Box's test of equality of covariance matrices a
Box's | 206.674 |
8.267 | |
df1 | 20 |
df2 | 670.958 |
Sig | 0.000 |
Effect | Value | Hypothesis df | Error df | Sig | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | Pillai's Trace | 0.748 | 74.388 | 4.000 | 100.000 | 0.000 |
Wilks' Lambda | 0.252 | 74.388 | 4.000 | 100.000 | 0.000 | |
Hotelling's Trace | 2.976 | 74.388 | 4.000 | 100.000 | 0.000 | |
Roy's Largest Root | 2.976 | 74.388 | 4.000 | 100.000 | 0.000 | |
CG | Pillai's Trace | 0.248 | 3.567 | 8.000 | 202.000 | 0.001 |
Wilks' Lambda | 0.764 | 3.596 | 8.000 | 200.000 | 0.001 | |
Hotelling's Trace | 0.293 | 3.625 | 8.000 | 198.000 | 0.001 | |
Roy's Largest Root | 0.224 | 5.650 | 4.000 | 101.000 | 0.000 |
df1 | df2 | Sig | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Market_Risk | 5.007 | 2 | 103 | 0.008 |
Credit_Risk | 1.665 | 2 | 103 | 0.194 |
Liquidity_Risk | 5.104 | 2 | 103 | 0.008 |
Operational_Risk | 17.719 | 2 | 103 | 0.000 |
Source | Dependent variable | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | Sig | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corrected Model | Market_Risk | 0.000 | 2 | 0.000 | 1.390 | 0.254 |
Credit_Risk | 0.001 | 2 | 0.001 | 2.650 | 0.075 | |
Liquidity_Risk | 0.263 | 2 | 0.131 | 2.418 | 0.094 | |
Operational_Risk | 0.231 | 2 | 0.115 | 9.019 | 0.000 | |
Intercept | Market_Risk | 0.000 | 1 | 0.000 | 4.969 | 0.028 |
Credit_Risk | 0.030 | 1 | 0.030 | 147.208 | 0.000 | |
Liquidity_Risk | 4.678 | 1 | 4.678 | 86.054 | 0.000 | |
Operational_Risk | 0.957 | 1 | 0.957 | 74.798 | 0.000 | |
CG | Market_Risk | 0.000 | 2 | 0.000 | 1.390 | 0.254 |
Credit_Risk | 0.001 | 2 | 0.001 | 2.650 | 0.075 | |
Liquidity_Risk | 0.263 | 2 | 0.131 | 2.418 | 0.094 | |
Operational_Risk | 0.231 | 2 | 0.115 | 9.019 | 0.000 |
Dependent variable | (I) CG | (J) CG | Mean difference (I–J) | Std. Error | Sig | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Market_Risk | Tukey HSD | 1 | 2 | −0.0027049 | 0.0018881 | 0.328 |
3 | 0.0013198 | 0.0039183 | 0.939 | |||
2 | 1 | 0.0027049 | 0.0018881 | 0.328 | ||
3 | 0.0040246 | 0.003751 | 0.533 | |||
3 | 1 | −0.0013198 | 0.0039183 | 0.939 | ||
2 | −0.0040246 | 0.003751 | 0.533 | |||
Credit_ Risk | Tukey HSD | 1 | 2 | −0.0042831 | 0.0030779 | 0.349 |
3 | −0.0139792 | 0.0063873 | 0.078 | |||
2 | 1 | 0.0042831 | 0.0030779 | 0.349 | ||
3 | −0.0096961 | 0.0061146 | 0.256 | |||
3 | 1 | 0.0139792 | 0.0063873 | 0.078 | ||
2 | 0.0096961 | 0.0061146 | 0.256 | |||
Liquidity_Risk | Tukey HSD | 1 | 2 | −0.1095147 | 0.0499835 | 0.077 |
3 | −0.0560833 | 0.1037283 | 0.851 | |||
2 | 1 | 0.1095147 | 0.0499835 | 0.077 | ||
3 | 0.0534314 | 0.0992983 | 0.853 | |||
3 | 1 | 0.0560833 | 0.1037283 | 0.851 | ||
2 | −0.0534314 | 0.0992983 | 0.853 | |||
Operational_Risk | Tukey HSD | 1 | 2 | −0.0253341 | 0.0242473 | 0.55 |
3 | −0.2129301 | 0.0503193 | 0.000 | |||
2 | 1 | 0.0253341 | 0.0242473 | 0.55 | ||
3 | −0.1875960 | 0.0481703 | 0.001 | |||
3 | 1 | 0.2129301 | 0.0503193 | 0.000 | ||
2 | 0.1875960 | 0.0481703 | 0.001 |
Note(s) : Based on observed means. * Statistically significant at 1%
The error term is Mean Square (Error) = 0.013. ** Statistically significant at 10%
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Declaration : The effectiveness of risk management and good corporate governance implementation is needed to enable banks to identify problems early, to follow up on rapid improvements and to be more resilient to crises. Funding : There's no specific funding in this research. Availability of data and material : The author used corporate governance as independent variable and bank risk management as dependent variable. Risk management was measured by four risks, that is, market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and operational risk. Code availability : The software used is SPSS statistical software. Conflict of interest : The author declares that there's no conflict of interest.
