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Can social identities improve working students’ academic and social outcomes lessons from three studies.

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Grozev, V.H.; Easterbrook, M.J. Can Social Identities Improve Working Students’ Academic and Social Outcomes? Lessons from Three Studies. Educ. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090939

Grozev VH, Easterbrook MJ. Can Social Identities Improve Working Students’ Academic and Social Outcomes? Lessons from Three Studies. Education Sciences . 2024; 14(9):939. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090939

Grozev, Vladislav H., and Matthew J. Easterbrook. 2024. "Can Social Identities Improve Working Students’ Academic and Social Outcomes? Lessons from Three Studies" Education Sciences 14, no. 9: 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090939

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Understanding the Working College Student

DOI link for Understanding the Working College Student

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How appropriate for today and for the future are the policies and practices of higher education that largely assume a norm of traditional-age students with minimal on-campus, or no, work commitments?Despite the fact that work is a fundamental part of life for nearly half of all undergraduate students – with a substantial number of “traditional” dependent undergraduates in employment, and working independent undergraduates averaging 34.5 hours per week – little attention has been given to how working influences the integration and engagement experiences of students who work, especially those who work full-time, or how the benefits and costs of working differ between traditional age-students and adult students.The high, and increasing, prevalence and intensity of working among both dependent and independent students raises a number of important questions for public policymakers, college administrators, faculty, academic advisors, student services and financial aid staff, and institutional and educational researchers, including: Why do so many college students work so many hours? What are the characteristics of undergraduates who work? What are the implications of working for students’ educational experiences and outcomes? And, how can public and institutional policymakers promote the educational success of undergraduate students who work? This book offers the most complete and comprehensive conceptualization of the “working college student” available. It provides a multi-faceted picture of the characteristics, experiences, and challenges of working college students and a more complete understanding of the heterogeneity underlying the label “undergraduates who work” and the implications of working for undergraduate students’ educational experiences and outcomes. The volume stresses the importance of recognizing the value and contribution of adult learners to higher education, and takes issue with the appropriateness of the term “non-traditional” itself, both because of the prevalence of this group, and because it allows higher education institutions to avoid considering changes that will meet the needs of this population, including changes in course offerings, course scheduling, financial aid, and pedagogy.

Part section one | 20 pages, work as a form of financial aid, chapter 1 | 18 pages, student work and the financial aid system, part section two | 92 pages, work as a component of student identity, chapter 2 | 20 pages, adult workers as undergraduate students, chapter 3 | 24 pages, overcoming adversity, chapter 4 | 26 pages, mobile working students, chapter 5 | 20 pages, academic success for working adult students, part section three | 64 pages, work as a vehicle for promoting cognitive development and learning, chapter 6 | 19 pages, using economics to illuminate the dynamic higher education landscape, chapter 7 | 21 pages, of a mind to labor, chapter 8 | 22 pages, part section four | 81 pages, work as a vehicle for improving student engagement, chapter 9 | 34 pages, working during college, chapter 10 | 21 pages, effects of work on african american college students' engagement, chapter 11 | 24 pages, impact of working on undergraduate students' interactions with faculty, part section five | 49 pages, work as a vehicle for improving educational and economic attainment, chapter 12 | 22 pages, understanding the relationship between working while in college and future salaries, chapter | 25 pages, conclusions and recommendations for policy, practice, and future research.

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Research Topics & Ideas: Education

170+ Research Ideas To Fast-Track Your Dissertation, Thesis Or Research Project

I f you’re just starting out exploring education-related topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of research topics and ideas , including examples from actual dissertations and theses..

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Education Research Topics

How to find a research topic (video)
List of 50+ education-related research topics/ideas
List of 120+ level-specific research topics
Examples of actual dissertation topics in education
Tips to fast-track your topic ideation (video)
Where to get extra help

Education-Related Research Topics & Ideas

Below you’ll find a list of education-related research topics and idea kickstarters. These are fairly broad and flexible to various contexts, so keep in mind that you will need to refine them a little. Nevertheless, they should inspire some ideas for your project.

The impact of school funding on student achievement
The effects of social and emotional learning on student well-being
The effects of parental involvement on student behaviour
The impact of teacher training on student learning
The impact of classroom design on student learning
The impact of poverty on education
The use of student data to inform instruction
The role of parental involvement in education
The effects of mindfulness practices in the classroom
The use of technology in the classroom
The role of critical thinking in education
The use of formative and summative assessments in the classroom
The use of differentiated instruction in the classroom
The use of gamification in education
The effects of teacher burnout on student learning
The impact of school leadership on student achievement
The effects of teacher diversity on student outcomes
The role of teacher collaboration in improving student outcomes
The implementation of blended and online learning
The effects of teacher accountability on student achievement
The effects of standardized testing on student learning
The effects of classroom management on student behaviour
The effects of school culture on student achievement
The use of student-centred learning in the classroom
The impact of teacher-student relationships on student outcomes
The achievement gap in minority and low-income students
The use of culturally responsive teaching in the classroom
The impact of teacher professional development on student learning
The use of project-based learning in the classroom
The effects of teacher expectations on student achievement
The use of adaptive learning technology in the classroom
The impact of teacher turnover on student learning
The effects of teacher recruitment and retention on student learning
The impact of early childhood education on later academic success
The impact of parental involvement on student engagement
The use of positive reinforcement in education
The impact of school climate on student engagement
The role of STEM education in preparing students for the workforce
The effects of school choice on student achievement
The use of technology in the form of online tutoring

Free Webinar: How To Find A Dissertation Research Topic

Level-Specific Research Topics

Looking for research topics for a specific level of education? We’ve got you covered. Below you can find research topic ideas for primary, secondary and tertiary-level education contexts. Click the relevant level to view the respective list.

Research Topics: Pick An Education Level

Primary education.

Investigating the effects of peer tutoring on academic achievement in primary school
Exploring the benefits of mindfulness practices in primary school classrooms
Examining the effects of different teaching strategies on primary school students’ problem-solving skills
The use of storytelling as a teaching strategy in primary school literacy instruction
The role of cultural diversity in promoting tolerance and understanding in primary schools
The impact of character education programs on moral development in primary school students
Investigating the use of technology in enhancing primary school mathematics education
The impact of inclusive curriculum on promoting equity and diversity in primary schools
The impact of outdoor education programs on environmental awareness in primary school students
The influence of school climate on student motivation and engagement in primary schools
Investigating the effects of early literacy interventions on reading comprehension in primary school students
The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student achievement in primary schools
Exploring the benefits of inclusive education for students with special needs in primary schools
Investigating the effects of teacher-student feedback on academic motivation in primary schools
The role of technology in developing digital literacy skills in primary school students
Effective strategies for fostering a growth mindset in primary school students
Investigating the role of parental support in reducing academic stress in primary school children
The role of arts education in fostering creativity and self-expression in primary school students
Examining the effects of early childhood education programs on primary school readiness
Examining the effects of homework on primary school students’ academic performance
The role of formative assessment in improving learning outcomes in primary school classrooms
The impact of teacher-student relationships on academic outcomes in primary school
Investigating the effects of classroom environment on student behavior and learning outcomes in primary schools
Investigating the role of creativity and imagination in primary school curriculum
The impact of nutrition and healthy eating programs on academic performance in primary schools
The impact of social-emotional learning programs on primary school students’ well-being and academic performance
The role of parental involvement in academic achievement of primary school children
Examining the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior in primary school
The role of school leadership in creating a positive school climate Exploring the benefits of bilingual education in primary schools
The effectiveness of project-based learning in developing critical thinking skills in primary school students
The role of inquiry-based learning in fostering curiosity and critical thinking in primary school students
The effects of class size on student engagement and achievement in primary schools
Investigating the effects of recess and physical activity breaks on attention and learning in primary school
Exploring the benefits of outdoor play in developing gross motor skills in primary school children
The effects of educational field trips on knowledge retention in primary school students
Examining the effects of inclusive classroom practices on students’ attitudes towards diversity in primary schools
The impact of parental involvement in homework on primary school students’ academic achievement
Investigating the effectiveness of different assessment methods in primary school classrooms
The influence of physical activity and exercise on cognitive development in primary school children
Exploring the benefits of cooperative learning in promoting social skills in primary school students

Secondary Education

Investigating the effects of school discipline policies on student behavior and academic success in secondary education
The role of social media in enhancing communication and collaboration among secondary school students
The impact of school leadership on teacher effectiveness and student outcomes in secondary schools
Investigating the effects of technology integration on teaching and learning in secondary education
Exploring the benefits of interdisciplinary instruction in promoting critical thinking skills in secondary schools
The impact of arts education on creativity and self-expression in secondary school students
The effectiveness of flipped classrooms in promoting student learning in secondary education
The role of career guidance programs in preparing secondary school students for future employment
Investigating the effects of student-centered learning approaches on student autonomy and academic success in secondary schools
The impact of socio-economic factors on educational attainment in secondary education
Investigating the impact of project-based learning on student engagement and academic achievement in secondary schools
Investigating the effects of multicultural education on cultural understanding and tolerance in secondary schools
The influence of standardized testing on teaching practices and student learning in secondary education
Investigating the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior and academic engagement in secondary education
The influence of teacher professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in secondary schools
The role of extracurricular activities in promoting holistic development and well-roundedness in secondary school students
Investigating the effects of blended learning models on student engagement and achievement in secondary education
The role of physical education in promoting physical health and well-being among secondary school students
Investigating the effects of gender on academic achievement and career aspirations in secondary education
Exploring the benefits of multicultural literature in promoting cultural awareness and empathy among secondary school students
The impact of school counseling services on student mental health and well-being in secondary schools
Exploring the benefits of vocational education and training in preparing secondary school students for the workforce
The role of digital literacy in preparing secondary school students for the digital age
The influence of parental involvement on academic success and well-being of secondary school students
The impact of social-emotional learning programs on secondary school students’ well-being and academic success
The role of character education in fostering ethical and responsible behavior in secondary school students
Examining the effects of digital citizenship education on responsible and ethical technology use among secondary school students
The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student outcomes in secondary schools
The role of educational technology in promoting personalized learning experiences in secondary schools
The impact of inclusive education on the social and academic outcomes of students with disabilities in secondary schools
The influence of parental support on academic motivation and achievement in secondary education
The role of school climate in promoting positive behavior and well-being among secondary school students
Examining the effects of peer mentoring programs on academic achievement and social-emotional development in secondary schools
Examining the effects of teacher-student relationships on student motivation and achievement in secondary schools
Exploring the benefits of service-learning programs in promoting civic engagement among secondary school students
The impact of educational policies on educational equity and access in secondary education
Examining the effects of homework on academic achievement and student well-being in secondary education
Investigating the effects of different assessment methods on student performance in secondary schools
Examining the effects of single-sex education on academic performance and gender stereotypes in secondary schools
The role of mentoring programs in supporting the transition from secondary to post-secondary education

Tertiary Education

The role of student support services in promoting academic success and well-being in higher education
The impact of internationalization initiatives on students’ intercultural competence and global perspectives in tertiary education
Investigating the effects of active learning classrooms and learning spaces on student engagement and learning outcomes in tertiary education
Exploring the benefits of service-learning experiences in fostering civic engagement and social responsibility in higher education
The influence of learning communities and collaborative learning environments on student academic and social integration in higher education
Exploring the benefits of undergraduate research experiences in fostering critical thinking and scientific inquiry skills
Investigating the effects of academic advising and mentoring on student retention and degree completion in higher education
The role of student engagement and involvement in co-curricular activities on holistic student development in higher education
The impact of multicultural education on fostering cultural competence and diversity appreciation in higher education
The role of internships and work-integrated learning experiences in enhancing students’ employability and career outcomes
Examining the effects of assessment and feedback practices on student learning and academic achievement in tertiary education
The influence of faculty professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in tertiary education
The influence of faculty-student relationships on student success and well-being in tertiary education
The impact of college transition programs on students’ academic and social adjustment to higher education
The impact of online learning platforms on student learning outcomes in higher education
The impact of financial aid and scholarships on access and persistence in higher education
The influence of student leadership and involvement in extracurricular activities on personal development and campus engagement
Exploring the benefits of competency-based education in developing job-specific skills in tertiary students
Examining the effects of flipped classroom models on student learning and retention in higher education
Exploring the benefits of online collaboration and virtual team projects in developing teamwork skills in tertiary students
Investigating the effects of diversity and inclusion initiatives on campus climate and student experiences in tertiary education
The influence of study abroad programs on intercultural competence and global perspectives of college students
Investigating the effects of peer mentoring and tutoring programs on student retention and academic performance in tertiary education
Investigating the effectiveness of active learning strategies in promoting student engagement and achievement in tertiary education
Investigating the effects of blended learning models and hybrid courses on student learning and satisfaction in higher education
The role of digital literacy and information literacy skills in supporting student success in the digital age
Investigating the effects of experiential learning opportunities on career readiness and employability of college students
The impact of e-portfolios on student reflection, self-assessment, and showcasing of learning in higher education
The role of technology in enhancing collaborative learning experiences in tertiary classrooms
The impact of research opportunities on undergraduate student engagement and pursuit of advanced degrees
Examining the effects of competency-based assessment on measuring student learning and achievement in tertiary education
Examining the effects of interdisciplinary programs and courses on critical thinking and problem-solving skills in college students
The role of inclusive education and accessibility in promoting equitable learning experiences for diverse student populations
The role of career counseling and guidance in supporting students’ career decision-making in tertiary education
The influence of faculty diversity and representation on student success and inclusive learning environments in higher education

Education-Related Dissertations & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a research topic in education, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses in the education space to see how this all comes together in practice.

Below, we’ve included a selection of education-related research projects to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

From Rural to Urban: Education Conditions of Migrant Children in China (Wang, 2019)
Energy Renovation While Learning English: A Guidebook for Elementary ESL Teachers (Yang, 2019)
A Reanalyses of Intercorrelational Matrices of Visual and Verbal Learners’ Abilities, Cognitive Styles, and Learning Preferences (Fox, 2020)
A study of the elementary math program utilized by a mid-Missouri school district (Barabas, 2020)
Instructor formative assessment practices in virtual learning environments : a posthumanist sociomaterial perspective (Burcks, 2019)
Higher education students services: a qualitative study of two mid-size universities’ direct exchange programs (Kinde, 2020)
Exploring editorial leadership : a qualitative study of scholastic journalism advisers teaching leadership in Missouri secondary schools (Lewis, 2020)
Selling the virtual university: a multimodal discourse analysis of marketing for online learning (Ludwig, 2020)
Advocacy and accountability in school counselling: assessing the use of data as related to professional self-efficacy (Matthews, 2020)
The use of an application screening assessment as a predictor of teaching retention at a midwestern, K-12, public school district (Scarbrough, 2020)
Core values driving sustained elite performance cultures (Beiner, 2020)
Educative features of upper elementary Eureka math curriculum (Dwiggins, 2020)
How female principals nurture adult learning opportunities in successful high schools with challenging student demographics (Woodward, 2020)
The disproportionality of Black Males in Special Education: A Case Study Analysis of Educator Perceptions in a Southeastern Urban High School (McCrae, 2021)

As you can see, these research topics are a lot more focused than the generic topic ideas we presented earlier. So, in order for you to develop a high-quality research topic, you’ll need to get specific and laser-focused on a specific context with specific variables of interest. In the video below, we explore some other important things you’ll need to consider when crafting your research topic.

Get 1-On-1 Help

If you’re still unsure about how to find a quality research topic within education, check out our Research Topic Kickstarter service, which is the perfect starting point for developing a unique, well-justified research topic.

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70 Comments

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Special education

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Research title related to school of students

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Research title related to students

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parental involvement and students academic performance

Science education topics?

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Kindly help me with the research questions on the topic” Effects of workplace conflict on the employees’ job performance”. The effects can be applicable in every institution,enterprise or organisation.

Greetings, I am a student majoring in Sociology and minoring in Public Administration. I’m considering any recommended research topic in the field of Sociology.

I’m a student pursuing Mphil in Basic education and I’m considering any recommended research proposal topic in my field of study

Research Defense for students in senior high

Kindly help me with a research topic in educational psychology. Ph.D level. Thank you.

Project-based learning is a teaching/learning type,if well applied in a classroom setting will yield serious positive impact. What can a teacher do to implement this in a disadvantaged zone like “North West Region of Cameroon ( hinterland) where war has brought about prolonged and untold sufferings on the indegins?

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Look at British Library as they keep a copy of all PhDs in the UK Core.ac.uk to access Open University and 6 other university e-archives, pdf downloads mostly available, all free.

