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JavaScript if...else Statement

The JavaScript if...else statement is used to execute/skip a block of code based on a condition.

Here's a quick example of the if...else statement. You can read the rest of the tutorial if you want to learn about if...else in greater detail.

In the above example, the program displays You passed the examination. if the score variable is equal to 50 . Otherwise, it displays You failed the examination.

In computer programming, the if...else statement is a conditional statement that executes a block of code only when a specific condition is met. For example,

Suppose we need to assign different grades to students based on their scores.

If a student scores above 90 , assign grade A .
If a student scores above 75 , assign grade B .
If a student scores above 65 , assign grade C .

These conditional tasks can be achieved using the if...else statement.

JavaScript if Statement

We use the if keyword to execute code based on some specific condition.

The syntax of if statement is:

The if keyword checks the condition inside the parentheses () .

If the condition is evaluated to true , the code inside { } is executed.
If the condition is evaluated to false , the code inside { } is skipped.

Note: The code inside { } is also called the body of the if statement.

Example 1: JavaScript if Statement

Sample Output 1

In the above program, when we enter 5 , the condition number > 0 evaluates to true . Thus, the body of the if statement is executed.

Sample Output 2

Again, when we enter -1 , the condition number > 0 evaluates to false . Hence, the body of the if statement is skipped.

Since console.log("nice number"); is outside the body of the if statement, it is always executed.

Note: We use comparison and logical operators in our if conditions. To learn more, you can visit JavaScript Comparison and Logical Operators .

JavaScript else Statement

We use the else keyword to execute code when the condition specified in the preceding if statement evaluates to false .

The syntax of the else statement is:

The if...else statement checks the condition and executes code in two ways:

If condition is true , the code inside if is executed. And, the code inside else is skipped.
If condition is false , the code inside if is skipped. Instead, the code inside else is executed.

Working of if-else statement in JavaScript

Example 2: JavaScript if…else Statement

In the above example, the if statement checks for the condition age >= 18 .

Since we set the value of age to 17 , the condition evaluates to false .

Thus, the code inside if is skipped. And, code inside else is executed.

We can omit { } in if…else statements when we have a single line of code to execute. For example,

JavaScript else if Statement

We can use the else if keyword to check for multiple conditions.

The syntax of the else if statement is:

First, the condition in the if statement is checked. If the condition evaluates to true , the body of if is executed, and the rest is skipped.
Otherwise, the condition in the else if statement is checked. If true , its body is executed and the rest is skipped.
Finally, if no condition matches, the block of code in else is executed.

Working of if-else ladder statement in JavaScript

Example 3: JavaScript if...else if Statement

In the above example, we used the if statement to check for the condition rating <= 2 .

Likewise, we used the else if statement to check for another condition, rating >= 4 .

Since the else if condition is satisfied, the code inside it is executed.

We can use the else if keyword as many times as we want. For example,

In the above example, we used two else if statements.

The second else if statement was executed as its condition was satisfied.

Nested if...else Statement

When we use an if...else statement inside another if...else statement, we create a nested if...else statement. For example,

Outer if...else

In the above example, the outer if condition checks if a student has passed or failed using the condition marks >= 40 . If it evaluates to false , the outer else statement will print Failed .

On the other hand, if marks >= 40 evaluates to true , the program moves to the inner if...else statement.

Inner if...else statement

The inner if condition checks whether the student has passed with distinction using the condition marks >= 80 .

If marks >= 80 evaluates to true , the inner if statement will print Distinction .

Otherwise, the inner else statement will print Passed .

Note: Avoid nesting multiple if…else statements within each other to maintain code readability and simplify debugging.

Video: JavaScript if...else

Sorry about that.

JavaScript If-Else and If-Then – JS Conditional Statements

There will be times where you will want to write commands that handle different decisions in your code.

For example, if you are coding a bot, you can have it respond with different messages based on a set of commands it receives.

In this article, I will explain what an if...else statement is and provide code examples. We will also look at the conditional (ternary) operator which you can use as a shorthand for the if...else statement.

What is an if...else statement in JavaScript?

The if...else is a type of conditional statement that will execute a block of code when the condition in the if statement is truthy . If the condition is falsy , then the else block will be executed.

Truthy and falsy values are converted to true or false in if statements.

Any value that is not defined as falsy would be considered truthy in JavaScript.

Here is a list of falsy values:

-0 (negative zero)
0n (BigInt zero)
"" , '' , `` (empty string)
NaN (not a number)

Examples of if...else statements in JavaScript

In this example, the condition for the if statement is true so the message printed to the console would be "Nick is an adult."

But if I change the age variable to be less than 18, then the condition would be false and the code would execute the else block instead.

Examples of multiple conditions (if...else if...else statements) in JavaScript

There will be times where you want to test multiple conditions. That is where the else if block comes in.

When the if statement is false , the computer will move onto the else if statement. If that is also false , then it will move onto the else block.

In this example, the else if block would be executed because Alice is between the ages of 18 and 21.

When to use switch statements over if...else statements?

There are times in JavaScript where you might consider using a switch statement instead of an if else statement.

switch statements can have a cleaner syntax over complicated if else statements.

