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Perspective of Postpartum Depression Theories: A Narrative Literature Review

Fatemeh abdollahi.

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Munn-Sann Lye

1 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

Mehran Zarghami

2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Postpartum depression is the most prevalent emotional problem during a women's lifespan. Untreated postpartum depression may lead to several consequences such as child, infant, fetal, and maternal effects. The main purpose of this article is to briefly describe different theoretical perspectives of postpartum depression. A literature search was conducted in Psych Info, PubMed, and Science Direct between 1950 and 2015. Additional articles and book chapters were referenced from these sources. Different theories were suggested for developing postpartum depression. Three theories, namely, biological, psychosocial, and evolutionary were discussed. One theory or combinations of psychosocial, biological, and evolutionary theories were considered for postpartum depression. The most important factor that makes clinicians’ choice of intervention is their theoretical perspectives. Healthcare providers and physicians should help women to make informed choices regarding their treatment based on related theories.

Introduction

The postpartum period is recognized as the time when many women are vulnerable to a variety of emotional symptoms.[ 1 ] The most prevalent mental or emotional problem associated with childbirth is postpartum depression (PPD).[ 2 , 3 ] A latest review reported its prevalence to be 1.9 to 82.1% and 5.2 to 74.0% in developing and developed countries, respectively, using a self-reported questionnaire. Its prevalence has also been reported to vary from 0.1 to 26.3% using a structured clinical interview.[ 4 ]

Given that PPD is one of the psychiatric conditions that is amenable to treatment, early recognition is a significant task for all physicians who are working with women during prenatal and postnatal period and can help them in providing treatment plans to reduce their distress.[ 5 , 6 ]

Despite scholars’ efforts, the etiology of depression after birth is inconsistent and unknown.[ 7 , 8 ] Numerous etiologies have been suggested; however, no single hypothesis can elucidate this phenomenon.[ 7 , 9 ]

Because there is no single etiology for developing PPD, a single modality could not be effective for treatment of all women. Some scholars affirm that theoretical perspectives should be evaluated before taking a decision regarding treatment options. This article is a review of the possible theories proposed for PPD.

Biological Theories

Beck (2002) stressed that one of the theoretical bases of PPD is the medical model which is considered as an illness as well as a medical condition. It is also a personal pathological mood disorder which is not considered to be a result of social or environmental conditions. From this point of view, women are passive individuals in the medical model who are under influence of biological factors.[ 10 ] They suffer more from depression episodes around particular periods during their lifespan.[ 11 ]

Different theories exist regarding pathophysiological hormonal effects on PPD including the withdrawal theory,[ 12 ] interaction among the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system (HPA),[ 13 , 14 ] and change in the levels of gonadal hormones.[ 15 ]

In the prenatal period, HPA axis and women's reproductive system changes with strong interaction between them. It is possible that the HPA axis functions differently in women who are susceptible to depression through the suppression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) during postpartum period in the hormonal pathway for affective disorders.[ 16 , 17 ] On the other hand, other studies have demonstrated that CRH suppression does not correlate with mood fluctuation, and therefore the HPA axis in the physiology of PPD is possibly not well-founded.[ 18 ]

Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, beta-endorphin, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and cortisol increase during pregnancy and significantly drop after birth.[ 12 , 19 ] Quick shifts in hormones, such as estrogen in the puerperium, changes the levels of these hormones either too high or too low leading to PPD.[ 6 ] Moreover, a sharp decline in reproductive hormone levels that occurs after delivery is assumed to be the main cause of PPD in women by some researchers.[ 6 , 13 ] This modification is said to be a trigger for changes in the peripheral and central monoamine centers.[ 12 , 20 ] Sudden withdrawal of these hormones could be a trigger of depression and women with a history of PPD may respond differently and more sensitively to sudden decrease of plasma levels of gonadal steroids.[ 12 ]

Reduced estradiol plasma levels with depressed group in contrast with the control group was reported.[ 13 ] Estrogen and progesterone have an effect on neurotransmitters which are involved in the emotional and cognitive processes.[ 12 ] The function of estrogen is to keep serotonin stable in order to keep more transmitters in the brain. Furthermore, estrogen has an influence on adrenaline, norepinephrine, and serotonin receptors. The latter interaction could be due to antidepressant function and depression.[ 21 ] Moreover, neuropeptides have various roles in physiological and behavioral parts of the cerebral nervous system (CNS).[ 22 ] Levels of estrogen decrease prior to menstruation, after delivery, and during menopause. In addition, gonadal hormones keep the rate of depression down during pregnancy.[ 23 ] This effect manifests itself during the last trimester of pregnancy. Within a few days after childbirth, gonadal hormones decrease markedly, which demonstrates a probable correlation with an unexpected increase in the development of nonpsychotic and psychotic mental illness.[ 23 , 24 ] However, other research findings did not find hypogonadal levels of estrogen and progesterone to be a risk factor for PPD.[ 25 ]

It has been also suggested that the serotonin (5HT) system has a significant role in prenatal and postnatal depression because depressed mothers respond well to serotonergic antidepressants.[ 26 ] According to this study results, 5HT1A serotonin receptor binding decreased from 20 to 28% in the depressed group in comparison with the control group.[ 26 ]

Even though, many scholars have concluded that physiological fluctuations are the causes of PPD, hormonal cause for the PPD is not supported consistently by the literature.[ 6 ] While the genetic basis of varying sensitiveness to gonadal steroids remains unclear, genetic polymorphisms in genes that regulate reproductive hormones may make some women susceptible to mood disorders.[ 24 ]

A correlation between personality and genetic factors such as Cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) has been demonstrated.[ 27 , 28 ] The presentation of CYP2D6 is prevalent under the genetic control.[ 29 ] The rate of CYP2D6 metabolism in pregnant and postpartum depressed mothers was more than anticipated in a general population.[ 29 ]

To sum up, the previous studies did not reach a unified conclusion. It appears that an internal abnormal reaction to hormonal changes contributes to PPD.[ 20 ]

Psychosocial Theory

Specific neurophysiological and neurochemical changes in the brain are triggered by psychosocial stressors and interpersonal events that significantly change the neurotransmitter balance. It is considered that depression is related with psychosocial stressors, as described below.[ 30 ]

