write an essay about the future gender equality

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Gender Equality Essay

Everyone should live as they want in society, and there should be no discrimination. Equality in society is achieved when all people, regardless of their caste, gender, colour, profession, and status rank, are considered equal. Another way to describe equality is that everyone gets the same rights and opportunities to develop and progress forward. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Gender Equality’.

100 Words Essay On Gender Equality

Gender equality is the belief that men and women should be treated and perceived as equals in society, including all areas such as education, employment, and in decision-making positions. It is a fundamental human right and a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.

Despite significant progress in advancing gender equality, women and girls continue to face barriers and discrimination in many areas of society. This includes the gender pay gap, difficult access to education and employment opportunities, and limited representation in leadership positions. Creating a more equal society benefits everyone, as it leads to greater prosperity and happiness for all. It is important for individuals, communities, and governments to work towards achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls to reach their full potential.

200 Words Essay On Gender Equality

Gender equality is the equal treatment and perception of individuals of all genders in society.

Importance Of Gender Equality

Gender equality is important because it is a fundamental human right and is necessary for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable society. When everyone, regardless of their gender, is treated fairly and has equal opportunities, it can lead to greater prosperity and happiness for all.

Additionally, gender equality can have a positive impact on economic growth and development. When women and girls are able to fully participate and get proper education and employment opportunities, it can lead to increased productivity and innovation. It can also contribute to more balanced and representative decision-making, which can lead to more effective and fair policies and practices.

Furthermore, gender equality is essential for promoting social justice and fairness. When women and girls are marginalized and discriminated against, it can lead to a range of negative outcomes, including poverty, poor health, and reduced opportunities for personal and professional development. Overall, the promotion of gender equality is important for creating a more equal, fair, and just society for all.

Encouraging Gender Equality

Efforts to promote gender equality must involve the active participation and engagement of both men and women. This includes challenging and changing harmful gender norms and stereotypes, and promoting policies and laws that protect and advance the rights of women and girls.

500 Words Essay On Gender Equality

Everyone in the country has the same fundamental freedom to pursue happiness whichever way they see fit. It's possible if people of various backgrounds (race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic class, gender) are treated with respect and dignity. Gender disparity is the most noticeable kind of prejudice. Gender discrimination persists even in many modern nations and calls for immediate action. When men and women are given the same opportunities, we will achieve gender equality. Furthermore, this essay will outline the many issues women encounter due to gender discrimination.

Prevalence Of Gender Inequality

Gender inequality is prevalent in many sectors and areas of society. Some examples include:

Education: Women and girls may face barriers to accessing education, such as lack of resources, cultural or societal barriers, and discrimination.

Employment: Women and girls may face discrimination in the workplace, including lower pay for the same work as men, lack of promotion opportunities, and limited representation in leadership positions.

Health care: Women and girls may face discrimination and inadequate access to quality health care, particularly in areas related to reproductive and sexual health.

Political representation: Women are often underrepresented in political leadership positions and decision-making processes.

Domestic violence: Women and girls may face higher rates of domestic violence and abuse, and may lack adequate protection and support from the justice system.

Media and advertising: Women and girls are often portrayed in stereotypical and objectifying ways in the media and advertising, which can reinforce harmful gender norms and stereotypes.

Gender inequality is a widespread issue that affects many areas of society, and it is important to work towards promoting gender equality in all sectors.

How India Can Achieve Gender Equality

Achieving gender equality in India will require a multi-faceted approach that involves addressing social norms and stereotypes, strengthening laws and policies, increasing women's representation in leadership positions, promoting women's economic empowerment, and improving access to health care.

Address social norms and stereotypes: It is important to challenge and change harmful gender norms and stereotypes that contribute to gender inequality. This can be done through education campaigns and programs that promote gender equality and challenge traditional gender roles.

Strengthen laws and policies: India can work to strengthen laws and policies that protect and advance the rights of women and girls, such as laws against domestic violence and discrimination, and policies that promote equal pay for equal work and access to education and employment.

Increase women's representation in leadership positions: India can work to increase the representation of women in leadership positions, including in politics, business, and other sectors, to ensure that women have a stronger voice in decision-making processes.

Promote women's economic empowerment: Providing women with access to education, employment, and financial resources can help to empower them and enable them to fully participate in society.

Improve access to health care: Ensuring that women and girls have access to quality health care, including reproductive and sexual health care, is essential for promoting gender equality.

My Experience

I remember one time when I was working as an intern at a small consulting firm. At the end of my internship, I was offered a full-time position. However, when I received the offer letter, I noticed that my male colleagues who were also being offered full-time positions had been offered a higher salary than me, even though we had all performed the same job duties during our internships.

I was frustrated and felt that I was being treated unfairly because of my gender. I decided to bring this issue to the attention of my supervisor, and after some negotiation, I was able to secure a salary that was equal to that of my male colleagues.

This experience taught me the importance of advocating for myself and not accepting inequality, and it also made me more aware of the ways in which gender bias can manifest in the workplace. I believe that it is important for individuals to speak up and take action when they see instances of gender inequality, and for organizations to make a conscious effort to promote gender equality and fairness in all aspects of their operations.

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Gender Equality Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on gender equality essay.

Equality or non-discrimination is that state where every individual gets equal opportunities and rights. Every individual of the society yearns for equal status, opportunity, and rights. However, it is a general observation that there exists lots of discrimination between humans. Discrimination exists because of cultural differences, geographical differences, and gender. Inequality based on gender is a concern that is prevalent in the entire world. Even in the 21 st century, across globe men and women do not enjoy equal privileges. Gender equality means providing equal opportunities to both men and women in political, economic, education and health aspects.

Importance of Gender Equality

A nation can progress and attain higher development growth only when both men and women are entitled to equal opportunities. Women in the society are often cornered and are refrained from getting equal rights as men to health, education, decision-making and economic independence in terms of wages.

The social structure that prevails since long in such a way that girls do not get equal opportunities as men. Women generally are the caregivers in the family. Because of this, women are mostly involved in household activities. There is lesser participation of women in higher education, decision-making roles, and leadership roles. This gender disparity is a hindrance in the growth rate of a country. When women participate in the workforce increases the economic growth rate of the country increases. Gender equality increases the overall wellbeing of the nation along with economic prosperity .

How is Gender Equality Measured?

Gender equality is an important factor in determining a country’s overall growth. There are several indexes to measure gender equality.

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) – GDI is a gender centric measure of Human Development Index. GDI considers parameters like life expectancy, education, and incomes in assessing the gender equality of a country.

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) – This measure includes much detail aspects like the proportion of seats than women candidates hold in national parliament, percentage of women at economic decision-making role, the income share of female employees.

Gender Equity Index (GEI) – GEI ranks countries on three parameters of gender inequality, those are education, economic participation, and empowerment. However, GEI ignores the health parameter.

Global Gender Gap Index – The World Economic Forum introduced the Global Gender Gap Index in 2006. This index focuses more on identifying the level of female disadvantage. The four important areas that the index considers are economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, health, and survival rate.

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Gender Inequality in India

As per the World Economic Forum’s gender gap ranking, India stands at rank 108 out of 149 countries. This rank is a major concern as it highlights the immense gap in opportunities in women with comparison to men. In Indian society from a long time back, the social structure has been such that the women are neglected in many areas like education, health, decision-making areas, financial independence, etc.

Another major reason, which contributes to the discriminatory behavior towards women in India, is the dowry system in marriage. Because of this dowry system, most Indian families consider girls as a burden. Preference for son still prevails. Girls have refrained from higher education. Women are not entitled to equal job opportunities and wages. In the 21 st century, women are still preferred gender in home managing activities. Many women quit their job and opt-out from leadership roles because of family commitments. However, such actions are very uncommon among men.

For overall wellbeing and growth of a nation, scoring high on gender equality is the most crucial aspect. Countries with less disparity in gender equality have progressed a lot. The government of India has also started taking steps to ensure gender equality. Several laws and policies are prepared to encourage girls. “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana ” (Save girl, and make girls educated) campaign is created to spread awareness of the importance of girl child. Several laws to protect girls are also there. However, we need more awareness of spreading knowledge of women rights . In addition, the government should take initiatives to check the correct and proper implementation of policies.

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Essay on Gender Equality

Introduction to Gender Equality

In a world striving for progress and justice, gender equality stands as a beacon of social transformation. Defined as the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all genders, it is an imperative that transcends cultural and historical boundaries. Despite advancements, deep-rooted disparities persist. Consider the gender wage gap, where women continue to earn less than men for the same work. This injustice echoes through various spheres, including education and leadership roles. This essay explores the multifaceted dimensions of gender equality, delving into the challenges, triumphs, and the pivotal role education plays in reshaping societal norms for a more equitable future.

Historical Context

Ancient Civilizations: Rigidly defined gender roles were prevalent in many ancient societies, where women were often assigned domestic responsibilities while men assumed positions of authority and leadership.
Feudal Systems: Societal structures during feudal times further constrained women’s rights, upholding male dominance. Inheritance laws and property rights favored men, limiting women’s economic autonomy.
The Renaissance: Despite intellectual and artistic advancements during the Renaissance, gender norms remained conservative. Society limited women’s access to education and excluded them from various professions.
Industrial Revolution: Gender-based work divisions emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries with the transition to industrial economies. While men worked in factories, women were confined to domestic roles, reinforcing stereotypes about gender-appropriate occupations.
Women’s Suffrage Movements: The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the rise of women’s suffrage movements. Activists fought for the right to vote and challenged societal norms, laying the foundation for broader gender equality discussions.
World Wars: Women’s contributions to the workforce during both World Wars challenged traditional gender roles. These experiences paved the way for societal shifts and increased recognition of women’s capabilities beyond the domestic sphere.
Post-WWII Era: The post-war period saw increased awareness of gender inequality. After experiencing economic independence during the war, women began advocating for more rights, which led to the second wave of feminism in the 1960s & 1970s.
Legal Reforms: Landmark legal reforms, such as the Equal Pay Act in the 1960s and Title IX in 1972, aimed to address gender disparities in the workplace and education, signaling a growing acknowledgment of the need for legal remedies.
Late 20th Century: Progress in the latter half of the 20th century included greater workplace diversity, increased educational opportunities for women, and evolving societal expectations challenging traditional gender norms.
Challenges Persist: Even with these advancements, gender inequality is still a problem in the world today, highlighting the continuous need for all-encompassing initiatives to attain full gender equality.

Importance of Gender Equality in Society

Gender equality is crucial for fostering a just and thriving society, contributing to various social, economic, and cultural development aspects. The points mentioned below can help us comprehend the importance of gender equality:

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Human Rights and Dignity: Gender equality is fundamentally rooted in human rights principles. It ensures that all individuals, regardless of gender, have the right to equal opportunities, respect, and dignity.
Social Justice: Gender equality promotes fairness and social justice by dismantling discriminatory practices that limit gender-based opportunities. It seeks to eliminate gender-based biases and prejudices, fostering an inclusive and egalitarian society.
Economic Growth: Closing gender gaps in the workforce enhances economic productivity. By tapping into the full potential of both men and women, societies can benefit from a diverse and skilled labor force, driving innovation and competitiveness.
Educational Empowerment: Gender equality in education ensures that both genders have equal access to quality learning opportunities. Educated women, in particular, contribute significantly to societies’ intellectual and economic growth.
Health and Well-being: Gender equality is associated with improved health outcomes. Empowered women are more likely to have access to healthcare, make informed decisions about their well-being, and contribute to healthier family and community environments.
Political Representation: Achieving gender equality in political participation ensures that diverse perspectives and experiences shape decision-making processes. Women’s representation in leadership positions contributes to more comprehensive and inclusive policies.
Family and Community Dynamics: Balanced gender roles within families and communities create healthier and more supportive environments. Shared responsibilities contribute to the well-being of both men and women and help break down stereotypes related to traditional gender roles.
Reducing Violence and Discrimination: Gender equality is a crucial tool in combating gender-based violence and discrimination. By challenging harmful stereotypes and norms, societies can work towards creating safer spaces for everyone.
Cultural Enrichment: Embracing gender diversity contributes to a vibrant cultural tapestry. It allows for exploring and celebrating various talents, perspectives, and experiences.
Sustainable Development: Achieving sustainable development goals is closely tied to gender equality. It guarantees that inclusive development initiatives tackle the particular requirements and difficulties of various genders.

Methods to measure Gender Equality

Measuring gender equality involves assessing various aspects of social, economic, and political life to identify disparities and evaluate progress. Several methods and indicators can be employed to gauge gender equality:

Gender Pay Gap Analysis: Conducting a comprehensive analysis of earnings across genders within an organization or industry helps identify disparities. This method involves comparing the average or median earnings of men and women performing similar roles to uncover wage gaps.
Representation Metrics: Tracking the representation of genders in various sectors, including corporate leadership, political offices, and board memberships, provides insights into the level of gender diversity. Common metrics used to assess representation include ratios and percentages.
Educational Attainment: Examining the educational attainment of men and women in a given population or community is crucial. Disparities in access to education and the type of education received can indicate systemic issues affecting gender equality.
Labor Force Participation Rates: Analyzing the participation rates of men and women in the labor force provides insights into workforce dynamics. Identifying trends in employment rates and the types of occupations held by each gender helps gauge workplace inclusivity.
Gender-Disaggregated Data: Collecting and analyzing data with a gender-disaggregated approach ensures a nuanced understanding of various social and economic indicators. Considering aggregated data may mask hidden disparities, making this method helpful in uncovering such discrepancies.
Intersectional Analysis: It is crucial to acknowledge how gender intersects with race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. An intersectional approach allows for a more comprehensive assessment of inequalities disproportionately affecting certain groups.
Legal and Policy Assessment: Evaluating existing laws and policies for their gender sensitivity and inclusivity is crucial. This method involves reviewing legislation to identify gaps or discriminatory practices and advocating for legal reforms to promote gender equality.
Gender-based Violence Metrics: Measuring the prevalence of gender-based violence and its impact on different genders provides critical insights. Surveys and reports on incidents of violence contribute to understanding the scope of the issue and guiding preventive measures.
Access to Healthcare: Assessing access to healthcare services, particularly reproductive health services, is vital for gender equality. Disparities in healthcare access can impact well-being and contribute to broader gender inequalities.
Social Perception Surveys: Conducting surveys to gauge societal attitudes and perceptions towards gender roles and equality helps identify prevailing stereotypes and biases. This qualitative method provides valuable insights into the cultural aspects influencing gender dynamics.

Gender Equality at Workplace

Achieving gender equality in the workplace is critical for fostering a fair and inclusive professional environment. Here are key aspects and strategies for promoting gender equality at work:

Equal Pay Policies: Implement and uphold transparent salary structures, ensuring that men and women receive equal pay for equal work. Regularly audit pay scales to identify and rectify any existing gender wage gaps.
Diverse Hiring Practices: Promote diversity in recruitment processes by adopting blind hiring techniques, mitigating unconscious biases, and actively seeking a balanced representation of genders at all levels of the organization.
Flexible Work Arrangements: Offer flexible working options, such as remote work, flexible hours, and part-time arrangements, to accommodate diverse needs and improve work-life balance, particularly for working parents.
Leadership Development Programs: Establish leadership development initiatives to identify and nurture talents irrespective of gender. Encourage mentorship programs to support the career growth of women within the organization.
Anti-Discrimination Policies: Clearly articulate and enforce anti-discrimination policies that explicitly address gender-based discrimination and harassment. Provide a secure channel for workers to report any incidents of prejudice.
Promoting Inclusive Company Culture: Foster an inclusive workplace culture that values and respects diverse perspectives. This includes organizing diversity and inclusion training programs and promoting a zero-tolerance policy for discriminatory behavior.
Workplace Flexibility for Caregivers: Recognize and accommodate the needs of employees with caregiving responsibilities. Offering parental leave, on-site childcare facilities, and lactation rooms supports employees in managing work and family commitments.
Regular Diversity Audits: Perform routine audits to evaluate the organization’s diversity and inclusion situation. This involves tracking key metrics, such as promotion rates, representation at different levels, and employee satisfaction across genders.
Employee Resource Groups (ERGs): Establish Employee Resource Groups focused on gender equality to provide a platform for open discussions, networking, and mentorship. ERGs can contribute to building a sense of community and support within the workplace.
Promoting Work-Life Balance: Discourage the overworking culture to promote a good work-life balance. Establish rules that encourage staff to strike a balance between their personal and professional life and discourage working excessive overtime.
Educational Initiatives: Conduct awareness programs and training sessions on gender sensitivity, unconscious bias, and inclusivity. This educates employees and fosters a workplace culture that actively challenges stereotypes and discriminatory behaviors.
Transparency in Promotion Processes: To prevent gender-based biases, ensure transparency in promotion processes. Implement clear promotion criteria and provide constructive feedback to all employees to enhance transparency and fairness.

Initiatives and Movements

Initiatives and movements are crucial in driving social change and advancing gender equality. Across the globe, various organizations and grassroots efforts are actively working on challenging stereotypes, dismantling barriers, and promoting inclusivity. Here are some notable initiatives and movements contributing to the cause of gender equality:

HeForShe Campaign: UN Women launched HeForShe, a campaign encouraging boys and men to support gender equality. It enables them to take an active role in challenging and changing societal norms that perpetuate discrimination.
#MeToo Movement: Originating as a hashtag on social media , #MeToo has evolved into a global movement addressing and combating sexual harassment and assault. It empowers survivors to share their experiences and has led to increased awareness and accountability.
#GirlsWhoCode: This initiative aims to bridge the gender gap in the technology sector by providing opportunities for girls to learn and excel in coding and computer science . Empowering girls in STEM fields challenges gender stereotypes in the tech industry.
Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: This project, spearheaded by the UN, emphasizes the contribution of women to security, peacebuilding, and conflict resolution. It advocates for including women in decision-making processes related to conflict prevention and resolution.
#EachForEqual: Aligned with International Women’s Day, #EachForEqual emphasizes the importance of individual actions to create a gender-equal world collectively. It encourages people to challenge stereotypes, biases, and discriminatory practices.
Global Fund for Women: This organization supports women-led initiatives and movements worldwide, providing financial resources, training, and advocacy support. It amplifies women’s voices and promotes their leadership in addressing social issues.
Time’s Up Movement: Originating in response to the #MeToo movement, Time’s Up focuses on combating sexual harassment and gender inequality in the workplace. It advocates for legal and policy changes to create safer and more inclusive work environments.
Malala Fund: Co-founded by Malala Yousafzai, this organization advocates for girls’ education globally. It works to break down barriers preventing girls from attending school and empowers them to achieve their full potential.
50/50 by 2030 Foundation: Dedicated to achieving gender balance in leadership positions, this initiative promotes policies and practices that support gender diversity. By 2030, it aims to achieve equal representation of men and women in leadership positions.
No More Excuses Campaign: This campaign, which aims to involve men and boys in the battle against gender-based violence, dispels false myths and calls on men to support the development of an equitable and respectful society.
The Girl Effect: By investing in girls, this project seeks to end the cycle of poverty. It emphasizes the transformative impact that educating and empowering girls can have on communities and societies as a whole.
Gender Champions: Gender Champions are a global network of leaders dedicated to promoting gender equality. They exchange best practices, push for change, and strive to eliminate gender obstacles in their respective industries.

