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Book Publishing Final Research Paper

Eco-publishing in the book industry: an interdisciplinary case study with patagonia books.

Julie A. Collins , Portland State University Follow

Portland State University. Department of English

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Publication date.

Publishers and publishing, Global environmental change -- Social aspects, Book industries and trade

The purpose of this study is to explore eco-publishing in the book industry with an interdisciplinary approach: I will address eco-trends in human movements and essential industries; provide an overview of the book industry’s recent efforts to determine their environmental impact; and explore eco-publishing in practice by presenting findings from a case study of Patagonia Books featuring an interview with their publisher Karla Olson. This analysis of environmentalism on a broad scale gives us the ability to see how trends outside the industry may affect how we define the goals of publishing, and of particular publishing houses. Patagonia Books is unique in their modeling because they are housed within Patagonia’s larger outdoors and apparel business. While the differences between Patagonia Books and more traditional publishing houses will be recognized, these differences allow us to examine what has become a bold testing ground for eco-publishing. By combining these study methods, three main reasons emerge to answer the question: Why should a publishing house consider becoming an eco-publisher? For all stakeholders in publishing, this paper will demonstrate why further interdisciplinary research and collaboration is needed to make the option of eco-publishing both effective and accessible throughout the industry

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Paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Writing: Book Publishing.

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https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/34023

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Collins, Julie A., "Eco-Publishing in The Book Industry: An Interdisciplinary Case Study with Patagonia Books" (2020). Book Publishing Final Research Paper . 54. https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/34023

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Book Publishing Industry Analysis Case Study

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Book Publishing Industry Analysis

Industry analysis, traditional structure, opportunities and threats, recommendations.

The publishing industry possesses many risks that are especially salient in a world which is becoming more dependent on digital technologies. Nevertheless, it is far from being forgotten. Some of the most significant threats are the high level of competition within the industry itself, as well as the lowering costs that allow new players to enter the market. The industry has experienced a major change after the mass spreading of e-book technologies.

This new type of media has the potential to reform the book publishing industry, creating a higher level of stability associated with saving costs and receiving income from advertising. One potential strategy would be to rely on the production of educational textbooks and to choose such models of working with authors that would reduce the costs of production.

The book publishing industry is traditionally associated with a high level of risk. Unlike other fields of business, this one does not provide enough evidence to judge whether a particular publishing project will be successful or not. Nevertheless, books are a very specific product that is used independently of the location or audience. The introduction of e-books has given publishing companies an opportunity to reduce financial risks by introducing advertising possibilities (Smith, 2012). Besides, electronic format is less costly, which allows publishers to collect more revenue without taking the risk of printing high volumes of books. Although the publishing industry is not one of the most stable ones, it has a high chance of staying competitive in the future.

Below is an industry analysis broken into two periods. The division is marked by the introduction of e-books and the effect it had on this type of business. The primary tool used for assessing the publishing industry is the Porter’s Five Forces model, aiming to determine the risks associated with it (Hill & Jones, 2010, p. 42).

The threat of entry of new competitors is relatively high. The primary issue is that costs associated with setting up a book publishing company with printing facilities are quite high. However, a company may solve this issue by collaborating with an existing typography facility. All other costs make up a smaller part and usually have to be paid out only after a publishing project has been released, e.g. royalty payments to authors. Thus, new companies can be easily set up in publishing.

There is little to no threat of substitute products in the book publishing industry. The primary reason is that books are unique items that can be replaced only with electronic versions. There is, however, a chance of customers choosing, for example, to watch a film instead of reading a book, yet most original plots can still be found only in print. The lowest risk in this category is offered by educational textbooks, that often contain material that cannot be easily found online.

The bargaining power of customers is relatively high in this industry. Printed books may come in all shapes and sizes, yet the content of one author is identical among all publishing companies’ editions. Price and design are the defining qualities that matter to potential customers. A publishing company has to find the perfect combination of these two elements, otherwise, it will lose market share.

Finally, the bargaining power of suppliers is not very significant. The primary suppliers are authors, who send their works that they wish to have published. Usually, they represent the most interested party and agree to terms that are the most beneficial regarding revenues and popularity. However, most publishing companies do not rush to offer high payment to authors, and the latter usually agree to receive relatively small payment until they become widely known.

Finally, the risk of competition inside the industry itself, is very high. There are many publishing houses, yet the number of outstanding authors is relatively low. Publishers either depend on re-editions of old books or hope to find a best-seller story. It is common for publishing houses to release books with the same content, as often happens with classic fiction, since the competition for customers’ attention is intense.

