Search algorithms in the mind? What memory-scanning can tell us about mental algorithms!
How the brain makes memories
COMMENTS
Memory-Scanning: Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-Time Experiments
I will review informally eight experiments on the retrieval of information from human memory, whose interpretation depended on inferences from the structure of reaction time (RT) data to the organization of mental processes. The experiments have led to the discovery of two kinds of memory search that people use in the retrieval of information from short memorized lists. The present paper ...
PDF Memory-scanning: Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-time Experiments
The data show also that memory-scanning can proceed at a remarkably high rate. The slope of the mean RT-function, which is an estimate of the time per comparison, was 38 msec, indicating an average scanning rate between 25 and 30 digits per second. Perhaps because of its high speed, the scanning process seems not to.
Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
PDF | On Feb 1, 1969, S Sternberg published Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
The FLM proved suitable to investigate the association between the speed of short-term memory scanning and intelligence and found no evidence for a linear increase, but a general increase from the smallest set size to the two larger ones. Expand. 5. Highly Influenced. [PDF] 10 Excerpts.
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Skip to main page content An official website of the United States government ...
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
Fig. 5. Some properties of exhaustive (top) and self-terminating (bottom) serial search. Left: Theoretical RT-f unctions (mean latencies of positive and negative responses as functions of length of list). Right: Theoretical serial-position functions (mean latency of positive responses as a function of serial position of test item in a list of given length). - "Memory-scanning: mental processes ...
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. ... mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Sternberg S. American Scientist, 01 Jan 1969, 57(4): 421-457 ... A dynamic model of reaction time in a short-term memory task. Cooney JB, Troyer R. J Exp Child Psychol, 58(2) ...
Meaning, Memory Structure, and Mental Processes
glass, a.l., effect of some and all on reaction-time for semantic decisions, memory & cognition 2 ... mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments, american scientist 57: 421 (1969). google scholar. sternberg, s, memory scanning - new findings and current controversies, quarterly journal of experimental psychology 27: 1 (1975). google ...
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
Fig. 25. Results of Exp. 8: Context-recognition. Averaged data from six sub jects. Mean latencies of correct same-order and reversed-order responses, and their mean, with lines fitted by least squares. - "Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments."
Memory Scanning: New Findings and Current Controversies
Retrieval from recent memory: some reaction-time experiments and a search theory Bryn Mawr Paper presented at a meeting of the Psychonomic Society, August 1963. Google Scholar. Sternberg, S. (1964). ... Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments.
Saul Sternberg's Homepage
Sternberg, S. (1969) Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist, 57, 421-457. Full Text (pdf file) Sternberg, S. (1969) Two invariances in retrieval of contextual information from memory. Paper presented at EPA, April 1969. Full Text (pdf file)
Sternberg Memory Scanning Article
High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654. (Contains small errors.) High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory. Abstract. When subjects judge whether a test symbol is contained in a short memorized sequence of symbols, their mean reaction-time increases linearly with the length of the sequence. The linearity and slope of the function ...
In Defence of High-Speed Memory Scanning
Abstract. This paper reviews some of the evidence that bears on the existence of a mental high-speed serial exhaustive scanning process (SES) used by humans to interrogate the active memory of a set of items to determine whether it contains a test item. First proposed in the 1960s, based on patterns of reaction times (RTs), numerous later ...
(PDF) Reaction Time
Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments ... Reviews the results of a memory scanning experiment (S. Sternberg, 1966) in which each of 4 Ss participated in about ...
Sternberg Scanning
An underlying basis of cognitive psychology is the use of outward behaviors (like reaction times) to infer mental events. Sternberg identified a linear relationship between study group size and reaction time, which allowed him to infer that scanning short-term memory for a target is serial, and that each item takes about 38 ms to scan.
Some problems with reaction time as a measure of memory search
Two operations in character-recognition: some evidence from reaction-time measurements. Perception & Psychophysics, 1967, 2, 45-53. Article Google Scholar Sternberg, S. Memory scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist, 1969, 57, 4, 421-457.
Specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in scanning for information
Reaction time was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the memory set. The results support the hypothesis that in a memory scanning task of this type, letter and picture test stimuli are spatially and verbally represented, respectively, and are processed in different cerebral hemispheres. ... Mental processes revealed ...
Encoding processes in memory scanning tasks
Experiment I replicated a previous finding of an interaction between stimulus probability and stimulus quality in a memory scanning task with numbers as stimuli. ... Mental processes revealed by reaction time experiments.American Scientist, 1969,57 ... J., & Walter, D. G. Stimulus and response frequency and sequential effects in memory scanning ...
Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction Time Experiments
High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 66, 652-654. Reprinted by permission of the author, S. Sternberg. [SIZE="2"]Introduction[/SIZE] Mental functions are often conceived as a series of stages through which stimuli are processed. In a simple reaction time (RT) task, the RT is the sum of the time it takes all functions to complete ...
Go-NoGo Task
In simple reaction time experiments, participants respond as quickly as possible anytime a stimulus appears. Simple reaction time is, in essence, a "baseline" measure of how quickly a person responds when no other mental processing (e.g., discrimination, response type) is required. ... Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time ...
Sternberg, S. (1969). Memory Scanning Mental Processes Revealed by
Memory Scanning Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-Time Experiments. American Psychologists, 57, 421-457. Login. ... (1969). Memory Scanning: Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-Time Experiments. American Psychologists, 57, 421-457. ... an experiment was designed to analyze both of phonological and morphological effect. For the purposes ...