Take a look at the example below – instead of using this long if else statement, you might choose to go with an easier to read switch statement.

switch statements will not be appropriate to use in all situations. But if you feel like the if else statements are long and complicated, then a switch statement could be an alternative option.

The logical AND (&&) operator and if...else statements in JavaScript

In the logical AND ( && ) operator, if both conditions are true , then the if block will be executed. If one or both of the conditions are false , then the else block will be executed.

In this example, since age is greater than 16 and the ownsCar variable is true , the if block will run. The message printed to the console will be "Jerry is old enough to drive and has his own car."

If I change the age variable to be less than 16, then both conditions are no longer true and the else block would be executed instead.

The logical OR (||) operator and if...else statements in JavaScript

In the logical OR ( || ) operator, if one or both of the conditions are true , then the code inside the if statement will execute.

In this example, even though the isSale variable is set to false , the code inside the if block will still execute because the boyfriendIsPaying variable is set to true .

If I were to change the value of the boyfriendIsPaying variable to false , then the else block would execute because both conditions are false .

The logical NOT (!) operator and if...else statements in JavaScript

The logical NOT ( ! ) operator will take something that is true and make it false . It will also take something that is false and make it true .

We can modify the example from earlier to use the ! operator to make the boyfriendIsPaying variable false . Since both conditions are false , the else block would be executed.

Conditional (ternary) operator in JavaScript

If you have a short if else statement, then you might choose to go with the ternary operator. The word ternary means something composed of three parts.

This is the basic syntax for a ternary operator:

The condition goes before the ? mark and if it is true , then the code between the ? mark and : would execute. If the condition is false , then the code after the : would execute.

In this example, since age is greater than 18, then the message to the console would be "Can vote".

This is what the code would look like using an if else statement:

if else statements will execute a block of code when the condition in the if statement is truthy . If the condition is falsy , then the else block will be executed.

There will be times where you want to test multiple conditions and you can use an if...else if...else statement.

If you feel like the if else statement is long and complicated, then a switch statement could be an alternative option.

Using logical operators to test multiple conditions can replace nested if else statements.

The ternary operator can be used to write shorter code for a simple if else statement.

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Conditional Statements in JavaScript

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JavaScript conditional statements allow you to execute specific blocks of code based on conditions. If the condition is met, a particular block of code will run; otherwise, another block of code will execute based on the condition.

There are several methods that can be used to perform Conditional Statements in JavaScript.

Conditional Statement	Description
if statement	Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
else statement	Executes a block of code if the same condition of the preceding if statement is false.
else if statement	Adds more conditions to the if statement, allowing for multiple alternative conditions to be tested.
switch statement	Evaluates an expression, then executes the case statement that matches the expression’s value.
ternary operator	Provides a concise way to write if-else statements in a single line.
Nested if else statement	Allows for multiple conditions to be checked in a hierarchical manner.

This table outlines the key characteristics and use cases of each type of conditional statement. Now let’s understand each conditional statement in detail along with the examples.

JavaScript Conditional statements Examples:

1. using if statement.

The if statement is used to evaluate a particular condition. If the condition holds true, the associated code block is executed.

Example: In this example, we are using the if statement to find given number is even or odd.

Explanation: This JavaScript code determines if the variable `num` is even or odd using the modulo operator `%`. If `num` is divisible by 2 without a remainder, it logs “Given number is even number.” Otherwise, it logs “Given number is odd number.”

2. Using if-else Statement

The if-else statement will perform some action for a specific condition. Here we are using the else statement in which the else statement is written after the if statement and it has no condition in their code block.

Example: In this example, we are using if-else conditional statement to check the driving licence eligibility date.

Explanation: This JavaScript code checks if the variable `age` is greater than or equal to 18. If true, it logs “You are eligible for a driving license.” Otherwise, it logs “You are not eligible for a driving license.” This indicates eligibility for driving based on age.

3. else if Statement

The else if statement in JavaScript allows handling multiple possible conditions and outputs, evaluating more than two options based on whether the conditions are true or false.

Example: In this example, we are using the above-explained approach.

Explanation: This JavaScript code determines whether the constant `num` is positive, negative, or zero. If `num` is greater than 0, it logs “Given number is positive.” If `num` is less than 0, it logs “Given number is negative.” If neither condition is met (i.e., `num` is zero), it logs “Given number is zero.”

4. Using Switch Statement (JavaScript Switch Case)

As the number of conditions increases, you can use multiple else-if statements in JavaScript. but when we dealing with many conditions, the switch statement may be a more preferred option.

Example: In this example, we find a branch name Based on the student’s marks, this switch statement assigns a specific engineering branch to the variable Branch. The output displays the student’s branch name,

Explanation:

This JavaScript code assigns a branch of engineering to a student based on their marks. It uses a switch statement with cases for different mark ranges. The student’s branch is determined according to their marks and logged to the console.

5. Using Ternary Operator ( ?: )

The conditional operator, also referred to as the ternary operator (?:), is a shortcut for expressing conditional statements in JavaScript.

Example: In this example, we use the ternary operator to check if the user’s age is 18 or older. It prints eligibility for voting based on the condition.