Social and Cultural Barriers to Gender Equality

Gender equality faces significant social and cultural barriers that hinder progress toward a more equitable society. These barriers are profoundly ingrained and manifest in various forms across different cultures. Here are some key social and cultural obstacles to achieving gender equality:

Gender Stereotypes: Deep-seated stereotypes assign specific roles and attributes to men and women. These stereotypes influence societal expectations and perceptions, reinforcing traditional gender norms and limiting opportunities for both genders.
Cultural Norms and Traditions: Cultural norms and traditions can perpetuate gender inequalities by dictating rigid gender roles. Practices like honor killings, early marriage, and the desire for male heirs can limit women’s freedom and potential.
Limited Educational Opportunities: In some cultures, there may be a bias against educating girls, leading to lower literacy rates among women. Limited access to education restricts women’s ability to pursue higher-paying jobs and leadership roles.
Unequal Access to Resources: Deep-rooted cultural beliefs may result in unequal access to resources, including land, property, and financial assets. This limits women’s economic independence and contributes to their dependence on male family members.
Discriminatory Laws and Legal Systems: Legal systems influenced by patriarchal values may perpetuate gender inequalities. Discriminatory laws regarding inheritance, divorce, and property ownership can significantly impact women’s rights and opportunities.
Normalization of Gender-Based Violence: Cultural acceptance or normalization of gender-based violence perpetuates a culture of fear and control. This includes practices such as domestic violence, female genital mutilation, and acid attacks, which disproportionately affect women.
Lack of Representation in Media: Media often reinforces gender stereotypes by portraying women and men in traditional roles. Limited representation of strong, independent women can contribute to narrow and limiting perceptions of female capabilities.
Resistance to Women in Leadership: Cultural resistance to women in leadership roles can hinder their progression in professional spheres. Stereotypes about women’s competence and suitability for leadership roles may limit their access to decision-making positions.
Socialization Processes: Society socializes children into gender roles from an early age. Gendered expectations are reinforced through toys, books, and parental attitudes, shaping individuals’ understanding of their roles and opportunities.
Stigmatization of Non-Traditional Roles: Cultural norms may stigmatize individuals who choose non-traditional roles, particularly men. This discourages men from pursuing careers or responsibilities traditionally associated with women, reinforcing gender norms.
Lack of Support for Work-Life Balance: Cultural expectations regarding traditional gender roles often create challenges for individuals seeking work-life balance. When deviating from prescribed gender-specific responsibilities, men and women may face judgment or resistance.
Resistance to Change: Societal resistance to challenging established norms and traditions can impede progress. Fear of disrupting the status quo or perceived threats to cultural identity may hinder efforts to address gender inequalities.

Legal and Policy Framework

Establishing a comprehensive legal and policy framework is vital for promoting gender equality and safeguarding the rights of all individuals. A well-crafted framework provides a foundation for eradicating discrimination, ensuring equitable opportunities, and fostering an inclusive society.

Constitutional Protections: Incorporate explicit provisions in the constitution affirming the equal rights of all genders. A constitutional foundation sets the tone for subsequent legislation and policies.
Anti-Discrimination Laws: Enact and enforce anti-discrimination laws prohibiting gender-based discrimination in various sectors, including employment, education, healthcare, and public services.
Equal Pay Legislation: Implement laws mandating equal pay for equal work, addressing gender wage gaps, and promoting transparency in salary structures.
Maternity and Paternity Leave Policies: Establish and enforce policies that provide equitable maternity and paternity leave, encouraging shared caregiving responsibilities and preventing discrimination against employees with family obligations.
Quota Systems and Affirmative Action: Consider implementing quota systems or affirmative action policies to increase underrepresented gender representation in political, corporate, and educational institutions.
Sexual Harassment Laws: Develop and enforce legislation that prohibits sexual harassment in public places, workplaces, and educational settings, together with efficient channels for reporting and redress.
Reproductive Rights Protections: Safeguard reproductive rights by enacting laws ensuring access to family planning, maternal healthcare, and protection against forced sterilization or coerced reproductive practices.
Inclusive Education Policies: Promote gender-inclusive education policies, eliminating stereotypes from educational materials, encouraging equal access to education, and addressing gender-based violence in educational institutions.
Healthcare Access and Equity: Create policies that address gender-specific health issues and provide equitable access to healthcare services, especially services related to reproductive health.
Legal Aid and Support Services: Establish legal aid services and support mechanisms for individuals facing gender-based discrimination or violence, ensuring access to justice for victims.
Domestic Violence Legislation: Enact comprehensive laws addressing domestic violence, providing protection orders, and establishing support services for survivors.
Gender-Responsive Budgeting: Implement gender-responsive budgeting to ensure that government expenditures consider different genders’ specific needs and priorities.
Training for Legal Professionals: Conduct training programs for legal professionals to enhance their understanding of gender issues and sensitize them to the unique challenges faced by different genders.
Intersectionality Considerations: Incorporate an intersectional approach in legal and policy frameworks to address the specific challenges individuals face at the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other identities.
Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms: Establish mechanisms for regularly monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of gender-related laws and policies, ensuring accountability and facilitating necessary adjustments.

Challenges and Obstacles

Despite ongoing efforts to promote gender equality, various challenges and obstacles persist, hindering progress towards creating a truly inclusive and equitable society. Here are a few of the key challenges:

Deep-rooted Gender Stereotypes: Cultural and societal norms frequently reinforce traditional gender roles, perpetuating stereotypes that prescribe how individuals should behave according to their gender. These stereotypes limit opportunities and contribute to discriminatory practices.
Gender Wage Gap: A persistent disparity in earnings between men and women continues to exist globally. Systemic workplace inequalities often result in women earning less than men for comparable roles.
Lack of Women in Leadership Roles: Women still need to be represented in leadership positions across various sectors. The “glass ceiling” phenomenon highlights women’s challenges in advancing to top-tier positions, limiting their influence in decision-making processes.
Gender-based Violence: The issue of violence against women, encompassing sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and human trafficking, is still widespread across the globe. Fear of violence can restrict women’s freedom and limit their opportunities for education and employment.
Limited Access to Education: In certain regions, girls face barriers to accessing education, ranging from cultural norms that prioritize boys’ education to the lack of facilities and resources. Their potential to learn new skills and explore different professional routes is thus limited.
Intersectionality Challenges: Individuals facing multiple forms of discrimination based on factors such as ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status may experience compounded challenges. Intersectionality adds complexity to addressing gender inequality.
Implicit Bias and Stereotypes: Unconscious biases that people hold based on gender can influence decision-making processes in hiring, promotions, and daily interactions. Overcoming these biases is crucial for creating fair and equal opportunities.
Work-Life Balance Struggles: Women, particularly mothers, often face challenges balancing work and family responsibilities. Inadequate support structures, such as affordable childcare and flexible work arrangements, contribute to these struggles.
Resistance to Change: Societal resistance to challenging traditional gender norms and power structures can impede progress. Some individuals may resist efforts towards gender equality due to ingrained beliefs or fear of losing perceived privileges.
Lack of Legal Enforcement: While laws and policies may exist to address gender inequality, inadequate enforcement mechanisms can limit their effectiveness. Weak implementation and monitoring contribute to continued disparities.
Cultural and Religious Barriers: Cultural and religious beliefs can contribute to gender inequalities, with specific practices and traditions reinforcing discriminatory norms. Overcoming these barriers requires respectful engagement and dialogue within communities.
Limited Representation in Media: Media often perpetuates gender stereotypes by portraying narrow and limiting images of men and women. Limited representation of diverse gender identities can influence societal perceptions and expectations.

Case studies

Let’s explore two case studies highlighting efforts and challenges in achieving gender equality.

Gender Equality in Iceland

Background: Iceland consistently ranks high in global gender equality indices. The country has implemented various policies and initiatives to address gender disparities, including equal pay legislation, generous parental leave policies, and efforts to increase women’s representation in leadership roles.

Initiatives:

Equal Pay Legislation: 2018 Iceland became the first country to mandate equal pay for equal work. Companies with 25 or more employees must certify that they provide equal pay to all employees, regardless of gender.
Parental Leave Policies: Parents can share an additional three months, and three months are allocated for each parent under Iceland’s generous parental leave policies. This encourages a more equitable distribution of caregiving responsibilities.
Iceland has continuously topped the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index.
Women’s involvement in leadership roles has increased, and the gender pay gap has reduced dramatically.

Challenges:

Despite progress, there are still challenges in achieving full equality, especially in specific sectors where traditional gender norms persist.
Encouraging men to take advantage of parental leave policies and participate equally in caregiving remains a work in progress.
Women’s Empowerment in Rwanda

Background: Rwanda has made remarkable strides in empowering women, especially in the political arena, following the devastating genocide in 1994. The government has actively pursued policies to increase women’s participation in decision-making roles.

Quota System: Rwanda’s constitution mandates reserving at least 30% of parliamentary seats for women. This led to an increased representation of women in politics.
Women’s Economic Empowerment: Initiatives to empower women economically include providing access to credit, offering entrepreneurship training, and supporting women-led businesses.
Rwanda has the world’s highest proportion of women in parliament, with women holding more than 60% of the seats.
Women have become key contributors to the country’s economic development.
Challenges in ensuring women’s participation in lower-level decision-making persist despite progress in political representation.
Societal norms and stereotypes can still impact women’s opportunities, particularly in some rural regions.

Future Directions

Pursuing gender equality is an ongoing journey that requires continuous effort and adaptation to evolving societal dynamics. Here are some future directions and considerations for advancing gender equality:

Technological Integration: Leverage technology to promote gender equality, such as utilizing artificial intelligence for unbiased hiring processes and online education and skill development platforms.
Intersectional Approaches: Acknowledge and address the intersecting factors of gender with race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and more to ensure a more comprehensive understanding and response to diverse challenges.
Corporate Accountability: Strengthen corporate responsibility by implementing transparent reporting on gender diversity metrics, equal pay, and workplace policies, holding organizations accountable for fostering inclusive environments.
Global Collaboration: Foster international cooperation and exchange best practices to address gender inequalities globally, acknowledging that challenges and solutions vary across regions.
Mental Health Focus: Recognize and address the mental health impact of gender disparities, particularly the stress and pressure associated with societal expectations and discrimination.
Inclusive Education: Implement and promote gender-inclusive education policies to challenge stereotypes early on, fostering environments where all students can thrive, irrespective of gender.
Political Empowerment: Continue efforts to increase women’s representation in political leadership globally, ensuring diverse voices contribute to policy decisions and legislation.
Supportive Workplace Cultures: Develop and promote workplace cultures that encourage work-life balance, inclusivity, and flexibility, reducing gender-specific challenges in professional environments.
Legal Reforms: Advocate for and enact legal reforms that address emerging challenges, such as online harassment and the gig economy, ensuring legislation keeps pace with societal changes.
Youth Engagement: Involve and empower the younger generation in advocating for gender equality, emphasizing education, awareness, and activism among young individuals.
Economic Empowerment: Enhance economic opportunities for women through targeted policies, access to credit, and support for women entrepreneurs, fostering financial independence.
Media Representation: Challenge and change media portrayals of gender, promoting diverse and realistic representations to combat harmful stereotypes and biases.
Crisis Response Planning: Integrate gender perspectives into crisis response and recovery planning, recognizing the disproportionate impact of crises on different genders.
Male Engagement: Encourage men to participate actively in the gender equality conversation, challenging traditional norms and stereotypes and fostering allyship in the pursuit of equality.
Continued Research: Support and conduct ongoing research on gender-related issues, informing evidence-based policies and interventions to address emerging challenges and trends.

The journey toward gender equality is a dynamic and ongoing endeavor. As we navigate the complexities of societal norms, policies, and cultural paradigms, it is imperative to embrace intersectionality, engage men as allies, and leverage technology for progress. Transformative shifts in workplace cultures, comprehensive sex education, and mental health support are essential. Global collaboration, inclusive caregiving policies, and the reimagining of masculinity contribute to a more inclusive future. By amplifying diverse voices, challenging stereotypes, and adapting policies, we can collectively pave the way for a world where everyone, irrespective of gender, thrives on inequality and empowerment.

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Essays About Gender Equality: Top 5 Examples and 6 Prompts

Gender equality is an important topic in the 21st century; if you are writing essays about gender equality , read our guide.

Men and women are equal. This statement makes perfect sense to most and should be common sense . Gender equality is “ the state of having the same rights, status, and opportunities as others, regardless of one’s gender .” In the 21st century, much progress has been made, and this seems something that should already be intrinsic to humanity.

However, there is still a struggle for equality worldwide, especially for women. Some countries have oppressive regulations on women’s rights , including restrictions on what women can wear, do a job, or even say. Many women still experience discrimination worldwide. Gender equality is something that we should all strive to achieve for a better world.

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5 Top Essay Examples

1. why is gender equality important by zaytoen domingo, 2. china’s #metoo moment by jiayang fan, 3. our biggest opportunity to achieve gender equality by ahmad alhendawi.

4. Women’s rights throughout U.S. history by Chris Price

5. Gender equality at workplace by Michelle Gordon

5 prompts for essays about gender equality, 1. gender equality and religion, 2. how can you help achieve gender equality, 3. gender equality in your country, 4. sexism in the workplace, 5. the history of gender equality.

For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers .

“UN Women reported that in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, half of the economic growth over the past 50 years is attributed to girls having better access to education. The decrease in the gap between the number of years of schooling that girls receive when compared to boys also played a role.”

Domingo explains how gender equality is present globally, from the gender pay gap to illiteracy rates. In addition, she discusses its importance: gender equality is not only important on an individual level, but it has an economic impact as well. According to Domingo, gender equality in the workforce has been shown to stimulate economic growth. In addition, women invest more of their earnings into their children than men, so when women earn more, their children’s lives improve as well. Gender equality is, in fact, a solution to poverty.

“In China, where a far more determined sense of patriarchy and hierarchical order exists, that structure can reach considerably higher. “In China, if you are a Ph.D. student, it’s difficult to overstate how much your supervisor determines your fate,” a Chinese feminist activist named Liang Xiaowen, who is now attending law school in the United States, told me. “Deference to authority is paramount to your survival as a student.””

In her essay, Fan writes about the state of women’s rights in China, where the culture is more patriarchal. Many women, especially students, have their lives almost controlled by their superiors, and if they speak out, they will be punished. As a result, women, including the one mentioned in the essay, have left the country to be free of the sexual harassment they encountered back home.

“ To build the world we want, a world free of poverty, a world with zero hunger, a world with peace and justice for all, we must empower young women and girls who are systematically left on the sidelines of today. To build the world we want, we need to take action to expand access to education to millions of girls who today are not in school and deprived of an education. We must prevent early marriage and tackle the challenge and human rights violation of the one in every four young women in developing regions who are currently being married in childhood.”

On world youth day, Alhendawi, the United Nations Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, discusses the great progress the world has made in terms of gender equality, from education to healthcare to public safety. However, this issue must be addressed further. Some countries still treat women as inferior, and the global community must stand up for human rights and against violence and discrimination. It is up to the youth to make a change, especially in gender equality.

4. Women’s rights throughout U.S. history by Chris Price

“The convention, with many of the attendees pushing for equal rights for people of all races and sexes, resulted in 100 men and women signing the Declaration of Sentiments. The document was structured to resemble the Declaration of Independence, and it asserted the equality of men and women while reiterating that all people are endowed with unalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

Price writes about a few significant milestones the United States has made regarding women’s rights. These include the Seneca Falls Convention, the event that started the fight for women’s rights, the 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote, and Roe v. Wade decision, which gave women autonomy regarding family planning. Most recently, there has been a boom in women in government roles, with women holding some of the highest government positions.

“So if we come to work with the goals of doing amazing job instead of making assumptions or judgements on other people’s capability, this will be a life-changing result. The thing that really matters is how Sarah works with people in the previous jobs and experience along with good communication skills in order to achieve instead of giving it to the less experienced worker.”

Gordon proposes a solution to gender inequality in the workplace. She wants men to respect their female peers and treat them as equals. She wishes they would work as a team rather than against one another. She reflects on the company where she works and wishes to change how women are treated. Both men and women have strengths and weaknesses; they should work to use these strengths to their advantage.

Essays About Gender Equality: Gender equality and religion

Gender equality is different in certain societies, partly due to how some religions regard and treat women. Research different religions’ treatment of women and choose two or three to explore in your essay. Discuss how these religions reflect gender equality or inequality and give examples. You can also explain the reasoning behind their teachings regarding women. Conclude your essay by discussing your views on religion impacting women’s rights and if you believe religion should influence a person’s rights or not.

For your essay, you can write about ways in which you could contribute to achieving gender equality. Define the term, give a brief background, and discuss your possible solutions. Nothing is off the table, no matter how insignificant they seem; it can be as simple as reminding your family about sexism.

Women are treated differently from country to country. Research women’s rights in your country, including any anti-discrimination laws. Then, determine whether your country has achieved gender equality or not. What else can be done? Propose possible solutions or laws that you believe would make a difference in your country and bring society close to gender equality.

Essays About Gender Equality: Sexism in the Workplace

A big issue in achieving gender equality is women’s treatment in the workplace; we have heard many stories of the gender pay gap, sexual harassment, and more. Explore the root causes of gender inequality at work and discuss why it is a problem. Be sure to cite testimonials of people who have spoken out about discrimination in the workplace for a solid base of evidence.

Gender equality has made great strides throughout the centuries; for your essay, explore some milestones in history that helped make gender equality a reality- be sure to explain why it is essential and how it helped achieve gender equality. If this topic seems too broad, you can focus on one country, as Price does in his essay.

For help with this topic , read our guide explaining what is persuasive writing ?

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Gender Equality Essay

Introduction to Gender Equality

In a society, everyone has the right to lead his/her life accordingly without any discrimination. When this state is achieved where all individuals are considered to be equal irrespective of their caste, gender, colour, profession, and status, we call it equality. Equality can also be defined as the situation where every individual has the same rights and equal opportunity to grow and prosper.

Every individual of society dreams for equal rights and access to resources available at their disposal, but there is a lot of discrimination. This discrimination can be due to cultural differences, geographical differences, the colour of the individual, social status and even gender. The most prevalent discrimination is gender inequality. It is not a localised issue and is limited to only certain spheres of life but is prevalent across the globe. Even in progressive societies and top organisations, we can see many examples of gender bias.

Gender equality can only be achieved when both male and female individuals are treated similarly. But discrimination is a social menace that creates division. We stop being together and stand together to tackle our problems. This social stigma has been creeping into the underbelly of all of society for many centuries. This has also been witnessed in gender-based cases. Gender inequality is the thing of the past as both men and women are creating history in all segments together.

Gender Equality builds a Nation

In this century, women and men enjoy the same privileges. The perception is changing slowly but steadily. People are now becoming more aware of their rights and what they can do in a free society. It has been found that when women and men hold the same position and participate equally, society progresses exclusively and creates a landmark. When a community reaches gender equality, everyone enjoys the same privileges and gets similar scopes in education, health, occupation, and political aspect. Even in the family, when both male and female members are treated in the same way, it is the best place to grow, learn, and add great value.

A nation needs to value every gender equally to progress at the right place. A society attains better development in all aspects when both genders are entitled to similar opportunities. Equal rights in decision making, health, politics, infrastructure, profession, etc will surely advance our society to a new level. The social stigma of women staying inside the house has changed. Nowadays, girls are equally competing with boys in school. They are also creating landmark development in their respective profession. Women are now seeking economic independence before they get married. It gives them the confidence to stand against oppression and make better decisions for themselves.

The age-old social structure dictated that women need to stay inside the home taking care of all when men go out to earn bread and butter. This has been practised for ages when the world outside was not safe. Now that the time has changed and we have successfully made our environment quite safer, women can step forward, get educated, pursue their passion, bring economic balance in their families, and share the weight of a family with men. This, in a cumulative way, will also make a country’s economy progress faster and better.

Methods to measure Gender Equality

Gender equality can be measured and a country’s growth can be traced by using the following methods.

Gender Development Index (GDI) is a gender-based calculation done similar to the Human Development Index.

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is a detailed calculation method of the percentage of female members in decision-making roles.

Gender Equity Index (GEI) considers economic participation, education, and empowerment.

Global Gender Gap Index assesses the level of gender inequality present on the basis of four criteria: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, health and survival .

According to the Gender Gap Index (GGI), India ranks 140 among 156 participating countries. This denotes that the performance of India has fallen from the previous years, denoting negative growth in terms of closing the gender gap. In the current environment where equality and equal opportunities are considered supreme, this makes India be at a significant disadvantage.

Roadblocks to Gender Equality

Indian society is still wrecked by such stigmas that dictate that women are meant to manage the home and stay indoors. This is being done for ages, leading to neglect of women in areas like education, health, wealth, and socio-economic fields.

In addition to that, the dowry system is further crippling society. This ill practice had led to numerous female feticides. It has created a notion that girls are a burden on a family, which is one of the primary reasons a girl child cannot continue her education. Even if they excel in education and become independent, most of them are forced to quit their job as their income is considered a backup source, which is not fair. New-age women are not only independent, but they are confident too. The only thing they demand from society is support, which we should provide them.

Along with dowry, there is one more burning issue that has a profound impact on women's growth. It is prevalent in all kinds of society and is known as violence. Violence against women is present in one or another form in public and private spaces. Sometimes, violence is accompanied by other burning issues such as exploitation, harassment, and trafficking, making the world unsafe for women. We must take steps to stop this and ensure a safe and healthy place for women.

Poverty is also one of the major roadblocks towards gender equality. It has led to other malpractices such as child marriage, sale of children, trafficking and child labour, to name a few. Providing equal job opportunities and upliftment of people below the poverty line can help bring some checks onto this.

Initiative Towards Gender Equality

Any kind of discrimination acts as a roadblock in any nation’s growth, and a nation can only prosper when all its citizens have equal rights. Most of the developed countries has comparatively less gender discrimination and provide equal opportunity to both genders. Even the Indian government is taking multiple initiatives to cut down gender discrimination.

They have initiated a social campaign called “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana” to encourage the education of girl children. Besides this, the government runs multiple other schemes, such as the Women Helpline Scheme, UJJAWALA, National Mission for Empowerment of Women, etc., to generate awareness among the people. Moreover, as responsible citizens, it is our responsibility to spread knowledge on gender discrimination to create a beautiful world for wome n [1] [2] .

FAQs on Gender Equality Essay

1. What Makes Women Unequal to Men?

The social stigmas and beliefs that have been running deeply in the veins of all families make women unequal to men. Women are considered to be a burden by many families and are not provided with the same rights men enjoy in society. We are ill-informed regarding women’s rights and tend to continue age-old practices. This is made worse with social menaces such as the dowry system, child labor, child marriage, etc. Women can gather knowledge, get educated, and compete with men. This is sometimes quite threatening to the false patriarchal society.

2. How can We Promote Gender Equality?

Education is the prime measure to be taken to make society free from such menaces. When we teach our new generation regarding the best social practices and gender equal rights, we can eradicate such menaces aptly. Our society is ill-informed regarding gender equality and rights. Many policies have been designed and implemented by the government. As our country holds the second position in terms of population, it is hard to tackle these gender-based problems. It can only be erased from the deepest point by using education as the prime weapon.

3. Why should Women be Equal to Men?

Women might not be similar to men in terms of physical strength and physiological traits. Both are differently built biologically but they have the same brain and organs to function. Women these days are creating milestones that are changing society. They have traveled to space, running companies, creating history, and making everyone proud. Women are showing their capabilities in every phase and hence, they should be equal to men in all aspects.

4. Mention a few initiatives started by the Indian Government to enable gender equality.

The Indian government has initiated a social campaign called “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana” to encourage girls’ education. Besides this, the government runs multiple other schemes, such as the Women Helpline Scheme, UJJAWALA, National Mission for Empowerment of Women, etc., to generate awareness among the people.

5 Powerful Essays Advocating for Gender Equality

Gender equality – which becomes reality when all genders are treated fairly and allowed equal opportunities – is a complicated human rights issue for every country in the world. Recent statistics are sobering. According to the World Economic Forum, it will take 108 years to achieve gender parity . The biggest gaps are found in political empowerment and economics. Also, there are currently just six countries that give women and men equal legal work rights. Generally, women are only given ¾ of the rights given to men. To learn more about how gender equality is measured, how it affects both women and men, and what can be done, here are five essays making a fair point.

Take a free course on Gender Equality offered by top universities!

“Countries With Less Gender Equity Have More Women In STEM — Huh?” – Adam Mastroianni and Dakota McCoy

This essay from two Harvard PhD candidates (Mastroianni in psychology and McCoy in biology) takes a closer look at a recent study that showed that in countries with lower gender equity, more women are in STEM. The study’s researchers suggested that this is because women are actually especially interested in STEM fields, and because they are given more choice in Western countries, they go with different careers. Mastroianni and McCoy disagree.

They argue the research actually shows that cultural attitudes and discrimination are impacting women’s interests, and that bias and discrimination is present even in countries with better gender equality. The problem may lie in the Gender Gap Index (GGI), which tracks factors like wage disparity and government representation. To learn why there’s more women in STEM from countries with less gender equality, a more nuanced and complex approach is needed.

“Men’s health is better, too, in countries with more gender equality” – Liz Plank

When it comes to discussions about gender equality, it isn’t uncommon for someone in the room to say, “What about the men?” Achieving gender equality has been difficult because of the underlying belief that giving women more rights and freedom somehow takes rights away from men. The reality, however, is that gender equality is good for everyone. In Liz Plank’s essay, which is an adaption from her book For the Love of Men: A Vision for Mindful Masculinity, she explores how in Iceland, the #1 ranked country for gender equality, men live longer. Plank lays out the research for why this is, revealing that men who hold “traditional” ideas about masculinity are more likely to die by suicide and suffer worse health. Anxiety about being the only financial provider plays a big role in this, so in countries where women are allowed education and equal earning power, men don’t shoulder the burden alone.

Liz Plank is an author and award-winning journalist with Vox, where she works as a senior producer and political correspondent. In 2015, Forbes named her one of their “30 Under 30” in the Media category. She’s focused on feminist issues throughout her career.

“China’s #MeToo Moment” – Jiayang Fan

Some of the most visible examples of gender inequality and discrimination comes from “Me Too” stories. Women are coming forward in huge numbers relating how they’ve been harassed and abused by men who have power over them. Most of the time, established systems protect these men from accountability. In this article from Jiayang Fan, a New Yorker staff writer, we get a look at what’s happening in China.

The essay opens with a story from a PhD student inspired by the United States’ Me Too movement to open up about her experience with an academic adviser. Her story led to more accusations against the adviser, and he was eventually dismissed. This is a rare victory, because as Fan says, China employs a more rigid system of patriarchy and hierarchy. There aren’t clear definitions or laws surrounding sexual harassment. Activists are charting unfamiliar territory, which this essay explores.

“Men built this system. No wonder gender equality remains as far off as ever.” – Ellie Mae O’Hagan

Freelance journalist Ellie Mae O’Hagan (whose book The New Normal is scheduled for a May 2020 release) is discouraged that gender equality is so many years away. She argues that it’s because the global system of power at its core is broken. Even when women are in power, which is proportionally rare on a global scale, they deal with a system built by the patriarchy. O’Hagan’s essay lays out ideas for how to fix what’s fundamentally flawed, so gender equality can become a reality.

Ideas include investing in welfare; reducing gender-based violence (which is mostly men committing violence against women); and strengthening trade unions and improving work conditions. With a system that’s not designed to put women down, the world can finally achieve gender equality.

“Invisibility of Race in Gender Pay Gap Discussions” – Bonnie Chu

The gender pay gap has been a pressing issue for many years in the United States, but most discussions miss the factor of race. In this concise essay, Senior Contributor Bonnie Chu examines the reality, writing that within the gender pay gap, there’s other gaps when it comes to black, Native American, and Latina women. Asian-American women, on the other hand, are paid 85 cents for every dollar. This data is extremely important and should be present in discussions about the gender pay gap. It reminds us that when it comes to gender equality, there’s other factors at play, like racism.

Bonnie Chu is a gender equality advocate and a Forbes 30 Under 30 social entrepreneur. She’s the founder and CEO of Lensational, which empowers women through photography, and the Managing Director of The Social Investment Consultancy.

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About the author, emmaline soken-huberty.

Emmaline Soken-Huberty is a freelance writer based in Portland, Oregon. She started to become interested in human rights while attending college, eventually getting a concentration in human rights and humanitarianism. LGBTQ+ rights, women’s rights, and climate change are of special concern to her. In her spare time, she can be found reading or enjoying Oregon’s natural beauty with her husband and dog.

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06 September 2023

Gender equality: the route to a better world

You have full access to this article via your institution.

The Mosuo People lives in China and they are the last matriarchy society. Lugu, Sichuan, China.

The Mosuo people of China include sub-communities in which inheritance passes down either the male or the female line. Credit: TPG/Getty

The fight for global gender equality is nowhere close to being won. Take education: in 87 countries, less than half of women and girls complete secondary schooling, according to 2023 data. Afghanistan’s Taliban continues to ban women and girls from secondary schools and universities . Or take reproductive health: abortion rights have been curtailed in 22 US states since the Supreme Court struck down federal protections, depriving women and girls of autonomy and restricting access to sexual and reproductive health care .

SDG 5, whose stated aim is to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”, is the fifth of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, all of which Nature is examining in a series of editorials. SDG 5 includes targets for ending discrimination and violence against women and girls in both public and private spheres, eradicating child marriage and female genital mutilation, ensuring sexual and reproductive rights, achieving equal representation of women in leadership positions and granting equal rights to economic resources. Globally, the goal is not on track to being achieved, and just a handful of countries have hit all the targets.

How the world should oppose the Taliban’s war on women and girls

In July, the UN introduced two new indices (see go.nature.com/3eus9ue ), the Women’s Empowerment Index (WEI) and the Global Gender Parity Index (GGPI). The WEI measures women’s ability and freedoms to make their own choices; the GGPI describes the gap between women and men in areas such as health, education, inclusion and decision making. The indices reveal, depressingly, that even achieving a small gender gap does not automatically translate to high levels of women’s empowerment: 114 countries feature in both indices, but countries that do well on both scores cover fewer than 1% of all girls and women.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made things worse, with women bearing the highest burden of extra unpaid childcare when schools needed to close, and subjected to intensified domestic violence. Although child marriages declined from 21% of all marriages in 2016 to 19% in 2022, the pandemic threatened even this incremental progress, pushing up to 10 million more girls into risk of child marriage over the next decade, in addition to the 100 million girls who were at risk before the pandemic.

Of the 14 indicators for SDG 5, only one or two are close to being met by the 2030 deadline. As of 1 January 2023, women occupied 35.4% of seats in local-government assemblies, an increase from 33.9% in 2020 (the target is gender parity by 2030). In 115 countries for which data were available, around three-quarters, on average, of the necessary laws guaranteeing full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights had been enacted. But the UN estimates that worldwide, only 57% of women who are married or in a union make their own decisions regarding sexual and reproductive health and rights.

Systemic discrimination against girls and women by men, in many contexts, remains a colossal barrier to achieving gender equality. But patriarchy is not some “natural order of things” , argues Ruth Mace, an anthropologist at University College London. Hundreds of women-centred societies exist around the world. As the science writer Angela Saini describes in her latest book, The Patriarchs , these are often not the polar opposite of male-dominated systems, but societies in which men and women share decision making .

After Roe v. Wade: dwindling US abortion access is harming health a year later

One example comes from the Mosuo people in China, who have both ‘matrilineal’ and ‘patrilineal’ communities, with rights such as inheritance passing down either the male or female line. Researchers compared outcomes for inflammation and hypertension in men and women in these communities, and found that women in matrilineal societies, in which they have greater autonomy and control over resources, experienced better health outcomes. The researchers found no significant negative effect of matriliny on health outcomes for men ( A.  Z. Reynolds et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117 , 30324–30327; 2020 ).

When it comes to the SDGs, evidence is emerging that a more gender-equal approach to politics and power benefits many goals. In a study published in May, Nobue Amanuma, deputy director of the Integrated Sustainability Centre at the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in Hayama, Japan, and two of her colleagues tested whether countries with more women legislators, and more younger legislators, are performing better in the SDGs ( N. Amanuma et al. Environ. Res. Lett. 18 , 054018; 2023 ). They found it was so, with the effect more marked for socio-economic goals such as ending poverty and hunger, than for environmental ones such as climate action or preserving life on land. The researchers recommend further qualitative and quantitative studies to better understand the reasons.

The reality that gender equality leads to better outcomes across other SDGs is not factored, however, into most of the goals themselves. Of the 230 unique indicators of the SDGs, 51 explicitly reference women, girls, gender or sex, including the 14 indicators in SDG 5. But there is not enough collaboration between organizations responsible for the different SDGs to ensure that sex and gender are taken into account. The indicator for the sanitation target (SDG 6) does not include data disaggregated by sex or gender ( Nature 620 , 7; 2023 ). Unless we have this knowledge, it will be hard to track improvements in this and other SDGs.

The road to a gender-equal world is long, and women’s power and freedom to make choices is still very constrained. But the evidence from science is getting stronger: distributing power between genders creates the kind of world we all need and want to be living in.

Nature 621 , 8 (2023)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02745-9

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Closing the equity gap

Jeni Klugman

Caren Grown and Odera Onyechi

Why addressing gender inequality is central to tackling today’s polycrises

Nonresident Senior Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative, Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institution

As we enter 2023, the term “ polycrisis ” is an increasingly apt way to describe today’s challenges. 1 Major wars, high inflation, and climate events are creating hardship all around the world, which is still grappling with a pandemic death toll approaching 7 million people.

Faced with such daunting challenges, one might well ask why we should be thinking about the gender dimensions of recovery and resilience for future shocks. The answer is simple: We can no longer afford to think in silos. Today’s interlocking challenges demand that sharp inequalities, including gender disparities, must be addressed as part and parcel of efforts to tackle Africa’s pressing issues and ensure the continent’s future success.

“We can no longer afford to think in silos. … Gender disparities, must be addressed as part and parcel of efforts to tackle Africa’s pressing issues and ensure the continent’s future success.”

The burdens of the pandemic have been unequally borne across regions and countries, and between the poor and better off. Inequalities exist around gender—which can be defined as the “socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, attributes and opportunities that any society considers appropriate for men and women, boys and girls” and people with non-binary identities. 2 As Raewyn Connell laid out more than two decades ago, existing systems typically distribute greater power, resources, and status to men and behaviors considered masculine . 3 As a result, gender intersects with other sources of disadvantage, most notably income, age, race, and ethnicity.

This understanding is now mainstream. As recently observed by the IMF, “The gender inequalities exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic follow different paths but almost always end up the same: Women have suffered disproportionate economic harm from the crisis.” 4 Among the important nuances revealed by micro-surveys is that rural women working informally continued to work through the pandemic , but with sharply reduced earnings in Nigeria and elsewhere. 5 And as the burden of child care and home schooling soared, rural households headed by women were far less likely than urban households to have children engaged in learning activities during school closures.

Important insights emerge from IFPRI’s longitudinal panel study (which included Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda) covering income loss, coping strategies, labor and time use, food and water insecurity, and child education outcomes. 6

Among the especially adverse impacts for women were greater food and water insecurity compared to men, including worrying about insufficient food and eating less than usual, while a large proportion of women also did not have adequately diverse diets. Moreover, many women had to add hours to their workday caring for sick family members, and their economic opportunities shrank, cutting their earnings and widening gender income gaps.

While today’s problems seem daunting, there remain huge causes for optimism, especially in Africa. Over the past three decades, many African countries have achieved enormous gains in levels of education, health, and poverty reduction. Indeed, the pace of change has been staggering and commendable. As captured in the Women Peace and Security Index , which measures performance in inclusion, justice, and security, 6 of the top 10 score improvers during the period 2017-2021 were in sub-Saharan Africa. [GIWPS.2022. “Women Peace and Security Index” Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security.] The Democratic Republic of Congo was among top score improvers since 2017, as the share of women with financial accounts almost tripled, to 24 percent; and increases exceeding 5 percentage points were registered in cell phone use and parliamentary representation. In the Central African Republic, improvements were experienced in the security dimension, where organized violence fell significantly, and women’s perceptions of community safety rose 6 percentage points up to 49 percent.

Looking ahead, efforts to mitigate gender inequalities must clearly be multi-pronged, and as highlighted above—we need to think outside silos. That said, two major policy fronts emerge to the fore.

Ensure cash transfers that protect against poverty , are built and designed to promote women’s opportunities, with a focus on digital payments. 7 Ways to address gender inequalities as part of social protection program responses 8 include deliberate efforts to overcome gender gaps in cell phone access by distributing phones to those women who need them, as well as private sector partnerships to subsidize airtime for the poorest, and to make key information services and apps freely available . 9 Programs could also make women the default recipient of cash transfer schemes, instead of the head of household. Furthermore, capacity-building initiatives can be built into program design to give women the skills and capabilities needed to successfully manage accounts and financial decisionmaking. 10

Reducing the risk of violence against women. Women who are not safe at home are denied the freedom from violence needed to pursue opportunities that should be afforded to all. In 2018, 10 of the 15 countries with the worst rates of intimate partner violence were in sub-Saharan Africa—in descending order of average intimate partner violence these were, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Zambia, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Sudan, Djibouti, and Uganda.

“As the burden of child care and home schooling soared, rural households headed by women were far less likely than urban households to have children engaged in learning activities.”

Conflicts and crises multiply women’s risk of physical, emotional, and sexual violence . During the pandemic, risk factors like economic stress were compounded by service closures and stay-at-home orders, which increased exposure to potential perpetrators. 11 Several governments responded by strengthening existing help services , including police and justice, supporting hotlines, ensuring the provision of psychological support, and health sector responses. 12 Examples of good practice included an NGO in North-Eastern Nigeria, which equipped existing safe spaces with phone booths to enable survivors to contact caseworkers.

However, given the high levels of prevalence and often low levels of reporting, prevention of gender-based violence is key. Targeted programs with promising results in prevention include community dialogues and efforts to change harmful norms, safe spaces, as well as possibilities to reduce the risk of violence through cash plus social protection programs. These efforts should be accompanied by more systematic monitoring and evaluation to build evidence about what works in diverse settings.

Finally, but certainly not least, women should have space and voices in decisionmaking. This case was powerfully put by former President Sirleaf Johnson in her 2021 Foresight essay, which underlined that “ economic, political, institutional, and social barriers persist throughout the continent, limiting women’s abilities to reach high-level leadership positions .” 13 Persistent gender gaps in power and decision-making, not only limits innovative thinking and solutions, but also the consideration of more basic measures to avoid the worsening of gender inequalities. Overcoming these gaps in power and decision-making requires safeguarding legal protections and rights, investing in women and girls financially, and opening space for women in political parties so that women have the platforms to access high-level appointed and competitive positions across national, regional, and international institutions. 14

Strengthening fiscal policy for gender equality

Senior Fellow, Center for Sustainable Development, Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institution

Research Analyst, Center for Sustainable Development, Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institution

It is often said that women act as “shock absorbers” during times of crisis; this is even more so in the current context of climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and increased geopolitical conflict. These three global crises have simultaneously stretched women’s ability to earn income and intensified their unpaid work. Well-designed fiscal policy can help cushion the effects of these shocks and enable women and their households to recover more quickly.

Over 60 percent of employed women in Africa work in agriculture, including in small-scale food production; women are the primary sellers in food markets, and they work in other sectors such as informal trading. At the same time, women are an increasing share of entrepreneurs in countries such as Ghana and Uganda, even as they face financial and other constraints to start and grow their firms. [Africa Gender Innovation Lab (GIL). 2020. “Supporting Women Throughout the Coronavirus Emergency Response and Economic Recovery.” World Bank Group. ] In addition to earning income for their households, women bear the major responsibility for unpaid domestic activities such as cooking; collecting water and fuelwood; caring for children, elderly, and other dependents—so women are more time-poor than are men.

African women and entrepreneurs have been impacted disproportionately more than men by the triple shocks mentioned earlier. Extreme weather events disrupt food production and agricultural employment, making it harder for women to earn income . 15 16 17 The pandemic and conflict in Ukraine further intensified women’s paid and unpaid activities . 18 19 Beyond climate change and the war in Ukraine, localized conflicts and insecurity in East and West Africa exposes women and girls to gender-based violence and other risks as they seek to support their families and develop new coping strategies. 20 21 22

“Responding to these shocks necessitates a large infusion of resources. In this context, fiscal policy can be deployed more smartly to advance gender equality and create an enabling environment for women to play a greater role in building their economies’ recovery and resilience.”

Responding to these shocks necessitates a large infusion of resources. In this context, fiscal policy can be deployed more smartly to advance gender equality and create an enabling environment for women to play a greater role in building their economies’ recovery and resilience. Public expenditure supports critical sectors such as education, health, agriculture, social protection, and physical and social infrastructure, while well-designed tax policy is essential to fund the public goods, services, and infrastructure on which both women and men rely.

Gender-responsive budgets, which exist in over 30 countries across the continent, can be strengthened. Rwanda provides a good model for other countries. After an early unsuccessful attempt, Rwanda invested seriously in gender budgeting beginning in 2011. 23 24 The budget is focused on closing gaps and strengthening women’s roles in key sectors—agriculture, education, health, and infrastructure—which are all critical for short- and medium-term economic growth and productivity. The process has been sustained by strong political will among parliamentarians. Led by the Ministry of Finance, the process has financed and been complemented by important institutional and policy reforms. A constitutional regulatory body monitors results, with additional accountability by civil society organizations.

However, raising adequate fiscal revenue to support a gender budget is a challenge in the current macro environment of high public debt levels, increased borrowing costs, and low levels of public savings. Yet, observers note there is scope to increase revenues through taxation reforms, debt relief, cutting wasteful public expenditure, and other means. 25 26 We focus here on taxation.

