research topics in orthopaedics physiotherapy

151+ Research Topics For Physiotherapy Students [Updated]

Welcome to the world of physiotherapy, where movement is medicine, and every step leads to healing. In the area of physiotherapy education, research is a powerful tool. It helps us understand the human body better, discover new techniques for rehabilitation, and improve the quality of life for countless individuals. Today, we dive into the diverse and fascinating world of research topics for physiotherapy students. 

Whether you’re a student, a curious reader, or someone passionate about health and well-being, this journey promises to be enlightening.

What is Physiotherapy Research?

Table of Contents

Physiotherapy research is the investigation and exploration of various aspects of physical therapy. It delves into the effectiveness of different treatments, the impact of exercises on specific conditions, and the development of innovative techniques to enhance rehabilitation. This research isn’t just about lab coats and test tubes; it’s about real people, real struggles, and real triumphs.

Why Research Matters in Physiotherapy Education

Research isn’t just an academic exercise—it’s the heartbeat of progress in physiotherapy. For students, engaging in research opens doors to understanding the science behind the practice. It fosters critical thinking, hones problem-solving skills, and prepares future physiotherapists to deliver evidence-based care.

Most importantly, research enhances the quality of care patients receive, ensuring they benefit from the latest advancements in the field.

How Do I Choose A Research Topic For Physiotherapy Students?

Choosing a research topic for physiotherapy students involves several considerations to ensure it aligns with your interests, the field’s needs, and feasibility. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Identify Your Interests
• Passion: Choose a topic that genuinely interests you. Your enthusiasm will drive your motivation throughout the research process.
• Personal Experience: Reflect on any personal experiences or observations in physiotherapy that sparked your curiosity.
• Consider Relevance
• Field Needs: Look into current trends and gaps in physiotherapy research. What areas need more exploration or improvement?
• Clinical Significance: Choose a topic with practical applications in clinical settings. Will your research contribute to better patient outcomes or practice?
• Review Literature
• Literature Search: Conduct a thorough literature review to understand what’s been done. Identify gaps where your research can make a valuable contribution.
• Read Journals: Explore recent publications in physiotherapy journals to get ideas and understand the latest advancements.
• Discuss with Peers and Mentors
• Peer Feedback: Discuss potential topics with classmates or colleagues. They might offer insights or suggest areas you hadn’t considered.
• Mentor Guidance: Seek advice from professors or experienced researchers. They can guide you towards viable topics and methodologies.
• Assess Feasibility
• Resources: Consider the resources available to you, such as access to equipment, databases, and funding.
• Timeframe: Evaluate the time you have for research. Ensure your topic is manageable within the given timeframe.
• Narrow Down and Define
• Specificity: Narrow your topic to a specific question or problem. Broad topics can be overwhelming and challenging to research effectively.
• Clear Objective: Define a clear research question or hypothesis. This guides your study’s direction and methods.
• Brainstorm Potential Topics
• Use the Outline: Refer to the outline provided earlier for inspiration. Consider topics in musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric, geriatric, or cardiovascular physiotherapy.
• Innovative Approaches: Explore the use of technology, patient compliance, psychological aspects, or sports-related research.
• Evaluate Ethical Considerations
• Ethical Approval: Ensure your chosen topic aligns with ethical guidelines. Consider factors like informed consent, patient privacy, and data handling.
• Choose Your Topic!
• Final Selection: After considering all these factors, select a topic that excites you, addresses a gap in the field, and is feasible within your resources and timeframe.

Remember, choosing a research topic is an exciting journey. Embrace the opportunity to contribute to the field of physiotherapy, improve patient care, and expand your knowledge and skills.

151+ Research Topics For Physiotherapy Students: Category Wise

Musculoskeletal physiotherapy.

• Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Ankle Sprains
• Comparison of Manual Therapy and Exercise for Low Back Pain
• The Role of Pilates in Improving Core Strength and Stability
• Efficacy of Dry Needling in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
• Impact of Virtual Reality on Rehabilitation After ACL Reconstruction
• Muscle Imbalance and its Relationship to Injury Risk
• Use of Blood Flow Restriction Training in Muscle Rehabilitation
• Effectiveness of Cupping Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain
• Effects of Different Running Techniques on Knee Joint Stress
• Long-Term Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Function

Neurological Physiotherapy

• Rehabilitation Strategies for Improving Balance in Multiple Sclerosis
• Impact of Aquatic Therapy on Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease
• Effectiveness of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke Recovery
• Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients
• Gait Training Techniques for Individuals with Cerebral Palsy
• Neuroplasticity and its Implications for Rehabilitation
• Role of Robotics in Neurological Rehabilitation
• Effects of Tai Chi on Balance and Fall Prevention in Older Adults with Stroke
• Music Therapy for Motor Rehabilitation in Stroke Survivors
• Vestibular Rehabilitation in Patients with Vestibular Disorders

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiotherapy

• Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: Effectiveness and Adherence Rates
• Inspiratory Muscle Training for COPD Patients
• Role of Yoga in Improving Cardiovascular Health
• Exercise Prescription for Patients with Heart Failure
• Effects of High-Altitude Training on Lung Function
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases
• Non-Invasive Ventilation in Neuromuscular Disorders
• Effects of Smoking Cessation on Respiratory Function
• Impact of Breathing Exercises on Asthma Control
• Exercise Interventions for Pulmonary Hypertension

Pediatric Physiotherapy

• Early Intervention Programs for Children with Developmental Delays
• Hydrotherapy for Pediatric Rehabilitation
• Motor Learning Strategies in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Pediatric Hemiplegia
• Sensory Integration Therapy for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder
• Effects of Biking on Gross Motor Skills in Children
• Role of Play-Based Therapy in Pediatric Rehabilitation
• Pediatric Obesity and its Impact on Musculoskeletal Health
• Effects of Early Mobility in Preterm Infants
• Dance Therapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Geriatric Physiotherapy

• Falls Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies in Older Adults
• Effectiveness of Chair Yoga in Elderly Fall Prevention
• Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Function in the Elderly
• Home-Based Exercise Programs for Aging Adults
• Effects of Tai Chi on Balance and Mobility in Elderly
• Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Sarcopenia
• Role of Multidisciplinary Teams in Geriatric Rehabilitation
• Frailty Screening Tools and Interventions
• Effects of Ageism on Physical Activity in Older Adults
• Dementia and Exercise: Benefits and Challenges

Sports Physiotherapy

• Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sports Injuries in Soccer Players
• Effectiveness of Taping Techniques in Athletes
• Return to Play Guidelines Following ACL Reconstruction
• Role of Biomechanics in Running Injury Prevention
• Sports-Specific Rehabilitation Protocols
• Impact of Sports Specialization on Injury Risk in Youth Athletes
• Effects of Cryotherapy on Muscle Recovery
• Psychological Factors in Sports Injury Rehabilitation
• Nutritional Strategies for Performance Enhancement in Athletes
• Role of Physiotherapy in eSports Injury Prevention

Women’s Health and Pelvic Physiotherapy

• Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Stress Urinary Incontinence
• Effects of Pregnancy on Musculoskeletal Health
• Postpartum Exercise Programs and Recovery
• Role of Physiotherapy in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management
• Chronic Pelvic Pain Management Strategies
• Diastasis Recti: Assessment and Rehabilitation
• Impact of Menopause on Bone Health and Exercise
• Role of Physiotherapy in Breast Cancer Rehabilitation
• Pre- and Post-Operative Physiotherapy for Gynecological Surgeries
• Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: Assessment and Treatment

Orthopedic Physiotherapy

• Manual Therapy Techniques for Frozen Shoulder
• Effects of TENS Therapy on Osteoarthritis Pain
• Post-Operative Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Replacement
• Role of Physiotherapy in Rotator Cuff Tears
• Conservative Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation
• Motor Control Exercises for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
• Effects of PNF Techniques on Range of Motion
• Role of Physiotherapy in Ankle Instability
• Prehabilitation Programs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
• Postural Correction Strategies for Neck Pain

Occupational Physiotherapy

• Ergonomics and Workplace Injury Prevention
• Role of Physiotherapy in Work Rehabilitation Programs
• Return to Work Interventions for Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Job Demands Analysis and Physical Capacity Assessments
• Effects of Standing Desks on Musculoskeletal Health
• Role of Physiotherapy in Hand Rehabilitation
• Post-Operative Rehabilitation Following Hand Surgery
• Workplace Stress and its Impact on Musculoskeletal Health
• Functional Capacity Evaluations in Occupational Settings
• Role of Physiotherapy in Ergonomic Design Consultations

Pain Management

• Multimodal Approaches to Chronic Pain Management
• Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Pain Perception
• Role of Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia Management
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain
• Pain Neuroscience Education for Patients with Persistent Pain
• Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Low Back Pain
• Role of Physiotherapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
• Telehealth for Pain Management
• Pain Catastrophizing and its Influence on Treatment Outcomes
• Effects of Sleep Quality on Pain Perception

Rehabilitation Technology

• Wearable Technology for Monitoring Physical Activity
• Virtual Reality for Motor Rehabilitation
• Robotics in Rehabilitation: Current Trends and Future Directions
• Smart Textiles for Monitoring Muscle Activity
• Tele rehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges
• 3D Printing in Orthopedic Rehabilitation
• Biofeedback Systems for Muscle Rehabilitation
• Wearable Sensors for Gait Analysis
• Virtual Reality for Phantom Limb Pain
• Brain-Computer Interfaces in Stroke Rehabilitation

Health Promotion and Wellness

• Effects of Exercise on Mental Health and Wellbeing
• Role of Physiotherapy in Obesity Management
• Exercise Programs for Older Adults in Assisted Living Facilities
• Workplace Wellness Programs: Impact on Employee Health
• Community-Based Exercise Programs for Cardiovascular Health
• Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress Reduction
• Role of Physiotherapy in Smoking Cessation Programs
• Nutritional Counseling for Chronic Disease Prevention
• Exercise Prescription for Mental Health Disorders
• Impact of Social Support on Physical Activity Adherence

Rehabilitation in Specific Populations

• Effects of Exercise on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
• Role of Physiotherapy in Refugee Rehabilitation
• Rehabilitation Needs of LGBTQ+ Individuals
• Cultural Competence in Physiotherapy Practice
• Effects of Exercise on Immune Function in Cancer Patients
• Role of Physiotherapy in Prison Rehabilitation Programs
• Rehabilitation Challenges in Homeless Populations
• Effects of Exercise on Quality of Life in HIV/AIDS Patients
• Role of Physiotherapy in Rehabilitation After Human Trafficking
• Exercise Programs for Individuals with Disabilities

Innovative Approaches in Rehabilitation

• Biofeedback Training for Improving Motor Control
• Effects of Exergaming on Physical Function in Older Adults
• Role of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Tissue Healing
• Virtual Reality for Pain Management in Burn Patients
• Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Role of AI and Machine Learning in Rehabilitation
• Effects of Hippotherapy on Balance and Coordination
• Role of Music Therapy in Rehabilitation
• Hydrogen Water Therapy for Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Role of Graded Motor Imagery in Chronic Pain Rehabilitation

Ethics and Professionalism in Physiotherapy

• Informed Consent Practices in Physiotherapy Research
• Confidentiality in Telehealth Consultations
• Role of Physiotherapists in Health Advocacy
• Ethical Considerations in Exercise Prescription
• Cultural Competence in Patient Care
• Role of Physiotherapists in End-of-Life Care
• Patient Autonomy and Shared Decision-Making in Treatment
• Professional Boundaries in Physiotherapy Practice
• Ethical Implications of Social Media Use for Physiotherapists
• Conflict of Interest in Physiotherapy Research

Global Health and Physiotherapy

• Role of Physiotherapists in Disaster Relief Efforts
• Health Disparities in Access to Physiotherapy Services
• Physiotherapy in Low-Resource Settings: Challenges and Solutions
• Cross-Cultural Communication in Physiotherapy Practice
• Role of Physiotherapists in Addressing Climate Change Health Impacts

Ethical Considerations in Physiotherapy Research

• Informed Consent: Ensuring patients fully understand the research and voluntarily agree to participate.
• Confidentiality of Patient Information: Safeguarding patient privacy and protecting their personal data.
• Data Collection and Storage: Using secure methods to collect, store, and analyze research data.
• Research Ethics Committee Approval: Obtaining ethical approval before conducting any research involving human participants.

