federalism in nepal essay for class 10

500 Words Essay On Federalism in Nepal

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Federalism in Nepal

Federalism in Nepal refers to the system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. After a decade-long civil war and the overthrow of the monarchy, Nepal officially adopted federalism as a part of its new Constitution in 2015. The country has been divided into seven provinces, each with their own elected government and legislative assembly.

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The adoption of federalism in Nepal was a response to the long-standing demands of marginalized and minority groups for more autonomy and representation. These groups, particularly those in the Terai region and ethnic minority groups, felt that the central government in Kathmandu had neglected their needs and interests. Federalism was seen as a way to address these grievances and bring about greater inclusivity and equity in the political system.

Despite these challenges, many argue that federalism in Nepal has the potential to bring about significant positive changes in the country. By decentralizing power and allowing for greater participation in decision-making at the local level, federalism can lead to more responsive and accountable government. Moreover, by recognizing and addressing the diverse needs and interests of different regions and groups, federalism can help to promote social and economic development and reduce poverty and inequality.

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Another key aspect of federalism in Nepal is the issue of resource allocation and distribution. The Constitution of Nepal recognises the need for the central government to ensure that the provinces have enough resources to effectively govern and deliver services. However, there is still ongoing debate about how to ensure that resources are distributed equitably between provinces and how to ensure that provinces with less resources and opportunities are not left behind.

Overall, federalism in Nepal is still a relatively new system of government and its implementation is ongoing process. There are many challenges to overcome, but many believe that federalism has the potential to bring about positive changes in terms of representation, accountability and development in the country. However, It will need time to see how effective it is in delivering its promises.

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Class 10 Social Guide 2080 - पाठ ३ : नेपालमा सङ्घीयता Federalism in Nepal SEE Nepal

                                                             Class 10 Social Guide 2080

                                                              पाठ ३ : नेपालमा सङ्घीयता

Federalism in Nepal

१. सङ्घीयता भनेको के हो ?

Answer👉 देशलाई विभिन्न प्रदेश र स्थानीय तहमा विभाजन गरी शासन सञ्चालन गर्ने प्रक्रियालाई सङ्घीयता भनिन्छ ।

२. नेपालमा सङ्घीयता कार्यान्वयनमा आएसँगै भएका सकारात्मक परिवर्तन औँल्याउनुहोस् । 

Answer👉 नेपालमा सङ्घीयता कार्यान्वयनमा आएसँगै भएका सकारात्मक परिवर्तन निम्न छन् :-

• सङ्घीय सरकार, प्रदेश सरकार र स्थानीय सरकार गठनमा जनताको सक्रिय सहभागिता भई सामूहिक शासन पद्धतिको विकास प्रारम्भ भएको छ ।
• समावेशिता र सामाजिक न्यायले प्रश्रय पाएको छ साथै जनसहभागितामा वृद्धि भएको छ ।
• सबै जाति, वर्ग, लिङ्ग, क्षेत्र आदिमा अपनत्वको भावना विकास भएको छ र विविधतामा एकताको अवस्था झनै बलियो बनेको छ ।
• प्रदेश तथा स्थानीय तहका बिचमा प्रतिस्पर्धा बढ्न थालेको छ, जसले विकासलाई तिव्रता दिएको छ ।
• सबै कुरामा केन्द्रको मुख ताक्नुपर्ने अवस्थाको अन्त्य भएको छ ।

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३. स्थानीय सरकारको मुख्य कार्यक्षेत्र उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।

Answer👉 स्थानीय सरकारको मुख्य कार्यक्षेत्र निम्न छन् :-

• स्थानीय सेवाको व्यवस्थापन, तथ्याङ्क र अभिलेख सङ्कलन
• स्थानीय स्तरका विकास आयोजना तथा परियोजना
• स्थानीय पूर्वाधार निर्माण
• स्थानीय कर सङ्कलन, खानेपानी तथा साना जल विद्युत् आयोजना
• आधारभूत र माध्यमिक शिक्षा
• आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य र सरसफाइ, वातावरण संरक्षण तथा जैविक विविधता

४. सङ्घीयताको सफल कार्यान्वयनमा ध्यान दिनुपर्ने पक्ष विश्लेषण गर्नुहोस् ।

Answer👉 २०६५ साल जेठ १५ गते नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक मुलुकको घोषणा गरिएको थियो, जुन विभिन्न आन्दोलनहरूको पृष्ठभूमिमा हुँदै गयो। हालको समयमा सङ्घीय संरचना अनुसार सङ्घीय सरकार, प्रदेश सरकार र स्थानीय सरकारको कार्यक्रम चलिरहेका छन्। सङ्घीयता देशलाई पूर्ण बनाउन सहायक रहेकोले यसको सफल कार्यान्वयनमा सबैको सक्रिय र सकारात्मक योगदान आवश्यक छ।