The introduction of e-books has changed the proportion of risks in the publishing business (Thompson, 2012). Although printed books remain popular due to their aesthetic component, electronic versions are more convenient. It is easier to take one device containing several downloaded books on a long trip than to carry several items that take up space and add weight.

The threat of new competition is very high in this type of publishing. There are much fewer resources required for making an electronic edition and the production process is much faster. As soon as the item is designed and all formal requirements are met, it can be released. However, there is still an issue with the channels of distribution. Most customers prefer well-known platforms like Amazon to search for such items. At the same time, there are not so many e-book retailers, which allows them to dictate contract terms.

The situation with substitute products remains the same as it was with traditional printed books. In fact, there is mostly only one option, which is to choose between a printed book and its electronic edition. There is, of course, an audio format, but not many people prefer to download it since there are too many factors like the tone of voice and emotional background that may influence the process of understanding content properly.

The bargaining power of customers remains high after the introduction of e-books. Now it is even harder to find customers willing to pay for the electronic edition when there are so many options to download content for free. Besides, due to retailers adding a commission on electronic books, they sometimes appear to be even more expensive than their physical copies (Love, 2012). Finally, both electronic and printed versions depend highly on promotion and peer recommendations. Sometimes the revenues from sales do not cover the costs of production and promotion combined.

The bargaining power of suppliers remains the field associated with the lowest risk. With the introduction of electronic versions, publishers have become even more independent from producers of text-based material. Besides, there are many authors that wish to have their works released, leaving publishing companies with an opportunity to discuss a wide range of royalty payment strategies.

The internal industry competition remains very high. There is a great risk of a publisher being unnoticed by the larger audience. Besides, there are now services allowing authors to release their books in electronic form without any literary agent (Butler, 2017). It costs less and authors must carry the risks associated with a lack of buyers. Nevertheless, this factor creates even more competition among publishers.

One of the most significant opportunities for publishers is the growth of the world’s population. It means that at least textbooks will have a high chance of being required in schools and higher education institutions. Another opportunity is the growth of literacy in the world (UNESCO, 2017). This factor not only makes available new readers but also provides new authors to share their unique ideas. Finally, the development of technology allows publishers to place adverts in e-books to gain more profit.

However, there are many more threats in this industry. The primary one is associated with the economic recession, yet it does not seem to continue in 2017 (Gurdus, 2016). Nevertheless, currently people do not have much money to spend on entertainment, and reading is not considered one of the most popular options. Besides, adults have to work more in such economic conditions, which leaves less time for reading books. There is also the issue of piracy, which allows many books to be downloaded for free.

The main recommendation for publishers includes the advice to reduce the costs of production. While e-books are quite cheap, they still require significant design work to tailor the product to fit screens of different devices. Instead of contacting retailers like Amazon, a publishing house may keep its own online store with electronic copies available for downloading. While this may affect the total number of customers, there is a high chance of retaining the existing ones by offering lower prices and loyalty programme specials. Publishers should also take advantage of technologies, especially any that offer the potential to increase income.

For instance, electronic books should incorporate commercial content related to the reading. It may be advertised by 3 rd party companies that would pay for placement or introduce the publisher’s information, such as news about new book releases.

The publishing industry is highly competitive since it sells similar products offered by different companies. E-books have changed this business significantly, yet now there is a threat of a significant amount of content leaking onto the Internet for free downloading. Nevertheless, the market of potential customers is growing, and publishers must take this opportunity to become visible to the largest possible number of readers.

Butler, H. (2017). Five reasons to self-publish . The Huffington Post . Web.

Gurdus, E. (2016). The odds of a 2017 recession are 15-20%, says economist . CNBC . Web.

Hill, C. W. L., & Jones, G. R. (2010). Strategic management theory: An integrated approach . Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Love, D. (2012). Why I hate e-books . Business Insider . Web.

Smith, K. (2012). The publishing business: From p-books to e-books . Case Postale, Switzerland: AVA Publishing SA.

Thompson, J. B. (2012). Merchants of culture: The publishing business in the twenty-first century . Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

UNESCO. (2017). Education: Literacy rate . Web.

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IvyPanda. (2021, March 23). Book Publishing Industry Analysis. https://ivypanda.com/essays/book-publishing-industry-analysis/

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Length (Pages)

Tatung: lin family ousted in third generation, outsiders win control.