Many countries are reforming their tax systems to strengthen revenue collection. Overall tax collection is currently low; the average tax-to-GDP ratio in Africa in 2020 was 14.8 percent and fell sharply during the pandemic, although it may be rebounding. 27 Very few Africans pay personal income tax or other central government taxes, 28 29 and statutory corporate tax rates (which range from 25-35 percent), are higher than even the recent OECD proposal for a global minimum tax 30 so scope for raising them further is limited. Efforts should be made to close loopholes and reduce tax evasion.

As countries reform their tax policies, they should be intentional about avoiding implicit and explicit gender biases. 31 32 33 34 Most African countries rely more on indirect taxes than direct taxes, given the structure of their economies, but indirect taxes can be regressive as their incidence falls primarily on the poor. Presumptive or turnover taxes, for example, which are uniform or fixed amounts of tax based on the “presumed” incomes of different occupations such as hairdressers, can hit women particularly hard, since the burden often falls heavily on sectors where women predominate. 35 36

Property taxes are also becoming an increasingly popular way to raise revenue for local governments. The impact of these efforts on male and female property owners has not been systematically evaluated, but a recent study of land use fees and agricultural income taxes in Ethiopia finds that female-headed and female adult-only households bear a larger tax burden than male-headed and dual-adult households of property taxes. This is likely a result of unequal land ownership patterns, gender norms restricting women’s engagement in agriculture, and the gender gap in agricultural productivity. 37

“Indirect taxes can be regressive as their incidence falls primarily on the poor. Presumptive or turnover taxes … can hit women particularly hard, since the burden often falls heavily on sectors where women predominate.”

Going forward, two key ingredients for gender budgeting on the continent need to be strengthened. The first is having sufficient, regularly collected, sex-disaggregated administrative data related to households, the labor force, and other survey data. Investment in the robust technical capacity for ministries and academia to be able to access, analyze, and use it is also necessary. For instance, the World Bank, UN Women, and the Economic Commission for Africa are all working with National Statistical Offices across the continent to strengthen statistical capacity in the areas of asset ownership and control, work and employment, and entrepreneurship which can be used in a gender budget.

The second ingredient is stronger diagnostic tools. One promising new tool, pioneered by Tulane University, is the Commitment to Equity methodology, designed to assess the impact of taxes and transfers on income inequality and poverty within countries. 38 It was recently extended to examine the impact of government transfers and taxes on women and men by income level and other dimensions. The methodology requires standard household-level data but for maximum effect should be supplemented with time use data, which are becoming more common in several African countries. As African countries seek to expand revenue from direct taxes, lessons from higher income economies are instructive. Although there is no one size fits all approach, key principles to keep in mind for designing personal income taxes include building in strong progressivity, taxing individuals as opposed to families, ensuring that the allocation of shared income (e.g., property or non-labor income) does not penalize women, and building in allowances for care of children and dependents. 39 As noted, corporate income taxes need to eliminate the many breaks, loopholes, and exemptions that currently exist, 40 and countries might consider experimenting with wealth taxes.

In terms of indirect taxes, most African countries do not have single-rate VAT systems and already have zero or reduced rates for basic necessities, including foodstuffs and other necessities. While it is important to minimize exempted sectors and products, estimates show that goods essential for women’s and children’s health (e.g., menstrual health products, diapers, cooking fuel) should be considered part of the basket of basic goods that have reduced or zero rates. 41 And while African governments are being advised to bring informal workers and entrepreneurs into the formal tax system, 42 it should be noted that this massive sector earns well below income tax thresholds and already pays multiple informal fees and levies, for instance in fees to market associations. 43 44

Lastly, leveraging data and digital technologies to improve tax administration (i.e., taxpayer registration, e-filing, and e-payment of taxes) may help minimize costs and processing time, and reduce the incidence of corruption and evasion.32 Digitalization can also be important for bringing more female taxpayers into the net, especially if digital systems are interoperable; for instance, digital taxpayer registries linked to national identification or to property registration at the local level. However, digitalization can be a double-edged sword if privacy and security concerns are not built-in from the outset. Women particularly may need targeted digital financial literacy and other measures to ensure their trust in the system. Recent shocks have worsened gender inequality in Africa. It is therefore important now, more than ever, to invest in strengthening fiscal systems to help women and men recover, withstand future shocks, and reduce gender inequalities. While fiscal policy is not the only tool, it is an important part of government action. To be effective and improve both budgeting and revenue collection, more and better data, new diagnostic tools, and digitalization will all be necessary.

1. Martin Wolf. 2022.“How to think about policy in a policy crisis”. Financial Times.
2. WTO. 2022. “Gender and Health”. World Health Organization.
3. Connell RW. 1995. “Masculinities”. Cambridge, UK. Polity Press.
4. Aoyagi, Chie.2021.“Africa’s Unequal Pandemic”. Finance and Development. International Monetary Fund.
5. WB.2022. “LSMS-Supported High-Frequency Phone Surveys”. World Bank.
6. Muzna Alvi, Shweta Gupta, Prapti Barooah, Claudia Ringler, Elizabeth Bryan and Ruth Meinzen-Dick.2022.“Gendered Impacts of COVID-19: Insights from 7 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia”. International Food Policy Research Institute.
7. Klugman, Jeni, Zimmerman, Jamie M., Maria A. May, and Elizabeth Kellison. 2020. “Digital Cash Transfers in the Time of COVID 19: Opportunities and Considerations for Women’s Inclusion and Empowerment”. World Bank Group.
8. IFPRI.2020. “Why gender-sensitive social protection is critical to the COVID-19 response in low-and middle-income countries”. International Food Policy Research Institute.
9. IDFR.2020. “Kenya: Mobile-money as a public-health tool”. International Day of Family Remittances.
10. Jaclyn Berfond Franz Gómez S. Juan Navarrete Ryan Newton Ana Pantelic. 2019. “Capacity Building for Government-to-Person Payments A Path to Women’s Economic Empowerment”. Women’s World Banking.
11. Peterman, A. et al.2020. “Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children”.Center for Global Development Working Paper.
12. UNDP/ UN Women Tracker.2022. “United Nations Development Programme. COVID-19 Global Gender Response Tracker”. United Nations Development Programme. New York.
13. McKinsey Global Institute .2019. “The power of parity: Advancing women’s equality in Africa”.
14. Foresight Africa. 2022. “African Women and Girls: Leading a continent.” The Brookings Institution.
15. One recent study in West, Central Africa, East and Southern Africa found that women represented a larger share of agricultural employment in areas affected by heat waves and droughts, and a lower share in areas unaffected by extreme weather events. Nico, G. et al. 2022. “How Weather Variability and Extreme Shocks Affect Women’s Participation in African Agriculture.” Gender, Climate Change, and Nutrition Integration Initiative Policy Note 14.
16. Carleton, E. 2022. “Climate Change in Africa: What Will It Mean for Agriculture and Food Security?” International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).
17. Nebie, E.K. et al. 2021. “Food Security and Climate Shocks in Senegal: Who and Where Are the Most Vulnerable Households?” Global Food Security, 29.
18. Sen, A.K. 2022. “Russia’s War in Ukraine Is Taking a Toll on Africa.” United States Institute of Peace.
19. Thomas, A. 2020. “Power Structures over Gender Make Women More Vulnerable to Climate Change.” Climate Change News.
21. Kalbarczyk, A. et al. 2022. “COVID-19, Nutrition, and Gender: An Evidence-Informed Approach to Gender Responsive Policies and Programs.” Social Science & Medicine, 312.
22. Epstein, A. 2020. “Drought and Intimate Partner Violence Towards Women in 19 Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa During 2011-2018: A Population-Based Study.” PLoS Med, 17(3).
23. Stotsky, J. et al. 2016. “Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of Gender Budgeting Efforts. IMF Working Paper 2016/512.
24. Kadama, C. et al. 2018. Sub-Saharan Africa.” In Kolovich, L. (Ed.), Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality (pp. 9-32). International Monetary Fund (IMF).
25. Ortiz, I. and Cummins, M. 2021. “Abandoning Austerity: Fiscal Policies for Inclusive Development.” In Gallagher, K. and Gao, H. (Eds.), Building Back a Better Global Financial Safety Net (pp. 11-22). Global Development Policy Center.
26. Roy, R. et al. 2006. “Fiscal Space for Public Investment: Towards a Human Development Approach.”
27. ATAF, 2021.
28. Moore, M. et al. 2018. “Taxing Africa: Coercion, Reform and Development. Bloomsbury Publishing.
29. Rogan, M. 2019. Tax Justice and the Informal Economy: A Review of the Debates.” Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing Working Paper 14.
30. African Tax Administrative Forum (ATAF). 2021. African Tax Outlook 2021.
31. Stotsky, J. et al. 2016. “Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of Gender Budgeting Efforts.” IMF Working Paper 2016/512.
32. Coelho, M. et al. 2022. “Gendered Taxes: The Interaction of Tax Policy with Gender Equality.” IMF Working Paper 2022/26.
33. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2021. Gender and Capital Budgeting.
34. Grown, C. and Valodia, I. 2010. Taxation and Gender Equity: A Comparative Analysis of Direct and Indirect Taxes in Developing and Developed Countries. Routledge.
35. Joshi, Anuradha et al. 2020. “Gender and Tax Policies in the Global South.” International Centre for Tax and Development.
36. Komatsu, H. et al. 2021. “Gender and Tax Incidence of Rural Land Use Fee and Agricultural In¬come Tax in Ethiopia.” Policy Research Working Papers.
38. Lustig, N. 2018. “Commitment to Equity Handbook: Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inequality and Poverty.” Brookings Institution Press.
39. Grown, C. and Valodia, I. 2010. “Taxation and Gender Equity: A Comparative Analysis of Direct and Indirect Taxes in Developing and Developed Countries.” Routledge.
40. Cesar, C. et al. 2022. “Africa’s Pulse: An Analysis of Issues Shaping Africa’s Economic Future.” World Bank.
41. Woolard, I. 2018. Recommendations on Zero Ratings in the Value-Added Tax System. Independent Panel of Experts for the Review of Zero Rating in South Africa.
42. It is important to distinguish between firms and individuals that are large enough to pay taxes but do not (which include icebergs, e.g., which are registered and therefore partially visible to tax authorities but do not pay their full obligations) and ghosts, e.g., those which should register to pay but do not and there invisible to tax authorities) and firms and individuals that are small and potentially but not necessarily taxable such as street vendors and waste pickers. Rogan, M. (2019). “Tax Justice and the Informal Economy: A Review of the Debates.” Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing Working Paper 14.
44. Ligomeka, W. 2019. “Expensive to be a Female Trader: The Reality of Taxation of Flea Market Trad¬ers in Zimbabwe.” International Center for Tax and Development Working Paper 93.

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06 | Climate Change Adapting to a new normal

Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2023

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Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See Advantages for Men

Sizable shares say men have more opportunities for high-paying jobs, should have preferential treatment when jobs are scarce, table of contents.

Widespread support for equal rights for men and women
People in most countries are optimistic about the future of gender equality
Majorities in many African, Middle Eastern and Asian-Pacific publics say men should have preferential treatment when jobs are scarce
Across the globe, many believe men in their country have a better life than women
Men generally seen as having more opportunities than women for high-paying jobs
Many say men have more opportunities than women to be leaders in their community
Publics see more gender parity when it comes to people’s opportunities to express their political views and to get a good education
Many say men have more influence than women when it comes to making important decisions about household finances
Larger shares say women have more influence when it comes to how to raise children than say men do
People generally think men and women have about the same influence when it comes to decisions about their family’s religious practices
In nearly all countries surveyed, majorities prefer an egalitarian marriage
Acknowledgments
Methodology

Women take part in a strike to demand gender equality and other rights in front of the Argentine Congress in Buenos Aires on March 9, 2020. (Carol Smiljan/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

This report explores cross-national perceptions of gender equality, including the opportunities available to men and women and the power they wield in family decisions. It also examines expectations for the future of gender equality across countries.

For this report, we used data from a survey conducted across 34 countries from May 13 to Oct. 2, 2019, totaling 38,426 respondents. The surveys were conducted face-to-face across Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, and on the phone in United States and Canada. In the Asia-Pacific region, face-to-face surveys were conducted in India, Indonesia and the Philippines, while phone surveys were administered in Australia, Japan and South Korea. Across Europe, the survey was conducted over the phone in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, but face-to-face in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine.

Here are the questions used for the report, along with responses, and the survey methodology .

Twenty-five years after the United Nations’ Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action pledged to take the necessary steps to “remove all obstacles to gender equality and the advancement and empowerment of women,” support for gender equality is strong around the globe. Across 34 countries surveyed by Pew Research Center, a median of 94% think it is important for women in their country to have the same rights as men, with 74% saying this is very important.

Most say gender equality in their country is very important

In many countries, women place more importance on gender equality than men do. However, women are less optimistic than men that women in their countries will achieve equality in the future, and they are more likely to say men have better lives than women.

Many think men have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting high-paying jobs

While publics around the world embrace the idea of gender equality, at least four-in-ten think men generally have more opportunities than women in their country when it comes to getting high-paying jobs (a median of 54% across the 34 countries surveyed) and being leaders in their community (44%). Publics see more equity in access to a good education – a median of 81% believe men and women in their country generally have the same opportunities in this area – and expressing their political views (63% say men and women have the same opportunities). No more than 6% say women have more opportunities than men in any of these realms.

Majorities in most European countries surveyed, as well as in Japan, South Korea, Israel, Australia, Canada and the United States, say men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting high-paying jobs. When it comes to being leaders in their communities, more than half in Nigeria, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Tunisia, Greece, France and Slovakia think men in their country have more opportunities than women.

Despite widespread support for gender equality around the world, a notable share (a median of 40% across the countries surveyed) thinks men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce; 56% disagree with this notion. In some countries, men are more likely than women to say men should have preferential treatment when jobs are scarce, with double-digit gender differences in Kenya, Nigeria, Bulgaria, South Africa, Israel, Slovakia, Italy, Argentina and the Czech Republic.

More people now say men have a better life than women in their country

When asked who has a better life in their country, a 46% median across the 34 countries surveyed say men do, while 15% point to women and 31% volunteer that neither men nor women have a better life. Majorities in France, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Canada, the U.S., Turkey, Australia and the Netherlands think men have a better life than women in their country. Tunisia is the only country surveyed where more say women have a better life than say men do, although similar shares say women have a better life as say both men and women enjoy the same quality of life.

In most of the 34 countries surveyed, women are more likely than men to say men have a better life in their country. Gender differences are particularly large on this question in Greece (women are 27 percentage points more likely to say this), Slovakia (25 points), Italy (25), Canada (20), Brazil (20), Hungary (19) and Turkey (18).

The shares saying that men have a better life than women in their country have increased considerably since 2010 in many of the countries where trends are available – possibly as a result of increased awareness of gender issues spurred by the #MeToo Movement – with differences of at least 20 percentage points in Turkey, the UK, South Korea and Japan. Poland is the only country surveyed in both years where a smaller share now says men have a better life than did so in 2010.

Women less optimistic than men about gender equality in their country

Despite seeing some advantages for men, most people express optimism about the future of gender equality in their country. A median of 75% across the 34 countries surveyed think it is likely that women in their country will eventually have the same rights as men, and 5% volunteer that women in their country have already achieved equality.

Men tend to be more optimistic than women about prospects for gender equality, with gender differences of at least 10 percentage points in 10 countries and smaller but significant differences in 11 others. For example, 77% of men in Japan – compared with 58% of women – say it’s likely that women in their country will eventually attain or already have the same rights as men. Nigeria and the Philippines are the only countries surveyed where a larger share of women than men are optimistic about gender equality.

Majorities think men and women have about the same influence in making important family decisions

When it comes to family life, the sense is that men and women have about the same influence in making important decisions in their households. A 34-country median of 55% say both have roughly equal influence when it comes to important decisions about household finances, 56% say this about how to raise children and 62% say this of decisions about a family’s religious practices. To the extent that people see a difference, however, men are generally seen as having more of an influence than women when it comes to decisions about household finances, while women are generally seen as having more influence when it comes to decisions about raising children.

In nearly every country surveyed, majorities say that a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the home is more satisfying than one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. Even so, sizable shares in many countries say a more traditional marriage would be preferable, including about four-in-ten in India, Indonesia, Lebanon, Turkey and Tunisia.

These are among the major findings from a Pew Research Center survey conducted among 38,426 people in 34 countries from May 13 to Oct. 2, 2019.

Most agree that gender equality is important

Most people agree it is important for women to have the same rights as men in their country. Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 94% hold this view, including nearly all in Sweden, the Netherlands, France, the U.S., Canada, Germany, Greece, Spain, Australia, Argentina, the UK and Hungary.

In addition, majorities in 30 nations say it is very important that men and women have the same rights in their country. The share who endorse this stronger sentiment varies across countries, however.

In Sweden, the most egalitarian country included in the survey based on indices from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations Development Program , 96% believe gender equality is very important. By comparison, substantially smaller shares hold this view in Tunisia (44%) and Nigeria (43%), two countries with relatively higher levels of gender inequality. Strong support for gender equality is also relatively less common in Kenya, Russia, South Korea and Ukraine.

Larger shares of women than men say gender equality is very important in many countries

Within each country, views of equality often differ by gender. In 20 nations, women are more likely than men to say gender equality is very important. This gender difference is largest in Kenya and Nigeria, where relatively small shares overall view equal rights as very important. More than half of women in Nigeria (54%) think gender equality is very important, compared with only 31% of men. And while 64% of Kenyan women say gender equality is very important, just 40% of Kenyan men express the same view. In many countries where overwhelming majorities endorse equality, men and women do not differ in their views.

The U.S. is the only country where men are more likely than women to say it is very important for men and women to have the same rights. But while the difference is statistically significant, it is fairly small: 93% of men hold this view, compared with 89% of women.

Educational attainment is also related to views of gender equality. In 26 countries, those with more education are more likely than those with less to believe it is very important for women to have the same rights as men. 1 The largest differences are in Lithuania and the Czech Republic. Three-quarters or more of those with more education in Lithuania (76%) and the Czech Republic (87%) hold this view, compared with 54% of Lithuanians and 66% of Czechs with less education. There are also educational differences of 10 percentage points or more in Italy, Bulgaria, South Korea, Mexico, the Philippines, Ukraine, Spain, Poland and Nigeria.

Majorities in most nations see gender equality as likely in their country

In addition to viewing gender equality as important, most people are optimistic that women will eventually have the same rights as men in their country. Majorities in 30 of the 34 countries surveyed hold this view, including roughly 90% in the Netherlands, India, the Philippines and Mexico.

In the U.S., 75% believe gender equality is likely. An additional 14% volunteer the response that women already have the same rights as men. One-in-ten or more in most Central and Eastern European nations, as well as Ukraine, Greece, Italy, Russia, Israel and Tunisia, agree that women and men already have equal rights.

Despite widespread optimism globally, substantive shares in some of the countries surveyed say it is unlikely that women will eventually have the same rights as men in their country. About a quarter or more in Nigeria, Japan, Kenya,Turkey, Israel, Tunisia, Spain and Hungary are pessimistic about the prospects for gender equality in their country.

Across many countries, women are less optimistic than men about the likelihood of attaining gender equality. For example, 77% of men in Japan think either men and women already have equal rights or that it is likely they will in the future, compared with 58% of Japanese women. Similar gender differences can be found in 20 other countries, including roughly 15 percentage point differences in Spain, South Korea, France, Italy and Brazil.

Nigeria and the Philippines are the only publics that show the opposite pattern: Larger shares of women than men say gender equality is likely. Half of men in Nigeria express this view, compared with 68% of women.

Views differ across globe on whether men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce

Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 56% disagree with the notion that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce; 40% agree that men should receive preferential treatment in this situation.

In nearly all North American, Western European and Latin American countries surveyed – as well as in Australia, Lithuania, Hungary, Israel, the Czech Republic and Japan – majorities reject the idea that men should have more right to a job than women in tough economic times, as do pluralities in Poland and Bulgaria. This is particularly the case in Sweden, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, the U.S., the UK, Australia, France and Germany, where roughly eight-in-ten or more disagree that men deserve preferential treatment when jobs are scarce.

In contrast, majorities in the African countries surveyed, as well as in India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Turkey and Lebanon, agree that men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce. Roughly eight-in-ten say this in Tunisia and India.

Views on this remain virtually unchanged in most of the countries where the question has been previously asked (most recently in 2012 in Lebanon, Turkey and Tunisia and in 2010 in 15 other countries). Publics are now more likely to agree that men should have preferential treatment when jobs are scarce in Kenya (12 percentage points higher), Lebanon (+11 points) and Mexico (+11 points). Meanwhile, the shares saying men should have more right to a job in tough economic times have dropped in South Korea (8 percentage points less likely), Nigeria (-7 points) and Argentina (-6 points).

Across 30 of the 34 countries surveyed, those with less education are more likely to believe men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce. For example, majorities of six-in-ten or more among those with less education in Turkey, Lebanon, Kenya, Slovakia, South Africa and South Korea agree, compared with roughly half or fewer of those with more education in these countries.

In some countries, men are more likely than women to agree that men should have more right to a job in hard times

Income is also related to views on this. In most countries surveyed, those with lower incomes – equivalent to the median for their country or less – are more likely than those with higher incomes to say men should have more right to a job during tough economic times. In the U.S., Australia and much of Western Europe, those with lower incomes are at least twice as likely as those with higher incomes to believe men should receive preferential treatment when jobs are scarce. Still, only about a quarter or fewer across income groups in each of these countries say this.

In some countries, men are more likely than women to agree that men deserve preferential treatment when jobs are scarce, with double-digit differences in Kenya, Nigeria, Bulgaria, South Africa, Israel, Slovakia, Italy, Argentina and the Czech Republic.

There are also double-digit differences between the oldest and youngest age groups in South Korea, Brazil, Italy, Greece, Argentina, Poland, Lebanon, the Philippines, Israel, Australia, France and Spain: In each of these countries, adults ages 50 and older are more likely than those ages 18 to 29 to agree that men should have more right to a job during tough economic times.

Few think women have a better life than men

Though many people expect that their country will become more egalitarian in time, a median of 46% across the 34 countries surveyed say that, all things considered, men have a better life than women in their country.

Majorities in France, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Canada, the U.S., Turkey, Australia and the Netherlands say men have a better life than women in their country. Pluralities in many other countries express the same view.

The volunteered response that neither gender has a better life than the other is common in many countries, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Roughly half or more provide this response in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.

A third or more in Tunisia, Kenya, South Korea and South Africa believe, all things considered, women have a better life than men. Tunisia is the only country surveyed where a larger share say women are better off (37%) than say men are (24%).

Women more likely to see men as having a better life

This question was last asked in a subset of countries in 2010. In many of these countries, the share who believe men have a better life than women has increased substantially. The largest change is in Turkey. Roughly one-third of people in Turkey said men had a better life than women in 2010, compared with 57% in 2019.

Increases of roughly 20 percentage points or more can also be seen in the UK, South Korea, Japan, Spain, Indonesia and the U.S. Smaller increases can be seen in Argentina, Mexico, Brazil and Kenya. Poland is the only country where this share has decreased since 2010, from 55% to 35% in 2019.

As with other questions related to gender equality, men and women tend to hold different views. In 23 of the 34 countries surveyed, women are more likely than men to believe that men have a better life in their country. In Greece, almost half of women hold this view, compared with only 20% of men. Differences of 20 percentage points or more can also be seen in Slovakia, Italy, Canada and Brazil.

Nigeria stands out again for showing the opposite pattern. Men (51%) are more likely than women (42%) to say that men are better off in their country. Indonesia shows a similar pattern.

Many see more opportunities for men in getting high-paying jobs

Majorities or pluralities in 22 of the 34 countries surveyed say men generally have more opportunities for high-paying jobs than women, including about two-thirds or more in Sweden, France, Japan, South Korea, Israel, Spain, the UK, Australia and Canada. More than four-in-ten in Greece, Nigeria, Russia, Lebanon and Argentina also think men in their country have more opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs, but similar shares think opportunities are generally the same for men and women.

In the Philippines, Indonesia, India, South Africa, Kenya and Mexico, majorities say men and women have similar opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs; half in Tunisia share this view.

Across most of the countries surveyed, women are significantly more likely than men to say men in their country have more opportunities when it comes to getting high-paying jobs. About two-thirds of women in the U.S. (66%) believe men in their country have more opportunities for high-paying jobs, compared with about half of men in the U.S. (53%). And while majorities of men and women in Canada say men have more opportunities in this area, women are far more likely to say this is the case (77% vs. 55%, respectively). This pattern is evident in nearly every European country surveyed (Greece and Lithuania are the exception), as well as in Australia, Ukraine, Brazil, South Korea, Russia, Argentina and Japan.

Men seen as having more opportunities to be leaders in their community

When it comes to opportunities to be leaders in their community, majorities in Nigeria, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Tunisia, Greece and France say men in their country have more opportunities than women; about half in Slovakia say the same.

Even in many countries where majorities or pluralities believe men and women in their country generally have the same opportunities to be leaders in their community, sizable shares say men have more opportunities than women. For example, about four-in-ten or more in Spain, Canada, the U.S., Brazil, South Africa, India, Russia and Australia say this is the case in their country.

For the most part, men and women offer similar views on this. But to the extent that there is a difference, women tend to be more likely than men to see an advantage for men in getting opportunities to be leaders in their community. The exception is Kenya, where men (53%) are more likely than women (43%) to say men have more opportunities to be leaders in their community.

In most countries, men and women seen as having similar opportunities to express political views

In 30 of the 34 countries surveyed, majorities or pluralities think men and women in their country have about the same opportunities when it comes to expressing their political views. About half in Japan also believe this, but an identical share says men have more opportunities than women.

More than six-in-ten Nigerians (64%) say men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to expressing their political views, as do 55% in South Korea and 53% in Turkey. Even in countries where majorities or pluralities believe men and women have about the same opportunities in this area, the shares saying men have more opportunities than women exceed the shares saying women have more opportunities by at least 10 percentage points.

Opinions on this generally do not vary significantly by gender, but in nine countries, women are far more likely than men to say men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views. For example, in South Korea, a majority of women (60%) think men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views, compared with 49% of South Korean men.

Gender gaps are also evident in the Netherlands (41% of women vs. 28% of men say men have more opportunities), Australia (36% vs. 23%), Spain (34% vs. 21%), Canada (34% vs. 23%), France (45% vs. 35%), the UK (36% vs. 27%), the U.S. (36% vs. 28%) and the Czech Republic (24% vs. 17%).

Kenya is the only country surveyed where men are more likely than women to say men in their country have more opportunities to express their political views. More than four-in-ten Kenyan men (45%) say this, compared with 35% of Kenyan women.

Most see gender parity in opportunities for getting a good education

When it comes to getting a good education, majorities in all but one country surveyed – ranging from 64% in Brazil to 91% in Greece – say men and women in their country have about the same opportunities. About half say the same in Turkey.

One-third of the public in Turkey and about one-in-five in Nigeria, Israel, France, Slovakia, Brazil, Japan and South Korea think men in their country have more opportunities than women when it comes to getting a good education; smaller shares in these countries think women have more opportunities than men.

Tunisia is the only country surveyed where a significantly larger share says women have more opportunities than men to get a good education than say men have more opportunities than women. About a quarter of Tunisians (24%) see women as having more opportunities in this area, compared with 6% who say men do; 70% believe men and women have about the same opportunities to get a good education.

With the exception of Turkey, majorities of men and women across the countries surveyed believe both genders have about the same opportunities when it comes to getting a good education. And for the most part, differences in how men and women see this are modest at best.

In many countries, sizable shares say men have more influence than women in decisions about household finances

Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 55% say that, in a family, men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances; 23% say men generally have more influence and 15% say women do.

To the extent that people see one gender having more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances, men are generally seen as having more influence than women. In 16 of the 34 countries surveyed, more say men have more influence than say women do by a margin of at least 10 percentage points. The gap is particularly wide in Nigeria, where 61% say men generally have more influence in this area (compared with 10% who say women do), Turkey (54% vs. 11%), Israel (44% vs. 11%), Lebanon (40% vs. 10%) and Sweden (37% vs. 9%). In each of these countries, people are at least four times as likely to say men have more influence as they are to say women do.

Among European publics, majorities or pluralities in 12 of 14 countries surveyed say men and women generally have about the same influence in making important decisions about household finances. The only two European countries surveyed where this is not the case are Lithuania and Slovakia, where similar or equal shares say both genders have about the same influence as say men have more influence in this area.

Majorities in the three Latin American countries surveyed – Mexico, Argentina and Brazil – say men and women have about the same influence in making important decisions about household finances. This is also the case in the Philippines, Canada, the U.S., Australia, Indonesia and South Africa.

Larger shares of men than women say men have more influence in decisions about household finances

Japan is the only country where the share saying women have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances is significantly larger than the share saying men do (29% vs. 16%). Still, 54% in Japan say men and women generally have about the same influence.

In most of the countries surveyed, men and women have similar views on this question, but where differences emerge, men are typically more likely than women to say men in their country have more influence when it comes to important decisions about household finances, while women are more likely to say either women do or that both are about equal. For example, 61% of men in Turkey (vs. 48% of women) say men in their country have more influence than women. The UK is the only country surveyed where women are more likely than men to say men have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about household finances.

When it comes to decisions about child rearing, many say women have more influence than men

When it comes to who in a family has more influence when it comes to making important decisions about how to raise children, a median of 56% across the 34 countries surveyed say men and women have about the same influence; 39% say women have more influence and just 6% say men do.

Majorities in 18 of the 34 countries surveyed say that, in a family, men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about how to raise children. Still, in nearly every country, far larger shares say women have more influence in this area than say men do. And in seven of the 34 countries – Lithuania, Greece, Lebanon, Slovakia, Israel, the Czech Republic and Turkey – majorities or pluralities say women in their country have more influence than men in making important decisions about raising children.

Men and women generally agree in their assessments of who has more influence when it comes to decisions about how to raise children, but there are exceptions. For example, in Brazil, women (43%) are more likely than men (34%) to say women in their country have more influence in making important decisions in this area; in turn, Brazilian men (61%) are more likely then Brazilian women (52%) to say both have about the same influence.

Most see gender parity when it comes to making decisions about religion

Across the 34 countries surveyed, a median of 62% say that, in a family, men and women generally have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices; 18% say women have more influence, while 14% say men do.

Across most of the countries surveyed, majorities or pluralities say men and women have about the same influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. There are a few exceptions to this pattern. In Sweden, Israel and Nigeria, similar shares say men and women have about the same influence as say men have more influence than women in this area. And in Lithuania, 37% say men and women have the same influence and 41% say women have more influence.

In Israel, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, men are more likely than women to say that men in their country have more influence when it comes to making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. About half of men in Israel (51%) and Nigeria (49%) say this, compared with 38% of Israeli women and 36% of Nigerian women. And while about three-in-ten South African (28%) and Kenyan (31%) men say men in their country have more influence over important decisions about their family’s religious practices, two-in-ten women in each of those countries say the same.

In turn, women in Brazil, South Korea, Nigeria, Russia, France and Lebanon are more likely than their male counterparts to say women have more influence in making important decisions about their family’s religious practices. The gender difference is largest in Brazil, where 42% of women – vs. 29% of men – hold this view.

Majorities across the globe prefer an egalitarian marriage

A median of 72% across the 34 countries surveyed say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is a more satisfying way of life than one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. The shares saying that a more egalitarian marriage is better are lowest in Lithuania, Tunisia and Indonesia.

Publics in Sweden, France and Spain are the most likely to say an egalitarian marriage is preferable to one where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children. This view is also widespread in Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Kenya, Bulgaria, the UK, South Korea, Italy and Argentina, where at least three-quarters say the same.

In Tunisia and Indonesia, views on the more satisfying type of marriage are split. About half in each country prefer a marriage where the husband and wife both have jobs and take care of the house, while similar shares prefer a marriage with more traditional gender roles.

Even in some countries where majorities or pluralities prefer an egalitarian marriage, substantial shares say a marriage where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and family would be more satisfying. For example, a third or more in India, Lebanon, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Nigeria and Lithuania say a more traditional marriage would be preferable.

Views on this vary somewhat by gender, but the differences tend to be relatively small, even in some countries where they are statistically different. In Poland, Turkey and Argentina, women are more likely than men to prefer an egalitarian marriage by a double-digit margin (10 percentage points in Poland, 11 points in Turkey and 12 points in Argentina).

Opinions vary more widely across educational attainment. Those with more education more likely to prefer a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children in most of the countries surveyed. In fact, in 17 countries, those with more education are more likely to say this by 10 or more points, including difference of at least 20 points in Turkey (25 points more likely), Lebanon (21 points) and Brazil (20 points).

Age is also linked to views on what type of marriage is preferable in about half of the countries surveyed, with people younger than 30 more likely than those ages 50 and older to say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is the more satisfying way of life. The difference is particularly pronounced in Lithuania, where 71% of those younger than 30 prefer an egalitarian marriage, compared with 43% of those ages 50 and older. There are also double-digit age differences in the U.S., Canada, Italy, the UK, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Australia, South Korea, Lebanon, Tunisia, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.

Preference for an egalitarian marriage has increased in three of the 16 countries where this question was also asked in 2010 (by 11 percentage points in South Korea, 8 points in Argentina and 6 points in Nigeria). In contrast, smaller shares now see an egalitarian marriage as preferable in Turkey, Indonesia, Russia and Germany. The steepest decline is in Turkey. About six-in-ten (57%) now say a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is the more satisfying way of life, compared with 72% a decade ago.

For the purpose of comparing educational groups across countries, we standardize education levels based on the UN’s International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). The lower education category is below secondary education and the higher category is secondary or above in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, the Philippines, South Africa, Tunisia and Ukraine. In all other countries, the lower education category is secondary education or below and the higher category is postsecondary or above. ↩

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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best gender equality topic ideas & essay examples, 💡 most interesting gender equality topics to write about, ❓ gender equality essay questions.

Gender Equality in Higher Education: The Underrepresentation of Women in Educational Leadership A prime example of gender inequality is the underrepresentation of women in educational leadership, and this problem is going to be considered here in detail.
SDGs – Equality Education and Gender Equality The quality of education for girls can affect their employment and their ability to support themselves financially. With a good education, women have a larger range of jobs to choose from and the opportunity to […]
Absolute Gender Equality in a Marriage Despite the fact that the principles of gender equality in marriage will clearly affect not only the relationships between a husband and a wife but also the roles of the spouses considerably, it is bound […]
Gender Inequality in Workplace Gender is the main reason for inequalities in the workplace; this is because nowadays there is a steady increase in the number of women in workplaces in the world.
The Progress of Gender Equality The key achievements have been the removal of all forms of discrimination against women, the promotion of legal literacy, education, and the general protection of the rights of women.
Title IX: Gender Equality in Education Education provides opportunities for developing the abilities of girls and boys, women and men to participate in the social, economic, and political life of the state and is the basis for the development of a […]
Gender Equality in the Laing O’Rourke Company The construction industry in the UK has been in a steady decline for from 2011 to 2016, with its fall culminating in autumn, when Carillion, one of the largest construction company in the region, disintegrated.
Gender Equality and Development Despite the progress of the last century on ensuring the equal rights for both genders, there are still issues that have to be addressed by the global society.
Gender Equality and Title IX The function of Title IX is to guarantee gender equality in college sports and it has supported the development of female sports.
The Discussion of Concepts of Gender Equality In the article, the author presents such concepts as violence, harm, empowerment, freedom, and universal care from the point of view of capitalism, liberalism, and feminism to reach the point of gender equality.
Gender Equality in Children’s Perception Despite the variety of achievements made on the subject in different parts of the world, the general tendency leads society toward accepting the idea of equality between men and women.
Gender Equality as Target of Social Work As far as health care is concerned, the primary issue of gender inequality addresses the issue of access to the services and the quality of care provided.
Naomi Osaka’s Case of Gender Equality in Sports The recent case of retirement by Naomi Osaka is a prime example of how gender roles and racism in sports can affect even the best athletes making sports an important discussion in the context of […]
Creating a Culture of Gender Equality in the Workplace This proposal will consider the existing gender inequality within the field of architecture and propose several changes an architecture firm should undertake to create a culture of gender equality.
Gender Equality: Definition, Challenges Over the decades, society viewed the female gender as an inferior sect in the community hence the emergent issues of imbalance in the system.
Female Criminality and Gender Equality The present paper considers this theory by exploring the differences in treatment of females in the United States and Nigeria and assessing their impact on female criminality in the two countries.
Media and ICT Industries Gender Equality Initiatives Therefore, the inability to use media and social networks to build a business is a serious obstacle to the development of women’s entrepreneurship in less developed countries.
Empowering Gender Equality in the United Arab Emirates Workforce The objective of the paper is to track changes in gender equality policies, especially concerning the equal representation of all women in the country’s workforce.
Gender Equality in Finland and the U.S. Legal Situation: discuss the laws regarding general gender equality and the representation of women in positions of political power. Political Situation: analyze the current political landscape in the United States as well as Finland and […]
The Women’s Movement and Gender Equality: ERA Opponents of the ERA argue that it is redundant due to the already existing Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Private Clubs and Gender Equality In the clubs, members of the society get opportunity to pursue their goals and interests collectively and for the benefit of all.
Women in Developing Countries: Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality Owing to issues of gender, the voices of women in developing countries are never heard when it comes to the creation of trade agreements and policies or in their negotiations.
Feminism and Support of Gender Equality Nowadays, it involves advocacy and a set of activities aimed to protect the rights of a plethora of discriminated groups, including LGBT community members and racial minorities.
Gender Equality in Sweden and America The parental leave is extended to fathers, and the government strives to maintain a fair gender proportion in the top positions in public agencies.
Social and Gender Equality Ideals and Theories According to Friedrich, there is no need of elevating the selfish desires of the human race in the pretext of democracy or hot pursuit for gender equality. However, the equality of outcome tends to be […]
Gender Equality Issues in the Workplace Environment Hence, the gathering of information to validate the allegations is central to the resolution of the gender issue in the case study.
Gender Equality: Plan to Address the Issue The vice president of administration and finance should use a powerful plan to address the issues affecting the institution. To begin with, I will use a powerful plan to address the issues affecting different female […]
Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality Concepts According to Georgellis and Sankae, the Theory of Gender Role emerged out of the consistent work of different psychologists who were interested in explaining the differences between men and women from a socio-economic angle.
Male Nurses and Gender Equality in the Workplace The research will go further to examine how the concept of gender equality in the nursing working environment can address the problem of the nursing shortage.
Gender Equality and Its Development Another important indication of the progress is the creation of UN Women, which addressed the known shortcomings of the global women’s rights movements, such as barriers to funding and lack of centralized effort aimed at […]
The Question of Gender Equality: Scott vs. Terrall The paper also answers the question of gender equality, in terms of the standing of women in scientific society, and explains why the arguments of both authors are valid and provide a useful insight into […]
Developing a Culture of Gender Equality by Awadhi The author is one of the modern and educated women in the UAE, which provides evidence of her ability to develop an article describing the state of women in the country.
Gender Equality: Women Leadership in Financial Sector The primary purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of various GE tools in the context of the financial sector in the US.
Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment by Gemechu Ogato The article “The Quest for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the least Developed Countries” presents a macro work. The ideas presented in this article will guide more societies and governments to identify better policies […]
Gender Equality and Globalization’ Issues Since the world policies adopt a new progressive direction, the idea of gender equality enters the category of the ultimate Millennium development goals.
The Struggle for Gender Equality Before going any further it is crucial to emphasize the pitfalls when it comes to asserting the rights of women when it comes to the need for similar treatment in comparison to men.
Mary Wollstonecraft’s Achievements in Struggles for Gender Equality First wave feminists advocated for women to be granted the right to vote in the U.S. Their persistent pressure made the U.S.government to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment of 1920, which granted women the right to […]
Global Inequalities: Are they Gendered? Due to the presence of multiple programs in the developed world that have helped to empower women there, the number of poor women has not been increasing there as fast as in the developing world.
Gender Equality: Male Dominance The simple reason is that gender inequality exists in affluent societies wherein women are free to do what they want, have access to education, and have the capacity to create wealth.
Gender inequality in Algeria The fact that women helped to build back the ruins of society and the heroism they showed in the war efforts, was forgotten by their husbands and the government.
Tunisia’s Gender Equality These people feel that the government should advance democracy in this country, and Muslims should be taught the importance of following the law of the country, for the good of all people.
Gender inequality in Canada According to, although it is certain that men and women have actual differences particularly physically, most of the social indifference perception are not because of the biological connotation but because of the over time cultural […]
Scholars Comment on Gender Equality Aristotle argument that men are superior to women probably might not have led to the interpretation that male dominance in the rule of society to be as a result of women being inferior rather it’s […]
Inequality as a Gender Issue in the Workplace However, at the turn of the 20th century there was a rapid wave of social change that began to recognize and appreciate the role of a woman as an equal contributor to society, therefore, women […]
Chaucer and Sophocles Views on Gender Equality The Status of Women during this Period Beforehand, women were perceived as inferior and lived according to the rules stipulated to guide the family settings, making them lack a sense of identity in the society.
Gender Inequality in the US Of more importance in the enhancement of gender inequality is the role of the media. The natural constrains described above and the multiplier effects from the historical insubordination of women still play to men’s favor […]
Gender Equality in the United States, China and Egypt Thus the role of education is to help boost gender equality in various aspect of the society, including employment sector, politics and contribution in economic development.
Are Women Important in Gulf Politics? What are the Main Barriers to Gender Equality? Although this is the case, still many organizations that fights against such discriminations have been in the frontline in ensuring countries within this region accept the importance of women participation in all spheres of development.
What Is Gender Equality?
Does Gender Equality Exist?
Why Is Gender Equality Ruining Everyone’s Happiness?
How Are Organizations Assessing Gender Equality Within?
Why Is Gender Equality Higher in Developed Countries? Is Equality the Cause or the Result of the Development?
Can Certified-Tea Value Chains Deliver Gender Equality in Tanzania?
How Has the Appearance of Various Affordable Birth Control Methods Contributed to the Establishment of Gender Equality in Modern Society?
Does Increased Gender Equality Lead to a Convergence of Health Outcomes for Men and Women?
How Has Gender Equality Been Bridged in Sports in American Colleges and Universities?
Does the Climate-Smart Village Approach Influence Gender Equality in Farming Households?
How Does the Religion Help Maya to Fight for Gender Equality in Society in America?
Can Mobile Phones Improve Gender Equality and Nutrition?
Does the Media Hinder the Cause for Gender Equality?
How Does Gender Inequality Hinder Our Society From Progress?
What Social Problems Does Gender Inequality Cause?
Can Private Food Standards Promote Gender Equality in the Small Farm Sector?
What Factors Might Encourage Organizations to Adopt Gender Equality Initiatives?
Why Have Some Feminists Criticised the Idea of Gender Equality?
How Can Young People Fix Gender Equality Issues?
Will Sex Education at Schools Contribute to the Development of Gender Equality?
Does Society or a Person Define Gender?
Can Culturally Sanction Gender Roles Hurt Adolescents’ Mental Health?
Who or What Defines the Concepts of “Masculinity” and “Femininity” in Modern Society?
Should the Rules of Etiquette Be Changed Because They’ve Been Created in the Epoch of Total Patriarchy?
Are Gender Stereotypes Based on the Difference Between Men’s and Women’s Brains Justified?
Would Humanity Be More Developed Today if Gender Stereotypes Never Exited?
Can a Woman Be a Good Politician? Why or Why Not?
What Are the Main Arguments of Antifeminists? Are They Justified?
Would Our Society Be Better if More Women Were in Power?
How Do Gender Stereotypes in the Sports Industry Influence the Careers of Athletes?
Masculinity Topics
Workplace Discrimination Research Topics
Feminism Questions
Social Development Essay Topics
Freedom Topics
Human Rights Essay Ideas
Respect Essay Topics
Social Justice Essay Ideas
Chicago (A-D)
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IvyPanda. (2024, February 26). 82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gender-equality-essay-examples/

"82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 26 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gender-equality-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 26 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gender-equality-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gender-equality-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "82 Gender Equality Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/gender-equality-essay-examples/.

Gender Equality Essay

500+ words gender equality essay.

Every citizen has the right to live their life according to their wish without any discrimination. It can be achieved when all individuals are considered equal irrespective of caste, religion, language, colour, profession, status and sex. The most prominent discrimination that we observe is gender inequality. Even in many developed countries, we see several examples of gender bias, which need to be urgently addressed. Gender equality can only be achieved when both males and females are treated equally. With the help of this essay on Gender Equality, students will know what gender equality is and how it can be achieved in society. This essay will also provide an overview of the different types of problems women face due to gender discrimination.

Gender Equality

Gender equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for both women and men. It implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Worldwide, women’s fundamental rights continue to be violated, and they face discrimination in access to education, work, social protection, inheritance, economic assets, productive resources, and participation in decision-making and society. Women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid work than men, which is one of the main obstacles to economic and political empowerment.

Persistent differences and disparities between men and women have negative implications for society as a whole. Women represent half the resources and half the potential in any society. This potential remains unrealized when women are constrained by inequality and discrimination. Many gender disparities emerge in early childhood and intensify in adolescence. Girls are deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate. As they move into the age of adolescence, gender disparities widen. Child marriage affects girls far more than boys. Globally, nearly 15 million girls under age 18 are married every year. It’s difficult for them to access education. Girls still face barriers to entry into primary and secondary school. The lack of education provided limits access to skills and jobs in good organisations and at reputed posts.

How to Achieve Gender Equality in India?

Women’s and girls’ education is a vital component that helps in gender equality. By obtaining proper education, the door to many new opportunities will open up for women. They get skilled and can easily find employment. Employment will empower them and give them financial independence, alternative sources of social identity, and exposure to power structures independent of kin networks. It will give them the independence to make decisions of their own choice. The path of gender equality can be further reduced at work by reducing the gender pay, earnings and pension gaps.

Another crucial step towards gender equality is eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls in public and private spheres. Apart from it, it is essential to eliminate all harmful practices by society, such as early and forced marriage, the dowry system, etc. We should try to make our environment and surroundings more safe and healthy for women and girls.

Women should try to come into power through leadership roles in all sectors. This will increase the presence of women in different fields and motivate other women and girls. Power in the hands of women will ensure their full and effective participation at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. Women’s equal rights to economic resources also promote gender rquality. They get access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance, and natural resources through this right.

India ranks 112 in the Global Gender Gap index among 153 countries. Due to this, the Government has also taken various steps to promote Gender Equality. They launch various women empowerment schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme, One Stop Centre Scheme, Women Helpline Scheme, UJJAWALA, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, National Mission for Empowerment of Women etc.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Gender Equality Essay

What are the main indexes to measure gender inequality.

According to the World Health Organization, the Gender Inequality Index indicates disparities in three main aspects as given below: 1. Reproductive health: The health dimension is measured by the maternal mortality ratio and the adolescent fertility rate.

2. Empowerment: The empowerment dimension is measured by the share of parliamentary seats held by each gender, and by secondary and higher education attainment levels.

3. Labour market: The labour dimension is measured by women’s participation in the workforce.

How can we improve gender equality?

1. Educate girls: The government should take steps to ensure that girls get equal opportunities in the education system. This can be done by giving scholarships, sensitising parents, ensuring amenities like toilets, etc.

2. Allow women to have equal economic rights: Women should be given equal pay for equal work in the employment sector.

3. Avoid violence and sexual harassment against women: Laws should be enacted and strictly enforced to prevent violence and sexual harassment against women

4. Spread awareness about child marriage: Social evils like child marriage can be eradicated from society by raising awareness about their ill effects on the social, physical and emotional well-being of girls.

How to help children understand this issue?

Awareness programmes and campaigns can be organised to sensitise society about the negative effects of gender inequality. After all, no society can progress by ignoring the rights of half of its population, which is made up of women. Governments should ensure that boys and girls are treated equally in schools. Students must be taught how to mutually respect each other.

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Essay on Gender Equality And Sustainable Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Gender Equality And Sustainable Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Gender Equality And Sustainable Development

Understanding gender equality.

Gender equality means that men and women have the same opportunities in life, including work, education, and making choices. It’s like having an equal slice of cake for everyone, no matter if they are a boy or a girl.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is about meeting our needs without harming the future. It’s like using a pencil wisely so it lasts longer. We want to create a world where nature, our homes, and businesses can keep going strong for a very long time.

Why They Go Together

When men and women are equal, they can both help in making the world sustainable. For example, if women are educated and can work, they can bring new ideas for saving the environment and making smart choices for our planet’s future.

Equality Helps Growth

Countries with gender equality are often richer and safer. This is because when women can work and lead, they make money and decisions that help everyone. It’s like having more players in a team game, which can lead to better results.

Challenges and Actions

250 words essay on gender equality and sustainable development.

Gender equality means that men and women have the same rights, opportunities, and respect. It’s like making sure that everyone, no matter if they are a boy or a girl, gets to play on the playground with the same toys and games. When we treat everyone fairly, we help them grow and succeed in life.

Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable development is about taking care of our planet so that it can take care of us, now and in the future. It’s like keeping your room clean and in good shape so that it’s always a nice place to be. The United Nations made a list of goals, like a big to-do list, to help the world become a better place for everyone.

Why Gender Equality Matters

When we make sure that girls and boys, women and men are equal, we help the world in many ways. Girls can go to school, get good jobs, and make smart decisions just like boys. This helps families and countries earn more money and be healthier and smarter.

Gender Equality Helps Everyone

When women and men have equal chances, they can work together to solve big problems like climate change and poverty. It’s like having all hands on deck when you’re trying to finish a big project. Everyone’s ideas and hard work make a difference.

In conclusion, gender equality is a key part of making the world a better, healthier, and more successful place for all of us. When we make sure that everyone has the same opportunities, we are building a brighter future for our planet.

500 Words Essay on Gender Equality And Sustainable Development

What is sustainable development.

Sustainable development is about meeting our needs without stopping future generations from meeting their own. It’s like making sure we don’t eat all the cookies today, so there are some left for our friends tomorrow. It involves taking care of the environment, making sure people are healthy and can get good jobs, and that everyone is treated fairly.

The Link Between Gender Equality and Sustainable Development

When boys and girls, men and women are treated equally, it’s good for everyone. It’s like when a team has players who are good at different things – some are fast, some are strong, and some are great thinkers. If everyone gets to play, the team is stronger. In the same way, when men and women can both work and share ideas, our communities and countries become stronger.

Education for All

Health and safety.

Being healthy is important for everyone. When women have access to good health care, they can be stronger and help their families more. Also, when women are safe and not hurt by others, they can do more in their communities.

Jobs and Money

Jobs are important because they help people make money to buy what they need. If women have the same chances as men to get good jobs, they can earn money and help their families. More money for families can mean better food, houses, and schools.

Leadership and Decisions

Protecting our planet.

Taking care of our planet is important for sustainable development. When women learn about the environment, they can help make sure we use resources like water and trees in a way that doesn’t hurt the earth. This means our planet stays healthy for us and for the kids who will live here after us.

Gender equality and sustainable development go hand in hand. When we treat everyone fairly, we have a better chance of taking care of our people and our planet. By giving everyone – boys and girls, men and women – the same chances to learn, work, and lead, we make sure our world can be a good home for all of us, now and in the future.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Meetings & Events

The future of gender equality: a conversation….

19 September 2023

The Future of Gender Equality: A Conversation on Gender Balance and Women's Empowerment - SDG Media Zone at the 78th Session of the UN General Assembly

Lysa John, Secretary-General, CIVICUS

Trine Bramsen, Fmr. Minister of Defense (Denmark) and Danish MP

Marina Ponti, Director, UN SDG Action Campaign

Moderator: Janelle Dumalaon, US Correspondent, Deutsche Welle TV

SDG Media Zone website

Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Gender Equality — The Importance Of Gender Equality For Sustainable Future

The Importance of Gender Equality for Sustainable Future

Categories: Gender Equality Teenage Pregnancy Women's Rights

About this sample

Words: 1553 |

Published: Jan 28, 2021

Words: 1553 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Bibliography

“Gender Equality.” European Institute for Gender Equality, EIGE, 2015, eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1168. Accessed 6 Sept. 2019.
Darrah, Petrina. “Why Is Gender Equality Important? | GVI UK.” Gvi.Co.Uk, GVI, 11 June 2019, www.gvi.co.uk/blog/why-is-gender-equality-important/. Accessed 6 Sept. 2019.
“Facts and Figures: Economic Empowerment.” UN Women, 2019, www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures. Accessed 6 Sept. 2019.
Renaud_I. GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level. 2012.
“Teen Pregnancy Issues and Challenges - Asociación Americana Del Embarazo.” Asociación Americana Del Embarazo, 16 July 2019, americanpregnancy.org/unplanned-pregnancy/teen-pregnancy-issues-challenges/. Accessed 6 Sept. 2019.
Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres. “Estrategia Nacional Para La Prevención Del Embarazo En Adolescentes.” Gob.Mx, 2019, www.gob.mx/inmujeres/acciones-y-programas/estrategia-nacional-para-la-prevencion-del-embarazo-en-adolescentes-33454. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
https://www.facebook.com/unesco. “Priority Gender Equality.” UNESCO, 25 June 2019, en.unesco.org/genderequality. Accessed 7 Sept. 2019.
“Mexican Political System.” Sre.Gob.Mx, 2014, globalmx.sre.gob.mx/index.php/en/democracy-and-rule-of-law/mexican-political-system. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Goal 5: Gender Equality - SDG Tracker.” Our World in Data, 2013, sdg-tracker.org/gender-equality. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
Sistema, del. “Incidencia Delictiva.” Gob.Mx, 2019, www.gob.mx/sesnsp/acciones-y-programas/incidencia-delictiva-87005. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Infographic: Women in Politics in Latin America | AS/COA.” AS/COA, 2018, www.as-coa.org/articles/infographic-women-politics-latin-america. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Facts and Figures: Leadership and Political Participation.” UN Women, 2019, www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation/facts-and-figures. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Wib 2019 Report.” Grant Thornton International Ltd. Home, 2019, www.grantthornton.global/en/insights/women-in-business-2019/women-in-business-report-2019/. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“ Labor Force Participation Rate, Female (% of Female Population Ages 15+) (Modeled ILO Estimate) | Data.” Worldbank.Org, 2019, data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=MX&view=chart. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Building an Inclusive Mexico - Policies and Good Governance for Gender Equality - En - OECD.” Oecd.Org, 2017, www.oecd.org/mexico/building-an-inclusive-mexico-9789264265493-en.htm. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.
“Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture. Third Edition.” Ilo.Org, 30 Apr. 2018, www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_626831/lang--en/index.htm, Print: 9789221315803,Web PDF: 9789221315810. Accessed 8 Sept. 2019.

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How to write a powerful gender equality essay in 2020.

Raise the question of whether men and women have the same rights, and you’ll have evoked many to speak. That is why there are so many writings on gender equality. Every side is trying to champion for its rights, survival for the fittest it is.

However, what will make your gender equality essay outstanding from the millions of articles available on the internet and in print? That is the hidden secret we are going to dissect bit by bit in this article. So, please keep your eyes peeled because it is a secret, and not many people are entitled to a secret.

Defining Gender Equality

Before proceeding any further, let us first have an understanding of this term and how it is relevant to society today.

Since time immemorial, society has embraced male chauvinism. Equality between men and women has been seen as an almost impossible thing. It is like asking President Donald Trump to quit twitter.

All the best things in life are considered to be for men — talk of education, innovations, white-collar jobs, and even the latest car models. The place of women over the years has been in the kitchen and childbearing.

However, with the championing of gender equality, both men and women are seen as having the same roles and responsibilities in society. Women can now own Companies, drive Porsche vehicles, and even lead countries as presidents.

Let’s get back to our gender equality essay now. When writing an essay on whether man and woman should have equal rights, there are vital considerations that you will have to incorporate.

We will look at them based on the structure of a typical essay.

To start us off, we’ll look at all you need to know about the topic of an essay on gender discrimination.

All you Need to Know About Gender Inequality

The subject of gender inequality is an ocean of ideas. The topic you choose should, therefore, be one that comprehensively deals with one aspect.

It has to be impressive enough and provoke the reader to delve deep into the body to satisfy the curiosity created.

Here are sample gender topics to write about for your gender equality essay:

How is gender equality in Western countries compared to Africa?
What is the history of gender equality?
Should men and women have equal rights?
How are women discriminated against in society?
What is the role of UN agencies in gender equality?

The next part is the introduction of a gender issues essay.

Writing the Introduction

The format for an essay introduction remains; the topic sentence, outlining sentences, and the thesis statement. In the gender inequality thesis statement, ensure that you give the main idea of your essay.

As a writer, you should be able to articulate whether your introduction is worth someone’s time or not. Having a captivating introduction for your gender equality essay will act as bait to have the reader’s attention.

For instance, you are talking about equality in education; you can have the following introduction:

Gender discrimination has deprived women of their right to education. Instead of women attending school, they are left at home to fend for the babies and perform house chores. However, both men and women should be given equal access rights to education without undermining the other.”

One can be able to see that the writer is going to champion equality in education, especially on the part of women. Such is how you can structure your introduction paragraph of gender equality related essay.

But here’s the catch.

It is where the writer gets to argue out his or her thesis statement in paragraphs. The pieces of evidence are given in the body to affirm the writer’s point of view. It uses supporting evidence such as facts, statistics, real-life examples, and analysis.

Such a topic as gender equality is broad, and thus the body might be longer. However, you should use the three-body paragraph structure to make your essay succinct and enticing. Remember that too much is boring and short is sweet.

To write the body swiftly, ensure that you brainstorm and have your points well outlined first. It will save you the agony of having to scratch your head for nothing. You might end up pulling your hair for goodness sake.

And if that’s not enough, here’s one more crucial part.

Concluding your Gender Equality Essay

Essays on gender equality also have the same structure for the conclusion. It gives a summary of the arguments made in the body using one sentence or two. On top of providing an abstract of the discussion, it also restates the thesis statement.

Bonus: Free Tips to Guide Your Gender Essay Writing

Consult a variety of sources on sensitive issues.
Avoid statements that may provoke one side.
Maintain objectivity at all times.
Ensure that you extensively cover every argument in the body
Have a structure before you start writing your essay.
Proof-read your work before submission.

And with that, good luck with writing your gender equality essay. Do not leave anything to chance, from the topic, introduction, body, to the conclusion. Every section counts!

Was this article helpful? Then why don’t you try our expert writing masters with any of your essay assignment today? You won’t regret it one single bit.

The world has a gender equality problem, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) mirrors the gender bias in our society.

Although globally more women are accessing the internet every year , in low-income countries, only 20 per cent are connected . The gender digital divide creates a data gap that is reflected in the gender bias in AI.

Who creates AI and what biases are built into AI data (or not), can perpetuate, widen, or reduce gender equality gaps.

Young women participants work together on a laptop at during an African Girls Can Code Initiative's coding bootcamp held at the GIZ Digital Transformation Center in Kigali, Rwanda in April 2024

A study by the Berkeley Haas Center for Equity, Gender and Leadership analysed 133 AI systems across different industries and found that about 44 per cent of them showed gender bias , and 25 per cent exhibited both gender and racial bias.

Beyza Doğuç, an artist from Ankara, Turkey, encountered gender bias in Generative AI when she was researching for a novel and prompted it to write a story about a doctor and a nurse. Generative AI creates new content (text, images, video, etc.) inspired by similar content and data that it was trained on, often in response to questions or prompts by a user.

The AI made the doctor male and the nurse female. Doğuç continued to give it more prompts, and the AI always chose gender stereotypical roles for the characters and associated certain qualities and skills with male or female characters. When she asked the AI about the gender bias it exhibited, the AI explained it was because of the data it had been trained on and specifically, “word embedding” – which means the way certain words are encoded in machine learning to reflect their meaning and association with other words – it’s how machines learn and work with human language. If the AI is trained on data that associates women and men with different and specific skills or interests, it will generate content reflecting that bias.

“Artificial intelligence mirrors the biases that are present in our society and that manifest in AI training data,” said Doğuç, in a recent interview with UN Women.

Who develops AI, and what kind of data it is trained on, has gender implications for AI-powered solutions.

Sola Mahfouz, a quantum computing researcher at Tufts University, is excited about AI, but also concerned. “Is it equitable? How much does it mirror our society’s patriarchal structures and inherent biases from its predominantly male creators,” she reflected.

Mahfouz was born in Afghanistan, where she was forced to leave school when the Taliban came to her home and threatened her family. She eventually escaped Afghanistan and immigrated to the U.S. in 2016 to attend college.

As companies are scrambling for more data to feed AI systems, researchers from Epoch claim that tech companies could run out of high-quality data used by AI by 2026 .