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In August 2018, Interpol and the Indian government filed charges against Belgian businessman Nirav Deepak Modi, who is wanted for illicit breach of confidence, deceiving, and dishonesty. The charges include illegal property dealing, corruption, criminal conspiracy, money-laundering, cheating, embezzlement, and contract breaching. Nirav is under investigation in connection with Punjab National Bank's $2 billion fraud scandal, later in March 2018, he filed for bankruptcy in The United States of America. Finally, in June 2018, he was traced in the United Kingdom, where he is living by taking political asylum. Further, in June 2019, the total assets of US$6.6 million were frozen in his Swiss Bank Account. Corporate Governance initiatives were laid down by government officials and intervention by reserve Bank was seek in the case to avoid future occurrence of such fraudulent practices.
Reddy Y.R.K. “Corporate Governance and Public Enterprises: From Heuristics to an Action Agenda in the Indian Context”, The Asci Journal Of Management, Vol.27, pp.1-24, 1998
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Sarkar J., Sarkar S, “Large Shareholder Activism in Corporate Governance in Developing Countries: Evidence from India”, International Review Of Finance, Vol.1, pp.161- 1945, 2000
Verghese K.C., “Best Practices for Corporate Governance IBA BULLETIN” pp. 13-15, 2002 [24] 141 U.S. 132 (1891). [25] 141 U.S. 132, 149 (1891), quoting In re Forest of Dean Coal Mining Co., 10 L.R.-Ch. 450, 451 (Rolls Court).
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https://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/nirav-modi-why-we-need-banking-reforms
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2012, European Scientific Journal
This paper examines the impact of corporate governance on bank performance in Nigeria during the period 2005 to 2009 based on a sample of six selected banks listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange market making use of pooled time series data. Form the findings, we observe that corporate governance have been on the low side and have impacted negatively on bank performance. The study therefore contends that strategic training for board members and senior bank managers should be embarked or improved upon, especially on courses that promote corporate governance and banking ethics.
samson ogege
Banks are the backbones of any economy therefore it is of immense importance for economies to possess a healthy and buoyant banking system with effective corporate governance practices. In Nigeria, the Central Bank replaced the past governance codes with the CBN code (2012). Therefore this study examines corporate governance and financial performance in Nigerian banks, using this new code. The main issues in this study are: what is the relationship between board size and financial performance of banks in Nigeria? What is the effect of the proportion of non-executive directors on the financial performance of banks in Nigeria? To what extent is the corporate governance disclosure of banks in Nigeria in compliance to CBN governance code (2012)? Does a relationship actually exist between banks that disclose on corporate governance and their financial performance in Nigeria? These questions were answered by examining the yearly-published reports of the listed banks in Nigeria. In examini...
International Journal of Business and Management
Jude Okonkwo
TIJ's Research Journal of Social Science & Management - RJSSM
IBRAHIM gaddafi
Corporate governance has received much attention in recent years and has been a growing topic for debate in the public domain in both developed and developing countries. This is mainly because of the many financial scandals and failures that have occurred in a number of countries. Good corporate governance is now considered crucial for regulating companies and enhancing their performance. The main objective of this research is to understand corporate governance and the impact of corporate governance on organizational performance of commercial Banks in Nigeria. Few existing studies have dealt with the role of Corporate governance in Nigeria, particularly focusing on the financial performance of some listed Banks and a specific Bank, but no emphasis has been placed on the organizational performance of commercial Banks in Nigeria.
J E S U W U N M I Caleb Adeaga Daniel (PhD)
This study empirically investigates the impact of corporate governance on deposit money banks’ performance in Nigeria in order to ascertain whether certain financial soundness indicators affect the performance (i.e. return on asset-ROA) of Deposit Money Banks-DMBs in Nigeria. These financial soundness indicators are: capital adequacy ratio (CAR), liquidity ratio (LR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), deposit money bank lending rate (DMBLR), nonperforming loan to total credit (NPLTC), and cash reserve ratio (CRR). They are surrogates for corporate governance. The population of the study comprised of 24 deposit money banks licensed by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and insured by Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The study adopted Panel Survey research design because the study examined the trend and changes in data collected; which also involved time series and cross-sectional data (that is, eight time series and twenty-four deposit money banks which is one hundred and ninety-two (192) observational pooled data). Top’s man formula was used to determined sample-size of 100 respondents. Primary and secondary data were used for the study; the primary data is derived from the questionnaires distributed to the shareholders (respondents) of deposit money banks, while the secondary data were gathered through the annual reports of NDIC and CBN statistical bulletin from 2006 to 2013, the data covered the period of eight years. The DMBs’ shareholders were classified into three nomenclature based on the banks’ paid-up capital requirement (i.e. #10billion, #25billion and #50billion for regional, national and international banks respectively). The study indicated that there is no statistical significant difference between corporate governance practices among the DMBs based on the perceptions of the shareholders and there is significant relationship between DMBs’ performance and corporate governance proxy variables and also the corporate governance proxy variables have impacted both positively and negatively on DMBs’ performance in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that CBN and NDIC should organized symposia and workshop for DMBs’ shareholders in order to increase the level of awareness, and enhance their participation in fostering good and efficient corporate governance practices in banks where they own shares. The CBN and NDIC should properly monitor from time to time the financial soundness indicators which are the bed-rock of advancing and establishing robust financial banking system in the Nigeria economy.
Emeka E. Ene
In developing economies, the banking sector among other sectors has witnessed several cases of collapses or failure; in Nigeria for instance, weak corporate governance has been at the core of all recent episodes of crisis in the banking system. This research empirically investigates the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of banks in Nigeria. The effects of relative size of non-executive directors and the board size on return on investment (ROA) of a sample of 10 selected banks were investigated. Secondary data were sourced from the Nigeria Stock Exchange fact books issued for the years 2004-2013. The ordinary least square regression technique aided by SPSS 21 was employed in estimating the relationship between the selected variables. The study revealed that the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance in Nigeria is quite significant as a unit change in the board size and the relative size of nonexecutive directors increases the return on as...
European Scientific Journal ESJ
This study extensively investigated effectiveness of corporate governance in Nigerian banks for the period 2006-2018. The study adopted secondary data obtained from annual reports of banks, Central Bank of Nigeria and Nigeria Stock Exchange. Regression analysis, unit roots and diagnostic test were used in the analysis. The Granger Causality test was applied to determine the direction of causality. The findings show that board audit committee has positive effect on net profit margin while block-shareholding and board composition has negative relationship on growth in revenue and growth in net income. It recommends optimum proportion of outside directors for effective governance impacting performance positively.