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Please I am a masters student of the department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education Please I am in need of proposed project topics to help with my final year thesis

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Masters student in the field of curriculum, any ideas of a research topic on low achiever students

In the field of curriculum any ideas of a research topic on deconalization in contextualization of digital teaching and learning through in higher education

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I am a graduate with two masters. 1) Master of arts in religious studies and 2) Master in education in foundations of education. I intend to do a Ph.D. on my second master’s, however, I need to bring both masters together through my Ph.D. research. can I do something like, ” The contribution of Philosophy of education for a quality religion education in Kenya”? kindly, assist and be free to suggest a similar topic that will bring together the two masters. thanks in advance

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200+ Research Title Ideas To Explore In 2024

Choosing a compelling research title is a critical step in the research process, as it serves as the gateway to capturing the attention of readers and potential collaborators. A well-crafted research title not only encapsulates the essence of your study but also entices readers to delve deeper into your work.

In this blog post, we will explore the significance of research title ideas, the characteristics of an effective title, strategies for generating compelling titles, examples of successful titles, common pitfalls to avoid, the importance of iterative refinement, and ethical considerations in title creation.

Characteristics of a Good Research Title

Table of Contents

Clarity and Precision

A good research title should communicate the core idea of your study clearly and precisely. Avoid vague or overly complex language that might confuse readers.

Relevance to the Research Topic

Ensure that your title accurately reflects the content and focus of your research. It should provide a clear indication of what readers can expect from your study.

Conciseness and Avoidance of Ambiguity

Keep your title concise and to the point. Avoid unnecessary words or phrases that may add ambiguity. Aim for clarity and directness to make your title more impactful.

Use of Keywords

Incorporating relevant keywords in your title can enhance its visibility and accessibility. Consider the terms that researchers in your field are likely to search for and integrate them into your title.

Reflecting the Research Methodology or Approach

If your research employs a specific methodology or approach, consider incorporating that information into your title. This helps set expectations for readers and indicates the uniqueness of your study.

What are the Strategies for Generating Research Title Ideas?

Brainstorming
Individual Brainstorming: Set aside time to generate title ideas on your own. Consider different angles, perspectives, and aspects of your research.
Group Brainstorming: Collaborate with peers or mentors to gather diverse perspectives and insights. Group brainstorming can lead to innovative and multidimensional title ideas.
Keyword Analysis
Identifying Key Terms and Concepts: Break down your research into key terms and concepts. These will form the foundation of your title.
Exploring Synonyms and Related Terms: Expand your search by exploring synonyms and related terms. This can help you discover alternative ways to express your research focus.
Literature Review
Examining Existing Titles in the Field: Review titles of relevant studies in your field to identify common patterns and effective strategies.
Analyzing Successful Titles for Inspiration: Analyze successful research titles to understand what makes them stand out. Look for elements that resonate with your own research.
Consultation with Peers and Mentors
Seek feedback from peers and mentors during the title creation process. External perspectives can offer valuable insights and help refine your ideas.
Use of Online Tools and Title Generators
Explore online tools and title generators designed to aid in the generation of creative and relevant research titles. While these tools can be helpful, exercise discretion and ensure the generated titles align with the essence of your research.

200+ Research Title Ideas: Category-Wise

Technology and computer science.

“Cybersecurity Measures in the Age of Quantum Computing”
“Machine Learning Applications for Predictive Maintenance”
“The Impact of Augmented Reality on Learning Outcomes”
“Blockchain Technology: Enhancing Supply Chain Transparency”
“Human-Computer Interaction in Virtual Reality Environments”

Environmental Science and Sustainability

“Evaluating the Efficacy of Green Infrastructure in Urban Areas”
“Climate Change Resilience Strategies for Coastal Communities”
“Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Rainforests”
“Renewable Energy Adoption in Developing Economies”
“Assessing the Environmental Impact of Plastic Alternatives”

Health and Medicine

“Precision Medicine Approaches in Cancer Treatment”
“Mental Health Interventions for Youth in Urban Settings”
“Telemedicine: Bridging Gaps in Rural Healthcare Access”
“The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disorders”
“Ethical Considerations in Genetic Editing Technologies”

Social Sciences and Psychology

“Social Media Influence on Body Image Perception”
“Impact of Cultural Diversity on Team Performance”
“Psychological Resilience in the Face of Global Crises”
“Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement in Adolescents”
“Exploring the Dynamics of Online Communities and Identity”

Business and Economics

“Sustainable Business Practices and Consumer Behavior”
“The Role of Big Data in Financial Decision-Making”
“Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Markets”
“Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Loyalty”
“Economic Implications of Remote Work Adoption”

Education and Pedagogy

“Inclusive Education Models for Diverse Learning Needs”
“Gamification in STEM Education: A Comparative Analysis”
“Online Learning Effectiveness in Higher Education”
“Teacher Training for Integrating Technology in Classrooms”
“Assessment Strategies for Measuring Critical Thinking Skills”

Psychology and Behavior

“The Influence of Social Media on Adolescent Well-being”
“Cognitive Biases in Decision-Making: A Cross-Cultural Study”
“The Role of Empathy in Conflict Resolution”
“Positive Psychology Interventions for Workplace Satisfaction”
“Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Patterns and Mental Health”

Biology and Genetics

“Genetic Markers for Predisposition to Neurodegenerative Diseases”
“CRISPR-Cas9 Technology: Ethical Implications and Future Prospects”
“Evolutionary Adaptations in Response to Environmental Changes”
“Understanding the Microbiome’s Impact on Immune System Function”
“Epigenetic Modifications and Their Role in Disease Development”

Urban Planning and Architecture

“Smart Cities: Balancing Technological Innovation and Privacy”
“Revitalizing Urban Spaces: Community Engagement in Design”
“Sustainable Architecture: Integrating Nature into Urban Designs”
“Transit-Oriented Development and Its Impact on City Dynamics”
“Assessing the Cultural Significance of Urban Landscapes”

Linguistics and Communication

“The Influence of Language on Cross-Cultural Communication”
“Language Development in Multilingual Environments”
“The Impact of Nonverbal Communication on Interpersonal Relationships”
“Digital Communication and the Evolution of Language”
“Language Processing in Bilingual Individuals: A Neuroscientific Approach”

Political Science and International Relations

“The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilization”
“Global Governance in the Era of Transnational Challenges”
“Human Rights and the Ethics of Intervention in International Affairs”
“Political Polarization: Causes and Consequences”
“Climate Change Diplomacy: Assessing International Agreements”

Physics and Astronomy

“Dark Matter: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe”
“Quantum Entanglement and Its Potential Applications”
“The Search for Exoplanets in Habitable Zones”
“Astrophysical Phenomena: Exploring Black Holes and Neutron Stars”
“Advancements in Quantum Computing Algorithms”

Education Technology (EdTech)

“Adaptive Learning Platforms: Personalizing Education for Every Student”
“The Impact of Virtual Reality Simulations on STEM Education”
“E-Learning Accessibility for Students with Disabilities”
“Gamified Learning: Enhancing Student Engagement and Retention”
“Digital Literacy Education: Navigating the Information Age”

Sociology and Anthropology

“Cultural Shifts in Modern Society: An Anthropological Exploration”
“Social Movements in the Digital Age: Activism and Connectivity”
“Gender Roles and Equality: A Cross-Cultural Perspective”
“Urbanization and Its Effects on Traditional Societal Structures”
“Cultural Appropriation: Understanding Boundaries and Respect”

Materials Science and Engineering

“Nanostructured Materials: Innovations in Manufacturing and Applications”
“Biodegradable Polymers: Towards Sustainable Packaging Solutions”
“Materials for Energy Storage: Advancements and Challenges”
“Smart Materials in Healthcare: From Diagnosis to Treatment”
“Robust Coatings for Extreme Environments: Applications in Aerospace”

History and Archaeology

“Digital Reconstruction of Historical Sites: Preserving the Past”
“Trade Routes in Ancient Civilizations: A Comparative Study”
“Archaeogenetics: Unraveling Human Migrations Through DNA Analysis”
“Historical Linguistics: Tracing Language Evolution Over Millennia”
“The Archaeology of Conflict: Studying War through Artifacts”

Marketing and Consumer Behavior

“Influencer Marketing: Impact on Consumer Trust and Purchasing Decisions”
“The Role of Brand Storytelling in Consumer Engagement”
“E-commerce Personalization Strategies: Balancing Customization and Privacy”
“Cross-Cultural Marketing: Adapting Campaigns for Global Audiences”
“Consumer Perceptions of Sustainable Products: A Market Analysis”

Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

“Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Implications for Therapy”
“The Neuroscience of Decision-Making: Insights from Brain Imaging”
“Cognitive Aging: Understanding Memory Decline and Cognitive Resilience”
“The Role of Neurotransmitters in Emotional Regulation”
“Neuroethical Considerations in Brain-Computer Interface Technologies”

Public Health and Epidemiology

“Epidemiological Trends in Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Global Outbreaks”
“Public Health Interventions for Reducing Non-Communicable Diseases”
“Health Disparities Among Marginalized Communities: Addressing the Gaps”
“The Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases”
“Community-Based Approaches to Promoting Health Equity”

Robotics and Automation

“Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing: Enhancing Productivity and Safety”
“Autonomous Vehicles: Navigating the Path to Mainstream Adoption”
“Soft Robotics: Engineering Flexibility for Real-World Applications”
“Ethical Considerations in the Development of AI-powered Robotics”
“Bio-Inspired Robotics: Learning from Nature to Enhance Machine Intelligence”

Literature and Literary Criticism

“Postcolonial Narratives: Deconstructing Power Structures in Literature”
“Digital Storytelling Platforms: Changing the Landscape of Narrative Arts”
“Literature and Cultural Identity: Exploring Representations in Global Contexts”
“Eco-Critical Perspectives in Contemporary Literature”
“Feminist Literary Criticism: Reinterpreting Classic Texts Through a New Lens”

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

“Green Chemistry: Sustainable Approaches to Chemical Synthesis”
“Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Innovations in Biomedical Applications”
“Chemical Process Optimization: Towards Energy-Efficient Production”
“The Chemistry of Taste: Molecular Insights into Food Flavors”
“Catalytic Converters: Advancements in Pollution Control Technologies”

Cultural Studies and Media

“Media Representations of Social Movements: Framing and Impact”
“Pop Culture and Identity: Exploring Trends in a Globalized World”
“The Influence of Social Media on Political Discourse”
“Reality Television and Perceptions of Reality: A Cultural Analysis”
“Media Literacy Education: Navigating the Digital Information Age”

Astronomy and Astrophysics

“Gravitational Waves: Probing the Cosmos for New Discoveries”
“The Life Cycle of Stars: From Birth to Supernova”
“Astrobiology: Searching for Extraterrestrial Life in the Universe”
“Dark Energy and the Accelerating Expansion of the Universe”
“Cosmic Microwave Background: Insights into the Early Universe”

Social Work and Community Development

“Community-Based Mental Health Interventions: A Social Work Perspective”
“Youth Empowerment Programs: Fostering Resilience in Vulnerable Communities”
“Social Justice Advocacy in Contemporary Social Work Practice”
“Intersectionality in Social Work: Addressing the Complex Needs of Individuals”
“The Role of Technology in Enhancing Social Services Delivery”

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics

“Ethical Considerations in AI Decision-Making: Balancing Autonomy and Accountability”
“Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning Algorithms: A Critical Examination”
“Explainable AI: Bridging the Gap Between Complexity and Transparency”
“The Social Implications of AI-Generated Content: Challenges and Opportunities”
“AI and Personal Privacy: Navigating the Ethical Dimensions of Data Usage”

Linguistics and Computational Linguistics

“Natural Language Processing: Advancements in Understanding Human Communication”
“Multilingualism in the Digital Age: Challenges and Opportunities”
“Cognitive Linguistics: Exploring the Relationship Between Language and Thought”
“Speech Recognition Technologies: Applications in Everyday Life”
“Syntax and Semantics: Unraveling the Structure of Language”

Geology and Earth Sciences

“Geological Hazards Assessment in Urban Planning: A Case Study”
“Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Past Climate Patterns for Future Predictions”
“Geomorphological Processes in Coastal Landscapes: Implications for Conservation”
“Volcanic Activity Monitoring: Early Warning Systems and Mitigation Strategies”
“The Impact of Human Activities on Soil Erosion: An Ecological Perspective”

Political Economy and Global Governance

“Global Trade Agreements: Assessing Economic Impacts and Equity”
“Political Economy of Energy Transition: Policies and Socioeconomic Effects”
“The Role of International Organizations in Global Governance”
“Financial Inclusion and Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis”
“The Political Economy of Pandemics: Governance and Crisis Response”

Food Science and Nutrition

“Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Optimal Health”
“Functional Foods: Exploring Health Benefits Beyond Basic Nutrition”
“Sustainable Food Production: Innovations in Agriculture and Aquaculture”
“Dietary Patterns and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review”
“Food Allergies and Sensitivities: Mechanisms and Management Strategies”

Sociology and Technology

“Digital Inequalities: Examining Access and Usage Patterns Across Demographics”
“The Impact of Social Media on Social Capital and Community Building”
“Technological Surveillance and Privacy Concerns: A Sociological Analysis”
“Virtual Communities: An Exploration of Identity Formation in Online Spaces”
“The Social Dynamics of Online Activism: Mobilization and Participation”

Materials Science and Nanotechnology

“Nanomaterials for Biomedical Imaging: Enhancing Diagnostic Precision”
“Self-Healing Materials: Advances in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure”
“Smart Textiles: Integrating Nanotechnology for Enhanced Functionality”
“Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: Targeted Therapies and Beyond”
“Nanocomposites for Energy Storage: Engineering Efficient Capacitors”

Communication and Media Studies

“Media Convergence: The Evolution of Content Delivery in the Digital Age”
“The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Behavior”
“Crisis Communication in a Hyperconnected World: Lessons from Global Events”
“Media Framing of Environmental Issues: A Comparative Analysis”
“Digital Detox: Understanding Media Consumption Patterns and Well-being”

Developmental Psychology

“Early Childhood Attachment and Its Long-Term Impact on Adult Relationships”
“Cognitive Development in Adolescence: Challenges and Opportunities”
“Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement: A Cross-Cultural Perspective”
“Identity Formation in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Social Influences”
“Interventions for Promoting Resilience in At-Risk Youth Populations”

Aerospace Engineering

“Advancements in Aerodynamics: Redefining Flight Efficiency”
“Space Debris Management: Mitigating Risks in Earth’s Orbit”
“Aerodynamic Design Optimization for Supersonic Flight”
“Hypersonic Propulsion Technologies: Pushing the Boundaries of Speed”
“Materials for Space Exploration: Engineering Solutions for Harsh Environments”

Political Psychology

“Political Polarization and Public Opinion: Exploring Cognitive Biases”
“Leadership Styles and Public Perception: A Psychological Analysis”
“Nationalism and Identity: Psychological Factors Shaping Political Beliefs”
“The Influence of Emotional Appeals in Political Communication”
“Crisis Leadership: The Psychological Dynamics of Decision-Making in Times of Uncertainty”

Marine Biology and Conservation

“Coral Reef Restoration: Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation”
“Ocean Plastic Pollution: Assessing Impacts on Marine Ecosystems”
“Marine Mammal Communication: Insights from Bioacoustics”
“Sustainable Fisheries Management: Balancing Ecological and Economic Concerns”
“The Role of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Resilience”

Artificial Intelligence and Creativity

“Generative AI in Creative Industries: Challenges and Innovations”
“AI-Enhanced Creativity Tools: Empowering Artists and Designers”
“Machine Learning for Music Composition: Bridging Art and Technology”
“Creative AI in Film and Entertainment: Transforming Storytelling”
“Ethical Considerations in AI-Generated Art and Content”

Cultural Anthropology

“Cultural Relativism in Anthropological Research: Opportunities and Challenges”
“Rituals and Symbolism: Unraveling Cultural Practices Across Societies”
“Migration and Cultural Identity: An Ethnographic Exploration”
“Material Culture Studies: Understanding Societies through Objects”
“Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Preserving and Promoting Cultural Heritage”

Quantum Computing and Information Science

“Quantum Information Processing: Algorithms and Applications”
“Quantum Cryptography: Securing Communication in the Quantum Era”
“Quantum Machine Learning: Enhancing AI through Quantum Computing”
“Quantum Computing in Finance: Opportunities and Challenges”
“Quantum Internet: Building the Next Generation of Information Networks”

Public Policy and Urban Planning

“Smart Cities and Inclusive Urban Development: A Policy Perspective”
“Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development: Lessons Learned”
“The Impact of Transportation Policies on Urban Mobility Patterns”
“Housing Affordability: Policy Approaches to Addressing Urban Challenges”
“Data-Driven Decision-Making in Urban Governance: Opportunities and Risks”

Gerontology and Aging Studies

“Healthy Aging Interventions: Promoting Quality of Life in Older Adults”
“Social Isolation and Mental Health in Aging Populations: Interventions and Support”
“Technology Adoption Among Older Adults: Bridging the Digital Divide”
“End-of-Life Decision-Making: Ethical Considerations and Legal Frameworks”
“Cognitive Resilience in Aging: Strategies for Maintaining Mental Sharpness”

Examples of Effective Research Titles

Illustrative Examples from Various Disciplines

Here are examples of effective research titles from different disciplines:

“Unlocking the Mysteries of Neural Plasticity: A Multidisciplinary Approach”
“Sustainable Urban Development: Integrating Environmental and Social Perspectives”
“Quantum Computing: Navigating the Path to Practical Applications”

Analysis of What Makes Each Title Effective

Clear indication of the research focus.
Inclusion of key terms relevant to the field.
Incorporation of a multidisciplinary or integrated approach where applicable.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid in Research Title Creation

A. Vagueness and Ambiguity

Vague or ambiguous titles can deter readers from engaging with your research. Ensure your title is straightforward and leaves no room for misinterpretation.

