essay on the success story of chandrayaan 3

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Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English for School Students

Essay on chandrayaan 3 for school students: check here 100, 200 words essay on india's latest moon mission chandrayaan 3. students can also use this as a short speech for school assemblies or speech competitions. they, can also check the latest chandrayaan 3 updates to easily edit elements and elongate their essay as per their requirement..

Chandrayaan 3 Essay and Short Speech in English for School Students: Chandrayaan 3 was a gigantic success for India and now its Pragyaan rover has gone to sleep. To commemorate Chandrayaan 3 triumph and the soft landing of Vikram lander on the moon, National Space Day will be celebrated on August 23 every year as announced by PM Modi. Every Indian is proud of the soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon! In the latest update by ISRO, the propulsion module of Chandrayaan 3 has been brought back into the Earth's orbit.

As per ISRO's other update, t he Rover had completed its assignments and was parked and set into Sleep mode. The Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyaan had ramped down from the Lander a while after its landing on August 23rd. Pragyan rover was continuously walking on the moon and sending various details to the ISRO centre.

Related:  Chandrayaan 3: Will Pragyan Rover Wake Up Again? ALL You Need To Know 

In the vast space of our universe, where mythology and science come together so often, Chandrayaan-3 shines brightly as a symbol of India’s astral hope and exploration. It shows India's strong determination to uncover the moon's mysteries. With careful planning and robust designs, Chandrayaan-3 has gotten us closer to landing on the moon and discovering its hidden secrets. In this article, we have provided an essay on Chandrayaan in about 100 and 200 words. Students can easily refer to this essay and come up with their own modifications and tweaks in the essay body. 

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English

Chandrayaan-3: india's latest lunar mission.

Chandrayaan 3 Details

Latest Updates and Information About Chandrayaan 3

• January 22, 2024

NASA Spacecraft Pings India’s Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon:

• September 22, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue. — ISRO (@isro) September 22, 2023

• September 5, 2023

. @NASA 's LRO spacecraft recently imaged the Chandrayaan-3 lander on the Moon’s surface. The ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) Chandrayaan-3 touched down on Aug. 23, 2023, about 600 kilometers from the Moon’s South Pole. MORE >> https://t.co/phmOblRlGO pic.twitter.com/CyhFrnvTjT — NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) September 5, 2023

• September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The Rover completed its assignments. It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS and LIBS payloads are turned off. Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander. Currently, the battery is fully charged. The solar panel is… — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: In-situ scientific experiments continue ..... Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) instrument onboard the Rover unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur (S) in the lunar surface near the south pole, through first-ever in-situ measurements.… pic.twitter.com/vDQmByWcSL — ISRO (@isro) August 29, 2023

• August 26, 2023: National Space Day on August 23rd, Announced by PM Modi to mark the success of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon.
• Chandrayaan 3 touchdown point on the moon will now be known as Shivshakti.
• Chandrayaan 2 touchdown point on the moon's surface will now be known as Tiranga Point.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Here are the first observations from the ChaSTE payload onboard Vikram Lander. ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measures the temperature profile of the lunar topsoil around the pole, to understand the thermal behaviour of the moon's… pic.twitter.com/VZ1cjWHTnd — ISRO (@isro) August 27, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: All planned Rover movements have been verified. The Rover has successfully traversed a distance of about 8 meters. Rover payloads LIBS and APXS are turned ON. All payloads on the propulsion module, lander module, and rover are performing nominally.… — ISRO (@isro) August 25, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Chandrayaan-3 ROVER: Made in India 🇮🇳 Made for the MOON🌖! The Ch-3 Rover ramped down from the Lander and India took a walk on the moon ! More updates soon. #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 24, 2023

• August 23, 2023: India's lunar mission Chandrayaan 3 has successfully landed on the south pole of the moon.
• August 20, 2023: The Lander Module is in 25 km x 134 km orbit. Powered descent is expected to commence on August 23, 2023, around 1745 Hrs. IST
• August 19, 2023: The Lander Module is in 113 km x 157 km orbit around the moon. Second de-boosting is planned for August 20, 2023
• August 17, 2023: Lander Module is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module. Deboosting planned for August 18, 2023
• August 16, 2023: The spacecraft is in an orbit of 153 km x 163 km after the firing on August 16, 2023
• August 14, 2023: The mission is in the orbit circularisation phase. The spacecraft is in 151 km x 179 km orbit
• August 09, 2023: Chandrayaan-3's orbit is reduced to 174 km x 1437 km following a manoeuvre performed on August 9, 2023
• July 06, 2023: The launch is scheduled for July 14, 2023, at 14:35 Hrs. IST from the Second Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota

Chandrayaan History - Chandrayaan 1, 2 and 3

Is Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on moon?

Yes, Chandrayaan 3 has successfully made a successful landing on the Southern pole of the Moon.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 'India🇮🇳, I reached my destination and you too!' : Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. Congratulations, India🇮🇳! #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 23, 2023

Chandrayaan 3 Photos and Videos

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 🔍What's new here? Pragyan rover roams around Shiv Shakti Point in pursuit of lunar secrets at the South Pole 🌗! pic.twitter.com/1g5gQsgrjM — ISRO (@isro) August 26, 2023

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• School Education /

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 🧑‍🚀: Timeline, Successful Landing

• Updated on  
• Mar 15, 2024

To mark the successful landing of the Chandryaan-3 on the lunar surface, the Indian Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi , announced that 23rd August will be annually celebrated as National Space Day.

This article will cover some samples of essay on Chandryaan-3. Chandrayaan-3 was the first Indian spacecraft to successfully land on the south pole of the lunar surface. It was launched on 14th July 2023 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from its Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)-SHAR in Sriharikota , Andhra Pradesh. On 23rd August at 18:03 IST, the lander ‘ Vikram ‘ touched down on the lunar south pole. This showed India’s capability of safely landing on the lunar surface, thus making it the first country to step on a lunar-south pole through Chandrayaan 3 .