Published 03 Jul 2024

Reference 6900

Length 8 page(s)

Topic Family Business

Region Asia

Industry Consumer Goods ,  Consumer Electronics

El Salvador - Surfing from the Red to the Blue Ocean? From the “Homicide Capital of the World” to a Country of Hope and Prosperity

Published 07 Mar 2024

Reference 6899

Length 20 page(s)

Topic Strategy

Region Other Regions

Industry Government Administration

Suzano’s Innovability Transformation: The Next 100 Years

Published 24 Jun 2024

Reference 6897

Length 53 page(s)

Region South America

Sogrape: The Art and Science of Blending in the World of Wine

Published 05 Aug 2024

Reference 6896

Length 29 page(s)

Region Global

Industry Food and Beverages Production ,  Wine and Spirits

Taming GenAI to Automate Business Processes: The Aloma Example

Published 11 Jul 2024

Reference 6895

Length 14 page(s)

Region Europe

Industry Computer Software

How a Good Strategy Can Fail: Leadership Lessons from Napoleon’s Rise and Fall

Published 27 May 2024

Reference 6893

Length 10 page(s)

Industry Military

From Philanthropy to Collaboration: André Hoffmann Launches InTent

Reference 6892

Topic Leadership & Organisations

Industry Philanthropy

Creating a Blue Ocean Beyond Disruption: The Case of a Chinese B2B Retailer – Huitongda

Published 02 May 2024

Reference 6887

Length 9 page(s)

Industry Retail

Board-CEO Tensions at NLInvest

Published 21 Jun 2024

Reference 6884

Length 16 page(s)

Giga: Connecting Every Child

Published 16 May 2024

Reference 6881

Industry Education Management ,  Non-Profit Organization Management

Salmon Evolution’s IPO (A): Architecting Brand Growth from Startup to Scaleup

Published 27 Jun 2024

Reference 6879

Industry Agriculture ,  Financial Services

Salmon Evolution’s IPO (B): Leveraging ESG for Sustainable Growth and Market Success

Length 11 page(s)

Industry Food and Beverages Production

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Business Case Studies

• Getting Started
• Case Analysis
• Finding Case Studies in the Library

Free Case Studies

• Buying Cases
• Writing Case Studies
• Case Competitions
• Case Interviews
• Case Method (Teaching)

Many academic and business institutions develop and publish case studies. Some of these organizations provide free access to their case studies:

• Acadia Institute of Case Studies Focuses on entrepreneurship and small business operations.
• Business Case Studies by Company
• Business Ethics Case Analyses
• Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety: Workplace Health Case Studies
• Case Centre Available for a fee.
• Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative Case Studies
• Give to Get Marketing. Marketing and Advertising Case Studies
• HR Open Source Case Studies
• MarketingSherpa Choose "Case Studies" as the content type in the filters.
• MaRS Search for "case study" in the top right search box.
• MERLOT Business Cases
• MIT LearningEdge Case Studies Free case studies by MIT Sloan School of Management.
• Penske. Logistics Case Studies
• Society of Human Resources Management.
• Open Case Studies Project by UBC The Open Case Studies project at UBC brings together faculty and students from different disciplines to write, edit, and learn with case studies that are free and open.
• World's Best Case Studies Short video case studies covering topics including consumer goods, services, and technology.
• << Previous: Finding Case Studies in the Library
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• Last Updated: Jan 17, 2024 11:02 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.ubc.ca/businesscases

• Boston University Libraries

Business Case Studies

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Business cases can be found through a number of books and ebooks in our collection. To locate these items, go to BU Libraries Search and enter terms such as:

"case studies" and leadership "case studies" and project management "case studies" and business ethics "case studies" and diversity

To narrow your search down to Books/eBooks only, use Material Types filter on the right side of the page.

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Even if BU Libraries doesn't own something you need for your studies, we can get it for you pretty quickly from another library.

• Interlibrary Loan (ILL) . Interlibrary Loan is a service that allows current BU students, faculty, and staff to request books, articles, book chapters, and other materials from other libraries. Visit our Interlibrary Loan page to find forms to request items.
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• << Previous: Journals with Cases
• Next: Open Access Cases >>
• Last Updated: Aug 17, 2024 10:10 AM
• URL: https://library.bu.edu/business-case-studies

Case Studies

Helping Starbucks design stores that are inclusive for all

Building a next-generation carbon platform to accelerate the path to net zero

How Lufthansa is using data to reduce costs and improve spend and carbon transparency

Banking on innovation: How ING uses generative AI to put people first

From farm to tablet: Building a new business to solve an old challenge

Rewired in action

Partnering on America’s toughest challenges

Made in Africa: Catalyzing stronger, sustainable, and inclusive economies

How a government agency is preparing workers to thrive in the skills-based economy

How a global components manufacturer built an ambitious carbon reduction roadmap

Undaunted by global disruption, a logistics company embraces bold transformation

988: Three digits and the nationwide effort to help millions in crisis

An AI power play: Fueling the next wave of innovation in the energy sector

How a manufacturing moonshot was made

Protecting workers through award-winning design

How Telkomsel transformed to reach digital-first consumers

Flying across the sea, propelled by AI

How a steel plant in India tapped the value of data—and won global acclaim

Reimagining the real estate industry for the next normal

Inside a mining company’s AI transformation

New at mckinsey blog.

