2 Fire. -3 Fire produced from lightning aśman अश्मन् 1 A stone; नाराचक्षेपणी- याश्मनिष्पेषोत्पतितानलम् R.4.77. -2 A hard stone, rock. -3 Flint. ततो$श्मसहिता धाराः संवृण्वन्त्यः समन्ततः Mb.3.143.19. -4 A cloud. -5 A thunderbolt. -6A mountain.-हन्मन् n. 1 a weapon of iron; Rv.7.14.5. -2 a stroke of the thunderbolt. (Apte). śyēnḥ श्येनः [श्यै-इनन् Uṇ.2.45] A hawk, falcon. śyai श्यै 1 Ā. (श्यायते, श्यान, शीत or शीन) To be congealed or coagulated. (Apte) cl.1 P. श्यायति , to cause to congeal or freeze S3Br. ; (A1.) श्यायते (Gr. also pf. शश्ये ; aor. अश्यास्त ; fut. श्याता , श्यास्यते) , to go , move Dha1tup. xxii , 67 : Pass. शीयते , to congeal , freeze , be cold TS. TBr. : Caus. श्यापयति Gr.: Desid. शिश्यासते ib. : Intens. शाश्यायते , शाश्येति , शाश्याति ib.(Monier-Williams) Hence, śyena 'falcon' is from frozen Himalaya mountain. -- Hieroglyph:lo 'overflow', kāṇḍa 'sacred water'.rebus: lokhãḍ, 'copper tools, pots and pans' -- Hieroglyph: fish-fin; hypertext: shoulder (from which waves, water overflows are shown on ANE artifacts) *skambha2 ʻ shoulder -- blade, wing, plumage ʼ. [Cf. *skapa -- s.v. *khavaka -- ]S. khambhu, ˚bho m. ʻ plumage ʼ, khambhuṛi f. ʻ wing ʼ; L. khabbh m., mult. khambh m. ʻ shoulder -- blade, wing, feather ʼ, khet. khamb ʻ wing ʼ, mult. khambhaṛā m. ʻ fin ʼ; P. khambh m. ʻ wing, feather ʼ; G. khā̆m f., khabhɔ m. ʻ shoulder ʼ.(CDIAL 13640) Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236) Related imageHittite, seal, hare and two eagles, Boğazköy,, 1800 BC, Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, Ankara. Hittite, seal, hare and two eagles, Boğazköy,, 1800 BC, Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, Ankara kharā 'hare' rebus: khār 'blacksmith' asani, syena ‘falcon’ rebus: aśani 'thunderbolt' آهن ګر āhan gar, کار کنده kār-kunda 'blacksmith, turner’. kambha'wing' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint'.dula ‘pair’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’ -- کار کند kār-kund (corrup. of Pکار کن) adj. Adroit, clever, experienced. 2. A director, a manager; (Fem.) کار کنده kār-kundaʿh. کار کول kār kawul, verb trans. To work, to labor, to trade; P کارستان kār-istān, s.m. (2nd) A place of work, a manufactory, an arsenal. Pl. کارستانونه kār-istānūnah. (Pashto) khāra खार 'blacksmith,iron worker' (Kashmiri) kāṇḍḥ ṇḍam काण्डः ण्डम् Water. निवृत्ताः काण्डचित्राणि क्रियन्ते दाशबन्धुभिः Rām.2.89.18. (Apte) -- सु--पर्ण mf(/ई)n. having beautiful wings RV.; m. any large bird of prey (as a vulture , eagle ; also applicable to the sun or moon as " having beautiful rays " , and to सोमand clouds ; du. " sun and moon ") ib.; m. any mythical or supernatural bird (often identified with गरुड , and sometimes personified as a ऋषि , a देव-गन्धर्व , and an असुर) RV. TS. Ka1t2h. MBh.; m. a ray Naigh.; m. N. of the mother of गरुड or of the प्राजापत्य आरुणि सुपर्णेय BhP. Na1rUp.; m. = गरुडी MBh.; m. the mother of सु-पर्ण Suparn2.; m. N. of one of the seven tongues of fire Gr2ihya1s. (Monie-Williams) sauparṇam सौपर्णम् Emerald. a. Relating to सुपर्ण bird or Garuḍa; सौपर्णमस्त्रं प्रतिसंजहार R.16.8 (Apte). सुपर्णकेतुः, पुं, (सुपर्णः केतौ यस्य ।) विष्णुः ।इति हलायुधः https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/शब्दकल्पद्रुमः Eagle, श्येन sēṇa, کار کنده kār-kunda, آهن ګر āhan gar, 'blacksmith' are Indus Script metalwork wealth मेधा 'yajña, धन' hypertexts See: https://tinyurl.com/y8qnj9gu Eagle, श्येन sēṇa, کار کنده kār-kunda are Indus Script metalwork wealth मेधा 'yajña, धन' hypertexts, signify آهن ګر āhan gar, 'blacksmith', maker of asaṇi, vajrāśani thunderbolt weapon, manager of kiln The sacred double-headed temple has a temple in Sirkap, Takṣaśila. The double-headed eagle is an Indus Script hypertext to signify kār-kunda, 'manager of kiln', āhan gar, 'blacksmith', maker of asaṇi, vajrāśani 'Indra's thunderbolt' signified by श्येन 'm. a hawk , falcon , eagle , any bird of prey (esp. the eagle that brings down सोम to man)' RV. &c. It is veneration of the thunderbolt maker, blacksmith, āhan gar -- an expression derived from श्येन 'hawk' 1) attested in R̥gveda. .