Natacha Sangwa is a student from Rwanda who participated in the first coding camp organized under the African Girls Can Code Initiative last year. “I have noticed that [AI] is mostly developed by men and trained on datasets that are primarily based on men,” said Sangwa, who saw first-hand how that impacts women’s experience with the technology. “When women use some AI-powered systems to diagnose illnesses, they often receive inaccurate answers, because the AI is not aware of symptoms that may present differently in women.”

If current trends continue, AI-powered technology and services will continue lacking diverse gender and racial perspectives, and that gap will result in lower quality of services, biased decisions about jobs, credit, health care and more.

Removing gender bias in AI starts with prioritizing gender equality as a goal, as AI systems are conceptualized and built. This includes assessing data for misrepresentation, providing data that is representative of diverse gender and racial experiences, and reshaping the teams developing AI to make them more diverse and inclusive.

According to the Global Gender Gap Report of 2023, there are only 30 per cent women currently working in AI .

“When technology is developed with just one perspective, it’s like looking at the world half-blind,” concurred Mahfouz. She is currently working on a project to create an AI-powered platform that would connect Afghan women with each other.

“More women researchers are needed in the field. The unique lived experiences of women can profoundly shape the theoretical foundations of technology. It can also open new applications of the technology,” she added.

“To prevent gender bias in AI, we must first address gender bias in our society,” said Doğuç from Turkey.

There is a critical need for drawing upon diverse fields of expertise when developing AI, including gender expertise, so that machine learning systems can serve us better and support the drive for a more equal and sustainable world.

In a rapidly advancing AI industry, the lack of gender perspectives, data, and decision-making can perpetuate profound inequality for years to come.

The AI field needs more women, and that requires enabling and increasing girls’ and women’s access to and leadership in STEM and ICT education and careers.

The World Economic Forum reported in 2023 that women accounted for just 29 per cent of all science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) workers. Although more women are graduating and entering STEM jobs today than ever before, they are concentrated in entry level jobs and less likely to hold leadership positions.

Detail from the mural painting "Titans" by Lumen Martin Winter as installed on the third floor of the UN General Assembly Building in New York

International cooperation on digital technology has focused on technical and infrastructural issues and the digital economy, often at the expense of how technological developments were affecting society and generating disruption across all its layers – especially for the most vulnerable and historically excluded. There is a global governance deficit in addressing the challenges and risks of AI and harnessing its potential to leave no one behind.

“Right now, there is no mechanism to constrain developers from releasing AI systems before they are ready and safe. There’s a need for a global multistakeholder governance model that prevents and redresses when AI systems exhibit gender or racial bias, reinforce harmful stereotypes, or does not meet privacy and security standards,” said Helene Molinier, UN Women’s Advisor on Digital Gender Equality Cooperation in a recent interview with Devex.

In the current AI architecture, benefits and risks are not equitably distributed, with power concentrated in the hands of a few corporations, States and individuals, who control talent, data and computer resources. There is also no mechanism to look at broader considerations, like new forms of social vulnerability generated by AI, the disruption of industries and labour markets, the propensity for emerging technology to be used as a tool of oppression, the sustainability of the AI supply chain, or the impact of AI on future generations.

In 2024, the negotiation of the Global Digital Compact (GDC) offers a unique opportunity to build political momentum and place gender perspectives on digital technology at the core of a new digital governance framework. Without it, we face the risk of overlaying AI onto existing gender gaps, causing gender-based discrimination and harm to be left unchanged – and even amplified and perpetuated by AI systems.

UN Women position paper on the GDC provide concrete recommendations to harness the speed, scale, and scope of digital transformation for the empowerment of women and girls in all their diversity, and to trigger transformations that set countries on paths to an equitable digital future for all.

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Gender equality: Why is it still up for debate?

By Federica Dall’Arche | June 18, 2024

World leaders standing in a row at the 2024 G7 meeting in italy

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Last week, reports emerged that the G7 leaders meeting in Italy were grappling with issues related to gender parity, including the recognition of abortion as a fundamental right. Unlike last year, when there was a clear and direct reference to “safe and legal abortion and post abortion care,” this year’s final statement did not include the word “abortion” and simply reiterated a general commitment to universal healthcare access for women, “including sexual and reproductive health and rights for all.”

This sad backtracking on women’s rights and gender issues is not unprecedented. Over the past few years, major multilateral fora, including those focused on nuclear issues, have seen unnecessarily protracted negotiations over the inclusion of gender-equality language in documents and resolutions.

For instance, during the 2023 Preparatory Committee of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, countries spent hours debating the opportunity to insert paragraphs on gender balance, with some contending that encouraging the meaningful participation of women and minorities in negotiations was distracting and not pertinent to the discussion. A number of studies have already refuted this argument , demonstrating that the inclusion of women and minorities in negotiating processes brings more durable and effective results.

Similarly, during the International Atomic Energy Agency’s last General Conference in September 2023, Iran’s delegation held others hostage until 3:00 in the morning, refusing to adopt the resolutions being discussed unless all references to gender issues were removed. The situation became so absurd that, in desperation and exhaustion, the other delegations agreed to eliminate the references just to pass the resolutions, only to then take the floor and individually condemn this compromise as deplorable.

A similar scenario also played out recently at the International Conference on Nuclear Security 2024, where the same delegation opposed, this time unsuccessfully, the adoption of language relating to gender equality, language that had already been agreed to in the conference’s 2020 ministerial declaration .

Can nuclear negotiators still afford to waste time arguing over issues that are so fundamental that they should be undebatable and already considered set in stone? Is there really a need to approach topics like gender equality with “sensitivity,” fearing that any mention of female empowerment or gender diversity could be problematic? Shouldn’t negotiators already be at the point of discussing how to preserve and strengthen those few hard-won rights, with the aim of expanding them and making negotiation processes more inclusive for everyone’s benefit?

The mere fact that these issues remain contentious underscores a broader reluctance to fully embrace progressive values. This hesitation is not just a setback for minorities and women’s rights but for human rights overall. The broad, troubling pattern of regression in global commitments to gender equality is concerning and disheartening. The persistent reluctance to firmly endorse and promote gender parity and women and minorities’ rights undermines progress and casts a shadow over future diplomatic efforts. Equally dangerous is the willingness to accept blackmail and turn a blind eye to discrimination in order to pass a resolution.

And what to say when the leaders of the seven most powerful (and like-minded) nations are locked in negotiations over issues that should already be universally accepted? This sets a terrible, defeatist precedent.

The time for debating has passed. The international community must recognize that gender equality, in all its shapes and forms, is a non-negotiable issue and a fundamental right that should be unequivocally upheld. The world needs decisive actions and an unwavering commitment, not steps that take us back decades.

The international community must move beyond these regressive negotiations and recognize that gender equality is intrinsic to the health and progress of societies worldwide. It is high time for global leaders to demonstrate foresight, ensuring that issues of gender and women’s rights are integrated seamlessly into all facets of policy and diplomacy. This is not merely about women’s rights; it is about building a more just, equitable, and prosperous world for all.

Together, we make the world safer.

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Keywords: G7 , gender equality , women Topics: Nuclear Weapons , Opinion

Federica Dall’Arche

Federica Dall’Arche is a Senior Research Associate with the Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation (VCDNP) and a Policy Advisor to the... Read More

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Content Search

Review, translation and design of nine research papers.

Kvinna Till Kvinna

The program “Feminist Power in Action for Women’s Economic Rights” (FemPawer) aims to strengthen the capacities of young women who face multiple economic gender-based violence (E/GBV) discriminations in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Tunisia to become leaders for change. FemPawer is led by a consortium of 4 organizations and consists of a network of 39 Women's Rights Organizations (WROs), also referred to as Partner Organizations (POs), that are diverse and vary in size, experience, geographical location, and profile.

In Jordan, nine WROs conducted a research on eGBV. Kvinna till Kvinna and the Arab Women Organization (AWO) are seeking a consultancy team to review, translate, and compile these research studies into a single booklet.

About Kvinna till Kvinna and Arab Women Organization

The Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation has defended women’s rights since 1993 and is now a leading feminist organization. We work in war and conflict zones to empower women, collaborating with around 150 partner organizations in 20 countries to achieve gender equality, justice, and lasting peace. Our focus includes both conflict-affected and humanitarian contexts, supporting women's rights and peacebuilding with a long-term perspective. We aim to be a flexible and reliable partner, helping women’s rights organizations adapt to changing conflict and emergency situations.

AWO is a Jordanian local women’s rights organization dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Over its 50-year history, AWO has focused on advancing women’s leadership and solutions for political, social, and economic empowerment. It brings feminist analyses to national policy dialogues, builds partnerships, coordinates women's rights meetings, and forms coalitions around gender issues.

Objectives of this consultancy

Identify key research points and methodologies.
Summarize findings and arguments.
Write an introduction that provides context and outlines the key themes across all papers.
Write conclusions that synthesize the overall findings and suggest potential areas for future research.
Formulate observations and insights based on the reviewed papers.
Translate all reports and summaries from Arabic to English (approximately 85,000 words)
Design the nine research papers (both English and Arabic) into one cohesive booklet.

Intended Users

The intended users are decision makers targeted in advocacy against eGBV (government officials, private sector, international community).

To be discussed with the selected consultancy team.

Deliverables

Nine research papers in Arabic, reviewed and consolidated, each with a summary and an introduction covering all nine papers.
Translated document of the above from Arabic to English.
Designed booklet, in both English and Arabic.

A detailed budget suggested by the consultant in EUR should be shared along with examples of previous work. (The monetary amount suggested by the external consultant is “All tax included”). We do not cover any tax.

Qualifications

The consultant (s) should meet the desired criteria:

Advanced degree in Gender Studies, Social Sciences, Law, Public Policy, or a related field.
Proven experience in conducting and reviewing research on gender-based violence, women's rights, or related fields.
Demonstrated experience in translating academic or technical documents from Arabic to English and vice versa.
Previous experience in designing and consolidating research documents or reports, preferably in the field of human rights or gender studies.
Strong analytical and critical thinking skills to synthesize findings and provide insights.
Excellent written and verbal communication skills in both Arabic and English.
Proficiency in document design and layout software.
In-depth understanding of economic gender-based violence and its impacts.
Familiarity with the socio-economic and cultural context of Jordan.
Ability to handle tight deadlines in a professional manner.
Great communication skills.
Organized and timely.
Creative in overcoming barriers and ability to coordinate with multiple entities.

How to apply

The consultant(s) is invited to submit a file to [email protected] with the following title in the email subject « Review, translation and design of nine research papers».

If a consultant is not part of a team but has experience in one specific aspect of the deliverables—(1) review and analysis, (2) translation, or (3) design—you are also invited to submit your offer. Please mention which area you wish to be considered for. If we do not find a suitable team, individual consultants will be considered.

Submission deadline: July 07, 2024, at 23:55 pm GMT+3

Applicant(s) Location : Flexible/Remote

*Provision of References

Applicants are required to provide contact information for three professional work references.
This information should include the names of the references, their positions, their places of work, and contact details (such as email and telephone number).
These references may be contacted to evaluate the professional competencies and past experiences of the applicant, with the aim of ensuring the selection of the most suitable candidates for the program’s requirements and goals. We will only contact the reference if you are shortlisted and we informed you that we will contact the references.

**Disclosure of previous work with consortium partners

Applicants must clearly disclose any previous collaboration or work undertaken with any of the consortium partners involved in this program.
Details of such collaboration should include the name of the partner, the nature of the work performed, and the period of collaboration.
In cases where previous collaboration exists, the relevant partner may be contacted to obtain an assessment and feedback on the applicant's performance and competence.

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The Twelve Tables: Cornerstone of Roman Legal Tradition

This essay is about the Twelve Tables, an essential milestone in Roman legal history created around 450 BCE. It explains how these laws were developed to address social tensions between the patricians and plebeians, resulting in a transparent and systematic legal code accessible to all citizens. The Twelve Tables covered a wide range of legal matters, including civil law, property rights, inheritance, contracts, and criminal offenses. They emphasized procedural fairness and helped mitigate the influence of social status on legal outcomes. The essay highlights the impact of the Twelve Tables on Roman culture, their role in shaping future legal systems, and their lasting legacy in modern legal practices.

How it works

One of the most important developments in the early development of Roman law is the Twelve Tables.

These rules, which were drafted in 450 BCE, established the basis for Roman law and had an impact on later legal systems in the West as well as the Roman Republic. The Twelve Tables offered a clear and organized approach to justice since they were more than just a compilation of regulations; they also served as a codification of accepted practices and legal precepts.

The social conflicts that existed in ancient Rome between the plebeians, or ordinary people, and the patricians, or aristocratic class, are the source of the Twelve Tables. Prior to the enactment of these rules, the patrician class dominated the legal system, which frequently resulted in unfair and biased rulings. In an effort to establish justice and equality, the plebeians called for a written code of law that would be available to the general public and apply to every citizen equally. A special committee including ten men, referred to as the decemviri, was tasked with drafting the laws in answer to this demand.

The Twelve Tables that emerged were an incredible accomplishment, covering a broad spectrum of legal topics from criminal offenses and procedural regulations to family law and property rights. To ensure that every person was aware of the laws controlling their society, the laws were written on twelve bronze tablets and put on display for everyone to view in the Roman Forum. This openness to the public was a big advancement toward a more equitable justice system.

The Twelve Tables’ emphasis on procedural fairness was one of their main characteristics. In order to guarantee that all parties had the chance to submit their claims and that decisions were grounded in recognized legal principles rather than subjective opinion, the laws established precise procedures for handling legal disputes. By reducing the impact of socioeconomic status on court decisions, this procedural openness contributed to the advancement of equality and justice.

The Twelve Tables also addressed various aspects of civil law, including property rights, inheritance, and contracts. For instance, they established clear guidelines for the transfer of property and the resolution of disputes over ownership. Inheritance laws were also detailed, specifying the rights of heirs and the distribution of an individual’s estate upon their death. These regulations helped to create a more predictable and stable legal environment, fostering economic growth and social stability.

In addition to civil law, the Twelve Tables included provisions for criminal offenses and their corresponding punishments. The laws were often harsh by modern standards, reflecting the stringent approach to justice prevalent in ancient Rome. Punishments ranged from fines and corporal punishment to more severe penalties such as death or exile. Despite their severity, these laws established a clear and consistent framework for addressing criminal behavior, contributing to the maintenance of public order.

The impact of the Twelve Tables extended far beyond their immediate legal context. They played a crucial role in shaping Roman culture and identity, embedding the principles of justice, fairness, and the rule of law into the fabric of Roman society. The influence of the Twelve Tables persisted throughout the history of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, serving as a reference point for later legal developments.

Moreover, the legacy of the Twelve Tables can be seen in modern legal systems, particularly those of Western countries. The principles enshrined in these ancient laws, such as the importance of procedural fairness, the protection of property rights, and the need for publicly accessible legal codes, continue to underpin contemporary legal practices. The Twelve Tables laid the groundwork for the development of Roman law, which in turn influenced the legal traditions of many modern nations.

In conclusion, the Twelve Tables represent a foundational moment in the history of Roman law, embodying the principles of justice, transparency, and equality. Their creation marked a significant shift towards a more equitable legal system, addressing the demands of the plebeian class and setting a precedent for future legal developments. The legacy of the Twelve Tables endures to this day, reflecting their enduring importance and influence on the evolution of legal thought and practice.

Cite this page

The Twelve Tables: Cornerstone of Roman Legal Tradition. (2024, Jun 28). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/the-twelve-tables-cornerstone-of-roman-legal-tradition/

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Fall 2024 Semester

Undergraduate courses.

Composition courses that offer many sections (ENGL 101, 201, 277 and 379) are not listed on this schedule unless they are tailored to specific thematic content or particularly appropriate for specific programs and majors.

100-200 level

ENGL 151.S01: Introduction to English Studies

Tuesday and Thursday, 11 a.m.-12:15 p.m.

Sharon Smith

ENGL 151 serves as an introduction to both the English major and the discipline of English studies. In this class, you will develop the thinking, reading, writing and research practices that define both the major and the discipline. Much of the semester will be devoted to honing your literary analysis skills, and we will study and discuss texts from several different genres—poetry, short fiction, the novel, drama and film—as well as some literary criticism. As we do so, we will explore the language of the discipline, and you will learn a variety of key literary terms and concepts. In addition, you will develop your skills as both a writer and researcher within the discipline of English.

ENGL 201.ST1 Composition II: The Mind/Body Connection

In this section of English 201, students will use research and writing to learn more about problems that are important to them and articulate ways to address those problems. The course will focus specifically on issues related to the mind, the body and the relationship between them. The topics we will discuss during the course will include the correlation between social media and body image; the efficacy of sex education programs; the degree to which beliefs about race and gender influence school dress codes; and the unique mental and physical challenges faced by college students today. In this course, you will be learning about different approaches to argumentation, analyzing the arguments of others and constructing your own arguments. At the same time, you will be honing your skills as a researcher and developing your abilities as a persuasive and effective writer.

ENGL 201.S10 Composition II: Environmental Writing

Monday/Wednesday/Friday 1-1:50 p.m.

Gwen Horsley

English 201 will help students develop the ability to think critically and analytically and to write effectively for other university courses and careers. This course will provide opportunities to develop analytical skills that will help students become critical readers and effective writers. Specifically, in this class, students will:

Focus on the relationships between world environments, land, animals and humankind.
Read various essays by environmental, conservational and regional authors.
Produce student writings.

Students will improve their writing skills by reading essays and applying techniques they witness in others’ work and those learned in class. This class is also a course in logical and creative thought. Students will write about humankind’s place in the world and our influence on the land and animals, places that hold special meaning to them or have influenced their lives and stories of their own families and their places and passions in the world. Students will practice writing in an informed and persuasive manner, in language that engages and enlivens readers by using vivid verbs and avoiding unnecessary passives, nominalizations and expletive constructions.

Students will prepare writing assignments based on readings and discussions of essays included in "Literature and the Environment " and other sources. They may use "The St. Martin’s Handbook," as well as other sources, to review grammar, punctuation, mechanics and usage as needed.

ENGL 201.13 Composition II: Writing the Environment

Tuesday and Thursday 9:30-10:45 a.m.

Paul Baggett

For generations, environmentalists have relied on the power of prose to change the minds and habits of their contemporaries. In the wake of fires, floods, storms and droughts, environmental writing has gained a new sense of urgency, with authors joining activists in their efforts to educate the public about the grim realities of climate change. But do they make a difference? Have reports of present and future disasters so saturated our airwaves that we no longer hear them? How do writers make us care about the planet amidst all the noise? In this course, students will examine the various rhetorical strategies employed by some of today’s leading environmental writers and filmmakers. And while analyzing their different arguments, students also will strengthen their own strategies of argumentation as they research and develop essays that explore a range of environmental concerns.

ENGL 201 Composition II: Food Writing

S17 Tuesday and Thursday 12:30-1:45 p.m.

S18 Tuesday and Thursday 2-3:15 p.m.

Jodi Andrews

In this composition class, students will critically analyze essays about food, food systems and environments, food cultures, the intersections of personal choice, market forces and policy and the values underneath these forces. Students will learn to better read like writers, noting authors’ purpose, audience organizational moves, sentence-level punctuation and diction. We will read a variety of essays including research-intensive arguments and personal narratives which intersect with one of our most primal needs as humans: food consumption. Students will rhetorically analyze texts, conduct advanced research, reflect on the writing process and write essays utilizing intentional rhetorical strategies. Through doing this work, students will practice the writing moves valued in every discipline: argument, evidence, concision, engaging prose and the essential research skills for the 21st century.

ENGL 221.S01 British Literature I

Michael S. Nagy

English 221 is a survey of early British literature from its inception in the Old English period with works such as "Beowulf" and the “Battle of Maldon,” through the Middle Ages and the incomparable writings of Geoffrey Chaucer and the Gawain - poet, to the Renaissance and beyond. Students will explore the historical and cultural contexts in which all assigned reading materials were written, and they will bring that information to bear on class discussion. Likely themes that this class will cover include heroism, humor, honor, religion, heresy and moral relativity. Students will write one research paper in this class and sit for two formal exams: a midterm covering everything up to that point in the semester, and a comprehensive final. Probable texts include the following:

The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Middle Ages. Ed. Alfred David, M. H. Abrams, and Stephen Greenblatt. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Sixteenth Century and Early Seventeenth Century. Ed. George M. Logan, Stephen Greenblatt, Barbara K Lewalski, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Ed. George M. Logan, Stephen Greenblatt, Barbara K Lewalski, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
Gibaldi, Joseph. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003.
Any Standard College Dictionary.