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments
A Y represents an item in the negative set. Primes are used in representing trial 2 of the varied-set procedure to show that both the items in the positive set (Xif . . . , Xs) and its size (s) may change from trial to trial. - "Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments."
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
I will review informally eight experiments on the retrieval of information from human memory, whose interpretation depended on inferences from the structure of reaction time (RT) data to the organization of mental processes. The experiments have led to the discovery of two kinds of memory search that people use in the retrieval of information from short memorized lists. The present paper ...
The data show also that memory-scanning can proceed at a remarkably high rate. The slope of the mean RT-function, which is an estimate of the time per comparison, was 38 msec, indicating an average scanning rate between 25 and 30 digits per second. Perhaps because of its high speed, the scanning process seems not to.
PDF | On Feb 1, 1969, S Sternberg published Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
The FLM proved suitable to investigate the association between the speed of short-term memory scanning and intelligence and found no evidence for a linear increase, but a general increase from the smallest set size to the two larger ones. Expand. 5. Highly Influenced. [PDF] 10 Excerpts.
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Skip to main page content An official website of the United States government ...
Fig. 5. Some properties of exhaustive (top) and self-terminating (bottom) serial search. Left: Theoretical RT-f unctions (mean latencies of positive and negative responses as functions of length of list). Right: Theoretical serial-position functions (mean latency of positive responses as a function of serial position of test item in a list of given length). - "Memory-scanning: mental processes ...
Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. ... mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Sternberg S. American Scientist, 01 Jan 1969, 57(4): 421-457 ... A dynamic model of reaction time in a short-term memory task. Cooney JB, Troyer R. J Exp Child Psychol, 58(2) ...
glass, a.l., effect of some and all on reaction-time for semantic decisions, memory & cognition 2 ... mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments, american scientist 57: 421 (1969). google scholar. sternberg, s, memory scanning - new findings and current controversies, quarterly journal of experimental psychology 27: 1 (1975). google ...
Fig. 25. Results of Exp. 8: Context-recognition. Averaged data from six sub jects. Mean latencies of correct same-order and reversed-order responses, and their mean, with lines fitted by least squares. - "Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments."
Retrieval from recent memory: some reaction-time experiments and a search theory Bryn Mawr Paper presented at a meeting of the Psychonomic Society, August 1963. Google Scholar. Sternberg, S. (1964). ... Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments.
Sternberg, S. (1969) Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist, 57, 421-457. Full Text (pdf file) Sternberg, S. (1969) Two invariances in retrieval of contextual information from memory. Paper presented at EPA, April 1969. Full Text (pdf file)
High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654. (Contains small errors.) High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory. Abstract. When subjects judge whether a test symbol is contained in a short memorized sequence of symbols, their mean reaction-time increases linearly with the length of the sequence. The linearity and slope of the function ...
Abstract. This paper reviews some of the evidence that bears on the existence of a mental high-speed serial exhaustive scanning process (SES) used by humans to interrogate the active memory of a set of items to determine whether it contains a test item. First proposed in the 1960s, based on patterns of reaction times (RTs), numerous later ...
Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments ... Reviews the results of a memory scanning experiment (S. Sternberg, 1966) in which each of 4 Ss participated in about ...
An underlying basis of cognitive psychology is the use of outward behaviors (like reaction times) to infer mental events. Sternberg identified a linear relationship between study group size and reaction time, which allowed him to infer that scanning short-term memory for a target is serial, and that each item takes about 38 ms to scan.
Two operations in character-recognition: some evidence from reaction-time measurements. Perception & Psychophysics, 1967, 2, 45-53. Article Google Scholar Sternberg, S. Memory scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist, 1969, 57, 4, 421-457.
Reaction time was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the memory set. The results support the hypothesis that in a memory scanning task of this type, letter and picture test stimuli are spatially and verbally represented, respectively, and are processed in different cerebral hemispheres. ... Mental processes revealed ...
Experiment I replicated a previous finding of an interaction between stimulus probability and stimulus quality in a memory scanning task with numbers as stimuli. ... Mental processes revealed by reaction time experiments.American Scientist, 1969,57 ... J., & Walter, D. G. Stimulus and response frequency and sequential effects in memory scanning ...
High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 66, 652-654. Reprinted by permission of the author, S. Sternberg. [SIZE="2"]Introduction[/SIZE] Mental functions are often conceived as a series of stages through which stimuli are processed. In a simple reaction time (RT) task, the RT is the sum of the time it takes all functions to complete ...
In simple reaction time experiments, participants respond as quickly as possible anytime a stimulus appears. Simple reaction time is, in essence, a "baseline" measure of how quickly a person responds when no other mental processing (e.g., discrimination, response type) is required. ... Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time ...
Memory Scanning Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-Time Experiments. American Psychologists, 57, 421-457. Login. ... (1969). Memory Scanning: Mental Processes Revealed by Reaction-Time Experiments. American Psychologists, 57, 421-457. ... an experiment was designed to analyze both of phonological and morphological effect. For the purposes ...
A Y represents an item in the negative set. Primes are used in representing trial 2 of the varied-set procedure to show that both the items in the positive set (Xif . . . , Xs) and its size (s) may change from trial to trial. - "Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments."