what is professional references for resume

The Right Way to Submit References During Your Job Search (Template Included)

As you’re applying to jobs, you may be wondering about the best way to submit your references. Should you put them on your initial application materials? And how would you even list references on a resume?

The answer is, you don’t.

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Listing your references on a resume that should be one page (or maybe two pages ) is a waste of valuable space. A hiring manager or recruiter doesn’t have the ability to contact references for everyone who applies to an open position or even everyone they bring in for an interview. So save that resume room for detailing your skills, achievements, and qualifications.

What about writing, “ References available upon request, ” on your resume?

Avoid this too.

There’s “no need to state anything about references on your resume. It is assumed that you’ll share the info when requested,” Muse career coach Leto Papadopoulos says. Don’t waste a resume line to say something that’s taken for granted. (After all, you wouldn’t write, “Available for interviews upon request,” would you?)

Read on to learn the right way to list your references, download our template, and see an example.

When Do You Need References?

“Employers will typically check your references just before they’re ready to make an offer,” Papadopoulos says. That’s why you don’t need to provide them when you’re first applying for a job. But it’s a good idea to have them ready to go before you even land an interview.

If a company is ready to hire you pending a reference check, the last thing you want is to be held up by asking people to be a reference or collecting their contact information. Instead, you should “have your references ready and keep them updated during your search,” Papadopoulos says.

Who Should You Ask to Be a Reference?

Most companies will ask for two or three references from a candidate, so it’s always best to have at least three ready to go. Some prospective employers may request a certain mix of types of references, but generally you want to list former managers (or your current manager if they know about and are supportive of your job search) and former or current colleagues; if you’re earlier in your career and don’t have many former managers, you could list professors you worked closely with. If you’d be leading a team, you may be asked for a reference from a former direct report. For some client-facing roles, like account management, companies might want to hear from a former client or customer, so be sure to read up on the norms for your industry.

(Read more about who to list as a reference here or—if you have less work experience— here .)

The Right Way to Provide Your References to an Employer

Once you know who your references will be, you want to make it easy to submit them to employers when asked. So you should compile everything you need into a reference sheet, one handy—and well-formatted—document that can expedite the hiring process in the final stages.

When the time comes, you can attach your reference sheet to an email as a Word document or PDF file, or you can simply copy and paste the information into the body of the email.

What Information to Include on Your Reference Sheet

On your reference sheet, you should list each reference with the following information:

• Current Job/Position
• Phone Number
• Email Address
• Reference Description: Write one sentence explaining how you know or have worked with this person, where, when, and for how long. (Check out the example below to see what this looks like in action.)

There’s no need to include your reference’s home or work address—companies aren’t going to be mailing them anything. And if a reference expresses a strong preference for a certain method of contact, it’s OK to put “(preferred contact)” next to that line on your reference list.

To keep things easy for the hiring manager, it’s also a good idea to include your own name, phone number, and email at the top of the sheet (see the template and example below).

Reference Sheet Template and Example

You can use our template to make sure you have everything you need for all of your references.

Download the template here.

Here’s one example of what your reference sheet might look like:

References for Monica Medina (999) 000-1111 [email protected]

Nicole Chiu Director of Engineering Sunshine Inc. (555) 123-4567 [email protected] Nicole was my direct manager from 2016 to 2018 when I worked as a software developer for Sunshine Inc.

Kwame Smith Front-End Software Engineer Zapp Co. (111) 222-3333 [email protected] Kwame is an engineer I collaborate with daily in my current position at Zapp Co.

Dr. Carol Moore Professor of Computer Science University of Pennsylvania (123) 987-6543 [email protected] Carol was my professor in four different classes and my faculty advisor for my computer science degree.

Keeping references off your resume is not only the standard now, it’s also more thoughtful toward the people you’ve asked to speak on your behalf. By only submitting their names and contact information when asked directly (usually at the end of the hiring process), you’ll know when a prospective new employer is actually going to contact them—and you can give them a heads up, pass on any important information about the job or company you’re applying for, and thank them for their help.

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How to List References on Your Resume (With Examples)

7 min read · Updated on July 30, 2024

To include references on your resume or not? That is the question

At some point in your job search, an employer, recruiter, or HR professional is likely to ask you for a list of resume references. Many people will include a list of references right on their resume, or at least allude to the fact that references are available. The big question is… should you do either of these things?

If you're at the point of your job search where you need to know how to list references on your resume (or whether you should include them at all), you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll cover the following topics:

Whether you're supposed to put references on a resume

Why you should (or shouldn't) include resume references 

Where your references belong – and how to write them up

Who qualifies as a good resume reference

Let's get started!

Are you supposed to put references on a resume?

No, you are not supposed to put references on a resume

Instead, focus on providing the details that will convince a recruiter or hiring manager to contact you for an interview. Remember, your cover letter and resume are designed to get you the interview. The details you highlight on the resume during the job search should support this goal.

While it varies from company to company, most employers won't ask for your resume references until they're ready to reach out to them. This typically doesn't happen until you've made it through the initial interview rounds and are among the final candidates for a job. If, for any reason, an employer wants your references earlier in the process, rest assured they'll give you a chance to provide them. There's no need to place references on your resume when they won't be used until you're one of the final candidates.

That said, you should brainstorm a list of potential resume references as soon as you start submitting job applications, so you're ready when a prospective employer has specifically requested your professional references.

Why not include references on a resume?

Including references on a resume is simply a waste of space

Resume real estate is valuable and, as you know, when it comes to writing your resume, you only get so many pages to work with. Don't waste that space by putting a resume references section or adding the phrase “References available upon request.” 

Many employers usually won't ask for this information until you're further along in the interview process - and they know you'll provide references if they request them. Additionally, adding references to your resume can cause your application to get hung up in the applicant tracking system, or ATS , the software the company uses to manage candidates.

ATS can be programmed to automatically email references when they're found in the scanning process. If your reference doesn't respond to the automated message sent out by the ATS, your application could get caught in a pending status.

Where do you put references, if not on a resume?

Rather than putting references on your resume, type them up on a separate document

On a separate reference page, include the person's first name and last name, current job title and company name, email address, and phone number. Be sure to check with each of your professional references ahead of time, to confirm that the person is willing to be your reference and to verify which phone number and email address they'd like you to share with employers.

It's also helpful to add a line that explains to the reader how you've come to know this reference. For example,

It could be as simple as mentioning that you “worked together in Company XYZ's marketing department from July 2015 to November 2017,” or 

That your professional reference was your “direct supervisor at ABC Institute between 2018 and 2019.” 

You don't have to write a paragraph explaining your relationship to a reference, but it's nice to provide the employer or hiring manager with a little context.

When you type up your best resume references, consider using the same header information and font style that was used for your resume, so that the documents appear to be part of one overall package - even if they're not attached to one another. 

Resume references example: how to write your references

For example, if we were writing up resume references to accompany Alexa Campbell's resume , they might look something like this: 

Who should you ask to be a reference?

When choosing your professional references, select three to five people who have insight into your hard and soft skills and who you trust to say good things about you and your job performance. 

A good rule of thumb is to have at least three professional references – five if you're applying for an executive position. 

EXPERT TIP: If you opt to have more than three to five professional references, then the extras can be personal references. 

As you approach each person you want to have as a reference, give them an idea of the position you're applying for and how your skills match the role. This will help them know what to say when they're contacted. 

For the professional references

Try to find professional references who know about your skills and can talk about your career achievements in a way that aligns with what the job wants. Most of the time, your professional references will be talking about your hard skills – the things you know how to do from education and experience. 

Professional resume references examples include:

Former supervisors or managers

A leader at a place you volunteer

For the personal references

It is okay to have personal references, but you should never provide personal references INSTEAD OF professional references. Always, always give professional references first and then personal ones. You'd list the same details about your personal references as you do the professional references – Name, Title (who they are to you), phone, and email. Adding a couple of personal references can help boost your candidacy, as these folks will probably talk a lot about your soft skills , which employers value. 

Personal resume references examples include (note that not a single personal reference in the following list is a relative – your mom and grandma should not appear on your reference list!):

Academic Advisors

Sports Coach

Members of your network

Maximize resume space to improve job search impact

Having a good set of resume references to lean on while you search for a job is great, as they can help you get from interview to job offer. However, because of the limited space on your resume, you should create a separate document that contains just your references.

Remember, the goal of your resume is to get an interview. Before you sit down to speak with the hiring manager or recruiter, your references aren't going to help you. As such, you should aim to include only those details on your resume that will win an interview. 

When it's time to give your references to a hiring manager, make sure that you have a carefully curated list of contacts that can confidently speak to your abilities and how your skills match up with what the company is hiring for. 

Is your resume not getting results? Request a free review to find out how your resume is falling short .

This article was originally written by Amanda Augustine and has been updated by Marsha Hebert. 

Recommended reading:

What to Remove From Your Resume Right Away

How to Keep a Bad Reference From Ruining Your Career

Everything You Need to Know About References for Your Job Search

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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How to List References on a Resume [w/ Examples]

You’ve applied for an office position. You can’t wait to get an interview with the HR department.

Everything seems good to go, but now, the HR asked you for a list of your references.

So, how do you do this?

Are you supposed to attach it to your resume? Who do you include in your resume references? Is there a custom format style? 

Well, kick back and relax because we’re here to help answer all your uncertainties!

Read on to learn everything you need to know about listing references on a resume.

• Whether you should or shouldn’t put a reference sheet on your resume.
• How to properly list references on a resume (with pro-tips).
• The best way to format a “References” section.
• Helpful resume references examples.

Should You Include References on a Resume? 

The general common practice that the majority of resume experts agree on is that you should NOT add a list of references to your resume . 

Because, generally, the HR department doesn’t have time to go through every candidate’s list of references. They have a lot more important things to do than reach out to all the references every single candidate ever provided.

That’s why references aren’t requested until after your interview has gone well or right before you are hired.

But here’s the thing: 

That’s not an unshakable no.

If the job description explicitly states that you should include references on your resume, without question, include one! 

This is very straightforward on its own, you’ll know when you see it. 

Some consulting firms, for example, tend to ask for testimonials on your performance from previous employers before they hire you. 

In this case, it's best if you do include the contact information of the people providing you with their positive feedback, so the HR can check how legitimate they are.

Bottom line: 

Every word on your resume should be full of value and quality. References add unnecessary space. Insert them only when required or if you’re asked to submit testimonials.

Want to save time? Get your resume done in under 5 minutes, with our resume builder . Quick and simple, ready-made templates that will do all the work for you.  

How to List References on a Resume [+ Example]

Now, let’s say you’re requested to provide a list of references. 

What’s the best way to display it? 

• Reference's First Name & Last Name - Tim Borden
• Professional Position / Title - Marketing Coordinator
• Name of the Reference's Company - Zen Corporation
• Business Address - Blaine Ave
• City, State, Zip of Company - Atlantic City, NJ, 07030
• Phone Number of Reference - (600) 753 9216
• Email Address of Reference - [email protected]

It’s best to stay ahead of the game. 

Keeping a list of possible references is something that should be done in advance, even when you’re not looking for a job. 

When you’re searching for a new position, you want to have a list of several names to contact. 

You wouldn’t want to struggle coming up with good fits on short notice, would you? 

Here are some more tips to keep in mind: 

You should always start your list with your biggest fan first : your most important and impressive reference. 

And no, this shouldn’t be your mom. Instead, you’d want your previous boss to vouch for you. 

Busy employers may not contact all of your references, but they will likely start at the top of the list. Glowing recommendations shouldn’t be left last!

What’s more, it’s important to clarify your relationship . 

It’s crucial to include what your working relationship to the reference is and how long you’ve known them for. 

But do not overshare . Don’t add more than the items we mentioned on the list unless required. 

And never include the personal mail addresses of your references for two reasons:

They will surely not be contacted via snail mail. 

And they might not want all of their personal information shared. 

Last, but not least:

Choose your references appropriately. 

Always choose the best references for the specific job under consideration. 

Let’s say you want to assert your marketing skills. In this situation, you could seek references from a former boss who can attest to that. Somebody like the Head of Marketing or Chief Marketing Officer . 

How to Format a Resume References Section 

Learning how to arrange a reference section is just as vital as other sections of your resume or cover letter. 

A messy, carelessly formatted reference page will lose your employer's interest. 

So how do you write one that’s eye-catching and professional?

First, put your references on a separate sheet . Add an exclusive reference page, as the last page of your resume. 

Keep the same format for your reference sheet as your resume and cover letter, meaning use the same font, margins, and color scheme. 

• Start off at the very top with your name, address, and phone number. You should place this information on that side of the page that fits the look of your cover letter and resume. (left, right or in the middle).
• Next, write the date. Then start with your employer's information in this specific order: name, job position, company name, and company address.
• Finally, follow up with a preferred title/subtitle: name the section References or Professional References .

If you’ve included personal references as well, you could also add “Personal References” as a subtitle. 

Use the formatting we discussed in the previous section to list your references.

Ditch the common “References available upon request”. 

This is a frequent mistake. Employers formerly know this and it’s an overworked phrase. The general rule of thumb is to keep your resume as brief as possible. Why misuse the space? 

How Many References Should You Include in Your Resume? 

Though there really isn’t a written rule anywhere about how many references you should include, the most fitting number would be three to five . 

Based on your career level though, there is a general division of two groups:

Regular and/or first-time job seekers , should usually provide 3 to 4. 

Whereas people applying for senior roles should include a longer list: about 5 to 7 references. 

In that case, it’s sufficient to list one reference for all the different points in your professional record. 

Who is a Good Reference For Your Resume? 

It’s important that all the references in your resume are all deliberately selected individuals . 

Everyone’s aunt thinks that they are special, but what does your previous manager think about your work ethic?

To figure out who’s a good reference for you, you should take personal experience into consideration: that means what stage in your career you’re currently in. 

Because you’d list different people at different points in your career. 

If you are a student or recent graduate with little to no work practice, you would want to get references from:

• Guidance tutors or counselors
• Course teachers and professors 

Any of these people can speak positively about your best skills, qualities, and experiences. 

When you have some professional background, however, even at an entry-level position , you have more variety in selecting a good reference. 

You could use former colleagues or managers as well as project , master , doctorate supervisors from your most current studies. 

If you are a professional candidate , this process becomes simpler as your preferred references will be more acquainted with giving and requesting references. 

• If you don’t have a lot of professional references to count on, you can reach out to just about anyone that can provide you with a valuable character reference.
• If a friend works in the company you are applying to, you could also use them as a reference.

Other important things you should consider:

• Ask for permission and say thank you. Fill in your references before handing over their contact information to an eventual employer. It’s solely common courtesy. Send them a copy of your resume as well, so that both of you are in harmony for when the manager calls. Don’t forget to be grateful either. If you get the job, take them out on lunch to properly say thank you. Follow up, a little acknowledgment can go a long way! 
• DO NOT use family members. This is unconventional and discouraged. The people you use as references should be unrelated to you, in a familial sense. Of course, our mothers have countless nice things to say about us, but their opinion isn’t relevant on a resume. It might also appear as though you don’t have enough people to vouch for you. 
• Avoid people you’ve confronted. Be careful in not adding individuals you are or have once been in professional conflict with. You can never be too sure if they’re still holding a grudge against you. Play it safe. 
• Make sure they are comfortable. Especially if they’re a person you are currently still working with, confirm they are okay with you searching for a new job. If you’re trying to keep it a secret from your employer though, it’s best not to ask a current coworker at all. You can never know for certain how ethical or pleased with your success one is. 

In the end, the basic point of a reference is for the employers to get a true reflection of your work ethics, background, character, and personality. 

Find people who can properly display all of the above for you.

3+ Good & Bad Resume Reference Sheet Examples

So many rules! 

But don’t worry - we have some great examples for you to help put them into practice: 

GOOD EXAMPLE:

MY BEST AND FAVORITE REFERENCE - inappropriate title 

Martha Payne - a family member as a reference 

2809 Candlelight Drive - including home address

870-294-1238 - wrong listing order, the reference phone number should be second to last

Nursing Assistant - unrelated to your industry or position

Newlife Hospital

4164 Fittro Street 

Lurton, AR, 72848

[email protected]

Martha is my auntie. She’s not only a well-respected member of the community but a remarkable nurse. She was the one who raised me and I consider her my mother. She knows me better than anybody else and I couldn’t have chosen a better person to speak of my character. - prolonged and unprofessional description 

References available upon request - overused unnecessary phrase

• providing them only one reference 

Key Takeaways

Here’s a recap of what we learned in this post:

• References ARE NOT supposed to be on your resume. So when in doubt, DON’T include a list to your resume. 
• On rare occasions though, references may be added on a resume. If you decide to do so, put your list on a separate sheet. Don’t forget to match it to the style of your cover letter and resume.
• Be intelligent with your reference choices. Your number of references should correspond to your career stage. Put your most glowing references on the top. Selected those who are closest to your line of work. Avoid people you’ve ever had professional conflicts with.
• Be diplomatic. Always ask for permission before listing them as references. Email them a copy so that you’re both on the same page. Don’t forget to thank them afterward. 
• Use the correct formatting. List your references precisely as we showed you in this guide. There’s a definite, proper way to arrange entries and the structure of the page itself - don’t contradict it. Use the examples we gave you as a guide.

Suggested readings:

• How to Write a Resume & Land That Job? [21+ Examples]
• What to Put On a Resume [7+ Job-Winning Sections]
• CV vs. Resume - What are the Differences & Definitions [+ Examples]

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How to List References on a Resume in 2024 (with Examples & Tips)

In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about including references on a resume, from how to format them to how to know when they should be included at all.

Beautiful resume templates to land your dream job

Should I Put References on a Resume?

The answer to whether or not to put references on your resume can vary. 

The general rule of thumb when is actually to not include references on your resume .

This is because employers are unlikely to reach to references until the interview phase, making the inclusion of them on an initial resume typically unnecessary.

This does not mean that there are never scenarios in which you will need to know how to properly list references.

For specific jobs and in certain situations, you may be asked or required to include a list of references within or alongside your resume. 

When you need strong references, it's important to structure them so that they stand out and impress the hiring manager, landing you the pivotal interview. 

In this guide, we will be covering the basics of how listing references on your resumes and when to know it’s time to use references.

Plus, we will discuss alternatives to sending references that can help you in situations where sending a reference may be a difficult task. 

How to List References on a Resume

When it comes to listing references on a resume, there are two main ways you can go about it:

1) Make a Dedicated Reference Section

Making a dedicated reference section involves making the space on your existing resume to include a short section with information on your references.

2) Create a Separate Reference Page (recommended)

More often than not, job applicants who have chosen to include references on their resume will do so on an entirely separate page to be included with the resume. 

The second option of listing your references on a separate page is actually the preferred and recommended method.

This is because references are not generally expected to be included on an initial resume and can take up unnecessary space that may be off-putting to hiring managers.

Comparatively, a separate page of references gives the hiring manager the opportunity to look more closely at the information in the resume without becoming visually disoriented by too many sections.

Hint: Not sure how to list other sections of your resume? Check out our Resume Guides to learn more about how to craft each section of your resume. 

When to Put References on a Resume

So, if it is typically not expected to have references included on an initial resume, when is the best time to include references on a resume?

Creating a reference section or page can be necessary depending on a number of situations, including:

• If the employer has specifically requested for references to be included in the job description
• If you have progressed further down the hiring process and have been asked to provide references before or after an interview
• If you are applying to governmental or institutional position, such as a federal job, that will require strong references and a background check

Quick Tip: If you have impressive references, such as a company CEO or another recognizable figure, be sure to make these the most noticeable references and the first ones you list in your reference section. 

Overall, the golden rule is to wait to provide references until they are requested.  

Examples of References on Resumes

Let’s take a look at a few examples of references on resumes to learn more about common mistakes made when crafting a reference and how to correct them. 

It is highly important to include the necessary information to contact a reference – just a name and company is not enough. You should always include at least an official business number and an official business email in your references. 

John Doe CEO of Doe Corporation  123 Avenue Way, New York, NY

John Doe CEO of Doe Corporation 123 Avenue Way (123) 456-9890 [email protected] 

Always be specific when including the reference’s job position or title.

Don’t just list the name of the company without the exact job title to go along with it.

If you are unsure of a reference’s job title, ask them before submitting your references to an employer. 

Jane Smith Works for corporate at Best Buy 42 Wallaby Way (123) 456-7890 [email protected]

Jane Smith Head of Marketing and Sales Best Buy 42 Wallaby Way (123) 456-7890 [email protected]

‍ How to Format a References Section on a Resume

Formatting a reference section will ultimately depend on if it is being created within a larger resume or separately on a different page.

For on-resume reference sections, it is important to keep them as short as possible, potentially even excluding some of the basic information. 

If you are including references directly on a resume, you will likely only want to include one or two of your most relevant and impressive ones in order to not take up too much space. 

When making a separate page for references, you can simply stack them as you would jobs in a work experience section , placing emphasis on relevance in how the references are ordered. 

The Basic Reference Format:

• First and Last name
• Position or Title (i.e. CEO, professor of law, etc.)
• Company or University of Employment
• Company or University Address ( not personal addresses)
• Company or University Phone number
• Company or University Email Address

It is important when writing out your references that you do not include personal information about the reference, such as a personal cellphone number or email, without their explicit permission.

It is best to just air on the side of caution and only include official and public contact information. 

There is, of course, optional additional information you may want or choose to include within a reference.

This can include:

• Your relationship to the reference
• The length of time you worked with this reference
• Examples of experiences or projects that you and a reference shared work on that they can provide greater detail about

As for formatting the rest of your resume, don’t forget to check out our other guides in this series including How to Write the Perfect Resume and How to Choose the Correct Resume Format !

What Not to Include in a Reference on a Resume

We have already covered the basics of what to include and how to format a basic reference – but what kind of information should be excluded from a reference on a resume. 

Here is a quick breakdown of what kinds of information should be excluded from a reference:

• Any personal information
• Lengthy descriptions of your relationship to the reference
• Personal anecdotes or other non-essential information
• Too many references from the same company or employer

You ultimately want to provide concise references that are easy to ready quickly and clearly show why that person has been included as a reference.

Take a look at these two examples on correcting reference errors:

When including additional information, keep it to one line or less of the most relevant information.

Additionally, keep additional specific and don’t use vague wording such as “several years.”

Incorrect :

Jack Frost CEO of Frost Inc. 21 East Avenue (123) 456-7890 [email protected] I worked closely with Jack for a number of years and learned a lot from him that contributed to my skills today. 

Jack Frost CEO of Frost Inc. 21 East Avenue (123) 456-7890 [email protected] I worked as Mr. Frost’s personal and administrative assistant for 8 years.

When making your list of references you plan of including, it is important to not include too many from the same company.

You should only really include two references from the same company if each reference witnessed different skills or accomplishments of yours that the other did not. 

You worked at a corporate company in the communications department as a copywriter, and you have worked with both junior and senior level copywriters who you have included as references.  

You include only the senior copywriter as a reference, as they can better attest to your skills and their position is more impressive and relevant to the job you are seeking. 

How Many References to Add to a Resume

Assuming you are using a separate, dedicated references page, the ideal number of references to aim for is between 3 to 4.

In some cases, you may include up to 5 to 6 references, though generally you should limit yourself to a lower number unless specifically requested to do otherwise. 

When selecting your 3 to 4 references, it is important to keep a few factors in mind:

• Which references hold the highest prestige in their positions, making their inclusion on a references page notable?
• Which references can provide the most relevant information about your work ethic and skills for the job you are currently applying for?
• Which references do you have the strongest relationships with who will go above and beyond to recommend you to a hiring manager?

Who to Ask for References

As you are creating your list of potential references to contact, there are a number of different types of people you can consider including.

It is important to keep in consideration how a reference can relate back to the job you are applying for, and whether their testimony of your work ethic and skills will be relevant enough for the desired position. 

Here are some common examples of who to include as references:

• Former employer or manager
• Supervisor or low-level management
• Coworker, colleague, or team member
• College professor
• Internship supervisor 
• Community member (typically used when a job applicant has limited references but has connections within the community who can validate their experience and skills)
• Business partners (this can be anyone you worked on a project with or shared a similar business experience with)

How to Ask for a Reference

Asking for professional references can be a bit nerve-wrecking, especially if your references are busy people.

The key to asking for references is to be polite and concise in your request. A direct phone call is preferred for asking for references, but a quick email can work in a pinch as well. 

When asking someone to serve as a reference for you, it is important to be considerate of their potentially busy schedule and give them a good time frame for when to expect a call or email.

This is another reason why it is important to wait to provide references until requested, as it will give you a narrower window of time to give to your references of when they will need to be on the lookout a hiring manager to contact them. 

Quick Tip: When you call or email to ask for a reference, this is a great time to confirm that the information you have is correct (such as their specific title and business phone number).

Can People You Have a Personal Relationship with Be a Reference?

It is generally advised against to include references that have a strong personal relationship with you outside of work (such as a significant other, parent, or sibling) as this can result in a biased recommendation from the reference. 

However, exceptions can be made in certain instances, such as if you worked within a family-owned business or if the reference worked directly with you for a long period of time.

In general, however, try to avoid including references that are too personally related to you. 

Alternative Methods for Sending References

If you are a new graduate or are returning to the workforce after some time away, you may not have many recent professional references to include in a resume.

For recent grads, including one or two professors can be acceptable, but you will likely still need other references.

Here are some examples of alternative references when you lack strong professional ones:

• Volunteers you have worked with
• Professors or teachers who have recently taught you
• Community members such as church pastors or mentors who can attest to your character

Final Takeaways

Ultimately, the key to doing references right is to wait to provide them until they are requested by a hiring manager or potential employers.

Once references have been requested, remember the following five takeaways that are key for rocking your reference section:

• Create a separate and dedicated references page to go along with your resume
• Provide all the necessary official contact information
• Avoid including personal information of the reference’s 
• Avoid including references who share too personal of a connection to you
• Include the most relevant or impressive references at the top of the page

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Professional References: What Are They, Who to Ask, and How to Include Them on a Resume?

• Klara Cervenanska , 
• Updated September 25, 2023 6 min read

Today, we're taking a closer look at job applications. More specifically, we're digging into an important part that people often forget: professional references .

Think of it like this. You're interviewing for a job. You've presented your skills, experience, and enthusiasm to the employer. 

But, there's a little doubt lingering in their minds – are you as good as you claim to be?

This is where professional references play their part. Basically, they act as a validation for your job application claims , give employers much-needed reassurance, and confirm you're not just good on paper. 

In this article, we're going to dig deeper.

Table of Contents

Click on a section to skip

What are professional references?

Why do these references matter so much to employers, how to choose professional references, how to ask someone to be a professional reference, how to list professional references on your resume, should you include references on your resume, example of professional references on resume, key takeaways: professional references.

Professional references are individuals who can vouch for you and your qualifications for a job. They've seen your work in action, and they can attest to your ability to deliver on your promises.

Most often, professional references are people you've worked with in past roles. 

They could be your:

• former managers
• colleagues 
• or even clients 

The key here is that they've worked closely with you, and they can confidently recommend you to a potential employer .

It's all about trust and validation. Employers want to be confident that they're making the right hiring decision. And you never know when someone may be lying on their resume . 

A resume can tell them about your achievements, but a reference can provide insight into your work ethic, problem-solving ability, and overall team fit.

A strong professional reference is the "green light" employers need to move forward with a hire. They bridge the gap between a fantastic resume and solid employment. After all, nothing beats a positive word from those who've already experienced your skills and work style firsthand.

So, we've understood what professional references are. Now, let's tackle an important question – how do you choose the right references?

Choosing the right professional reference comes down to finding someone who can do two things:

• Attest to your skills
• Make a positive impression

They're typically individuals you've worked with closely. This could be:

• Former supervisors or managers;
• Colleagues from past roles;
• Clients you've successfully worked with;
• Mentors or coaches from your industry;
• Team members from volunteer or extracurricular activities;
• Teachers , especially if you're a recent graduate;
• Professional acquaintances from industry conferences.

But what about friends? You might wonder. Sure, they might give glowing reviews. but they could be considered biased. It's best to stick to professional contacts. 

And what about asking people? how does that work? Let's look at that more closely.

Asking someone to be your reference needs to be handled delicately and professionally. 

The first thing is to make a simple, direct request. This means you can either:

• Ask someone to be a reference via email
• Make a phone call asking someone to be a reference
• Or ask them to be a reference in person

Either way you choose to ask someone, the key is to ask as directly as possible, "Would you feel comfortable providing a positive reference for me?"  

Keep this in mind: Being someone's professional reference is a responsibility. Not everyone might be comfortable with that. 

Of course, you shouldn't forget to explain your job applications and why you want them as your reference.

If someone is hesitant or outright refuses, don't take it personally. Your references must be willing and able to give a positive account of your skills and experience. 

Finally, show gratitude, irrespective of their answer. You never know when you might need advice, assistance, or another reference down the road.

The easiest way to list professional references on a resume is to create a separate “ Professional references ” resume section, which you can place at the end of the CV.

So, what information goes into this professional references resume section?

Here's what you should list for each reference:

• Their full name
• Their current job title and organization
• Their contact details (email and phone number will do)
• Your relationship with them (e.g., Former Supervisor)

But what if the employer hasn't asked for your references up front, but you think they might be interested? This is where "References available upon request" comes in. 

It's a line you can include at the end of your resume to indicate that you have references ready if needed.

Here's the thing – not every job application requires it. Plus, space on your resume is precious. You're better off using it to showcase your skills and achievements. 

So, in most cases, keep the references off your resume.

However, there are certain situations when it's okay to include references on your resume:

• If the job listing requests them
• If your reference is well-known in the industry or company
• If you're a recent graduate and your resume is sparse
• As a freelancer, where your client references can provide assurance
• If you have an employment gap on your resume, references can offset this

If you find yourself in one of these scenarios, do prepare a separate professional references resume section . 

Let's take a look at a well-done professional references resume section:

PROFESSIONAL REFERENCES

• Relationship: Former supervisor at XYZ Company
• Title: Senior Manager
• Company: XYZ Company
• Phone number: (123) 456-7890
• Email: [email protected]
• Relationship: Former colleague at ABC Corporation
• Title: Project Lead
• Company: ABC Corporation
• Phone number: (234) 567-8901
• Email: [email protected]
• Relationship: Client from freelance contract
• Title: Owner
• Company: Brown Construction
• Phone number: (345) 678-9012
• Email: [email protected]

Or, if you'd like to go the " upon request " way...

• References available upon request

A well-laid professional references page like this one serves as the perfect finishing touch to your application – a snapshot of people ready to vouch for your professional worth.

To make it more tangible, we also provide a visual glimpse into how a “ References ” section can look like in a real-world resume:

You can do this in a super easy way with Kickresume's resume builder , ensuring your references section is not only organized but looks professionally appealing as well. All that in seconds.

And there we have it – a comprehensive look into professional references. From understanding their importance to choosing the right people, putting references on a resume, and topping it off with a great example.

The journey might seem extensive, but the power of professional references in job applications is immense. 

They provide that precious seal of trust for potential employers, confirming that you are as good as your resume says. They provide an extra layer of credibility, making your application stand out.

So, make sure to use this opportunity. Take good care of your professional connections, pick your references smartly, and list them neatly and professionally. 

Your dream job might just be a reference away! 

FAQ: Professional references

Professional references are individuals who can vouch for your professional skills, character, and work experience to a prospective employer.

Usually, employers request 3-4 professional references. However, it's always good to ask a couple more people if someone refuses to be your reference.

Unless you've worked with them professionally, it's best to stick to work contacts like managers, supervisors, colleagues, or clients.

Typically, it's best not to include references in your resume unless the job posting specifically asks for it. Always be ready to provide them upon request, though.

A professional references page is a simple document that lists your references. In this document, list 3+ references and include this information:

- Reference's full name - Their current job title and organization - Their contact details (email and phone number will do) - Your relationship with them (e.g., Former Supervisor)

Klara graduated from the University of St Andrews in Scotland. After having written resumes for many of her fellow students, she began writing full-time for Kickresume. Klara is our go-to person for all things related to student or 'no experience resumes'. At the same time, she has written some of the most popular resume advice articles on this blog. Her pieces were featured in multiple CNBC articles. When she's not writing, you'll probably find her chasing dogs or people-watching while sipping on a cup of coffee.

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How to List References on a Resume (Templates Included)

Mike Simpson 0 Comments

By Mike Simpson

Let’s face facts; writing a resume isn’t always easy. You have to choose the best resume format , discuss the right skills , cover critical achievements, and so much more, all in just a couple of pages. Then, if you need to fit references on a resume, too, it can quickly become overwhelming.

Does that mean you need to panic? Of course not. We’ve got you.

Here’s a look at the right way to list references on a resume, as well as a look at what professional references are, mistakes you want to avoid, and a handy references “template” to get you started on the correct path.

What Are Professional References?

Alright, before we dig into how to list references on a resume, let’s talk about what professional references are in the first place. In the simplest sense, professional references are people who know you through the lens of your career. They’re professionals you have working relationships with, either currently or previously, so they can talk about what you’re like on the job.

Hiring managers value professional references. Why? Because they help them get a better idea of what working with you is like. It really is that simple.

However, it can also go further. Contacting professional references lets the hiring manager confirm some of the details on your resume. That’s right; it’s an honesty check, too.

So, why would you include references on a resume? Isn’t that a less common thing to do today?

It is true that adding references to your resume isn’t the norm, but that doesn’t mean you’ll never need to do it. While 80 percent of employers will call your references during that hiring process, 16 percent of those actually reach out to a candidate’s references before they invite them in for interviews.

What does that mean for you? Well, mainly, that knowing how to list references on a resume is a good idea. That way, if you find an excellent opportunity with a company that wants your professional references from the get-go, you’ll be ready.

Common Mistakes When Listing References on a Resume and How to Avoid Them

As with all parts of a resume, avoiding missteps is crucial. Even small errors can derail your chances of getting called in for an interview or landing the job, so you really do need to dedicate time and energy to making sure everything is right.

So, what’s one of the biggest mistakes you can make when putting references on a resume? Well, putting a fake one on the list is a doozy.

A fake professional reference? What on earth is that? Well, usually, it’s when a person lists a contact who they have no professional relationship with and then asks that person to lie to make them look good. At times, it means listing a contact that doesn’t actually exist, including a made-up name, company, phone number, email address, and more. Yes, for some reason, candidates sometimes try that.

Dishonesty is always a big no-no. Why? Because if you get caught – and the odds are pretty good that you will – it will probably cost you. Overall, about 65 percent of candidates who get busted in a lie either don’t get the job or get fired if they were selected and start in the role. Who wants to take that kind of risk?

Plus, if word gets out that you lied, that can haunt you. Remember, people talk, so there is always a chance that the hiring manager will let others know about your less-than-scrupulous behavior.

Is that the only misstep? No, it isn’t. Selecting the wrong references is another one.

When you pick people to ask to reference, you need to choose wisely. First, you want people where there is a professional connection. Past managers, colleagues, mentors, customers, and similar professionals are your best bets.

Generally, don’t list friends unless the company explicitly requests that kind of personal reference. Hiring managers won’t necessarily find much value in these references.

The same goes for family members unless you have a working relationship. For example, if you had a job in the family business, then including a family member may be okay. Otherwise, skip them.

Second, you want to choose people who have good things to say about you in a professional context. Listing a past manager or colleague who you didn’t get along with is a horrible idea. They might not have the kindest words to share, and that can keep you from getting the job.

Ideally, they can discuss an accomplishment that really highlights what you have to offer, as well as talk about workplace attitude in a glowing way. You want someone who can champion your awesomeness, ensuring the hiring manager gets the right idea about what you bring to the table.

Finally, whatever you do, don’t have any references listed on a resume that’s publicly accessible. If you do, you’re essentially broadcasting other people’s contact details, opening them up to unwanted calls, including scams. While it may not directly hurt your job search, it is a major faux pas, one that could harm your reputation with your references and make them less inclined to say nice things about you going forward.

How to List References on a Resume

Alright, now it’s time for what you’ve been waiting for: a close look at how to put references on a resume. If you want to make sure you get it right, here is a step-by-step approach that covers it all.

1. Ask Permission

Why is “ask permission” step one? Because you should never blindside someone by listing them without their knowledge, that’s why.

Being someone’s professional reference is a favor, as well as a big responsibility. Some people aren’t going to be comfortable with being put on the spot, particularly if they don’t know a hiring manager might come calling.

So, before you include anyone as a reference on your resume, pick up the phone, give them a call, and make sure they are cool with it. Then, accept their answer.

Typically, you’ll want to get permission from three contacts. Why three? Because that’s the most commonly requested number of professional references. By getting them all handled now, you’ll usually be able to provide everything the hiring manager needs in this department in one fell swoop.

2. Get Updated Contact Information

Once you have a person’s permission, ask them to provide updated contact information. Usually, you’ll need their current job title, employer’s name, employer’s address, a daytime phone number, and an email address.

3. Start a New Page

When you’re adding a reference list to your resume, you want to start it on a new page. Additionally, it shouldn’t be any longer than a single page, as anything more is a bit excessive at such an early step in the hiring process.

It’s also important to note that your reference list will typically be the last page of the resume document. However, make sure you check the instructions for applying as some hiring managers will want them submitted as a separate document, not unlike how you usually need to go with cover letters .

4. Add Your Contact Information

Since your professional references are on a separate page, you want to add your contact details at the top. That way, if the page gets separated from the rest, the hiring manager will know whose references they are.

4. Keep It Simple

A professional reference list isn’t embellished. All you need to do is to write a header explaining that these are your professional references and then include the contact details for each person in succession, with a clear division between each person’s info.

Along with adding a space between each one, consider bolding the contacts’ names. That helps each listing stand out, and it looks much better than numbering your reference list.

5. Choose the Right Order

When you need to decide which reference to list first, go with the person who is most likely to give you an exceptional recommendation. Hiring managers may not reach out to everyone. So, by leading with the best, you’re increasing the odds that that reference will get a call.

6. Add a Short Statement Outlining Your Relationship

Along with the person’s contact details, it isn’t a bad idea to add a quick note about your relationship with each reference. That lets the hiring manager know a little about why they should care about what this person has to say, so it doesn’t hurt to do it.

What should you write? Well, mention the kind of working relationship you had, where you were working at the time, and how long you knew them. For example, “My direct manager at ABC Company from 2018 to 2022” is enough to provide the hiring manager with some context.

References on a Resume Sample

Alright, if you really want to know how to list references on a resume, a resume references example is a good place to start. It’ll give you insights into the format, making it easier for you to follow along.

To give you even more information, we’re going to cover two. First, there’s a references on a resume sample that shows you exactly what each entry needs to look like. Second, there’s a handy template that you can use when you’re creating a resume.

Resume References Example

Here is what a single professional reference entry usually looks like on a resume:

123 Main Street

Anytown, State, 12345

555-555-5555

[email protected]

My direct manager at XYZ, Inc. from 2018 to 2022

Resume References Template

Here’s a quick template for creating your reference page for a resume:

Your Address as Listed on Page One of Your Resume

Your Phone Number

Your Email Address

Section Heading, Usually “Professional References”

First Reference Name

City, State, Zip Code

Phone Number

Email Address

Relationship Description

Second Reference Name

Third Reference Name

Putting It All Together

At this point, you should have a solid idea of how to list references on a resume. Use all of the tips, the sample, and the template to your advantage. That way, if you ever need to include professional references as part of your resume, you’ll be good to go.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com.

His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others.

Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

About The Author

Mike simpson.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com. His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

Copyright © 2024 · TheInterviewguys.com · All Rights Reserved

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A quick guide on how to list references on a resume

Jump to section

Should you include references on your resume?

Choosing the right references, what information do you need for a reference, tips and tricks for creating a reference sheet, a resume rolodex on the ready.

Job searching is nerve-wracking . We want our resume to leave a good first impression on hiring managers and don’t want to waste applying to positions we won’t hear back from. 

Some trial and error is inevitable when applying for jobs. There’s always a learning curve if you’re entering the workforce or switching industries. But one piece of advice will help ease the process: always tailor applications to the job posting. This includes references. 

Choosing whether to include a reference section on your resume depends on several factors, including your work experience and the job ad. We’ll discuss how to list references on a resume and when to include them.

We’ll also note how to write and format a reference list and include templates and tips to get you started.

In most cases, including references on your resume isn’t necessary — but that doesn’t mean it’s always a bad idea.

When hiring managers look at a resume, their main focus is auditing your skills and work experience to see if you qualify for the role. Based on that information, they’ll decide whether or not to invite you for an interview. Contacting references usually happens after you move past this first meeting. 

Resumes are most effective when they’re clean and concise. They get through applicant tracking systems more successfully and are easier for hiring managers to read.

When you submit a resume online, it often goes through an applicant tracking software which detects specifics the employer has outlined. If it notices these specifications, your resume moves to the next stage. According to Jobscan, 99% of Fortune 500 companies use applicant tracking systems , so it’s worth simplifying your resume by omitting references to successfully move through these. 

But that doesn't mean requiring references for a job is obsolete. You should always prepare to provide references to a potential employer by creating a resume reference list, should they ask for one.

A resume reference list is a separate document with all your references’ contact information. Recruiters, hiring managers, or direct managers may contact people on your resume reference list to verify your work history and job performance or ask behavioral questions to understand your character.

While in most cases you should only offer references when a hiring manager requests, if you’re a university student, recent grad, or a candidate applying to an entry-level position, providing references will help bolster your application.

Even if a recruiter doesn't call your references before the interview, including them is a great way to demonstrate that you’ve taken initiative to build professional relationships .

Some of the best career advice to take in earnest is to tailor your resume to each job posting. This is the best way to align your skills and experience with the company culture and job description.

Using similar language to the job description when advertising your hard and soft skills makes it easier for recruiters to immediately notice you qualify for the position. 

The same rings true when sending references. 

Imagine you’re a graphic designer applying for two positions. One is client-facing, while the other requires you to work exclusively with an internal project manager.

In the first scenario, you’ll want to include a former client that can attest to your work ethic and ability to meet deadlines and manage projects. In the latter, you’ll want to include former managers and direct supervisors to vouch for your ability to work in a more collaborative setting .

When narrowing down your choices, consider people that’ll give good character references . Choose contacts who will sing your praises and highlight your strongest qualities, skills, and qualifications.

These are the best people to include as references:

• Current or former manager or direct supervisor
• Current or former colleague
• Current or former client
• Academic advisor, professional mentor, or career coach

Make sure you’re comfortable with your references knowing you’re actively looking for a job, especially if they’re people you currently work with. Asking a present colleague or manager might create unnecessary tension at your job — especially if you aren’t committed to leaving.

It's also essential to ask people if they’re willing to be a reference for you before giving their information out. Confirm people’s preferred mode of contact before sending reference information.

Some companies require a lengthy phone call with your reference, while a brief email is enough for others. Be sure you respect your references' time and preferences by giving them time to prepare and a heads up if an interview goes well.

It’s also nice to send a thank you note to those who accept being your reference, especially if a potential employer contacts them, to express gratitude and strengthen your connection.

Writing a reference on a resume or reference sheet differs slightly. With a reference sheet, you have more room and should include the following: 

• Reference name
• Company name and current job title
• Brief description of your relationship (former colleague, previous employer, ongoing or past client)
• Number of years you worked together
• Company address, including professional phone number and email address

The way you include references on your resume will be sparser, as you’ll have less space. Here’s how to format references on a resume:

• Company name, job title, relationship
• Preferred form of contact

If you’re really tight for space, just add “References available upon request” at the bottom so employers know you have some prepared if needed.

Include 2–3 references on a resume and 3–5 on a reference sheet. Never submit your reference sheet with your resume — save it for employers that ask. You can prepare one and bring it to an interview in case they request it in the moment. 

You should also have an easily editable file to send with a follow-up email to the hiring manager if you’re asked for references during a phone or video interview. 

A reference sheet is a valuable way to prepare for an interview. Here are three tips so your document persuades recruiters : 

1. No personal info

Only include your reference's professional contact information, like a company email, address, and phone number. Don’t give away a contact's personal information unless they’ve explicitly asked you to.

Giving away someone's private information without their consent will likely catch them by surprise and could affect how they talk about you. It also looks less professional to employers. 

2. Keep it short and professional

Keep relationship descriptions short and sweet and avoid personal anecdotes or oversharing.

Here’s a good resume reference example: 

Sheryl Dove, Head Project Manager

Sheryl was my direct supervisor at [company name] from 2019 to 2022. She oversaw my work on backend software development for more than 25 apps for 12 clients.

Why it works: The description gives all the appropriate, specific information (relationship, business, and years) with number-driven information that will tie into the skills and references on your resume.

Here’s an example of what not to write: 

Sheryl Dove, Manager, [company name]

I loved working with Sheryl. She is an amazing project manager and I got to enjoy three great years with her. We worked together on lots of projects for many clients. I loved working on apps with her, and she also has the cutest dog.

Why it doesn't work: The description is unnecessarily personal and sounds like a recommendation for Sheryl rather than you. It also forces the hiring manager to do too much work to understand when and where you worked together. 

3. Provide variety

The ideal set of references will show the breadth of your career. Try not to include too many individuals from one company or only your direct supervisor in each role. Instead, provide references that reflect the variety of experiences you’ve included on your resume.

Unless you’re new to the job market or industry, it’s best to keep references off your resume and instead include a reference sheet for requests. No matter the avenue you take, you should know how to list references on a resume or prepare a reference list for when you need one. 

Scour your professional contacts and reach out to people you’ve worked directly with and had great experiences with.

Feel free to request certain information from them, like asking a reference to mention how well a specific project went or how quickly you were promoted. Your application will stand out thanks to your initiative and preparedness.

Understand Yourself Better:

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Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

What are professional references and how to ask for one (examples)

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How to List Professional References on a Resume [+Examples]

• April 27, 2024
• In Resumes & Cover Letters

When job hunting, you may often be asked to present a list of professional references. While some employers only ask for one after an interview, others may expect it as a part of your job application. Either way, you should be ready to supply a list of professional references. To find out what professional references are and how to comprise a list of them, keep reading.

What are professional references?

Professional references are individuals who can vouch for your skills, abilities, and work ethic in a professional setting. They provide personalized and experience-driven information about your job performance and suitability for employment. These references often include your performance at work, strengths and weaknesses, work ethic, integrity, how you work with colleagues and management, and confirmation of your employment at a company.

Professional references can be current or ex-supervisors, colleagues, clients, vendors, professors, trainers, coaches, mentors, or external stakeholders you have interacted with during your professional experience.

When to include professional references on your resume

Unless you’re just starting out in the job market or transitioning to a new industry, it’s usually advisable to leave references off your resume. However, in certain situations, like when applying for entry-level positions or making a career change, you might opt to include references directly on your resume or on a separate reference page.

How to list professional references

When preparing a list of professional references, it’s important to follow certain guidelines to ensure it is well-organized and presents your credentials effectively. Here are the key steps to consider:

1. Create a separate reference list

It’s best to keep references off your resume and instead include a separate reference sheet for requests. This allows you to provide references when requested without cluttering your resume

2. Select the right references

Choose the right references by preparing a list of three to five individuals who can attest to your expertise and qualifications. Ensure these references align with the job you’re seeking and can speak to your relevant work skills and experience. Select individuals who can confidently discuss your abilities and with whom you have a professional working relationship.

3.  Formatting your reference list

To ensure a cohesive presentation, establish a distinct file for your professional references that mirrors the formatting and style of your resume and cover letter. Each reference’s name and contact details should be clearly listed, prioritizing the most pertinent and valuable information for potential employers.

4.  Providing the list

It’s important to ensure that the list is professionally formatted, easy to read, and free of any typos or errors. Additionally, take the time to notify your references about the job you are applying for and request their permission to be listed as a professional reference.  

Example of a professional reference for a nurse

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to highly recommend Sarah Dumont for the Registered Nurse position at your facility. I have had the privilege of working closely with Sarah at Omega Healthcare for the past eight years, where she consistently demonstrated exceptional skills and dedication to patient care.

Sarah is an incredibly responsible, efficient, and compassionate nurse. Her enthusiasm for providing high-quality care is evident in her interactions with patients and colleagues. She has a natural ability to connect with patients and their families, providing not only safe nursing care but also valuable education and support.

During her time at Omega Healthcare, Sarah stood out as one of the most talented and caring nurses on our team. Her colleagues often sought her guidance, and she played a significant role in mentoring and training new staff members. Her commitment to excellence and her kindhearted nature make her an invaluable asset to any healthcare team.

I am confident that Sarah’s exceptional skills, dedication, and compassionate approach to patient care make her an ideal candidate for the Registered Nurse position at your facility. If you require any further information about Sarah’s background and qualifications, please do not hesitate to contact me at (000) 548-9878 or via email at [email protected] .

Sincere regards,

 Jana  Colleman Nurse Manager Omega Healthcare (000) 548-9878 email: [email protected]

This example reference letter for a nurse showcases the professional endorsement of the candidate’s skills, work ethic, and character, which are essential qualities for a successful nursing career.

List of professional references template MS Word

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Many people don’t know whether they should include references on a resume. The problem is that while it used to be standard practice, it’s now something that’s done more by request or on an as-needed basis. Between privacy issues and more accessible information, employers aren’t as readily seeking a list of people who can vouch for you professionally, personally, or otherwise.

Read on to learn all about when, why, and how to list references on your resume, including plenty of examples and tips to assist you in the process.

Do you put references on a resume?

Should you put references on a resume? There has always been a little bit of debate as to whether you should put references on a resume from the start or offer them at a later time. There are also several factors involved in this decision, but the consensus is the same across the board: we don’t really do that anymore.

There are several reasons that references on resume documents have fallen out of fashion. For starters, resumes are no longer as private as they once were. Before the Internet, most resumes were sent to one office, privately, and not exposed to the general public. Therefore, people could include sensitive personal information like resume names, phone numbers, and other contact details.

Today, however, adding that information to a resume is often like sending people’s information out into the ether for anyone to get their hands on—hackers, spammers, and identity thieves are just waiting for unsuspecting people to put information out there in the Internet space. There are several other reasons that the trend of resumes with references is disappearing, but privacy is a big factor.

Of course, there are exceptions to every rule. There are some instances where references on a resume can be helpful. There are also ways to list references so that you’re not compromising privacy, but still showing companies that you have people who can vouch for both your character and your professional capabilities. If you’re asking yourself, “Should I put references on my resume?” , read on.

Pros of including professional references on a resume

Some benefits come from having references readily available on your resume. For starters, it saves you from having to provide them at a later time. Sending a reference page for a resume will show that you’re planning by providing as much information as possible. It can also help lend to your credibility because employers can see that you’re ready with people to sing your praises.

Cons of including work references on a resume 

Of course, you also have to consider the potential drawbacks of adding references to your work resume. For starters, it takes up more space and might draw the reader’s attention away from the other parts of the resume, which are far more important. In a lot of cases, as discussed, adding resumes also creates “spillover” onto a second page. That should also be avoided at all costs.

There is also the privacy concern that comes from listing references on a resume. It might be better to create a separate references page for resume submissions and have it available to send on an as-requested basis.

When to list references on a resume

The obvious exception to the “no references” rule is if an employer specifically requests that you provide references on your resume—do it. Make sure that you provide the right type of references, too. If they don’t specify, it’s advised to start with professional references. Then, if they want personal references, they can reach out for further information.

You should also clarify whether they want the references on the resume, or if they are seeking a different document. It’s usually best to provide a separate document with just the references so that they can follow up. After all, your resume already has so much information, and hiring managers will always tell you that in their world, less is more.

How to list references on a resume: Full 6-step guide for 2024

To learn how to write references on a resume, we have prepared a step-by-step guide to assist you.

Step 1: Decide how many references you need 

How many references should you have on a resume? This is the age-old question. Most people like the number three, but some jobs may require more (or fewer). Three is a good number to stick with if you’re not sure. You’ll also need to decide whether they are personal or professional references or both.

Protips for this step

If all else fails, ask the employer what they want. Ask how many of which type of references they need, as well as what contact information is required (that will come in handy in a later step).

Step 2: Determine how to add the references 

When you are adding references to a resume, there are typically two different ways that you can do it. You can add a separate section for the references at the end of the resume. Some people opt to create a separate document just for the references. This helps ensure that there is no spillover on the original resume. It also provides a more secure way to transmit information.

If you aren’t sure how you want to do it, consider if there is space for a dedicated reference section on your resume in its current form—will you have to make major changes or reduce the content to make them fit? You can also ask what the employer prefers. Some may want a separate document while others might want them on the same page. Still more might tell you to email them over separately for privacy.

Step 3: Get permission from everyone 

There are countless hiring horror stories of people using references without asking. Not only is this in bad form, but it’s also just a bad idea. If you use someone as a reference, they should be expecting a call from the employer. Otherwise, they won’t know to answer the phone or check their email. Not only that, but people might not be comfortable being used as a reference for one reason or another.

It isn’t hard. Just send a quick email or text, or make a quick call and say:

“I’m applying for a position that wants [personal/professional] references; is it okay if I use you as one? And which information should I provide for contact?”

Usually, people will be happy to provide a reference, but in case they aren’t, it’s always safest to ask first.

Be courteous, always. Never assume that someone is okay with you giving out their information. You also can’t assume that a one-time reference will be someone that you can use on every resume. If nothing else, asking each time lets people know that someone may be reaching out so they can expect the contact.

Step 4: Collect contact information 

Once you have permission, you can start collecting any contact information that you don’t already have. Some people have phone numbers and emails handy for their references already, while others have to seek out the information. In either case, make sure that you get the information and ensure that it is accurate. If you don’t know what information you need, it’s best to gather more just to be safe. And remember, the information that you need may vary based on the type of reference being used.

Protips for this step:

Ask the employer how much information they want, which type of contact information they prefer, etc. If you’re being asked to submit references, you want to make sure that you get them right. Perhaps an employer only wants to email people and you only send phone numbers—that isn’t going to work out and it could delay the process.

Step 5: Compile references and their contact details 

Now it’s time to compile the references that you have collected and add their information to the resume, or the resume references list. Make sure that you double-check the information at this stage and use care when typing or pasting it into the document. The last thing you need is a wayward typo derailing a reference contact.

Use the examples below and available references templates to compile and format your references properly. (More on formatting in the next section)

Step 6: Submit your resume 

You’re all done! You have the references listed on your resume or a separate page, and you have verified the contact details. You fixed the formatting and are ready to submit—now just click send, and let the employer do their work. It can take some time for employers to get to references, even when they’re requested, so don’t get too anxious if you don’t get any immediate feedback.

Make sure that you are following the employer’s request to the letter. If you’re providing references without a direct request, use standard formatting guidelines for best results.

How to format resume references

Now we’re getting to the important part. Learning where to put references on a resume and how to do it can make or break your chances of success. If you aren’t sure how many references for a resume are required, you can always ask. As an alternative, you can provide 3-4 references, which is a standard number for most employers.

Create a dedicated page or section on your resume 

As mentioned, you must have a dedicated space for references that is clearly marked and easy to find. In some cases, it’s better to attach a separate reference sheet for this reason. A separate sheet could also increase the privacy factor and ensure that only people who request references get them.

You shouldn’t mix references in with your job history or try to link them together in any way—the employer can make the connections if necessary and trying to do so will only turn your resume into a mess, and fast. Keep them separate and easily identifiable.

Keep the formatting consistent 

You also need to keep formatting consistent between your resume, cover letter, and reference page. This includes the font size, color, and other details, as well as the spacing and other formatting elements. Some people want to use different templates or designs for each element but that can make it difficult for employers to keep track of your documents. Consistency ensures that they know your documents from the rest and will not get things mixed up.

Use a standard list format 

Sometimes, people want to get fancy with formatting on resumes, as if that might impress employers. Unfortunately, usually, that only makes things difficult to read and follow. For example, you may see reference lists where people attempt to list them all on a single line using dots or em dashes (—), but that can get confusing and if the formatting gets lost in translation it can be a nightmare.

Professional reference format

• Relationship

Personal reference format

• Relationship/years known

Educational reference format

• Position/Role (teacher, professor, advisor, etc.)

Resume references examples

To help you make the most of your resume reference page or list, here are a few examples.

Example 1: Educational references 

In this references on resume example, you can see the information is clear, direct, and thorough. These are educational references and the candidate has provided their name, school, email, and phone number. Some people will take the extra step and also add the position of the reference or their relationship with the candidate, but it’s not always necessary.

Example #2: Professional references 

Here is a great example of a professional reference list for a resume. It is shown as a separate page, but she includes her personal information in the matching header for consistency. It includes the name, position, company information, and contact details for each reference. As a bonus, she offers a brief explanation of how each reference relates to her professional experience.

Example #3: Personal references

It’s less common for companies to request personal references on a resume or for a job, but if they do, they need to be listed differently. This is another educational list, but it’s former teachers, so it will usually qualify as a personal reference to most employers. If you do list family or friends, you can simply list them as follows:

John Smith – Father-in-Law 

Years Known: 12

Phone: 555-123-4567

Email: [email protected]

This allows you to cover the important bases: who they are, how long they’ve known you, and how the employer can get in touch to get the reference.

Example #4: Mixed references

This is a great example of offering a little bit of everything. There is an educational reference, a professional reference, and a personal reference. And, the writer has included all of the necessary contact information and relationship details to help employers understand who they are contacting.

Professional references template

Here is a great resume references template that you can use to create your own resume list for employers. Remember, if you’re using personal or academic references, you can make the necessary adjustments.

Who to ask to be a reference for your resume

There are several people that you can ask to be a reference for your resume, depending on the type of reference that you need:

• Former employers
• Managers and supervisors
• Coworkers and professional peers
• Family and friends (personal references)
• Group leaders (pastors, youth leaders, scout leaders, etc.)
• Teachers, professors, and other educators

How to request references for a resume: 5 tips that work

There are a lot of ways that you can go about asking for references, and for the most part, people are usually more than willing. However, if you want to be sure that you seal the deal, here are five quick-fire tips before we close:

• Choose the people you use as references carefully because they will often impact the employer’s decision.
• Notify references in advance; in addition to asking their permission, let them know what the reference is for and when to expect contact.
• Be polite and explain why you want to use someone as a reference—flattery will get you far.
• Provide details to both references and employers so that everyone knows what to expect.
• Finally, and most importantly, never, ever lie about references . Not only is it in bad form, but we live in the digital age where employers will find out fast that your former supervisor “Cathleen” is actually your sister-in-law.

Key takeaways on references on resumes

There is certainly a case for listing references on a resume, but it may not always be necessary. As you have learned, sometimes it is job-specific, while in other cases, it might be a decision based on a level of skill or the career role. Ultimately, it is best to consider the job at hand and wait until you’re asked to provide references. And when you do, make sure that you format them properly, provide the necessary contact details, and submit them in a professional, easy-to-read format. With these tips, your reference submissions should be a game-changer moving forward.

Is it ok to not put references on a resume?

Yes. The general rule of thumb is that you don’t need references on a resume these days. That’s because the references aren’t required until later in the interview and screening process. Most employers won’t even ask for references unless they are considering hiring a candidate. There are exceptions to this, of course.

Is it bad to put “references available upon request” on a resume?

Most experts also suggest that you don’t waste time or space putting “references available upon request” on your resume. It’s assumed by most employers that if they ask for references at any point, you will provide them. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to state the obvious.

The exception, of course, is if a job listing asks for references in the post specifically or if you know that it will be a part of the job interview process. But again, most employers anticipate that candidates can and will provide references as asked.

What are personal vs. professional references?

Personal references refer to family and friends, as well as friends of family, etc. These are people who have known you throughout your life and can vouch for your character. They may also include teachers, pastors, and other mentors or leaders.

Professional references are those who have seen your capabilities and can speak for you on a professional level. These can be coworkers, former bosses and supervisors, or other professional connections that you have made over the years.

Should I include references if my resume is too short?

No. For starters, there is no such thing as a resume that is “too short”—the length designates your experience in the job market. Entry-level candidates are expected to have limited experience. And if someone has had the same position for 10 years, they probably will have a shorter resume because there are fewer jobs. Do not add references just to bulk up the content.

Should you use a friend as a personal reference?

Friends are a great example of a personal reference. Family is usually preferred because they tend to have the most experience with your character. However, if a company requests personal references, you can absolutely use friends, as well as:

• Family members
• Club leaders

If a company asks for professional references, you should not use friends or family.

Can I put three references on my resume?

Usually, three references are standard. Some employers may ask for more, or they may only want one or two. If your resume has room to include three references without spilling over onto a second page, go ahead. That is, of course, if they were requested by the employer or part of the job posting. Otherwise, again, you can probably just skip them entirely.

Can I have two references on my resume?

Two references are good, but as mentioned above, most will ask for three. No one quite knows where the magic number three came from, but it has been common for almost as long as references have been used. Again, find out what the employer wants and make sure adding references isn’t going to create a spillover page, and you’ll be fine.

How do you list federal references on a resume?

The federal resume format generally requires that you list the federal office or organization, the supervisor’s name and contact information, and their title and relationship to you in the position. Federal resumes usually require a minimum of five references or positions in job history or a combination of the two.

How do you list babysitting references on a resume?

Babysitting references are a little easier than most. Usually, can simply list the name of the parent for which you babysat along with their phone number and/or email address. Be sure to ask permission or let parents know that you are submitting a resume or providing their information as a professional reference.

You should also ask which contact information is okay to share, how they prefer to be contacted, and whether they are comfortable with the submission method (resume, email, etc.).

Client provided

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How to List References on a Resume [And If You Should]

Should you include references on your resume? Learn whether you should include professional references on your resume and how to list references when needed.

A professional reference is a potential employer’s inside look at what you are like to work with.

Sometimes, a glowing reference from the right person can be exactly what lands you your dream job.

Are you writing “References Are Available on Request” on your resume? Maybe you have your mom as your first choice for references.

Neither of these is advised.

This article will give you guidance as to exactly how to present your professional references to a potential employer.

From who to ask to provide references, to how to approach that issue, and much more, we will show you how to best handle the matter of references on resumes.

Should You Include References on a Resume?

Most of the time, you’ll find that the answer is actually a straight, “No!”

If there are 250 applicants for a job, can you imagine a hiring manager calling 750 to 1250 references?

Not really. References are usually requested far down the line when the number of candidates has been whittled down.

What about saying “References Available Upon Request” on my resume? Is that a good compromise?

That’s like saying, “Applicant has a pulse.” It’s obvious.

Your resume is short and sweet. Do not waste space with an out-dated sentence like that.

And if you don’t have references available, then that is a mistake as well.

Consider also that if you are applying online, you do not want to include a list of references for another reason.

The reason is that you will be giving the contact details of your references to whoever sees your resume.

That is not ideal. Your references may not agree to be referenced for you again.

A general rule is just that, general. Specific instances will be different.

Do not just assume that your resume will never need a reference page.

Perhaps references on your resume will be explicitly requested, in which case, include a professional reference page.

If references on your resume are requested and you do not include them, then that isn’t going to end well for you. You have shown that you cannot follow directions and now the recruiter may need to contact you for the missing information, if they take the time to do so.

If you can’t decide whether or not to include references, don’t. Wait for them to be specifically requested.

How to List Professional References on a Resume

If you have determined that you do need to include references on your resume, we will explain how to do this correctly.

Regardless of how many references that you have listed, always put your best reference at the top.

That may be your highest ranking reference, it may be your reference that already works where you are applying to, it may be the reference who can best state your skills.

In every case, you want to be prudent about who you list. You will receive advice on exactly how to approach this later on.

This is how you should list professional references on a resume:

• Reference’s first and last name
• Reference’s current job title
• Company reference currently works for
• (Optional) Company’s address
• Reference’s email address
• Reference’s phone number
• (Optional) Background information on your relationship with your reference

With that order, your reference will look something like this:

You may wish to give some background on the nature of the relationship with your reference.

It is not essential to include details, provided that you state their role in your list, but sometimes your relationship helps give context as to why they are a reference.

How Many References Should You Include?

How many references you have really depends on your prior experience and the job that you are applying for.

If you have just graduated, and have limited experience, it is perfectly acceptable to have 3 or 4 references.

However, if you have worked for a long time and are applying for an executive role, you should have at least 5, even up to 7 references.

However, read the job posting carefully.

If your potential employer says that they want 4, then provide them with 4.

You do not want to make it look like you are already not following their instructions.

If you provide 7 references, remember that your potential employer may only contact a few people. Ensure that your references are solid as stand-alone references, rather than as a group as you do not know who will be contacted.

Resume References Example

Even if your resume does not end at the bottom of the page, you should still be sure to start your reference list on a separate page.

Carry over your contact information section from your resume and use the same formatting.

After that, begin with your references.

As stated above, list your references with your best one at the top. Oftentimes, that will be the most relevant reference at the top.

A reference list with three references may look like this. Click the image to download the template.

As stated before, having three references is not a mandatory amount at all. Submit as many as were requested.

If there isn’t a specific number requested, add according to experience and what you are applying for.

(Read How To Make a Resume That Gets Past the Robots for more information on writing the other sections of your resume.)

Resume References Format (to Submit After Your Resume)

A reference list on your resume will be included in the same document.

A reference sheet is a separate document that you can submit when references are requested during the hiring process and is not attached directly to your resume.

Much like with the reference page on your resume, emphasis will be in the very same places. The document is essentially the same.

While either of these formats can be used to list your references, here is an example of a reference sheet that is more simplified than the sample above. Click the image to download the template.

Ensure that the font, font size, margins, and color scheme match those on your resume and cover letter.

This will ensure that the document looks similar to what you have already submitted.

How to Ask for a Reference

There are many ways that you can ask for a professional reference.

If you are on the phone with a potential reference, ask them then.

If you are talking with them in person, it will be a good idea to ask them then.

You definitely want to ask your references for permission before giving out their personal information.

You do not want them to be surprised by an unexpected call regarding your application.

You also want them to have time to prepare. With adequate preparation time, you will get a better reference by virtue of the fact that they could plan ahead.

That person might not actually want to provide a reference.

