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Tycho Brahe dabbled in alchemy. Broken glassware is revealing his recipes

The shards contain nine metals that the famous astronomer may have used, including one not formally identified until 180 years after his death.

Some ‘forever chemicals’ may be absorbed through our skin

A new element on the periodic table might be within reach 

More stories in chemistry.

Sulfur was key to the first water on Earth

Hydrogen bonded with sulfur may have given our world its first water after the hydrogen broke away and joined with oxygen in the planet’s crust.

Jurassic Park ’s amber-preserved dino DNA is now inspiring a way to store data 

DNA is capable of encoding all sorts of data. Storing it in an amberlike material may keep that information safe for nearly forever.

Landfills belch toxic ‘forever chemicals’ into the air

An analysis of samples from three Florida landfills shows that landfill gas can carry more PFAS than the liquid that leaches from the waste.

‘Flavorama’ guides readers through the complex landscape of flavor

In her new book, Arielle Johnson, former resident scientist at the restaurant Noma, explains how to think like a scientist in the kitchen.

A new method of making diamonds doesn’t require extreme pressure 

Lab-grown diamonds can form at atmospheric pressure in a liquid of gallium, iron, nickel and silicon.

How a sugar acid crucial for life could have formed in interstellar clouds

Computer calculations and lab experiments have revealed a possible mechanism for the creation of glyceric acid, which has been seen in meteorites.

Protein whisperer Oluwatoyin Asojo fights neglected diseases

Oluwatoyin Asojo’s work on hookworm protein structures have contributed to a vaccine being tested in people.

These are the chemicals that give teens pungent body odor

Steroids and high levels of carboxylic acids in teenagers’ body odor give off a mix of pleasant and acrid scents.

The smallest known molecular knot is made of just 54 atoms

Chemists are still trying to figure out why this combination of gold, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon atoms resulted in a molecular knot in the first place.

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The Remarkable Life of Chemistry Professor and Crime Buster Mary Louisa Willard

This chemistry professor helped police around the world solve arsons and homicides

Sarah Wyman, Carol Sutton Lewis, The Lost Women of Science Initiative

Atom-Thick Gold Coating Sparks Scientific ‘Goldene Rush’

Ultrathin gold was achieved with the help of a century-old sword-making technique

Rachel Nuwer

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Your Tattoo Ink Might Contain Hidden Ingredients

Chemists are hard at work figuring out how to make tattoos last—and ensure they’re safe.

Rachel Feltman, Elah Feder, Fonda Mwangi

Chemists Finally Made a Compound Containing Mysterious Element Promethium

Promethium, one of the rarest and most mysterious elements in the periodic table, has finally given up some crucial chemical secrets

Mark Peplow, Nature magazine

How Do Whole-Body Deodorants Work, and Are They Safe?

A number of whole-body deodorants are coming to market. But are they safe and effective?

How Tobacco Companies Use Chemistry to Get around Menthol Bans

Regulating chemicals one-by-one has allowed the tobacco industry to skirt menthol bans by creating new additives with similar effects but unclear safety profiles

Julie B. Zimmerman, Hanno C. Erythropel, Tobias D. Muellers, Predrag V. Petrovic, Stephanie S. O’Malley, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Sairam V. Jabba, Sven E. Jordt, Paul T. Anastas

This Paint Could Clean Both Itself and the Air

Recycled materials contribute to a pollutant-neutralizing paint

Kate Graham-Shaw

A Citrus-Scented Cannabis Compound Reduces Anxiety for Weed Users

New research into weed reveals how a lemon-scented terpene can ease anxiety without reducing the high.

Rachel Feltman, Allison Parshall, Alexa Lim

After Brewing Beer, Yeast Can Help Recycle Metals from E-waste

This beer-making by-product could offer a sustainable way to isolate metals for recycling electronic waste

Riis Williams

Superheavy Elements Are Breaking the Periodic Table

Extreme atoms are pushing the bounds of physics and chemistry

Stephanie Pappas

Like-Charge Particles Are Supposed to Repel—But Sometimes They Attract

Scientists think they’ve cracked the long-standing mystery of attraction among particles with a similar charge

Lori Youmshajekian

Why Aren ’ t Better Sunscreens Sold in the U.S.?

A decade after Congress told the FDA to expedite the approval of more effective sunscreens, the federal government still has not approved sunscreen ingredients that are safely being used around the world

Michael Scaturro, KFF Health News

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Read interesting chemistry news and breakthrough research on related topics like Biochemistry , Chemical Engineering , Materials Science , Nanoparticles , and Polymers .