नेपालमा सङ्घीयताको प्रयोगमा नयाँ चुनौती र विविधताले उत्पन्न गरेको हुँदा यसलाई कम गर्दै जाँदा सङ्घीयतालाई सफल र प्रभावकारी बनाउन सकिन्छ। सबैले सङ्घीयताको मूल उद्देश्यलाई मन्नेर अगाडि बढ्न सक्ने गरी सबै तहका कानूनहरूको निर्माण र प्रभावी रूपमा कार्यान्वयन गर्नुपर्छ। यसको लागि केन्द्रीय सरकारले समन्वयकारी भूमिका निभाउनु आवश्यक छ। त्यस्तै, जनप्रतिनिधिहरूले आफ्नो जनताको सेवा गर्नका लागि ईमानदारीका साथमा काम गर्नुपर्छ। सुशासन र अवसरको न्यायोचित वितरणमा पनि सक्रिय हुनु आवश्यक छ।

यसप्रकार, सङ्घीयताको सफल कार्यान्वयनमा विकास र समृद्धि, आत्मनिर्भरता र स्वावलम्बन, रोजगार र स्वरोगारको अवसर, गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य, कानुनी शासनको स्थापना जस्ता क्षेत्रहरूमा ध्यान दिएमा सङ्घीयता सफलतापूर्वक कार्यान्वयन गर्न सकिन्छ।

Class 10 Social Guide 2080

Lesson 3: Federalism in Nepal

1. What is federalism?

Answer👉 The process of governing the country by dividing it into various provinces and local levels is called federalism.

2. Point out the positive changes that have taken place with the implementation of federalism in Nepal.

Answer👉 Following are the positive changes with the implementation of federalism in Nepal:-

The development of the collective governance system has started with the active participation of the people in the formation of the federal government, state government and local government.

Inclusion and social justice have gained support and public participation has increased.

A sense of belonging has developed in all castes, classes, genders, regions etc. and the state of unity in diversity has become stronger.

The competition between the provincial and local levels has started to increase, which has accelerated the development.

The situation of having to face the center in everything has come to an end.

3. Mention the main functions of local government.

Answer👉 The following are the main areas of local government:-

Management of local services, collection of statistics and records

Local level development projects and projects

Building local infrastructure

Local tax collection, drinking water and small hydropower projects

Basic and Secondary Education

Basic health and sanitation, environment protection and biodiversity

4. Analyze the aspects that need attention for the successful implementation of federalism.

Answer👉 On 15th May 2065, Nepal was declared a federal democratic republic country, which happened in the background of various movements. Currently, according to the federal structure, the programs of the federal government, state government and local government are running. Since federalism is instrumental in making the country whole, active and positive contribution of all is necessary for its successful implementation.

Due to new challenges and diversity in the use of federalism in Nepal, federalism can be made successful and effective by reducing it. Legislation at all levels should be formulated and implemented effectively so that everyone can move ahead with the basic purpose of federalism. For this, the central government needs to play a coordinating role. Likewise, public representatives should work with integrity to serve their people. It is also necessary to be active in good governance and equitable distribution of opportunities.

Thus, in the successful implementation of federalism, federalism can be successfully implemented if attention is paid to areas such as development and prosperity, self-reliance and self-reliance, employment and self-employment opportunities, quality education and health, and the establishment of the rule of law.

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एकाइ - एक हामी र हाम्रो समाज

पाठ १ सामाजिकीकरण

पाठ २ हाम्रा पहिचान

पाठ ३ : विविधतामा एकता

पाठ ४ : हाम्रा राष्ट्रिय गौरव

एकाइ - दुई विकास र विकासका पूर्वाधार

पाठ १ : मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क

पाठ २ : दिगो विकास

पाठ ३ : नेपालमा सङ्घीयता 

पाठ ४ : राष्ट्रिय गौरवका आयोजनाहरू

एकाइ-तीन हाम्रा सामाजिक मूल्य र मान्यता

पाठ १ हाम्रा राष्ट्रिय सम्पदा

पाठ - २ हाम्रा लोकगीत

पाठ - ३ नेपाली लोकबाजा

पाठ ४ हाम्रा लोक तथा शास्त्रीय नृत्य

पाठ - ५ हाम्रा राष्ट्रिय दिवसहरू

पाठ ६ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यक्तित्व

पाठ - ७ विश्वबन्धुत्व र मानवता

पाठ - ८ हाम्रो सामाजिक दायित्व

एकाइ-चार सामाजिक समस्या र समाधान

पाठ - १ मानव बेचबिखन : एक गम्भीर सामाजिक समस्या

पाठ - २ यौन विकृति र विसङ्गति

पाठ ३ घरेलु हिंसा

पाठ - ४ सामाजिक विकृतिका रूपमा भ्रष्टाचार

पाठ - ५ अन्धविश्वास हटाऔँ

पाठ - ६ सामाजिक समस्याको पहिचान र समस्या समाधान

पाठ - ७ सामाजिक समस्या समाधानमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय

एकाइ-पाँच लागरिक चेतना

पाठ १ व्यवस्थापिका

पाठ - २ सङ्घीय कार्यपालिका

पाठ - ३ न्यायपालिका

पाठ - ४ राजनीतिक दल

पाठ ५ निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया र नागरिकको भूमिका

पाठ - ६ मानव अधिकार

पाठ - ७ मानव अधिकार संरक्षणमा सङ्घसंस्थाको भूमि

पाठ - ८ उपभोक्ता अधिकार

एकाइ - छ हाम्रो पृथ्वी

पाठ - १ हावापानीमा प्रभाव पार्ने तत्त्वहरू

पाठ - २ विश्वका हावापानीका प्रकारहरू

पाठ - ३ मण्डल

पाठ - ४ समशीतोष्ण मण्डल

पाठ - ५ शीत प्रदेश

पाठ ६ विश्वको हावापानी : धरातलीय विविधता र प्रभा

पाठ ७ उत्तर अमेरिका महादेश

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Federalism in Nepal – The Federal System of Government in Nepal

Get here a post about the Federal System of Government in Nepal. We have posted some information, facts about the Federal System of Government in Nepal. This system is new for South Asian country Nepal. There are many challenges and opportunities in the federal system of governance in Nepal.

We can’t ignore the federal system of governance in Nepal challenges and opportunities. Do You know why is federal system felt necessary in Nepal? This post may help you with my question “why is the federal system felt necessary in Nepal?”

The Federal System of Government in Nepal

Nepal is a landlocked sovereign country located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the North by the People’s Republic of China, and to the South, East and West by the Republic of India. It occupies an area of 1,47,181 Sq. Km.

It is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. Our country ranges from 60m above the sea level to the highest point on earth Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters.

There are broadly two concepts of the system of government: Unitary & Federal. Nepal practiced the unitary system of government throughout its recorded history. However, it has been felt that it was not effective for the development and unity of the country. This was visibly expressed by the people during the People’s Movement-II in 2062/63 BS.

The course of history got changed in 2063 BS. People raised voices for a federal system of government. Nepal was then declared as the Democratic Federal Republic by the Interim Constitution-2063 BS. Now, we are in the process of making a ‘New Nepal’ on the federal concept.

See: about 7 provinces of Nepal 

We elected a ‘Constituent Assembly’ to write a new constitution on this concept on 28 th Chaitra 2064 BS. But it was failed due to various reasons in its mission and got dissolved after four years. The election for the Constituent Assembly-II was successfully conducted on 4 th Marga 2070 BS.

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One hundred and twenty-two (122) political parties participated in this election, and 30 of them got representation in the Constituent Assembly-II. This Constituent Assembly has owned the fundamental concepts adopted by the Constituent Assembly-I and is working to promulgate a new constitution of Nepal .

There is a necessity of a federal system in Nepal. The necessity of federal system in Nepal is clean and clear. The unitary system of government has been practiced in Nepal for a long time. Balance and proportional development through the concept of regional development have been a major effort under the unitary system.

But we can’t ignore the importance of the federal system in Nepal. But, this effort has been confined only in the blue print. We will, of course, get advantages of federalism in Nepal. We must consider more about resource allocation in federalism in Nepal.

Poverty, regional imbalance and unemployment still remained a major problem in the country. Therefore, federalism was raised as a political agenda against the unitary system after the success of people’s movement II, 2062/063.

The second amendment of the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 endorsed the concern of Nepalese people through different political parties to make Nepal a federal country. The first meeting of the first Constituent Assembly, which was held on 15 th Jestha 2065 declared Nepal as “Federal Democratic Republic Country”.