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English 150 Words
• 3 Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in 200 Words
• 4 Timeline of Chandryaan 3
• 5.1 Points about Chandrayaan-3

Also Read: Essay on Peer Pressure: 100, 200 and 450 Word Samples in English

Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in 100 Words

The first lunar exploration mission in the history of ISRO was Chandrayan. It was launched in the year 2008 and since then 2 more follow missions have been launched under this program. 

The second follow-up mission was launched in 2019 and followed by a third follow-up mission in 2023. The success of Chandrayaan 3 has marked the country in different records such as the first country to land on the moon’s south pole and the most cost-effective execution. 

It was launched on July 14, 2023, from Sriharikota’s SDSC SHAR and landed successfully on 23rd August 2023. The mission will be carried down for 14 Earth days i.e. the Rover on the ladder will roam around the moon and study its surface for 14 days. This successful attempt has made India very sure of further development and planned missions for the Moon.

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English 150 Words

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s ambitious space mission which has made India proud. It was a successful space mission aimed to conduct a soft landing at the lunar south pole of the moon through the Vikram Lander. The spacecraft is also equipped with a Rover Pragyan consisting of payloads to study the moon’s surface. Apart from this, there were 9 sensors in the Lander.

Talking about the Payloads, there were 4 payloads in the lander namely ChaSTE, ILSA, RAMBHA, and LRA. 2 Rover payloads were APXS and LIBS. The propulsion module also contains a payload i.e. SHAPE. These payloads are designed to study the moon’s surface.

Chandrayaan-3 was active for 14 Earth days in the presence of the sun. After which, the Lander and the Rover were kept to sleep on 2 September because they could not function in the absence of sunlight. Later, efforts were made to wake Lander and Rover when the sunlight hit the moon’s surface. But ISRO revealed that there were no signals from the Lander and Rover.

Despite this, the project was a successful one and it has marked the name of India in Golden words in the history of Space.

Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has named the landing spot of Chandrayaan-3 as Shiv Shakti Point.

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in 200 Words

Chandrayaan-3 is the most successful follow-up mission in the history of Indian space missions. It was followed by the successful Chandrayaan 1 and partly successful Chandrayaan 2. It has made a successful soft landing on the lunar surface and made India the fourth country to land on the lunar surface. 

It also marked India as the first country to land on the Moon’s south pole. It examined the presence of water and also gathered some valuable scientific information and data about its mineral composition and its geology. 

One of the main objections to this lunar mission was to make a soft landing. The Rover ‘Pragyan” will roam on the lunar surface for 1 Lunar day (Around 14 Earth Days). 

The cost of Chandrayaan 3 is much less than the previous attempt which is around INR 615 Crores making it the most cost-effective lunar mission. 

Timeline of Chandryaan 3

On 7th September 2019, ISRO’s Chandryaan 2 crashed while attempting a soft landing on the lunar surface. Since then, the Indian Space Research Organisation decided to build a successor to the Chandrayaan 2.

• 06 July 2023 – Chandryaan 3 is scheduled to launch on July 14, 2023, at 14:35 Hrs. IST from the Second Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota.
• 07 July 2023 – Vehicle electrical tests completed. 
• 11 July 2023 – The ‘Launch Rehearsal’ simulation the launch preparation and process lasting 24 hours was concluded.
• 14 July 2023 – LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched Chandrayaan-3 into orbit. Chandrayaan-3, in its precise orbit, started its journey to the Moon.
• 15 July 2023 – The first orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed at ISTRAC/ISRO, Bengaluru. The spacecraft was in 41762 km x 173 km orbit.
• 17 July 2023 – The second orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed. The spacecraft was in 41603 km x 226 km orbit.
• 25 July 2023 – The last orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed.
• 01 August 2023 – The spacecraft entered the translunar orbit.
• 05 August 2023 – Chandrayaan-3 was successfully inserted into the lunar orbit.
• 14 August 2023 – The mission was in the orbit circularisation phase. 
• 17 August 2023 – The Lander Module was successfully separated from the Propulsion Module.
• 23 August 2023 – Chandrayaan-3 successfully reached its destination Chandrayaan-3 completed soft-landed on the moon. Congratulations, India!

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Vikram Lander is set into sleep mode around 08:00 Hrs. IST today. Prior to that, in-situ experiments by ChaSTE, RAMBHA-LP and ILSA payloads are performed at the new location. The data collected is received at the Earth. Payloads are now switched off.… pic.twitter.com/vwOWLcbm6P — ISRO (@isro) September 4, 2023

To improve your essay writing skills, here are the top 200+ English Essay Topics for school students.

Chandrayaan-3's triumph mirrors the aspirations and capabilities of 140 crore Indians. To new horizons and beyond! Proud moment for 🇮🇳. https://t.co/4oi6w7TCGG — Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) August 23, 2023

Read More About Chandryaan 3

About Chandrayaan Project

The Chandrayaan Project is one of the most successful projects in the history of India’s space agency. It was launched by ISRO for the exploration of the lunar surface. 

The first mission i.e. Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008. It was a successful mission and was inserted into the lunar orbit on 8th November 2008. It marked a new success for the country and India became the fifth country in world history to reach the lunar surface. The cost of this mission was around 386 crores a lot less than any other space agency. The most prominent discovery of this mission was the presence of water molecules in the lunar south pole. It stopped communication with the base on 28 August 2009 and was declared over.

Chandrayaan-2 was followed by a second mission that was launched on 22 July 2019. It was successfully inserted into the lunar orbit on 20 August 2019 but failed to make a soft landing on the lunar surface on 6th September 2019 just 2.1 km away from the surface. However, it was declared partly successful because the orbiter was still functional for around 7.5 years.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The Rover completed its assignments. It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS and LIBS payloads are turned off. Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander. Currently, the battery is fully charged. The solar panel is… — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023

Points about Chandrayaan-3

Another successful lunar landing attempt was made recently in the year 2023 and was launched on 14 July 2023. It completed its landing and the lander “Vikram Lander” and Rover “Pragyan” landed on the lunar south pole on 23rd August 2023. 