Explanation: This JavaScript code checks if the variable `age` is greater than or equal to 18. If true, it assigns the string “You are eligible to vote.” to the variable `result`. Otherwise, it assigns “You are not eligible to vote.” The value of `result` is then logged to the console.

6. Nested if…else

Nested if…else statements in JavaScript allow us to create complex conditional logic by checking multiple conditions in a hierarchical manner. Each if statement can have an associated else block, and within each if or else block, you can nest another if…else statement. This nesting can continue to multiple levels, but it’s important to maintain readability and avoid excessive complexity.

Example: This example demonstrates how nested if…else statements can be used to handle different scenarios based on multiple conditions.

Explanation: In this example, the outer if statement checks the weather variable. If it’s “sunny,” it further checks the temperature variable to determine the type of day it is (hot, warm, or cool). Depending on the values of weather and temperature, different messages will be logged to the console.

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Conditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions.

Conditional Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions.

You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.

In JavaScript we have the following conditional statements:

Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true
Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false
Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false
Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed

The switch statement is described in the next chapter.

The if Statement

Use the if statement to specify a block of JavaScript code to be executed if a condition is true.

Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate a JavaScript error.

Make a "Good day" greeting if the hour is less than 18:00:

The result of greeting will be:

The else Statement

Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false.

If the hour is less than 18, create a "Good day" greeting, otherwise "Good evening":

The else if Statement

Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.

If time is less than 10:00, create a "Good morning" greeting, if not, but time is less than 20:00, create a "Good day" greeting, otherwise a "Good evening":

More Examples

Random link This example will write a link to either W3Schools or to the World Wildlife Foundation (WWF). By using a random number, there is a 50% chance for each of the links.

Test Yourself With Exercises

Fix the if statement to alert "Hello World" if x is greater than y .

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JavaScript if else if

Summary : In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the JavaScript if...else...if statement to check multiple conditions and execute the corresponding block if a condition is true .

Introduction to the JavaScript if else if statement

The if an if…else statements accepts a single condition and executes the if or else block accordingly based on the condition.

To check multiple conditions and execute the corresponding block if a condition is true , you use the if...else...if statement like this:

In this syntax, the if...else...if statement has three conditions. In theory, you can have as many conditions as you want to, where each else...if branch has a condition.

The if...else...if statement checks the conditions from top to bottom and executes the corresponding block if the condition is true .

The if...else...if statement stops evaluating the remaining conditions as soon as a condition is true . For example, if the condition2 is true , the if...else...if statement won’t evaluate the condition3 .

If all the conditions are false , the if...else...if statement executes the block in the else branch.

The following flowchart illustrates how the if...else...if statement works:

JavaScript if else if examples

Let’s take some examples of using the if...else...if statement.

1) A simple JavaScript if…else…if statement example

The following example uses the if...else...if statement to get the month name from a month number:

In this example, we compare the month with 12 numbers from 1 to 12 and assign the corresponding month name to the monthName variable.

Since the month is 6 , the expression month==6 evaluates to true . Therefore, the if...else...if statement assigns the literal string 'Jun' to the monthName variable. Therefore, you see Jun in the console.

If you change the month to a number that is not between 1 and 12, you’ll see the Invalid Month in the console because the else clause will execute.

2) Using JavaScript if…else…if statement to calculate the body mass index

The following example calculates the body mass index (BMI) of a person. It uses the if...else...if statement to determine the weight status based on the BMI:

How it works.

First, declare two variables that hold the weight in kilograms and height in meters. In a real-world application, you’ll get these values from a web form.
Second, calculate the body mass index by dividing the weight by the square of the height.
Third, determine the weight status based on the BMI using the if...else..if statement.
Finally, output the weight status to the console.
Use the JavaScript if...else...if statement to check multiple conditions and execute the corresponding block if a condition is true .

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Boston Celtics Player Makes Concerning Statement Before NBA Finals Game 5

Joey linn | jun 16, 2024.

Jun 12, 2024; Dallas, Texas, USA; Boston Celtics bench reacts to a play during the third quarter in game three of the 2024 NBA Finals against the Dallas Mavericks at American Airlines Center.

Memphis Grizzlies
Boston Celtics

After missing their opportunity to sweep the NBA Finals, the Boston Celtics will look to close the Dallas Mavericks out on their home floor in Game 5. Closing out a series is never easy, especially in the NBA Finals, and will be even more difficult if Boston is without star forward Kristaps Porzingis.

Listed as available for Game 4, Porzingis did not see any action, as Celtics head coach Joe Mazzulla said he would only be used in specific instances. Dealing with a very unique injury, Porzingis is doing all he can to be out there for his team, but is clearly limited right now.

Speaking with reporters on Sunday, Celtics forward Xavier Tillman gave a concerning update on Porzingis, saying there has not been much visible improvement with his injury.

"When we go through our practices and stuff like that, he's doing some stuff, but you can still tell that he's very uncomfortable," Tillman admitted. "Like I said, we don't want to put him in any type of situation that could really hurt him."

Asked Xavier Tillman about how Kristaps Porzingis has looked at practice. "He's doing some stuff but you can still tell he's very uncomfortable." 😬 pic.twitter.com/oRE3XOly5o — John Zannis (@John_Zannis) June 16, 2024

Tillman was acquired from the Memphis Grizzlies at this past trade deadline, and while he has not played much, the forward has provided some solid minutes.