JobsOhio and the long-term, innovative revitalization of a state’s economy

McKinsey’s new Sustainability Academy helps clients upskill workers for the net-zero transition

Tearing the ‘paper ceiling’: McKinsey supports effort driving upward mobility for millions of workers

47 case interview examples (from McKinsey, BCG, Bain, etc.)

One of the best ways to prepare for   case interviews  at firms like McKinsey, BCG, or Bain, is by studying case interview examples. 

There are a lot of free sample cases out there, but it's really hard to know where to start. So in this article, we have listed all the best free case examples available, in one place.

The below list of resources includes interactive case interview samples provided by consulting firms, video case interview demonstrations, case books, and materials developed by the team here at IGotAnOffer. Let's continue to the list.

• McKinsey examples
• BCG examples
• Bain examples
• Deloitte examples
• Other firms' examples
• Case books from consulting clubs
• Case interview preparation

Click here to practise 1-on-1 with MBB ex-interviewers

1. mckinsey case interview examples.

• Beautify case interview (McKinsey website)
• Diconsa case interview (McKinsey website)
• Electro-light case interview (McKinsey website)
• GlobaPharm case interview (McKinsey website)
• National Education case interview (McKinsey website)
• Talbot Trucks case interview (McKinsey website)
• Shops Corporation case interview (McKinsey website)
• Conservation Forever case interview (McKinsey website)
• McKinsey case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)
• McKinsey live case interview extract (by IGotAnOffer) - See below

2. BCG case interview examples

• Foods Inc and GenCo case samples  (BCG website)
• Chateau Boomerang written case interview  (BCG website)
• BCG case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)
• Written cases guide (by IGotAnOffer)
• BCG live case interview with notes (by IGotAnOffer)
• BCG mock case interview with ex-BCG associate director - Public sector case (by IGotAnOffer)
• BCG mock case interview: Revenue problem case (by IGotAnOffer) - See below

3. Bain case interview examples

• CoffeeCo practice case (Bain website)
• FashionCo practice case (Bain website)
• Associate Consultant mock interview video (Bain website)
• Consultant mock interview video (Bain website)
• Written case interview tips (Bain website)
• Bain case interview guide   (by IGotAnOffer)
• Digital transformation case with ex-Bain consultant
• Bain case mock interview with ex-Bain manager (below)

4. Deloitte case interview examples

• Engagement Strategy practice case (Deloitte website)
• Recreation Unlimited practice case (Deloitte website)
• Strategic Vision practice case (Deloitte website)
• Retail Strategy practice case  (Deloitte website)
• Finance Strategy practice case  (Deloitte website)
• Talent Management practice case (Deloitte website)
• Enterprise Resource Management practice case (Deloitte website)
• Footloose written case  (by Deloitte)
• Deloitte case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

5. Accenture case interview examples

• Case interview workbook (by Accenture)
• Accenture case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

6. OC&C case interview examples

• Leisure Club case example (by OC&C)
• Imported Spirits case example (by OC&C)

7. Oliver Wyman case interview examples

• Wumbleworld case sample (Oliver Wyman website)
• Aqualine case sample (Oliver Wyman website)
• Oliver Wyman case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

8. A.T. Kearney case interview examples

• Promotion planning case question (A.T. Kearney website)
• Consulting case book and examples (by A.T. Kearney)
• AT Kearney case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

9. Strategy& / PWC case interview examples

• Presentation overview with sample questions (by Strategy& / PWC)
• Strategy& / PWC case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

10. L.E.K. Consulting case interview examples

• Case interview example video walkthrough   (L.E.K. website)
• Market sizing case example video walkthrough  (L.E.K. website)

11. Roland Berger case interview examples

• Transit oriented development case webinar part 1  (Roland Berger website)
• Transit oriented development case webinar part 2   (Roland Berger website)
• 3D printed hip implants case webinar part 1   (Roland Berger website)
• 3D printed hip implants case webinar part 2   (Roland Berger website)
• Roland Berger case interview guide   (by IGotAnOffer)

12. Capital One case interview examples

• Case interview example video walkthrough  (Capital One website)
• Capital One case interview guide (by IGotAnOffer)

12. EY Parthenon case interview examples

• Candidate-led case example with feedback (by IGotAnOffer)

14. Consulting clubs case interview examples

• Berkeley case book (2006)
• Columbia case book (2006)
• Darden case book (2012)
• Darden case book (2018)
• Duke case book (2010)
• Duke case book (2014)
• ESADE case book (2011)
• Goizueta case book (2006)
• Illinois case book (2015)
• LBS case book (2006)
• MIT case book (2001)
• Notre Dame case book (2017)
• Ross case book (2010)
• Wharton case book (2010)

Practice with experts

Using case interview examples is a key part of your interview preparation, but it isn’t enough.