If they do not want to be a reference for you, then being surprised by a call is even less likely to yield positive results for you.

Asking for permission also helps ensure that you provide the correct contact details of your references.

Who Are Good References on a Resume?

Selection is vital.

Perhaps you have worked in a number of jobs and have access to reference options from countless colleagues. In addition, you may have a significant number of former subordinates, supervisors, and bosses.

Your go-to should not just be to pick out the most prestigious ones. Relevance matters.

A mix is great, as it allows for a fuller character picture based on how you are perceived by both your superiors and your subordinates.

Below is a list of potential references:

• Former or current supervisor
• Former or current colleague
• Former of current subordinate
• Former or current professor/teacher
• Business partner

If your job search is discreet, it goes without saying that your current coworkers will not be a good option for you.

Remember to be specific when talking to your references.

Do you recall that time that you collaborated on a project with your reference and you saw a 10% rise in net profit in that area? Remind them. Then when called, they can say:

Yes. I worked with Mr. Smith for 7 years at ABC Company. We achieved a lot together, but a highlight was when we collaborated on a project which led to a 10% rise in net profit. It was a shame that he had to leave us, but I would absolutely give my recommendation.

That is a lot better than them receiving a call out of the blue and saying:

Yes. I worked with Mr Smith for some time. He was a good worker who I liked working with. Yeah, I’d recommend him.

Being on the same page as who is giving your reference will help you a lot.

Additionally, advice about confidential applications is different.

If you don’t want your current employer to know, be smart.

You want to avoid asking anyone currently working for, or in contact with, your employer.

No matter who you ask, and if they promise to keep it confidential, they still can reveal your secret, even by accident.

Eliminate that risk by asking people who aren’t connected to your current job.

If you struggle to think of a specific achievement that your reference can highlight, remember to check key achievements in that shared job on your resume.

Who Are Bad References on a Resume?

Apart from colleagues and your current boss (if you are applying elsewhere discretely), there is a general rule that will you do well to remember.

When considering who should be a reference on your resume, remember that it is almost always a drawback to have personal rather than professional references.

A colleague that you worked with for years is a far better option than an aunt of yours that thinks your lemon drizzle cake is worth dying for.

It is great to make these personal connections and memories, but a potential employer will doubt a good reference from a relative as they are unlikely to mention any drawbacks, no matter how messy your bedroom is.

Friends are generally a no-no as well. However, if they currently work where you are applying, that may be more acceptable.

Also, remember anyone that you have clashed with is not someone you should list as a reference.

Even if things are better between the two of you now, you never know for sure that they are not going to mention it.

They might say something like this:

In our time working together, Ms. Smith was a diligent worker who endeavored to do her job to the best of her ability. However, she was occasionally prone to butting heads with colleagues if she disagreed about something. That may not be an issue now, but it was in my experience.

Being on better terms as you leave is great, but your history with that colleague remains.

In times like these, it is certainly best to err on the side of caution.

If there are two colleagues of note in the same job, but you only butted heads with one of them, then it should be obvious as to who to go with.

Stay on the safe side.

Shortlist the Perfect References

As stated before, you need to select the best references.

Depending on what role you are applying for, you can often select what references are better than others.

What references can highlight your skills that are the most relevant to this job?

What references currently work in that field, or a similar field?

Always aim to have these targeted references.

If you are a graduate in your early 20s, getting a reference from a professor is great. However, in your 40s, it is not nearly as ideal. They can only vouch for your aptitude a long time ago.

Be as up to date as you can, especially for key references.

Always have individuals lined up for references if you are beginning a job search. That way, you don’t have to pull a list together on very short notice.

Sample Email to Request a Reference

You may have to ask for a reference via email rather than on the phone or in person.

You have the opportunity here to choose your words carefully. Make the most of this by keeping the email from being vague.

Below is a sample of how an email to a reference might look:

Hi [Reference Name],

I hope you are well and having a great week!

We had talked previously about you providing a reference for me. I have since applied for [Job] at [Company]. I believe that I will likely be considered, in which case, references would be required. If you do not wish to provide a reference after all, that is absolutely fine.

However, the work that we did together remains one of the fondest professional memories that I have. I especially recall when we worked on [project] and saw [results]. I would be very grateful if you were willing to talk a little about this.

Best Wishes,

[Your Name]

See what that accomplishes?

It doesn’t only ask for a reference.

The email says where you have applied, and it provides some ammunition for the reference to use.

The reference is up to speed on your application because of your email. This is definitely better than expecting them to figure it out for themselves.

Even if they are not up for it, the worst that can happen is that they say no.

Once you have sent a number of these emails out, you should have a large enough list of references. Send individual messages though. Do not copy and paste the same message for everyone.

Remember to Follow Up

Make sure that whoever is giving your reference is fully up to speed with where you are in the process.

Tell them what jobs you have applied to, let them see your resume. Tell them that they are listed as a reference, even remind them of key things to think about highlighting.

If they agree and then give a reference for you, thank them.

That may be taking them for a coffee, or sending them a nice email.

If they help you land the job, do the same again. Giving a special thanks to individuals is a good thing to do, and it helps if you need another reference another time!

Always be willing to return the favor if a reference asks.

Key Takeaways

To summarize then, we can consider these as key takeaways:

• Ensure that you select references wisely, and have them fully up to speed on your job search. Ensure that you ask permission before using a reference.
• Do not include references on your resume unless specifically instructed to do so.
• The number of references you give can correlate with your experience and where you are applying to. A graduate can get away with 3, an executive applicant may need as many as 7.
• Format your reference sheet in the same way as you format your resume.

Not getting asked for your references?

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• Career Blog

References on a Resume: When and How to Include Them

When it comes to crafting a winning resume, references can be a valuable tool. However, knowing when and how to include them can be a tricky process. In this article, we’ll explore the concept of references on a resume, why they are important, and provide useful tips for selecting the right references to make your job application stand out.

Definition and Purpose of References on a Resume

References are individuals who can vouch for your skills, achievements, and character. They serve as a kind of third-party review of your qualifications, offering a prospective employer the chance to get an outside perspective on your abilities.

On a resume, references are typically listed towards the end of the document, following your work history and education sections. Including references is not mandatory, but it is considered good practice when applying for jobs in fields such as government, academia or research.

Importance of Choosing the Right References

Choosing the right references can be a make-or-break factor in the application process. A good reference can boost your chances of landing the job, while a bad reference can significantly hinder your prospects.

When selecting your references, it’s important to choose individuals who are familiar with your work and can speak positively about your skills and character. It’s best to avoid selecting references who may have a personal bias against you or who do not have a strong understanding of your qualifications.

Overview of the Article

In this article, we’ll provide an in-depth guide to references on a resume. We’ll cover topics such as:

• The pros and cons of including references
• Best practices for selecting and contacting references
• How to format references on a resume
• Legal considerations for providing references
• Tips for handling bad or negative references

By the end of this article, you’ll have a solid understanding of how to include references on your resume and leverage them to enhance your job search process. So let’s dive in!

Who Should You Include as References?

When it comes to including references on your resume, it’s important to understand who you should include and why. A reference is someone who can vouch for your skills, work ethic, and character to a potential employer. They are typically contacted by the hiring manager or recruiter as part of the interview process.

There are different types of references that you can use, including professional references and personal references. Professional references are individuals you have worked with in a professional setting, such as former colleagues, supervisors, or clients. Personal references, on the other hand, are people who know you outside of work, such as friends, family members, or mentors.

When choosing the right references to include on your resume, it’s essential to consider the following factors:

Relevance: You want to select references who can speak to your qualifications for the job you are applying for. If the position requires specific skills or experience, choose references who can attest to your proficiency in those areas.

Reputation: Your references should be individuals who have a good reputation in their field and are well-respected. Their endorsement can carry weight with potential employers and help you stand out from other candidates.

Availability: Make sure that your references are willing and available to speak on your behalf. It’s a good idea to ask for their permission before including them on your resume.

Diversity: It’s best to have a mix of professional and personal references to provide a well-rounded picture of your character and work ethic.

Including references on your resume can be a valuable addition as long as they are chosen carefully. By selecting relevant, reputable, available, and diverse references, you can increase your chances of landing your dream job.

When to Include References on Your Resume

When it comes to including references on your resume, there are certain situations where it is required, and others where it is optional. However, there are also valid reasons to avoid including references altogether.

Situations where references are required

Some job postings specifically request that applicants provide a list of references with their application. This is especially common for positions that require a high level of trust or require working with vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities. Additionally, government and security jobs may also require references for background checks.

Situations where references are optional

In many cases, references are not required but can still provide additional support for your candidacy. Including references can help demonstrate your professionalism, work ethic, and ability to cultivate positive relationships with previous colleagues or supervisors. If a job posting does not require references, it is generally acceptable to offer to provide them later in the hiring process, when they are specifically requested.

Reasons to avoid including references on your resume

There are valid reasons for avoiding including references on your resume altogether. Firstly, including references can take up valuable space on your resume that can be better used to highlight your skills and achievements. Secondly, if you provide references upfront and the hiring manager contacts them without first offering you the job, it can put your references in an awkward position, as they may not be comfortable discussing your candidacy with potential employers. Finally, some job seekers may be concerned about potential discrimination or bias from their references, particularly if they are unwilling to provide a positive reference for personal reasons.

Deciding whether or not to include references on your resume will depend on the specific job posting and your personal preferences. It is important to carefully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks before making your decision. Regardless of your choice, always ensure that you have a list of potential references prepared and that they are willing to act as a reference for you when needed.

How to Format References on Your Resume

Jobseekers often wonder where to include references on their resume. Including references on your resume can either make or break your candidacy, depending on how it is presented.

Where to include references on your resume:

Traditionally, references are no longer a required part of a resume. Hence, it is optional to include them in your job application. However, if a job posting specifically asks for references, the best place to include them is on a separate page, after the main body of your resume. When doing so, make sure that the page is titled “References” or “Professional References.”

How to format reference information:

When formatting your reference section on your resume, it’s important to include certain pieces of information such as the name, job title, company, phone number, and email of your reference. Ensure each reference’s information is listed in the same order making your reference section easy to review. Make sure that the page number on which the reference is listed appears on each page.

Arrange your references in the way that suits you best, but make sure to maintain consistency throughout. One popular format for listing references is having three references — only those that are relevant to the position you’re applying for. Choose individuals who can attest to your work ethics, skills, and character. Also, only include references who can provide glowing feedback. If your references list is long, try to avoid including individuals who only have good things to say about your personal life but not your work-related skills.

Tips for making your reference section stand out:

Here are some tips that will make your reference section stand out:

Select influential advocates: At times, recruiters contact the individuals on the reference list to assess an applicant. In this case, choose your references carefully. Select individuals who can speak authoritatively about your skills and accomplishments.

Take advantage of references as an opportunity: By including professional references, you can also demonstrate why you’re a suitable candidate for the role. Ensure you choose individuals who are conversant with the job, company, and industry. By doing this, you may help tip the scales in your favor by establishing a connection between your reference and the company.

Focus on design: Just like any other part of your resume, your reference section should be easy to read, visually appealing, and aesthetically designed. You can experiment with different fonts and formatting so long as you keep it simple and easy to read. Consider using bullet points, bold letters and emboldened font for section titles.