As for Porzingis, he returned from an extended injury absence at the start of this series, and was absolutely fantastic. Boston has learned to play without him this postseason, but there is no denying they are a much better team when he is available to play his usual minutes.

Memphis Grizzlies Projected to Acquire Intriguing Ja Morant Backup

Cleveland Cavaliers Star Named 'Ambitious' Trade Target for Memphis Grizzlies

Memphis Grizzlies Legend Sends Strong Ja Morant Message to NBA

Title: Credentialed writer covering the NBA for Sports Illustrated's FanNation Email: [email protected] Education: Communication Studies degree from Biola University Location: Los Angeles, California Expertise: NBA analysis and reporting Experience: Joey Linn is a credentialed writer covering the NBA for Sports Illustrated's FanNation. Covering the LA Clippers independently in 2018, then for Fansided and 213Hoops from 2019-2021, Joey joined Sports Illustrated's FanNation to cover the Clippers after the 2020-21 season. Graduating from Biola University in 2022 with a Communication Studies degree, Joey served as Biola's play-by-play announcer for their basketball, baseball, softball, and soccer teams during his time in school. Joey's work on Biola's broadcasts, combined with his excellence in the classroom, earned him the Outstanding Communication Studies Student of the year award in 2022. Joey covers the NBA full-time across multiple platforms, primarily serving as a credentialed Clippers beat writer.

New York State Senator Monica R. Martinez

Chair, Local Government Committee

( D, WF ) 4th Senate District

Funding for the Fourth

Monica R. Martinez

June 18, 2024

community organizations
Grant Funding
Suffolk County

File Senator Martinez announces grants awarded to S.D. 4 organizations

New York State Senator Monica R. Martinez announced that $35,000 has been allocated to three community-based programs in the Fourth Senatorial District. The funding secured by Senator Martinez will go to the Amityville Union Free School District, Citizenship Initiative for Change, and the Suffolk County Police Athletic League, Inc. for:

Amityville UFSD: Awarded $10,000 to enhance their environmental research center for students. This center will provide students with hands-on learning opportunities in environmental science and sustainability.
Citizenship Initiative for Change: Granted $10,000 to assist minority groups in navigating the citizenship examination process. This initiative aims to empower individuals by providing resources and support essential for successful citizenship attainment.
Suffolk County Police Athletic League, Inc.: Received $15,000 to expand mentoring and camp programs. These programs are designed to provide underserved youth with positive role models, educational activities, and recreational opportunities in communities of need.

"I am proud to have had the opportunity to support these initiatives that will provide important services within our community,” said Senator Martinez. "This funding will help each organization fulfill its mission and improve lives within the Fourth Senatorial District."

This announcement includes the first grants to be released from funding provided through the state’s Fiscal Year 2025 budget, adopted earlier this spring. Additional award announcements are expected throughout the summer.

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Senator Martinez Joins Attorney General James to Unveil New Funding for Suffolk Youth Anti-Vaping Programs

June 13, 2024

Senator Monica R. Martinez joins Attorney General Letitia James to present a check to Suffolk County officials to fund youth anti-vaping programs.

Statement from Senator Martinez on Indefinite Implementation Delay of Manhattan Congestion Pricing Program

June 5, 2024

Highway signs for Uptown and Downtown exits from Lincoln Tunnel.

Senadora Martínez se congratula con el el retraso indefinido del plan de precios de anti congestionamiento en la Ciudad de Nueva York

2024 women of distinction honoree, ways we can make every day earth day, subscribe to senator monica r. martinez's newsletter.

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How do you use the ? : (conditional) operator in JavaScript?

What is the ?: (question mark and colon operator aka. conditional or "ternary") operator and how can I use it?

conditional-operator

8 Fun fact: some languages (namely Groovy ) actually have an operand ?: (as you've written it, with no statement between) - the Elvis operator . Pretty clever. – Rob Hruska Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:33
1 possible duplicate of javascript if alternative – Rob Hruska Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:35

20 Answers 20

This is a one-line shorthand for an if-else statement. It's called the conditional operator. 1

Here is an example of code that could be shortened with the conditional operator:

This can be shortened with the ?: like so:

Like all expressions, the conditional operator can also be used as a standalone statement with side-effects, though this is unusual outside of minification:

They can even be chained:

Be careful, though, or you will end up with convoluted code like this:

1 Often called "the ternary operator," but in fact it's just a ternary operator [an operator accepting three operands]. It's the only one JavaScript currently has, though.