The main aim of this mission is the same as the Chandrayaan 2 to study the atmosphere of the moon and also explore its mineral composition. It will also further explore the presence of water in the lunar surface. The cost of this follow-up mission is around INR 615 crores making it one of the most cost-effective lunar missions.

Read all of our other popular essays

The first mission of Chandrayaan i.e. Chandrayaan 1 was launched in 2008. It was followed by Chandrayaan 2 and Chandrayaan-3 in 2019 and 2023 respectively. The latest version of Chandrayaan was a successful attempt to make India the first country to land safely on the Moon’s South Pole region.

The successful attempt of Chandrayaan 3 made India the first country to land on the moon in its south pole region. 

The cost of Chandrayaan 3 is approximately 615 crores ($75 million). It is the most affordable and successful mission to land on moon in the history. 

Chandrayaan-3 was a successful mission by the Indian Space Research Organization. It has demonstrated a soft landing on the unexplored lunar south pole of the moon and conducted in-situ research. It was launched on 14 July 2023 and landed on 23 August 2023.

Hence, we hope that this blog has assisted you in comprehending what an essay on Chandrayaan 3 must include. For more information on such interesting topics, visit our  essay writing  page and follow  Leverage Edu .

Simran Popli

An avid writer and a creative person. With an experience of 1.5 years content writing, Simran has worked with different areas. From medical to working in a marketing agency with different clients to Ed-tech company, the journey has been diverse. Creative, vivacious and patient are the words that describe her personality.

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August 23, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Makes Historic Touchdown on the Moon

The successful lunar landing of the Chandrayaan-3 mission makes India only the fourth country to achieve the feat

By Jatan Mehta

Onlookers wave Indian flags while watching the launch of the nation’s Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission.

R.SATISH BABU/AFP via Getty Images

BENGALURU, India—Quiet moments of nail-biting tension gave way to cheers of joy in the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) mission control center as the space agency sent its lunar lander—and India—into the annals of history. On August 23 at 12:33 P.M. UTC India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission’s robotic lander, named Vikram, touched down on the moon near its south pole. Launched on July 14, Chandrayaan-3 was the result of ISRO doubling down on its bet on lunar landing after the unfortunate crash of its Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019. With the spacecraft now safely on the moon, ISRO’s efforts have paid off, and India has become the fourth country to achieve a soft lunar landing, following the former Soviet Union, the U.S. and China.

Chandrayaan-3’s entire lunar descent had to be fully autonomous. During this crucial stage of the mission, signals take about three seconds to go from the lander to Earth and back again—a delay too long for earthbound ISRO engineers to reliably guide the landing. So Vikram’s task was to reduce its high orbital velocity to zero such that it would stay as close to its intended trajectory as possible, all the way until a safe touchdown. To do so, it needed to orchestrate the firing of its engines based on continuous measurements of distance, velocity and orientation.

To stick the landing this time around, ISRO built far more redundancies and safeguards into Chandrayaan-3 than it had for Chandrayaan-2. In an August 5 talk detailing these changes, ISRO’s chief S. Somanath emphasized how Chandrayaan-3 carried more fuel and a better guidance, navigation and control system to correct even major deviations from the intended paths. “There were improvements to 21 subsystems for Chandrayaan-3. These changes have been reinforced by numerous helicopter- and crane-based ground tests,” says Nilesh Desai , director of ISRO’s Space Applications Center (SAC) in Ahmedabad, India.

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Evidently, these improvements have culminated in the triumphant touchdown of Chandrayaan-3. This success wasn’t a given, especially when considering that four out of the previous six lunar landing attempts within the past five years have failed. The latest failure occurred on August 19, when Russia’s Luna-25 spacecraft misfired its engines and crashed into the moon —a brutal reminder that getting to the lunar surface in one piece remains risky. Luna-25 thus joins the ruins of the Israel-based company SpaceIL’s Beresheet , India’s Chandrayaan-2 and the private Japanese firm ispace’s Hakuto-R spacecraft. Thankfully, at least Chandrayaan-3’s outcome has instead followed those of China’s Chang’e 4 and Chang’e 5 landers, the only other recent successes.

“We now have a tremendous responsibility to inspire India and the world at levels no less than this landing,” said Sankaran Muthusamy, director of the U. R. Rao Satellite Center (URSC), the ISRO center that led the construction and integration of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft and mission.

How Chandrayaan-3 Made It to the Moon

Chandrayaan-3’s about 19-minute-long lunar descent comprised four major phases. The first, the “rough braking” phase, began when the spacecraft was 30 kilometers above the moon in its orbit and about 750 km downrange from its landing site. By firing all of its four 800-newton main engines for about 12 minutes until it was at a 7-km altitude, Chandrayaan-3 reduced its high horizontal velocity of about 1.7 kilometers per second by some 80 percent.

Next came a brief but crucial 10-second “attitude hold” phase, wherein the lander stabilized itself using its eight smaller thrusters to gain a steady view of the looming lunar surface for its various landing sensors .

For height measurements, Chandrayaan-3 relied on two altimeters, one using lasers and the other using microwaves. While laser altimeters are commonly employed by several lunar landers, they can report anomalous heights at times if, say, a lander passes over mountainous terrain or large craters. “Instead the microwave altimeter’s wider footprint allowed Chandrayaan-3 to better tolerate abrupt changes in altitude,” explains Priyanka Mehrotra of SAC, who is lead system designer of Chandrayaan-3’s Ka-Band microwave altimeter.

Where Past Landings Faltered

Chandrayaan-3’s redundant altimetry is especially pertinent because of the role laser altimetry played during the failed April 25 touchdown of ispace’s first lunar lander . As that lander passed over the rim of the Atlas Crater to approach the target landing site that lay within, its laser altimeter correctly reported an increased elevation of roughly 3 km, corresponding to the crater’s depth. But onboard software designed to filter out certain abrupt values to keep the ispace lander’s motion stable rejected the measurement as erroneous. The Japanese lander, thinking it was closer to the surface than it really was, continued decelerating slowly until it ran out of fuel and fell to a ruinous crash landing.

It was during the attitude hold phase that Chandrayaan-2 faltered. Its engines provided a slightly greater thrust than expected because of an inadequately functioning thrust control valve, which accumulated navigation errors over time. ISRO had designed the onboard computer to correct such “off-nominal” paths only after the attitude hold phase ended. But the deviation quickly grew to be so large that the lander couldn’t correct it in time despite its ability to throttle its thrust.

In response, ISRO ensured that Chandrayaan-3 could determine and correct such deviations from its intended trajectory far faster than its failed predecessor. Chandrayaan-3’s lander also used a new instrument called a laser doppler velocimeter (LDV) to navigate more precisely in the first place. “While there are other ways for a lunar lander to measure its velocity, an LDV provides a direct measurement of velocity with respect to the ground, which allows a lander to greatly reduce accumulation of navigation errors,” says William Coogan , lunar lander chief engineer at Firefly Aerospace, a private company that has partnered with NASA via the space agency’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program to deliver science and technology payloads to the moon in 2024 and 2026 ,.

A Fine Hover or Two

After its fraught attitude hold phase, Chandrayaan-3 entered a three-minute “fine braking” phase in which it used only two of its four main engines to descend up to roughly 850 meters above the moon’s surface and briefly hover there. This pause gave the lander a chance to capture pictures of the surface and compare them to preloaded onboard satellite images to determine whether it was above its desired landing region.

“Chandrayaan-3’s target landing zone spans four by 2.5 kilometers. ISRO scientists and engineers divided it into 3,900 equal-sized subsections, meticulously assessed the safety level of each for a landing and loaded it into the lander as reference information,” Desai says. At this point, Chandrayaan-3 must have taken one of these two decisions: If it found itself above this predetermined landing zone, the onboard computer would have identified the safest feasible subsection area, then accordingly proceeded toward touchdown. If Chandrayaan 3 found itself elsewhere, it would have proceeded with an autonomous landing based on self-identified hazards from its imagery instead of the preprogrammed subsection-based landing. Confirmation of which decision was taken will be known after ISRO determines the landing site.

In the final “terminal descent” phase, Chandrayaan-3 lowered itself to about 150 meters above the surface and then hovered again for about half a minute to assess the area below for landing hazards. At this point, since the surface right below the lander didn’t look safe, the lander sought a safer adjacent area and deviated to touchdown there.

“The processing system for hazard avoidance was sped up for Chandrayaan-3 to make the lander’s decision-making during the critical final phases significantly faster than Chandrayaan-2,” says Rinku Agrawal of SAC, who led the team that developed the processing unit of the hazard detection and avoidance system.

“Hazard detection and avoidance allows for a critical divert maneuver if needed during the final moments to ensure a safe touchdown,” says Ander Solorzano , flight director of aerospace company Astrobotic Technology’s first moon landing mission, which will carry NASA CLPS and international payloads.

Finally, on touchdown, sensors on the lander’s legs triggered the shutdown of its main engines. Chandrayaan-3 now stands tall on the moon.

ISRO designed the lander’s legs to absorb most of the mechanical shock from the touchdown. The agency tested the legs on lunar simulant test beds on Earth to ensure that the lander could tolerate a high vertical velocity of three meters per second—and even a horizontal velocity of one meter per second if it were to touch down askew.

“The touchdown was smooth; the vertical velocity was notably less than even the nominal upper bound of 2 meters per second,” said ISRO chief S. Somanath in a post-landing press event.

Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole shortly after local sunrise. Doing so maximizes the mission’s surface operations lifetime to an entire period of lunar daylight (14 Earth days) because the lander and the rover it will deploy are both solar-powered. To begin Chandrayaan-3’s surface science mission , Vikram will activate its four onboard instruments and deploy the rover via a ramp to start exploring the geologically rich landing region .

India’s Next Moonshot

Chandrayaan-3 feeds into the global frenzy of sending hardware to the moon, particularly to its south pole. The U.S.’s upcoming Artemis crewed missions, China’s Chang’e robotic craft and the majority of other governmental as well as private endeavors (such as those under NASA’s CLPS program) plan to explore this valuable lunar region. They eventually aim to extract its water ice and other resources to sustain long-duration missions and perhaps even to commercialize aspects of such operations.

It was thus quite the timing when, on June 21, India signed the Artemis Accords , a U.S.-led framework for cooperative lunar exploration. As a signatory, India can now accelerate its lunar endeavors by better collaborating with the U.S. and other signatory nations. Astrobotic CEO John Thornton says, “I’m encouraged by India’s signing of the accords. It’s certainly a signal for extended partnerships and co-developments between the two countries. The more we can do that as a species, the better chance we have of succeeding together.”

For its next moon mission—targeting launch before the end of this decade—India may partner with Japan, another Artemis Accords participant. The pair’s planned LUPEX rover would directly study the nature, abundance and accessibility of water ice on the moon’s south pole and could provide vital data for future crewed missions launched there as part of NASA’s Artemis program. “LUPEX requires a more precise touchdown with a much bigger lander. Chandrayaan-3’s success will act as a stepping stone toward India building LUPEX’s lander and thus playing a key role in the future exploration of our moon,” says S. Megala, deputy director of ISRO’s lunar science and exploration program.

First, however, India’s government must formally approve the nation’s involvement. (Japan has already given the green light for its own contribution.) And in the meantime, Japan will launch another lunar mission of its own: the nation’s Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) is slated for liftoff on August 26, with a goal of lunar touchdown later this year to demonstrate new technologies for precise and affordable moon landings amid complex terrain.

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‘India Is on the Moon’: Lander’s Success Moves Nation to Next Space Chapter

The Chandrayaan-3 mission makes India the first country to reach the lunar south polar region in one piece and adds to the achievements of the country’s homegrown space program.

By Hari Kumar ,  Alex Travelli ,  Mujib Mashal and Kenneth Chang

Hari Kumar and Alex Travelli reported from Bengaluru, India, near the Chandrayaan-3 mission control.

• Published Aug. 23, 2023 Updated Aug. 24, 2023

Two visitors from India — a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan — landed in the southern polar region of the moon on Wednesday. The two robots, from a mission named Chandrayaan-3, make India the first country to ever reach this part of the lunar surface in one piece — and only the fourth country ever to land on the moon.

“We have achieved soft landing on the moon,” S. Somanath, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, said after a roar ripped through the ISRO compound just past 6 p.m. local time. “India is on the moon.”

The Indian public already takes great pride in the accomplishments of the nation’s space program, which has orbited the moon and Mars and routinely launches satellites above the Earth with far fewer financial resources than other space-faring nations.

But the achievement of Chandrayaan-3 may be even sweeter, as it comes at a particularly important moment in the South Asian giant’s diplomatic push as an ambitious power on the rise.

India Successfully Lands Spacecraft on Moon’s Surface

The control room at the indian space research organization erupted in cheers when the chandrayaan-3 spacecraft landed on the southern polar region of the moon..

The altitude is being brought down from 800 meters. And we are nearing and approaching the lunar surface. He hung up a painting for the exact day. He the. People are applauding. From the Secretary department of space and chairman isro Somnath. I’m confident. That all countries in the world. Including those from the Global South. Are capable of achieving such feats. We can all aspire. Part of the moon and beyond.

Indian officials have been advocating in favor of a multipolar world order in which New Delhi is seen as indispensable to global solutions. In space exploration, as in many other fields, the message of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government has been clear: The world will be a fairer place if India takes on a leadership role, even as the world’s most populous nation works to meet its people’s basic needs.

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Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English for Children and Students

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3

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In the story of India’s scientific journeys, the Chandrayaan project stands out brightly, showing the nation’s skill and modern technology. As India keeps growing and showing its strengths in different areas, its work in space research stands tall. A big step in this area is the successful Chandrayaan-3 mission. The essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English tells about India’s exciting trip to the moon and how important it is for our country. It is also a way for the country to share its dream of doing more in space.

This Chandrayaan-3 essay is written in simple words for children and students. It helps them learn and understand this big achievement. Whether you’re studying for class, preparing for a school event, or just curious, this essay will take you on a trip to the moon, showing India’s amazing work in space.

Chandrayaan-3 is like a magical story from India about exploring the moon. For our lower elementary or primary young kids who love tales of stars and the moon, here’s a simple way to learn about it. These 10 lines on Chandrayaan-3 in English are short and easy, crafted especially for their eager little minds. Let’s start with the 10 lines about Chandrayaan-3 and discover this exciting lunar tale!

• Chandrayaan-3 is the ambitious third lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• It was launched on 14 July 2023 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
• This mission has 2 parts: a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan.
• The big goal of Chandrayaan-3 is to land safely on the South Pole, a special part of the Moon.
• The rover, Pragyan, will wander around the Moon, studying its surface and sending information back to us.
• One exciting thing it’s looking for is water ice on the Moon, as well as learning more about the Moon’s rocks and air.
• With Chandrayaan-3, India becomes one of the special countries that have sent a rover to the Moon.
• The whole mission cost about USD 77 million, which is quite a smart way of exploring space without spending too much.
• After the lessons from Chandrayaan-2, India was determined to make Chandrayaan-3 a big success.
• Chandrayaan-3 had a successful soft-landing on the Moon on 23rd August 2023, making it a special day for India!

For those curious about India’s space journey, here’s a simple paragraph on Chandrayaan-3 to enlighten you.

Chandrayaan 3 is one of ISRO’s most celebrated lunar missions. Launched in July 2023, it is the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. The mission has three main components: an orbiter, a lander called Vikram, and the Pragyan rover. One of its prime goals is to search for water ice on the Moon. Beyond its scientific pursuits, Chandrayaan-3 stands as a testament to India’s determination and capability in space exploration, especially after its experiences with Chandrayaan-2.

Eager to know about India’s lunar journey? Here’s a simple Chandrayaan 3 essay in English 100 words.

After the successes and challenges of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 embarked on India’s renewed attempt for lunar exploration. Launched on July 14, 2023, this mission reinforced India’s dedication to demonstrating technological prowess in space. Beyond the mere exploration, its state-of-the-art instruments were all set to investigate the lunar soil and provide pivotal data. As it successfully soft-landed on the South Pole of the Moon on August 23 2023, Chandrayaan-3 helped place India alongside global space giants like the US, Russia, and China. Beyond national pride, this mission signified India’s undying commitment to contributing significantly to the global space community’s advancements.

Interested in India’s journey to the moon? Read on in this short essay on Chandrayaan-3 for children and students in 200 words.

Chandrayaan-3, India’s progressive lunar mission, is a testament to the nation’s ambition in space exploration, succeeding its predecessors Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. Engineered by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) , Chandrayaan-3 had a coveted soft landing on the Moon’s cradle, with a rover in tow to conduct insightful experiments and glean indispensable data. The focal point of this mission orbited around delving into the Moon’s geology, mineralogy, and exosphere, thereby enriching our comprehension of its genesis and evolution.

Integral to Chandrayaan-3’s mission is its demonstration of a secure and soft lunar landing, emphasising the rover’s mobility and its capacity for on-site scientific investigations. Facilitating these objectives, the Lander harboured an array of avant-garde technologies, among which were velocimeters, laser and RF-based altimeters, and an intricate propulsion system. Rigorous tests, notably the Integrated Cold Test and Lander Leg Mechanism Performance Test, were meticulously undertaken to validate these pioneering technologies under Earth’s conditions.