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Chemistry August 1, 2024

Decoding Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere: Life’s Role in Shaping Our World

A recent scientific study traces the co-evolution of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and life over 500 million years, revealing how organisms like algae have modified and…

Speeding Up RNA Chip Synthesis With Revolutionary Technology

New Study Unfolds the Electric Mystery of Peptides

125 Years After Its Discovery, Actinium’s Chemistry Still Baffles Scientists

Microscopic Building Blocks: New Dual-Functional Supramolecular Structures Unveiled

Scientists Develop Extraordinary Material That Can Transform Sunlight and Water Into Clean Energy

Leveraging “Atomic Intelligence” – Researchers Propose Innovative New Method To Drastically Reduce Industrial Emissions

Revolutionizing THC Testing: Detecting Cannabis With Just a Few Drops of Saliva

100% Breakdown: Revolutionary New Method Uses Light To Clean Up Forever Chemicals

Chemistry July 26, 2024

Unique Pigments Discovered: Chemists Unveil New Secrets of Rembrandt’s Famous Painting “The Night Watch”

Researchers have discovered that Rembrandt used special arsenic sulfide pigments to create a ‘golden’ paint in “The Night Watch.” Chemists at the Rijksmuseum and the…

Chemistry July 25, 2024

DOE Researchers Discover New Cheaper, and More Efficient Way To Produce Important Chemical

Combining zirconium with silicon nitride improves the transformation of propane, a component of natural gas, into polypropylene, a highly sought-after plastic. Polypropylene is a widely…

Chemistry July 24, 2024

Magnetic Butterfly: Scientists Unveil Groundbreaking Design Concept for Next-Generation Quantum Materials

NUS researchers have created a new butterfly-shaped magnetic nanographene that could improve quantum computing by enabling better control of electron spins and extending the coherence…

Chemistry July 22, 2024

Chemists Use Electricity To Turn Waste Molecules Into Valuable Liquid Fuel

A study has revealed a more efficient method for creating methanol. For years, chemists have been striving to synthesize valuable materials from waste molecules. Now,…

Chemistry July 21, 2024

Electroadhesion: The Magic of Making Materials Stick Without Glue [Video]

A novel electroadhesion process allows for the easy and reversible attachment of hydrogels to metals using electricity, effective on a variety of materials from food…

Chemistry July 20, 2024

“This Had Never Been Done Before” – New Dual-Use Catalyst Overcomes the Thermodynamic Canyon

German researchers have created a catalyst that converts ammonia into hydrogen and nitrite, potentially combining hydrogen production and fertilizer creation in one process. A research…

Chemistry July 19, 2024

Scientists Transform Molecules Into Mondrian Masterpieces

Trinity College researchers developed a computer program that visualizes molecular structures in Piet Mondrian’s artistic style, enhancing understanding of molecular symmetry and offering a novel…

Chemistry July 17, 2024

Breaking the Efficiency Bottleneck: The Power of Doping in Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Photocatalytic water splitting, employing strategies like doping and defect control, has seen efficiency improvements, notably through recent advancements in doping methods that optimize energy conversion…

Chemistry July 16, 2024

Revolutionizing H2O2 Production: Ultrathin Nanosheets Show Immense Promise

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 nanosheets with controlled oxygen vacancies in enhancing the piezocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), presenting a…

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Chemical Communications

Practice of green chemistry strategies in synthetic organic chemistry: a glimpse of our sincere efforts in green chemistry research †.

a Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

This feature article summarises our recent contributions (2019–2023) in designing and developing a handful of promising organic transformations for accessing several diversely functionalised biologically relevant organic scaffolds, following the green chemistry principles, particularly focusing on the application of low-energy visible light, electrochemistry, ball-milling, ultrasound, and catalyst- and additive-free synthetic strategies.

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Practice of green chemistry strategies in synthetic organic chemistry: a glimpse of our sincere efforts in green chemistry research

G. Brahmachari, Chem. Commun. , 2024,  60 , 8153 DOI: 10.1039/D4CC02249A

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• Discover Chemistry

Mucus-based bioink could be used to print and grow lung tissue

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

“3D Bioprinting with Visible Light Cross-Linkable Mucin-Hyaluronic Acid Composite Bioink for Lung Tissue Engineering” ACS Applied Bio Materials

Lung diseases kill millions of people around the world each year. Treatment options are limited, and animal models for studying these illnesses and experimental medications are inadequate. Now, researchers describe in ACS Applied Bio Materials their success in creating a mucus-based bioink for 3D printing lung tissue. This advance could one day help study and treat chronic lung conditions.

While some people with lung diseases receive transplants, donor organs remain in short supply. As an alternative, medications and other treatments can be used to manage symptoms, but no cure is available for disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Researchers continue to seek better medications, often relying on testing in rodents. But these animal models may only partially capture the complexities of pulmonary diseases in humans, and they might not accurately predict the safety and efficacy of new drugs. Meanwhile, bioengineers are exploring the production of lung tissue in the lab, either as a more accurate model to study human lungs or as a potential material to use in implants. One technique involves 3D printing structures that mimic human tissue, but designing a suitable bioink to support cell growth remains challenging. So, Ashok Raichur and colleagues set out to overcome this obstacle.

The team began with mucin, a mucus component that hasn’t been widely explored for bioprinting. Segments of this antibacterial polymer’s molecular structure resemble epidermal growth factor, a protein that promotes cell attachment and growth. Raichur and colleagues reacted mucin with methacrylic anhydride to form methacrylated mucin (MuMA), which they then mixed with lung cells. Hyaluronic acid — a natural polymer found in connective and other tissues — was added to increase the bioink’s viscosity and enhance cell growth and adhesion to MuMA. After the ink was printed in test patterns including round and square grids, it was exposed to blue light to crosslink the MuMA molecules. The crosslink bonds stabilized the printed structure in the form of a porous gel that readily absorbed water to support cell survival.

The researchers found that the interconnected pores in the gel facilitated diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, encouraging cell growth and formation of lung tissue. The printed structures were nontoxic and slowly biodegraded under physiological conditions, making them potentially suitable as implants in which the printed scaffold would gradually be replaced by newly grown lung tissue. The bioink could also be used to make 3D models of lungs to study lung disease processes and evaluate potential treatments.

The authors acknowledge funding from the Government of India’s Department of Science and Technology.

The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. ACS’ mission is to advance the broader chemistry enterprise and its practitioners for the benefit of Earth and all its people. The Society is a global leader in promoting excellence in science education and providing access to chemistry-related information and research through its multiple research solutions, peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences, eBooks and weekly news periodical Chemical & Engineering News . ACS journals are among the most cited, most trusted and most read within the scientific literature; however, ACS itself does not conduct chemical research. As a leader in scientific information solutions, its CAS division partners with global innovators to accelerate breakthroughs by curating, connecting and analyzing the world’s scientific knowledge. ACS’ main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

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The catalyst speedup toolkit

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A rundown of the various strategies scientists are exploring to cheat the Sabatier limit

Paul Sabatier , joint winner of the 1912 Nobel prize in chemistry, introduced a principle surrounding the ideal characteristics of a catalyst, specifically relating to how strongly it should bind reactants and products. In the Sabatier principle if reactants adsorb too weakly, the catalyst remains too far away from them and doesn’t get the chance to accelerate their transformation to products. If, once reactants become products they bind too tightly, they may stay on the catalyst and prevent further reactions happening there.

The Sabatier principle is therefore deceptively powerful. Usually, it defines how fast any catalyst system can hope to be. It reflects how chemists typically design catalysis systems, optimising structures and conditions for the best function. More recently, however, scientists have been exploring ways to cheat the Sabatier limit . Here’s how these approaches might work…

One strategy to exceed the threshold could be to design materials or processes that break fundamental scaling relations between how catalysts typically bind reactants and products. Ning Yan from the National University of Singapore explains that these scaling relations arise because reactants and products usually have very similar structures. As such they are both likely to bind to catalysts similarly tightly.

Plasmas , where high temperatures strip nuclei of some of their surrounding electrons to generate an electrically conductive gas of highly excited molecules, can circumvent scaling relations in reactions. One example of a process where plasma can help is in activating nitrogen. This makes the normally inert molecule somewhat more reactive when adsorbed on metals like cobalt and nickel that normally don’t work well as catalysts. However, the reaction acceleration is small, while plasmas use a great deal of energy and are also complicated to integrate into reaction processes.

Alternatively, layering materials with different atomic arrangements can cause permanent strain at the catalyst surface that affects its electronic structure. Putting mismatched lattice structures together in this way can also break scaling relations, removing the correlation between how tightly reactants and products adsorb. Applying a continuous electric or magnetic field to a material can also cause it to change shape, putting it under strain. Scientists have already applied this principle to electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction.

Strain can build up differently in various directions in a structure, a property known as anisotropy. Because reactants and products are normally located separately in catalysts, anisotropic strain’s effect on these different locations can in theory help further break the scaling relation between them.

However, ‘in the past few decades many important reactions have reached stagnation with solely a focus on material design,’ says Paul Dauenhauer from the University of Minnesota in the US. Dauenhauer instead highlights the potential for ‘structure–function–perturbation’. This looks beyond optimising a static material and instead involves a dynamic way to control the reaction happening at the catalyst’s surface.

Dauenhauer and colleagues have therefore devised catalytic resonance theory , in which they propose catalysts that can oscillate back and forth between different surface electronic states. Dauenhauer’s team calls catalysts that oscillate in this way dynamic programmable catalysts. ‘We call it “programmable” because we use an external perturbation such as light, strain or charge that we completely control,’ Dauenhauer says. This can influence the reaction sequence that happens at the catalyst surface, changing which is the slowest, rate-limiting, step.

Electric fields and potentials provide a common way to make catalysts dynamically programmable. This approach differs from standard electrochemistry, where charge transfers to molecules to promote an electrochemical reaction. In dynamic catalysis, the field or potential does not simply act as a charge provider. Instead, it modifies the system energetically, for example by making it easier to remove electrons from the catalyst surface. Exploiting this ability with rapidly switching fields or potentials can alter the different rates of the steps in a reaction sequence.