At some point you’ll want to practise with friends or family who can give some useful feedback. However, if you really want the best possible preparation for your case interview, you'll also want to work with ex-consultants who have experience running interviews at McKinsey, Bain, BCG, etc.

If you know anyone who fits that description, fantastic! But for most of us, it's tough to find the right connections to make this happen. And it might also be difficult to practice multiple hours with that person unless you know them really well.

Here's the good news. We've already made the connections for you. We’ve created a coaching service where you can do mock case interviews 1-on-1 with ex-interviewers from MBB firms . Start scheduling sessions today!

Related articles:

More From Forbes

4 case studies of businesses that scaled to greatness.

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Joe Camberato is the CEO and Founder of National Business Capital , a leading FinTech marketplace offering streamlined small business loans.

Have you ever wondered why some companies succeed in unimaginable ways while others fade into obscurity? The best way to understand how to scale a company is to look at how the most successful companies have done it. Let’s look at four companies that started out small and become global players in their industries.

Amazon is one of the best-known companies in the world, so it’s easy to forget that founder Jeff Bezos started the company out of his garage . In 1994, Bezos financed Amazon, which began as an online bookseller, with $10,000 of his own money.

Amazon experienced many losses during its early days, but its revenue quickly grew from $4.2 million to $8.5 million in 1996. The company went public in 1997, and the following year, it expanded beyond books.

One of its biggest game changers came in 2005 when the company launched Amazon Prime, its subscription service. There are 180 million Prime members in the U.S. alone.

A Notorious Marine Battalion Has Joined Ukraine’s Invasion Of Russia

‘inside out 2’ debuts on digital streaming this week, acclaimed horror thriller oddity debuts on digital streaming this week.

Amazon’s continued commitment to innovation has led it to be one of the world’s most successful companies. Amazon provides its customers with almost unparalleled convenience.

Under Armour

In 1996, Under Armour was founded with the idea of creating a T-shirt that wicks sweat away more efficiently and keeps athletes dry. The company started small , with founder Kevin Plank selling T-shirts out of the trunk of his car and to his former teammates on the University of Maryland’s football team.

Under Armour made several iterations of its original prototype, and the T-shirt was a huge success. The company began growing organically. Plank wanted to increase the company’s growth, so in 1999, he decided to take out an ESPN ad for $25,000 . It was a risky move at the time, and employees agreed to go without pay for a couple of weeks so the company could afford the ad. However, the risk paid off, and Under Armour generated $1 million in sales the next year and dramatically increased its brand recognition.

Under Armour’s initial funding came from Plank , but the company went public in 2005 . Under Armour began to diversify and release new products, but it never lost focus on its central mission—improving the performance and comfort of all athletes.

In 2007, Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia couldn’t afford the rent for their San Francisco apartment, so they decided to rent out their loft space to earn some extra money. They didn’t want to post an ad on Craigslist , so they decided to create their own rental site.

In 2009, they were accepted into Y Combinator and received $20,000 in funding . Airbnb later received another $600,000 in funding in a seed round, despite receiving a lot of early resistance. By 2014, Airbnb had more than 550,000 properties listed worldwide and 10 million guests.

One of its keys to success is its focus on the user experience. By allowing people to rent out their homes, the company gives the average person a way to earn an additional stream of income.

In 1997, Netflix was started as a DVD rental service to help customers avoid getting hit with late fees. Customers selected the movies and TV shows they wanted online and could then have them delivered to their homes.

In 1999 , founder Reed Hastings introduced a subscription-based model. Once customers were locked into a monthly subscription, they were more likely to rent more movies. In 2000, Netflix released its Unlimited Movie Rental program, which allowed customers to rent an unlimited number of movies each month for a monthly subscription of $19.95.

In 2007, Netflix launched its online streaming service, and that was the first year the company surpassed $1 billion in revenue. The company later began entering into content licensing deals with television studios and, in 2011, started producing its own original programming.

Netflix has been a success because the company is flexible and able to adapt quickly to changes in the marketplace. And Netflix’s founders were able to see the long-term vision for what the company could become, unlike companies like Blockbuster.

Tips On Scaling Your Business

Scaling a business is the ultimate goal for most entrepreneurs, but how can you make it happen? First, it’s important to understand the difference between growth vs. scaling. Growing businesses focus on getting bigger and acquiring more customers and more team members. In comparison, scaling focuses on efficiency. Scalable companies can serve more customers without significantly more effort.