B. Overuse of Jargon

While technical terms are essential, excessive jargon can alienate readers who may not be familiar with the specific terminology. Strike a balance between precision and accessibility.

C. Lack of Alignment with Research Objectives

Your title should align seamlessly with the objectives and findings of your research. Avoid creating titles that misrepresent the core contributions of your study.

D. Lengthy and Complicated Titles

Lengthy titles can be overwhelming and may not effectively convey the essence of your research. Aim for brevity while maintaining clarity and informativeness.

E. Lack of Creativity and Engagement

A bland title may not capture the interest of potential readers. Inject creativity where appropriate and strive to create a title that sparks curiosity.

Ethical Considerations in Research Title Creation

Avoiding Sensationalism and Misleading Titles

Ensure that your title accurately represents the content of your research. Avoid sensationalism or misleading language that may compromise the integrity of your work.

Ensuring Accuracy and Integrity in Representing Research Content

Your title should uphold the principles of accuracy and integrity. Any claims or implications in the title should be supported by the actual findings of your research.

Crafting a captivating research title is a nuanced process that requires careful consideration of various factors. From clarity and relevance to creativity and ethical considerations, each element plays a crucial role in the success of your title.

By following the outlined strategies and avoiding common pitfalls for research title ideas, researchers can enhance the visibility and impact of their work, contributing to the broader scholarly conversation. Remember, your research title is the first impression readers have of your work, so make it count.

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WORKING WHILE STUDYING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF WORKING COLLEGE STUDENTS

This study focused on the investigation to know if the students' are experiencing the aspect of working while studying at Eastern Samar State University-Guiuan Campus. The study shows the perception of students on working while studying. Moreover, the study also indicates the reasons why they engage on working and the impacts of being employed to their academic performance. The study focused on the undergraduate students of Eastern Samar State University Guiuan Campus. The data obtained from the survey questionnaires were consolidated, organized and tabulated accordingly. They were analyzed, and interpreted utilizing suitable statistical tools. Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations were given: For the University, to improve provided services in order to help students (1) engage in working while studying, (2) help students to achieve the balance between working and academic performance. For the Faculty Members let the students encourage to participate and engage of different skills so that they may be able to have positive experiences on working for income. For the Future Researchers to conduct a similar study using other variables that are believed to have a similar topic, so that there will be comparison of the results.

Related Papers

Debbie Ermac

This study sought to know and understand the opportunities and challenges of working students. Likewise, the study looked into the factors that prompted students to work and how they were affected by the job. The study used qualitative research specifically phenomenological approach in gathering the data. Interviews were conducted to substantiate the study. The informants were thirteen students who worked in off-campus and on-campus. The results of the study revealed that a working student is a person who works so he can finish his studies and help his parents. Basically, students worked for their tuition. Being a working student was becoming the best version of themselves. It was about sacrifice and most importantly, it was about dedication and proving to the world that poverty will never be a hindrance to fulfilling one's dreams. The " poverty is not a hindrance to education " theme was the crucial element of the informants' overwhelming experience. To conclude, there were some advantages that working while studying had brought to the working students. Although they encountered some difficulties, they seemed to manage both studying and working simultaneously. Working at the same time studying had positive and negative effects on the personal needs, self-esteem, and time management of working students. Indeed, colleges and universities may recognize and respond to the prevalence, characteristics, and implications of working for today's undergraduates.

Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

Psychology and Education , vanessa bias

The study aimed to determine the status of working students in Tanay Senior High School in the first semester of the 3-2 learning modality particularly SY 2022-2023. Likewise, to analyze the challenges and concerns of the working students and their teachers as well as the possible recommendations that surfaced to address the problems. Consequently, to come up with an action plan that would serve as an assistance to help the working students continue their studies in school. The researchers utilized a quantitative and qualitative descriptive type of research with the use of a researcher-made questionnaire supported by a focus group to solicit data from the respondents. There were two groups of respondents in the study, purposive sampling was utilized, the 10 class advisers handling working students and the 32 working students from different strands of Grade 11 and Grade 12 who were enrolled in SY 2022-2023. The findings of the study revealed that the employer of working students is aware that these students are currently enrolled in school. However, only 25% of students have an agreement or work contract with their employers while 75% of them are working without any agreement or contract. Moreover, only 12 students have a work plan made by the employer to avoid conflict with their class schedule while the rest of the 20 students have no concrete plan crafted, which indicates a future conflict on their class schedule particularly when the full swing face to face learning shall be implemented. On the status of working students in terms of academic performance in the first semester, as perceived by their class advisers, the working students seemed to be performing despite the challenges of their work since the obtained overall mean in all 5 aspects is 3.06 with the verbal interpretation of "often". This result signifies that the working students have the enthusiasm to learn and participate in the classroom discussion and were still able to pass their performances and assessments. Nonetheless, to submit activities on time and to attend class regularly got lowest mean obtained.

Enrique B Picardal Jr

Abstract: This locates out about used to be intensively researched and studied through university college students working at Biliran Province State University a public university. Through a research-based strategy using questionnaires, non-public experiences of fifteen college students have been obtained. The findings of this examine an exhibit that these college students advantage from the accountability that comes with their twin roles as students and employees in many ways. However, they additionally did not go through emotional and bodily stress ensuing from fatigue, lack of sleep due to their work and locate out about experiences. Interestingly, these college students effectively labored through a range of coping mechanisms consisting of finding social aid and engaging in enjoyable and non-fiction entertainment things to do that negatively impact learning and work at the same time.

Working and Non-Working Students

Mona Soliva

This chapter oversaw the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data gathered by the researchers. This study aims to determine the academic performances between working and non-working students.

Ahmad Faizuddin , Tumin Tumin , Tumin Wagiman

This study explores the experiences of working while studying of postgraduate students at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The main objective is to know what is the meaning of working while studying for postgraduate students at IIUM. Four research questions were formulated: (1) What are postgraduate students' perceptions of working while studying? (2) What are the positive and negative effects of working while studying? (3) What are the challenges faced by postgraduate students when working while studying and how do they overcome the problems? (4) What are suggestions and recommendations for students who are working while studying? Two informants were purposively selected and interviewed to collect the data. The result shows that postgraduate students understand the meaning of working while studying and how to deal with them in term of overcoming the challenges. The recommendations include postgraduate students who decide to work while studying should have good time management, be committed, disciplined and responsible for what they are doing.

Jurnal Al-Hayat

Halim Purnomo

The current study explores the experiences of working students, especially in higher learning institutions in coping with the challenges of working while studying. It is expected that the suggestions and recommendations from the study can improve working students' experiences to be successful in both working and studying.This qualitative research which documentation and interview had been used in order to collect data on the experiences of working students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Some working students were purposively chosen and interviewed to know the challenges they faced and how they overcome the problems.The findings of the current study show that the informants fully understood the concept of working while studying and considered it as a financial necessity and self-improvement. The informants exposed several challenges of working students such as time constraints and commitment to their studies. Despite the challenges, the informants considered working while studying as a motivation to further develop themselves and acquire necessary skills for better employment.This study is important as many college students are working while enrolled in higher education. They may experience time constraints managing the responsibilities of both student and worker. Thus, it is significant to understand their experiences that may affect the future of their academic studies.This study provides some implications and recommendations for working students to overcome the challenges. They include time management, commitment, discipline, and responsibility. Studi saat ini mengeksplorasi pengalaman mahasiswa yang bekerja, khususnya di perguruan tinggi dalam menghadapi tantangan bekerja sambil kuliah. Saran dan rekomendasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengalaman kerja mahasiswa agar berhasil baik dalam bekerja maupun belajar. Penelitian kualitatif dengan dokumentasi dan wawancara ini digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang pengalaman kerja mahasiswa di Internasional. Universitas Islam Malaysia. Beberapa mahasiswa yang bekerja sengaja dipilih dan diwawancara untuk mengetahui tantangan yang mereka hadapi dan bagaimana mereka mengatasi masalah tersebut. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa informan memahami sepenuhnya konsep bekerja sambil belajar dan menganggapnya sebagai kebutuhan finansial dan peningkatan diri.. Para informan memaparkan beberapa tantangan mahasiswa yang bekerja seperti kendala waktu dan komitmen untuk belajar. Terlepas dari tantangan tersebut, para informan Working Students in Higher Education...-Tumin et al 80 menganggap bekerja sambil belajar sebagai motivasi untuk lebih mengembangkan diri dan memperoleh keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk pekerjaan yang lebih baik. Studi ini penting karena banyak mahasiswa yang bekerja selama mendaftar di pendidikan tinggi. Mereka mungkin mengalami kendala waktu dalam mengelola tanggung jawab siswa dan pekerja. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memahami pengalaman mereka yang dapat mempengaruhi masa depan studi akademis mereka. Studi ini memberikan beberapa implikasi dan rekomendasi bagi mahasiswa yang bekerja untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut. Itu termasuk manajemen waktu, komitmen, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab.

Dahryl Buraquit

This study explores how the student creates ways to maximize their time in working and in studying. The said study also aims to investigate and identify students' experiences while working. They are starting at how difficult their situation. Next, the problems they encounter. Then, how they deal and cope with such difficulties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences of working while studying. In this study, a qualitative study is used. It is a subjective report which made utilization of a phenomenological way to deal with accumulating important information. The method that is used in the process of making this part of the study is the Snowball technique. Based on the participants’ responses on their perceptions on working while studying, it is confirmed that financial support, self-development and internal motivation to integrate theory and practice are among the driving forces of working while studying at university. The findings also show that the particip...

Sassy Mae Ledda

Waheed Jang

This study focuses on the problems with many people working nowadays while they are studying and vice versa. Some of them are doing domain relevant jobs and some are doing unrelated jobs. In both cases, it is all amazing experience, but there are many problems that working students face. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of these problems, and some solutions for these problems are suggested for these problems. The data for this research is collected by conducting surveys and interviews of working students of different ages and domain, analyzing their experiences regarding study and work. The way of approach is a deep analysis of their age, experience, the domain of work and study and their personal suggestions. This research can help all those students who are still studying and working and who will have to work and study together in future to tackle these problems to make their study life easy and more beneficial. This research is done on smaller scale, it can be done on a broader scale in future.

Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative method, this study explored the lived experiences and struggles of 22 on-campus working students of ISAT U-Miagao Campus. This study utilized a researcher-constructed questionnaire and interview in gathering information about their experiences and related variables. Frequency count, percentage, mean, and chi-square were used as statistical tools. Results revealed that financial problem was the main factor that motivated the students to work on-campus. They experienced varied feelings as happiness, sadness, annoyance, and worry. Despite work pressure, working students had good time management both for studies and work, with high self-esteem and good academic performance. The study concluded that participants' dual roles in the college as full time student and worker, do not seem to affect their self-esteem and academic performance, however, there is a need to consider helping these students, especially on their financial needs for them to finish their studies.

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Social Work Research Topics & Tips on Finding and Distinguishing Good Ones

Updated 01 Jul 2024

Social work research is the systematic investigation of problems pertaining to the social work field. Alternatively, it can be defined as the application of research methods for addressing/solving problems confronted by social workers in their practice.

Major research areas include studying concepts, theories, principles, underlying methods, employees’ skills and their interaction with individuals and groups as well as internal processes, functioning principles within social entities. For a more specific selection of social work research topics, go to the appropriate section within this article.

Social work is ultimately focused on practical application, hence, the ultimate goal of social work research is understanding the efficacy of various intervention methods aimed at alleviating the conditions of people suffering from social deprivation – this highlights the importance presented by both the field and its associated research. For such difficult topics, you may ask yourself "can I pay someone to write my research paper " - and our professional team is here to help you.

Signs of Good Research Topics

Of all social work research questions, how could one distinguish the ones holding the greatest value or potential? Considering these signs could increase the chances of picking higher quality or more productive social work topics:

Chosen topics are backed up by one or more published studies by research teams from the US or from abroad with solid article-related citation metrics, typically published in prestigious peer-reviewed academic journals (journals with high impact factor).
Social work research topics in question are related to practice – theoretical research is very important, but nothing beats practical knowledge and efficient practical intervention methods and strategies. However, this aspect might depend on other circumstances as well (for students, for instance, theoretical topics are fairly acceptable). To ensure a successful research proposal in the field of social work, consider utilizing research proposal writing services .
Social work research topics are breaking certain stereotypes. People are inclined towards topics that break preconceived notions – such topics naturally receive greater attention. If they bring solid evidence and reasonable arguments while providing/promising real benefits, such topics can simply revolutionize the field.
Chosen social work research topics match current trends. Don’t understand us wrong – not everything that is trendy deserves attention (many things are overhyped). However, trends do have a sound reason for emerging (there is normally value behind the forces driving them). Moreover, delving into a field/topic that has only been recently established often gives significant advantages (career-wise). So watch out for trends in your research field closely, but always scrutinize them for what they are worth.

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Where Can You Find Perfect Topics?

When exploring education research topics or searching for social worker research topics, it might prove useful to follow a few proven strategies (which are equally valid for many other occasions):

Skim through your study literature (e.g. handbooks, course notes) – this is material you already studied, but going through it might help you to systematically visualize all studied topics or subtopics (these can suggest new ideas).
Brainstorming. Access your knowledge base – chances are you have a few interesting topics stored in mind that you’d like to explore in greater detail.
Browse through published article titles in social work journals or, even better, study newsletters/highlights on journal websites. Alternatively, one could search on platforms aggregating field-related news from multiple journals.– while some articles/topics might be overly complicated or specific, these still offer an immense choice.
Browse online for ready research topics for a custom research paper from our research paper writing service – skimming through such lists would bombard you with topics of appropriate complexity and scope /broadness or would inspire new related ideas (e.g. by combining elements from different topics).

Yet another way to pick a good topic is to get research paper writing help from our professional writers – they would manage all aspects, including that of choosing an original and solid topic (obviously, you might be willing to confirm it, before proceeding with your writing project).

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100 Social Work Research Topics

Below is a comprehensive social work research topics list to help get you started with your project.

50 Controversial Research Topics

Group therapy vs individual therapy for increasing autistic children adaptability
Impact on parents having children with autism spectrum disorder.
Role play vs group discussion efficiency in increasing knowledge regarding drug abuse among high-school students.
Addressing the stigma associated with depression.
Measures to counteract condemning stereotypes with regard to depression (explaining and highlighting the biological mechanisms underlying it)
Identifying individuals with suicide predisposition serving in military units.
Life events role in PTSD onset in veterans.
Strategies to prevent PTSD onset in US army veterans.
Social inclusion measures for war veterans.
Most efficient strategies for suicide prevention in academic setting.
Categories are most vulnerable to drug abuse.
Most efficient educational measures to prevent future drug abuse in children
Myths about substance abuse among adolescents.
Family support importance for alcohol addicts rehabilitation.
Workaholics – new type of addicts. Impact on personal and family lives.
Mental retardation in Alzheimer’s disease – how to cope with it as a family member?
Promoting integration for children with Down syndrome.
General considerations for working with children with developmental disabilities.
Educating society with regard to dyslexic children (all target groups could be considered: parents, classmates, teachers, etc.)
Dyslexia cases combined with ADHD – how to approach it?
Dismounting common myths about dyslexia.
Counteracting bullying aimed at dyslexic children.
Early intervention benefits to address language difficulties in case of dyslexic children.
What role should educators, parents, schools, mental health centers, private practice have in addressing dyslexia?
Key prerequisites for building resilience to adverse life events in children
Strategies for building resilience in welfare workers.
Who is responsible for developing resilience in social workers?
Self-help guidelines for social workers to become resilient.
Most common problems encountered by LGBT youth in US schools.
Arming LGBT individuals with coping strategies to face discrimination.
The situation with juvenile delinquents across various US states.
Rationale behind separating juvenile delinquents from adult delinquents.
Factors contributing to high youth incarceration rate in certain US states (Wyoming, Nebraska, South Dakota).
Most efficient reeducation strategies for juvenile delinquents.
Society inclusion measures for people that served in prison.
Coping with the stigma of having served in prison.
Attitudes of welfare workers towards incarcerated individuals.
Attitudes of correctional officers towards mental health of incarcerated individuals.
Gender differences relevance when working with incarcerated people.
Factors increasing the risk of recidivism in released prisoners.
Incarceration impacts on parent-child relationships.
Incarceration effects on mental health.
Social inclusion role and family support in preventing recidivism by former prisoners.
Circumstances associated with the highest risk of becoming a human trafficking victim.
Ethical rules important when working with human trafficking victims.
Trauma characteristic depiction for human trafficking victims.
What is considered neglecting a child in child welfare?
Prerequisites of a safe childhood and a functional family.
Dealing with child abuse in orphanages.
Types of child maltreatment/abuse.