This mission, Chandrayaan-3, symbolised India’s unwavering commitment to technological and scientific exploration, aspiring to cement its foothold in the elite space community. More than a testament to India’s capabilities, it’s a beacon, igniting the passions of the younger generation to chase dreams in STEM fields. It is a proud moment for Indian scientists and aspiring ones to bring in newer and better technologies that will transform the space game to another level.

Below is a perfect essay on Chandrayaan-3 for school students:

India continues to make giant strides in space exploration with its third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3. This ambitious venture was aimed at reinforcing India’s position as a significant player in global space endeavours.

The Chandrayaan Legacy “Chandrayaan” translates to “moon vehicle” in Hindi. The legacy began with Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar probe, which orbited the moon in 2008, marking India as the fourth nation to touch the moon’s vicinity. It was followed by Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, an ambitious mission with an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. Despite facing challenges with its landing phase, the orbiter continued to send valuable data back to Earth.

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission’s Architecture

Chandrayaan-3’s design builds on previous missions. Unlike Chandrayaan-2, it concentrates on the lander and rover, utilising the operational Chandrayaan-2 orbiter for efficient communication.

Chandrayaan-3: A New Hope Continuing the series, Chandrayaan-3 is seen as a beacon of hope and a symbol of India’s technological persistence. It is set to further India’s quest to understand the moon, especially the intriguing South Pole region. With an improved lander design and the Pragyan rover, Chandrayaan-3, unlike its predecessor, will not be accompanied by an orbiter. Instead, it will leverage the still-active orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 for communications.

Key Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 

ISRO has outlined three principal objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission:

• Soft and Safe Landing – The paramount objective is to achieve a gentle and secure touchdown on the moon’s terrain, underscoring India’s progress in space technology.
• Rover Operations – Once on the moon, the Pragyan rover is designed to traverse the challenging terrain, gathering invaluable data about the lunar surface.
• Scientific Exploration – Beyond the engineering feats, the mission will concentrate on scientific investigations of the Moon’s composition, including the study of soil, water, and other elements.

Scientist Behind Chandrayaan-3 

Several eminent scientists and engineers have been instrumental in the conception and realisation of Chandrayaan-3:

• S Somnath , ISRO Chairman
• P VeeraMuthuVel, Project Director of Chandrayaan-3
• S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
• A RajaRajan, Chairman of the Launch Authorization Board
• M Sankaran, Director of U R Rao Satellite Centre

Challenges of Chandrayaan-3

• Soft Landing – Achieving this on the rugged lunar South Pole was challenging.
• Rover Navigation – Ensuring the Pragyan rover’s efficient navigation was crucial.
• Space Environment Hazards – Conditions like space weather and micrometeoroid impacts had to be considered.
• Communication – Establishing robust communication using the older orbiter presented challenges.

Launch and Landing of Chandrayaan 3

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) celebrated a significant achievement with the successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 on 14 July 2023 at 2:35 PM from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This mission epitomises India’s advancements in space exploration, with the primary objective being to demonstrate a soft and safe landing on the lunar surface. The moment of the launch, at 2:35 PM on 14 July 2023, is now an iconic timestamp in India’s space exploration history. Essays chronicling Chandrayaan-3’s journey will undoubtedly highlight this monumental event.

After a month-long voyage through space, Chandrayaan-3 accomplished its monumental landing on the moon on 23 August 2023 at 18:04 Hrs. Those who witnessed it will recall the anticipation as the live telecast of the soft landing began at 17:20 hrs Indian Standard Time on the day. This successful landing solidifies India’s position as a formidable player in space technology and exploration and stands as another sterling achievement in the nation’s space odyssey.

India’s Place in Space Exploration

With the Chandrayaan series, India has unequivocally announced its place in space exploration. These missions demonstrate frugality without compromising on innovation and stand as testaments to India’s capabilities. Chandrayaan-3 is not just a mission; it’s a symbol of India’s aspirations and technical prowess and a step towards exploring the mysteries of the cosmos.

Discover the interesting information about Chandrayaan 3, showcasing India’s ambitious strides in the vast expanse of space. As you continue, these must-know facts about Chandrayaan 3 will surely captivate your interest, revealing the brilliance of India’s space journey.

• India’s Unique Imprint – Pragyan, Chandrayaan-3’s rover, will mark the lunar soil with India’s flag and the ISRO emblem, signifying presence on the untouched south pole.
• Low Budget – Costing ₹650 crores ($75 million), Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates India’s economic efficiency in space endeavors, standing in stark contrast to high-budget films and projects worldwide.
• South Pole Pioneer – Chandrayaan-3 has crowned India as the first nation to probe the Moon’s south pole and the fourth overall to achieve a lunar landing.
• Building on Previous Discoveries – Continuing Chandrayaan-1’s legacy, this mission aims to further explore frozen water deposits in the Moon’s colder regions.
• Lander & Rover Legacy – The mission includes a lander, “Vikram”, and a rover, “Pragyan”, named to honour stalwarts of India’s space journey, especially ISRO’s founder, Vikram Sarabhai.

Diving into the Chandrayaan-3 essay, your child will glean insights into India’s remarkable achievements in space exploration, understand the technological advancements and challenges faced, and cultivate a sense of pride in global scientific endeavours. This journey offers a blend of history, science, and inspiration.

Explore this section for Chandrayaan-3 details and the latest updates directly from the Moon.

December 5, 2023

• The Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module takes an alternate route.

September 22, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is currently conducting trials to restore communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.

September 5, 2023

• NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft has captured images of the Chandrayaan-3 lander situated on the lunar surface.

September 2, 2023

• The lander and rover go into sleep mode, expected to wake up around September 22, 2023.

August 31, 2023

• The Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) records ambient sounds and movements near the landing area, offering a new dimension of lunar exploration.
• The Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere – Lunar Plasma Probe (RAMBHA-LP) records measurements of the near-surface plasma content, enriching the mission’s scientific findings.

August 30, 2023

• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Ch-3 Rover reports the identification of trace elements on the Moon’s surface.

August 29, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announces the discovery of various elements near the South Pole of the Moon, including but not limited to Sulphur, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Chromium, Titanium, Manganese, Silicone, and Oxygen.