It’s near-impossible to scale a company by yourself, so you should ensure you have the right team in place. This isn’t just about bringing on more employees. It’s about finding those few, highly specialized employees who can help you move the company forward.

Research from McKinsey found that the highest performers are 800 times more productive than average employees in the same role. Focus on finding and keeping the right staff of people who believe in the company’s mission.

My company started with me. I worked as hard as I could and made some great progress in the beginning, but a business can only reach a certain level with only one person. It started with one hire, then two, then three. Before long, I was surrounded by amazingly talented people, and the business started to grow beyond what I was able to achieve on my own.

You also need to focus on understanding your customers and maintaining quality customer service. As companies start to scale, maintaining a high level of customer service becomes increasingly difficult. Ensure you’re meeting your customers’ needs by creating standard operating procedures, automating what you can and investing in 24/7 live chat.

Scaling your business requires investing in technology and systems, which aren’t cheap. Even if you don’t need the funds yet, start identifying potential banks or online lenders where you can access a loan or ongoing line of credit. Finding the right financing opportunities allows you to build the infrastructure necessary to scale.

Forbes Finance Council is an invitation-only organization for executives in successful accounting, financial planning and wealth management firms. Do I qualify?

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Title: magazine supply optimization: a case-study.

Abstract: Supply optimization is a complex and challenging task in the magazine retail industry because of the fixed inventory assumption, irregular sales patterns, and varying product and point-of-sale characteristics. We introduce AthenIA, an industrialized magazine supply optimization solution that plans the supply for over 20,000 points of sale in France. We modularize the supply planning process into a four-step pipeline: demand sensing, optimization, business rules, and operating. The core of the solution is a novel group conformalized quantile regression method that integrates domain expert insights, coupled with a supply optimization technique that balances the costs of out-of-stock against the costs of over-supply. AthenIA has proven to be a valuable tool for magazine publishers, particularly in the context of evolving economic and ecological challenges.

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Kolkata doctor rape-murder case: How the incident unfolded, what we know so far

In the latest, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) has launched a nationwide strike which has majorly hit the medical services throughout.

• Updated Aug 17, 2024, 9:02 AM IST

The tragic rape and murder of the female trainee doctor at Kolkata’s R G Kar Medical College and Hospital have drawn nationwide outrage, leading to protests by junior doctors who have halted work to demand justice for the victim.

Related Articles

• Kolkata doctor rape and murder: Parents allege role of interns, doctors from RG Kar, 30 suspects in CBI list
• Kolkata doctor rape-murder: IMA 24-hour strike begins, medical services hit nationwide; Here are top developments in case so far
• Kolkata rape-murder: CBI questions RG Kar's ex-principal Sandip Ghosh who propounded 'suicide' theory
• 'File FIR within 6 hours': Centre's directive to protect healthcare workers amid uproar over Kolkata doctor's rape and murder

Non-essential services, such as routine OPDs and elective procedures, will be closed for a whole day on August 17 and 18, starting at 6 a.m.

In the wake of the vandalism incident at RG Kar Hospital, Kolkata Police have arrested 25 suspects connected to the attack. Authorities utilised social media to identify those involved, with efforts continuing to apprehend additional individuals.

The night of the horrendous act

- A second-year postgraduate trainee doctor spent her night just like any other night. She had dinner with her juniors and decided to go take some rest at 2 am, early morning. 

- Due to a lack of rest space in the hospital, the doctor decided to go rest in the seminar hall, considering it safe to rest.

- Cut to next morning when her body was discovered semi-nude inside a seminar hall on August 9, after she had been on duty the previous night.

- Her father expressed grave concerns, stating that there were clear indications of rape and that the hospital was delaying the investigation.

How did the community respond?

- PGT doctors at the hospital immediately stopped working across all departments except the emergency services, demanding the immediate arrest of the perpetrators.

- Student associations organised rallies for a swift investigation.

- Opposition leaders, including Bengal BJP legislators, called for an independent magistrate-led investigation.

Autopsy revealed shocking details

- Several doctors who accessed the autopsy report have indicated a possibility of a gang rape.  In an exclusive interview with India Today TV, DR Subarna Goswami pointed out that the kind of injuries inflicted by the 31-year-old trainee doctor cannot be the work of one single person.

- She said that according to the autopsy report, 151 mg of liquid (semen) was found from the vaginal swab. "That quantity cannot be of one person. It suggests the involvement of multiple people," Dr Goswami said.

- Preliminary autopsy reports indicated that the victim was sexually assaulted before her murder.

- The autopsy ruled out suicide and found multiple injuries consistent with a violent death, including broken bones and bleeding from various body parts.