50 Hot Research Topics for Social Work Students

Difference in approaching children vs adolescents suffering from domestic violence.
Success stories in preventing child abuse in certain regions/states.
Strategies to encourage women to report domestic violence cases.
Damage to families with ongoing domestic violence.
Healing steps for victims of domestic violence.
Effects of child neglect on later academic performance and career.
Removing a child from a setting – when is it justified?
Guidelines on providing testimony in court as a social worker
Peculiarities of social work in health care assistance.
Grief counseling for families that lost a loved one.
Understanding the symptoms of grief.
Risk factors for dangerous grief.
Conduct/communication rules with persons in grief.
Types of elder abuse. Which are the most common ones?
Predictors of elder abuse (related to relationships within families, financial, status).
The integrative concept of human services.
The utility of mentoring programs in social care.
Work with elders experiencing cognitive impairment.
Peculiarities of working with immigrants in social care.
Considerations for working with HIV positive people.
Social research topics about homeless people.
Primary factors contributing to homelessness.
Challenges faced by social care assistants in working with sexually exploited clients belonging to the opposite gender.
Meeting unique needs of sexually exploited children.
Compassion fatigue experienced by welfare worker.
Challenges experienced by single parents and support strategies
Problem of getting medical help when belonging to vulnerable categories
Is there place for spirituality in welfare worker?
Religious beliefs obstructing welfare worker.
Support strategies for low-income families having children with impaired development.
Retrospective views and youth opinions on foster care facilities they have gone through.
Key wishes/demands expressed by foster care facility residents
Strategies employed by welfare worker to avoid burnout.
Importance of building emotional intelligence as welfare worker.
Discussing sexual health with mentally ill or retarded clients.
Spirituality and faith as an essential element in many addiction rehabilitation programs.
Attitude towards older people among welfare workers.
Factors responsible for reluctance to benefit from mental health services among certain population groups.
Differences in working with adolescent and adult drug abusers.
Factors affecting foster youth that impact their higher education retention rate.
Language barrier as an obstructing factor for minorities in benefiting from mental health services.
Cultural competence as social work research topic
Pre and post birth assistance to surrogate mothers. Evaluating impact on mental health.
Challenges and issues arising in families with adoptive children.
Play therapy interventions effectiveness in school-based counseling.
Mental health in hemodialysis patients and corresponding support strategies.
Importance presented by recreational activities for patients with Alzheimer’s.
Intimacy impact on the outcome of group therapy practices for alcohol addiction.
Mental health care outcomes in pedophilia victims.
Alternative practices in social work.

Read also: Get excellent grades with the help of online research paper maker.

Found Topic But No Time For Writing?

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10 creative research topics for students (2024)

Last updated

25 November 2023

Reviewed by

Miroslav Damyanov

Research is a key part of student life, but deciding which topic to research can take time and effort. The right research topic typically aligns with your skills and interests, has current relevance, and can positively impact the world.

In this article, you’ll find some helpful examples to help you get started.

What is a research topic, and what is it for?

Research topics enable students to drill down into a specific aspect of a subject to broaden their knowledge and share learnings with others. They are typically used to make discoveries or develop fresh viewpoints.

A research topic defines the specific theme that research will be conducted around. It’s essential for providing a key focus for the work to be completed. Ultimately, it defines a core problem or knowledge gap that needs to be solved.

A clear topic helps define what is being studied and how that information will be communicated to others.

Research topic vs. research question

A research topic is a broad theme of focus that requires further investigation. It’s the project’s overall subject—an aspect of which will be studied.

A research topic example could be “The effects of meditation on stress reduction.”

A research question is a specific inquiry that researchers want to investigate and answer to broaden their knowledge and make new discoveries. Research questions are much more specific, focusing on a very small aspect of the overall topic.

The right research question will specifically set out what is being researched so there is no ambiguity.

Here’s an example of a research question within the topic: “How does meditation impact stress, anxiety, and burnout in the workplace?”

What makes a good research paper topic?

Here are the characteristics that make some topics more favorable and useful than others:

Clarity: a helpful research topic should be clearly understood to ensure the integrity of the research. It should be clear to the student and mentor/professor what the topic is and how it will be explored.

Originality: answering questions that have already been researched and answered many times before could be a waste of resources. Answering original questions is key to getting the most out of research. This might involve researching topics that have already been covered from a different angle or exploring an entirely new topic.

Relevance: it’s helpful to ensure that a research topic is related to your expertise and your access to resources. This will ensure that the research topic is relevant to you.

Ethical : ethics should always be considered when conducting research. Your research shouldn’t cause physical or mental harm to any participants. You should also consider animal and environmental ethics.

How can I choose a good topic for my research paper?

With so many topics to choose from, selecting a topic for your research paper can be overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to consider these three points to make the best choice:

1. Lean into personal interest

Being interested and experienced in a particular field will make the research more interesting, relevant, and straightforward to conduct.

Your interest will mean you’re committed and motivated to discover the answer to your research question. Being personally engaged also makes the process more enjoyable.

One caveat to keep in mind is the potential for bias. If you are invested in the research having a particular result, you must ensure it’s accurate, double-checked, and reviewed by an impartial party.

2. Choose a topic with enough information

Your research project might fail if you don’t have access to sufficient information and resources. There needs to be enough information to gain deep insights into the research at hand.

Consider the resources you have within your project limits. If your research has funding, carefully work out what that funding could be used for. If not, you may need to consider research that you’ll be able to complete with access to public records and other free resources.

Timings, finances, access to participants, and publicly accessible information will all need to be considered before choosing the final topic to research.

3. Consider the guidelines

You’ll need to adhere to the specific guidelines that your school, mentor, or professor have laid out. They may request that the topic be related to public interest, a currently challenging topic for the environment, or another parameter.

When considering those guidelines, make ethical considerations. Your school or university is unlikely to permit unethical research.

How to find research topics to write about

Even though there’s an endless range of topics to research, you might not know where to begin. Starting with background reading, mind mapping, and speaking with mentors can help mold general ideas into useful topics and questions.

Extensive reading: completing background reading of educational databases, journals, and scientific studies can help provide a good working knowledge of what is currently being researched and identify key gaps.

Social problems: current challenges on both a local and global scale can make excellent research questions. Whether it’s investigating climate change, human health, or the impact of pandemics, there’s likely to be large human interest if you research social problems and challenges. The research you conduct may even have a positive impact on the world around you.

Mind mapping: brainstorming different ideas inspired by your background reading and personal interests can lead to ideal research topics. Create a large mind map, whether in a notebook or on a whiteboard, to get all your ideas down on paper. You may be surprised at what unique ideas you come up with.

Speak to mentors: running topics over with your professor or mentor could prove very helpful. They may be able to help you refine your ideas, provide feedback on research questions, and offer useful suggestions to ensure the topic you pick is appropriate.

The top 10 research topics for students

Here are some of the top 10 research topics and research areas for students. Whether in high school, senior high school, or college, these topics are important and relevant for students today.

You might use these ideas as starting points for your own original research topics and research questions.

1. High school research paper topic ideas

Research topics in high school can promote critical thinking , personal growth, and problem-solving skills.

Some of the most relevant research topics for high schoolers revolve around social and political issues, as those are often core topics within the school curriculum. Also, students are often interested in how they can positively impact the world around them, so topics within social change and social issues are particularly relevant.

The impacts of bullying

Bullying and its impacts are an interesting and relevant topic for high school students. Students may want to consider ways to mitigate bullying or explore whether bullying can affect people long-term.

Some specific research questions within the bullying topic are:

What is the evidence that parental support can alleviate the impact of bullying in schools?

What are the effects of bullying and victimization on short-term mental health?

How can we predict adolescents’ bullying participation and understand the participant roles of bullying in different grades?

Social media in high schools

With social media use prolific in the modern world, students may be particularly interested to learn about how it impacts humans. Students may want to research the effects of different social media types, ways to reduce social media use, or how social media is impacting people around the world.

Some topics within social media could be:

Is there a correlation between social media use and academic performance?

What are the effects of social media use on mental health in people aged 12–18?

How does social media use affect self-esteem in students?

2. Psychology research paper topics

Psychology is a broadly studied topic with many possible avenues for exploration. Whether you’d like to understand how the human brain works, ways to boost mental health, or treatment options in psychology, there are endless options.

Here are some of the top 10 research topics for college students in psychology:

Increasing happiness

Some specific research questions related to happiness include the following:

What are the factors driving the fear of leaning into happiness in American society?

How can practicing vulnerability reduce stress and boost happiness?

What impact does forest bathing have on overall mood scores?

Mitigating anxiety

With 37% of US adults more anxious in 2023 than in 2022, anxiety as a research topic is very relevant.

Below are some example research questions:

How does chronic anxiety impact people’s day-to-day lives?

What is the impact of meditation interventions on anxiety?

Is there data to support physical exercise interventions for anxiety disorders?

3. Science research paper topics

Scientific research covers many study fields. From biology and chemistry to physics and biochemistry, science helps researchers discover critical information about humans and our world.

Here are a few potential topics for exploration:

Reducing pandemic risk

Given the impact of COVID-19, mitigating the risk of a future pandemic is of significant human interest. A student may look at ways to improve pandemic responses, identify future pandemics, boost vaccine adoption, and reduce the spread of misinformation.

Specific research questions include the following:

How can AI help predict future pandemics?

How does animal breeding contribute to zoonotic disease risk?

What are the key ways to identify and control a potential future pandemic before it becomes widespread?

Renewable energy

With climate change and the planet’s health a major concern for many scientists, investigations into more environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources are of great social interest.

Here are some research questions about renewable energy to consider:

What is the economic feasibility of widespread renewable energy use across the US?

How could wind, water, and solar energy reduce global emissions?

What are the core factors preventing the widespread use of renewable energy?

4. Good environmental research topics

Climate change impacts every person on the planet, so it can make an excellent research topic. Particularly for the younger generation, climate change is an interesting and often concerning discussion topic. Gen Z, for example, speaks much more actively about climate change both on and offline.

Climate change on a global scale

Some specific research questions within the climate change topic are:

What is the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest?

What impact could the use of solar power have in the US in relation to carbon emissions?

How do carbon dioxide emissions affect ocean acidity levels?

5. Argumentative research paper topics

Setting out a specific argument and exploring the topic can make for interesting research. Argumentative research topics are typically related to human interest, issues that impact us on a global scale, or challenges that particular social groups face.

Affirmative action

With rising interest in equality, researching affirmative action—designed to prevent the impacts of discrimination—is a relevant research topic for high school and college students.

Some specific questions relating to affirmative action could be:

Does affirmative action promote equality in the workplace?

What is the evidence that affirmative action is helpful in university admissions?

How has the affirmative action ban impacted the tech industry?

The ethical use of AI

AI use is expanding rapidly across the globe, so there’s growing interest in its impacts and the need for ethical usage.

Some research questions relating to AI include the following:

Could AI lead to more global conflict?

Can ethical legislation reduce the risk of AI and its implementation?

How many jobs could be impacted by AI in 2025?

6. Human rights paper topics

Human rights impact everyone on the planet, so it’s a topic that’s of continual interest.

Research in this area could cover human rights in the workplace, privacy rights, gender equality, and much more.

International human rights

International human rights is a complex yet critical area of global interest. Human rights help protect people’s freedom and safety around the world.

What are ways to reduce human rights violations in conflict zones?

What is the impact of organizations such as Amnesty International on international human rights?

In what ways can governments enforce human rights globally?

LGBTQI+ rights

With LGBTQI+ issues gaining a brighter spotlight in mainstream media, research into this area can be very beneficial, not just for those impacted by discrimination but for society as a whole.

Here are some potential research questions:

How can gender dysphoria impact transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents’ mental health and quality of life?

What are ways to boost mental health for those who experience discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity?

How could genderless bathrooms increase access and safety for LGBTQI+ people?

7. US history research paper topics

The US has a vast and interesting history, which forms part of the curriculum in many high schools and colleges. Different aspects of this history can make relevant fields of research, such as the following:

What factors that led to the abolishment of slavery in the US are relevant in politics today?

How did the Founding Fathers shape the US political system, and what can be learned?

Why did the Louisiana Purchase have such a significant impact on US history?

8. Law enforcement research topics

Maintaining law and order in society is highly complex. Exploring how law enforcement can benefit society as a whole can be a rewarding field of study.

Some possible law enforcement topics include the following:

How can data analysis and intelligence-led policing reduce crime?

What is the role of Crisis Intervention Training in policing?

How can data improve the enforcement of cybersecurity laws?

9. Business research paper topics

Business is a broad area of study with many possible directions for research papers. Business drives the economy, providing jobs and industry. It’s the cornerstone of society, so research in this area is always of social interest.

Here are some possible business research topics to consider:

How can data analysis impact consumer purchasing decisions?

What are some of the key dilemmas in ethical business practices?

How can diversity and inclusion be boosted in the workforce?

10. Economics research paper topics

Whether you choose to focus on microeconomics, macroeconomics, or applied fields, economics research can take you in many directions.

Below are some general economics paper topics:

What are the widespread impacts of the gig economy?

How can investing in female-founded businesses impact economies in developing countries?

How does progressive taxation impact income inequality?

It all starts with the right research question

Successful research starts with the right question, regardless of your chosen topic.

Taking time to pose a relevant and clear research question will help you discover new insights, learnings, and evidence.

Research is the very thing that drives human knowledge. Remember, your research might not just impact you but also the world and people around you.

How can I get research ideas?

To come up with research ideas, you might find it helpful to do some background reading, consider current social issues, lean into your skills and interests, and speak to a mentor or professor. Brainstorming and mind mapping can also help.

What is a good research question?

A good research question should be clear, relevant, original, and ethical. You should also have access to the necessary resources to perform the research thoroughly.

How do I create a title for my research topic?

The right title for a research topic is clear and relevant to your field of study. Ideally, it’s an original idea and refers to the specific question you’re posing.

What are some good qualitative research topics?

Qualitative research involves analyzing people’s attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.

There are qualitative research topics across almost every field of study, including psychology, education, social sciences, human resources, technology, and healthcare.

What qualitative research topics can be good for STEM students?

For STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students, qualitative research topics could revolve around social impacts and perceptions of science and technology.

Here are some examples:

How the general population views climate change

The potential social impacts of AI

How to use Big Data ethically

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Home » 500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

Table of Contents

Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships among variables. This method is widely used in social sciences, psychology , economics , and other fields where researchers aim to understand human behavior and phenomena through statistical analysis. If you are looking for a quantitative research topic, there are numerous areas to explore, from analyzing data on a specific population to studying the effects of a particular intervention or treatment. In this post, we will provide some ideas for quantitative research topics that may inspire you and help you narrow down your interests.