August 28, 2023

• Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur on the lunar surface through in-situ measurements.

August 27, 2023

• Initial data from the Charge Analysing System in the Time-Resolved Spectrometer (ChaSTE) payload aboard the Vikram Lander is successfully relayed back.

August 26, 2023

• The touchdown sites for both Chandrayaan 2 and 3 receive names from Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Chandrayaan 3’s site is now known as “Shivshakti,” while Chandrayaan 2’s site will be called “Tiranga Point.”

August 24, 2023

• Celebrating the phrase “Made in India. Made for the MOON,” the Ch-3 Rover successfully dismounts from the Vikram Lander, marking India’s inaugural steps on the Moon.

August 23, 2023

• Chandrayaan-3 completes a successful soft landing on the Moon, sending back the jubilant message: “I reached my destination, and you did too!”
• Prime Minister Modi declares August 23rd as National Space Day, to honor the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon.

If you’re looking for Chandrayaan-3 details to spice up your essay or speech on Chandrayaan-3 in English, you’re in the right place. We’ve gathered all the cool Chandrayaan-3 information you need to know, from what the mission aims to do to the awesome tech it uses. Let’s explore!

• Total Propellant Mass – 2145.01 kg, inclusive of all modules
• Communication Setup – Equipped with an S-Band Transponder (TTC) compatible with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
• Operational Duration – Designed for a 3 to 6-month mission life, following a launch into an approximate 100 x 100 km lunar orbit.
• Orientation Sensors – Includes CASS, IRAP, and a Micro Star Sensor for accurate orientation control
• Engine System – Features a Bi-Propellant Propulsion System using Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON3)
• Structural Model – Constructed as a modified version of the I-3K spacecraft
• Mass Without Fuel – Weighs 448.62 kg, which includes the pressurant
• Electric Power – Generates 738 Watts, optimised for both Summer Solstices and biased conditions
• Lunar Trajectory – Orbit ranging from 170 x 36500 km in lunar polar regions
• Mission Life Specifics – Carries a Lander Module & Rover up to approximately 100 x 100 km after launch, with subsequent operation of experimental payloads for 3 to 6 months.

1. When did the launch of Chandrayaan-3 take place?

Chandrayaan-3 embarked on its mission on July 14, 2023, lifting off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre situated in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

2. Whom are the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover named after?

The names of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, Vikram and Pragyan, derive their meanings from Sanskrit, with Vikram signifying valour and Pragyan representing wisdom. Notably, the lander’s name pays homage to Vikram Sarabhai, revered as the pioneer of India’s space program.

3. What are the scientific goals of Chandrayaan-3?

Chandrayaan-3 aims to conduct scientific investigations on the Moon, building upon the achievements of its predecessors. Scientific goals include studying lunar topography, mineral composition, and lunar soil. It also involves exploring specific regions or phenomena on the Moon that were not extensively covered by Chandrayaan-2.

The essay on Chandrayaan-3 for kids serves as a testament to India’s formidable strides in space exploration, illuminating young minds about the nation’s lunar missions. Through this journey, we hope to inspire the next generation of space enthusiasts and dreamers.

References/Resources:

Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ): https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html

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Chandrayaan-3: How it changed our understanding of the Moon

The chandrayaan-3 mission, which landed on the shiv shakti point on august 23 made several big-ticket findings beyond rocketing india into an elite club of just four nations that possess the capability of touching the rugged lunar surface..

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• The mission has provided valuable insights into the Moon's geology
• It has contributed to our understanding of the lunar world
• The rover measured the chemicals present on the lunar surface

India's Chandrayaan-3 mission made history by becoming the first spacecraft to land on the south polar region of the Moon, marking a significant milestone in lunar exploration.

Launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) , the mission has provided valuable insights into the Moon's geology, mineralogy, and environment, contributing to our understanding of the world that humans plan to inhabit soon.

As Pragyan descended on the surface, equipped with a laser detector, the rover measured the chemicals present on the lunar surface near the south pole.

It found a host of chemicals such as aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, and oxygen. However, the most significant finding was the presence of sulphur, which scientists say is crucial for understanding the Moon's formation and evolution.

The rover also discovered a major temperature difference between the surface and 10 cm below the soil. This wide variation in temperature indicates that the Moon's soil, known as lunar regolith, is a very good insulator.

This could potentially be used to build space colonies to keep heat, cold, and radiation out, making it a natural insulator for habitat.

Another significant achievement of the mission was the successful 'hop' experiment conducted by the Vikram lander. The lander was commanded to fire its engines, causing it to rise up by about 40 cm and land at a distance of 30-40 cm.

This successful experiment demonstrates the spacecraft's capacity for lift-off in a lunar soil environment, which could be crucial for future space missions. Officials have revealed it was an unplanned maneuver . However, it opens up avenues for research into bringing samples back from the Moon, which countries like the US and China have already done.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission also measured the Moon's plasma density, providing insights into its unique environment and interactions with the cosmos. Initial measurements indicated a density of about 5 million to 30 million electrons per cubic metre, which varies as the lunar day progresses.

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ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 success is only the beginning

India’s historic soft-landing on the moon opens new doors to lunar exploration and scientific discovery..

Published : Sep 07, 2023 00:29 IST - 11 MINS READ

An image of the Vikram lander taken by a navigation camera on board the Pragyan rover. | Photo Credit: ISRO

Nineteen minutes when all eyes were riveted on their screens; 19 minutes when India’s Vikram landed on a side of the moon where nobody has gone before. India’s moon mission, Chandrayaan-3, achieved the softest of landings for Vikram on the surface of the moon’s near side (facing the earth), near the south pole.

The 19 minutes began at 5:44 pm IST on August 23. It was the moment when, from an altitude of 30 km above the moon, the Automatic Landing Sequence (ALS), a sophisticated computer on board Vikram, took charge of operations based on the instructions it had received some three hours earlier. All that the magnificent crew at ISRO could do now was sit back and hope that their hard work paid off. And pay off it did, with all four stages of the powered descent—rough braking, altitude-hold, fine braking, and terminal descent—going off flawlessly.