Research in physiotherapy is a dynamic and essential part of the field. For students embarking on their research journeys, the possibilities are limitless. 

From improving rehabilitation techniques to enhancing patient care, each study contributes to a brighter, healthier future.

So whether you’re intrigued by the mysteries of the musculoskeletal system or fascinated by the potential of technology in therapy, there are  research topics for physiotherapy students waiting for you to explore. Together, let’s continue pushing the boundaries of knowledge and empowering individuals to move, heal, and thrive.

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111+ Top Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

Physiotherapy is a dynamic and evolving field that plays a crucial role in the healthcare industry. Physiotherapists are responsible for helping individuals regain their physical abilities, improve their quality of life, and manage various musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular conditions. For physiotherapy students, conducting research is an essential part of their academic journey. It allows them to explore emerging trends, contribute to the field’s knowledge base, and develop critical thinking skills.

In this blog, we will provide you with a diverse list of research topics for physiotherapy students. These topics span various sub-disciplines within physiotherapy, including musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric, sports, and cardiorespiratory physiotherapy, among others. Whether you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student, you will find intriguing research ideas that can serve as a starting point for your academic journey.

What are the Research Topics in Physiotherapy?

Table of Contents

Research topics in physiotherapy refer to specific areas or questions that students and researchers aim to investigate, analyze, and contribute to through scientific inquiry. These topics are essential for advancing the profession and improving patient care. They can encompass a wide range of subjects within the field of physiotherapy, including musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, and pediatric aspects, among others.

Importance of Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

Research topics are a cornerstone of physiotherapy education for several reasons:

Advancement of Knowledge

Research topics drive the development of new knowledge and evidence-based practices in physiotherapy. By conducting research, students contribute to the body of evidence that informs clinical decision-making.

Skill Development

Engaging in research hones critical thinking, problem-solving, and data analysis skills. These skills are invaluable for students’ future careers as physiotherapists.

Patient Care Improvement

Research helps identify better treatment approaches, leading to improved patient outcomes. Physiotherapy students who engage in research can directly impact the well-being of their future patients.

Career Opportunities

Participation in research projects enhances a student’s resume and opens doors to academic and clinical career opportunities. Employers often value research experience when hiring.

Professional Growth

Research topics provide students with opportunities to collaborate with experienced researchers and faculty, fostering professional growth and networking.

How do I Choose a Topic for Physiotherapy Research?

Before know the research topics for physiotherapy students, you need to know tips for choosing topic. Selecting the right research topic is crucial for a successful research journey. Here are some steps to guide you in choosing a research topic in physiotherapy:

1. Identify Your Interests

Start by considering your personal interests within the field of physiotherapy. What aspect of physiotherapy excites you the most? Your passion will fuel your motivation throughout the research process.

2. Review Current Literature

Conduct a thorough literature review to understand what research has already been done in your chosen area. This will help you identify gaps in knowledge and potential research questions.

3. Consult with Mentors

Seek guidance from experienced faculty members or mentors. They can provide valuable insights and help you refine your research topic.

4. Consider Feasibility

Assess the resources, time, and access you have to conduct your research. Ensure that your chosen topic is feasible within your constraints.

5. Think About Impact

Consider the potential impact of your research. Will it contribute to the field? Will it benefit patients or fellow practitioners?

6. Narrow it Down

Once you’ve brainstormed ideas, narrow your focus to a specific research question. A well-defined question will make your research more manageable.

7. Research Ethics

Ensure that your chosen topic adheres to ethical guidelines and respects patient confidentiality and informed consent.

Observational Research Topics for undergraduate Physiotherapy Students

Discover the research topics for physiotherapy students in different fields:

Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The efficacy of manual therapy in treating chronic lower back pain.

2. Investigating the role of exercise in preventing and managing osteoarthritis.

3. Assessing the effectiveness of various stretching techniques in improving flexibility.

4. Examining the impact of resistance training on muscle strength and function in the elderly.

5. Comparing different rehabilitation approaches for post-surgical ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) reconstruction.

6. The relationship between muscle imbalances and the risk of sports-related injuries.

7. Investigating the use of taping techniques in the management of rotator cuff injuries.

8. The effects of aquatic therapy on pain and function in individuals with fibromyalgia.

9. Assessing the long-term outcomes of physical therapy for scoliosis management.

10. Exploring the benefits of prehabilitation exercises before joint replacement surgery.

Neurological Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy in stroke rehabilitation.

2. Investigating the role of virtual reality in improving balance and mobility in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

3. Assessing the impact of early intervention in infants with cerebral palsy.

4. Exploring the use of robotics in gait training for spinal cord injury patients.

5. The effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb pain in amputees.

6. Investigating the use of functional electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

7. Assessing the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of vertigo.

8. The role of physical therapy in managing spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients.

9. Exploring the benefits of hippotherapy for children with autism spectrum disorder.

10. The impact of balance training on fall prevention in the elderly with Parkinson’s disease.

Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effects of aerobic exercise on pulmonary function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

2. Investigating the role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving quality of life after heart surgery.

3. Assessing the benefits of inspiratory muscle training in patients with asthma.

4. The impact of breathing techniques on anxiety and stress in patients with panic disorders.

5. Exploring the use of pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.

6. Investigating the effects of home-based exercise programs in heart failure patients.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in reducing hospital readmissions for COPD patients.

8. The efficacy of airway clearance techniques in cystic fibrosis management.

9. Exploring the benefits of aerobic training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

10. Investigating the impact of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on sleep quality in patients with sleep apnea.

Pediatric Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effectiveness of early intervention in children with developmental delays.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in improving motor skills in children with Down syndrome.

3. Assessing the impact of aquatic therapy in pediatric cerebral palsy patients.

4. The effects of vestibular rehabilitation in children with balance and coordination issues.

5. Exploring the benefits of hippotherapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

6. Investigating the use of virtual reality in pediatric physical therapy for pain management.

7. Assessing the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in pediatric stroke patients.

8. The role of sensory integration therapy in children with sensory processing disorders.

9. Exploring the impact of early mobility interventions in neonatal intensive care units.

10. The effects of adapted sports and recreational activities on the physical and social development of children with disabilities.

Sports Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The impact of eccentric training on preventing hamstring injuries in athletes.

2. Investigating the effectiveness of Kinesio taping in the treatment of sports-related injuries.

3. Assessing the role of sports-specific training programs in improving athletic performance.

4. The effects of cryotherapy on muscle recovery in elite athletes.

5. Exploring the benefits of neuromuscular training in preventing ACL injuries in female athletes.

6. Investigating the use of biomechanical analysis in optimizing running gait for long-distance runners.

7. Assessing the impact of pre-season conditioning programs on injury rates in contact sports.

8. The role of sports physiotherapy in concussion management and return-to-play protocols.

9. Exploring the effects of different warm-up protocols on sprint performance in sprinters.

10. Investigating the benefits of sport-specific rehabilitation in professional athletes.

Geriatric Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of strength training on frailty and falls in elderly individuals.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in improving mobility and independence in nursing home residents.

3. Assessing the impact of balance training on reducing the risk of hip fractures in the elderly.

4. Exploring the benefits of telerehabilitation for older adults in rural areas.

5. The efficacy of home-based exercise programs in maintaining cognitive function in seniors.

6. Investigating the use of technology-assisted interventions for seniors with chronic conditions.

7. Assessing the role of aquatic therapy in improving the quality of life for elderly individuals with arthritis.

8. The effects of chair yoga on flexibility and pain management in older adults.

9. Exploring the impact of multidisciplinary geriatric assessments on healthcare outcomes.

10. The benefits of community-based exercise programs for promoting social engagement in seniors.

Women’s Health Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effectiveness of pelvic floor exercises in managing urinary incontinence.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in prenatal and postpartum care.

3. Assessing the impact of exercise interventions on menstrual cycle irregularities in athletes.

4. Exploring the benefits of manual therapy in treating endometriosis-related pain.

5. The effects of core strengthening exercises in reducing low back pain during pregnancy.

6. Investigating the use of biofeedback in pelvic floor rehabilitation.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in improving sexual function in postmenopausal women.

8. The efficacy of exercise programs in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

9. Exploring the impact of posture and ergonomics on breast health and musculoskeletal issues.

10. The benefits of physical therapy in the management of fibromyalgia in women.

Orthopedic Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of early mobilization after orthopedic surgery on recovery and complications.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in post-fracture rehabilitation.

3. Assessing the impact of manual therapy in treating frozen shoulder.

4. Exploring the benefits of proprioceptive training in ankle sprain prevention and rehabilitation.

5. The efficacy of conservative versus surgical treatment for rotator cuff tears.

6. Investigating the use of shockwave therapy in the management of tendinopathies.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of joint replacement surgery patients.

8. The effects of different bracing techniques in scoliosis management.

9. Exploring the benefits of postural correction exercises in individuals with kyphosis.

10. The impact of neuromuscular training on patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Occupational Health Physiotherapy Research Topics

1. The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in preventing workplace musculoskeletal disorders.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in managing work-related neck and upper limb pain.

3. Assessing the impact of workplace wellness programs on employee health and productivity.

4. Exploring the benefits of early intervention for repetitive strain injuries (RSI).

5. The effects of workstation modifications on reducing lower back pain in office workers.

6. Investigating the use of therapeutic exercise in the rehabilitation of work-related injuries.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in improving work-related stress and mental health.

8. The efficacy of return-to-work programs for individuals with disabilities.

9. Exploring the impact of job-specific functional assessments on return-to-work outcomes.

10. The benefits of telerehabilitation for occupational health patients.

11. Assessing the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in preventing workplace musculoskeletal disorders among remote workers.

Pain Management Physiotherapy Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions in chronic pain management.