Quantitative Research Titles

Quantitative Research Titles are as follows:

Business and Economics

“Statistical Analysis of Supply Chain Disruptions on Retail Sales”
“Quantitative Examination of Consumer Loyalty Programs in the Fast Food Industry”
“Predicting Stock Market Trends Using Machine Learning Algorithms”
“Influence of Workplace Environment on Employee Productivity: A Quantitative Study”
“Impact of Economic Policies on Small Businesses: A Regression Analysis”
“Customer Satisfaction and Profit Margins: A Quantitative Correlation Study”
“Analyzing the Role of Marketing in Brand Recognition: A Statistical Overview”
“Quantitative Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust”
“Price Elasticity of Demand for Luxury Goods: A Case Study”
“The Relationship Between Fiscal Policy and Inflation Rates: A Time-Series Analysis”
“Factors Influencing E-commerce Conversion Rates: A Quantitative Exploration”
“Examining the Correlation Between Interest Rates and Consumer Spending”
“Standardized Testing and Academic Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation”
“Teaching Strategies and Student Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools: A Quantitative Study”
“The Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities and Academic Success”
“Influence of Parental Involvement on Children’s Educational Achievements”
“Digital Literacy in Primary Schools: A Quantitative Assessment”
“Learning Outcomes in Blended vs. Traditional Classrooms: A Comparative Analysis”
“Correlation Between Teacher Experience and Student Success Rates”
“Analyzing the Impact of Classroom Technology on Reading Comprehension”
“Gender Differences in STEM Fields: A Quantitative Analysis of Enrollment Data”
“The Relationship Between Homework Load and Academic Burnout”
“Assessment of Special Education Programs in Public Schools”
“Role of Peer Tutoring in Improving Academic Performance: A Quantitative Study”

Medicine and Health Sciences

“The Impact of Sleep Duration on Cardiovascular Health: A Cross-sectional Study”
“Analyzing the Efficacy of Various Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis”
“Patient Satisfaction in Telehealth Services: A Quantitative Assessment”
“Dietary Habits and Incidence of Heart Disease: A Quantitative Review”
“Correlations Between Stress Levels and Immune System Functioning”
“Smoking and Lung Function: A Quantitative Analysis”
“Influence of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Older Adults”
“Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Community Hospitals: A Quantitative Study”
“The Efficacy of Vaccination Programs in Controlling Disease Spread: A Time-Series Analysis”
“Role of Social Determinants in Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Exploration”
“Impact of Hospital Design on Patient Recovery Rates”
“Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Choices and Obesity Rates in Children”

Social Sciences

“Examining Social Inequality through Wage Distribution: A Quantitative Study”
“Impact of Parental Divorce on Child Development: A Longitudinal Study”
“Social Media and its Effect on Political Polarization: A Quantitative Analysis”
“The Relationship Between Religion and Social Attitudes: A Statistical Overview”
“Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Achievement”
“Quantifying the Effects of Community Programs on Crime Reduction”
“Public Opinion and Immigration Policies: A Quantitative Exploration”
“Analyzing the Gender Representation in Political Offices: A Quantitative Study”
“Impact of Mass Media on Public Opinion: A Regression Analysis”
“Influence of Urban Design on Social Interactions in Communities”
“The Role of Social Support in Mental Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Analysis”
“Examining the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Employment Status”

Engineering and Technology

“Performance Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in Autonomous Vehicles”
“Material Science: A Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Strain Properties in Various Alloys”
“Impacts of Data Center Cooling Solutions on Energy Consumption”
“Analyzing the Reliability of Renewable Energy Sources in Grid Management”
“Optimization of 5G Network Performance: A Quantitative Assessment”
“Quantifying the Effects of Aerodynamics on Fuel Efficiency in Commercial Airplanes”
“The Relationship Between Software Complexity and Bug Frequency”
“Machine Learning in Predictive Maintenance: A Quantitative Analysis”
“Wearable Technologies and their Impact on Healthcare Monitoring”
“Quantitative Assessment of Cybersecurity Measures in Financial Institutions”
“Analysis of Noise Pollution from Urban Transportation Systems”
“The Influence of Architectural Design on Energy Efficiency in Buildings”

Quantitative Research Topics

Quantitative Research Topics are as follows:

The effects of social media on self-esteem among teenagers.
A comparative study of academic achievement among students of single-sex and co-educational schools.
The impact of gender on leadership styles in the workplace.
The correlation between parental involvement and academic performance of students.
The effect of mindfulness meditation on stress levels in college students.
The relationship between employee motivation and job satisfaction.
The effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning.
The correlation between sleep duration and academic performance among college students.
The impact of exercise on mental health among adults.
The relationship between social support and psychological well-being among cancer patients.
The effect of caffeine consumption on sleep quality.
A comparative study of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depression.
The relationship between physical attractiveness and job opportunities.
The correlation between smartphone addiction and academic performance among high school students.
The impact of music on memory recall among adults.
The effectiveness of parental control software in limiting children’s online activity.
The relationship between social media use and body image dissatisfaction among young adults.
The correlation between academic achievement and parental involvement among minority students.
The impact of early childhood education on academic performance in later years.
The effectiveness of employee training and development programs in improving organizational performance.
The relationship between socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services.
The correlation between social support and academic achievement among college students.
The impact of technology on communication skills among children.
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction programs in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
The relationship between employee turnover and organizational culture.
The correlation between job satisfaction and employee engagement.
The impact of video game violence on aggressive behavior among children.
The effectiveness of nutritional education in promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents.
The relationship between bullying and academic performance among middle school students.
The correlation between teacher expectations and student achievement.
The impact of gender stereotypes on career choices among high school students.
The effectiveness of anger management programs in reducing violent behavior.
The relationship between social support and recovery from substance abuse.
The correlation between parent-child communication and adolescent drug use.
The impact of technology on family relationships.
The effectiveness of smoking cessation programs in promoting long-term abstinence.
The relationship between personality traits and academic achievement.
The correlation between stress and job performance among healthcare professionals.
The impact of online privacy concerns on social media use.
The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders.
The relationship between teacher feedback and student motivation.
The correlation between physical activity and academic performance among elementary school students.
The impact of parental divorce on academic achievement among children.
The effectiveness of diversity training in improving workplace relationships.
The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health.
The correlation between parental involvement and substance abuse among adolescents.
The impact of social media use on romantic relationships among young adults.
The effectiveness of assertiveness training in improving communication skills.
The relationship between parental expectations and academic achievement among high school students.
The correlation between sleep quality and mood among adults.
The impact of video game addiction on academic performance among college students.
The effectiveness of group therapy in treating eating disorders.
The relationship between job stress and job performance among teachers.
The correlation between mindfulness and emotional regulation.
The impact of social media use on self-esteem among college students.
The effectiveness of parent-teacher communication in promoting academic achievement among elementary school students.
The impact of renewable energy policies on carbon emissions
The relationship between employee motivation and job performance
The effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating eating disorders
The correlation between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults
The effect of childhood poverty on adult health outcomes
The impact of urbanization on biodiversity conservation
The relationship between work-life balance and employee job satisfaction
The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma
The correlation between parenting styles and child behavior
The effect of social media on political polarization
The impact of foreign aid on economic development
The relationship between workplace diversity and organizational performance
The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating borderline personality disorder
The correlation between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes
The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function
The impact of trade policies on international trade and economic growth
The relationship between employee engagement and organizational commitment
The effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating postpartum depression
The correlation between family meals and child obesity rates
The effect of parental involvement in sports on child athletic performance
The impact of social entrepreneurship on sustainable development
The relationship between emotional labor and job burnout
The effectiveness of art therapy in treating dementia
The correlation between social media use and academic procrastination
The effect of poverty on childhood educational attainment
The impact of urban green spaces on mental health
The relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being
The effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy in treating anxiety disorders
The correlation between childhood trauma and substance abuse
The effect of screen time on children’s social skills
The impact of trade unions on employee job satisfaction
The relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural communication
The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating chronic pain
The correlation between childhood obesity and adult health outcomes
The effect of gender diversity on corporate performance
The impact of environmental regulations on industry competitiveness.
The impact of renewable energy policies on greenhouse gas emissions
The relationship between workplace diversity and team performance
The effectiveness of group therapy in treating substance abuse
The correlation between parental involvement and social skills in early childhood
The effect of technology use on sleep patterns
The impact of government regulations on small business growth
The relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover
The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating anxiety disorders
The correlation between parental involvement and academic motivation in adolescents
The effect of social media on political engagement
The impact of urbanization on mental health
The relationship between corporate social responsibility and consumer trust
The correlation between early childhood education and social-emotional development
The effect of screen time on cognitive development in young children
The impact of trade policies on global economic growth
The relationship between workplace diversity and innovation
The effectiveness of family therapy in treating eating disorders
The correlation between parental involvement and college persistence
The effect of social media on body image and self-esteem
The impact of environmental regulations on business competitiveness
The relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction
The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating phobias
The correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement in college
The effect of social media on sleep quality
The impact of immigration policies on social integration
The relationship between workplace diversity and employee well-being
The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating personality disorders
The correlation between early childhood education and executive function skills
The effect of parental involvement on STEM education outcomes
The impact of trade policies on domestic employment rates
The relationship between job insecurity and mental health
The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating PTSD
The correlation between parental involvement and social mobility
The effect of social media on intergroup relations
The impact of urbanization on air pollution and respiratory health.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression
The correlation between early childhood education and language development
The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in STEM fields
The impact of trade policies on income inequality
The relationship between workplace diversity and customer satisfaction
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy in treating anxiety disorders
The correlation between parental involvement and civic engagement in adolescents
The effect of social media on mental health among teenagers
The impact of public transportation policies on traffic congestion
The relationship between job stress and job performance
The effectiveness of group therapy in treating depression
The correlation between early childhood education and cognitive development
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Published: 01 March 2022

A quantitative study on the impact of working environment on the well-being of teachers in China’s private colleges

Jinping Chen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9591-7983 1 , 2 ,
Hongyan Cheng 1 ,
Dan Zhao 3 ,
Fuyu Zhou 2 &
Yuan Chen 2

Scientific Reports volume 12 , Article number: 3417 ( 2022 ) Cite this article

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Environmental social sciences

Teacher well-being is a prominent issue in policy and public debates. Those teachers working in private schools deserve concern given concerns about their working environment. Focus of this study: to learn about the level and main characteristics of teacher well-being in private schools and to explore the impact of working environment on their well-being. Methodology: The data were collected via an online questionnaire among 1161 language teachers at 58 China’s private colleges in 22 provinces, and were quantitatively analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Findings: These teachers have an intermediate level of overall well-being. Performance evaluation, student academic foundation, and pressure of research work are the main negative impacting factors; while social support from leaders and colleagues, work autonomy, training and development opportunities, and appraisal feedback guide are key resources enhancing their well-being. Discussions: The impacting factors of working environment on teacher well-being in private schools are unique due to the special scenarios. Implications: The results of this study may apply to similar private schools, suggesting pertinent stakeholders to take targeted measures, to guarantee enough economic input into running school, and to put democratic and professional leadership into practice for promoting teacher well-being in the private education sector.

Teachers’ perceived work ability: a qualitative exploration using the Job Demands-Resources model

Beyond occupational exhaustion: exploring the influence of positive meaningful work on teachers’ psychoemotional well-being in the digital age

Distributed leadership, self-efficacy and wellbeing in schools: A study of relations among teachers in Shanghai

Introduction.

In the current context of teaching profession characterized by high levels of burnout and teacher attrition, teachers’ well-being has become a prominent issue in policy and public debates. It is widely suggested that teachers’ well-being plays a critical role in their abilities to teach effectively and creatively in classrooms 1 , 2 , to build good relationships with students, to enhance student achievement and well-being 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and to promote the whole school effectiveness 6 . Hence, to improve teacher well-being should be a primary objective of educational leaders. In terms of well-being, teachers working in the private sector suffer additional difficulties compared with those working in public schools, like worse working conditions 7 , less opportunities for mid-career studies and research training 8 , and even low respect from students 9 . Their well-being is defined by the business model character of the private sector particularly in terms of working conditions 10 , so it deserves more concerns. However, existing relevant studies are mainly about the well-being of teachers in public schools, and most studies on this topic regard teacher well-being as a single concept or focus on teachers’ subjective well-being. Furthermore, the samples of most research on this topic come from European countries, the United States and Australia; but the working environment of teachers varies from countries to countries and from school types to school types. Until now, there are few publications to investigate teacher well-being in private schools, which account for a unique and important part of educational system. Hence, there is still a gap of knowledge about teacher well-being, especially those in private schools and those from different cultures and countries. Teacher well-being is a complex concept consisting of different dimensions, and is impacted with a wide range of factors which are different in different types of schools and in different countries. More studies are needed to know more about teacher well-being in private schools, its shaping factors and promoting measures, as types of privatization of education and the roles of private schools vary from country to country. This study aims to contribute to the literature via exploring the impacting factors of teacher well-being in private schools in China with the multi-dimensional concept of teacher well-being, and to provide evidence-based directions for practice. The central research question is “what is the unique working environment in terms of job demands and job resources impacting the well-being of teachers in private schools”, which will be addressed via an online questionnaire survey and quantitative statistical analyses.

Generally speaking, teacher well-being is impacted with a wide array of factors of four kinds, i.e. the individual (i.g. character, resilience, adaptability, and self-efficacy) 11 , 12 , organizational (i.g. school type, school size, school location, and working environment ) 13 , 14 , institutional (i.g. earnings, labor market security, and career structure) 15 , 16 , social and cultural (i.g. expectations, values, and legislation) 17 . Recently, more and more studies highlight the quality of the working environment and identify it as a major driver of teachers’ well-being and an important predictor of teachers’ job satisfaction 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 . A study based on American national data finds that school environment exerts substantial influence on teachers’ job satisfaction 22 , and empirical evidence from private universities in Bangladesh also concludes that working environment in schools is a determinant of teachers’ job satisfaction 7 . Hence, to take intervention measures to promote teacher well-being, school working environment has become the focus of concerns.

To analyze the working environment at the school level, job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, which emerged in recent years as one of the most influential conceptual frameworks for interpreting and explaining factors affecting employees’ well-being in the workplace, provides an effective theoretical framework. One of the strengths of the JD-R theory is its ability to link key contextual factors to well-being in a dual process model. In this theory, job demands are the physical, social or organizational aspects of the job that entail physical and/or psychological costs from teachers 13 , while job resources are conversely the physical, psychological, social or organizational aspects of the job that stimulate personal growth, learning and development, and help achieve work goals and reduce job demands 23 . Employed for research on teacher well-being, this JD-R model, by comparing the impact of job demands and job resources, allows for insights into how teacher well-being is impacted at organizational level and for analysis of the guiding interventions to maximize teacher well-being. Existing research about teacher well-being has identified some significant indicators for job demands and job resources. For job demands, they are workload 24 , which measured mainly through yearly teaching hours and research work (especially for college teachers) 25 , time pressure, which is usually measured with daily working hours 26 , classroom composition, which is reflected in class size and student differences 27 , and performance evaluation 28 ; For job resources, they are work autonomy 29 , 30 , development opportunities 26 , appraisal feedback guide 23 , 24 , 30 , social support from leaders and colleagues 21 , 24 .

To explore the impact of working environment on teacher well-being in private schools, this study makes a survey about the level and main characteristics of their well-being, and the perceived working environment in two aspects of job demands and job resources in private schools, and then makes quantitative analyses. For the general design of a quantitative survey study, theoretical hypotheses will firstly be drawn from past research, applied questions or theories. According to the JD-R model of working environment, we hypothesize that job demands serve as negative factors and job resources as positive factors. More specifically, based on above-mentioned existing literature about the significant job demands and job resources impacting teacher well-being, we hypothesize that: (H1) heavier teaching and research workload and time pressure, more students and lower level of base knowledge in a class, and more stressful performance evaluation decrease teacher well-being; (H2) more work autonomy, satisfying development opportunities and helpful appraisal feedback guide, and stronger social support from leaders and colleagues enhance teacher well-being. The quantitative analyses will validate the hypotheses and identify the impacting factors of working environment on teacher well-being in private schools. As for the conceptual framework of teacher well-being, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines it in four dimensions of cognitive well-being, subjective well-being, physical/mental well-being, and social well-being 31 , so we will consider teacher well-being both in overall well-being and in the four dimensions as well in order to make an in-depth exploration of teacher well-being in private schools and its impacting factors in terms of working environment.

For the general design of a quantitative survey study, theoretical hypotheses will firstly be drawn, and then a survey will usually be conducted with appropriate samples and measurement instruments, and then the hypotheses will be validated through quantitative statistical analyses with the data. For this specific study, two aforementioned hypotheses have been created; then a survey is conducted online with convenient sampling in China’s private colleges and the measurement instruments by OECD; then the two hypotheses are validated with data to find the unique impacting factors of working environment on the well-being of teachers in private schools, with discussions of the results in the end.

Participants

In this study, online survey and convenient sampling are used to select the participants, which are language teachers in China’s private colleges. The selection method is as follows. To conduct the survey, we firstly designed the questionnaire on a popular online survey website called Questionnaire Star ( https://www.wjx.cn/ ) in China to get a link for access. We also set a password for entry to avoid hacker visits. Then we began to contact deans of foreign language college/department at private colleges across the country. The first author of this study, also a dean at a private college for many years, got to know many other deans at past national conferences. With help from various sources, he sent the link to 60 schools and got active response from 58, which are located in 22 provinces/municipalities across mainland China. The 58 deans then forwarded the link to their teachers in their working QQ group or Wechat group. Teachers filled in the questionnaire on the smartphone, PC or tablet voluntarily and anonymously. The survey was conducted during January of 2021 before the end of the school semester. Finally, we collected 1161 questionnaires from full-time teachers affiliated only to private colleges, which are all complete and valid. Table 1 lists the teachers’ profiles. As can be seen, this group of teachers are primarily females (83.81%), with education degree of master (83.98%), academic titles of lecturer (53.14%), associate professor (24.46%) and assistant (20.67%), and teaching years below 20 (95.01%). The sample features are very close to those descriptions in previous literature 8 , 32 , 33 . The steps of selecting participants accord with the requirements of quantitative study, and the demographic proportions of participants can stand for the whole body as described in previous surveys; hence the participants in this study are reasonable and acceptable.