- Sources suggested that her nose and mouth were covered, and her head was forcefully pushed against a wall or floor to silence her cries for help.

- The crime is believed to have occurred between 3 am and 6 am, with signs of strangulation and smothering.

Arrests and investigations so far

- The police have arrested 33-year-old Sanjoy Roy, a civic volunteer, for his alleged role in the crime. Evidence, including a torn Bluetooth earphone, helped lead to his arrest.

- Roy had access to various hospital departments due to his connections with senior police officers and hospital authorities.

- Allegations surfaced regarding Roy’s past behaviour, including previous marital abuse and his history of watching pornography.

The buzz around the college's principal

- Dr Sandip Ghosh, the former head of RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, was asked to go on leave after concerns were raised over his leadership and response during the case.

- Dr Ghosh faced backlash for comments perceived as victim-blaming and for failing to maintain adequate safety for staff, after which he resigned from his post.

- However, in a surprising turn of events, he was reinstated as Principal of Calcutta Medical College and Hospital just 24 hours later.

Government and legal actions

- West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has called for the death penalty for the accused and has stated her support for the protesting doctors while also urging them to continue patient care.

- The state government has implemented police camps in hospitals to enhance security for healthcare workers and has promised to transfer the case to the CBI if local police do not make sufficient progress by the weekend.

Justice delayed is justice denied: Court hands over the case to CBI

- After pointing out serious flaws and lack of support from concerned officials in the case and no significant progress, the Kolkata High Court transferred the case to the CBI.

- The specialised team from the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) arrived in Kolkata on Wednesday, accompanied by forensic and medical experts, to begin the investigation into the alleged rape and murder. 

Reclaim the Night protest goes violent

- The 'Reclaim the Night' protest in Kolkata turned violent and chaotic late Wednesday night as a violent mob breached the RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, the site where a 31-year-old trainee doctor was tragically raped and murdered.

- Visual footage revealed scenes of havoc, with mob members vandalising the emergency ward of the medical facility and damaging police vehicles stationed nearby. 

Arrests and investigation

- A total of 25 arrests have been made so far in the RG Kar hospital case. Five of those arrested were identified through social media feedback, according to the Kolkata Police

- Eight physicians and other medical personnel have been called in by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to be questioned in connection with the rape and murder case at RG Kar Medical College and Hospital. 

- The ex-principal Ghosh was summoned by CBI for questioning

- 3-4 resident doctors, colleagues of the victim were also called in for questioning by the CBI.  

Further investigations are underway. Now, the call for justice and safety in medical institutions is growing louder across the nation, impacting patient care and challenging the authorities to take decisive action.  

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New Relic is named a Leader in the 2024 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Observability Platforms for the 12th Consecutive Time

New relic has been named a leader in every report since 2012.

By Katrina Wong, Chief Marketing Officer

We are honored that New Relic has been named a Leader in the 2024 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Observability Platforms . We are the only observability company to receive recognition as a Leader each time since 2012. This demonstrates our commitment to helping our customers like Domino’s , Mercado Libre , and Forbes Media stay consistently ahead in their respective markets.

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Innovating ahead of the market with OTel, AI, and DEM 

Innovation is at the core of our success. In the last few months, we have maintained our long track record of innovation by collaborating with NVIDIA to provide New Relic AI monitoring for applications built with NVIDIA NIM, launching the first integrated, AI-driven DEM solution and New Relic Pathpoint , and deepening our support for OpenTelemetry . These innovations provide businesses of all sizes the latest advancements needed to optimize the performance and reliability of digital applications. We are delivering on our mission of making observability accessible to every business with the industry’s only true consumption pricing and natural language querying and analytics powered by its in-platform generative AI assistant, New Relic AI . 

Recommended by 90% of customers as their platform of choice

We are one of the most-rated observability vendors by customers on the Gartner Peer Insights™ platform. We have an overall rating of 4.5 stars out of 5.0 based on 1389 verified customers, with 90% willingness to recommend the platform. A high percentage (63%) of verified reviewers rate New Relic 5.0 stars for observability. Our customers recognize us for our ability to:  