Psychodynamic theory

The psychodynamic point of view supports the idea that some unfinished business in women's childhood or family may cause more psychological troubles after birth.[ 31 ] Women have a tendency to imitate their own mother's role as soon as they become mother after birth, however, if there is a rejection in accepting their own mother's role, they have trouble coping or adapting to their new role of motherhood.[ 30 ] The outcome of the mother's role conflict can lead to rejecting the female identity as well as threaten her feminism.[ 30 ] Some experts have also noted that childbirth results in loss of their identity and leads to withdrawal of love, affection, and loss of independence.[ 31 , 32 ] Moreover, family's negative attitude affects women's well-being and results in the maladjustment of coping mechanisms.[ 31 ]

Cognitive psychology theory

The cognitive approach instead of postulating internal conflicts in psychodynamic theory emphasizes certain characteristics of personality which predispose new mothers to PPD. It is the unrealistic expectation of childbirth and motherhood which may cause mothers to be anxious, controlling, perfectionist, and exhibit compulsive tendencies.[ 33 ] Beck (1967) postulated that depressed mood is the result of thought disturbances.[ 34 ] Pessimism toward oneself, the world, and the future contributes to a depressive mood.[ 31 , 33 , 35 ] In addition, in the absence of suitable role models, the woman feels loss of control and anxiety resulting in a lack of a capability to cope with infant's demands and care.[ 31 ]

Social and interpersonal theory

Egeline (2008) contends that environment plays a significant role in an individual's life.[ 36 ] Attachment theory says that interpersonal struggles in an individual's life have significant influences on mental health. It is obvious that an individual requires affection which needs to be fulfilled in the initial stage of a relationship. Uncertainties concerning a relationship may result to disappointment and bring about depression and anxiety.[ 37 ] A number of interpersonal factors play a role in women's distress and sensitivity makes them prone to develop postpartum disorders. These include insufficient social support and marital conflicts.[ 38 ] Childbirth is a significant transitional event in life and support at this stage can potentially affect women's mental status after delivery.[ 39 ] Sudden psychosocial fluctuations within motherhood and its challenges coupled with stresses could be other factors that may trigger PPD.[ 20 ]

Behavioral theory

According to the behavioral theory, depressive episode can result from major life events that disrupt an individual's normal support pattern.[ 40 ] Life stressors and psychological problems such as parent's divorce, low parental emotional support, mother-daughter conflict, and self-esteem are predictors of PPD.[ 38 ]

The theory of operant condition paradigm claims that depression is a consequence of a decrease in the positive efficient reinforced behavior and could be a sign of obvious punishment for nonconformant behavior. It is also the result of a decrease in the accessibility of reinforcement events, personal ability to maneuver the environment, the impact of variety of events, or a combination of the above. Moreover, a negative feedback of social reinforcement behaviors may result from unavailability of support from family and other social networks such as social withdrawal. However, a low rate of positive reinforcement for mood-enhancing behavior and high rate of positive reinforcement for depressive behavior may be experienced by people who experience major stress originating from unexpected events.[ 40 ]

Evolutionary theory

Scholars have suggested relevant adaptive functions for PPD which are consistent with ideas of evolutionary theorists. Usually the women experiences negative effects such as gloomy and depressed mood due to problems concerning the infant, marital problems, and lack of social support associated with the social and family environment. Some women, who suffer from major PPD and with symptoms such as psychomotor retardation, weight loss, loss of interest in activities, lack of concentration, and constant suicidal thoughts may sometimes not seek social support. Moreover, actions that women take to reduce these psychological problems predispose her to PPD.[ 41 ]

From an evolutionary perspective, there are situations when it would be in the women's best interest to decrease her investment for a baby, for instance when there is a lack of sufficient social support to raise the newborn or when the child has a problem.[ 31 , 41 ]

According to evolutionary theorists, PPD results from an adaptive function that signals a potential fitness cost to the mother. Thus, PPD is not a dysfunction but rather an adaptive mechanism. It signals a mother who has suffered a social cost motivating her to evaluate whether to continue to or cease to provide care to her offspring. From this viewpoint, PPD is a universal phenomenon that appears in women around the world. As a result, in societies that give rise to the circumstances, its prevalence is reduced.[ 42 ]

There is no common consensus among theorists regarding the nature of PPD. Three theoretical perspectives on PPD have been reviewed in this paper. One theory or combination of theories may be suspected for a postpartum depressed woman. Biological theory, such as physiological fluctuations of hormones, psychosocial theory, such as interpersonal struggles in an individual's life, and finally evolutionary theory that suggests adaptive functions as a model for PPD were discussed.

The most important factor that affects health care providers and clinicians’ choice of intervention (prevention or treatment) is their theoretical perspectives on PPD.[ 10 ] In some cases, combination of these theories may be applied. For example, antidepressant therapy (medical model) along with psychotherapy (psychosocial model) may be employed for treatment. Healthcare providers should inform depressed women about the range of treatment approaches available that are set based on appropriate theories and help them to make informed choices regarding their treatment.

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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy Essay

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Introduction

Postpartum depression.

Although for many people the birth of a child is an exciting part of life, for some it may cause adverse health outcomes. One of them is postpartum depression that can be characterized by mood swings, sleep deprivation, and anxiety. This paper discusses a patient that presented in the clinic with these symptoms. It outlines the possible treatment and therapy methods, as well as the implications of the condition.

A 28-year-old patient presented in the office three weeks after giving birth to her first son with the symptoms of postpartum depression. The woman was a single mother; she did not have a strong support system as her former partner refused to help her and her family lived in a different state. She noted that she was sleep-deprived, she felt apathetic, sad, experienced anxiety, and had a decreased appetite.

The patient reported that she was diagnosed with depression seven years ago but underwent treatment and had not had the symptoms for a long time. The woman noted that her mother also had signs of a mental disorder but never sought professional help. The patient cried while talking to me; her emotional state was poor. In addition, the woman admitted that she had thought of harming her newborn son because she felt that she was tired of taking care of him.

The typical signs of postpartum depression include the presence of sleep disorder, fatigue, crying, anxiety, changes in appetite, and feelings of inadequacy (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). The patient has these symptoms, which allowed for establishing the diagnosis. Drug therapy included the prescription of tricyclic antidepressants, as they do not pose risks to infants during breastfeeding (Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 2018). Additional therapies included adequate nutrition with the exclusion of caffeine and herbal remedies, such as 2 cups of lemon balm tea daily (Tharpe et al., 2017).

Moreover, I advised the woman to participate in support groups’ meetings and have a scheduled time for personal care, hobbies, and favorite activities, as well as sleep. In addition, I asked the patient to try to have some time away from her child as it could improve her mental state as well. As for follow-up care measures, I suggested that the woman could document her thoughts and feelings and update me on the changes in her condition by visiting my office in two weeks. Moreover, I invited the patient to participate in an educational session on the aspects of postpartum depression.

The primary implication of the woman’s condition is that it is vital to educate individuals on its symptoms and assure them that this experience is common. Moreover, it is necessary to continue establishing support groups and psychotherapy sessions aimed to eliminate this issue. Postpartum depression may affect not only this woman but her entire family unit as the individuals close to the patient can also start experiencing emotional distress and other related symptoms. In the case of my patient, the condition may affect her relationships with her child, potentially causing a poor emotional bond and behavioral problems in the infant.

Postpartum depression is a severe condition that may affect a patient’s life significantly. It can cause individuals to feel anxious, experience mood swings and changes in appetite, and have thoughts of harming their newborn children. The management strategy for this illness can include drug therapy along with alternative remedies. It is vital to establish support groups and educational training for people having postpartum depression to decrease its incidence.

Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (2018). Postpartum depression . Web.

Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

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IvyPanda. (2021, July 9). Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy. https://ivypanda.com/essays/postpartum-depression-discussion/

"Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy." IvyPanda , 9 July 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/postpartum-depression-discussion/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy'. 9 July.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy." July 9, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/postpartum-depression-discussion/.

1. IvyPanda . "Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy." July 9, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/postpartum-depression-discussion/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Postpartum Depression: Treatment and Therapy." July 9, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/postpartum-depression-discussion/.

• Patient Care & Health Information
• Diseases & Conditions
• Postpartum depression

Your health care provider will usually talk with you about your feelings, thoughts and mental health to help determine if you have a short-term case of postpartum baby blues or a more severe form of depression. Don't be embarrassed — postpartum depression is common. Share your symptoms with your provider so that you and your provider can create a useful treatment plan.

As part of your evaluation, your health care provider may do a depression screening, including having you fill out a questionnaire. Your provider may order other tests, if needed, to rule out other causes for your symptoms.

Treatment and recovery time vary, depending on how severe your depression is and what your individual needs are. If you have an underactive thyroid or an underlying illness, your health care provider may treat those conditions or refer you to the appropriate specialist. Your health care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional.

The baby blues usually fade on their own within a few days to 1 to 2 weeks. In the meantime:

• Get as much rest as you can.
• Accept help from family and friends.
• Connect with other new moms.
• Create time to take care of yourself.
• Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs, which can make mood swings worse.
• Ask your health care provider about getting help from a health professional called a lactation consultant if you're having problems with producing milk or breastfeeding.

Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy — also called talk therapy or mental health counseling — medicine or both.

• Psychotherapy. It may help to talk through your concerns with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. Through therapy, you can find better ways to cope with your feelings, solve problems, set realistic goals and respond to situations in a positive way. Sometimes family or relationship therapy also helps. Examples of therapies used for postpartum depression include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy.
• Antidepressants. Your health care provider may recommend an antidepressant. If you're breastfeeding, any medicine you take will enter your breast milk. However, most antidepressants can be used during breastfeeding with little risk of side effects for your baby. Work with your provider to weigh the potential risks and benefits of specific antidepressants.
• Other medicines. When needed, other medicines may be added to your treatment. For example, if you have postpartum depression that includes severe anxiety or insomnia, an antianxiety medicine may be recommended for a short time.

Brexanolone (Zulresso) is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for postpartum depression in adult women. Brexanolone slows the rapid drop of certain hormones after childbirth that may lead to postpartum depression. Potential serious side effects require a stay in a health care facility and monitoring by a health care provider while receiving the medicine through a vein over 60 hours. Because of this, the treatment is not yet widely available.

Research continues on an oral medicine for postpartum depression with promising results. The medicine being studied works in a way similar to brexanolone. But it could be taken daily as a pill and may not have the same serious side effects.

With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve. In some cases, postpartum depression can continue and become long term, which is called chronic depression. It's important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. Stopping treatment too early may lead to a relapse.

Postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis requires immediate treatment, usually in the hospital. Treatment may include:

• Medicines. Treatment may require a combination of medicines — such as antidepressants, antipsychotic medicines, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines — to control your signs and symptoms.
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If your postpartum depression is severe and you experience postpartum psychosis, ECT may be recommended if symptoms do not respond to medicine. ECT is a procedure in which small electrical currents are passed through the brain, intentionally starting a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can reduce the symptoms of psychosis and depression, especially when other treatments have been unsuccessful.

A hospital stay during treatment for postpartum psychosis can challenge a mother's ability to breastfeed. This separation from the baby makes breastfeeding difficult. Your health care provider can recommend support for lactation — the process of producing breast milk — while you're in the hospital.

More Information

• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Clinical trials

Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.

Lifestyle and home remedies

In addition to professional treatment, you can do some things for yourself that build on your treatment plan and help speed recovery.

• Make healthy lifestyle choices. Include physical activity, such as a walk with your baby, and other forms of exercise in your daily routine. Try to get enough rest. Eat healthy foods and avoid alcohol.
• Set realistic expectations. Don't pressure yourself to do everything. Scale back your expectations for the perfect household. Do what you can and leave the rest.
• Make time for yourself. Take some time for yourself and get out of the house. That may mean asking a partner to take care of the baby or arranging for a sitter. Do something you enjoy, such as a hobby or some form of entertainment. You might also schedule some time alone with your partner or friends.
• Avoid isolation. Talk with your partner, family and friends about how you're feeling. Ask other mothers about their experiences. Breaking the isolation may help you feel human again.
• Ask for help. Try to open up to the people close to you and let them know you need help. If someone offers to babysit, take them up on it. If you can sleep, take a nap, or maybe you can see a movie or meet for coffee with friends. You may also benefit from asking for help with parenting skills that can include caregiving techniques to improve your baby's sleep and soothe fussing and crying.

Remember, taking care of your baby includes taking care of yourself.

Coping and support

The already stressful, exhausting period following a baby's birth is more difficult when depression occurs. But remember, postpartum depression is never anyone's fault. It's a common medical condition that needs treatment.

So, if you're having trouble coping with postpartum depression, talk with your health care provider. Ask your provider or a therapist about local support groups for new moms or women who have postpartum depression.

The sooner you get help, the sooner you'll be fully equipped to cope with depression and enjoy your new baby.

Preparing for your appointment

After your first appointment, your health care provider may refer you to a mental health provider who can create the right treatment plan with you. You may want to find a trusted family member or friend to join you for your appointment to help you remember all the information discussed.

What you can do

Before your appointment, make a list of:

• Any symptoms you've been experiencing and for how long.
• All of your medical issues, including physical health conditions or mental health conditions, such as depression.
• All the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the counter medicines, as well as vitamins, herbs and other supplements, and the doses.
• Questions to ask your provider.

Questions to ask may include:

• What is my diagnosis?
• What treatments are likely to help me?
• What are the possible side effects of the treatments you're suggesting?
• How much and how soon do you expect my symptoms to improve with treatment?
• Is the medicine you're prescribing safe to take while breastfeeding?
• How long will I need to be treated?
• What lifestyle changes can help me manage my symptoms?
• How often should I be seen for follow-up visits?
• Am I at increased risk of other mental health problems?
• Am I at risk of this condition recurring if I have another baby?
• Is there any way to prevent a recurrence if I have another baby?
• Are there any printed materials that I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Don't hesitate to ask any other questions during your appointment.

What to expect from your doctor

Your health care provider or mental health provider may ask you some questions, such as:

• What are your symptoms, and when did they start?
• Have your symptoms been getting better or worse over time?
• Are your symptoms affecting your ability to care for your baby?
• Do you feel as bonded to your baby as you expected?
• Are you able to sleep when you have the chance and get out of bed when it's time to wake up?
• How would you describe your energy level?
• Has your appetite changed?
• How often would you say you feel anxious, irritable or angry?
• Have you had any thoughts of harming yourself or your baby?
• How much support do you have in caring for your baby?
• Are there other major stressors in your life, such as financial or relationship problems?
• Have you been diagnosed with any other medical conditions?
• Have you ever been diagnosed with any mental health conditions, such as depression or bipolar disorder? If so, what type of treatment helped the most?

Your provider may ask additional questions based on your responses, symptoms and needs. Preparing for questions will help you make the most of your appointment.

• Depressive disorders. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision DSM-5-TR. American Psychiatric Association; 2022. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Accessed May 9, 2022.
• Postpartum depression. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression. Accessed May 5, 2022.
• Depression among women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/depression/index.htm. Accessed May 5, 2022.
• What is peripartum depression (formerly postpartum)? American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/postpartum-depression/what-is-postpartum-depression. Accessed Nov. 18, 2022.
• Viguera A. Postpartum unipolar depression: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 18, 2022.
• Viguera A. Mild to moderate postpartum unipolar major depression: Treatment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• Viguera A. Severe postpartum unipolar major depression: Choosing treatment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• Faden J, et al. Intravenous brexanolone for postpartum depression: What it is, how well does it work, and will it be used? Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. 2020; doi:10.1177/2045125320968658.
• FAQs. Postpartum depression. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/postpartum-depression. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• Suicide prevention. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• Postpartum depression. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression#. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• AskMayoExpert. Depression in pregnancy and postpartum. Mayo Clinic; 2022.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Postpartum care of the mother. In: Guidelines for Perinatal Care. 8th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2017.
• Kumar SV, et al. Promoting postpartum mental health in fathers: Recommendations for nurse practitioners. American Journal of Men's Health. 2018; doi:10.1177/1557988317744712.
• Scarff JR. Postpartum depression in men. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 2019;16:11.
• Bergink V, et al. Postpartum psychosis: Madness, mania, and melancholia in motherhood. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2016; doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16040454.
• Yogman M, et al. Fathers' roles in the care and development of their children: The role of pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016; doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1128.
• FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-post-partum-depression. Accessed May 6, 2022.
• Deligiannidis KM, et al. Effect of zuranolone vs placebo in postpartum depression: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021; doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559.
• Betcher KM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. May 10, 2022.
• 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. https://988lifeline.org/. Accessed Nov. 18, 2022.

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434 Depression Essay Titles & Research Topics: Argumentative, Controversial, and More

Depression is undeniably one of the most prevalent mental health conditions globally, affecting approximately 5% of adults worldwide. It often manifests as intense feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities. Many also experience physical symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances, and appetite changes. Recognizing and addressing this mental disorder is extremely important to save lives and treat the condition.

In this article, we’ll discuss how to write an essay about depression and introduce depression essay topics and research titles for students that may be inspirational.

• 🔝 Top Depression Essay Titles
• ✅ Essay Prompts
• 💡 Research Topics
• 🔎 Essay Titles
• 💭 Speech Topics
• 📝 Essay Structure

🔗 References

🔝 top 12 research titles about depression.

• How is depression treated?
• Depression: Risk factors.
• The symptoms of depression.
• What types of depression exist?
• Depression in young people.
• Differences between anxiety and depression.
• The parents’ role in depression therapy.
• Drugs as the root cause of depression.
• Dangerous consequences of untreated depression.
• Effect of long-term depression.
• Different stages of depression.
• Treatment for depression.

✅ Prompts for Essay about Depression

Struggling to find inspiration for your essay? Look no further! We’ve put together some valuable essay prompts on depression just for you!

Prompt for Personal Essay about Depression

Sharing your own experience with depression in a paper can be a good idea. Others may feel more motivated to overcome their situation after reading your story. You can also share valuable advice by discussing things or methods that have personally helped you deal with the condition.

For example, in your essay about depression, you can:

• Tell about the time you felt anxious, hopeless, or depressed;
• Express your opinion on depression based on the experiences from your life;
• Suggest a way of dealing with the initial symptoms of depression ;
• Share your ideas on how to protect mental health at a young age.

How to Overcome Depression: Essay Prompt

Sadness is a common human emotion, but depression encompasses more than just sadness. As reported by the National Institute of Mental Health, around 21 million adults in the United States, roughly 8.4% of the total adult population , faced at least one significant episode of depression in 2020. When crafting your essay about overcoming depression, consider exploring the following aspects:

• Depression in young people and adolescents;
• The main causes of depression;
• The symptoms of depression;
• Ways to treat depression;
• Help from a psychologist (cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy ).

Postpartum Depression: Essay Prompt

The birth of a child often evokes a spectrum of powerful emotions, spanning from exhilaration and happiness to apprehension and unease. It can also trigger the onset of depression. Following childbirth, many new mothers experience postpartum “baby blues,” marked by shifts in mood, bouts of tears, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. To shed light on the subject of postpartum depression, explore the following questions:

• What factors may increase the risk of postpartum depression?
• Is postpartum depression predictable?
• How to prevent postpartum depression?
• What are the symptoms of postpartum depression?
• What kinds of postpartum depression treatments exist?

Prompt for Essay about Teenage Depression

Teenage depression is a mental health condition characterized by sadness and diminishing interest in daily activities. It can significantly impact a teenager’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior, often requiring long-term treatment and support.

By discussing the primary symptoms of teenage depression in your paper, you can raise awareness of the issue and encourage those in need to seek assistance. You can pay attention to the following aspects:

• Emotional changes (feelings of sadness, anger, hopelessness, guilt, etc.);
• Behavioral changes (loss of energy and appetite , less attention to personal hygiene, self-harm, etc.);
• New addictions (drugs, alcohol, computer games, etc.).

💡 Research Topics about Depression

• The role of genetics in depression development.
• The effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic interventions for depression.
• Anti-depression non-pharmacological and medication treatment.
• The impact of childhood trauma on the onset of depression later in life.
• Exploring the efficacy of antidepressant medication in different populations.
• The impact of exercise on depression symptoms and treatment outcomes.
• Mild depression: pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
• The relationship between sleep disturbances and depression.
• The role of gut microbiota in depression and potential implications for treatment.
• Investigating the impact of social media on depression rates in adolescents.
• Depression, dementia, and delirium in older people .
• The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in preventing depression relapse.
• The influence of hormonal changes on depression risk.
• Assessing the effectiveness of self-help and digital interventions for depression.
• Herbal and complementary therapies for depression.
• The relationship between personality traits and vulnerability to depression.
• Investigating the long-term consequences of untreated depression on physical health.
• Exploring the link between chronic pain and depression.
• Depression in the elderly male.
• The impact of childhood experiences on depression outcomes in adulthood.
• The use of ketamine and other novel treatments for depression.
• The effect of stigma on depression diagnosis and treatment.
• The conducted family assessment: cases of depression.
• The role of social support in depression recovery.
• The effectiveness of online support groups for individuals with depression.
• Depression and cognitive decline in adults.
• Depression: PICOT question component exploration .
• Exploring the impact of nutrition and dietary patterns on depression symptoms.
• Investigating the efficacy of art-based therapies in depression treatment.
• The role of neuroplasticity in the development and treatment of depression.
• Depression among HIV-positive women.
• The influence of gender on depression prevalence and symptomatology.
• Investigating the impact of workplace factors on depression rates and outcomes.
• The efficacy of family-based interventions in reducing depression symptoms in teenagers.
• Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses.
• The role of early-life stress and adversity in depression vulnerability.
• The impact of various environmental factors on depression rates.
• Exploring the link between depression and cardiovascular health.
• Depression detection in adults in nursing practice.
• Virtual reality as a therapeutic tool for depression treatment.
• Investigating the impact of childhood bullying on depression outcomes.
• The benefits of animal-assisted interventions in depression management.
• Depression and physical exercise.
• The relationship between depression and suicidal behavior.
• The influence of cultural factors on depression symptom expression.
• Investigating the role of epigenetics in depression susceptibility.
• Depression associated with cognitive dysfunction.
• Exploring the impact of adverse trauma on the course of depression.
• The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression.
• The relationship between depression and substance use disorders .
• Depression and anxiety among college students.
• Investigating the effectiveness of group therapy for depression.
• Depression and chronic medical conditions.

Psychology Research Topics on Depression

• The influence of early attachment experiences on the development of depression.
• The impact of negative cognitive biases on depression symptomatology.
• Depression treatment plan for a queer patient .
• Examining the relationship between perfectionism and depression.
• The role of self-esteem in depression vulnerability and recovery.
• Exploring the link between maladaptive thinking styles (e.g., rumination, catastrophizing) and depression.
• Investigating the impact of social support on depression outcomes and resilience.
• Identifying depression in young adults at an early stage.
• The influence of parenting styles on the risk of depression in children and adolescents.
• The role of self-criticism and self-compassion in depression treatment.
• Exploring the relationship between identity development and depression in emerging adulthood.
• The role of learned helplessness in understanding depression and its treatment.
• Depression in the elderly.
• Examining the connection between self-efficacy beliefs and depression symptoms.
• The influence of social comparison processes on depression and body image dissatisfaction.
• Exploring the impact of trauma-related disorders on depression.
• The role of resilience factors in buffering against the development of depression.
• Investigating the relationship between personality traits and depression.
• Depression and workplace violence .
• The impact of cultural factors on depression prevalence and symptom presentation.
• Investigating the effects of chronic stress on depression risk.
• The role of coping strategies in depression management and recovery.
• The correlation between discrimination/prejudice and depression/anxiety.
• Exploring the influence of gender norms and societal expectations on depression rates.
• The impact of adverse workplace conditions on employee depression.
• Investigating the effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating depression.
• Cognitive behavior and depression in adolescents .
• Childhood emotional neglect and adult depression.
• The influence of perceived social support on treatment outcomes in depression.
• The effects of childhood bullying on the development of depression.
• The impact of intergenerational transmission of depression within families.
• Depression in children: symptoms and treatments.
• Investigating the link between body dissatisfaction and depression in adolescence.
• The influence of adverse life events and chronic stressors on depression risk.
• The effects of peer victimization on the development of depression in adolescence.
• Counselling clients with depression and addiction.
• The role of experiential avoidance in depression and its treatment.
• The impact of social media use and online interactions on depression rates.
• Depression management in adolescent.
• Exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence and depression symptomatology.
• Investigating the influence of cultural values and norms on depression stigma and help-seeking behavior.
• The effects of childhood maltreatment on neurobiological markers of depression.
• Psychological and emotional conditions of suicide and depression.
• Exploring the relationship between body dissatisfaction and depression.
• The influence of self-worth contingencies on depression vulnerability and treatment response.
• The impact of social isolation and loneliness on depression rates.
• Psychology of depression among college students.
• The effects of perfectionistic self-presentation on depression in college students.
• The role of mindfulness skills in depression prevention and relapse prevention.
• Investigating the influence of adverse neighborhood conditions on depression risk.
• Personality psychology and depression.
• The impact of attachment insecurity on depression symptomatology.