Keep it concise: Don’t use the reference list as an opportunity to pad out your resume with people’s names. Keep the list to only three or four references so that the hiring manager can gauge quickly what you’ve listed as a reference.

How to Ask Someone to Be Your Reference

When it comes to job hunting, having strong references can make all the difference. Choosing the right people to vouch for your skills and work ethic is crucial; but inviting them to be your reference can be tricky. Here’s what you need to know about who to ask, how to ask, and how to stay connected with your references.

Who to Ask and How to Ask Them

First, determine who would be the most relevant and effective references for your job search. This could include former managers or supervisors, colleagues, clients, or even professors, depending on the nature of the job and your experience.

Once you have a list of potential references, consider each person’s relationship to you and their availability. It’s a good idea to reach out to them in person or via phone or email to ask if they would be willing to serve as a reference for you. Begin by thanking them for their time and explaining what type of position you are applying for. You may also want to give them a brief summary of your experience and qualifications as a reminder.

If they agree to be your reference, make sure to confirm their contact information and let them know when and how they might be contacted by a hiring manager. Keep in mind that it’s always best to ask for permission before sharing someone’s contact information.

Providing Useful Information to Your References

It’s important to give your references the tools they need to advocate for you effectively. This might include a copy of your updated resume, a list of important accomplishments or projects you worked on together, or even a brief script they can reference when speaking to a potential employer.

You should also make sure to give them any relevant job descriptions or requirements for the position you’re applying for. This will help them tailor their remarks to the specific needs of the employer and highlight your most relevant skills and experience.

Best Practices for Staying Connected with Your References

Once you’ve secured your references, it’s important to stay connected with them, even if you don’t land the job you were applying for. Keeping in touch can help you maintain these valuable professional relationships and ensure that they continue to speak well of you in the future.

Consider sending periodic updates on your career progress or any new accomplishments or skills you’ve added to your repertoire. You might also want to connect with them on professional networking sites like LinkedIn, and make sure to congratulate them on any achievements or milestones they share.

Finally, remember that gratitude goes a long way. Thank your references for their time and support, and offer to reciprocate the favor in the future by serving as a reference for them or helping them connect with potential employers or clients.

By taking these steps, you can secure strong references and keep those valuable connections active and engaged, no matter where your career takes you.

How to Prepare Your References

When it comes to job search, having strong references can be a game-changer. References are the people who can vouch for your skills, work ethic, and character, and oftentimes can make or break your application.

So, if you have identified potential references that can help you land your dream job, you need to make sure to prepare them properly. Here are some tips on how to do it.

What your references need to know before they receive a call/email

Before you put your references’ names and contact information on your resume, it’s essential to talk to them and inform them about your job search. This way, they won’t be caught off guard when a potential employer contacts them. Also, they will appreciate the heads-up and will have time to gather their thoughts and remember specific examples that show your skills and achievements.

When talking to your references, make sure to provide them with the following information:

• The job(s) you are applying for
• The skills, experiences, and accomplishments that are most relevant to the position(s)
• The company, its mission, and its values (if possible)
• The name and contact information of the person who may contact them (if available)
• A brief reminder of how you know them and your working relationship

You may also want to ask your references if there are any particular points they want to highlight or any questions they anticipate from the potential employer. This way, you can prepare yourself better and avoid any surprises.

How to provide additional information for your references

As you prepare to apply for a job, you may want to provide additional information for your references to help them speak more confidently about your abilities. Here are some examples of the type of information that can be helpful:

• Your updated resume, highlighting your most relevant experiences and achievements
• A cover letter or personal statement, showcasing your motivation, passion, and professionalism
• The job description, outlining the key skills and qualifications required for the position
• Examples of your work or projects that demonstrate your skills and expertise
• Feedback from previous employers, colleagues, or clients that is relevant to the position(s) you are applying for
• Any awards, certification, or other recognition that you have received and that are related to the job(s)

Make sure to provide this information to your references in advance, either by email or in hard copy, and ask them if they need anything else to be prepared.

How to thank your references

Last but not least, don’t forget to thank your references for their help and support.

How to Use References in the Job Application Process

When it comes to including references in your job application process, it’s important to know when and how to provide them. In this section, we’ll cover the when and how, giving you the knowledge and confidence to ensure your references are used properly.

When to Provide Your References

When it comes to providing your references, the rule of thumb is to only do so when specifically asked by the employer. Most employers will ask for references during the latter stages of the recruitment process, which typically means after the initial interview. This gives the employer an opportunity to verify the information you’ve provided, and to gain additional insight into your professional character and work ethic.

If you’re asked for references, make sure to provide them in a timely manner. Delaying the submission of references can cause the employer to question your reliability, or worse, think that you have something to hide.

How to Ensure Your References Get Contacted

Now that you know when to provide your references, it’s important to understand how to ensure they get contacted. Here are a few tips and tricks to ensure your references are reached out to:

Ask for permission: When preparing your references for submission, ask each person for their permission to include them in your application. Make sure to get their current contact information, as well as their preferred method of communication (phone, email, etc.).

Prepare your references: Brief your references on the specific job role you’re applying for, and provide them with your resume and cover letter. This gives them an idea of the position you’re seeking, as well as your experience and qualifications.

Follow up with the employer: Once you’ve submitted your application and references, follow up with the employer to confirm receipt. This not only shows that you’re proactive and interested in the position, but it also gives you an opportunity to confirm that your references were contacted.

By following these simple steps, you can ensure that your references are used properly and help to bolster your chances of landing your dream job. Just remember to only provide your references when asked, and to be proactive in ensuring they get contacted. Good luck!

Dos and Don’ts for References on Your Resume

When it comes to including references on your resume, there are some best practices you should follow to present yourself in the best possible light. However, there are also some pitfalls you should avoid that can undermine your credibility and hurt your chances of landing the job. Here are some dos and don’ts to keep in mind:

Best practices for including references on your resume

Do ask for permission:  Before including someone on your reference list, you should always ask for their permission. This not only shows respect for their time, but it also gives them the opportunity to decline if they don’t feel comfortable providing a reference for you.

Do choose your references wisely:  You should only include people on your reference list who can speak positively about your work and character. This includes former managers, colleagues, and mentors who have firsthand knowledge of your abilities.

Do provide context:  When you provide your reference list to a potential employer, be sure to include some context about how you know each person and what their relationship is to you. This will help the employer understand the relevance of each reference and how they can provide additional insight into your qualifications.

Do keep your references up-to-date:  As your career progresses, you may need to update your reference list to reflect your most recent accomplishments and contacts. Be sure to keep your references informed of any changes and update your list accordingly.

Pitfalls to avoid when using references

Don’t include references without permission:  Including someone on your reference list without their permission is not only disrespectful, it can also damage your reputation and relationships.

Don’t include references who can’t speak to your qualifications:  If a reference can’t provide insight into your skills and work ethic, they are not a valuable reference for an employer. Be sure to choose references who can provide relevant and positive feedback.

Don’t assume every employer wants references:  While many employers will ask for references as part of the hiring process, some may not. Be sure to read the job posting and follow the employer’s instructions for submitting your application materials.

Don’t neglect to prepare your references:  Even if your references have agreed to be on your list, you should still prepare them for potential calls from employers. Provide them with information about the job you’re applying for and what skills you want them to highlight.

By following these dos and don’ts, you can ensure that your references are an asset to your job search and help you stand out from the competition.

Common Questions about References on Resumes

As you prepare your resume, one important aspect to consider is who you will include as references. Here are answers to some common questions that job seekers have regarding references on a resume:

What if you don’t have any references?

It is not uncommon for recent graduates or individuals who have limited professional experience to have difficulty gathering references. In such cases, there are a few strategies you can use. One option is to include references from other forms of experience, such as volunteer work, internships, or academic projects. Another option is to ask individuals who can speak to your character or work ethic, such as former professors, mentors, or coaches. It is also acceptable to note on your resume that references are available upon request.

How many references should you provide?

While there is no set rule for how many references to include on a resume, it is generally recommended to provide 3-5 references. This ensures that the employer receives a well-rounded view of your qualifications and experience. It is important to choose references who can speak knowledgeably about your work-related skills and accomplishments. Make sure to obtain their permission before including them on your resume and provide their contact information in a professional format, such as name, title, company, phone number, and email address.

Can you use references from previous jobs?

Yes, it is acceptable to use references from previous jobs, especially if they can provide information about your work history and achievements in that role. When selecting references from previous jobs, consider reaching out to former supervisors or colleagues who can speak to your contributions in the workplace. It is important to keep in mind that you should only include references who are comfortable speaking positively about your work and who can provide a professional recommendation. Additionally, verify that their contact information is up to date before providing it on your resume.

By answering these common questions, you can confidently include references on your resume and provide employers with valuable insights into your qualifications and experience. Remember to secure permissions from your references before including them and respect the confidentiality of their contact information. Happy job hunting!

Examples of References on Resumes

As you craft your resume and consider whether to include references, it can be helpful to see examples of how to format your reference section. Below are some sample layouts for reference sections on resumes:

Sample Reference Section Layout #1

• John Doe, Manager at ABC Company. Email:  [email protected] . Phone: 555-555-5555.
• Jane Smith, Former supervisor at XYZ Corporation. Email:  [email protected] . Phone: 555-555-5555.
• Susan Lee, Colleague at DEF Industries. Email:  [email protected] . Phone: 555-555-5555.

Sample Reference Section Layout #2

Professional References

Sample Reference Section Layout #3

References Available Upon Request

In addition to seeing examples of reference section layouts, it can also be helpful to see examples of reference formats. Here are three examples of how to format a reference on a resume:

Example Reference Format #1

John Doe  Manager at ABC Company  [email protected]  555-555-5555

Example Reference Format #2

Jane Smith  Former supervisor at XYZ Corporation  [email protected]  555-555-5555

Example Reference Format #3

Susan Lee  Colleague at DEF Industries  [email protected]  555-555-5555

When including references on your resume, it is important to consider when and how to include them. It is generally suggested to only include references when asked, and to always get permission from the reference before including their information. When formatting your reference section, be sure to make it clear and easy to read, and only include relevant information such as the reference’s name, title/position, email, and phone number.

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• Letters of Reference

You often observe things like a student's punctuality, ability to work with others and how they confront challenges. In a strong field of candidates, these insights may provide an employer with important information that a GPA and resume can't always reflect.

For students with little or no professional experience, professors and co-op or internship supervisors become likely candidates to write letters of reference on the student's behalf.

What to Include

Letters are particularly effective when they relate directly to the skills necessary for a specific job or position. This may require that you meet with the student to discuss the desired placement prior to writing your reference. And while you will naturally want to present a student in the best possible light, it is important to present factual information, based on your own observations.

According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), if you are asked to provide a reference, you should also consider these questions:

• Who will see this information?
• Is the person asking for a reference entitled to that information?
• What is the purpose of the information?
• Is the information accurate?
• Is the information misleading?

View a sample letter >>

Discrimination Laws and FERPA

While most employers will not ask you to provide information that they can't lawfully request from the applicant, it is important to understand what information you can and cannot disclose. You can find additional resources through NACE, including:

Information about discrimination laws, FERPA and other suggested guidelines >>

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