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance with particular reference to the United Bank for Africa Plc, Nigeria. It adopts three corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition and the number of board committees) and three performance variables (Return on Investment, Profit Margin and Return on Equity). Thus, panel data (from the secondary source) were collected on the corporate governance mechanisms and performance variables over a period of five years spanning from year 2006 to 2010. The multiple regression technique was used to analyze the data. The study finds that the number of board committees has significant negative relationship with Profit Margin. The size of the board does not significantly affect the return on shareholder's equity and investment in the company and lastly, the presence of more number of independent directors on the board does not significantly affect firm performance. The study recommends amongst others that bank management should establish optimum board size to accommodate diverse backgrounds and skill mix appropriate to discharge their duties to the firm. Again, banks should not waste effort in engaging more independent directors on its board but however, endeavour to engage more executive directors who possess cognate experience in the industry on its board.
ijetrm journal
Ijetrm Journal
The study examined the effect of corporate governance on bank performance in Nigeria. The study specifically investigate the extent to which board size, board independence and ownership structure influence bank performance for the period of five years which covered 2013 to 2017. Data were sourced from Annual report and statement of financial accounts of the selected companies. Panel Data econometric technique which included least squares dummy variable (LSDV), random effect model and Hausman tests were employed. The model adopted return on asset (ROA) as the dependent variables while Ownership structure (OWNSTR), Board independence (BIND), and Board size (BSIZE) were used as the explanatory variables to capture corporate governance. The study found that board independence (BIND) has positive effect on return on asset while Ownership structure (OWNSTR), and Board size (BSIZE) has a negative impact on return on asset. The study concluded that corporate governance hasinsignificant effect on bank performance. Based on the finding of the study, it was recommended that Size of the board (membership) should be increased but not exceeding the maximum number specified by the code of corporate governance for banks.
International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
Nasiru Yauri
Chief Editor
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Emmanuel I S A A C John
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATION.
Chief Alphonsus C H U K W U Ajugwe Ph.D.
francis amaeshi
AFIT Journal of Marketing Research
Chigosimuzo C Agunobi , Samuel Aku , ISAAC IRENE
Amupitan Dare , Adeoye Afolabi
Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review
Godwin Osuagwu
Nigerian Journal of Banking, Finance and Entrepreneurship Management
olorunfemi ajayi , foluso oluwole
Mercy Ogbeta
oluwatobi babalola
Panan Gwaison
UNILAG Journal of Business, 3(2), 147-170
FADUN Olajide Solomon
Prof. Stephen Ocheni
DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Sani A B D U L R A H M A N Bala
aijcrnet.com
Folasade B Adegboye
Research Journal of Finance and Accounting
Okpanachi Joshua
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This case study examines corporate governance issues at Wells Fargo and Company. The bank was embroiled in controversies due to its cross-selling tactics and the enormous pressure the management exerted on the employees to ensure its success.
the practice of corporate governance in State Bank of India. In the first part, the concepts of corporate governance like evolution of corporate governance in world and Indian scenario, role and importance of corporate governance in banking sector has been discussed. The second part analyses the practice of corporate governance as determined in ...
The corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions has gained much attention after the financial crisis. From 270 economic and legal submissions from 2012 to 2016 in the ECGI Working Paper Series of the European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), roughly half address corporate governance questions, and more than a quarter of ...
Banks are special, and so is the corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions. Empirical evidence, mostly gathered after the financial crisis, confirms this. Banks practicing good corporate governance in the traditional, shareholder-oriented style fared less well than banks having less shareholder-prone boards and less shareholder influence. The special governance of banks ...
Sonia Sharma (2014) made an analysis of the Corporate Governance Practices as a case study of ICICI Bank Ltd, the practices of the Bank are evaluated in different aspects and the compliance is ...
This case study presents a review of some of the international corporate governance principles as it reports about the voluntary guidelines on non-financial reporting in the EU. This is followed by a content analysis of the corporate governance practices of three major European banks hailing from different contexts.