Instruments

We adopt the questionnaire of “PISA2021-teacher” offered by OECD to measure teacher well-being and working environment in terms of job demands and job resources in private schools. Several questions about the participants’ demographics are also included in the questionnaire as reported in Table 1 .

Measurement of demographics

We design 6 questions by ourselves and participants are asked to select gender from male or female, select age from “20–30, 31–40, 41–54, ≥ 55”, select education degree from “Junior college, Bachelor, Master, Doctor”, select academic title from “Assistant, Lecturer, Associate Prof., Professor”, select teaching years from “ ≤ 5, 6–10, 11–20, 21–30, ≥ 31”.

Measurement of self-perceived sense of well-being

The conceptual framework of teacher well-being proposed by OECD 31 summarizes various aspects involved in teachers’ occupational well-being and the ways in which these aspects interconnect. The framework defines teacher well-being around four key dimensions: cognitive, subjective, physical/mental, and social. The indicators to measure cognitive well-being include teachers’ capacity to concentrate on work (how often the teachers experienced mindfulness in the past two weeks) and self-efficacy in classroom management, in instruction, and in student engagement (to what extent teachers can do well); those indicators for subjective well-being include teachers’ job satisfaction (how teachers generally feel about their profession and working conditions), life satisfaction (how satisfied teachers are with their life), affects (mood and state of mind in the past two weeks), and purposefulness (sense of direction and purpose, making working plans for the future); psychosomatic symptoms are mainly measured to indicate physical/mental well-being (insomnia, fatigue, headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability, feeling down, etc.); and for social well-being, teachers’ relationships with colleagues, leaders, students and their feeling of trust are considered. The overall well-being was an aggregate of the four dimensional well-beings.

Measurement of self-perceived job demands and job resources

The OECD framework also provides questionnaires to measure the quality of the working environment at the school level. According to the aforementioned hypotheses in this study, we take such indicators for job demands: yearly teaching hours, pressure for research work, daily working hours, class size (the number of students in a class), student academic foundation (teachers’ perceived knowledge base of students), and performance evaluation (school evaluations on teachers’ performance and achievements); while such indicators for job resources: work autonomy (perceived how much), training and development opportunities (how satisfied and how helpful), appraisal feedback (whether give feedback on the evaluations and how helpful), and social support from leaders and colleagues (perceptions of relationships, recognition, and helpfulness).

A pilot survey with the draft questionnaire was conducted in December of 2020 among 297 language teachers in 12 China’s private colleges. After clearly rewording some vague items and deleting some items based on the scale analysis with ‘Cronbach α value if deleted’, a final questionnaire was constructed with four sections. Section one includes respondents’ demographic items such as gender, age, seniority, education background. Section two is the main part of this questionnaire survey, including items measuring the four dimensions. The third section examines the impacting factors in terms of job demands and job resources. Section four contains statements on teachers’ perceived stress / burnout and motivation to leave teaching. Items in sections two to four are mostly coded on 5-point Likert scales where 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = fair, 4 = agree and 5 = strongly agree, while items related to frequencies are coded on 5 scales from low frequency to high, and some single items like working hours (select one from “5,6,7,8,9,10,11, ≧ 12”), class size (select one from “ ≦ 30, 31–50, 51–100, 101–150, 151–200, > 200”), appraisal feedback (select one from “no feedback, feedback with score and ranking, feedback with score and ranking and improvement advice”), perceived work stress (select one from 0 to 10), motivation to leave teaching (yes or no to leave teaching profession) are tested exclusively.

With the use of SPSS 23.0, we analyzed the internal consistency coefficient of the final well-being scales. The Cronbach Alpha value of the overall well-being scale is 0.86 (33 items) with the Alpha value for cognitive well-being being 0.70 (9 items), for subjective well-being 0.88 (8 items), for physical/mental well-being 0.86 (5 items), and for social well-being 0.91 (11 items). Generally speaking, scale with Cronbach Alpha value above 0.70 means sound internal consistency. According to the reliability analysis results in this research, all the Alpha values exceed the criteria 0.70, implying good and acceptable reliability of the scales.

As for validity, this study used the teachers’ well-being framework and scales reported by OECD with reasonably sound content validity. We used exploratory factor analysis to measure the construct validity of this instrument. And it is found that: KMO values of the overall well-being, cognitive well-being, subjective well-being, physical/mental well-being and social well-being scales are respectively 0.86, 0.86, 0.87, 0.82, 0.90, and all the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity are statistically significant with P < 0.001. Confirmatory factor analysis was then applied to measure the validity of the scales with AMOS 24.0, and all the four measurement models have been tested acceptable with all the statistically significant Critical Ratio values ( P < 0.01), and all the path coefficient values bigger than 0.50. Finally, according to the usual way measuring validity of scale 34 , we calculated values of AVE (Average Variance Extracted) and CR (Composite Reliability) with the path coefficient values. It is found that values of AVE for the four dimensions of teachers’ well-being are respectively 0.50, 0.53, 0.55 and 0.50 (all equal or above 0.5), while the values of CR are respectively 0.84, 0.90, 0.86, 0.91 (all above 0.7). It indicates sound convergence and construct validity of the well-being scales.

Statistical analysis

At first, we use SPSS 23.0 to perform descriptive statistical analyses to get the mean, standard deviation of the overall and four dimensions of teacher well-being to explore the level and main characteristics of teacher well-being.

Then, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA are undertaken to examine whether there are significant demographic group differences of self-reported well-being due to the tested homogeneity of variance and normality of the distribution of aggregate variables of well-being dimensions. Demographic variables like age, education level, etc. are included as independent variables, while aggregate overall well-being, each well-being dimension are included into the T test and ANOVA analysis as dependent variables.

For the impacting factors, we use multiple linear regression analyses to explore the determinants of teachers’ aggregate overall well-being and the four dimensions, which are respectively put into the multivariate regression model as dependent variables. Variables on job demands and job resources are included as independents ‘entering’ rather than stepwise, backward, forward or remove, into the assumed linear regression models. Model fit and Collinearity diagnostics are ticked as statistics, while Standardized and Unstandardized are selected in the Predicted Values group, and Standardized in the Residuals group. By comparing the unstandardized coefficient ( B and SE ), standard coefficient ( Beta ), and t and p values, we try to find out the impacting factors and how strong they are.

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Education at Central China Normal University. All of the procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant policies in China. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily, with informed consent when they filled in the survey and were able to withdraw from the study freely at any time. The questionnaire was designed and applied to ensure anonymity of participants. The data were confidential and participation was anonymous without any potential risk to the integrity of the subjects.

The purpose of this study is to find the impacting factors of working environment in terms of job demands and job resources on the well-being of teachers in private schools. Before coming to that, we first examine the level of main characteristics of their well-being by analyzing the mean values and standard deviation of the overall well-being and the four dimensions, and significant differences between different demographic teacher groups in regard to overall well-being and the four dimensions. Then, we address the core question of impacting factors by multiple linear regression analyses of job demands and job resources on overall well-being and the four dimensions, in order to find how job demands and resources might be associated with overall well-being and different facets of well-being in different ways.

Level and main characteristics of well-being

Table 2 shows that language teachers in China’s private colleges have an intermediate level of overall well-being with the mean value of 3.67 and the lowest SD value. Among the four dimensions, they have the highest cognitive well-being, but the lowest physical/mental well-being (converse re-coding the original data from 5 to 1 for analyses), and they also differ greatly in physical/mental dimension with the highest SD value, which means some of the teachers are suffering relatively severe psychosomatic problems like fatigue, headache, insomnia, and dizziness. Their subjective well-being and social well-being stand in the middle among the four.

As for different demographic groups of teachers, they differ in overall well-being or in some dimensions. Female teachers are significantly different from males only in cognitive dimension ( t = 2.22, p = 0.03), and they have higher cognitive well-being ( M = 4.15 vs 4.04). For teachers of different ages, they are different in overall well-being ( f = 6.99, p < 0.01), subjective well-being ( f = 9.06, p < 0.01), physical/mental well-being ( f = 5.60, p < 0.01), and social well-being ( f = 4.98, p < 0.01), but not different in cognitive well-being ( f = 0.89, p = 0.44). Teachers above 55 years enjoy the highest well-being, then those younger teachers of 20–30, then those 41–55, and finally those 31–40, with respect to overall well-being, subjective well-being, physical/mental well-being, and social well-being. Similarly, teaching years have the same diachronic correlations with teacher well-being as the ages. Teachers with longest teaching years (≥ 30) and shortest teaching years (≤ 5) enjoy higher overall well-being, subjective well-being, physical/mental well-being and social well-being than those with 21–30, 6–10, and 11–20 years. Teachers with different education degrees differ only in subjective well-being ( f = 5.86, p < 0.01) and social well-being ( f = 2.80, p = 0.04), with the high-to-low order for subjective well-being as those with junior college certificate, bachelor degree, master degree, and doctor degree, and with high-to-low order for social well-being as those with junior college certificate, bachelor degree, doctor degree, and master degree (only one place different from before). Teachers with different academic titles are significantly different in overall well-being ( f = 11.60, p < 0.01), subjective well-being ( f = 10.27, p < 0.01), physical/mental well-being ( f = 9.57, p < 0.01), and social well-being ( f = 9.78, p < 0.01), but not different in cognitive well-being ( f = 1.30, p = 0.27), very much like that in terms of teachers’ age. Professors and assistants enjoy the highest in the four aspects, with associate professors higher than lecturers in overall, subjective, and social well-being, and lecturers higher than associate professors only in physical/mental well-being.

Impacting factors

It is assumed that impacting factors of teacher well-being come from two categories of job demands and job resources according to the JD-R model. The whole category should not be regarded as a sole impacting factor 35 , so we put every indicator in a category into regression analysis as a single predictor. Through the multiple linear regression analyses, we get bunches of factors for the overall well-being and each dimension, and put those factors of significance ( P ≤ 0.05) in the following tables in the order of Beta value from high to low, which means the influencing degree from high to low.

There are 8 statistically significant factors influencing overall well-being as shown in Table 3 . Out of job resources, social support from leaders, social support from colleagues, and work autonomy have strong positive effect, and training and development opportunities, appraisal feedback guide also play significant roles. In respect of job demands, performance evaluation, student academic foundation, and pressure of research work have significant negative impact.

In regard to the four dimensions of well-being, the numbers of statistically significant impacting factors vary from 4 to 8 (see Table 4 ). Multicollinearity is generally examined with Tolerance and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). The cut of value for Tolerance was > 0.10 and < 10 for VIF. In this study, no multicollinearity has been found in these models. For cognitive well-being, there are 7 significant factors with social support from leaders as the leading one, followed by work autonomy with the same Beta value. As for other job resources, appraisal feedback guide and social support from colleagues also have positive impact. Among job demands, yearly teaching hours has positive effect and performance evaluation and student academic foundation have negative effect. There are 8 significant factors influencing subjective well-being, among which job resources (i.e. training and development opportunities, social support from leaders, work autonomy, social support from colleagues, appraisal feedback guide) play important roles. Out of job demands, performance evaluation, student academic foundation, and yearly teaching hours have negative impact. Physical/mental well-being has only 4 significant factors on, with daily working hours, performance evaluation and pressure of research work as three negative ones, followed by training and development opportunities as the only positive factor. There are 7 significant factors influencing social well-being, and social support from leaders and colleagues is extremely important (with the highest Beta values of 0.56 and 0.38). Work autonomy and appraisal feedback guide also function positively. As for job demands, student academic foundation has negative effect, while daily working hours and yearly teaching hours play positive roles.

Conclusions

We will make conclusions of this study in regard to the two research questions, based on what is found through the above analyses.

This study shows that language teachers in China’s private colleges have an intermediate level of overall well-being, which needs further improvement. Their well-being differs with demographic characteristics, especially age, teaching experience, and academic title. Teachers with larger or smaller ages enjoy higher well-being, while those with medium ages have lower well-being. Similarly, teachers with longer or shorter teaching experiences enjoy higher well-being and those with medium teaching experiences have lower well-being; teachers with higher or lower academic titles enjoy higher well-being and those with medium academic titles have lower well-being. There exists a “U-type” feature of teacher well-being with their age, teaching experience, and academic title. Their well-being shows no difference in respect to gender and education background.

In regard to the impacting factors of working environment on the well-being of teachers in private schools, we conclude what we examined in terms of job demands and job resources to echo the aforementioned hypotheses. As for job demands, performance evaluation, student academic foundation, and pressure of research work are the main negative impacting factors of teacher overall well-being in private schools, while class size, daily working hours, and yearly teaching hours have no significant impact. The first hypothesis H1 is partially validated. As for job resources, social support from leaders and colleagues, work autonomy, training and development opportunities, and appraisal feedback guide are key resources significantly impacting teacher overall well-being. The second hypothesis H2 is fully validated.

Discussions

Comparison with previous research.

In regard to the impact of working environment on teacher well-being, there are few publications concerning about the group of teachers in private schools. A semi-structured interview with 8 teachers from private schools in Malta shows working hours, work climate (including relationships with the boss and colleagues) impact teacher well-being 10 . Most previous research on this topic concluded the impacting factors of working environment on teacher well-being in public schools, which we categorize as job demands and job resources (including what was found in the Maltese private schools) and form the two hypotheses in this study; hence we will mainly compare and discuss what we found in China’s private colleges with the job demands and job resources we categorized from previous research.

Job demands

Job demands, associated with energy depletion and psychological and/or physiological costs, are the risk factors which usually undermine teacher well-being 36 . This study finds that performance evaluation, student academic foundation, and pressure of research work are the main negative impacting factors of teacher overall well-being in private schools, and class size has no significant influence, which is coherent with previous research; while daily working hours and yearly teaching hours have no significant impact, which is different with previous findings. The same findings show these factors are universal and applying to teachers both in public and private schools. We will discuss the two different factors, i.e. daily working hours and yearly teaching hours, which impact teacher well-being in public schools but not for teachers in private schools.

We find that daily working hours and yearly teaching hours have no significant impact on overall well-being, and play different roles in some dimensions in this study. Daily working hours has negative impact only on physical/mental well-being, but slight positive impact on social well-being; while yearly teaching hours has negative impact only on subjective well-being, but positive impact on cognitive and social well-being. This may be attributed to the unique scenarios where full-time young teachers in China’s private colleges are usually supposed to participate in various faculty workshops for academic progress and take on huge amount of teaching work in the classroom staying with students. The more they exchange ideas and discuss problems, the more will they benefit and the better relationship will they have with other people. The negative and positive impact is offset, which results in no significant impact on overall well-being.

Job resources

This study finds that all the key resources concluded in previous research are also significant positive factors impacting teacher well-being in private schools. This is coherent for teachers from different types of schools, different locations, and different countries. It means job resources, like social support from leaders and colleagues, work autonomy, training and development opportunities, and appraisal feedback guide are major motivators to increase teacher well-being both in public schools and in private schools as well.

Limitations

Teacher well-being is very complex and is impacted with a wide range of factors. This study is an attempt to explore the impact of working environment on the well-being of teachers in private schools. It still has limitations. First, teachers’ perceptions of well-being and working environment (job demands and job resources) are all self-reported in this study, but it could also be that a person’s level of well-being has an impact upon their perceptions of job demands and job resources; hence longitudinal studies should be conducted in the future to examine the possible bi-directional relationships. Second, we adopted the questionnaire by OECD, but reworded some vague items and deleted some items based on the scale analysis with ‘Cronbach α value if deleted’. The final questionnaire we used is slightly different from the original one by OECD, though it is tested to have good reliability and validity. Using such a measurement limits the ability to compare our results with samples from other studies. In the future, our questionnaire can be used with samples in other cultures around the world for comparison purposes, or with other samples of teacher groups within China.

Generalizability

The samples of this study come from China’s private colleges, who came into being since late 1990s as a complement to public universities to meet the needs for those who failed in the college entrance examination and who could not afford the tuition fees to study abroad. Without the financial support from the government, their source of funds depends mainly on students’ tuition fees, from which most investors/sponsors also seek economic profits/rewards. The findings of this study may apply to similar private schools in terms of business mode, especially for promotion measures of teacher well-being in these schools.

Implications

This study shows that there are some unique impacting factors of working environment on teacher well-being in private schools, which provides some implications for practice and policy considerations.

Targeted management measures

Synthesizing all the influential factors, we can see that it is the school management that plays a key role in teacher well-being. Social support, work autonomy, training and teacher development, appraisal feedback and performance evaluation identified as significant impacting factors in this study are all subject to the leadership and management in a school. To promote teacher well-being, schools can take targeted measures which we discussed above to decrease job demands and increase job resources.