Postpartum Depression Research Topics

• Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression.
• Exploring the role of hormonal changes in postpartum depression.
• “Baby blues” or postpartum depression and evidence-based care .
• The impact of social support on postpartum depression.
• The effectiveness of screening tools for early detection of postpartum depression.
• The relationship between postpartum depression and maternal-infant bonding .
• Postpartum depression educational program results.
• Identifying effective interventions for preventing and treating postpartum depression.
• Examining the impact of cultural factors on postpartum depression rates.
• Investigating the role of sleep disturbances in postpartum depression.
• Depression and postpartum depression relationship.
• Exploring the impact of a traumatic birth experience on postpartum depression.
• Assessing the impact of breastfeeding difficulties on postpartum depression.
• Understanding the role of genetic factors in postpartum depression.
• Postpartum depression: consequences.
• Investigating the impact of previous psychiatric history on postpartum depression risk.
• The potential benefits of exercise on postpartum depression symptoms.
• The efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions for postpartum depression.
• Postpartum depression in the twenty-first century.
• The influence of partner support on postpartum depression outcomes.
• Examining the relationship between postpartum depression and maternal self-esteem.
• The impact of postpartum depression on infant development and well-being.
• Maternal mood symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum depression.
• The effectiveness of group therapy for postpartum depression management.
• Identifying the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in postpartum depression.
• Investigating the impact of childcare stress on postpartum depression.
• Postpartum depression among low-income US mothers.
• The role of postnatal anxiety symptoms in postpartum depression.
• The impact of postpartum depression on the marital relationship.
• The influence of postpartum depression on parenting practices and parental stress.
• Postpartum depression: symptoms, role of cultural factors, and ways to support.
• Investigating the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for postpartum depression.
• The impact of postpartum depression on breastfeeding initiation and continuation.
• The relationship between postpartum depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
• Postpartum depression and its identification.
• The impact of postpartum depression on cognitive functioning and decision-making.
• Investigating the influence of cultural norms and expectations on postpartum depression rates.
• The impact of maternal guilt and shame on postpartum depression symptoms.
• Beck’s postpartum depression theory: purpose, concepts, and significance .
• Understanding the role of attachment styles in postpartum depression vulnerability.
• Investigating the effectiveness of online support groups for women with postpartum depression.
• The impact of socioeconomic factors on postpartum depression prevalence.
• Perinatal depression: research study and design.
• The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for postpartum depression.
• Investigating the influence of birth spacing on postpartum depression risk.
• The role of trauma history in postpartum depression development.
• The link between the birth experience and postnatal depression.
• How does postpartum depression affect the mother-infant interaction and bonding ?
• The effectiveness of home visiting programs in preventing and managing postpartum depression.
• Assessing the influence of work-related stress on postpartum depression.
• The relationship between postpartum depression and pregnancy-related complications.
• The role of personality traits in postpartum depression vulnerability.

🔎 Depression Essay Titles

Depression essay topics: cause & effect.

• The effects of childhood trauma on the development of depression in adults.
• The impact of social media usage on the prevalence of depression in adolescents.
• “Predictors of Postpartum Depression” by Katon et al.
• The effects of environmental factors on depression rates.
• The relationship between academic pressure and depression among college students.
• The relationship between financial stress and depression.
• The best solution to predict depression because of bullying.
• How does long-term unemployment affect mental health ?
• The effects of unemployment on mental health, particularly the risk of depression.
• The impact of genetics and family history of depression on an individual’s likelihood of developing depression.
• The relationship between depression and substance abuse.
• Child abuse and depression.
• The role of gender in the manifestation and treatment of depression.
• The effects of chronic stress on the development of depression.
• The link between substance abuse and depression.
• Depression among students at Elon University.
• The influence of early attachment styles on an individual’s vulnerability to depression.
• The effects of sleep disturbances on the severity of depression.
• Chronic illness and the risk of developing depression.
• Depression: symptoms and treatment.
• Adverse childhood experiences and the likelihood of experiencing depression in adulthood.
• The relationship between chronic illness and depression.
• The role of negative thinking patterns in the development of depression.
• Effects of depression among adolescents.
• The effects of poor body image and low self-esteem on the prevalence of depression.
• The influence of social support systems on preventing symptoms of depression.
• The effects of child neglect on adult depression rates.
• Depression caused by hormonal imbalance.
• The link between perfectionism and the risk of developing depression.
• The effects of a lack of sleep on depression symptoms.
• The effects of childhood abuse and neglect on the risk of depression.
• Social aspects of depression and anxiety.
• The impact of bullying on the likelihood of experiencing depression.
• The role of serotonin and neurotransmitter imbalances in the development of depression.
• The impact of a poor diet on depression rates.
• Depression and anxiety run in the family .
• The effects of childhood poverty and socioeconomic status on depression rates in adults.
• The impact of divorce on depression rates.
• The relationship between traumatic life events and the risk of developing depression.
• The influence of personality traits on susceptibility to depression.
• The impact of workplace stress on depression rates.
• Depression in older adults: causes and treatment.
• The impact of parental depression on children’s mental health outcomes.
• The effects of social isolation on the prevalence and severity of depression.
• The role of cultural factors in the manifestation and treatment of depression.
• The relationship between childhood bullying victimization and future depressive symptoms.
• The impact of early intervention and prevention programs on reducing the risk of postpartum depression.
• Treating mood disorders and depression.
• How do hormonal changes during pregnancy contribute to the development of depression?
• The effects of sleep deprivation on the onset and severity of postpartum depression.
• The impact of social media on depression rates among teenagers.
• The role of genetics in the development of depression.
• The impact of bullying on adolescent depression rates.
• Mental illness, depression, and wellness issues.
• The effects of a sedentary lifestyle on depression symptoms.
• The correlation between academic pressure and depression in students.
• The relationship between perfectionism and depression.
• The correlation between trauma and depression in military veterans.
• Anxiety and depression during childhood and adolescence.
• The impact of racial discrimination on depression rates among minorities.
• The relationship between chronic pain and depression.
• The impact of social comparison on depression rates among young adults.
• The effects of childhood abuse on adult depression rates.

Depression Argumentative Essay Topics

• The role of social media in contributing to depression among teenagers.
• The effectiveness of antidepressant medication: an ongoing debate.
• Depression treatment: therapy or medications?
• Should depression screening be mandatory in schools and colleges?
• Is there a genetic predisposition to depression?
• The stigma surrounding depression: addressing misconceptions and promoting understanding.
• Implementation of depression screening in primary care .
• Is psychotherapy more effective than medication in treating depression?
• Is teenage depression overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed: a critical analysis.
• The connection between depression and substance abuse: untangling the relationship.
• Humanistic therapy of depression .
• Should ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) be a treatment option for severe depression?
• Where is depression more prevalent: in urban or rural communities? Analyzing the disparities.
• Is depression a result of chemical imbalance in the brain? Debunking the myth.
• Depression: a serious mental and behavioral problem.
• Should depression medication be prescribed for children and adolescents?
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in managing depression.
• Should depression in the elderly be considered a normal part of aging?
• Is depression hereditary? Investigating the role of genetics in depression risk.
• Different types of training in managing the symptoms of depression.
• The effectiveness of online therapy platforms in treating depression.
• Should psychedelic therapy be explored as an alternative treatment for depression?
• The connection between depression and cardiovascular health: Is there a link?
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in preventing depression relapse.
• Depression as a bad a clinical condition.
• Should mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga, meditation) be integrated into depression treatment?
• Should emotional support animals be prescribed for individuals with depression?
• The effectiveness of peer support groups in decreasing depression symptoms.
• The use of antidepressants: are they overprescribed or necessary for treating depression?
• Adult depression and anxiety as a complex problem.
• The effectiveness of therapy versus medication in treating depression.
• The stigma surrounding depression and mental illness: how can we reduce it?
• The debate over the legalization of psychedelic drugs for treating depression.
• The relationship between creativity and depression: does one cause the other?
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and depression.
• The role of childhood trauma in shaping adult depression: Is it always a causal factor?
• The debate over the medicalization of sadness and grief as forms of depression.
• Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or meditation, are effective in treating depression.
• Depression as a widespread mental condition.

Controversial Topics about Depression

• The existence of “chemical imbalance” in depression: fact or fiction?
• The over-reliance on medication in treating depression: are alternatives neglected?
• Is depression overdiagnosed and overmedicated in Western society?
• Measurement of an individual’s level of depression.
• The role of Big Pharma in shaping the narrative and treatment of depression.
• Should antidepressant advertisements be banned?
• The inadequacy of current diagnostic criteria for depression: rethinking the DSM-5.
• Is depression a biological illness or a product of societal factors?
• Literature review on depression .
• The overemphasis on biological factors in depression treatment: ignoring environmental factors.
• Is depression a normal reaction to an abnormal society?
• The influence of cultural norms on the perception and treatment of depression.
• Should children and adolescents be routinely prescribed antidepressants?
• The role of family in depression treatment.
• The connection between depression and creative genius: does depression enhance artistic abilities?
• The ethics of using placebo treatment for depression studies.
• The impact of social and economic inequalities on depression rates.
• Is depression primarily a mental health issue or a social justice issue?
• Depression disassembling and treating.
• Should depression screening be mandatory in the workplace?
• The influence of gender bias in the diagnosis and treatment of depression.
• The controversial role of religion and spirituality in managing depression.
• Is depression a result of individual weakness or societal factors?
• Abnormal psychology: anxiety and depression case .
• The link between depression and obesity: examining the bidirectional relationship.
• The connection between depression and academic performance: causation or correlation?
• Should depression medication be available over the counter?
• The impact of internet and social media use on depression rates: harmful or beneficial?
• Interacting in the workplace: depression.
• Is depression a modern epidemic or simply better diagnosed and identified?
• The ethical considerations of using animals in depression research.
• The effectiveness of psychedelic therapies for treatment-resistant depression.
• Is depression a disability? The debate on workplace accommodations.
• Polysubstance abuse among adolescent males with depression.
• The link between depression and intimate partner violence : exploring the relationship.
• The controversy surrounding “happy” pills and the pursuit of happiness.
• Is depression a choice? Examining the role of personal responsibility.

Good Titles for Depression Essays

• The poetic depictions of depression: exploring its representation in literature.
• The melancholic symphony: the influence of depression on classical music.
• Moderate depression symptoms and treatment.
• Depression in modern music: analyzing its themes and expressions.
• Cultural perspectives on depression: a comparative analysis of attitudes in different countries.
• Contrasting cultural views on depression in Eastern and Western societies.
• Diagnosing depression in the older population.
• The influence of social media on attitudes and perceptions of depression in global contexts.
• Countries with progressive approaches to mental health awareness.
• From taboo to acceptance: the evolution of attitudes towards depression.
• Depression screening tool in acute settings.
• The Bell Jar : analyzing Sylvia Plath’s iconic tale of depression .
• The art of despair: examining Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits as a window into depression.
• The Catcher in the Rye : Holden Caulfield’s battle with adolescent depression.
• Music as therapy: how jazz artists turned depression into art.
• Depression screening tool for a primary care center.
• The Nordic paradox: high depression rates in Scandinavian countries despite high-quality healthcare.
• The Stoic East: how Eastern philosophies approach and manage depression.
• From solitude to solidarity: collective approaches to depression in collectivist cultures.
• The portrayal of depression in popular culture: a critical analysis of movies and TV shows.
• The depression screening training in primary care.
• The impact of social media influencers on depression rates among young adults.
• The role of music in coping with depression: can specific genres or songs help alleviate depressive symptoms?
• The representation of depression in literature: a comparative analysis of classic and contemporary works.
• The use of art as a form of self-expression and therapy for individuals with depression.
• Depression management guidelines implementation.
• The role of religion in coping with depression: Christian and Buddhist practices.
• The representation of depression in the video game Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice .
• The role of nature in coping with depression: can spending time outdoors help alleviate depressive symptoms?
• The effectiveness of dance/movement therapy in treating depression among older adults.
• The National Institute for Health: depression management.
• The portrayal of depression in stand-up comedy: a study of comedians like Maria Bamford and Chris Gethard.
• The role of spirituality in coping with depression: Islamic and Hindu practices .
• The portrayal of depression in animated movies : an analysis of Inside Out and The Lion King .
• The representation of depression by fashion designers like Alexander McQueen and Rick Owens.
• Depression screening in primary care .
• The portrayal of depression in documentaries: an analysis of films like The Bridge and Happy Valley .
• The effectiveness of wilderness therapy in treating depression among adolescents.
• The connection between creativity and depression: how art can help heal.
• The role of Buddhist and Taoist practices in coping with depression.
• Mild depression treatment research funding sources.
• The portrayal of depression in podcasts: an analysis of the show The Hilarious World of Depression .
• The effectiveness of drama therapy in treating depression among children and adolescents.
• The representation of depression in the works of Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch.
• Depression in young people: articles review.
• The impact of social media on political polarization and its relationship with depression.
• The role of humor in coping with depression: a study of comedians like Ellen DeGeneres.
• The portrayal of depression in webcomics: an analysis of the comics Hyperbole and a Half .
• The effect of social media on mental health stigma and its relationship with depression.
• Depression and the impact of human services workers.
• The masked faces: hiding depression in highly individualistic societies.