श्येन is name of a ऋषि (having the patr. आग्नेय and author of RV. x , 188; and 2) double eagles celebrated in Rāmāyaṇa: सम्-पाति m. N. of a fabulous bird (the eldest son of अरुण or गरुड and brother of जटायु) MBh. R. &c and जटायु m. N. of the king of vultures (son of अरुण and श्येनी MBh. ; son of गरुड R. ; younger brother of सम्पाति ; promising his aid to राम , out of regard for his father दश-रथ , but defeated and mortally wounded by रावण on attempting to rescue सीता) MBh. i , 2634 ; iii , 16043ff. and 16242ff R. i , iii f.Image result for meister shrine of eagle taxila Shrine of the Double Headed Eagle, Buddhist ruins of Sirkap in Punjab Province, Pakistan Stock Photo Shrine of Two Headed Eagle, 2nd cent.BCE Double-Headed Eagle Stupa, Sirkap, Taxila (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1980), Punjab, Pakistan, 2nd century BC : Stock Photo Double-Headed Eagle Stupa, Sirkap, Taxila (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1980), Punjab, Pakistan, 2nd century BCE http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/pakistan-punjab-taxila-sirkap-shrine.html. R̥gveda ākhyāna of śyena by Gautama, son of Rāhugaṇa who migrated to Karatoya, Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Soma and the Eagle (Agni as śyena 'thunderbolt' ) -- Maurice Bloomfield (1892) https://tinyurl.com/ycpf85x2 The devatā of r̥ca RV 4.26.4-7 is śyena (suparṇātmā brahma) and of r̥ca RV 4.27.1-5 is śyena. In some r̥ca-s of the two sukta-s, Indra and ātmā are the devatā. Bloomfield tries to show that gāyatri, the eagle, is the sacerdotal name of Agni, the heavenly Agni (the lightning) who is the eagle. (See embedded: Contributions to the Interpretation of the Veda Maurice Bloomfield in: Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol. 16 (1896), pp. 1-42 Published by: American Oriental Society DOI: 10.2307/592485 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/592485). This opinion of Bloomfield is consistent with the semantics: aśani ‘thunderbolt’ cognate śyena ‘falcon’, sena ‘thunderbolt’. The semantics of aśani ‘thunderbolt’ leads to the expression āhangar ‘blacksmith’. (Pashto. Kashmiri) Bloomfield also notes that divah śyena is a reference to Agni and that Agni is frequently spoken of as a bird (e.g., RV I.164.52). Thus, ‘the descent of the lightning is viewed as the cause of the descent of the ambrosial fluid, the Soma. VS VI.34: somo rājā ‘mr̥tam sutah‘king Soma when pressed becomes amr̥ta’. This means that the Soma (amsu) is guarded by the metallic iron castles. (A clear intimation of Soma as a reference to metal or mineral). The adjective somabhr̥t repeatedly used in Yajus-samhita and the Brahmana-s is a standing epithet of the eagle: ‘he who brings the soma’. Griffith: RV VI.20.6: 6 As the Hawk rent for him the stalk that gladdens, he wrenched the head from Namuci the Dasa. He guarded Nam, Sayyas' son, in slumber, and sated him with food, success, and riches. Sayana/Wilson: RV 6.020.06 And the hawk bore to Indra the exhilarating Soma, when, bruising the head of the oppressor Namuci, and protecting the slumbering Nami, the son of Sapya, he provided, for the weeell-being (of the sage), riches and food. Bloomfield translates this as: “churning for him the head of the demon Namuci, as did the eagle the intoxicating plant (from the cloud, or the heavens.)”