Oscillating electronic states on a catalyst naturally result in ‘ ratcheting mechanisms ’ in almost all cases, Dauenhauer explains. ‘For a static reaction, the forward rate and reverse rate are describable by the kinetics of molecules traversing through the same transition state,’ he says. By contrast, for a reaction on a dynamic surface, all energy levels are changing. That includes the reactant, transition state, and product. As such, the forward and reverse catalytic rates also continually change. This means that the reverse reaction, where products revert to reactants, is much less likely. This approach has ‘immense potential for heterogeneous catalysis’ Dauenhauer says. ‘We can drive chemistry to desired compositions using programmable catalysts.’

So far, catalytic resonance theory, dynamic programmable catalysts and the resulting ratcheting mechanisms are yet to be fully demonstrated experimentally. However, Yan, Dauenhauer and other scientists have published results showing that dynamic control of catalysts is possible. These researchers are currently working to prove the approach’s predicted advantages and intend to publish results of these experiments in the next few years.

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• ACS Publications

28 Must-Read Topics in Chemistry

• Mar 4, 2021
• 14 min read

Browse 28 of the most important, engaging topics in chemistry with Virtual Collections released by ACS Publications journals in Q4 2020.

ACS Publications regularly produces collections of the most important chemistry research topics. These Virtual Collections of the most important chemistry research topics bring together the most important ideas in the field in a variety of ways, including Special Issues and ACS Selects from across the portfolio journals. These collections reflect the most important chemistry research topics of current scientific interest and are designed for experienced investigators and educators alike.

Browse 28 of the most important, engaging topics in chemistry with Virtual Collections released by ACS Publications journals in Q4 2020:

Crystalline Molecular Materials: From Structure to Function

This Virtual Special Issue focuses on the design and study of materials wherein the target properties arise from, or are enhanced by, the three-dimensional assembly of molecules in a solid phase. The “structure−function” relationship transcends the nature of the individual molecule, and supramolecular organization is a key component in the material’s properties. The goal of this issue is to assemble contributions from a broad community of scientists with similar research interests, as defined by the need to understand and manipulate the bulk assembly of molecules. Placing emphasis on a common interest in supramolecular architecture, this issue showcases work in apparently disparate fields, including molecule-based magnetism, rare zero thermal expansion properties, and catalytic activity.

Read the Issue. ***

Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion

This virtual issue of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and ACS Applied Energy Materials presents cutting edge articles in the field of Thermoelectric Energy Conversion. Thermoelectric materials and devices are central for energy conversion and management as they convert waste heat into electricity. Given the ubiquitous nature of heat, thermoelectric materials provide total-package solutions to mitigate environmental crisis and energy needs. The realization of this has caused a surge in the development of high-performance, environmentally benign, robust, and earth-abundant inorganic materials, which can be used in heat to electrical energy generations in power plants, space, automobiles, households, battery technology, and data centers. Interestingly, flexible thermoelectric materials, mainly based on organic/polymer materials, have successfully been integrated into body-worn fabrics and watches, which simply utilize body heat to generate electricity. Furthermore, using the Peltier effect, thermoelectric coolers are developed and are one of the mainstays in the consumer market for refrigeration purposes, especially for portable applications. Hence, thermoelectricity is foreseen as a potential frontrunner in energy management for the near future.

Interfacialscience Developments at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

This virtual issue is a sampling of some of the most recent work from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with an emphasis on work from this year (2020) so far. The 46 articles in this virtual issue cover a broad range of research topics, examples of which include Janus particle engineering and interfacial assembly, surface modification of colloid particles, stability of water monolayer in mineral under high pressure, nano-bubbles adsorption on surface, switching of underwater superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity, nanostructured de-icing surface, lithium ion battery anode binder, bio-inspired smart liquid directional transport control, corrosion resistance of alloys, behavior of polymers at solid/liquid interface, and effect of polymer conformation on protein resistance.

Celebrating 90% Completion of the Human Proteome

Twenty years after the establishment of the international Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) and ten years after its launch of the Human Proteome Project (HPP), researchers have much to celebrate. Today, HUPO will release the draft human proteome at the 19th Human Proteome Organization World Congress, connecting virtually, with this Virtual Issue published in the Journal of Proteome Research.

Read the Issue . ***

Nanomaterials-based Membranes for Chemical Separations

Membranes are a critical area of research in academia and have been used in industrial applications for decades. Membrane-based separations are desired in industry because they can be highly energy efficient and up to an order of magnitude less expensive than other techniques such as distillation. In addition, these separations are easily scaled to industrial levels so that advances in the laboratory can be translated to real applications. The key challenges in this field are how to separate chemicals with similar sizes by having a high flux for only one chemical through a membrane. This difference in flux should translate into a high selectivity for one chemical over one or more other chemicals present in a mixture. An unfortunate trade-off in membrane-based separations is that as the permeation of a chemical increases, the selectivity of the membrane will often decrease. To address these challenges, scientists often use cross-linked polymers with ill-defined pores, hard materials such as zeolites with well-defined pores, 2D materials, coated nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, or other nanomaterials.

