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100 MCQS OF Research Methodology

Research methodology, khyber medical university.

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(1) Published information in a particular subject area is discussed in? (A) Journals B) Research proposal C) Literature review D) Bioethics E) All of them (2) There are ________ basic elements of a literature review. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 7 (3) Which one is not element of a literature review? A) Headings B) Introduction C) Body D) Conclusion E) Recommendations (4) Summarize & synthesize are characteristics of? A) Research design B) Literature review C) story writing D) Journalism E) All of them (5) Who should write a literature review? A) Scholar B) Teacher C) Supervisor D) Co-ordinator E) Consultant (6) Sources of Literature review are all, except? A) Books B) Journals C) Articles D) Magazines E) Discussions (7) Which of the following is characteristic of poor L? A) Critical evaluation B) Clarity C) Conciseness D) Narrow & Shallow E) None of them (8) Which of them is a characteristic of good L? A) Confusing B) Critical evaluation C) Longwinded D) Confined to description E) All these (9) The purposes of Literature review are all, except? A) Copy pasting B) Discovering C) Synthesizing D) Identifying E) Establishing (10) L is written _________ of the thesis. A) In the start B) At the end C) After introduction D) In the middle (E) After references (11) The method that consists of collection of data through observation and experimentation, formulation and testing of hypothesis is called_______ method. A) Empirical B) scientific C) Scientific information D) practical knowledge E) none of these (12) All research processes start with________ A) Observation B) hypothesis C) Experiments D) deduction E) analysis (13) A Research is a_________ A) Lab experiment B) systematic and scientific inquiry C) Report D) procedure E) hypothesis (14) Which one of the following is/are not the characteristic of research? A) Systemic B) logical C) Empirical D) replicable E) non-systematic (15) The purpose of research is to: A) Review or synthesize existing knowledge B) Investigate existing situations or problems C) Provide solutions to problems D) Explain new phenomenon E) All of these (16) On the basis of objective point of view how many types of research? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 7 (17) Applied research is a type of research on the basis of ________ A) Application B) objective C) Types of information sought D) Application and objective E) None of these

(18) Which of the following is/are the type of research on objective point of view? A) Basic B) applied research C) Explanatory research D) Qualitative E) Quantitative research (19) All of the following are the types of research on the basis of objective EXCEPT: A) Exploratory B) descriptive C) Correlation research D) applied research E) Explanatory (20) On the basis of information sought there are 2 types of research which are: A) Exploratory research & explanatory research B) Descriptive research & correlation research C) Qualitative research & quantitative research D) Basic research & applied research E) Basic research & explanatory research (21) Which of the following statement is not correct about a questionnaire? A) A technique for collecting data B) Large amounts of information can be collected C) Its quick and easy to collect results D) An expensive method to collect data E) Set of questions for the purposes of a survey or statistical study (22) Which of the following is a first step of designing a questionnaire? A) Identify the goal of a questionnaire B) Choose a question type or types C) Identify a target demographic D) Restrict the length of your questionnaire E) Develop questions for a questionnaire (23) Types of commonly used questions in a questionnaire are: A) Yes/no question B) agree/disagree C) Open-ended D) Rank-order / scale e) All of the above (24) By writing a questionnaire you should avoid the following thing: A) Restrict the length of your questionnaire B) Explain the purpose of the questionnaire C ) Ask more than one question at a time D) Beware of asking for private or “sensitive” information E) Put the most important questions at the beginning of your questionnaire (25) Which of the following is a first step in writing a questionnaire? A) Explain the purpose of the questionnaire B) Self introduction C) Estimate time D) Reveal what will happen with the data you collect E) Describe any incentives that may be involved (26) Common ways to distribute questionnaires are: A) An online site B) using the mail C) Conduct face-to-face interviews D) using the telephone E) All of these (27) Advantages of questionnaire are: A) Inexpensive B) a practical way to gather data C) its quick and easy to collect results D) Allow you to gather information from a large audience E) All of the above (28) A systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena is called A) Applied research B) basic research C) explanatory D) qualitative E) quantitative (29) Which research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problem? A) Basic research B ) applied research C) explanatory D) correlational E) descriptive (30) Preliminary data collection is a part of the_______ research. A) Qualitative B ) exploratory C) explanatory D) correlational research AE) descriptive research

C) Stratified random sampling D) Convenience sampling E) None (43) A subset that is chosen from large population? A) Parameter B) Variable C) Sample D) Statistic E) None of them (44) Individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance such each individual has the same probability of chosen? A) Systemic random sampling B) Simple random sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Complex sampling E) Non-sampling (45) Which of the following sampling method required complete information about the entire individual of population? A) Systemic random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Simple random sampling D) Convenience sampling E) All of above (46) Sampling technique used when population under study is heterogeneous? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Systematic random sampling D) Snowball E) All of above (47) A specific plan or protocol for conducting research that allow researcher to transform conceptual hypothesis into practical one is________. A) Research B) Basic research C) Study design D) Research problem D) None (48) The basic epidemiological study designs are of_______ types. A) Two B) Three C) Seven D) Eight E) Ten (49) Pick individual based descriptive research: A) Cross sectional B) Cohort C) Case report D) RCT s E) Quassi experiments (50) Pick population based descriptive research: A) Case-control B) RCT s C) Case series D) Cohort E) Ecological research (51) Pick observational based analytical study design: A) Case report B) Case series C) Ecological D) Cohort E) All of above (52) Pick experimental/interventional study design: A) RCT s B) Quassi experiments C) Case control D) Cohort **E) Both A & B** (53) Which one is not an analytical study? **A) Ecological** B) Cohort C) Case-control D) RCT s E) Quassi experiments (54) A single patient clinical history is described in detail in_________ A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case study D) Case series E) All of above (55) Snapshot of population at a point of time is________. A) Case report B) Cross-sectional C) Cohort D) Quassi E) RCT s (56) Screening surveys is example of________ study design. **A) Cross-sectional** B) Lab tests C) WHO screening D) Community screening E) RCT s (57) _________ study is part of social sciences, not general research. A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case study D) Case series E) Cross-sectional

( 58) Temporal relation doesn t exist in __________ study design. A) Case report B) Case series C) Cohort **D) None of these** E) Both A & C (59) The variable being tested & measured in a scientific experiment is_________. **A) Dependent** B) Independent C) Subjective D) Fixed E) None-statistical (60) A_________ variable is changed & controlled in a scientific experiment. A) Dependent **B) Independent** C) Subjective D) Fixed E) Non-statistical (61) Which of the following is non-probability sampling technique? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling **C) Snowball sampling** D) Cluster sampling E) Systematic random sampling (62) Ethics is the branch of________. **A) Philosophy** B) Social sciences C) Statistics D) Biostatistics E) Bio-medics (63) A field of study concerned with the ethics & philosophical implications of certain biological & medical procedures, technologies & treatments is called_________. A) Bio-medics B) Biotechnology C) Biogeography D) Biology **E) Bioethics** (64) Research should be driven only by desire to establish the ________. A) Information B) Conclusion **C) Truth** D) Planning E) All of these (65) Who provided Helsinki declarations for guidance of medical research community? A) WHO B) UNO C) OIC **D) World medical association** E) None (66) General ethical principles include: A) Beneficence B) Non-maleficence C) Respect for person **D) All A, B & C** E) Only A & C (67) Informed consent is also a part of: A) Social sciences **B) Research ethics** C) Lab tests D) TV shows E) Social media (68) The process of identifying & reporting unethical or unsound research is called_______. A) Research ethics **B) Research misconduct** C) Study design D) Scholarity E) None (69) _______ is making up data or results & recording or reporting them. A) Plagiarism B) Falsification C) Publication **D) Fabrication** E) Jurisdiction (70) The appropriation of another person s ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit is called________. A) Falsification B) Fabrication C) Publication D) Jurisdiction E) Plagiarism (71) The answers from respondents of the questionnaire are run in software called, ________. A) BLAST B) SPSS C) APSSP D) MEGA5 E) Google scholar (72) SPSS software can also detect the magnitude of _ . A) Plagiarism B) Study design C) Research ethics D) Literature review E) None (73) Our research starts with the first step of . A) Research type B) Research ethics C) Research problem D) Plagiarism E) Both A & C (74) A research scholar is guided by a trained scholar or _________. A) Pharmacist B) Supervisor C) Parents D) Colleagues E) School friends

(93) Developing the hypothesis is an objective of _______ study. A) Analytical B) Interventional C) Observational D) Experimental E) Descriptive (94) No examination of association b/w exposure & health outcome, select true study design: A) Analytical B) Descriptive C) Interventional D) Observational E) Experimental (95) A study that helps in developing an etiological hypothesis: A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case report D) Cross-sectional comparative E) Case study (96) When you are searching different search engines & assessing published materials. It is a . A) Literature review B) Literature search C) Internet surfing D) Both A & B E) None (97) Outline approach is used in which part of research? A) Questionnaire B) Research ethics C) Study design D) L E) All of these (98) ‘’Do you treat your children with kindness like a good parent should do?’’ This is a question. A) Confusing B) Double-barrelled C) Loaded or bias D) Fine E) Invalid (99) Do you like cats and dogs? This is a ________ question. A) Confusing B) Double-barrelled C) Loaded or bias D) Fine E) Invalid (100) You should start your questionnaire with a question that is more ______ to topic. A) Relevant B) Exhausting C) Strong D) Endless E) Confusing

• Multiple Choice

Course : Research Methodology

University : khyber medical university.

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Research Methods MCQs

Research methods mcqs topics.

General MCQs

Analyzing Quantitative Research Data MCQs

Our team has conducted extensive research to compile a set of Research Methods MCQs. We encourage you to test your Research Methods knowledge by answering these multiple-choice questions provided below. Simply scroll down to begin!

1: Intensive interviewing seeks in-depth information using _____________ questions.

A.   Indexes based on many closed-ended

B.   Probing, systematically structured

C.   Open-ended, relatively unstructured

D.   Many systematically structured

2: The number of main effects that need to be examined is _____ the number of independent variables.

A.   Main effect

B.   The same as

C.   A difference in differences

D.   Generalizes // interacts

3: A major advantage of case studies is ________.

A.   It is easy to generalize your findings

B.   You have a large sample size

C.   You get a lot of detailed information

D.   You can collect a large amount of data very quickly

4: A ____________________ is a relationship between two variables that allows us to make predictions.

A.   Correlation

B.   Regression

C.   Causation

D.   Covariance

5: An experimental study is one that _____.

A.   Attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses

B.   Involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable

C.   Discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much

D.   Attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another

E.   Provides repeated measures over an extended period of time

6: Foreign-born _____ have highest levels of education in the hispanic population overall.

A.   Venezuelans

B.   Chileans

C.   Ecuadorians

D.   Columbians

E.   Argentineans

7: A scientific poll uses ________ sampling techniques.

A.   Exit poll.

B.   Straw poll.

C.   Random sampling.

D.   Representative sampling.

8: Ideally, everything in the experimental situation except the __________ is held constant.

A.   Inferential statistic

B.   Hypothesis

C.   Independent variable

D.   Placebo

9: A true experiment involves the _____ of the independent variable.

A.   Manipulation

B.   Elimination

C.   Measurement

D.   Correlation

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Research Methodology

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Research Approaches
• Concepts of Theory and Empiricism
• Characteristics of scientific method
• Understanding the Language of Research
• 11 Steps in Research Process
• Research Design
• Different Research Designs
• Compare and Contrast the Main Types of Research Designs
• Cross-sectional research design
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Descriptive Research VS Qualitative Research
• Experimental Research VS Quantitative Research
• Sampling Design
• Probability VS Non-Probability Sampling

40 MCQ on Research Methodology

• MCQ on research Process
• MCQ on Research Design
• 18 MCQ on Quantitative Research
• 30 MCQ on Qualitative Research
• 45 MCQ on Sampling Methods
• 20 MCQ on Principles And Planning For Research

Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Reliability ensures the validity (B) Validity ensures reliability (C) Reliability and validity are independent of each other (D) Reliability does not depend on objectivity

Answer:  (C)

Q2. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Objectives of research are stated in first chapter of the thesis (B) Researcher must possess analytical ability (C) Variability is the source of problem (D) All the above

Answer:  (D)

Q3. The first step of research is: (A) Selecting a problem (B) Searching a problem (C) Finding a problem (D) Identifying a problem

Q4. Research can be conducted by a person who: (A) holds a postgraduate degree (B) has studied research methodology (C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability (D) is a hard worker

Answer: (B)

Q5. Research can be classified as: (A) Basic, Applied and Action Research (B) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research (C) Quantitative and Qualitative Research (D) All the above

Q6. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses: (A) t test (B) ANOVA (C)  X 2 (D) factorial analysis

Answer:  (B)

Q7. Bibliography given in a research report: (A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher (B) helps those interested in further research (C) has no relevance to research (D) all the above