ENGL 240.S01 Juvenile Literature Elementary-5th Grade

Monday, Wednesday and Friday noon-12:50 p.m.

April Myrick

A survey of the history of literature written for children and adolescents, and a consideration of the various types of juvenile literature. Text selection will focus on the themes of imagination and breaking boundaries.

ENGL 240.ST1 Juvenile Literature Elementary-5th Grade

Randi Anderson

In English 240 students will develop the skills to interpret and evaluate various genres of literature for juvenile readers. This particular section will focus on various works of literature at approximately the K-5 grade level. We will read a large range of works that fall into this category, as well as information on the history, development and genre of juvenile literature.

Readings for this course include classical works such as "Hatchet," "Little Women", "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" and "Brown Girl Dreaming," as well as newer works like "Storm in the Barn," "Anne Frank’s Diary: A Graphic Adaptation," "Lumberjanes," and a variety of picture books. These readings will be paired with chapters from "Reading Children’s Literature: A Critical Introduction " to help develop understanding of various genres, themes and concepts that are both related to juvenile literature and also present in our readings.

In addition to exposing students to various genres of writing (poetry, historical fiction, non-fiction, fantasy, picture books, graphic novels, etc.) this course will also allow students to engage in a discussion of larger themes present in these works such as censorship, race and gender. Students’ understanding of these works and concepts will be developed through readings, research, discussion posts, exams and writing assignments designed to get students to practice analyzing poetry, picture books, informational books and transitional/easy readers.

ENGL 241.S01: American Literature I

Tuesday and Thursday 12:30-1:45 p.m.

This course provides a broad, historical survey of American literature from the early colonial period to the Civil War. Ranging across historical periods and literary genres—including early accounts of contact and discovery, narratives of captivity and slavery, poetry of revolution, essays on gender equality and stories of industrial exploitation—this class examines how subjects such as colonialism, nationhood, religion, slavery, westward expansion, race, gender and democracy continue to influence how Americans see themselves and their society.

Required Texts

The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Package 1, Volumes A and B Beginnings to 1865, Ninth Edition. (ISBN 978-0-393-26454-8)

ENGL 283.S01 Introduction to Creative Writing

Steven Wingate

Students will explore the various forms of creative writing (fiction, nonfiction and poetry) not one at a time in a survey format—as if there were decisive walls of separation between then—but as intensely related genres that share much of their creative DNA. Through close reading and work on personal texts, students will address the decisions that writers in any genre must face on voice, rhetorical position, relationship to audience, etc. Students will produce and revise portfolios of original creative work developed from prompts and research. This course fulfills the same SGR #2 requirements ENGL 201; note that the course will involve a research project. Successful completion of ENGL 101 (including by test or dual credit) is a prerequisite.

ENGL 283.S02 Introduction to Creative Writing

Jodilyn Andrews

This course introduces students to the craft of writing, with readings and practice in at least two genres (including fiction, poetry and drama).

ENGL 283.ST1 Introduction to Creative Writing

Amber Jensen, M.A., M.F.A.

This course explores creative writing as a way of encountering the world, research as a component of the creative writing process, elements of craft and their rhetorical effect and drafting, workshop and revision as integral parts of writing polished literary creative work. Student writers will engage in the research practices that inform the writing of literature and in the composing strategies and writing process writers use to create literary texts. Through their reading and writing of fiction, poetry and creative nonfiction, students will learn about craft elements, find examples of those craft elements in published works and apply these elements in their own creative work, developed through weekly writing activities, small group and large group workshop and conferences with the instructor. Work will be submitted, along with a learning reflection and revision plan in each genre and will then be revised and submitted as a final portfolio at the end of the semester to demonstrate continued growth in the creation of polished literary writing.

300-400 level

ENGL 424.S01 Language Arts Methods grades 7-12

Tuesday 6-8:50 p.m.

Danielle Harms

Techniques, materials and resources for teaching English language and literature to middle and secondary school students. Required of students in the English education option.

AIS/ENGL 447.S01: American Indian Literature of the Present

Thursdays 3-6 p.m.

This course introduces students to contemporary works by authors from various Indigenous nations. Students examine these works to enhance their historical understanding of Indigenous peoples, discover the variety of literary forms used by those who identify as Indigenous writers, and consider the cultural and political significance of these varieties of expression. Topics and questions to be explored include:

Genre: What makes Indigenous literature indigenous?
Political and Cultural Sovereignty: Why have an emphasis on tribal specificity and calls for “literary separatism” emerged in recent decades, and what are some of the critical conversations surrounding such particularized perspectives?
Gender and Sexuality: What are the intersecting concerns of Indigenous Studies and Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies, and how might these research fields inform one another?
Trans-Indigeneity: What might we learn by comparing works across different Indigenous traditions, and what challenges do such comparisons present?
Aesthetics: How do Indigenous writers understand the dynamics between tradition and creativity?
Visual Forms: What questions or concerns do visual representations (television and film) by or about Indigenous peoples present?

Possible Texts

Akiwenzie-Damm, Kateri and Josie Douglas (eds), Skins: Contemporary Indigenous Writing. IAD Press, 2000. (978-1864650327)
Erdrich, Louise, The Sentence. Harper, 2021 (978-0062671127)
Harjo, Joy, Poet Warrior: A Memoir. Norton, 2021 (978-0393248524)
Harjo, Sterlin and Taika Waititi, Reservation Dogs (selected episodes)
Talty, Morgan. Night of the Living Rez, 2022, Tin House (978-1953534187)
Wall Kimmerer, Robin. Braiding Sweet Grass, Milkweed Editions (978-1571313560)
Wilson, Diane. The Seed Keeper: A Novel. Milkweed Editions (978-1571311375)
Critical essays by Alexie, Allen, Cohen, Cox, King, Kroeber, Ortiz, Piatote, Ross and Sexton, Smith, Taylor, Teuton, Treuer, Vizenor, and Womack.

ENGL 472.S01: Film Criticism

Tuesdays 2-4:50 p.m.

Jason McEntee

Do you have an appreciation for, and enjoy watching, movies? Do you want to study movies in a genre-oriented format (such as those we typically call the Western, the screwball comedy, the science fiction or the crime/gangster, to name a few)? Do you want to explore the different critical approaches for talking and writing about movies (such as auteur, feminist, genre or reception)?

In this class, you will examine movies through viewing and defining different genres while, at the same time, studying and utilizing different styles of film criticism. You will share your discoveries in both class discussions and short writings. The final project will be a formal written piece of film criticism based on our work throughout the semester. The course satisfies requirements and electives for all English majors and minors, including both the Film Studies and Professional Writing minors. (Note: Viewing of movies outside of class required and may require rental and/or streaming service fees.)

ENGL 476.ST1: Fiction

In this workshop-based creative writing course, students will develop original fiction based on strong attention to the fundamentals of literary storytelling: full-bodied characters, robust story lines, palpable environments and unique voices. We will pay particular attention to process awareness, to the integrity of the sentence, and to authors' commitments to their characters and the places in which their stories unfold. Some workshop experience is helpful, as student peer critique will be an important element of the class.

ENGL 479.01 Capstone: The Gothic

Wednesday 3-5:50 p.m.

With the publication of Horace Walpole’s "The Castle of Otranto " in 1764, the Gothic officially came into being. Dark tales of physical violence and psychological terror, the Gothic incorporates elements such as distressed heroes and heroines pursued by tyrannical villains; gloomy estates with dark corridors, secret passageways and mysterious chambers; haunting dreams, troubling prophecies and disturbing premonitions; abduction, imprisonment and murder; and a varied assortment of corpses, apparitions and “monsters.” In this course, we will trace the development of Gothic literature—and some film—from the eighteenth-century to the present time. As we do so, we will consider how the Gothic engages philosophical beliefs about the beautiful and sublime; shapes psychological understandings of human beings’ encounters with horror, terror, the fantastic and the uncanny; and intervenes in the social and historical contexts in which it was written. We’ll consider, for example, how the Gothic undermines ideals related to domesticity and marriage through representations of domestic abuse, toxicity and gaslighting. In addition, we’ll discuss Gothic texts that center the injustices of slavery and racism. As many Gothic texts suggest, the true horrors of human existence often have less to do with inexplicable supernatural phenomena than with the realities of the world in which we live.

ENGL 485.S01: Undergraduate Writing Center Learning Assistants

Flexible Scheduling

Nathan Serfling

Since their beginnings in the 1920s and 30s, writing centers have come to serve numerous functions: as hubs for writing across the curriculum initiatives, sites to develop and deliver workshops and resource centers for faculty as well as students, among other functions. But the primary function of writing centers has necessarily and rightfully remained the tutoring of student writers. This course will immerse you in that function in two parts. During the first four weeks, you will explore writing center praxis—that is, the dialogic interplay of theory and practice related to writing center work. This part of the course will orient you to writing center history, key theoretical tenets and practical aspects of writing center tutoring. Once we have developed and practiced this foundation, you will begin work in the writing center as a tutor, responsible for assisting a wide variety of student clients with numerous writing tasks. Through this work, you will learn to actively engage with student clients in the revision of a text, respond to different student needs and abilities, work with a variety of writing tasks and rhetorical situations, and develop a richer sense of writing as a complex and negotiated social process.

Graduate Courses

Engl 572.s01: film criticism, engl 576.st1 fiction.

In this workshop-based creative writing course, students will develop original fiction based on strong attention to the fundamentals of literary storytelling: full-bodied characters, robust story lines, palpable environments and unique voices. We will pay particular attention to process awareness, to the integrity of the sentence and to authors' commitments to their characters and the places in which their stories unfold. Some workshop experience is helpful, as student peer critique will be an important element of the class.

ENGL 605.S01 Seminar in Teaching Composition

Thursdays 1-3:50 p.m.

This course will provide you with a foundation in the pedagogies and theories (and their attendant histories) of writing instruction, a foundation that will prepare you to teach your own writing courses at SDSU and elsewhere. As you will discover through our course, though, writing instruction does not come with any prescribed set of “best” practices. Rather, writing pedagogies stem from and continue to evolve because of various and largely unsettled conversations about what constitutes effective writing and effective writing instruction. Part of becoming a practicing writing instructor, then, is studying these conversations to develop a sense of what “good writing” and “effective writing instruction” might mean for you in our particular program and how you might adapt that understanding to different programs and contexts.

As we read about, discuss and research writing instruction, we will address a variety of practical and theoretical topics. The practical focus will allow us to attend to topics relevant to your immediate classroom practices: designing a curriculum and various types of assignments, delivering the course content and assessing student work, among others. Our theoretical topics will begin to reveal the underpinnings of these various practical matters, including their historical, rhetorical, social and political contexts. In other words, we will investigate the praxis—the dialogic interaction of practice and theory—of writing pedagogy. As a result, this course aims to prepare you not only as a writing teacher but also as a nascent writing studies/writing pedagogy scholar.

At the end of this course, you should be able to engage effectively in the classroom practices described above and participate in academic conversations about writing pedagogy, both orally and in writing. Assessment of these outcomes will be based primarily on the various writing assignments you submit and to a smaller degree on your participation in class discussions and activities.

ENGL 726.S01: The New Woman, 1880–1900s

Thursdays 3–5:50 p.m.

Katherine Malone

This course explores the rise of the New Woman at the end of the nineteenth century. The label New Woman referred to independent women who rebelled against social conventions. Often depicted riding bicycles, smoking cigarettes and wearing masculine clothing, these early feminists challenged gender roles and sought broader opportunities for women’s employment and self-determination. We will read provocative fiction and nonfiction by New Women writers and their critics, including authors such as Sarah Grand, Mona Caird, George Egerton, Amy Levy, Ella Hepworth Dixon, Grant Allen and George Gissing. We will analyze these exciting texts through a range of critical lenses and within the historical context of imperialism, scientific and technological innovation, the growth of the periodical press and discourse about race, class and gender. In addition to writing an argumentative seminar paper, students will complete short research assignments and lead discussion.

ENGL 792.ST1 Women in War: Female Authors and Characters in Contemporary War Lit

In this course, we will explore the voices of female authors and characters in contemporary literature of war. Drawing from various literary theories, our readings and discussion will explore the contributions of these voices to the evolving literature of war through archetypal and feminist criticism. We will read a variety of short works (both theoretical and creative) and complete works such as (selections subject to change): "Eyes Right" by Tracy Crow, "Plenty of Time When We Get Home" by Kayla Williams, "You Know When the Men are Gone" by Siobhan Fallon, "Still, Come Home" by Katie Schultz and "The Fine Art of Camouflage" by Lauren Johnson.

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Gender Equality Essay
100 Words Essay On Gender Equality. Gender equality is the belief that men and women should be treated and perceived as equals in society, including all areas such as education, employment, and in decision-making positions. It is a fundamental human right and a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.
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500+ Words Essay on Gender Equality Essay. Equality or non-discrimination is that state where every individual gets equal opportunities and rights. Every individual of the society yearns for equal status, opportunity, and rights. However, it is a general observation that there exists lots of discrimination between humans.
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Introduction to Gender Equality. In a world striving for progress and justice, gender equality stands as a beacon of social transformation. Defined as the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all genders, it is an imperative that transcends cultural and historical boundaries. Despite advancements, deep-rooted disparities persist.
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Gender equality is an important topic in the 21st century; if you are writing essays about gender equality, read our guide.. Men and women are equal. This statement makes perfect sense to most and should be common sense.Gender equality is "the state of having the same rights, status, and opportunities as others, regardless of one's gender."In the 21st century, much progress has been made ...
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Introduction to Gender Equality. In a society, everyone has the right to lead his/her life accordingly without any discrimination. When this state is achieved where all individuals are considered to be equal irrespective of their caste, gender, colour, profession, and status, we call it equality. Equality can also be defined as the situation ...
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Activists are charting unfamiliar territory, which this essay explores. "Men built this system. No wonder gender equality remains as far off as ever.". - Ellie Mae O'Hagan. Freelance journalist Ellie Mae O'Hagan (whose book The New Normal is scheduled for a May 2020 release) is discouraged that gender equality is so many years away.
What does gender equality look like today?
A new global analysis of progress on gender equality and women's rights shows women and girls remain disproportionately affected by the socioeconomic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, struggling with disproportionately high job and livelihood losses, education disruptions and increased burdens of unpaid care work. Women's health services, poorly funded even before the pandemic, faced ...
Equal Rights for Women: The Ongoing Struggle for Gender Equality
Efforts to promote gender equality must address these underlying challenges in a comprehensive and coordinated manner. Governments, civil society organizations, and international institutions all have a role to play in advancing women's rights and empowerment. Education is a key tool for promoting gender equality.
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The road to a gender-equal world is long, and women's power and freedom to make choices is still very constrained. But the evidence from science is getting stronger: distributing power between ...
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In this essay series, Brookings scholars, public officials, and other subject-area experts examine the current state of gender equality 100 years after the 19th Amendment was adopted to the U.S ...
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Gender Equality Essay Topics and Outline Examples Essay Title 1: Striving for Gender Equality: Challenges, Progress, and Future Perspectives. Thesis Statement: This essay explores the global journey toward achieving gender equality, examining the persistent challenges, the significant progress made, and the potential future directions for advancing the cause of gender equality in all aspects ...
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After an early unsuccessful attempt, Rwanda invested seriously in gender budgeting beginning in 2011. 23 24 The budget is focused on closing gaps and strengthening women's roles in key sectors ...
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Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities, irrespective of gender. It is a critical aspect of a just and democratic society, and its importance cannot be overstated. This essay explores the concept of gender equality, its implications, and the ...
Worldwide Optimism About Future of Gender Equality, Even as Many See
Twenty-five years after the United Nations' Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action pledged to take the necessary steps to "remove all obstacles to gender equality and the advancement and empowerment of women," support for gender equality is strong around the globe. Across 34 countries surveyed by Pew Research Center, a median of 94% think it is important for women in their country ...
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Global Dimension. Gender equality has remarkably improved to the point of a relatively inclusive society at the global level. The progress varies based on the county's level of development. For instance, in developed countries, there have been high levels of social justice and equity. The progress of gender equality across the globe is based ...
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The primary purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of various GE tools in the context of the financial sector in the US. Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment by Gemechu Ogato. The article "The Quest for Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in the least Developed Countries" presents a macro work.
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Conclusion. In the end, gender equality and women's empowerment are about making sure that everyone, no matter if they are a boy or a girl, has the same chances in life. It's like a game where the rules are fair for all players, and everyone can win. When we work together to treat everyone equally, we make the world a better place for everyone.
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Gender equality and sustainable development go hand in hand. When we treat everyone fairly, we have a better chance of taking care of our people and our planet. By giving everyone - boys and girls, men and women - the same chances to learn, work, and lead, we make sure our world can be a good home for all of us, now and in the future.
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Gender equality is key to a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world, but we are sadly still off track. Join the conversation on the current status of gender equality efforts with three leading women representing government, civil society, and international organizations to hear directly from them what more can be done to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
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Published: Jan 28, 2021. Gender equality is the presence of equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for women and men and girls and boys. Gender Equality is necessary for sustainable development, because it allows both genders to have equal opportunities, and it stimulates economic growth.
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Concluding your Gender Equality Essay. Essays on gender equality also have the same structure for the conclusion. It gives a summary of the arguments made in the body using one sentence or two. On top of providing an abstract of the discussion, it also restates the thesis statement. Bonus: Free Tips to Guide Your Gender Essay Writing
Artificial Intelligence and gender equality
A study by the Berkeley Haas Center for Equity, Gender and Leadership analysed 133 AI systems across different industries and found that about 44 per cent of them showed gender bias, and 25 per cent exhibited both gender and racial bias.. Beyza Doğuç, an artist from Ankara, Turkey, encountered gender bias in Generative AI when she was researching for a novel and prompted it to write a story ...
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Gender inequality has been a prevalent issue in India and worldwide. There are several measures that track gender equality such as the Gender-Related Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure. In India, women face discrimination in areas of education, health, decision-making, and financial independence. Several government policies and programs have aimed to promote gender equality, but ...
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The international community must move beyond these regressive negotiations and recognize that gender equality is intrinsic to the health and progress of societies worldwide. It is high time for global leaders to demonstrate foresight, ensuring that issues of gender and women's rights are integrated seamlessly into all facets of policy and ...
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Write conclusions that synthesize the overall findings and suggest potential areas for future research. Formulate observations and insights based on the reviewed papers. Translate Reports and Summary
The Twelve Tables: Cornerstone of Roman Legal Tradition
In conclusion, the Twelve Tables represent a foundational moment in the history of Roman law, embodying the principles of justice, transparency, and equality. Their creation marked a significant shift towards a more equitable legal system, addressing the demands of the plebeian class and setting a precedent for future legal developments.
Fall 2024 Semester
Ranging across historical periods and literary genres—including early accounts of contact and discovery, narratives of captivity and slavery, poetry of revolution, essays on gender equality and stories of industrial exploitation—this class examines how subjects such as colonialism, nationhood, religion, slavery, westward expansion, race ...
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a neutral or other designation gender field, in addition to male or female. Under the REAL ID Act, gender must be in-cluded on a license. This can be problematic for transgender or nonbinary individuals. I rec-ognize that some LGBTQ+ individuals do not want gender designations on licenses at all, while others do want gender designation so as

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Essay on Gender Equality

Introduction to Gender Equality

Historical Context

Importance of Gender Equality in Society

Methods to measure Gender Equality

Gender Equality at Workplace

Initiatives and Movements

Social and Cultural Barriers to Gender Equality

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Essays About Gender Equality: Top 5 Examples and 6 Prompts

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5. Gender equality at workplace by Michelle Gordon

4. Women’s rights throughout U.S. history by Chris Price

Introduction to Gender Equality

Gender Equality builds a Nation

Methods to measure Gender Equality

Roadblocks to Gender Equality

Initiative Towards Gender Equality

FAQs on Gender Equality Essay

5 Powerful Essays Advocating for Gender Equality

“Countries With Less Gender Equity Have More Women In STEM — Huh?” – Adam Mastroianni and Dakota McCoy

“Men’s health is better, too, in countries with more gender equality” – Liz Plank

“China’s #MeToo Moment” – Jiayang Fan

“Men built this system. No wonder gender equality remains as far off as ever.” – Ellie Mae O’Hagan

“Invisibility of Race in Gender Pay Gap Discussions” – Bonnie Chu

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