Enough economic input

For private schools, enough economic input into running the school should be guaranteed. Some sponsors establish private schools as a business for economic profits, so they tend to reduce expenses to the lowest for the highest rewards. They are reluctant to recruit high level faculty with high salary and to organize high-quality training programs for the young teachers. Without just expenditure, the measures mentioned above to promote teacher well-being will become largely inefficient or come to naught.

Democratic and professional educational administration

Patriarch-based management model is still employed in some private schools with excessive empowerment to the president, which results in low involvement of faculty in decision making and low efficiency of staff in working. Democracy is an essential component in schooling, and participatory democracy is one of the goals of modern school management transformation. Teachers should become masters of private schools and have a say in work decisions with enough autonomy. If the president is not an education expert, or even not an education professional, the school administration is even worse. Some sponsors serve concurrently as the school presidents, but they are not fully experienced in educational administration. School leaders of private schools are more important than national policies for the school management 37 , so it is crucial for them to be professional and expert in regard to school development and teacher well-being as well.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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J.C. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, survey, writing-original draft, revision & editing. H.C. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, project administration. D.Z. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, survey, data analysis, writing-revision. F.Z. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, survey, writing-revision. Y.C. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, survey, writing-revision.

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Chen, J., Cheng, H., Zhao, D. et al. A quantitative study on the impact of working environment on the well-being of teachers in China’s private colleges. Sci Rep 12 , 3417 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07246-9

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Research Paper Topics for 2024: Explore Ideas Across Various Fields

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Study reveals the benefits and downside of fasting

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Low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting have been shown to have numerous health benefits: They can delay the onset of some age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan, not only in humans but many other organisms.

Many complex mechanisms underlie this phenomenon. Previous work from MIT has shown that one way fasting exerts its beneficial effects is by boosting the regenerative abilities of intestinal stem cells, which helps the intestine recover from injuries or inflammation.

In a study of mice, MIT researchers have now identified the pathway that enables this enhanced regeneration, which is activated once the mice begin “refeeding” after the fast. They also found a downside to this regeneration: When cancerous mutations occurred during the regenerative period, the mice were more likely to develop early-stage intestinal tumors.

“Having more stem cell activity is good for regeneration, but too much of a good thing over time can have less favorable consequences,” says Omer Yilmaz, an MIT associate professor of biology, a member of MIT’s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and the senior author of the new study.

Yilmaz adds that further studies are needed before forming any conclusion as to whether fasting has a similar effect in humans.

“We still have a lot to learn, but it is interesting that being in either the state of fasting or refeeding when exposure to mutagen occurs can have a profound impact on the likelihood of developing a cancer in these well-defined mouse models,” he says.

MIT postdocs Shinya Imada and Saleh Khawaled are the lead authors of the paper, which appears today in Nature .

Driving regeneration

For several years, Yilmaz’s lab has been investigating how fasting and low-calorie diets affect intestinal health. In a 2018 study , his team reported that during a fast, intestinal stem cells begin to use lipids as an energy source, instead of carbohydrates. They also showed that fasting led to a significant boost in stem cells’ regenerative ability.

However, unanswered questions remained: How does fasting trigger this boost in regenerative ability, and when does the regeneration begin?

“Since that paper, we’ve really been focused on understanding what is it about fasting that drives regeneration,” Yilmaz says. “Is it fasting itself that’s driving regeneration, or eating after the fast?”

In their new study, the researchers found that stem cell regeneration is suppressed during fasting but then surges during the refeeding period. The researchers followed three groups of mice — one that fasted for 24 hours, another one that fasted for 24 hours and then was allowed to eat whatever they wanted during a 24-hour refeeding period, and a control group that ate whatever they wanted throughout the experiment.

The researchers analyzed intestinal stem cells’ ability to proliferate at different time points and found that the stem cells showed the highest levels of proliferation at the end of the 24-hour refeeding period. These cells were also more proliferative than intestinal stem cells from mice that had not fasted at all.

“We think that fasting and refeeding represent two distinct states,” Imada says. “In the fasted state, the ability of cells to use lipids and fatty acids as an energy source enables them to survive when nutrients are low. And then it’s the postfast refeeding state that really drives the regeneration. When nutrients become available, these stem cells and progenitor cells activate programs that enable them to build cellular mass and repopulate the intestinal lining.”

Further studies revealed that these cells activate a cellular signaling pathway known as mTOR, which is involved in cell growth and metabolism. One of mTOR’s roles is to regulate the translation of messenger RNA into protein, so when it’s activated, cells produce more protein. This protein synthesis is essential for stem cells to proliferate.

The researchers showed that mTOR activation in these stem cells also led to production of large quantities of polyamines — small molecules that help cells to grow and divide.

“In the refed state, you’ve got more proliferation, and you need to build cellular mass. That requires more protein, to build new cells, and those stem cells go on to build more differentiated cells or specialized intestinal cell types that line the intestine,” Khawaled says.

Too much of a good thing

The researchers also found that when stem cells are in this highly regenerative state, they are more prone to become cancerous. Intestinal stem cells are among the most actively dividing cells in the body, as they help the lining of the intestine completely turn over every five to 10 days. Because they divide so frequently, these stem cells are the most common source of precancerous cells in the intestine.

In this study, the researchers discovered that if they turned on a cancer-causing gene in the mice during the refeeding stage, they were much more likely to develop precancerous polyps than if the gene was turned on during the fasting state. Cancer-linked mutations that occurred during the refeeding state were also much more likely to produce polyps than mutations that occurred in mice that did not undergo the cycle of fasting and refeeding.

“I want to emphasize that this was all done in mice, using very well-defined cancer mutations. In humans it’s going to be a much more complex state,” Yilmaz says. “But it does lead us to the following notion: Fasting is very healthy, but if you’re unlucky and you’re refeeding after a fasting, and you get exposed to a mutagen, like a charred steak or something, you might actually be increasing your chances of developing a lesion that can go on to give rise to cancer.”

Yilmaz also noted that the regenerative benefits of fasting could be significant for people who undergo radiation treatment, which can damage the intestinal lining, or other types of intestinal injury. His lab is now studying whether polyamine supplements could help to stimulate this kind of regeneration, without the need to fast.

“This fascinating study provides insights into the complex interplay between food consumption, stem cell biology, and cancer risk,” says Ophir Klein, a professor of medicine at the University of California at San Francisco and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, who was not involved in the study. “Their work lays a foundation for testing polyamines as compounds that may augment intestinal repair after injuries, and it suggests that careful consideration is needed when planning diet-based strategies for regeneration to avoid increasing cancer risk.”

The research was funded, in part, by Pew-Stewart Scholars Program for Cancer Research award, the MIT Stem Cell Initiative, the Koch Institute Frontier Research Program via the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund, and the Bridge Project, a partnership between the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center.

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A new study led by researchers at MIT suggests that fasting and then refeeding stimulates cell regeneration in the intestines, reports Katharine Lang for Medical News Today . However, notes Lang, researchers also found that fasting “carries the risk of stimulating the formation of intestinal tumors.”

Prof. Ömer Yilmaz and his colleagues have discovered the potential health benefits and consequences of fasting, reports Max Kozlov for Nature . “There is so much emphasis on fasting and how long to be fasting that we’ve kind of overlooked this whole other side of the equation: what is going on in the refed state,” says Yilmaz.

MIT researchers have discovered how fasting impacts the regenerative abilities of intestinal stem cells, reports Ed Cara for Gizmodo . “The major finding of our current study is that refeeding after fasting is a distinct state from fasting itself,” explain Prof. Ömer Yilmaz and postdocs Shinya Imada and Saleh Khawaled. “Post-fasting refeeding augments the ability of intestinal stem cells to, for example, repair the intestine after injury.”

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How early-stage cancer cells hide from the immune system

MIT biologists found that intestinal stem cells express high levels of a ketogenic enzyme called HMGCS2, shown in brown.

Study links certain metabolites to stem cell function in the intestine

Intestinal stem cells from mice that fasted for 24 hours, at right, produced much more substantial intestinal organoids than stem cells from mice that did not fast, at left.

Fasting boosts stem cells’ regenerative capacity

“Not only does the high-fat diet change the biology of stem cells, it also changes the biology of non-stem-cell populations, which collectively leads to an increase in tumor formation,” Omer Yilmaz says.

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Christopher A. Voigt, PhD

Pushing the scale of genetic engineering.

Application of synthetic biology to address humanity's greatest challenges in manufacturing, environment, health and agriculture.

Genetic engineering is undergoing a revolution, where next-generation technologies for DNA and host manipulation are enabling larger and more ambitious projects in biotechnology. Automated DNA synthesis has advanced to where it is routine to order sequences >100,000bp where every base is user-specified, the turnaround time is several weeks, and the cost is rapidly declining. Recently, this facilitated the synthesis of a complete 1 Mbp genome of a bacterium and its transfer into a new host, resulting in a living cell. However, while whole genomes can be constructed, the ability to design such systems is lagging. The focus of my lab is to develop new experimental and theoretical methods to push the scale of genetic engineering, with the ultimate objective of genome design. This will impact the engineering of biology for a broad range of applications, including agriculture, materials, chemicals, and medicine.

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Prof. Voigt obtained his Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a PhD in Biochemistry and Biophysics at the California Institute of Technology. He continued his postdoctoral research in Bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley. His academic career commenced as an Assistant and Associate Professor at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the University of California-San Francisco. Chris Voigt joined the Department of Biological Engineering at MIT as Associate Professor in 2011.

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Why Many Parents and Teens Think It’s Harder Being a Teen Today

Is it harder these days to be a teen? Or do today’s teenagers have it easier than those of past generations? We asked the following question of 1,453 U.S. parents and teens: Compared with 20 years ago, do you think being a teenager today is harder, easier or about the same?

Parents and teens most often say it’s harder to be a teen today. Though parents are far more likely to say this.

Far fewer say it’s easier now …

… or that it’s about the same.

Teens, though, are more likely than parents to say they are unsure.

But why? We asked those who say teen life has gotten harder or easier to explain in their own words why they think so.

Why parents say it’s harder being a teen today

A chart showing that Technology, especially social media, is the top reason parents think it’s harder being a teen today

There are big debates about how teenagers are faring these days. And technology’s impact is often at the center of these conversations.

Prominent figures, including the U.S. Surgeon General, have been vocal about the harmful effects technology may be having on young people.

These concerns ring true for the parents in our survey. A majority blame technology – and especially social media – for making teen life more difficult.

Among parents who say it’s harder being a teen today, about two-thirds cite technology in some way. This includes 41% who specifically name social media.

While some mention social media in broad terms, others bring up specific experiences that teens may have on these platforms, such as feeling pressure to act or look a certain way or having negative interactions there. Parents also call out the downsides of being constantly connected through social media.

Pew Research Center has a long history of studying the attitudes and experiences of U.S. teens and parents, especially when it comes to their relationships with technology.

For this analysis, the Center conducted an online survey of 1,453 U.S. teens and parents from Sept. 26 to Oct. 23, 2023, through Ipsos. Ipsos invited one parent from each of a representative set of households with parents of teens in the desired age range from its KnowledgePanel . The KnowledgePanel is a probability-based web panel recruited primarily through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Parents were asked to think about one teen in their household. (If there were multiple teens ages 13 to 17 in the household, one was randomly chosen.) After completing their section, the parent was asked to have this chosen teen come to the computer and complete the survey in private.

The survey is weighted to be representative of two different populations: 1) parents with teens ages 13 to 17, and 2) teens ages 13 to 17 who live with parents. For each of these populations, they survey is weighted to be representative by age, gender, race and ethnicity, household income and other categories.

Parents and teens were first asked whether they think it is harder, easier, or about the same to be a teen now than it was 20 years ago. Those who answered that it was easier or harder were then asked an open-ended question to explain why they answered the way they did. Center researchers developed a coding scheme categorizing the written responses, coded all responses, then grouped them into the themes explored in this data essay. Quotations may have been lightly edited for grammar, spelling and clarity.

Here are the questions among parents and among teens used in this analysis, along with responses, and its methodology .

This research was reviewed and approved by an external institutional review board (IRB), Advarra, an independent committee of experts specializing in helping to protect the rights of research participants.

“Social media is a scourge for society, especially for teens. They can’t escape social pressures and are constantly bombarded by images and content that makes them feel insecure and less than perfect, which creates undue stress that they can’t escape.” FATHER, 40s

“Kids are being told what to think and how to feel based on social media.” MOTHER, 40s

Parents name other forms of technology, but at much lower rates. Roughly one-in-ten parents who think being a teen is harder today specifically say the internet (11%) or smartphones (7%) contribute to this.

“Teens are online and they are going to encounter everything offered – positive and negative. Unfortunately, the negative can do major damage, as in cyberbullying, for example.” MOTHER, 30s

Another 26% say technology in general or some other specific type of technology (e.g., video games or television) makes teens’ lives harder today.

“Technology has changed the way people communicate. I can see how kids feel very isolated.” FATHER, 40s

Parents also raise a range of reasons that do not specifically reference technology, with two that stand out: more pressures placed on teens and the country or world being worse off than in the past. Among parents who think it’s harder to be a teen today, 16% say it’s because of the pressures and expectations young people face. These include teens feeling like they have to look or act a certain way or perform at a certain level.

“The competition is more fierce in sports and academics and the bar seems to be higher. Everything is more over-the-top for social activities too. It’s not simple as it was.” MOTHER, 50s

A similar share (15%) says teen life is harder because the country or world has changed in a bad way, whether due to political issues or to shifts in morals and values.

“Now it is more difficult to instill values, principles, good customs and good behavior, since many bad vices are seen in some schools and public places.” MOTHER, 50s

Other reasons that do not mention technology are less common. For example, roughly one-in-ten of these parents or fewer mention violence and drugs, bullying, and exposure to bad influences.

Why parents say it’s easier being a teen today

A chart showing that Parents largely point to technology as a reason it’s easier being a teen today

Teens today have a seemingly endless choice of technologies at their disposal, whether it be smartphones , video games or generative AI . And while relatively few parents say teen’s lives are easier today, those who do largely point to technology.

Among parents who say it is easier being a teen today, roughly six-in-ten mention technology as a reason.

Some reference a specific type of technology, like the internet (14%). Another 8% cite smartphones, and 3% cite social media.

“Although the internet can be toxic, it also opens up so many avenues for connection, learning and engagement.” MOTHER, 50s

“We didn’t have smartphones when I was a teenager. Nowadays, teenagers have all the answers in the palm of their hand.” FATHER, 40s

A fair portion (47%) mention technology broadly or name another specific type of technology.

“Technology has improved exponentially, giving access to the whole world at your fingertips.” FATHER, 30s

Some other reasons that emerge do not mention technology specifically. For instance, 18% of parents who say it’s easier being a teen today think this is because there are fewer pressures and expectations on teenagers than in the past.

“Teens today have been shown more leniency; they barely hold themselves responsible.” MOTHER, 40s

And one-in-ten say it’s easier because teens have access to more resources and information.

“When I was a teen, I had to carry so many books and binders everywhere while my daughter can just have her school laptop. She can complete research easily with internet access on her school device.” MOTHER, 30s

Why teens say it’s harder being a teen today

A chart showing that Increased pressures and social media stand out as reasons teens say it’s harder to be a teen today

Most teens use social media , and some do so almost constantly. But they also see these sites as a reason teens’ lives are harder today than 20 years ago.

In addition, teens point to the pressures and expectations that are placed on them.

Among teens who say it’s harder to be a teenager today than in the past, roughly four-in-ten mention technology as a reason. This includes a quarter who specifically name social media. Some mention these sites broadly; others link them to harmful experiences like increased pressures to look a certain way or negative interactions with others.

“Social media tells kids what to do and say. And if you aren’t up on it, you look like the fool and become like an outcast from lots of people.” TEEN GIRL

“Social media was not a part of my parents’ teenage lives and I feel that they did not have to ‘curate’ themselves and be a certain way in order to fit [in] as it is today.” TEEN GIRL

Few specifically mention the internet (6%) or smartphones (3%) as reasons. About one-in-ten (11%) cite technology broadly or another type of technology.

“For one thing, my phone is a huge distraction. It takes up so much of my time just looking at stuff that doesn’t even mean anything to me.” TEEN GIRL

Teens name several reasons that do not specifically mention technology – most prominently, the increased pressures and expectations placed on them. Roughly three-in-ten of those who say teen life is harder today (31%) say it’s because of these pressures and expectations.

“We have so much more homework and pressure from other kids. We are always being looked at by everyone. We can’t escape.” TEEN GIRL

“Adults expect too much from us. We need to get good grades, do extracurricular activities, have a social life, and work part time – all at the same time.” TEEN BOY

Another 15% say it’s harder because the world is worse off today, due to such things as political issues, values being different or the country having declined in some way.