67 Just to clarify the name: ternary is the type of operator (i.e. it has 3 parts). The name of that specific ternary operator is the conditional operator . There just happens to only be one ternary operator in JS so the terms get misused. – iCollect.it Ltd Commented Nov 10, 2014 at 10:12
1 @tryingToGetProgrammingStraight ternary form is technically an expression, and expressions can contain other expressions to form expression trees. that code right there is what an expression tree looks like :) see: fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/expressions-vs-statements – Alexander Troup Commented Nov 15, 2015 at 13:00
2 Strongly recommend updating the example for the common use case, not a side-effect use case frequently cited as an abusage of the operator. – T.J. Crowder Commented Sep 15, 2016 at 18:30
8 Not sure why there is a little grammar blurb at the bottom, but it is incorrect. If javascript only has 1 of a type of operator, then it is definitely correct to say THE ternary operator and not A ternary operator... Saying "this ternary operator is A ternary operator in javascript (and it is the only one)" is silly, just use THE and it implies all of that. – Andrew Commented Feb 17, 2017 at 14:30
1 @MarkCarpenterJr In JavaScript the typical way to do that is with the || operator, since it short-circuits if the value on the left is truthy. – Peter Olson Commented Oct 18, 2017 at 14:11

I want to add some to the given answers.

In case you encounter (or want to use) a ternary in a situation like 'display a variable if it's set, else...', you can make it even shorter, without a ternary .

Instead of:

You can use:

This is Javascripts equivallent of PHP's shorthand ternary operator ?:

It evaluates the variable, and if it's false or unset, it goes on to the next.

7 I was struggling with ternary and eventually found this answer. Thank you! – Ljubisa Livac Commented Jul 28, 2017 at 19:27
If I were not to use the braces around the ternary operator in 'Hello ' + (username ? username : 'guest') , Hello + if ignored and just the outcome of ternary operation is returned. Can anyone explain why? – Shiva Commented Aug 15, 2019 at 16:53
4 @Shiva Without the brackes, it evalutes the whole left part: 'Hello ' + username , which is always true , because it's a string with a length greater than 0. – Jeffrey Roosendaal Commented Aug 15, 2019 at 23:00

It's called the 'ternary' or 'conditional' operator.

The ?: operator can be used as a shortcut for an if...else statement. It is typically used as part of a larger expression where an if...else statement would be awkward. For example:

The example creates a string containing "Good evening." if it is after 6pm. The equivalent code using an if...else statement would look as follows:

From MSDN JS documentation .

Basically it's a shorthand conditional statement.

Operator precedence with Javascript Ternary operator

7 It's actually called the conditional operator. – ChaosPandion Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:13
1 @Michael - That's because it is a ternary operator but that isn't it's formal name. Conceivably a future version of JavaScript could introduce a new ternary operator. – ChaosPandion Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:19
6 Its a ternary conditional operator – Petah Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:20
1 @ChaosPandion link to a reference or it didn't happen. – Michael Robinson Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:22
5 @Michael - Please see section 11.12 Conditional Operator ( ? : ) of the specification: ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-262.pdf – ChaosPandion Commented Jun 7, 2011 at 2:25

It's a little hard to google when all you have are symbols ;) The terms to use are "JavaScript conditional operator".

If you see any more funny symbols in JavaScript, you should try looking up JavaScript's operators first: Mozilla Developer Center's list of operators . The one exception you're likely to encounter is the $ symbol .

To answer your question, conditional operators replace simple if statements. An example is best:

Most of the answers are correct but I want to add little more. The ternary operator is right-associative, which means it can be chained in the following way if … else-if … else-if … else :

Equivalent to:

More details is here

I landed here while wondering if there's any compatibility issue in using the chained format which could lead to any side-effect as it used to be for nested ternary operators. It seems to be fully supported since its born, don't know if you have any additional info. – Brigo Commented Oct 11, 2020 at 9:04

is equivalent to

except, of course, it's shorter.

Ternary Operator

Commonly we have conditional statements in Javascript.

but it contain two or more lines and cannot assign to a variable. Javascript have a solution for this Problem Ternary Operator . Ternary Operator can write in one line and assign to a variable.

This Ternary operator is Similar in C programming language.

It is called the ternary operator

7 It is called the conditional operator. It happens to be the sole example of a ternary operator in the language. – Lightness Races in Orbit Commented Dec 12, 2013 at 12:07
2 tmp = foo == 1 does the same thing so it would be enough – Robert Varga Commented Jan 21, 2018 at 12:45

Hey mate just remember js works by evaluating to either true or false, right?

let's take a ternary operator :

First, js checks whether questionAnswered is true or false .

if true ( ? ) you will get "Awesome!"

else ( : ) you will get "damn";

Hope this helps friend :)

Ternary expressions are very useful in JS, especially React. Here's a simplified answer to the many good, detailed ones provided.

Think of expressionIfTrue as the OG if statement rendering true; think of expressionIfFalse as the else statement.

this checked the value of x, the first y=(value) returned if true, the second return after the colon : returned y=(value) if false.

this should be y = (x == 1) ? x : z – konsumer Commented Sep 19, 2021 at 8:56

It's an if statement all on one line.

The expression to be evaluated is in the ( )

If it matches true, execute the code after the ?

If it matches false, execute the code after the :

var x=1; y = (x == 1) ? true : false; – augurone Commented Apr 4, 2014 at 0:23

The conditional (ternary) operator is the only JavaScript operator that takes three operands. This operator is frequently used as a shortcut for the if statement.

If condition is true, the operator returns the value of expr1; otherwise, it returns the value of expr2.