Organic Chemistry in China: Synthetic Methodology, Natural Products, and More

During the past 20 years, China has become a powerhouse in chemistry research, now leading globally in submissions of research articles to chemical journals. In recognizing these developments, Organic Letters presents a Virtual Issue that includes a collection of 25 research articles contributed by Chinese chemists during 2019-2020, selected from among the more than 1,000 articles published in the journal from China over this period.

Advances in Microfluidics Research

This Virtual Issue highlights articles published in Analytical Chemistry that showcase advances in microfluidics research over the past several years. The articles below are separated by sub-field and span research on virus detection to cell manipulation to 3D-printing, and are all at the cutting edge of microfluidics technologies. The thirty articles included in this collection were selected by Associate Editor Yoshinobu Baba and include previous winners of the Chemical & Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS)/ Analytical Chemistry co-sponsored Young Innovator Award.

Chemistry in Korea: IBS and Beyond

This virtual issue of “Chemistry in Korea: IBS and Beyond” highlights the latest contributions from eight IBS centers along with exciting advances from other emerging scientists in South Korea. Topics encompass a wide range of chemistry and its cross-boundary researches from theory and simulations, nanomaterials, molecular synthesis, catalysts, spectroscopy, supramolecular chemistry, soft materials to nanomedicine.

Highlighting Analytical Chemistry 2020 Advisory Board Members

The members of Analytical Chemistry ‘s Editorial Advisory Board (EAB) and Early Career Board (ECB) panels devote substantial voluntary time and energy to support Analytical Chemistry and deserve special recognition for their contributions. In recognition of their service, this new virtual issue is dedicated to the members of both the journal’s EAB and ECB, with each selecting one of their recent Analytical Chemistry articles to highlight.

A Bright New World of Ferroelectrics: Magic of Spontaneous Polarization

Ferroelectric materials featured with spontaneous polarization have experienced a century of vigorous development. The permanent electric dipole moment makes ferroelectric an outstanding multifunctional material for a wide range of applications. Ferroelectrics with unique coupling effects among electric, optical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic orders, have been developed for a wide range of functional devices and triggered a new world-wide wave of ferroelectric research. This virtual issue highlights some of the key state-of-the-art findings in ferroelectrics published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and ACS Applied Electronic Materials , and the editorial attempts to reflect the rapid development and provide a perspective in this field.

Peter J. Rossky Festschrift

This Virtual Special Issue honors Professor Peter J. Rossky and his contributions to the field of physical chemistry.

Computational and Experimental Advances in Biomembranes

As an integral component of cellular architecture and signalling, cell membranes are central to cell physiology. Comprising a vastly heterogeneous mixture of proteins and lipids, cell membranes are constantly adapting their structural organization to regulate cellular processes. Malfunction at the level of lipid-protein interaction is implicated in numerous diseases, and hence, understanding cell membrane organization at the molecular level is of critical importance. The collection of articles in this Virtual Special Issue from The Journal of Physical Chemistry B provides a survey of the advances in both computational and experimental characterization of the complex processes underlying the behavior of cellular membranes.

Sensors and Industry

In this virtual issue, ACS Sensors and Analytical Chemistry highlight 30 of these outstanding industrial co-authored papers recently published in the two journals. The breadth of the articles in this collection emphasizes the incredible research on diagnostic methods being performed in both universities and industries, and highlights the benefits of collaboration between the two. Read the Issue . ***

Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry

Physical chemistry stands today at an exciting transition state where the integration of machine learning and data science tools into all corners of the field is poised to do nothing short of revolutionizing the discipline. These powerful techniques – when appropriately combined with domain knowledge, tools, and expertise – have led to new physical insights, better understanding, accelerated discovery, rational design, and inverse engineering that transcend traditional approaches to materials, molecular, and chemical science and engineering. This collection of nearly 150 manuscripts from The Journal of Physical Chemistry A / B / C and The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters reflects the relevance and popularity of this topic in physical chemistry by both the depth and breadth of excellent articles in this exciting collection.

Self-Healing Materials

This is a spotlight on applications discusses developments made over the last six years that have enabled the fabrication of increasingly high-performance spray-coated perovskite solar cells. In particular, the various approaches adopted to spray-cast perovskite films (one-step vs two-step processes) ware charted and the development of sophisticated techniques used to control thin-film crystallinity is described. Finally, remaining research challenges are discussed that, once solved, may allow the mass deployment of low-cost solar energy.

Women in Mass Spectrometry

This virtual issue was assembled to feature talented women mass spectrometrists who publish in JASMS as the corresponding author. The articles compiled are among the most highly cited that were published in the journal in the last 5 years, regardless of gender, and are representative of the best mass spectrometry science reported in JASMS .