Pūrvāparaprajñābhinandanam. East and West, Past and Present. Indological and Other Essays in Honour of Klaus Karttunen

Jouna Pyysalo

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Shrigala, Śṛgāla, Sṛgāla, Srigala: 21 definitions

Introduction
Dharmashastra
General definition
India history

Introduction:

Shrigala means something in Buddhism , Pali, Hinduism , Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Śṛgāla and Sṛgāla can be transliterated into English as Srgala or Shrigala or Srigala, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?) .

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life), veterinary medicine (the study and treatment of animals).

Sṛgāla (सृगाल) refers to the Golden Jackal ( Canis aureus ), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Śṛgāla (शृगाल)—Sanskrit word for the animal “jackal”. This animal is from the group called Guhāśaya (‘which have a lair’, or, ‘cave-dwelling mammals’). Guhāśaya itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Jāṅghala (living in high ground and in a jungle).

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Śṛgāla (शृगाल).—A King of the "Strī rājya". This king had attended the Svayaṃvara of the daughter of Citrāṅgada, king of Kaliṅga. (Mahābhārata, Śānti Parva, Chapter 4, Verse 7)

Sṛgāla (सृगाल) refers to “jackals”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.15 (“The penance and reign of Tārakāsura”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated: “[...] At the same time, several phenomena of evil portent forboding misery and distress happened, when the son of Varāṅgī was born making the gods miserable. [...] Within villages, inauspicious vixens howled hideously vomitting fires; as it were, through their mouths along with the hissing and twanging sounds of the hootings and howlings of owls and jackals [i.e., sṛgāla-ulūka-ṭaṅkāra ]. Lifting up their necks, the dogs barked in diverse ways producing sounds of singing or lamenting here and there. [...]”.

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Śṛgāla (शृगाल) refers to the animal “Golden jackal” ( Canis aureus ).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Śṛgāla] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Sṛgāla (सृगाल) refers to a “jackal” (i.e., ‘being amongst jackals in dreams’), according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.21-27, while describing inauspicious dreams]—“[...] [He dreams of] the destruction of houses, palaces, beds, clothes, and seats; defeat of oneself in battle and theft of ones things. [He] ascends or is amongst donkeys, camels, dogs, jackals ( sṛgāla ), and herons, vultures, and cranes. [He rides on] buffalos, owls, and crows, eats cooked meat, [wears a] red garland, and ointment for the body. [...]”

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Sṛgāla (सृगाल, ‘jackal’) is not found until the Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (xii. 5, 2, 5) , but is common in the Epic.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of buddhism).