2. Investigating the role of physical therapy in treating myofascial pain syndrome.

3. Assessing the impact of exercise therapy in reducing neuropathic pain.

4. Exploring the benefits of aquatic therapy in fibromyalgia pain relief.

5. The efficacy of graded motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treatment.

6. Investigating the use of dry needling in the management of trigger points.

7. Assessing the role of physical therapy in chronic headache management.

8. The effects of spinal manipulation in the treatment of non-specific low back pain.

9. Exploring the impact of pain education and self-management programs.

10. The benefits of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs.

11. Investigating the impact of music therapy on pain management in chronic pain patients.

Rehabilitation Technology Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students

1. Investigating the use of wearable devices in monitoring and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes.

2. Assessing the impact of telerehabilitation on patient adherence and outcomes.

3. Exploring the benefits of exoskeleton-assisted gait training in spinal cord injury patients.

4. The effects of virtual reality-based rehabilitation on motor recovery after stroke.

5. The role of robotics in upper limb rehabilitation for stroke survivors.

6. Investigating the use of brain-computer interfaces in neurorehabilitation.

7. Assessing the impact of gamification in pediatric rehabilitation.

8. Exploring the benefits of biofeedback and neurofeedback in rehabilitation.

9. The efficacy of tele-physiotherapy for rural and underserved populations.

10. Investigating the integration of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation assessment and planning.

11. Exploring the benefits of 3D printing technology in creating customized orthotic devices for rehabilitation.

Research topics in physiotherapy are a gateway to advancing the profession and improving patient care. They provide students with opportunities to develop critical skills, contribute to the body of knowledge, and make a positive impact on the lives of individuals seeking rehabilitation. Choosing the right research topic is a crucial step, and it should align with your interests, the current state of knowledge, and the resources available to you.

The research topics for physiotherapy students we’ve explored in this guide cover a wide range of physiotherapy specialties, from musculoskeletal and neurological to cardiopulmonary and pediatric. Whether you’re passionate about helping athletes prevent injuries or improving the quality of life for elderly individuals, there’s a research topic that suits your interests.

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Home > Books > Physical Therapy - Towards Evidence-Based Practice

Orthopedic Applications: Advancing Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Health

Submitted: 18 September 2023 Reviewed: 20 September 2023 Published: 06 February 2024

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1003098

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Physical Therapy - Towards Evidence-Based Practice

Hideki Nakano

To purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www.cbspd.com | [email protected]

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Orthopedic physiotherapy is pivotal in musculoskeletal healthcare, addressing diverse musculoskeletal system conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of orthopedic physiotherapy, covering historical evolution, evidence-based principles, diagnostic assessments, therapeutic modalities, exercise prescriptions, post-operative considerations, specialized interventions, technological integration, and patient education. It emphasizes the criticality of evidence-based practice, diagnostic precision, and tailored rehabilitation regimens in achieving optimal patient outcomes. Integrating technology, including advanced imaging modalities and wearable devices, enhances diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient engagement. Patient education and self-management strategies empower individuals to participate in their rehabilitation journey actively. This article underscores the evolving landscape of orthopedic physiotherapy, with ongoing collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and technology reshaping musculoskeletal healthcare.

• orthopedic physiotherapy
• musculoskeletal disorders
• evidence-based practice
• technological integration
• patient education

Author Information

Harshavardhan sai sadineni *.

• Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

*Address all correspondence to: [email protected]

1. Introduction

Orthopedic physiotherapy is a pivotal branch within the broader field of physiotherapeutic practice, focused on assessing, diagnosing, and managing musculoskeletal disorders, involving a comprehensive approach to restoring optimal function, relieving pain, and improving the quality of life for individuals afflicted by a vast array of orthopedic conditions.

Ancient Greece is a foundational period, with luminaries like Hippocrates acknowledging the pivotal role of movement and exercise in joint health. In this era, specific exercises, massage techniques, and hydrotherapy were prescribed to address musculoskeletal issues, such as joint dislocations and fractures. Fast-forward to the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and we encounter remarkable pioneers who propelled orthopedic physiotherapy into a formalized medical specialty. Sister Elizabeth Kenny in Australia and Thomas Bertrand in the United States made pioneering contributions. Sister Kenny introduced groundbreaking techniques, particularly for polio treatment [ 1 ].

The mid-twentieth century they have marked another key juncture, with influential figures like Dr. James Cyriax in the United Kingdom playing a central role in advancing the field. Dr. Cyriax’s work significantly contributed to understanding musculoskeletal conditions and developing specialized manual therapy techniques [ 2 ]. These innovations laid a solid foundation for the precise diagnosis and targeted interventions that define orthopedic physiotherapy today.

In recent years, technology has profoundly influenced orthopedic physiotherapy. Tools such as wearable devices, virtual reality simulations, and telehealth platforms have expanded treatment options and patient engagement. In this era of patient-centered care, patient education holds immense importance, comprising proper body mechanics, ergonomics, lifestyle modifications, and strategies to minimize the risk of injury or exacerbation of symptoms.

2. Understanding musculoskeletal disorders

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a broad spectrum of pathological conditions that affect bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissues. The symptoms exhibited by individuals with MSDs are as diverse as the conditions themselves. For instance, Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, frequently presents with symptoms such as joint pain (arthralgia), crepitus (crackling or grinding sensations within the joint), stiffness, and a gradual loss of joint cartilage, which results in joint space narrowing. As OA advances, patients may also experience joint stiffness after rest periods, often called the “gelling phenomenon,” and joint effusion due to synovial inflammation [ 3 ].

This condition is further marked by functional impairment, including reduced range of motion and muscle weakness, along with the development of osteophytes (bony outgrowths) at joint margins. In contrast, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an autoimmune MSD, manifests with symptoms such as joint inflammation (synovitis) leading to symmetric polyarthritis (affecting multiple joints on both sides of the body), morning stiffness that lasts for more than 30 minutes, and joint deformities resulting from the erosion of cartilage and bone. Patients with RA may also experience systemic symptoms, including fatigue, fever, and extra-articular manifestations, encompassing rheumatoid nodules, vasculitis, and lung involvement.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) constitute a substantial global health burden, affecting over 1.3 billion people worldwide and ranking as the leading cause of disability, leading to 121.3 thousand deaths and 138.7 million Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 4 ]. The direct and indirect economic costs associated with MSDs were $1.5 and $1.1 billion in 2007 [ 5 ]. Moreover, studies have shown that individuals suffering from chronic MSDs experience reduced mobility, increased pain, and diminished overall quality of life.

One of the primary categories of MSDs is degenerative disorders. Among these conditions, osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder, making it one of the most common joint diseases. Its significance lies in its substantial contribution to pain, disability, and economic costs. Osteoarthritis primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees, and spine. Another degenerative disorder is degenerative disk disease, which affects the intervertebral disks of the spine, causing chronic back pain and potential nerve compression.

Inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, arise from an autoimmune response targeting the synovial membranes of joints. This results in inflammation, pain, swelling, and joint deformities. Rheumatoid arthritis has systemic effects, impacting multiple organs and systems beyond the joints. Ankylosing spondylitis, another inflammatory disorder, predominantly affects the spine, leading to spinal fusion, reduced mobility, and postural abnormalities, such as an exaggerated forward stoop known as kyphosis and the loss of the normal lumbar curvature (lordosis), which can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and daily functioning.

Acute and chronic traumatic injuries contribute significantly to the spectrum of MSDs. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains can result from accidents, sports injuries, or repetitive overuse. These injuries often require comprehensive management to ensure proper healing, restore function, and prevent long-term complications. Tendonitis and tenosynovitis, characterized by inflammation of tendons and their surrounding structures, encompass various types and examples. Achilles tendonitis, affecting the Achilles tendon at the back of the ankle, and lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, are well-recognized forms. Additionally, de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, impacting the tendons of the thumb, and rotator cuff tendonitis, affecting the shoulder, are among the frequently encountered variations of these chronic overuse injuries.

Alignment and postural disorders are also noteworthy contributors to MSDs. Conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis involve abnormal spinal curvature, often leading to asymmetry, pain, and compromised respiratory function. Poor posture, frequently exacerbated by prolonged periods of sitting and excessive screen use, can result in muscle imbalances that lead to specific limitations. These limitations often include a decreased range of motion in joints, particularly in the neck, shoulders, and lower back, and compromised spinal alignment, resulting in conditions like forward head posture or increased thoracic kyphosis. Such postural issues can escalate into chronic pain, including neck and back pain, headaches, and shoulder discomfort.

Understanding the pathophysiology of MSDs is essential for effective management. Genetic predisposition, biomechanical factors, systemic inflammation, and environmental influences contribute to the development of these disorders. Inflammation causes the initiation and progression of numerous musculoskeletal disorders. This cascade begins with releasing inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), often triggered by factors like tissue injury or infection. These cytokines serve as signaling molecules, attracting immune cells, primarily neutrophils and macrophages, to the site of injury or inflammation.

Upon arrival, immune cells release enzymes like Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators, perpetuating tissue damage by degrading extracellular matrix components like collagen and proteoglycans in joint cartilage. Simultaneously, activated immune cells can initiate an autoimmune response, as observed in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where immune cells mistakenly target and attack synovial tissues.

Furthermore, the inflammatory milieu within affected joints amplifies pain signaling. Nociceptive nerve endings become sensitized due to the release of substances like bradykinin and prostaglandins, heightening pain perception. Additionally, the inflammatory process can lead to the formation of pannus, an invasive synovial tissue, which erodes cartilage and bone, altering joint structures and exacerbating functional impairment. These molecular and cellular interactions emphasize the need for targeted anti-inflammatory therapies in their management.

Diagnosing and managing MSDs involves a comprehensive approach, including clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Clinical assessments encompass history-taking, physical exams, and functional tests to identify impairments and their impact. Imaging techniques like X-rays, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound aid in precise diagnoses. MSD management is multidisciplinary, with orthopedic physiotherapy at its core. Tailored treatment plans include non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise therapy and manual techniques, complemented by medications like Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Surgical interventions may be necessary for joint replacements, followed by post-operative rehabilitation.

3. Principles of evidence-based practice in physiotherapy

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the cornerstone of modern healthcare, providing a systematic framework for clinical decision-making allowing practitioners to offer optimal care based on research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. At its core, it emphasizes the integration of three essential components: external clinical evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values.

External clinical evidence is derived from high-quality research studies, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyzes. These studies are designed to rigorously evaluate the efficacy and safety of various interventions, allowing clinicians to make informed decisions about the most appropriate treatment approaches for specific conditions. The critical appraisal of research studies is a skill that physiotherapists must cultivate to determine the reliability and applicability.

Another crucial aspect is clinical expertise gained through years of education, training, and experience. Physiotherapists bring their unique understanding of anatomy, biomechanics, and patient interactions to decision-making, allowing practitioners to adapt interventions based on individual patient needs, comorbidities, and potential contraindications. Incorporating patient values and preferences recognizes that each patient has unique goals, values, and expectations. Practitioners can tailor interventions to various lifestyle and treatment goals by involving patients in decision-making. This enhances patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment plans.

Clinical questions are structured using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) framework, helping refine the inquiry’s focus. Once the question is formulated, a systematic literature search is conducted, and a critical appraisal of these studies follows, evaluating their methodological rigor, validity, and applicability to clinical practice. The synthesis of evidence involves weighing the results of multiple studies to conclude. This synthesis may take the form of systematic reviews or meta-analyzes to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. Based on the evidence synthesis, physiotherapists make informed decisions about treatment approaches, considering each option’s benefits, risks, and feasibility.

As new research emerges and treatment guidelines evolve, physiotherapists must stay updated to ensure their practice remains aligned with the latest evidence. Continuing education, attending conferences, and participating in peer discussions are all strategies that facilitate the integration of new knowledge and skills into clinical practice. Through a commitment to ongoing learning and critical appraisal, physiotherapists uphold the highest standards of care, advancing the field and enhancing the well-being of those they serve.