Q8. A research problem is feasible only when: (A) it has utility and relevance (B) it is researchable (C) it is new and adds something to knowledge (D) all the above

Q9. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as: (A) Survey Research (B) Summative Research (C) Historical Research (D) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research

Answer: (D)

Q10. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Answer:  (A)

Q11. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: (A) Synthesize new ideals (B) Expound new principles (C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research (D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Q12. The main characteristic of scientific research is: (A) empirical (B) theoretical (C) experimental (D) all of the above

Q13. Authenticity of a research finding is its: (A) Originality (B) Validity (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q14. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? (A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive Sampling Technique (C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above

Q15. Research problem is selected from the stand point of: (A) Researcher’s interest (B) Financial support (C) Social relevance (D) Availability of relevant literature

Q16. The research is always – (A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) all of these

Q17. Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding a solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above

Q20. A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q21. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate the problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of the problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: (C)

Q22. Which correlation coefficient best explains the relationship between creativity and intelligence? (A) 1.00 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.3

Q23. Manipulation is always a part of (A) Historical research (B) Fundamental research (C) Descriptive research (D) Experimental research

Explanation: In experimental research, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables. The goal is to establish cause-and-effect relationships and test hypotheses. This type of research often involves control groups and random assignment to ensure the validity of the findings. Manipulation is an essential aspect of experimental research to assess the impact of specific variables and draw conclusions about their influence on the outcome.

Q24. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called (A) Philosophical research (B) Historical research (C) Mythological research (D) Content analysis

Q25. A null hypothesis is (A) when there is no difference between the variables (B) the same as research hypothesis (C) subjective in nature (D) when there is difference between the variables

Q26. We use Factorial Analysis: (A) To know the relationship between two variables (B) To test the Hypothesis (C) To know the difference between two variables (D) To know the difference among the many variables

Explanation: Factorial analysis, specifically factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), is used to investigate the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. It helps to determine whether there are significant differences or interactions among the independent variables and their combined effects on the dependent variable.

Q27. Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? (A) Philosophical research (B) Action research (C) Descriptive research (D) All the above

Q28.  Action-research is: (A) An applied research (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems (C) A longitudinal research (D) All the above

Explanation: Action research is an approach to research that encompasses all the options mentioned. It is an applied research method where researchers work collaboratively with practitioners or stakeholders to address immediate problems or issues in a real-world context. It is often conducted over a period of time, making it a longitudinal research approach. So, all the options (A) An applied research, (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems, and (C) A longitudinal research are correct when describing action research.

Q29.  The basis on which assumptions are formulated: (A) Cultural background of the country (B) Universities (C) Specific characteristics of the castes (D) All of these

Q30. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced? (A) Through its impartiality (B) Through its reliability (C) Through its validity (D) All of these

Q31.  A research problem is not feasible only when: (A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to the knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent var i ables (D) it has utility and relevance

Explanation:  A research problem is considered feasible when it can be studied and investigated using appropriate research methods and resources. The presence of independent and dependent variables is not a factor that determines the feasibility of a research problem. Instead, it is an essential component of a well-defined research problem that helps in formulating research questions or hypotheses. Feasibility depends on whether the research problem can be addressed and answered within the constraints of available time, resources, and methods. Options (A), (B), and (D) are more relevant to the feasibility of a research problem.

Q32. The process not needed in experimental research is: (A) Observation (B) Manipulation and replication (C) Controlling (D) Reference collection

In experimental research, reference collection is not a part of the process.

Q33. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Explanation: When a research problem involves a heterogeneous population, stratified sampling is the most suitable sampling method. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or variables. Each stratum represents a relatively homogeneous subset of the population. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum in proportion to its size or importance in the population. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the diversity present in the population and allows for more precise estimates of population parameters for each subgroup.

Q34.  Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Explanation: Generalized conclusions based on a sample are achieved through statistical inference. It involves using sample data to make inferences or predictions about a larger population. Statistical inference helps researchers draw conclusions, estimate parameters, and test hypotheses about the population from which the sample was taken. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, data analysis, and decision-making.

Q35. The experimental study is based on

(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters (C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature

Q36.  Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q37.  Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in: (A) Survey method (B) Historical studies (C) Experimental studies (D) Normative studies

Q38. Field-work-based research is classified as: (A) Empirical (B) Historical (C) Experimental (D) Biographical

Q39. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q40. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: (A) Applied research (B) Action research (C) Experimental research (D) None of these

Answer: (A)