Śṛgāla (शृगाल, “jackal”) represents an incarnation destination of the tiryaggati (animal realm) according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII) .—The Bodhisattva sees the animals ( tiryak ) undergoing all the torments: they are made to gallop by blows of the whip or stick; they are made to make long journeys carrying burdens; their harness is damaged; they are branded with hot iron. If they have deceived honest people ( sajjanāvamāna ), they take the body of [for example], a jackal ( śṛgāla ).

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

India history and geography

Śṛgāla (शृगाल) or Śṛgālapā is another name for Śalipā : one of the eighty-four Siddhas (Siddhācāryas) of the Sahajayāna school, according to sources such as the Varṇaratnākara of Jyotirīśvara (i.e., the Varna-Ratnakara by Jyotirishwar Thakur).—The Sahaja-Yana is a philosophical and esoteric movement of Tantric Buddhism which had enormous influence in the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayas.—Many of these Mahāsiddhas [e.g., Śṛgāla-pā] were historical figures whose lives and mystical powers were the subject of legends. They are often associated with teachings belonging to Hinduism, Buddhism, Ajivikism and Jainism such as the Nath Tradition.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

Shrigala in India is the name of a plant defined with Echinops echinatus in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Hortus Bengalensis (1814) · Taxon (1977) · Bot. Journal of the Linnean Society (2000) · Ethnobotany (2004)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Shrigala, for example chemical composition, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, side effects, health benefits, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-english dictionary.

śṛgāla (शृगाल).— m A male jackal. śṛgālī f A female jackal.

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Śṛgāla (शृगाल).—[ asṛjaṃ lāti lā-ka pṛṣo° ]

1) A jackal.

2) A cheat, rogue, swindler.

3) A coward.

4) An ill-natured man, one using harsh words.

5) Name of Kṛṣṇa.

Derivable forms: śṛgālaḥ (शृगालः).

Sṛgāla (सृगाल).—A jackal; see शृगाल ( śṛgāla ) .

Derivable forms: sṛgālaḥ (सृगालः).

Śṛgāla (शृगाल).—m.

( -laḥ ) 1. A shakal or jackal. 2. A coward, a poltroon. 3. A rogue, a cheat. 4. An ill-natured or harsh-speaking man. 5. A demon so named. 6. Krishna. f. ( -lī ) 1. Flight, retreat. 2. A fox. 3. A she-jackal. E. śṛj to create or abandon, (deceit, &c.) kālan aff.; or śṛṅga a horn, a negative prefix, lā to possess, aff. ka, deriv. irr.; also sṛgāla, &c.

Sṛgāla (सृगाल).—m.

( -laḥ ) 1. A jackal. 2. A Daitya or demon. E. sṛj to let go, kālan aff; more usually śṛgāla .

Śṛgāla (शृगाल).—I. m. 1. Ajackal, [ Hitopadeśa ] 52, 4, M. M. 2. A rogue. 3. A coward. 4. A demon. 5. Kṛṣṇa. Ii. f. lī . 1. A she-jackal, [ Pañcatantra ] 220, 9. 2. A fox.

Śṛgāla (शृगाल).—v. sṛgāla .

Sṛgāla (सृगाल).—[masculine] sṛgālī & sṛgālikā [feminine] jackal.

1) Śṛgāla (शृगाल):—(also written śṛkāla ) m. a jackal etc. See sṛgāla .

2) Sṛgāla (सृगाल):— m. (also written śṛgāla ; of doubtful derivation), a jackal, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] etc. etc.

3) a [particular] tree, [Mahābhārata] ([Nīlakaṇṭha])

4) Name of a Vāsudeva (ruler of Karavīra-pura), [Harivaṃśa]

5) of a Daitya, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) a rogue, cheat, [Horace H. Wilson]

7) a coward, poltroon, [ib.]

8) an ill-natured or harsh-speaking man, [ib.]

1) Śṛgāla (शृगाल):— (laḥ) 1. m. Idem; a demon; a poltroon; a cheat; cross man; Krishna. f.

( -ī ) Flight; a fox.

2) Sṛgāla (सृगाल):— (laḥ) 1. m. A jackal; a demon.

Sṛgāla (सृगाल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Siāla .

[Sanskrit to German]

Shrigala in German

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् ( saṃskṛtam ), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Śṛgāla (ಶೃಗಾಲ):—[noun] any of several wild dogs, mostly yellowish-gray and smaller than the wolf, which often hunt prey in packs, gen. at night, and also eat carrion and certain plants; a jackal.

Sṛgāla (ಸೃಗಾಲ):—[noun] the wild dog Canis aureus, (smaller than the wolf), which offten hunt prey in pack at night and eat carrion and certin plants, believed to be sly; jackal.

Sṛgāḷa (ಸೃಗಾಳ):—[noun] = ಸೃಗಾಲ [srigala ] .

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 13 books and stories containing Shrigala, Śṛgāla, Sṛgāla, Srgala, Sṛgāḷa, Srigala; (plurals include: Shrigalas, Śṛgālas, Sṛgālas, Srgalas, Sṛgāḷas, Srigalas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Harivamsha Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)

Chapter 44 - Battle with Shrigala < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]

Chapter 39 - Krishna Meets with Parasurama < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]

Chapter 46 - Baladeva Visits Vraja < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 6.6.12 < [Chapter 6 - The Yādavas’ Victory When Śrī Rukmiṇī is Kidnapped]

show preview

Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)

Verse 2.19.146 < [Chapter 19 - The Lord’s Pastimes in Advaita’s House]

Verse 2.23.481 < [Chapter 23 - Wandering about Navadvīpa On the Day the Lord Delivered the Kazi]

Verse 1.14.87 < [Chapter 14 - The Lord’s Travel to East Bengal and the Disappearance of Lakṣmīpriyā]

+ 5 more chapters / show preview

The Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 50(c) - Conquest of Karvīrapura < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

Chapter 50(d) - Kṛṣṇa Crowned: Jarāsandha’s Defeat < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

Chapter 50 - Settlement at the Fort of Dvārakā < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]

Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)

Story of the exertion of the jackal < [Chapter XXIII - The Virtue of Morality]

The beings of the threefold world (traidhātuka) < [The world of transmigration]

II. How to meditate on the nine notions (navasaṃjñā) < [Part 1 - The nine notions according to the Abhidharma]

Animal Kingdom (Tiryak) in Epics (by Saranya P.S)

Chapter 6.4 - The Jackal-monkey debate (Shrigala Vanara Samvada)

Click here for all 13 books

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Corpus ID: 192762944

Fall of the Indigo Jackal, The

McComas Taylor
Published 2007

106 References

The brahmin and the mongoose: the narrative context of a well-travelled tale, sanskrit and reality: the buddhist contribution, pañcatantra: the book of india's folk wisdom.

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The fox and the crow story in sanskrit (लोमश: एवं काक:).

27 comments:

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Short Story ”A Cunning Jackal” Complete Story for Class 10, Class 12 and other classes.

A Cunning Jackal

Once a jackal was wandering in search of food. It strayed into a town. It saw a dyer’s pot full of blue dye. It slipped into it. As it jumped out of the pot, it was dyed blue. It was a cunning jackal. It decided to make the best of this happening.

He went to the jungle and said to his friends, “I am your blue king. God has sent me to rule over you. If you obey me, you will enjoy all comforts of life.”

But some animals did not obey his elders. They held a meeting. As the meeting was going on, one of the jackal began to how1. The blue jackal also howled. Now the other jackals came to know that blue king was one of their brethren like them. All of them killed him.

Moral: over cleverness is dangerous or one cannot deceive all the people for all the time.

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Translation of "jackal" into Sanskrit

जम्बुक, भीरु, शृकाल are the top translations of "jackal" into Sanskrit.

Any of several wild canine species, native to the tropical Old World, smaller than a wolf. [..]

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The fall of the Indigo Jackal: The discourse of division and
This and many similar narratives are found in the PanÅcatantra, the collection of Sanskrit tales for children compiled by a Jaina monk named Puμrn|abhadra in 1199 CE. In this book, McComas Taylor looks at the discourses that give shape and structure to the fall of the indigo jackal and the other tales within the PanÅcatantra.
PDF Vishnu Sharma's Panchatantra (Sanskrit)
The jackal succeeds in fomenting mistrust between the friends and provoking a battle in which the lion kills the bull. However, the jackal's view of this odd friendship as undesirable is undermined by another jackal who lectures the lion on his folly in having listened to an evil advisor and destroyed a faithful friend. The lion repents too late.
The Lion, Camel, Jackal and the Crow
There was once a jungle that was ruled by a lion called Madotkata, who had a leopard, a jackal and a crow at his service, along with other animals. As they did regularly, they were wandering about the jungle one day, when the lion saw a camel at a distance. This camel had separated from its caravan and was feeding itself on the green grass of ...
panchatantra story in sanskrit
Hence, I shall invite him myself. I shall eat the jackal when he enters hearing it. Thus, the lion called out. The cave was filled with the sound of the lion's roar. Even other animals that were far away in the forest became scared. The jackal ran away at once.
The Story of the Blue Jackal
The jackal started running to save itself, but the dogs chased. In an attempt to flee from the dogs, he ran into a house, which belonged to a washerman. There was a big vat of blue dye inside. As he jumped without knowing, his entire body was dyed in blue colour. He no longer looked like a jackal.
PDF Moral and Ethical thoughts in Sanskrit Story Literature
The story literature in Sanskrit language has been responsible to create a remarkable impact on the human mind. The popular tales and didactic fables of Sanskrit ... In the story of jackal and deer, since the deer was dharmic he escaped from the clutches of the wicked jackal and the jackal being adharmic it perished due to his
The Lion and the Jackal
The lion was convinced by the cunning jackal and he agreed. As soon the jackal was able to convince him, he jumped on the young camel and tore him apart. The young camel died instantly. The lion remembered that he must worship before eating for the young camel's next life and asked the jackal and wolf to guard over the carcass, while he returned.
Literature ::: Sanskrit Stories
Stories: In this section you can read some of the famous stories available in Sanskrit literature. These stories have high moral and practical values and useful for readers of all ages. Stories are given in Sanskrit along with their English translation. Panchatantra Stories. Set 1. Set 2. The King's Monkey Servant. The Wedge Removing Monkey.
Chapter 6.4
The Jackal-Monkey debate is seen in the Danadharma Parva which is a subsection of Anushasana Parva.A person who gives another person hope and then disappoints him is committing a great sin. Even if you perform many homams with fire or make a lot of almsgiving, this sin will destroy all the good deeds you have done.
Old Indic (Vedic Sanskrit): A Dogged Etymology śṛgālá- jackal
With all due caution, we suggest that there may be a native etymology of this word (perhaps a loan word folk-etymologized) that alludes to a key characteristic (the so-called jackal's horn). (PDF) Old Indic (Vedic Sanskrit): A Dogged Etymology śṛgālá- jackal | Alexis Manaster Ramer - Academia.edu
Shrigala, Śṛgāla, Sṛgāla, Srigala: 19 definitions
Śṛgāla (शृगाल)—Sanskrit word for the animal "jackal". This animal is from the group called Guhāśaya ('which have a lair', or, 'cave-dwelling mammals'). Guhāśaya itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Jāṅghala (living in high ground and in a jungle). context information. Āyurveda ...
[PDF] Fall of the Indigo Jackal, The