4. Assessment techniques for orthopedic conditions

Accurate and thorough assessment forms the bedrock of effective orthopedic physiotherapy. A diverse array of assessment techniques, ranging from clinical examinations to advanced imaging technologies, helps decipher the intricacies of orthopedic conditions and devise targeted interventions.

Clinical assessments are the initial step, involving comprehensive history-taking and physical examination to establish an understanding of the patient’s condition. The patient’s medical history, including past injuries, surgeries, and relevant medical conditions, provides context for the current musculoskeletal complaint. The physical examination encompasses evaluating the joint range of motion, muscle strength, and functional movement patterns and identifying areas of pain or discomfort.

Functional movement assessments encompass various specialized tests, each serving a specific purpose. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS), developed by Gray Cook, is a notable example [ 6 ]. It evaluates fundamental movement patterns and identifies any imbalances or dysfunctions. By pinpointing areas of weakness or asymmetry, physiotherapists can design exercise regimens tailored to address these vulnerabilities, reducing the risk of future injuries.

Sport-specific functional assessments dive deep into the specific demands of a particular sport, analyzing an athlete’s movement patterns and biomechanics about their chosen activity. For instance, in soccer, the FIFA 11+ program is an evidence-based assessment and exercise regimen designed to reduce the risk of soccer-related injuries [ 7 ]. By identifying areas of weakness or improper technique that may predispose athletes to injuries, physiotherapists can tailor interventions and exercise programs to enhance performance and significantly reduce the risk of sports-related injuries.

Through comprehensive gait analysis, physiotherapists can detect abnormalities or compensatory movements that may lead to joint stress or pain. For example, 3D motion analysis systems like Vicon provide precise and quantitative data on gait mechanics. Subsequently, physiotherapists can devise personalized interventions and exercise programs to correct gait issues.

Functional assessments have garnered substantial attention due to their capacity to uncover specific movement deficiencies and their direct application in injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Researchers like Dr. Phil Plisky have further advanced the understanding of functional assessments’ efficacy in reducing injury risk and improving overall musculoskeletal health [ 8 ].

By manually palpating muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints, physiotherapists can identify areas of tenderness, muscle spasms, and tissue abnormalities. It involves a gentle and systematic technique to assess the skin and superficial tissues. Gradually, they delve deeper into the anatomy, evaluating underlying structures meticulously. Bilateral comparison of corresponding structures on both sides of the body helps them uncover disparities in muscle tone, tenderness, or joint mobility. Accurate anatomical landmark identification is integral; for instance, when examining the knee, palpating the patellar tendon insertion at the tibia’s tuberosity provides critical insights into its condition and function.

Texture and temperature evaluation are vital. Inflammation, for example, can manifest as warmth in the affected area and may lead to changes in tissue texture, such as swelling or fibrosis. Muscle tone assessment through palpation unveils valuable information about muscle spasms, trigger points, and regions of hypertonicity or hypotonicity. The presence of palpable knots or nodules within a muscle, for instance, may indicate the existence of trigger points, shedding light on potential sources of pain or discomfort.

Furthermore, palpation is instrumental in evaluating joint mobility. Physiotherapists employ this technique to detect restricted joint motion or the presence of crepitus—those telltale crackling or popping sensations that can hint at joint dysfunction, such as osteoarthritis or ligamentous instability. Distinguished figures in physiotherapy, such as Dr. Shirley Sahrmann, have significantly contributed to the refinement and understanding of palpation techniques, particularly in musculoskeletal assessment [ 9 ].

A diverse array of specialized tests is meticulously designed to provoke or reproduce symptoms, providing crucial insights for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. The Straight Leg Raise Test, a cornerstone in diagnosing nerve root irritation, is often seen in conditions such as herniated disks or sciatica. During the test, the patient lies supine, and the physiotherapist gently raises the patient’s straightened leg. If the elevation of the leg elicits radiating pain along the sciatic nerve pathway, it can strongly indicate nerve compression or irritation.

The Apprehension Test is particularly relevant in diagnosing shoulder instability, where the shoulder joint is prone to dislocation. In this test, the physiotherapist gently rotates the patient’s arm, placing stress on the anterior shoulder joint. If the patient experiences apprehension or discomfort during this maneuver, it suggests instability, signifying the potential for dislocation.

The McMurray Test is focused on diagnosing meniscal injuries in the knee joint, a crucial assessment tool. During the test, the physiotherapist flexes the patient’s knee while externally rotating the leg and applying varus or valgus stress. If the patient experiences a clicking or popping sensation, it may indicate a meniscal tear. The Apley’s Compression Test aids in diagnosing meniscal or ligamentous injuries in the knee. The physiotherapist applies downward compression on the patient’s knee while rotating the tibia. Pain or discomfort during this maneuver can suggest issues like meniscal tears or ligamentous damage.

The Lachman Test is a central assessment in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in knee injuries. The physiotherapist stabilizes the patient’s femur while applying anterior force to the tibia. Increased anterior tibial translation compared to the uninjured knee can indicate ACL damage. The Phalen’s Test is used in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome, a common condition affecting the wrist. The physiotherapist flexes the patient’s wrists and briefly holds them in a neutral position. Tingling or numbness in the median nerve distribution can indicate carpal tunnel syndrome.

To assess biceps tendon pathology in the shoulder, the Speed’s Test requires the patient to flex their shoulder against resistance actively. Pain or discomfort in the bicipital groove may suggest issues like tendinitis or biceps tendon tears. Prominent researchers and practitioners like Dr. James Andrews and Dr. Stuart McGill have contributed significantly to the understanding and refining of these specialized tests, further enhancing their utility in orthopedic physiotherapy.

Advanced imaging modalities offer deeper insights into orthopedic conditions. X-rays provide detailed views of bone structures, aiding in diagnosing fractures, joint degeneration, and alignment abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers high-resolution images of soft tissues, enabling the visualization of ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and internal joint structures. Ultrasound is another valuable tool for visualizing soft tissues in real-time, assisting in assessing muscle injuries, tendonitis, and bursitis.

Objective measurement tools, such as goniometers and inclinometers, enhance the precision of orthopedic assessments. Isokinetic dynamometers measure muscle strength across various joint movements, identifying muscular imbalances and guiding the design of targeted strength training regimens. Three-dimensional motion analysis systems, exemplified by technologies like Vicon, offer a comprehensive view of joint movements in three dimensions. Whether it’s assessing the intricate mechanics of a runner’s stride or the intricacies of a baseball pitcher’s throw, these systems enable detailed and medically specific evaluations.

Electromyography (EMG), like the Noraxon EMG system, allows for the real-time measurement of muscle activity, empowering physiotherapists to pinpoint areas of dysfunction, identify muscle imbalances, and design interventions that precisely target optimal muscle activation [ 10 ]. Whether analyzing the firing patterns of muscles in patients with neuromuscular disorders or optimizing the rehabilitation of athletes recovering from injuries, EMG offers medically specific data that inform tailored treatment plans.

Psychosocial assessments recognize the interplay between psychological factors and musculoskeletal health. Pain perception, fear avoidance behaviors, and psychological distress can significantly influence the experience and progression of orthopedic conditions.

Functional outcome measures are often facilitated through questionnaires and standardized scales that span a spectrum of parameters, encompassing pain intensity, functional limitations, and overall quality of life. One widely employed outcome measure is the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which quantifies pain intensity on a scale from 0 to 10, thereby serving as a vital baseline for treatment planning and progression monitoring.

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is specifically tailored to assess hip and knee osteoarthritis; this questionnaire delves into pain, stiffness, and physical function [ 11 ]. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is instrumental in evaluating upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and exploring the impact of these conditions on an individual’s ability to perform various activities aids in devising targeted interventions. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is used for patients with lower limb injuries or disorders. It assesses functional limitations in individuals with conditions affecting the lower extremities, aiding in formulating rehabilitation plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs.

Moreover, in spinal conditions, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is invaluable. Specifically designed for individuals with low back pain, it quantifies the impact of pain on various aspects of daily life, from walking to sleeping. From clinical evaluations and functional movement assessments to advanced imaging technologies and objective measurement tools, the information guides the development of individualized treatment plans that address each patient’s needs and optimize musculoskeletal health outcomes.

5. Therapeutic modalities and techniques in orthopedic physiotherapy

Orthopedic physiotherapy encompasses therapeutic modalities and techniques to alleviate pain, improve function, and enhance the musculoskeletal health of individuals with various orthopedic conditions. This diverse array of interventions draws upon traditional and innovative approaches.

A hands-on approach, manual involves skilled techniques applied to joints, soft tissues, and other structures to restore mobility, alleviate pain, and enhance tissue healing. Joint mobilizations and manipulations, for instance, are employed to improve joint range of motion, reduce stiffness, and promote synovial fluid circulation. Soft tissue mobilizations, such as myofascial release and trigger point therapy, target muscle tension and adhesions, facilitating tissue relaxation and enhancing blood flow.

Customized exercise programs address muscle imbalances, enhance joint stability, and improve functional capacity. Strengthening exercises target specific muscle groups to address weakness and restore muscular balance around joints. Incorporating proprioceptive and neuromuscular retraining exercises into a rehabilitation program can be instrumental in restoring coordination, balance, and motor control, all essential for functional movements and injury prevention.

Functional movement assessments guide the selection of therapeutic exercises by identifying movement dysfunctions and compensatory patterns. Moreover, progressive loading and resistance adjustments are made as the patient’s condition improves, facilitating muscle strengthening, joint stability, and overall functional enhancement. Manual therapy and exercise interventions often synergize with pain management strategies. Manual traction and neural mobilizations target nerve-related pain by relieving nerve compression and promoting glide. Pain modulation strategies, including heat, cold, or electrical stimulation, contribute to pain relief and tissue healing.

Telehealth platforms, like Telerehab, have emerged as powerful tools, enabling remote consultations that transcend geographical constraints. These platforms allow Patients to access expert guidance, exercise regimens, and real-time progress tracking. Wearable devices and sensors, such as the Myo armband and gait analysis systems like the Gait real-time analysis interactive lab (GRAIL), have revolutionized orthopedic physiotherapy by enabling real-time monitoring of movement patterns and biomechanics [ 12 ]. These technologies offer quantitative insights into patients’ physical activities and aid in the early identification of aberrant movement patterns. Patients engage in therapeutic exercises within virtual environments, like the Oculus Rift, enhancing motivation and significantly improving adherence to prescribed regimens. This gamified approach to rehabilitation holds great potential.

Hydrotherapy, or aquatic therapy, offers a unique therapeutic environment for orthopedic rehabilitation. The buoyancy of water reduces joint loading, allowing patients to perform exercises with less impact on injured or painful areas. Water resistance adds a strengthening component to exercises, contributing to muscle activation and cardiovascular fitness. Hydrotherapy is particularly beneficial for conditions involving weight-bearing joints, such as the spine, hips, knees, and ankles.

Orthopedic physiotherapists harness a variety of manual techniques to address specific conditions. Mulligan’s concept of mobilizations with movement (MWM) combines passive joint mobilization with active, pain-free movements, promoting immediate improvements in joint mechanics and functional outcomes [ 13 ]. The McKenzie method focuses on patient-specific mechanical assessment and exercise prescription to manage spinal conditions and address radicular symptoms.

Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) utilizes specialized tools to target adhesions and scar tissue within soft tissues. This technique improves tissue flexibility, reduces pain, and enhances movement [ 14 ]. Similarly, kinesio-taping involves the application of elastic tape to muscles and joints to provide support, enhance proprioception, and facilitate lymphatic drainage.

By harnessing the power of these various modalities, practitioners empower individuals to overcome orthopedic challenges, optimize functional outcomes, and ultimately enhance their overall quality of life.

6. Exercise prescription for musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Exercise prescription guides recovery, strength enhancement, and functional improvement. Tailoring exercise regimens to individuals’ unique needs, goals, and pathologies requires a deep understanding of anatomy, biomechanics, and the principles of exercise science. Exercise selection is based on specificity, overload, progression, and individualization. Specificity dictates that exercises should target the muscles, joints, and movement patterns directly relevant to the individual’s condition. Overload involves progressively challenging the body’s capacities to induce physiological adaptations. Progression ensures that exercises evolve as the patient’s strength, endurance, and mobility improve. Individualization tailors exercise to the patient’s physical capabilities, ensuring that the prescribed regimen is neither too strenuous nor too easy.

Therapeutic exercise regimens often include three primary categories of exercises: flexibility, strength, and neuromuscular control. Flexibility exercises enhance joint range of motion and tissue extensibility, preventing stiffness and promoting overall joint health. Stretching techniques, including static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, play a role in maintaining or improving flexibility.

Strength exercises form a core component of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Strengthening weak muscles and addressing muscular imbalances is essential to enhance joint stability and prevent future injuries. Resistance training, involving free weights, machines, resistance bands, or body weight, challenges muscles to generate force against resistance. Eccentric training, focusing on the lengthening phase of muscle contraction, is often employed to manage tendinopathies and enhance tendon health.

Neuromuscular control exercises enhance proprioception, coordination, and motor control. Balance training, functional movements, and proprioceptive exercises challenge the body’s ability to maintain equilibrium and control movement. Volume refers to the total amount of exercise performed, encompassing sets, repetitions, and duration. Intensity involves the effort expended during exercises and can be adjusted through factors like resistance, load, or difficulty. Frequency determines how often exercise sessions are performed, considering recovery and adaptational capacities.

Progression within exercise prescription is essential for continuous improvement. Incremental adjustments are made to exercise variables to ensure ongoing adaptation. Gradually increasing resistance, repetitions, or exercise complexity challenges the body and fosters strength gains. Progression is guided by the patient’s response to exercise and ability to tolerate increased loads.

Periodization strategies organize exercise programs into distinct phases to optimize long-term progress. These phases often include preparatory, strength-building, and maintenance phases. Periodization allows for systematic progression, recovery, and avoidance of plateaus, ensuring sustained improvements in musculoskeletal health.

Physiotherapists educate patients on proper exercise technique, form, and alignment to minimize the risk of injury and enhance exercise effectiveness. Teaching patients to self-monitor their exertion levels and recognize overexertion signs ensure safe and successful exercise sessions. Motivation and adherence are often seen when patients find their exercise programs enjoyable and aligned with their aspirations. Engaging patients in shared decision-making empowers them to take ownership of their rehabilitation journey and fosters collaboration between the patient and the physiotherapist.

7. Post-operative rehabilitation: orthopedic considerations

Post-operative rehabilitation is crucial in optimizing outcomes and restoring function. The surgical techniques, tissue healing, and rehabilitation strategies all together shape the recovery trajectory. Understanding each procedure is essential for formulating rehabilitation protocols. In the immediate post-operative phase, rehabilitation often focuses on pain management, edema control, and early mobilization. Gentle range of motion exercises and controlled loading are initiated to prevent joint stiffness and muscle atrophy.

In joint replacement surgeries, such as total hip or knee replacements, rehabilitation is critical in restoring joint function and mobility. Initial exercises concentrate on regaining joint range of motion and preventing joint capsule adhesions. Gradual weight-bearing progression and muscle-strengthening exercises are introduced to restore joint stability and enhance functional capacity. A balance between early mobilization and cautious progression is struck to ensure optimal healing and implant longevity. Orthopedic surgeries involving ligament repairs, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, demand meticulous rehabilitation protocols. Progressive strengthening exercises, neuromuscular control drills, and proprioceptive training are crucial to restore joint stability and prevent re-injury.

Spinal surgeries, including spinal fusion or discectomy, require careful consideration of biomechanics and tissue healing. Early mobilization emphasizing proper body mechanics is essential to prevent complications and promote spinal alignment. Strengthening exercises that target the core muscles help in maintaining spinal stability and reducing the risk of post-operative back pain. Fracture fixation surgeries necessitate graded loading and progressive weight-bearing strategies. Rehabilitation begins with gentle range of motion exercises to prevent joint stiffness and promote bone healing. Resistance exercises and functional tasks are integrated as healing progresses to restore bone strength and joint function.

Regular communication between orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, and other healthcare providers enables adjustments to the rehabilitation plan based on the patient’s progress, complications, and individual needs. This collaborative approach ensures the rehabilitation plan remains dynamic and responsive to the patient’s evolving condition. Patient education help gain insight into self-care techniques, precautionary measures, and signs of potential complications, empowering them to participate in their recovery journey actively.

8. Integrating technology in orthopedic physiotherapy

Technology integration into orthopedic physiotherapy has personalized patient care from diagnostics and treatment planning to monitor progress and enhance patient engagement. Imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound offer detailed insights into musculoskeletal structures, aiding in identifying pathologies and guiding treatment decisions. Three-dimensional imaging and advanced visualization techniques allow clinicians to assess complex joint and spinal conditions accurately.

Robot-assisted rehabilitation devices have emerged as pioneering tools, catalyzing the recovery process for patients facing severe impairments. One example of robot-assisted rehabilitation is the robotic exoskeletons, such as the Ekso GT, in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. These exoskeletons are meticulously designed to provide individuals with paraplegia or tetraplegia the opportunity to regain mobility. Through a complex system of sensors and actuators, the Ekso GT assists patients in achieving controlled, weight-bearing steps, thus promoting muscle activation and enhancing lower extremity strength [ 15 ].

Devices like the ArmeoSpring support and guide the arm through a series of customized exercises. These exercises target specific muscle groups and movement patterns, facilitating neuroplasticity and motor skill recovery. For patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, the ArmeoSpring offers a lifeline toward regaining fine motor control, enhancing activities of daily living, and ultimately, improving overall quality of life [ 16 ].

Moreover, robot-assisted rehabilitation is instrumental in addressing knee osteoarthritis through devices like the Lokomat, a robotic gait training system. It also provides objective feedback to physiotherapists, allowing for data-driven adjustments to therapy regimens. Researchers and clinicians, including Dr. Helen Dawes, Dr. Paolo Bonato, and Dr. Michelle Johnson, continue to push the boundaries of this field, ensuring that patients with orthopedic challenges receive the highest standard of care.

Technology-driven biofeedback systems enhance proprioception, coordination, and motor control, making them particularly effective for stroke, spinal cord injuries, and neurological disorders. By promoting neuroplasticity, biofeedback technology aids in restoring functional independence.

Digital platforms and mobile applications deliver personalized exercise programs directly to patients’ devices, empower patients with knowledge, enhance adherence, and foster engagement through instructional videos, progress tracking, and interactive reminders. Physitrack is used in the management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis. Patients receive explicit, step-by-step instructional videos directly on their smartphones or tablets, ensuring that exercises are performed correctly. The app offers progress tracking functionalities, allowing patients to monitor their improvement over time and share this data with their physiotherapists for informed adjustments to treatment plans.

Similarly, with MyRehabPro, physiotherapists can prescribe comprehensive exercise programs via the platform after procedures like joint replacements or arthroscopic surgeries. Patients receive detailed video demonstrations and customizable reminders to ensure consistent adherence to their prescribed regimen [ 17 ]. Furthermore, applications like PhysioU provide a wealth of clinical resources and tools. Clinicians can access a library of evidence-based exercises, tests, and assessments to create highly personalized treatment plans [ 18 ]. The application facilitates real-time documentation, ensuring accurate and comprehensive record-keeping.

Esteemed researchers and experts in the field, such as Dr. Karen Ginn, Dr. Karin Grävare Silbernagel, and Dr. Ann Cools, continue to champion the integration of technology in orthopedic physiotherapy, ensuring that patients receive the highest caliber of care and support throughout their recovery journeys [ 19 ].

9. Patient education and self-management strategies

Patient education and self-management strategies are pivotal to imparting knowledge and equipping patients with the skills to actively engage in their recovery process. Clinicians recognize the individuality of each patient, adapting their communication style, content, and pace to match the patient’s comprehension level and cultural context. This personalized approach establishes a rapport that encourages open dialog and promotes active participation in decision-making.

Patients gain insights into the underlying anatomy, the factors contributing to their condition, and the implications for their overall well-being. By employing visual aids and straightforward language, clinicians facilitate a clear understanding of complex concepts, fostering a sense of ownership over their health.

The rationale behind treatment interventions is to enhance patient engagement, compliance, and treatment adherence. Pain education is critical, mainly when pain is a significant factor. Patients learn about pain mechanisms, the role of inflammation, and strategies for managing pain. By differentiating between acute and chronic pain and providing techniques for pain relief, clinicians enable patients to participate actively.

Self-management includes teaching techniques for self-mobilization, maintaining proper body mechanics, and being mindful of posture. Functional rehabilitation strategies extend the principles learned in the clinic to real-world scenarios. Patients receive guidance on adapting their daily activities and work tasks to align with their condition. Functional exercises mimic activities patients encounter in their everyday lives, enabling a seamless transition from therapeutic exercises to functional movements.

Setting realistic goals enhances motivation and commitment. Patients gain a clear sense of purpose and direction, understanding how their efforts contribute to their overall progress. Regularly revisiting and adjusting goals ensures patients remain engaged and motivated throughout their rehabilitation. Recognizing the psychosocial dimensions of rehabilitation, clinicians address the emotional challenges that patients may encounter. Patients are provided with coping strategies, resources, and referrals to mental health professionals when needed.

Incorporating diverse learning modalities ensures that patients receive information in ways that resonate with them. Visual aids, written materials, online resources, and interactive tools accommodate various preferences, enhancing understanding and retention of information.

10. Conclusion

Orthopedic physiotherapy is a fundamental pillar in musculoskeletal healthcare, addressing a vast spectrum of conditions affecting bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissues. In this comprehensive exploration, we have gone through the field of orthopedic physiotherapy, traversing its historical evolution, evidence-based foundations, diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic modalities, exercise prescription, post-operative considerations, specialized interventions, technological integration, and patient education.

Orthopedic physiotherapy is vital in musculoskeletal healthcare, underscoring its fundamental contribution to evidence-based practice. A diverse spectrum of conditions, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), encompass ailments such as osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendonitis, and tenosynovitis. Each disorder manifests with distinctive clinical presentations, imposing a significant global health burden.

The underlying principles of evidence-based practice emphasize the criticality of empirical data, clinical expertise, and research in molding practical therapeutic approaches. Subsequently, an extensive examination of diagnostic assessment techniques transpired, encompassing clinical evaluation, physical examination, and advanced imaging modalities, including X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. These diagnostic tools serve as indispensable instruments in precisely identifying orthopedic conditions and evaluating their impact on patients’ daily lives.

The therapeutic modalities and techniques that constitute the core of this field were highlighted. Exercise therapy assumes a central role within this sphere, targeting muscle strength, joint stability, and mobility enhancement. Manual therapy techniques, including joint and soft tissue mobilizations, were unveiled as valuable assets in pain alleviation, muscle tension reduction, and joint mobility restoration. Furthermore, the chapter delved into the intricacies of exercise prescription for musculoskeletal rehabilitation, emphasizing its critical role in enhancing functional capacity and reducing the risk of future injuries. The meticulous tailoring of exercise regimens to individual patient needs and conditions emerged as a cornerstone, facilitating a personalized approach to rehabilitation.

In the post-operative arena, orthopedic considerations took center stage, shedding light on the importance of post-surgical rehabilitation under the guidance of orthopedic physiotherapists. Surgical interventions, spanning joint replacements, arthroscopic procedures, and spinal surgeries, were subjected to comprehensive examination, highlighting the pivotal role of rehabilitation in optimizing post-operative outcomes, minimizing complications, and restoring function.

Specialized approaches tailored to specific joint and spinal conditions further expanded our horizon, introducing advanced techniques and innovative interventions that provide tailored solutions to orthopedic challenges. Technology integration was unveiled as a driving force in reshaping orthopedic physiotherapy. Imaging modalities, wearable devices, telehealth, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), robot-assisted rehabilitation, biofeedback systems, digital platforms, and mobile applications were scrutinized for their potential to enhance diagnostics, treatment planning, monitoring, and patient engagement. Patient education and self-management strategies emerged as critical components in empowering individuals to participate in their rehabilitation journey actively. These strategies enhance understanding, adherence, and the long-term management of musculoskeletal conditions.

In this dynamic and ever-evolving field, the collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and technology continues to shape the future of musculoskeletal healthcare. It ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care and support in their journey to recovery. Orthopedic physiotherapy remains at the forefront, poised to further advance musculoskeletal health through its commitment to evidence-based practice, innovative interventions, and patient-centered care.

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• 15. Duddy D, Doherty R, Connolly J, Loughrey J, Condell J, Hassan D, et al. The cardiorespiratory demands of treadmill walking with and without the use of Ekso GT™ within able-bodied participants: A feasibility study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 May 2022; 19 (10):6176. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106176
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Modified Oblique Lobenhoffer (MOL) approach for posterolateral and posteromedial column access in tibial plateau fractures: a detailed cadaveric anatomical study

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Unravelling variations: an examination of entry point selection in proximal femoral cephalomedullary nailing

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Autogenous structural bone graft reconstruction of ≥ 10-mm-deep uncontained medial proximal tibial defects in primary total knee arthroplasty

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Lateralising reverse shoulder arthroplasty using bony increased offset (BIO-RSA) or increasing glenoid component diameter: comparison of clinical, radiographic and patient reported outcomes in a matched cohort

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Plate osteosynthesis with implants made of carbon-fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has recently been introduced for the treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus (PHFs). The advantages of ...

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100+ Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students in 2022

Team Desklib

Published: 2022-08-18

The physiotherapy profession has addressed the significance of teaching students the fundamentals and applications of research through its published educational accreditation criteria and normative model of professional education.

The goal of Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students  is to conduct a long-term study of students in relation to their perception of research knowledge, perception of the best source to use when making clinical decisions, and their perception of the best tools to use when managing patients in a clinical setting.

How Physiotherapy Students can Choose Manageable Research Topics?

Discover what is already known about your issue and what unanswered research questions exist after reviewing it. The most recent literature will likely be the source of your research question.

What details and research remain on your problem? Which publications you discovered have you had "implications for future research"? Research Topics for Physiotherapy  Students  can take many different forms. Let's go through these topics one by one -

Top 25 Interesting Physiotherapy Research Topics

• Knee osteoarthritis can be treated with quadriceps workouts and Kinesio taping.
• Knee osteoarthritis can be treated with ultrasound therapy and knee joint mobilization.
• Effectiveness of resistance training and therapeutic ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis.
• Effect of nerve mobilization and gliding procedures in carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Contrasting the effects of conventional physical therapy methods with phonophoresis in osteoarthritis.
• Shoulder exercises for people who have had CABG.
• Effects of strengthening exercises and Kinesio taping for diastasis recti in postpartum women.
• Techniques for mobilization and hold relaxation for limited knee range of motion.
• Exercises that increase strength and use an alternating current to treat knee osteoarthritis
• Exercises that build muscle are used to treat shoulder pain in diabetics.
• Effectiveness of strengthening exercises and interferential current in the treatment of cervical discomfort.
• Effect of Kinesio taping and therapeutic ultrasonography on knee injuries.
• A randomized control experiment evaluating the effectiveness of Kinesio taping in treating shoulder discomfort.
• Contrasting the results of therapeutic ultrasound and dry needling for the relief of trapezius trigger points.
• Exercise's effects on a premenopausal woman's bone health.
• Effects of strengthening exercises and lumbar traction on chronic radicular lumbar back pain
• Exercises for strengthening and cervical traction for persistent neck discomfort
• A randomized control experiment using dry needling for cervical discomfort.
• A randomized control experiment evaluating the effectiveness of cervical mobilization in migraine.
• A randomized control experiment evaluating the effectiveness of stretching activities for treating low back pain.  
• Exercises for strengthening help with neck pain.
• Effects of pelvic floor exercises and therapeutic ultrasonography on the relief of persistent pelvic pain
• In an ankle injury, therapeutic ultrasound and Kinesio taping are used.
• Computer users' neck pain can be reduced using therapeutic ultrasound and trigger point release.
• Trigger point release helps female patients with lumbar back discomfort.

Top 25 Physiotherapy Research Topics for College Students

• Effect of trigger point release and therapeutic ultrasonography on the relief of neck discomfort in university students.
• An RCT looked at the impact of lumbar traction on calf muscle soreness.
• Impact of trigger point release in treating student thoracic back discomfort.
• Therapeutic ultrasonography with trigger point release for the treatment of persistent pelvic pain.
• Therapeutic ultrasound and trigger point release for piriformis muscle discomfort.
• Trigger point release's effects on reducing biceps discomfort.
• Scapular mobilization for shoulder pain relief.
• The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and quadriceps muscle trigger point release in reducing knee pain
• Trigger point release and therapeutic ultrasound's effects on calf muscle discomfort.
• Effects of therapeutic ultrasound and trigger point release on treating tennis elbow discomfort.
• Effects of therapeutic ultrasound and trigger point release on golfer's elbow pain.
• Randomized controlled trial contrasting the benefits of therapeutic ultrasound and shock wave on heel spur pain.
• Impact of trigger point release and therapeutic ultrasound on reduction of SI joint discomfort.
• The effectiveness of cervical neck mobilization and therapeutic ultrasonography.
• Effect of mobilization in experiencing dizziness again.
• The ability of therapeutic ultrasonography to ease knee pain
• Techniques for easing shoulder discomfort
• Mobilization and therapeutic ultrasound for postpartum women with carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Comparison of the effects of shock wave therapy versus the standard physiotherapy routine for treating fibromyalgia.
• Contrasting the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of chronic low back pain.
• Effectiveness of prenatal exercise program for sacroiliac joint treatment
• Interferential current in a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of rotator cuff muscle rupture pain.
• Contrasting the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of neck discomfort.
• The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and mobilization in easing wrist discomfort.
• Therapeutic ultrasound's effect on reducing lumbar back pain.

Top 25 Current Physiotherapy Research Topics 

University students who suffer from thoracic back discomfort can benefit from therapeutic ultrasound treatments.

• Impact of therapeutic ultrasound and mobilization in easing pain in the SI joint.
• Contrasting the effects of conventional physiotherapy and shock wave therapy on cervical discomfort.
• Effects of conventional physical therapy and shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis.
• Shock wave therapy and conventional physical therapy methods are used to treat lateral epicondylitis.
• Medical epicondylitis treatment procedure using physiotherapy.
• Contrasting the results of standard physiotherapy and shock wave therapy.
• Contrasting the effects of shock wave therapy and conventional physical therapy methods for treating trapezius trigger points
• Protocol used in conventional physical therapy to address low back pain.
• Treatment plan for piriformis syndrome.
• Contrasting the effects of shock wave therapy and conventional physical therapy methods for treating shoulder discomfort
• For the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, interferential current and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is used.
• Interferential current in a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of pain following complete hip replacement.
• Comparative analysis For the treatment of bicep muscle pain, interferential current effects and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are used.
• Effects of phonophoresis on bicipital tendinitis in a randomized controlled experiment.
• A randomized control experiment on the effects of phonophoresis for De Quervain's tenosynovitis.
• Effects of phonophoresis for the treatment of Achilles tendinitis in a randomized controlled experiment.
• A randomized control experiment evaluating the effects of phonophoresis for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.
• Using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, carpal tunnel syndrome can be treated.
• Interferential current under controlled study to treat pain following a shoulder replacement.
• Contrasting the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of piriformis syndrome.
• A trial-based investigation of phonophoresis's effects in the treatment of coccydynia.
• A Randomized Controlled Trial using the interferential current to treat meniscal tear pain
• Contrasting the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of lumbar back muscle spasm.
• Exercises that improve posture and build muscle are used to treat acute occupational neck pain.

Some Advance Physiotherapy Research Topics 

• A randomised control experiment evaluating the effectiveness of shortwave diathermy in treating knee osteoarthritis.
• A randomized control trial of manual therapy for treating vertigo.
• Kinesiotaping is used to treat persistent low back pain.
• Manual therapy's effects on the treatment of SI joint pain in postpartum women
• Low back pain management with infrared therapy.
• A controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of short-wave diathermy with infrared therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain.
• Exercises for stretching and strengthening to address forward head position.
• Kinesiotaping for female population bladder issues
• Kinesiotaping's effectiveness in treating patellofemoral pain syndrome.
• Results of a randomized control experiment on the effects of shock wave therapy for migraine management.
• A comparison of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with the interferential current for the treatment of shoulder pain.
• Phonophoresis for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized control trial study.
• Prenatal exercise program's effectiveness in treating neck and shoulder discomfort
• Contrasting the results of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with the interferential current.
• An analysis of the effectiveness of a prenatal exercise program for the treatment of low back pain.
• Competitive research on the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.
• Effects of phonophoresis for the treatment of neck pain: a randomized control experiment.
• For the treatment of medial epicondylitis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is used, and the effects of interferential current are compared.
• A comparison of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with the interferential current for the treatment of persistent pelvic pain.
• A randomized control experiment evaluating the effects of phonophoresis on the treatment of SI joint discomfort.
• Contrasting the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current for the treatment of sacroiliac joint pain.
• Interferential current in a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of pain following total knee replacement.
• Exercises to strengthen the core and correct posture are used to address acute occupational low back pain.
• Frozen shoulder treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and a comparative investigation of the effects of interferential current.
• A Study at an Indian Primary School on Inclusive Education Environments from the Teachers' Perspective.
• Learning methodologies and their relationship to self-study time are compared between students in a lecture-based curriculum and those who use problem-based learning.

Conclusion -

In this descriptive study of professional physiotherapy students, we sought to evaluate the students' self-reported feelings of comfort and confidence in reading and apply research findings published in the literature, their personal reading habits, and their general beliefs about the value of research to their professional careers and of basing clinical practise on research findings.

Research Topics for Physiotherapy Students show that although there were noticeable improvements by the program's conclusion, attitudes about research have not changed permanently in areas like individual motivation for participation in research and the importance that physical therapists accord to research.

Further Readings - 

• 120 Hot Research Topics for Nursing Students
• Top 50+ Research Topics for High School Students in 2022
• A Thorough Analysis of Market Research
• Research for Psychology and Personality Disorder
• Mental Health Research Topics for Students in 2022
• 4 Tips on How to Find Homework Answers Quickly
• How to Write Different Types of Research Paper ?
• Desklib: Designed to solve plagiarism issues
• 10 Tips to Motivate with Desklib Homework Help  

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The Top 100 Cited Articles in Clinical Orthopedic Sports Medicine

Affiliation.

• 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. [email protected].
• PMID: 26251939

Orthopedic sports medicine continues to evolve, owing much of its clinical management and practice to rigorous academic research. In this review, we identify and describe the top 100 cited articles in clinical sports medicine and recognize the authors and institutions driving the research. We collected articles (excluding basic science, animal, and cadaveric studies) from the 25 highest-impact sports medicine journals and analyzed them by number of citations, journal, publication date, institution, country, topic, and author. Mean number of citations was 408 (range, 229-1629). The articles were published in 7 journals, most in the 1980s to 2000s, and represented 15 countries. Thirty topics were addressed, with a heavy emphasis on anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction, knee rating systems, rotator cuff reconstruction, and chondrocyte transplantation. The 3 most cited articles, by Insall and colleagues, Constant and Murley, and Tegner and Lysholm, addressed a knee, a shoulder, and another knee rating system, respectively. Several authors contributed multiple articles. The Hospital for Special Surgery and the University of Bern contributed the most articles (5 each). This study provides a comprehensive list of the past century's major academic contributions to sports medicine. Residents and fellows may use this list to guide their scholarly investigations.

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• The fifty highest cited papers in anterior cruciate ligament injury. Vielgut I, Dauwe J, Leithner A, Holzer LA. Vielgut I, et al. Int Orthop. 2017 Jul;41(7):1405-1412. doi: 10.1007/s00264-017-3513-3. Epub 2017 May 27. Int Orthop. 2017. PMID: 28550427
• Fifty most cited articles in orthopedic shoulder surgery. Namdari S, Baldwin K, Kovatch K, Huffman GR, Glaser D. Namdari S, et al. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012 Dec;21(12):1796-802. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.11.040. Epub 2012 Apr 7. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012. PMID: 22484389 Review.
• Italian research on anterior cruciate ligament: a bibliometric analysis. D'Ambrosi R, Migliorini F, Di Maria F, Anghilieri FM, Di Feo F, Ursino N, Mangiavini L, Kambhampati SBS. D'Ambrosi R, et al. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024 Jul;34(5):2235-2243. doi: 10.1007/s00590-024-03937-3. Epub 2024 Apr 11. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024. PMID: 38602582 Review.
• Citation classics in radiology journals: the 100 top-cited articles, 1945-2012. Yoon DY, Yun EJ, Ku YJ, Baek S, Lim KJ, Seo YL, Yie M. Yoon DY, et al. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Sep;201(3):471-81. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.10489. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013. PMID: 23971438
• The 25 most cited articles in arthroscopic orthopaedic surgery. Cassar Gheiti AJ, Downey RE, Byrne DP, Molony DC, Mulhall KJ. Cassar Gheiti AJ, et al. Arthroscopy. 2012 Apr;28(4):548-64. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.08.312. Epub 2012 Jan 20. Arthroscopy. 2012. PMID: 22265048
• Publications and ranking in orthopaedics and sports medicine of European countries during the last three decades: A bibliometric analysis. Vaishya R, Vaish A, Schäfer L, Migliorini F. Vaishya R, et al. J Orthop. 2024 Jul 3;58:96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.07.002. eCollection 2024 Dec. J Orthop. 2024. PMID: 39100540
• Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Orthopaedic Literature. Banerjee S, Khatri N, Kaur A, Elhence A. Banerjee S, et al. Indian J Orthop. 2022 Feb 3;56(5):762-770. doi: 10.1007/s43465-022-00604-9. eCollection 2022 May. Indian J Orthop. 2022. PMID: 35547342 Free PMC article. Review.
• Top 50 Cited Bone Graft Orthopedic Papers. Elshohna M, Tsouklidis N. Elshohna M, et al. Cureus. 2022 Mar 23;14(3):e23419. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23419. eCollection 2022 Mar. Cureus. 2022. PMID: 35481294 Free PMC article. Review.
• A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top Cited Articles in Sports and Exercise Medicine. Khatra O, Shadgan A, Taunton J, Pakravan A, Shadgan B. Khatra O, et al. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Jan 22;9(1):2325967120969902. doi: 10.1177/2325967120969902. eCollection 2021 Jan. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021. PMID: 33553441 Free PMC article.
• The impact of the 30 most cited articles on hip arthroscopy: what is the subject matter? von Glinski A, Yilmaz E, Goodmanson R, Pierre C, Frieler S, Shaffer A, Ishak B, Lee CB, Mayo K. von Glinski A, et al. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2020 Feb 24;7(1):14-21. doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnz067. eCollection 2020 Jan. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2020. PMID: 32382424 Free PMC article.

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TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works

Home > SAHP > PT > ETD-PT

Theses, Dissertations and Projects - Physical Therapy

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

The Association of Acute Stress and Single Leg Balance , Theodore W. Gehrig III

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

High-Intensity Interval Training and Biological Age , Trevor Lohman

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

The Impact of Intraneural Facilitation Therapy on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy , Kyan Zhra-Sahba Alnajafi

The Influence of Strength and Mobility on Lumbar Biomechanics During Lifting , Christopher S. Patterson

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Spine Kinematics and Muscle Activities in Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain Subgroups in Sitting , Mansoor Ahmed Alameri

Relationship between Balance and Physical Activity in Subjects with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain , Muhsen B. Alsufiany

Does self-evaluation and education in students change attitudes and beliefs towards Weight Stigma? , Henry A. Garcia

Effects of Head Motion on Balance in Middle-Aged and Young Adults with Chronic Motion Sensitivity , Ammar E. Hafiz

Effect of Pediatric Ear Infections on Postural Stability , Ohud A. Sabir

Biomechanics and Postural Control Characteristics in Low Back Pain Subgroups During Dynamic Task , Amjad Shallan

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Effect of Adding Stretching Techniques to Standardized Intervention on Nonspecific Mechanical Neck Pain , Saad S. Alfawaz

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Effects of Head Motion on Postural Stability in Participants with Chronic Motion Sensitivity , Abdulaziz A. Albalwi

Relationship between Vestibular System, Vision, Anxiety, and Chronic Motion Sensitivity , Ahmad A. Alharbi

The Effects of Frequent Smartphone Use on Children’s Upper Posture and Pulmonary Function , Asma Alonazi

The Effects of Wearing Headscarves on Cervical Spine Proprioception and Range of Motion , Samiah Alqabbani

A Comparison of Neuromuscular Control between Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability , Hatem Jaber

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Effects of Adjustments to Wheelchair Seat to Back Support Angle on Head, Neck, and Shoulder Postures , Afnan M. Alkhateeb

Effect of Jet Lag on Postural Stability , Faisal M. Al Mubarak

Effect of Heavy Lifting with a Head Strap on the Pelvic Floor across the Menstrual Cycle , Yvonne Biswokarma

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Physical Therapy after Triangular Fibrocartilage Injuries and Ulnar Wrist Pain , Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed

The Effect of Cervical Muscle Fatigue on Postural Stability during Immersion Virtual Reality , Mazen M. Alqahtani

The Effects of a Novel Therapeutic Intervention in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients , Adel M. Alshahrani

Cross-cultural Adaption and Psychometric Properties Testing of The Arabic Anterior Knee Pain Scale , Abdullah S. Alshehri

Effect of Tai Chi Exercise Combined with Mental Imagery in Improving Balance , Abdulrahman Alsubiheen

Effect of Vestibular Adaptation Exercises on Chronic Motion Sensitivity , Danah Alyahya

Muscle Dynamics as the Result of Whole Body Vibration and Plyometrics , Richard Jeremy Hubbard

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Effect of Monophasic Pulsed Current on the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis , Abdullah Alotaibi

Screening for Torticollis and Plagiocephaly: The Role of the Pediatrician , Lisa Ann Change-Yee Hwang

Effect of 17β Estradiol & Foot Strike Patterns on Physiological & Biomechanical Changes in Runners , Iman Akef Khowailed

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Inter-rater Reliability of Lumbar Segmental Instability Tests and the Subclassification , Faisal Mohammad Alyazedi

Sleep-wake Cycle Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes and Salivary Melatonin Correlates , Paula Regina Aguiar Cavalcanti

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Elasticity and Force for Knee Flexion during the Menstrual Cycle in Women , Haneul Lee

Effect of Passive Vibration on Skin Blood Flow in Good Glycemic Control and Poor Glycemic Control Type 2 Diabetics , Kanikkai Steni Balan Sackiriyas

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Co-diagnosis Frequency of Peripheral Vestibular Disorders and Physical Therapy , Summer M. San Lucas

Postural Sway, EEG and EMG Analysis of Hip and Ankle Muscles during Eight Balance Training Tasks , Yuen Yi Florence Tse

Effect of a Single High-Fat Meal and Vitamins on the Circulatory Response to Local Heat in Koreans and Caucasians , JongEun Yim

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Virtual Reality Gaming as a Tool for Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy , Abel A. Rendon

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Aerobic Exercise and Bone Turnover in Trained and Untrained Premenopausal Women , Michelle Prowse

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

Effect of 3-Electrode Electrical Stimulation on Current Delivery and Healing in Chronic Wounds , HyeJin Suh

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Is Electrical Stimulation a Predictive Tool for Autonomic Dysfunction in Males with Diabetes? , Susan Dorothy Rand

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

The Effect of Posterior Versus Anterior Glide Joint Mobilization on External Rotation Range of Motion of Patients with Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis , Andrea J. Johnson

The Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Blood Flow in Chronic Wounds in Patients with and without Diabetes , Daryl J. Lawson

Isokinetic Knee Strength in Females with Fibromyalgia , Flora F. Shafiee

Difference in Transverse Plane Scapular Position of Professional Baseball Players Relative to Baseball Field Position , James M. Syms

The Effect of Positioning on Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity as Evaluated with Surface Electromyography in Normals , Karen R. Whitter-Brandon

Theses/Dissertations from 2004 2004

Orthopedic Treatment Outcomes and Physical Therapists' Orthopedic Clinical Specialist Status , Karin Granberg

The Effectiveness of a Physical Therapy Intervention for Children with Hypotonia and Flatfeet , Charmayne G. Ross

Theses/Dissertations from 2003 2003

The Role of Health Promotion in Physical Therapy , Brenda L. Rea

Predicting Sacroiliac Syndrome: The Association Between Noninvasive Sacroiliac Joint Tests and Sacroiliac Joint Injections , Lorraine D. Webb

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

Prevalence of various Upper Extremity Disorders in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome versus Patients without Carpal Tunnel Syndrome , Daniel C. Buda

Effect of Electrode Size, Shape, and Placement on Electrical Current and Subject Comfort During Electrical Stimulation , Bonnie J. Forrester

Patterns of Scholarly Productivity in Physical Therapy Faculty , Ardith L. Williams-Meyer

Theses/Dissertations from 2001 2001

The Effects of Education on Fear-Avoidance Behavior of Subjects with Work-Related Low Back Pain , Marie A. Anger

Toward the Optimal Waveform for Electrical Stimulation , Scott Douglas Bennie

Factors in Predicting the Number of Home Care Physical Visits , Bruce D. Bradley

A Practice Analysis Survey: Defining the Clinical Practice of Primary Care Physical Therapy , Edsen Bermudez Donato

Disability Self-Assessment and Upper Quarter Muscle Balance in Females , Eric Glenn Johnson

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

Comparison of Elderly Non-Fallers and Fallers on Performance Measures of Functional Reach, Sensory Organizations, and Limits of Stability , Harvey W. Wallmann

Theses/Dissertations from 1999 1999

Patient participation in physical therapy goal-setting , Susan M. Baker

Theses/Dissertations from 1998 1998

Prediction of Discharge Destination from Initial Physical Therapy Assessment using the Physical Assessment Key (PAK) , Wendy L. Chung and Kimberly A. Vieten

Does the Oswestry or SF-36 Help a Therapist to Predict Treatment Classification , Amy Crawford and Denese D. Kaufeldt-Soliz

Reliability and Validity of Assessing Student Performance of Psychomotor Skills in Entry Level Physical Therapy Curricula , Nancy Sue Darr

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

Reference Serum Chemistry and Hematological Values for Spinal Cord Injured Patients , Michael S. Laymon and Antone L. Davis II

Discharge Outcomes : An Evaluation of a Functional Index of Physical Assistance , Jan R. Snell

Theses/Dissertations from 1985 1985

A Comparison of Strength Improvement on Free Weights and the Universal Centurion , David J. Davies

Theses/Dissertations from 1984 1984

The effect of dextrose ingestion on cardiovascular endurance , Judith M. Axford

Theses/Dissertations from 1980 1980

The Ingestion of Garlic and its Effect on Cardiovascular Endurance , Thomas G. Blackwelder

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Program in Physical Therapy

• Rehabilitation Research for Orthopaedic Conditions

Welcome to the RROC. The goal of our research is to develop effective rehabilitation strategies for people with musculoskeletal hip pain that will improve function and prevent or delay the need for surgical or pharmacological intervention.

The RROC team is committed to conducting clinical, translational research that will improve rehabilitation strategies for people with musculoskeletal hip pain including arthritic and pre-arthritic conditions. Our primary goals are to 1) understand the factors that contribute to pain problems, such as impairments of structure and function and activities and participation (type and intensity) and 2) develop rehabilitation strategies targeting specific movement system impairments and functional activity modifications to improve performance and functional ability.

Current projects implement clinical examination, motion analysis, and imaging to assess impairments of structure and function, as well as self-report questionnaires to quantify activity and participation. In addition, rehabilitation strategies, including movement pattern training, traditional strengthening and flexibility, and joint mobilizations are being tested to determine their effect on improving function and participation in physical activity.

Faculty Investigators

Megan Burgess, PT, DPT, OCS

Student Members

Members of the Multidisciplinary Hip Group at Washington University School of Medicine

Current Research Studies

Comparison of Movement Pattern Training and Manual Therapy for Prearthritic Hip Disorders: a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial (Paris Patla Musculoskeletal Grant from the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research https://foundation4pt.org/ )

Pre-arthritic hip disease (PAHD), such as femoroacetabular impingement, hip dysplasia, and labral tears, is a major cause of hip dysfunction and activity limitation in young adults that, without proper management, may progress to hip osteoarthritis (OA). Effective treatment of PAHD is needed to improve function in the young adult and prevent or delay the onset of hip OA. The goal of this project is to compare the effectiveness of movement pattern training and joint mobilization for people with PAHD. Upon completion of this study, we will be positioned to implement a large RCT to assess the efficacy of MoveTrain and ManTher to improve PAHD.

Turning the TiDe – Training Diverse Clinician Scientists in Rehabilitation Research (NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant R25HD109110)

The T raining i n D iversity e ducation program, or TiDe , will transform rehabilitation research culture by educating rehabilitation clinician scientists in the skills and knowledge needed to train and support the next generation of underrepresented clinician scientists with the capacity to advance rehabilitation research.

Assessing Multifactorial Etiology of IC/BPS Using a Novel PFM-Hip-Trunk Muscle Network Analysis (NIH National Institute of Nursing Research grant R21NR020379)

Interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), as one of the most debilitating chronic pelvic pain conditions, is intrinsically a multifactorial dysfunction that is attributed to a wide variety of musculoskeletal factors. Unfortunately, no technology is currently available for quantitatively assessing these etiologic factors, which, otherwise, would allow for phenotyping patients for appropriate intervention personalization. This research represents the first effort to comprehensively assess the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) overactivity, hip/trunk muscle activity alteration, PFM-to-Hip/Trunk inter-muscular connectivity, and distinct PFM phenotypic subtypes in IC/BPS.

Past Research Studies

Movement System Impairments in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital https://www.foundationbarnesjewish.org/ )

Our findings:  

• Pelvic Floor Mobility measured by Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging in Women with and without Urgency and Frequency Predominant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
• Hip and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women with and without Urgency and Frequency Predominant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
• Movement Impairments in Women with and without Urinary Urgency/Frequency

Consensus Recommendations for Hip-Related Pain in Young and Middle-Aged Active Adults. International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018.

• Consensus recommendations on the classification, definition and diagnostic criteria of hip-related pain in young and middle-aged active adults from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018
• Infographic. Consensus recommendations on the classification, definition and diagnostic criteria of hip-related pain in young and middle-aged active adults from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018
• Patient-reported outcome measures for hip-related pain: a review of the available evidence and a consensus statement from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018
• Physiotherapist-led treatment for young to middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain: consensus recommendations from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018
• Standardised measurement of physical capacity in young and middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain: recommendations from the first International Hip-related Pain Research Network (IHiPRN) meeting, Zurich, 2018

Movement Pattern Training in People with Intra-articular, Prearthritic Hip Disorder (PAHD) (NIH National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR) of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant R21HD086644; the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research)

• Movement pattern training compared with standard strengthening and flexibility among patients with hip-related groin pain: results of a pilot multicentre randomised clinical trial
• Comparison between movement pattern training and strengthening on muscle volume, muscle fat, and strength in patients with hip-related groin pain: An exploratory analysis
• One-year outcomes following physical therapist-led intervention for chronic hip-related groin pain: Ancillary analysis of a pilot multicenter randomized clinical trial
• Static Ankle Dorsiflexion and Hip and Pelvis Kinematics During Forward Step-Down in Patients With Hip-Related Groin Pain

Rehabilitation Factors in Pre-arthritic Hip Disease (NIH National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke No. K23 HD067343 and K12 HD055931NIH)

• Persons with chronic hip joint pain exhibit reduced hip muscle strength
• Movement-Pattern Training to Improve Function in People With Chronic Hip Joint Pain: A Feasibility Randomized Clinical Trial
• Reduced Hip Adduction Is Associated With Improved Function After Movement-Pattern Training in Young People With Chronic Hip Joint Pain
• Hip Kinematics During Single-Leg Tasks in People With and Without Hip-Related Groin Pain and the Association Among Kinematics, Hip Muscle Strength, and Bony Morphology
• Hip Abductor Muscle Volume and Strength Differences Between Women With Chronic Hip Joint Pain and Asymptomatic Controls
• Bony abnormalities of the hip joint: a new comprehensive, reliable and radiation-free measurement method using magnetic resonance imaging
• Clinical tests to determine femoral version category in people with chronic hip joint pain and asymptomatic controls
• Three dimensional kinematics of visually classified lower extremity movement patterns during a single leg squat among people with chronic hip joint pain
• Dynamic knee valgus kinematics and their relationship to pain in women with patellofemoral pain compared to women with chronic hip joint pain

Physical Examination Measures of the Hip ( National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke No. K12 HD055931NIH)

Our findings:  

• Classification of lower extremity movement patterns based on visual assessment: reliability and correlation with 2-dimensional video analysis
• Gender-Dependent Differences in Hip Range of Motion and Impingement Testing in Asymptomatic College Freshman Athletes

• Biostatistics, Evidence, and Research Design
• Foot & Ankle Injury & Recovery
• Integrative Muscle Physiology
• Movement & Neurodegenerative Disease
• Neural Control of Movement Following Neurological Injury
• Neural Plasticity and Sensorimotor Integration
• Orthopaedic Biomechanics
• Prevention, Rehabilitation & Maintenance in Musculoskeletal Conditions
• Shoulder Biomechanics and Rehabilitation
• Stroke Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Accelerometry
• Tendon Rehabilitation Lab
• Movement Science Research Center
• Research Training Programs
• Clinical Trials
• Recent Publications

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Brasure M, Shamliyan TA, Olson-Kellogg B, et al. Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 77 [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Feb. (Future Research Needs Papers, No. 37.)

Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 77 [Internet].

Appendix a research gap questions for prioritization.

• Methods Issues Needing Consensus
• How should Knee OA severity be graded consistently by all relevant disciplines (e.g., PT, rheumatology, orthopedics)?
• How should multimodal PT treatments be classified?
• Should effectiveness research on PT treatments use minimal clinically important differences (MCID)?
• Which patient-centered outcome measurement instruments should be used consistently by all relevant disciplines (e.g., PT, rheumatology, orthopedics)?
• Which intermediate outcome measurement instruments should be used consistently by all relevant disciplines (e.g., PT, rheumatology, orthopedics)?
• What confounding and effect modifying variables (e.g., OA severity, obesity, comorbidities, and concomitant therapies—including anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication) should be measured and reported in effectiveness research?
• What minimum set of treatment factors (site, treatment components, frequency, duration, intensity, timing) should be reported consistently by all relevant disciplines (e.g., PT, rheumatology, orthopedics)?
• PT for Knee OA Topical Questions
• Which PT treatments work for which patients?
• Do periodic followup treatments beyond the initial PT treatments enhance effectiveness?
• What is the long-term effectiveness of PT treatments on patient centered outcomes?
• What is the comparative effectiveness of comprehensive multimodal PT treatments on patient-centered outcomes when compared with exercise alone?
• What is the comparative effectiveness over the entire course of different comprehensive multimodal PT programs (from initial PT-directed treatments through self-management and occasional followup treatments)?
• Does PT for knee OA delay time to surgery?
• Does PT for knee OA reduce medication use?
• Do PT treatments affect structural joint changes?
• In individuals who proceed to joint replacement surgery, do patients who underwent PT treatments prior to surgery fare better postoperatively?
• How does the method of delivery (e.g., the involvement of a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant, group versus individual exercise, self-administered versus supervised exercises, etc.) affect patient-centered outcomes?
• How do the duration, intensity, and frequency of examined interventions affect sustained changes in patient-centered outcomes?
• Cite this Page Brasure M, Shamliyan TA, Olson-Kellogg B, et al. Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 77 [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Feb. (Future Research Needs Papers, No. 37.) Appendix A, Research Gap Questions for Prioritization.
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