In Memory of Mario Molina (1943-2020)

Mario Molina was a Mexican chemist who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry with the late F. Sherwood Rowland of UC Irvine and Paul Crutzen of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz “for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.” Molina passed away in his birth city of Mexico City at age 77 on 7 October 2020. A physical chemist at heart, Molina published about 80 papers in The Journal of Physical Chemistry . His mentees remember him by celebrating 30 of them. His indelible legacy lives on through his publications, his collaborators, the scholars that he trained, the innovations in experimental design he made, the thousands who were inspired and informed by his science communication, and the millions whose quality of life improved thanks to his work on stratospheric ozone depletion and air quality in megacities.

Women Scientists at the Forefront of Energy Research: A Virtual Issue, Part 3

This is the third part of a series that recognizes women energy researchers who have published new advances from their laboratories in ACS Energy Letters . The inspirational stories and advice to newcomers in the field contained in this issue should provide motivation to advance the scientific research in energy conversion and storage. Through their personal reflections, these researchers discuss the successful career paths they have taken to become leaders in the scientific community.

Scalable Organic Chemistry: A Virtual Issue to highlight Organic Process Research & Development

From small-scale use in academic research to large-scale application in industrial processes, only select chemistries make the cut to be relevant throughout the scale-up process. This virtual issue showcases a collection of innovative and industrially-relevant papers on key topics from academic and industrial chemists in Organic Process Research & Development .

Virtual Issue in Memoriam of Dr. Alan Poland (1940-2020)

Dr. Alan Poland was a major influence on the development of modern molecular toxicology and the understanding of how chemicals cause cancer. He is most widely known for his groundbreaking work to explain the adverse effects of dioxins, chemicals and related environmental pollutants.

Deep Eutectic Solvents

This virtual issue focuses on scientific and engineering advances related to Deep Eutectic Solvents. It includes papers that have appeared in the last two years in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data , and Journal of Physical Chemistry B and C .

Celebrating ACS Sensors ‘ Editorial Advisory Board

Metal-Organic Frameworks: Fundamental Study and Applications

Exciting developments in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the focus of this Virtual Issue that is jointly produced by Langmuir and ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( ACS AMI ). These two journals publish complementary and ground-breaking work on interfacial science. ACS AMI has a strong focus on practical applications whereas Langmuir encourages reports of both fundamental and applied nature, when rational design is a highlighted feature of the work.

Inorganic Synthesis in Uncommon Reaction Media

Water and organic solvents have long been the most common reaction media for chemical synthesis. Nevertheless, given limits in solubility and the need for extreme temperatures sometimes, especially for inorganic substances, chemists have had a growing interest in moving to “uncommon” reaction media to improve the access to certain compounds or to permit the fundamental study of the behavior of chemicals under unique conditions. In this Virtual Issue, “Inorganic Synthesis in Uncommon Reaction Media,” Guest Editor Julia Chan and Associate Editor Stefanie Dehnen highlight recent reports from Inorganic Chemistry and additionally from Chemistry of Materials and Crystal Growth & Design that feature reactions taking place in currently used uncommon systems: molten metals (metal flux), molten salts (nonmetal flux), ionic liquids (ionothermal if carried out under elevated temperatures), supercritical solvents (solvothermal), and liquefied gases.

The Challenge of Antibacterial Drug Permeation and Current Advances

Recent advances in the area of drug permeation feed the pipeline of antibacterial agents with new and improved activities and keep the ever-changing landscape of antibiotic resistance effectively managed by small molecule therapeutics. The articles included in this Virtual Issue broadly represent three areas of research: 1) new experimental approaches to analyze intracellular accumulation of compounds in whole cells and compound permeation across model membranes; 2) new computational models of drug permeation across the outer membrane and integrated kinetic models of drug permeation across membranes with active efflux; and 3) new antibiotic screening campaigns and exploration of synergistic drug combinations bypassing bacterial permeation barriers.

Organic Chemistry in Japan: A Strong Foundation and Honorable Tradition

Organic chemistry has a strong foundation and honorable tradition in Japan, centering in recent decades predominantly on the development of synthetic methodologies, particularly in an interdisciplinary fashion focusing on cross-coupling and C-H activation and functionalization, the total synthesis of natural products, chemical biology research, supramolecular chemistry, and applications of (opto)electronic materials—all with an eye toward fostering international collaborations. This new Organic Letters Virtual Issue features 25 selected articles form 2019-2020 to highlight these achievements.

This virtual issue in Environmental Science & Technology ( ES&T ) marks the 50-year anniversary of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Recognizing this significant milestone brings an opportunity to reflect on the enormous achievements and impact this federal agency has had on the remediation and protection of the environment, reaching both domestically within the USA and globally since its official beginnings on December 2nd, 1970.

Bioconjugate Chemistry 30th Anniversary Reviews

The breadth and impact of these 30th anniversary reviews demonstrate how the Bioconjugate Chemistry of today continues the forward-looking embrace of new science and systems while maintaining the old-fashioned virtues of scientific rigor and reproducibility.

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Collection  29 March 2022

2021 Top 25 Chemistry and Materials Sciences Articles

We are pleased to share with you the 25 most downloaded  Nature Communications  articles* in chemistry and materials sciences published in 2021. Featuring authors from around the world, these papers highlight valuable research from an international community.

Browse all Top 25 subject area collections  here .

*Data obtained from SN Insights (based on Digital Science's Dimensions) and normalised to account for articles published later in the year.

Research highlights

Mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium-based carbon nucleophiles in air and their use in organic synthesis

Grignard reagents have widespread utility in organic chemistry, but their preparation is limited by several drawbacks, such as the use of dry organic solvents and long reaction times. Here, the authors report a general mechanochemical synthesis of Grignard reagents in paste form in air, using a ball milling technique.

• Rina Takahashi

Programmable microbial ink for 3D printing of living materials produced from genetically engineered protein nanofibers

Living cells can precisely assemble to build 3D functional architectures. Here the authors produce an extrudable microbial ink entirely from the engineered cells, which can be further programmed to 3D print functional living materials.

• Anna M. Duraj-Thatte
• Avinash Manjula-Basavanna
• Neel S. Joshi

A novel mechanism for the loss of mRNA activity in lipid nanoparticle delivery systems

Lipid nanoparticle delivery of mRNA vaccines has become of particular importance, however, mRNA stability is a major concern. Here, the authors report on a study of lipid impurity mRNA interactions using reverse phase ion pair HPLC to identify reactions which render the mRNA untranslatable, reducing vaccine efficiency.

• Meredith Packer
• Dipendra Gyawali

Understanding Li-based battery materials via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a key technique for understanding Li-based battery processes. Here, the authors discuss the current state of the art, advantages and challenges of this technique, also giving an outlook for future developments.

• Miran Gaberšček

A general strategy for C(sp 3 )–H functionalization with nucleophiles using methyl radical as a hydrogen atom abstractor

When carbon-based units are functionalized in photoredox catalysis, electrophilic coupling partners are often used, such that the polarities of the two fragments are appropriately matched. Here the authors show a generalized methodology to instead use nucleophilic coupling partners, which are cheaper and often simpler, via successive hydrogen atom transfer and oxidative radical-polar crossover.

• Isabelle Nathalie-Marie Leibler
• Makeda A. Tekle-Smith
• Abigail G. Doyle

Identifying molecules as biosignatures with assembly theory and mass spectrometry

The search for life in the universe is difficult due to issues with defining signatures of living systems. Here, the authors present an approach based on the molecular assembly number and tandem mass spectrometry that allows identification of molecules produced by biological systems, and use it to identify biosignatures from a range of samples, including ones from outer space.

• Stuart M. Marshall
• Cole Mathis
• Leroy Cronin

Tempering of cocoa butter and chocolate using minor lipidic components

In chocolate production, a complicated tempering process is used to guide the crystallization of cocoa butter towards its most desirable polymorph, which gives the chocolate proper melting behavior, gloss, and snap—hallmarks of good quality chocolate. Here, the authors find that simply adding a specific phospholipid also directs crystallization towards this polymorph, producing chocolate with comparable microstructure and properties to tempered chocolate.

• Saeed M. Ghazani
• Alejandro G. Marangoni

Production of high-energy Li-ion batteries comprising silicon-containing anodes and insertion-type cathodes

Large-scale manufacturing of high-energy Li-ion cells is of paramount importance for developing efficient rechargeable battery systems. Here, the authors report in-depth discussions and evaluations on the use of silicon-containing anodes together with insertion-based cathodes.

• Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu
• Egbert Figgemeier

Proliferating coacervate droplets as the missing link between chemistry and biology in the origins of life

Coacervate droplets (CDs) are a model for protocells formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), but protocell models able to proliferate remain undeveloped. Here, the authors report a proliferating peptide-based CD using synthesised amino acid thioesters as monomers, which could concentrate RNA and lipids, enabling RNA to protect the droplet from dissolution by lipids.

• Muneyuki Matsuo
• Kensuke Kurihara

Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO 2

Electrochemistry is a promising approach to make existing chemical protocols milder, but many simple transformations of feedstocks are still out of reach. Here, the authors transform unactivated aryl and alkyl (pseudo)halides into carboxylic acids, via nickel catalysis and electricity, using atmospheric CO 2 as the carbon source.

• Guo-Quan Sun

Gene editing enables rapid engineering of complex antibiotic assembly lines

Engineering biosynthetic assembly lines is a powerful path to new natural products but is challenging with current methods. Here the authors use CRISPR-Cas9 to exchange subdomains within NRPS to alter substrate selectivity.

• Wei Li Thong
• Yingxin Zhang
• Jason Micklefield

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis via nitrate reduction on Fe single atom catalyst

Developing green and delocalized routes for ammonia synthesis is highly important but still very challenging. Here the authors report an efficient ammonia synthesis process via nitrate reduction to ammonia on Fe single atom catalyst.