For more clarification please read MDN document link

We can use with Jquery as well as length as below example :

Suppose we have GuarantorName textbox which has value and want to get firstname and lastname- it may be null. So rathar than

We can use below code with Jquery with minimum code var gnamesplit = $("#txtGuarantorName").val().split(" "); var gLastName = gnamesplit.length > 0 ? gnamesplit[0] : ""; var gFirstName = gnamesplit.length > 1 ? gnamesplit[1] : ""; $("#txtLastName").val(gLastName); $("#txtFirstName").val(gFirstName); <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <div > Guarantor Name: <input type="text" id="txtGuarantorName" value="ASP.NET Core" /><br/> <br/> <br/> First Name: <input type="text" id="txtLastName" value="ASP.NET Core" /> Last Name: <input type="text" id="txtFirstName" value="ASP.NET Core" /> </div>

By using Ternary operator, write a program to Print “Even Number”, if the number is even or Print “Odd Number”, if the number is odd.

let a = 13; let b = a%2!==0 ? "is Odd number" : "is Even number"; // let b = a%2==0 ? "is Even number" : "is Odd number"; console.log(a+" "+b);

Output : 13 is Odd number

It's called the ternary operator . For some more info, here's another question I answered regarding this:

How to write an IF else statement without 'else'

5 Actually ternary is the type of operator (i.e. it has 3 parts). The name of that specific ternary operator is the conditional operator . There just happens to only be one ternary operator in JS so the terms get misused. – iCollect.it Ltd Commented Nov 10, 2014 at 10:10

This is probably not exactly the most elegant way to do this. But for someone who is not familiar with ternary operators, this could prove useful. My personal preference is to do 1-liner fallbacks instead of condition-blocks.

If you have one condition check instance function in javascript . it's easy to use ternary operator . which will only need one single line to implement. Ex:

a function like this with one condition can be written as follow.

condition ? if True : if False

2 it would be clearer to just return this.page = this.module=== 'Main' . it's already a boolean. – konsumer Commented Sep 19, 2021 at 8:56

Ternary operator is just a simple way to write if else condition. It is widely used in ReactJS.

For Example:

const x = 'foo'; // Instead of if else use this x === 'foo' ? alert('True') : alert('False'); // Output // alert box will prompt 'True'

As it’s currently written, your answer is unclear. Please edit to add additional details that will help others understand how this addresses the question asked. You can find more information on how to write good answers in the help center . – Community Bot Commented Apr 11, 2022 at 18:57

you can append html also with ternary operator – Chandrashekhar Komati Commented Mar 31, 2017 at 8:56
thats really not how you should write ternary assignment and also use === not == other wise you might as well just do sunday ? .it should be sun = "<span class='label " + ((sunday === 'True' ? 'label-success' : 'label-danger') + "'>S</span>" – TheRealMrCrowley Commented May 5, 2017 at 18:02
the whole point of the conditional ternary is to shorten conditional assignment values otherwise you should just use an if statement – TheRealMrCrowley Commented May 5, 2017 at 18:05
now tell me this one is correct or not . if you say wrong then still this is working and i am using my project.. – Chandrashekhar Komati Commented May 8, 2017 at 7:28
I know it "works" how you have it in the first example, but so does what I've provided that you put as the second version. Notice how much unnecessary duplication there is in the top version vs the one I gave you. JS is code that gets sent to the browser, so code length matters – TheRealMrCrowley Commented May 11, 2017 at 22:09

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Control flow and error handling

JavaScript supports a compact set of statements, specifically control flow statements, that you can use to incorporate a great deal of interactivity in your application. This chapter provides an overview of these statements.

The JavaScript reference contains exhaustive details about the statements in this chapter. The semicolon ( ; ) character is used to separate statements in JavaScript code.

Any JavaScript expression is also a statement. See Expressions and operators for complete information about expressions.

Block statement

The most basic statement is a block statement , which is used to group statements. The block is delimited by a pair of curly braces:

Block statements are commonly used with control flow statements ( if , for , while ).

Here, { x++; } is the block statement.

Note: var -declared variables are not block-scoped, but are scoped to the containing function or script, and the effects of setting them persist beyond the block itself. For example:

This outputs 2 because the var x statement within the block is in the same scope as the var x statement before the block. (In C or Java, the equivalent code would have output 1 .)

This scoping effect can be mitigated by using let or const .

Conditional statements

A conditional statement is a set of commands that executes if a specified condition is true. JavaScript supports two conditional statements: if...else and switch .

if...else statement

Use the if statement to execute a statement if a logical condition is true . Use the optional else clause to execute a statement if the condition is false .

An if statement looks like this:

Here, the condition can be any expression that evaluates to true or false . (See Boolean for an explanation of what evaluates to true and false .)

If condition evaluates to true , statement_1 is executed. Otherwise, statement_2 is executed. statement_1 and statement_2 can be any statement, including further nested if statements.

You can also compound the statements using else if to have multiple conditions tested in sequence, as follows:

In the case of multiple conditions, only the first logical condition which evaluates to true will be executed. To execute multiple statements, group them within a block statement ( { /* … */ } ).

Best practice

In general, it's good practice to always use block statements— especially when nesting if statements:

In general it's good practice to not have an if...else with an assignment like x = y as a condition:

However, in the rare case you find yourself wanting to do something like that, the while documentation has a Using an assignment as a condition section with guidance on a general best-practice syntax you should know about and follow.