However, the Constituent Assembly (Jestha 2065-2069) could not settle the various issues regarding the determination of federal units in Nepal. So, the federal system is not yet implemented in Nepal.

SEE Also: essay on federalism in Nepal and its future

What is the federal system?

The federal system is a political system where a country is divided into different autonomous states or provinces. Each state or province has a separate government along with its federal government in the center. Generally, there are three administrative units under the federal system. They are the central government, state government, and local bodies.

Features of Federal (Central) Government

• Foreign affairs
• National monetary policy
• National security and military management
• The national highway, railway, postal service
• Big hydropower, multi-provincial project

Features of Provincial (State) Government

• Formulate state policies and laws
• Mobilize state security force and maintain public security
• Carry out local development activities
• Construct development infrastructures
• Preserve language, art, culture and other heritage

In the USA, the state government is responsible for the affairs related to the state including education and health. The central or the federal government is responsible for the external defense, national monitor policies, foreign affairs, and military mobilization.

In the federal system, when the state government is found to be ineffective and unsuccessful or when the national emergency is declared, the federal government controls and directs the respective states until another appropriate arrangement is made.

See: List of 7 States in Nepal

The concept of federalism in Nepal is born some years ago but now Nepal is on the way of the concept of federalism in Nepal. Although there are some challenges of the federal system in Nepal and Nepali is ready to face the challenges of the federal system in Nepal. But after facing the challenges of the federal system in Nepal, We will get benefits of the federal system in Nepal. pal.

NeAt present about 28 countries of the world is having the federal system. This system is in practice in India, the USA, Canada, Belgium, Spain, Australia, Ethiopia, South Africa, etc. In this system, states are formed on the basis of geographical structure, race, and language, population, natural and human resources, etc.

Why is the federal system felt necessary in Nepal?

There are many causes of the necessity of a federal system in Nepal. We have pointed out some points about the necessity of the federal system in Nepal. Know about Why is federal system felt necessary in Nepal?

1. The structure of Nepalese society is of multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, and multi-cultural. The state did not address this diversity in time and the expectation of people increased in such a way that their expectations could be fulfilled only in the federal system.

2. For healthy, sound competitive and proportional development of all the nooks and corners of the country.

3. Development regions were created for decentralization but powers, authority and development activities were centralized in the capital. The development has not reached every nook and corner of the country.

4. The unitary system had failed to mobilize the resources for balanced and justifiable development.

Advantages or Good Aspects of the Federal System in Nepal

No political system is perfect in itself. Every political system has its good and bad aspects. Some good aspects of the federal system are:

⇒ Maintains close relation between the state and its people. ⇒ Conflict may settle at the local level. ⇒ Maximum use of means and resources. ⇒ Does not hamper the country even if the central government is dissolved. ⇒ No need to depend on the center for everything. ⇒ Increment of public participation in government activities. ⇒ Accelerate development activities. ⇒ Local and ethnic art, culture and heritage can be well protected.

⇒ Helps to maintain balanced population distribution. ⇒ Rapid and harmonious development in a nation ⇒ Smooth and effective running of the administration ⇒ Sustainable utilization of means and resources ⇒ Decentralization of power ⇒ Less burden to the central government in administrative affairs ⇒ Equal representation of people in the development and other works ⇒ Concept of self-reliance develops and dependency on others is discouraged ⇒ Maximum participation of people in development and decision making.

Demerits of Federalism

⇒ Unhealthy and unnecessary competition may take place between the provinces for development. ⇒ Overlapping of work between the provinces. ⇒ The country may divide or split. ⇒ Expensive form of government

Challenging Aspects of the Federal System in Nepal

Besides the good aspects of the federal system it may create some problems and challenges, like:

⇒ Unequal distribution of means and resources between the states may cause unequal development and misunderstanding among the states.

⇒ There may be a conflict between the states regarding the use of natural resources of border areas.

⇒ The Federal system of government is more expensive so that there may be a lack of sufficient budget for its successful operation. ⇒ There may be a misunderstanding between the federal government and the provincial government regarding the sharing of power and authorities.

⇒ The provinces may demand a different and a separate state which can threaten the national integrity and indivisibility of the nation

⇒ The cultural and ethnic diversity can cause a challenge regarding the state language and maintain equal recognition to all cultural groups.

The Major Difference in the federal government and State government

The basic functions and criteria are different from each other between central and provincial governments in federalism.

In this way, there is always a check and balance on the activities of the central government and provincial governments. Though the provincial governments are autonomous, they are controlled by the provision of law. State restructuring is a process of political re-imagination of the state as per the changed circumstances.

In this process, there can be a readjustment in the internal political division of the nation, devolution of power to the local bodies a°d state can be more ‘  democratic and inclusive with special arrangements to who is left behind.

Facts into Consideration in Federalism

While dividing Nepal into federal units, various aspects need to be kept under consideration. First, it should recognize the capacity and resources available in the country. Whether a nation can afford such a system or not should be given due value. Second, the total number of provinces should be fixed scientifically, not as a whim. Next, the naming process of the provinces should be done on the three bases (without disintegrating the unity):

(i) geographical identity or resources,

(ii) ethnicity or caste, and

(iii) the mixed form of both.

All in all, the strength and recognition of the nation and citizen should not be ignored at any cost.

We all know that our present constitution promulgated on 3 Asoj, 2072 has adopted federalism and republicanism. Federalism is a dual government system in which there are parallel governments at the national level and local level. The constitution has highly encouraged decentralization of power and public participation. Actually, the Constitution has provided for three levels of government. They are as follows:

1. Federal government:

This is the national level government situated in the capital of the country i.e. Kathmandu. It consists of the national legislature, executive, and judiciary. The President is the head of the state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government i.e. the executive. According to the Constitution, there are two houses in the federal legislature; the House of Representative (lower house) and the National Assembly (upper house). The Supreme Court is the judicial organ of the federal government.

2. Regional government:

In addition to the national government in the capital, there is an autonomous provincial government in each of the provincial states. The executive there is headed by the Chief Minister. Each state has its own legislature and judiciary (high court), too.

3. Local governments:

There are also governments at a local level of village/town and district. According to the new constitution, the executive power of local levels is vested in village executive (guan Palika) and municipal executive (Nagar Palika).

They have the power to direct, control and conduct the governance system of village and town level respectively. There is also village/town assembly that works as the local legislature of village/town. In addition, there is a legislative body in each district. It is called the District Assembly.

District Assembly

According to the Constitution of Nepal, there is a District Assembly in each district. It consists of the Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen of all village executives (guan Palika) as well as the Mayors and Deputy Mayors of all municipalities within the concerned district. Th e first meeting of the District Assembly is held within 30 days after the publication of final results of the elections of the Village Assemblies and Town Assemblies.

District Coordination Committee

Similarly, there is a District Coordination Committee in every district. It consists of a Chairman, a Vice Chairman and maximum of 9 members including at least 3 women and a Dalit or minority citizen elected by the District Assembly. It performs all the tasks that are to be carried out from the side of the District Assembly.

The powers and functions of the District Assembly are as follows.

• To coordinate among the village governments (guan Palika) and municipal governments (Nagar Palika) within the district
• To monitor the development and construction activities in order to maintain a balance in them
• To coordinate between the federal and provincial offices within the district and the village governments (guan Palika) and municipal governments (Nagar Palika)
• To carry out other functions according to the laws of the provincial states

Any member of a Village Assembly or a Town Assembly will be eligible for the post of the Chairman, Vice Chairman or member of the District Coordination Committee of the concerned district. Once elected to any of the posts, he/she will automatically lose his/her post in the Village Assembly or Town Assembly. The tenure of the Chairman, Vice Chairman and members of a District Coordination Committee will be 5 years from the date of appointment.

Powers of the Local Levels

The powers of the local levels (village/town governments as well as district-level governments) as stated by the Constitution are as follows,

• Town police
• Cooperative organizations
• Operation of FM radios
• Local taxes (property tax, house rent tax, service tax, land revenues, etc.)
• Management of local services
• Collection of local statistics and records
• Development of plans and projects of local levels
• Basic and secondary education
• Basic health and sanitation
• Management of local market, environmental conservation, and biodiversity
• Local roads, village roads, agricultural roads, and irrigation
• Management of village assembly, town assembly, district assembly, local courts reconciliation and mediation
• Management of local records
• Distribution of land and house ownership certificates
• Agriculture and animal husbandry, management of agro-products, animal health, and cooperatives
• Management of senior citizens, disabled and the weak
• Collection of the statistics of the unemployed
• Management, operation, and control of the agricultural expansion
• Drinking water, micro-hydro projects, alternative energy
• Disaster management
• Conservation of watersheds, wildlife, and mines as well as minerals
• Preservation and development of language, culture and fine art

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Article Writer: Ram Hari Poudel, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

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