• Mohammadreza Karamad
• Haotian Wang

Coordination environment dependent selectivity of single-site-Cu enriched crystalline porous catalysts in CO 2 reduction to CH 4

Crystalline porous catalysts with single Cu sites are dedicated to exploring the dependence of CO 2 electroreduction selectivity on the coordination environment of catalytic sites. The conductive MOF Cu-DBC with oxygen-coordinated Cu sites shows a high Faradaic efficiency ~80% of CO 2 -to-CH 4 .

• Long-Zhang Dong
• Ya-Qian Lan

6 nm super-resolution optical transmission and scattering spectroscopic imaging of carbon nanotubes using a nanometer-scale white light source

The authors present a super-resolution hyperspectral imaging technique using a nanoscale white light source generated by superfocusing light from a tungsten-halogen lamp. They achieve 6 nm resolution, measuring longitudinal and transverse optical electronic transitions in single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Electrochemical C–N bond activation for deaminative reductive coupling of Katritzky salts

Electrochemical transformations use electrons and electron holes instead of chemical oxidants and reductants as reagents. Here, the authors report an electrochemical reductive deaminative cross-coupling of Katrizky salts with various radical acceptors, including examples of fluoroalkenylation, alkynylation and thiolation.

• Xiangzhang Tao

Ultra-thin self-healing vitrimer coatings for durable hydrophobicity

By now a plethora of ultrathin hydrophobic coatings are available but their durability are not well developed. Here, the authors present a thin, durable and fluorine-free PDMS-based vitrimer coating that implements many desirable aspects like energy efficiency, durability and sustainability.

• Jingcheng Ma
• Laura E. Porath
• Christopher M. Evans

A saccharide-based binder for efficient polysulfide regulations in Li-S batteries

The long-term cycling of Li-S batteries depends on the polysulfides shuttling regulation. Here, the authors present a saccharide-based binder system to control the polysulfides migration and improve the cycle life of a Li-S pouch cell.

• Yingyi Huang
• Mahdokht Shaibani
• Mainak Majumder

Sustained enzymatic activity and flow in crowded protein droplets

Living cells can harvest environmental energy to drive chemical processes. Here the authors design a minimal artificial system that achieves steady states at similar metabolic densities to microorganisms.

• Andrea Testa
• Mirco Dindo
• Paola Laurino

Freezing of few nanometers water droplets

Ice nucleation in confined geometries is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but difficult to characterize. Here the authors investigate experimentally the freezing of water nanodroplets surrounded by octane in nanopores down to 2 nm, and demonstrate that the soft curved oil-water interface suppresses heterogeneous ice nucleation, which occurs at a lower temperature than homogenous bulk nucleation.

• Alireza Hakimian
• Mohammadjavad Mohebinia
• Hadi Ghasemi

Transition metal-doped Ni-rich layered cathode materials for durable Li-ion batteries

Long-term efficient cycling stability is of paramount importance for the development of high-energy Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors investigate the effect of transition metal dopants on the electrochemical, morphological, and structural properties of Ni-rich cathode active materials.

• H. Hohyun Sun
• Un-Hyuck Kim
• Yang-Kook Sun

Divergent functionalization of aldehydes photocatalyzed by neutral eosin Y with sulfone reagents

Acyl radicals represent a reactive species that allow for aldehyde subunits to be nucleophilic instead of their typical electrophilic behavior; however, these species are difficult to access in mild conditions. Here the authors show a method to generate acyl radicals using only an organic photocatalyst and light, and these species are shown as competent nucleophiles in a variety of couplings.

• Jianming Yan

Engineering single-atomic ruthenium catalytic sites on defective nickel-iron layered double hydroxide for overall water splitting

Rational design of single atom catalyst is critical for efficient sustainable energy conversion. Single-atomic-site ruthenium stabilized on defective nickel-iron layered double hydroxide nanosheets achieve superior HER and OER performance in alkaline media.

• Panlong Zhai
• Mingyue Xia
• Jungang Hou

Artificial intelligence-enhanced quantum chemical method with broad applicability

Artificial intelligence is combined with quantum mechanics to break the limitations of traditional methods and create a new general-purpose method for computational chemistry simulations with high accuracy, speed and transferability.

• Peikun Zheng
• Roman Zubatyuk
• Pavlo O. Dral

Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins into high-performance multifunctional nanostructured films

Green use of plant derived proteins in functional materials has been limited by inefficient methods to control micro and nanoscale structure. Here, the authors use nanoscale assembly of water-insoluble plant proteins to make meter scale films with comparable properties to conventional plastics.

• Ayaka Kamada
• Marc Rodriguez-Garcia
• Tuomas P. J. Knowles

Moving beyond bimetallic-alloy to single-atom dimer atomic-interface for all-pH hydrogen evolution

While single, dispersed atoms enable efficient atomic utilization, controllably preparing single-atom dimers remains challenging. Here, authors prepare nickel-cobalt single-atom dimers as high-performance pH-universal H 2 evolution electrocatalysts.

• Ashwani Kumar
• Viet Q. Bui
• Hyoyoung Lee

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