• Ensure system resilience and up to 100% uptime : “New Relic has been there for us through the ins and outs of sunsetting zabbix and the noise that it has brought, and replacing it with a holistic, data-driven observability and incident management policy, I cannot speak highly enough of how much they helped us along the road to a successful implementation, and it's led to quarters at 100% uptime so far!" — Staff Platform Engineer - Healthcare and Biotech
• Deliver superior customer experiences : “Our organization's observability journey centered in customer experience from zero to hero: New Relic as [a] vendor helped our company to establish true O11y." — Principal Software Engineer - Travel & Hospitality
• Provide deeper insights via single view of both apps and infrastructure : “New Relic provides a holistic solution that goes above just APM monitoring. It provides deep insights into the health, performance, and behavior of applications and infrastructure. As a user, I like how much I can get from one tool, and it reduces dependency on multiple tooling to get reporting and metrics. The APM feature provides real-time data and insights and helps us to track down bottlenecks and optimize code with the help of the granular data provided." — Sr Solution Architect - IT Services
• Maximize value with a flexible consumption model : “The evolution of their pricing model has been noteworthy, transitioning to a more flexible consumption-style approach, enabling us to pay for the precise services utilized. The implementation of New Relic surpassed our initial expectations, streamlining the execution of our observability project and accelerating our project timeline. A pivotal factor that significantly enriched our overall experience was the unwavering dedication and transparency demonstrated by our New Relic Senior Account Executives. Their tireless efforts in developing precise cost projections, facilitating conversations with subject matter experts, championing our cause during contract negotiations, and consistently maintaining open lines of communication showcased their commitment to our success.” — Senior Manager, Infrastructure Engineering - Hardware

Thank you to our customers and partners who trust New Relic to monitor, secure, and optimize their stack. We’re honored to be the sole vendor recognized as a Leader in the Magic Quadrant for observability platforms for 12 years running, and remain committed to eliminating disruptions to your digital enterprise so that your business can grow.

• Download your copy of the Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Observability Platforms.
• Quantify the benefits of observability to your business with our Value Calculator.

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Katrina is New Relic’s Chief Marketing Officer. She brings 20+ years of experience in marketing, go-to-market, and community development to New Relic.

Katrina is an AI-driven marketer with a passion for reaching developer communities. She has a proven track record for helping companies through stages of substantial growth and launching products in new markets. She has also created award-winning integrated campaigns with data storytelling. Katrina most recently served as Divisional CMO and VP Marketing at Twilio Segment. She has also held marketing and go-to-market leadership positions at Hired, Zuora, Salesforce, and SAP. She started her career as a management consultant for PricewaterhouseCoopers.

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The views expressed on this blog are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of New Relic. Any solutions offered by the author are environment-specific and not part of the commercial solutions or support offered by New Relic. Please join us exclusively at the Explorers Hub ( discuss.newrelic.com ) for questions and support related to this blog post. This blog may contain links to content on third-party sites. By providing such links, New Relic does not adopt, guarantee, approve or endorse the information, views or products available on such sites.

Gartner, Magic Quadrant for Observability Platforms, Gregg Siegfried, Padraig Byrne, Mrudula Bangera, Matt Crossley, August 12, 2024.

GARTNER is a registered trademark and service mark of Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and internationally, and MAGIC QUADRANT is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates and are used herein with permission. All rights reserved.

Gartner does not endorse any vendor, product or service depicted in its research publications, and does not advise technology users to select only those vendors with the highest ratings or other designation. Gartner research publications consist of the opinions of Gartner’s research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. Gartner disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to this research, including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

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• General & Introductory Food Science & Technology
• Microbiology, Food Safety & Security

HACCP System Auditing for Food Safety: Principles and Techniques

ISBN: 978-1-394-25473-6

August 2024

Luis Couto Lorenzo

Guide to understand the fundamentals of HACCP and to planning and conducting food safety audits

HACCP System Auditing for Food Safety helps readers understand the fundamentals of the HACCP concept and its importance in ensuring food safety, with guidance on how to develop auditing skills including planning, executing, and reporting on HACCP audits effectively.

To aid in reader comprehension, this book incorporates many practical examples with accompanying figures and models, along with selected case studies and global practices from Europe, Canada, USA, and New Zealand to showcase international practices and standards. ISO 19011 as a standard reference is used throughout the text.

Written by a seasoned industry professional with decades of hands-on experience as an official control agent, HACCP System Auditing for Food Safety includes information on:

• Elements of the HACCP methodology, including related concepts, adapted to the specificities of the food operator
• Phases of HACCP study and application of the seven principles, respecting their internal logic and how they are interrelated
• HACCP as a management system, starting from the commitment of the management or the company’s board of directors, with tasks and responsibilities distributed among staff
• Management system auditing techniques to verify performance, whether for internal audits, supplier audits, or certification purposes

Providing the rational and scientific basis necessary to anticipate problems and to learn from the experiences and situations that arise in the food industry, HACCP System Auditing for Food Safety is an essential reference for various industry professionals, including technicians, quality managers, consultants, auditors, and official control agents.

Luis Couto Lorenzo is the Head of Veterinary Services of Public Health in the Lalín area of the Xunta de Galicia. He has spent more than 30 years contributing to the field of food hygiene and safety as an official control agent.