A jackal, who had fallen into a vat of indigo dye, decided to exploit his marvellous new appearance and declared himself king of the forest. He appointed the lions and other animals as his vassals, but took the precaution of having all his fellow jackals driven into exile. One day, hearing the howls of the other jackals in the distance, the indigo jackal's eyes filled with tears of joy and he ...
The talking Cave
Chuckling to himself, he shouted, "I've walked this jungle for years, but I've never heard a cave that talked.Only a fool would believe that a cave speaks" Then he ran far from the cave to ﬁnd himself a new home. The talking Cave. Illustrated collection of Indian Panchatantra tales. Moral stories for kids Panchatantra stories.
Jackal
The English word "jackal" dates back to 1600 and derives from the French chacal, from Turkish çakal, derived from the Persian شغال shoghāl, which is in turn derived from the Sanskrit शृगाल śṛgāla meaning "the howler". Taxonomy and relationships. The extant wolf-like canids Dog. Gray wolf.
PDF Dharma in Sanskrit Story Literature
The Sanskrit Story literature bears an impact on human society as it carries a message for right conduct. Through its narratives, it ordains good conduct and infuses morality in the human mind. The story literature in the Sanskrit language has been responsible to create a remarkable impact on the human mind.
PDF READING AND WRITING SKILLS IN SANSKRIT
Sanskrit Essays 1. िनवसित, यत् खादित, ... except for this baby jackal I could not find any animal. Since he is small, and I thought, like our small children, I did not kill it. 3., तावूचतु-- , School of Distance Education Reading and writing skills in Sanskrit 51--
the smart jackal and the crow Story in Sanskrit
A simple story in Sanskrit with English translation that will help your children learn Sanskrit easily. Watch and enjoy. We have many more such stories on o...
Animal names in Sanskrit
This post contains Essay on Zoo in Sanskrit with translation in English and Hindi. This can be referenced by Sanskrit students or anyone interested in learning and writing basic Sanskrit sentences. ... In Sanskrit, Jackal is known as शृगालः (śṛgālaḥ) and in Hindi it is known as सियार. It can be used as given in the ...
मम प्रिया भाषा
The motive of this blog is to enrich the interest of students studying Sanskrit language! 😄 मम प्रिया भाषा - संस्कृतम् । Essay on Sanskrit language in Sanskrit | ... The deer who blindly trusted the jackal without paying heed to the timely advice given by the crow about not trusting an unknown ...
The Fox and The Crow Story in Sanskrit (लोमश: एवं काक:)
The Fox and The Crow Story in Sanskrit (लोमश: एवं काक:) ... Send your Question Papers, suggestions, ideas at email: [email protected]. Popular Ones. CBSE Class 10 Maths Lab Activity - Draw Quadratic Polynomial and Observe (#class10Maths)(#Class10MathsActivity)
PDF ISSN: 2394-7519 Development of modern Sanskrit stories: From Veda to 19
who are not much familiar with modern Sanskrit stories and its development and it also will grow interest for work in future. Beside that I also think they will get necessary data from this essay. Discussion Origin and development of Sanskrit 'Kathasahitya' generally is divided in three stages - 1.Early age: from starting to before
Short Story "A Cunning Jackal" Complete Story for ...
A Cunning Jackal. Once a jackal was wandering in search of food. It strayed into a town. It saw a dyer's pot full of blue dye. It slipped into it. As it jumped out of the pot, it was dyed blue. It was a cunning jackal. It decided to make the best of this happening. He went to the jungle and said to his friends, "I am your blue king.
jackal in Sanskrit
जम्बुक, भीरु, शृकाल are the top translations of "jackal" into Sanskrit. jackal verb noun grammar. Any of several wild canine species, native to the tropical Old World, smaller than a wolf. [..] + Add translation.

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panchatantra story in sanskrit | पंचतंत्र की कहानी संस्कृत में

बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता

पंचतंत्र की कहानी संस्कृत में हिंदी अनुवाद के साथ

Panchatantra story in Sanskrit with English translation

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