“Teenagers are less able to afford vehicles, rent, etc. and basic living necessities, and are therefore not able to move out for years after they graduate high school and even college.” TEEN BOY

Other reasons that don’t mention technology – including violence and drugs, bullying, and mental health problems – are named by 8% of these teens or fewer.

Why teens say it’s easier being a teen today

A chart showing that Technology is the top reason why teens think it’s easier being a teen today

Teens also see ways that technology makes life better, whether that’s helping them pursue hobbies , express their creativity or build skills . Overall, few think teens’ lives are easier today than 20 years ago, but those who do largely say technology is a reason.

Six-in-ten teens who say teen life is easier today reference technology in some way. This includes 14% who mention the internet and 12% who mention phones. Just 3% name social media.

“[Teens 20 years ago] didn’t have internet available anywhere and they also didn’t have smartphones to be able to use whenever needed.” TEEN BOY

This also includes 46% who reference technology in general or some other specific type of technology.

“Tech has made it easier to connect with friends.” TEEN BOY

These teens also name reasons that don’t specifically mention technology, including 14% who say life is easier because there are fewer pressures and expectations for people their age.

“Twenty years ago there was probably more pressure to become an adult sooner and get things like a job, a learner’s permit, etc.” TEEN GIRL

And a same share says having more resources available to them has made life easier.

“Nowadays, we have help to deal with your physical and mental well-being, and we have specialists/therapists that we can talk to about our feelings and emotions.” TEEN GIRL

Smaller shares say it’s due to the country and world being better off today (4%) or people being nicer to each other (3%).

How parents and teens compare

A chart showing that Teens, parents cite social media, pressures at different rates when it comes to why teen life is harder today

Parents and teens are mostly in agreement on what makes growing up today harder than in the past.

But the rate at which they cite certain factors like social media or facing pressures differ.

Among those who say being a teen today is harder , 65% of parents believe it’s because of technology in some way. This drops to 39% among teens.

This divide also stands out when it comes to social media specifically (41% vs. 25%).

Teens, on the other hand, are more likely than parents to describe issues related to overachieving or having to look a certain way. Among those who say teen life is harder today, 31% of teens cite pressures and expectations as a reason, compared with 16% of parents.

Still, there are areas in which parents and teens are in sync. For example, similar shares cite the country or world being worse today (15% each) and violence and drugs (8% each) as reasons life today for teens is harder.

And among those who say being a teen today is easier , roughly six-in-ten parents (59%) and teens (60%) mention technology in some way.

Why parents and teens think it’s harder or easier to be a teen today than 20 years ago

Read the quotes below showing how parents and teens think teenagers’ experiences today differ from before.

Find out more

This project benefited greatly from the contributions of Director of Internet and Technology Research Monica Anderson , Research Assistants Eugenie Park and Olivia Sidoti . This project also benefited from Communications Manager Haley Nolan, Editorial Assistant Anna Jackson and Copy Editor Rebecca Leppert .

Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder.

Follow these links for more of our work on teens and technology:

Teens, social media and technology
Screen time among teens and parents
Views of social media policies for minors
Teens’ use of ChatGPT for schoolwork
Teens and video games
Cellphone distraction in the classroom
Parents’ worries about explicit content, time-wasting on social media

Find more reports and blog posts related to internet and technology on our topic page.

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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

MaP+S Group

Material processes and systems @ harvard gsd, open research position: data science / machine learning for design.

Location: Cambridge MA (remote option is possible but must have a US work visa/authorization) Position Type: Part-time, Temporary Compensation: part-time 10 – 20 hours/week, hourly rate dependent on experience. Duration: Fall 2024 Job Description: We are seeking a highly motivated and talented graduate student with expertise in Data Science and Machine Learning to join our research team for a short-term research project. The primary focus of this position is to develop predictive models that can forecast preferences and ratings based on image data, in the context of an on-going design study on the aesthetic perception of wall and floor tiles. This role will provide an excellent opportunity to apply advanced machine learning techniques to a practical problem while contributing to cutting-edge research. This work is part of the Laboratory of Design Technologies and the Material Processes and Systems Group at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Key Responsibilities: • Model Development: Design and implement machine learning models to predict user preferences and ratings from image data. • Data Processing: Clean, preprocess, and augment mid-size datasets of images to prepare them for model training and evaluation. • Model Training and Evaluation: Train, validate, and tune models to ensure high accuracy and robustness. Conduct performance evaluations using appropriate metrics. • Research Documentation: Document methodologies, experiments, and results in a clear and concise manner for both internal use and potential publication. • Collaboration: Work closely with interdisciplinary team members including designers, architects, industry experts, and supervisors to refine models and achieve research goals. • Literature Review: Stay updated with recent advancements and trends in machine learning and related fields to incorporate best practices into the project. Required Qualifications: • Education: Currently enrolled in, or recent graduate of a graduate program (Master’s or Ph.D.) in Data Science, Computer Science, Machine Learning, or a closely related field. • Technical Skills: o Proficiency in machine learning frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, or Keras. o Strong programming skills in Python. • Analytical Skills: Strong understanding of statistical and machine learning algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised techniques. • Research Experience: Proven experience in conducting research projects, with a strong emphasis on machine learning or data science. • Problem-Solving: Strong analytical and problem-solving skills with the ability to work independently and in a team environment.

Preferred Qualifications: • Experience with deep learning frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch). • Experience with computer vision techniques and libraries such as OpenCV, scikit-image, or similar. • Publications or significant coursework in machine learning, computer vision, or related areas. • Familiarity with data visualization tools and techniques. Application Process: Interested candidates should submit the following documents: 1. Resume/CV: Detailing relevant educational background and research experience. 2. Statement: Explaining your interest in the position and highlighting any specific expertise that aligns with the job description. Max. 250 words. 3. References: Contact information for at least one academic or professional reference. Please send your application materials to [email protected] by September 15th 2024.

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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK

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Student Research Worker

Division of Scholarship & Rsch
Columbia University Medical Center
Opening on: Aug 28 2024
Job Type: Short Term Casual
Bargaining Unit:
Regular/Temporary: Temporary
End Date if Temporary:
Hours Per Week: 10
Standard Work Schedule:
Salary Range: 22.50-22.50

Position Summary

The School of Nursing is looking to hire one Student Research Worker to work in a research assistant capacity on an NIH-funded study testing the impact of an asthma intervention with teenagers in NYC high schools. Most of the duties will occur in the schools between October and June, with some office work during this time as well. Targeted high schools are located in southern Brooklyn, and northern and downtown Manhattan. The incumbent must be able to travel to these schools.

Responsibilities

Responsibilities will include:

Photocopying study materials;
Distributing informational letters to students regarding the study, which may include answering students' questions about the study;
Proctoring a brief, 15-minute survey completed by high school students in class;
Describing the study to eligible teenagers and obtaining study consent;
Interviewing students in person and/or by phone or Zoom, and their caregivers by phone or Zoom;
Entering data; and
Other tasks as needed.

This is a grant-funded position. Continued employment is based on the availability of funding.

This is a temporary position with a flexible work schedule.

Minimum Qualifications

Requires at least a bachelor’s degree and current enrollment at Columbia University.

Preferred Qualifications

At least one year of related experience or equivalent in education, training, and experience.
Currently enrolled as a student at Columbia University
Computer fluency in Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
Excellent interpersonal, communication, and organizational skills.
Ability to work well in a team.
Spanish fluency is strongly preferred.
Previous research experience is desired.
Must possess excellent interpersonal and organizational skills
Ability to present information to groups of teenagers (i.e., make classroom presentations)
Must be able to travel between Manhattan and Brooklyn currently, which may expand to other boroughs
Ability to work in the schools a few days a week during the high school day, which is typically 8 – 3
Ability to work some nights/weekends to follow up with teenagers and/or interview parents.

Equal Opportunity Employer / Disability / Veteran

Columbia University is committed to the hiring of qualified local residents.

Commitment to Diversity

Columbia university is dedicated to increasing diversity in its workforce, its student body, and its educational programs. achieving continued academic excellence and creating a vibrant university community require nothing less. in fulfilling its mission to advance diversity at the university, columbia seeks to hire, retain, and promote exceptionally talented individuals from diverse backgrounds. , share this job.

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U of A’s Grad CAFE helps underrepresented STEM students succeed socially, academically

Grad CAFE addresses disparities in success rates through mentoring, academic resources and a greater sense of belonging

Graduate students, part of the Grad CAFE program, pose for a photo together.

From tutoring centers to peer mentoring programs, universities often offer a myriad of support services for undergraduate students, helping them navigate and thrive in a new environment. These same universities, however, rarely offer similar support for graduate students going through an equally challenging transition into academically demanding programs.

These challenges can be especially tough on underrepresented students, who often face additional barriers like cultural isolation, financial strain and even more limited access to support.

Supported by the University of Arizona’s Graduate College Office of Diversity and Inclusion , the Graduate Communities for Academic Fellowship and Efficacy (Grad CAFE) program was created to provide underrepresented graduate students with peer mentoring, academic resources and a greater sense of community.

The program grew out of a project that Celeste Atkins , Director of Student Engagement and Retention, and Nicole Marrone , Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, worked on in their 2022-23 year as HSI Fellows where they created the program and raised $22,000 in internal funds.

Following the success of the 2023-24 pilot of Grad CAFE, the program has been awarded a $1 million National Science Foundation (NSF) Innovation in Graduate Education grant to continue its growth.

A Need for Grad CAFE

According to the 2024 Grad CAFE Final Report , students of color make up only 16% of doctoral graduate students at the university and are much more likely to leave after their first year or take longer to complete. Therefore, the Graduate College Office of Diversity and Inclusion conducted a needs assessment for underrepresented graduate students during the 2022-23 school year to get a better sense of how to help, ultimately through the creation of Grad CAFE.

Reasons for concerns about their ability to continue at the university:

Female and underrepresented graduate students reported higher stress levels than other demographics related to finances, family responsibilities, course load and workload
44% indicated they did not feel a sense of belonging in their graduate program
23% felt they did not have adequate support to be successful
91% of respondents were interested in peer mentoring
Increased connection with faculty
Respondents indicated a longing for social events to increase community and a sense of belonging

Creating Community

The Grad CAFE is structured as a “holistic, multi-tiered mentoring community” program, according to Atkins.

She and Marrone plan and facilitate classes, events and conduct one-on-one peer mentoring; this is the first layer. The second is community leaders. Doctoral candidates who have passed their comprehensive exams co-facilitate student success seminars and small group mentoring communities, as well as peer mentor. The third layer is the peer mentors, who are first- and second-year doctoral students. They peer mentor each other and attend regular CAFE activities.

Image of Grad CAFE students sharing a meal together

Grad CAFE students share a meal together during a small group Cafecitos meeting.

Grad CAFE is centered around a one-unit, one-hour-per-week, academic seminar co-facilitated by community leaders. These classes explore topics such as graduate school expectations, university resources, career exploration and creating a community of mentorship, as well as other class-selected topics.

“Last spring, we had someone who was interested in how to network,” Atkins said. “People tell you to go out and network, but what does that look like? So, we brought in somebody to talk about it.”

Grad CAFE also hosts monthly “Cafécitos,” where all members gather four times per semester to share a meal, network and form social connections.

“Cafécitos are the heart of the Grad CAFE program as trust and relationships are built around the kitchen table within many communities, particularly for communities of color,” Atkins said. “It’s an open, inclusive and comfortable environment to socialize non-academically.”

A Successful First Year: 2023-24

Survey results indicated that students were satisfied with the class and their peer mentoring experiences during the program’s first year.

Kelsy Nilles , a sixth-year neuroscience Ph.D. student and Grad CAFE community leader, said, “The Cafécitos were where you really built your community. I remember the very first Cafécito. I left with tears in my eyes from laughing so hard, and I remember feeling like I finally had a community of my own.”

When Nilles joined Grad CAFE, she was struggling to stay focused and motivated during exam periods and was in need of support.

“Graduate school is chaotic!” Nilles said. “It’s just a lot of unknown and that is terrifying. I think Grad CAFE really helps to break through some of that chaos.”

Continuing to Grow

Grad CAFE logo.

With the NSF funding, the Grad CAFE will continue to expand and provide support for underrepresented STEM graduate students. Program leaders hope to reach students beyond STEM fields as the program grows, creating an interdisciplinary, intersectional opportunity for all students.

“We hope the Grad CAFE program can serve as a model to other institutions, because there is truly no other program out there like this,” said Frans Tax , Associate Dean for Student Affairs, Diversity and Inclusion in the Graduate College.

Graduate students seeking support and a greater sense of community should be on the lookout for information on how to sign up for Grad CAFE. Check out the community leader and peer mentor flyers for additional information.

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Diving into marine research

By Janette Neuwahl Tannen [email protected] 08-28-2024

Toward the end of high school, John Yudt got a chance to leave the frigid temperatures of his hometown near Chicago and learn how to scuba dive on the coral reefs of the Florida Keys.

He has been hooked on conserving coral reefs and marine life ever since.

Now Yudt, a junior majoring in marine biology and ecology, is excited to propel his career in marine sciences further. He is one of five University of Miami students from the Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science who were selected for the Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship , an esteemed award granted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to just 130 rising juniors across the United States this year . The scholarship gives recipients up to $9,500 in tuition support for their final two years in college as well as a guaranteed 10-week paid internship at a NOAA facility the summer before their senior year.

“NOAA is huge in terms of marine and atmospheric policies and care for the environment, so the opportunity to work in one of their labs for the summer really motivated me to apply,” said Yudt, an aspiring coral scientist who has done research in associate professor Diego Lirman ’s Benthic Ecology and Coral Restoration Lab. “The connections I will make and the networking I will be able to do with scientists at NOAA next summer, and with people interested in coral science will be huge, and the internship will give me more practice using important skills for the future.”

Hollings scholars also receive priority when applying for NOAA jobs in the future, which all the recipients are thrilled about.

This year marks a trend of at least three years in which a handful of Rosenstiel School students were selected for the scholarship, said Larry Peterson , associate dean of undergraduate programs at the Rosenstiel School. In 2023, eight students were named Hollings scholars. Peterson offers an information session on the Hollings Scholarship each fall, and then forms a faculty committee to help review student applications.

“The five that were awarded this year are all outstanding students,” said Peterson, who is also a professor of marine geosciences. “We have competed pretty well recently, and each year we are trying to be a little more proactive and give a little more guidance because it’s such a prestigious program—NOAA looks at Hollings scholars as young scientists who may work for them one day.”

The University’s other 2024 Hollings recipients are Ali Donnelly, a marine biology and ecology major; Ariella Duvel, a marine affairs and geological sciences major; Miles Lubas, a marine biology and ecology major; and Kylie Marozsan, who is studying marine biology and ecology, along with microbiology and immunology. They all received the news via email late last spring, and shortly after, spent a few days at the NOAA headquarters in Silver Springs, Maryland.

“When I got the email about the scholarship, I was in pure and utter shock,” said Marozsan, who is interested in large marine vertebrates like sharks, dolphins, manatees, and whales, and in using her research on the ocean’s resources to develop pharmaceutical therapies. “Everyone who applied from UM was so qualified to get it that I don’t know why they picked me, but I’m happy they did.”

This October, the five students can apply for their top internship choices, including outposts across the globe. While Yudt hopes to find an internship close to large coral reef tracts, such as in Hawaii or the U.S. Virgin Islands, Lubas, who volunteers in the University’s Shark Research and Conservation Program , wants to do shark or whale research to understand how these populations communicate within their species and across different species as well. Therefore, he hopes to intern either on the Pacific Coast or in the northeast, where whales and large sharks are more prevalent.

Ryan McMullen, a senior who earned the Hollings Scholarship last year, spent the summer learning about deep sea invertebrates that live on seamounts hundreds of feet under the ocean’s surface. McMullen did this by examining the presence of invertebrate DNA that exists in the water column and was collected from the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii by his mentor Timothy Shank, an expert in deep sea ecology at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.

McMullen will present his research at several conferences this year and hopes to publish the findings from his internship. Without the Hollings Scholarship, McMullen said it would have been difficult to access such hands-on research about the deep sea, which was always a curiosity of his. He said anyone considering a career in marine science should apply.

“Tim really piqued my curiosity about ocean genetics, and I know that I learned so many other lab techniques and skills this summer that I’ll be using later in life,” McMullen added. “The Hollings is the best opportunity I’ve found to connect you to as many people as possible in the marine and ocean sciences field, so students should really keep this on their radar.”

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Diving into marine research
In 2023, eight students were named Hollings scholars. Peterson offers an information session on the Hollings Scholarship each fall, and then forms a faculty committee to help review student applications. "The five that were awarded this year are all outstanding students," said Peterson, who is also a professor of marine geosciences.

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