This case study examines corporate governance issues at Wells Fargo and Company. The bank was embroiled in controversies due to its cross-selling tactics and the enormous pressure the manage-ment exerted on the employees to ensure its success. Investigations by media, followed by statutory agencies, revealed the creation of fake accounts ...
Corporate Governance: An International Review is a business management journal publishing cutting-edge research on corporate governance throughout the global economy. ... We also survey studies on managerial incentives in banks and their implications for bank performance and risk taking before and during the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
World Bank (2001) calculates that in the late 1990s 40 percent of the world's population lived in. countries where the majority of banks assets were held in state controlled banks.2 When the government. is the owner, this changes the character of the governance of banks. The pervasive hand of government.
The subsequent section examines the corporate governance aspect of the LIBOR episode, with Barclays Bank as a case study. It reviews the governance norms to which the bank was subject at the material time and the breaches or failures that contributed to the LIBOR episode.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and risk management of Indonesian banks.,Implementation of good corporate governance is measured by good corporate governance composite rating, which is the result of bank's self-assessment.
Corporate Governance Issues & Challenges in Banking Sector in India. D. Babjhan S. Ashok S. Atiya. Business, Economics. 2018. The corporate Governance is the set of rules, practices, process by which a company is directed. It also provides the frame work for attaining a company's objectives.
With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries.
raised questions about the corporate governance of financial institutions. Some bank managers lack an understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures. In this multiple case study, data were collected through interviews and triangulated with annual reports to explore the strategies some bank managers need to
Consumer service committee must take initiative steps to satisfactorily address customers‟ complaints. www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page Corporate Governance in Banking Sector: A Case study of State Bank of India The study found that, concentration of advances to twenty largest borrowers increased from Rs. 65,236 crores in 2010-2011 to Rs ...
Corporate Governance in Banking Sector: A Case study of State Bank of India. January 2013. DOI: 10.9790/487X-0811520. Authors: Dr. Srinivasa Rao Chilumuri Dr. Srinivasa Rao Chilumuri. To read the ...
Case study: Application of Corporate Governance Practices in the Banking Sector of the .. DOI: 10.35629/8028-1105014556 www.ijbmi.org 47 | Page Underlying all these issues is a fundamental lack of control and adherence to the rule-based system.
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Abstract. In August 2018, Interpol and the Indian government filed charges against Belgian businessman Nirav Deepak Modi, who is wanted for illicit breach of confidence, deceiving, and dishonesty. The charges include illegal property dealing, corruption, criminal conspiracy, money-laundering, cheating, embezzlement, and contract breaching.
IFC ASSESSMENT DATE. Amret Co. is a leading microfinance institution in Cambodia serving micro, small and medium enterprises and low-to-middle‐income populations with a focus on rural areas, agriculture and district and provincial cities. Amret was launched in 1991, and obtained a license to operate as a deposit-taking MFI in 2009.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether corporate governance is an important and effective technique for enhancing investors' confidence in existing and prospective companies and for ...
This paper examines the impact of corporate governance on bank performance in Nigeria during the period 2005 to 2009 based on a sample of six selected banks listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange market making use of pooled time series data. Form the ... the reverse should be the case. The background of this study, reports that corporate governance ...
1. Introduction. The company's value mirrors the wealth of its shareholders. Brigham and Houston (Citation 2021) indicate that higher FV corresponds to increased profits for shareholders.The management team is responsible for maximizing FV from company resources (Kafidipe et al., Citation 2021; Ntim & Soobaroyen, Citation 2013).Previous studies indicate that a mechanism needs to be ...
In addition to the CBY, the financial system in Yemen is comprised of 11 commercial banks (four privates domestic, five private foreign banks, two state-owned), six Islamic banks and two ...
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) announced on August 2 that it was setting up a group to assess the state of Singapore's equity market. The central bank said the key areas of investigation would include helping domestically listed companies to expand globally; attracting primary and ...