Falsy values

The following values evaluate to false (also known as Falsy values):

the empty string ( "" )

All other values—including all objects—evaluate to true when passed to a conditional statement.

Note: Do not confuse the primitive boolean values true and false with the true and false values of the Boolean object!

For example:

In the following example, the function checkData returns true if the number of characters in a Text object is three. Otherwise, it displays an alert and returns false .

switch statement

A switch statement allows a program to evaluate an expression and attempt to match the expression's value to a case label. If a match is found, the program executes the associated statement.

A switch statement looks like this:

JavaScript evaluates the above switch statement as follows:

The program first looks for a case clause with a label matching the value of expression and then transfers control to that clause, executing the associated statements.
If a default clause is found, the program transfers control to that clause, executing the associated statements.
If no default clause is found, the program resumes execution at the statement following the end of switch .
(By convention, the default clause is written as the last clause, but it does not need to be so.)

break statements

The optional break statement associated with each case clause ensures that the program breaks out of switch once the matched statement is executed, and then continues execution at the statement following switch . If break is omitted, the program continues execution inside the switch statement (and will execute statements under the next case , and so on).

In the following example, if fruitType evaluates to 'Bananas' , the program matches the value with case 'Bananas' and executes the associated statement. When break is encountered, the program exits the switch and continues execution from the statement following switch . If break were omitted, the statement for case 'Cherries' would also be executed.

Exception handling statements

You can throw exceptions using the throw statement and handle them using the try...catch statements.

throw statement

Try...catch statement, exception types.

Just about any object can be thrown in JavaScript. Nevertheless, not all thrown objects are created equal. While it is common to throw numbers or strings as errors, it is frequently more effective to use one of the exception types specifically created for this purpose:

ECMAScript exceptions
DOMException

Use the throw statement to throw an exception. A throw statement specifies the value to be thrown:

You may throw any expression, not just expressions of a specific type. The following code throws several exceptions of varying types:

The try...catch statement marks a block of statements to try, and specifies one or more responses should an exception be thrown. If an exception is thrown, the try...catch statement catches it.

The try...catch statement consists of a try block, which contains one or more statements, and a catch block, containing statements that specify what to do if an exception is thrown in the try block.

In other words, you want the try block to succeed—but if it does not, you want control to pass to the catch block. If any statement within the try block (or in a function called from within the try block) throws an exception, control immediately shifts to the catch block. If no exception is thrown in the try block, the catch block is skipped. The finally block executes after the try and catch blocks execute but before the statements following the try...catch statement.

The following example uses a try...catch statement. The example calls a function that retrieves a month name from an array based on the value passed to the function. If the value does not correspond to a month number ( 1 – 12 ), an exception is thrown with the value 'InvalidMonthNo' and the statements in the catch block set the monthName variable to 'unknown' .

The catch block

You can use a catch block to handle all exceptions that may be generated in the try block.

The catch block specifies an identifier ( exception in the preceding syntax) that holds the value specified by the throw statement. You can use this identifier to get information about the exception that was thrown.

JavaScript creates this identifier when the catch block is entered. The identifier lasts only for the duration of the catch block. Once the catch block finishes executing, the identifier no longer exists.

For example, the following code throws an exception. When the exception occurs, control transfers to the catch block.

Note: When logging errors to the console inside a catch block, using console.error() rather than console.log() is advised for debugging. It formats the message as an error, and adds it to the list of error messages generated by the page.

The finally block

The finally block contains statements to be executed after the try and catch blocks execute. Additionally, the finally block executes before the code that follows the try…catch…finally statement.

It is also important to note that the finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. If an exception is thrown, however, the statements in the finally block execute even if no catch block handles the exception that was thrown.

You can use the finally block to make your script fail gracefully when an exception occurs. For example, you may need to release a resource that your script has tied up.

The following example opens a file and then executes statements that use the file. (Server-side JavaScript allows you to access files.) If an exception is thrown while the file is open, the finally block closes the file before the script fails. Using finally here ensures that the file is never left open, even if an error occurs.

If the finally block returns a value, this value becomes the return value of the entire try…catch…finally production, regardless of any return statements in the try and catch blocks:

Overwriting of return values by the finally block also applies to exceptions thrown or re-thrown inside of the catch block:

Nesting try...catch statements

You can nest one or more try...catch statements.

If an inner try block does not have a corresponding catch block:

it must contain a finally block, and
the enclosing try...catch statement's catch block is checked for a match.

For more information, see nested try-blocks on the try...catch reference page.

Utilizing Error objects

Depending on the type of error, you may be able to use the name and message properties to get a more refined message.

The name property provides the general class of Error (such as DOMException or Error ), while message generally provides a more succinct message than one would get by converting the error object to a string.

If you are throwing your own exceptions, in order to take advantage of these properties (such as if your catch block doesn't discriminate between your own exceptions and system ones), you can use the Error constructor.

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Homeowner Protection Act, 2024

Bulletin content.