💭 Depression Speech Topics

Informative speech topics about depression.

• Different types of depression and their symptoms.
• The causes of depression: biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
• How depression and physical issues are connected.
• The prevalence of depression in different age groups and demographics.
• The link between depression and anxiety disorders.
• Physical health: The effects of untreated depression.
• The role of genetics in predisposing individuals to depression.
• What you need to know about depression.
• How necessary is early intervention in treating depression?
• The effectiveness of medication in treating depression.
• The role of exercise in managing depressive symptoms.
• Depression in later life: overview.
• The relationship between substance abuse and depression.
• The impact of trauma on depression rates and treatment.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness meditation in managing depressive symptoms.
• Enzymes conversion and metabolites in major depression.
• The benefits and drawbacks of electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression.
• The effect of gender and cultural norms on depression rates and treatment.
• The effectiveness of alternative therapies for depression, such as acupuncture and herbal remedies.
• The importance of self-care in managing depression.
• Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation.
• The role of support systems in managing depression.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression.
• The benefits and drawbacks of online therapy for depression.
• The role of spirituality in managing depression.
• Depression among minority groups.
• The benefits and drawbacks of residential treatment for severe depression.
• What is the relationship between childhood trauma and adult depression?
• How effective is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treatment-resistant depression?
• The benefits and drawbacks of art therapy for depression.
• Mood disorder: depression and bipolar.
• The impact of social media on depression rates.
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in treating depression.
• Depression in older people.
• The impact of seasonal changes on depression rates and treatment options.
• The impact of depression on daily life and relationships, and strategies for coping with the condition.
• The stigma around depression and the importance of seeking help.

Persuasive Speech Topics about Depression

• How important is it to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression ?
• How do you support a loved one who is struggling with depression?
• The importance of mental health education in schools to prevent and manage depression.
• Social media: the rise of depression and anxiety .
• Is there a need to increase funding for mental health research to develop better treatments for depression?
• Addressing depression in minority communities: overcoming barriers and disparities.
• The benefits of including alternative therapies, such as yoga and meditation, in depression treatment plans.
• Challenging media portrayals of depression: promoting accurate representations.
• Two sides of depression disease.
• How social media affects mental health: the need for responsible use to prevent depression.
• The importance of early intervention: addressing depression in schools and colleges.
• The benefits of seeking professional help for depression.
• There is a need for better access to mental health care, including therapy and medication, for those suffering from depression.
• Depression in adolescents and suitable interventions.
• How do you manage depression while in college or university?
• The role of family and friends in supporting loved ones with depression and encouraging them to seek help.
• The benefits of mindfulness and meditation for depression.
• The link between sleep and depression, and how to improve sleep habits.
• How do you manage depression while working a high-stress job?
• Approaches to treating depression.
• How do you manage depression during pregnancy and postpartum?
• The importance of prioritizing employee mental health and providing resources for managing depression in the workplace.
• How should you manage depression while caring for a loved one with a chronic illness?
• How to manage depression while dealing with infertility or pregnancy loss.
• Andrew Solomon: why we can’t talk about depression.
• Destigmatizing depression: promoting mental health awareness and understanding.
• Raising funds for depression research: investing in mental health advances.
• The power of peer support: establishing peer-led programs for depression.
• Accessible mental health services: ensuring treatment for all affected by depression.
• Evidence-based screening for depression in acute care.
• The benefits of journaling for mental health: putting your thoughts on paper to heal.
• The power of positivity: changing your mindset to fight depression .
• The healing power of gratitude in fighting depression.
• The connection between diet and depression: eating well can improve your mood.
• Teen depression and suicide in Soto’s The Afterlife .
• The benefits of therapy for depression: finding professional help to heal.
• The importance of setting realistic expectations when living with depression.

📝 How to Write about Depression: Essay Structure

We’ve prepared some tips and examples to help you structure your essay and communicate your ideas.

Essay about Depression: Introduction

An introduction is the first paragraph of an essay. It plays a crucial role in engaging the reader, offering the context, and presenting the central theme.

A good introduction typically consists of 3 components:

• Hook. The hook captures readers’ attention and encourages them to continue reading.
• Background information. Background information provides context for the essay.
• Thesis statement. A thesis statement expresses the essay’s primary idea or central argument.

Hook : Depression is a widespread mental illness affecting millions worldwide.

Background information : Depression affects your emotions, thoughts, and behavior. If you suffer from depression, engaging in everyday tasks might become arduous, and life may appear devoid of purpose or joy.

Depression Essay Thesis Statement

A good thesis statement serves as an essay’s road map. It expresses the author’s point of view on the issue in 1 or 2 sentences and presents the main argument.

Thesis statement : The stigma surrounding depression and other mental health conditions can discourage people from seeking help, only worsening their symptoms.

Essays on Depression: Body Paragraphs

The main body of the essay is where you present your arguments. An essay paragraph includes the following:

• a topic sentence,
• evidence to back up your claim,
• explanation of why the point is essential to the argument;
• a link to the next paragraph.

Topic sentence : Depression is a complex disorder that requires a personalized treatment approach, comprising both medication and therapy.

Evidence : Medication can be prescribed by a healthcare provider or a psychiatrist to relieve the symptoms. Additionally, practical strategies for managing depression encompass building a support system, setting achievable goals, and practicing self-care.

Depression Essay: Conclusion

The conclusion is the last part of your essay. It helps you leave a favorable impression on the reader.

The perfect conclusion includes 3 elements:

• Rephrased thesis statement.
• Summary of the main points.
• Final opinion on the topic.

Rephrased thesis: In conclusion, overcoming depression is challenging because it involves a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that affect an individual’s mental well-being.

Summary: Untreated depression heightens the risk of engaging in harmful behaviors such as substance abuse and can also result in negative thought patterns, diminished self-esteem, and distorted perceptions of reality.

We hope you’ve found our article helpful and learned some new information. If so, feel free to share it with your friends. You can also try our free online topic generator !

• Pain, anxiety, and depression – Harvard Health | Harvard Health Publishing
• Depression-related increases and decreases in appetite reveal dissociable patterns of aberrant activity in reward and interoceptive neurocircuitry – PMC | National Library of Medicine
• How to Get Treatment for Postpartum Depression – The New York Times
• What Is Background Information and What Purpose Does It Serve? | Indeed.com
• Thesis | Harvard College Writing Center
• Topic Sentences: How Do You Write a Great One? | Grammarly Blog

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