The Homeowner Protection Act, 2024 (“ HPA ”) came into force on June 6, 2024. The HPA amended the Personal Property Security Act (“ PPSA ”) to provide that a Notice of Security Interest (“ NOSI ”) may not be registered in the Land Registry in respect of collateral that is consumer goods. Consumer goods are defined in the PPSA as goods that are used or acquired for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes. Section 54 of the PPSA was also amended to add subsection 7, which provides that all NOSIs in respect of collateral that is consumer goods, or extensions thereof, that were in effect immediately before the day HPA received Royal Assent are deemed to have expired on that day.

The new subsection 54 (8) of the PPSA provides that consumer NOSIs that have either been deemed to have expired pursuant to s. 54 (7) or have otherwise expired before the HPA received Royal Assent may be deleted by the registration of an application in the form and manner approved by the Director of Titles.

This Bulletin sets out additional registration requirements for NOSIs in respect of collateral that is not consumer goods, as well as the approved form and procedure for the deletion of expired consumer NOSIs .

Registration of NOSIs

NOSIs in respect of collateral that is consumer goods may no longer be registered in the Land Registry. Effective June 6, 2024, all electronically registered NOSIs must include a law statement confirming compliance with subsection 54 (1.1) and 54 (1) of the PPSA. Statement 62 must be selected and the following text entered:

I (name), solicitor, make the following law statement. This notice of security interest is not in respect of consumer goods and may be registered pursuant to s. 54 of the Personal Property Security Act.

For land registered under the Registry Act , an affidavit from the solicitor for the applicant, confirming that the NOSI does not relate to consumer goods and complies with s. 54 of the PPSA, must be attached to the NOSI submitted for registration.

All other requirements and procedures with respect to the registration of NOSIs remain unchanged.

Any NOSIs submitted, but uncertified as of the date of this Bulletin, will be returned for correction for the addition of the required law statement confirming that the NOSI is not in relation to collateral that is consumer goods. If the NOSI is a consumer NOSI the statement cannot be made and the document will be withdrawn.

Registration of Discharges of a Security Interest

Secured parties may continue to electronically register discharges of NOSIs in respect of collateral that is consumer goods using the Discharge of An Interest document type. There are no changes to the registration requirements with respect to discharges of NOSIs .

Application to Delete a NOSI in the Land Titles System

Deemed Expired NOSIs

Consumer NOSIs that have been deemed to have expired pursuant to s. 54(7) of the PPSA may be deleted by registered application. Applications in Land Titles must use the Application to Amend the Register document type.

The applicant must be the registered owner. One owner may be the applicant notwithstanding there may be multiple registered owners of the property. One application may be used to delete one NOSI and all related registered assignments and/or extensions of that particular NOSI . If more than one NOSI is to be deleted, separate applications for each NOSI will be required. Statement 3602 must be selected and the owner should specify that the application is being made pursuant to s. 75 of the Land Titles Act to delete the NOSI and related assignments and/or extensions thereof. All documents to be deleted must be identified by instrument number. Statement 62 must also be selected and the following law statement must be entered:

I (name), solicitor for the applicant, make the following law statement. The notice of security interest registered as (instrument no.) is in respect of collateral that is consumer goods. It has been deemed to have expired pursuant to s. 54(7) of the Personal Property Security Act.

The lawyer who makes the law statement must be the same lawyer who submits the document for registration.

Expired NOSIs

A NOSI that has an expiry date that has passed, and has not been extended by registration of a notice of extension, may be deleted by an application without a law statement, as set out in Bulletin 2022-04.

Application to Delete a deemed expired NOSI in the Registry System

A Document General, as prescribed under the Land Registration Reform Act , may be used for an application to delete a NOSI registered against land governed by the Registry Act . Box 4 must identify the document as a “Notice pursuant to s. 54(8) of the Personal Property Security Act”. Box 9 should include the instrument number of the NOSI to be deleted and the instrument numbers of any assignments or extensions of that NOSI. Box 10 must include the owner(s) name. One owner may be the applicant notwithstanding there may be multiple owners of the property. An affidavit of the solicitor for the applicant(s) (party from) must be attached or entered into Box 8. The affidavit must contain an unequivocal statement that the NOSI (identified by instrument no.) is in respect of collateral that is consumer goods and that it has been deemed to have expired pursuant to s. 54 (7) of the PPSA. No second party (party to) is required.

To the extent that this Bulletin conflicts with Bulletin 93005 or any other bulletins, memoranda or directions, the provisions of this Bulletin prevail.

Original signed by

Rebecca Hockridge Director of Titles

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WASHINGTON - Today, Congressman Rob Wittman (VA-01) released the following statement in response to President Biden's executive action stopping the deportation of 500,000 illegal immigrants currently living in the United States: "President Biden campaigned on a platform of relaxing border security, so his executive action today is no surprise. Once again, the Biden administration is ...
Control flow and error handling
JavaScript supports a compact set of statements, specifically control flow statements, that you can use to incorporate a great deal of interactivity in your application. This chapter provides an overview of these statements. The JavaScript reference contains exhaustive details about the statements in this chapter.
Homeowner Protection Act, 2024
Statement 3602 must be selected and the owner should specify that the application is being made pursuant to s. 75 of the Land Titles Act to delete the NOSI and related assignments and/or extensions thereof. All documents to be deleted must be identified by instrument number.

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