ISRO Chairman S. Somanath speaks to mediapersons after the success of the Chandrayaan-3 moon mission, at the ISTRAC facility in Bengaluru on August 23. | Photo Credit: AIJAZ RAHI/AP

Vikram cut a 750 km arc from 30 km above the surface of the moon before touching down, but not before hovering a few metres above the lunar soil to study the landing site through an onboard camera that took pictures of the rocks and craters around it, then moving just that bit away to find the best spot, and finally touching down on the lunar soil ever so lightly. The time: 6:03 pm.

At the Spacecraft Control Centre of the Mission Operations Complex at ISTRAC, ISRO’s tracking centre in Bengaluru, there was jubilation when ISRO Chairman S. Somanath formally confirmed the successful space odyssey. India had become the fourth country after the erstwhile Soviet Union, the US, and China to soft-land on the moon.

The applause had hardly died down when the scientists prepared for the next phase of the mission: the release of the rover, Pragyan, from the lander. That happened a little after 12:00 am IST when the frangibolts, a device that held the door of Vikram in place, were blasted and the door deployed itself as a ramp on the lunar surface, revealing Pragyan, which was fastened to the inner side of the door with coils. On being heated, the coils melted and snapped to let Pragyan roll slowly down the ramp on to the lunar surface on six aluminium wheels.

Moving about a centimetre a minute, Pragyan began its exploration of the moon and showed itself to be in good health. Immediately after Somanath said: “We achieved most of the nominal conditions required for the landing, including the velocity of the touchdown. The velocity was less than 2 metres per second and so it gives us a lot of confidence that the health of Pragyan should be good…. We are looking for 14 exciting days from now.” Fourteen days because that is how long the sun will shine on the moon, equivalent to one earth day, before darkness sets in for the next 14 days when the temperature could go down to -150 degrees C at its poles. Pragyan will be switched off during this period, and once the sun shines again ISRO may try restarting it.

Scientists of ISRO celebrate the success of Chandrayaan-3 at the ISTRAC command network, in Bengaluru on August 26. | Photo Credit: ANI

Technological challenge

Vikram’s landing on the moon was among the toughest technological challenges for the space scientists because its orbital velocity had to be brought down to zero before it could be brought down safely, as B.R. Guruprasad, a former ISRO scientist, said. Vikram was travelling at a velocity of 6,000 km per hour. V. Narayanan, Director of ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) said: “From 6,000 km per hour, we had to bring down the velocity to zero over a distance of 750 km in 19 minutes. This job was done by our propulsion systems along with other systems. So, we landed perfectly.”

On its lunar roll Pragyan lost no time as its cameras got to work, taking pictures of the moon’s surface and streaming them to the earth. There were magnificent pictures of Vikram too. The two instruments on Pragyan—Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer—were hard at work too. LIBS has discovered “sulphur in the region unambiguously, something that was not feasible by instruments on board orbiters”, ISRO said in a statement on August 28.

Also Read | Chandrayaan-3 success puts India’s ‘rocket women’ in the spotlight

A day earlier Pragyan showed that it knew what a crater looked like. It spotted a 4-metre-wide one from 3 metres away and made the smart choice, change course. It demonstrated another instance of perfect navigation when it avoided a deeper crater.

ISRO also put out a report that a preliminary analysis had indicated the presence of aluminium, iron, calcium, chromium, and titanium on the lunar surface. Additional measurements found manganese, silicon, and oxygen. “Thorough investigation regarding the presence of hydrogen is under way,” it added.

The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer will help to derive the chemical composition of the moon’s topsoil, which will ramp up scientists’ understanding of the lunar surface.

Vikram is also busy at work with the three onboard instruments: RAMBHA (Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere), which will study the “charged atmosphere of the moon”; ChaSTE (Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment), which will study the thermo-physical properties of the regolith (Oxford dictionary: the layer of unconsolidated solid material covering the bedrock of a planet); and ILSA (Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity), which will study seismic activities on the moon. All this Vikram will do from the Shiv-Shakti point, the name given by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the soft-landing spot.

(Left) A crater that the Pragyan rover encountered on August 27 and (right) the path retraced by it on the lunar surface, as seen by the navigation camera on board. | Photo Credit: ISRO

Propulsion module

The entire mission was made possible by a very important piece of space-faring equipment, the propulsion module, to which Vikram was attached before it made its 19-minute tryst with lunar destiny.

The propulsion module, which as it circled the moon had a payload to study the earth’s spectral emissions; the lander module; and the rover together made up the Chandrayaan-3 ensemble. The propulsion module weighed 2,145 kg, and Vikram 1,750 kg, including the 26-kg Pragyan. The entire craft weighed a little less than 4 tonnes. Vikram was 250 kg heavier than the lander in Chandrayaan-2 because this mission does not have an orbiter.

In Somanath’s view, the first critical event in the entire mission, and its most difficult part, was the launch of the LVM3-M4 itself, bearing aloft the Chandrayaan-3 module. The second critical event was the capturing of the craft by the moon’s gravity. “If you miss it by your calculation, it is gone. You cannot retrieve it,” he said. The third critical event, he said, was the separation of the lander from the propulsion module. It happened at the appropriate time. “This happened after the craft spent so many days in orbit. The mechanism should work without any problem. The last critical event was—well, you watched it along with us. That is it.”

Chandrayaan-3 has had the benefit of learning from two earlier missions, Chandrayaan-1 (2008), which was an orbital mission that crashed a Moon Impact Probe on the moon, and Chandrayaan-2 (2019), in which the lander misfired in the last few minutes and crashed on the lunar surface.

• The Vikram landing was among the toughest technological challenges for ISRO.
• A preliminary analysis indicated the presence of aluminium, iron, calcium, chromium, and titanium on the lunar surface.
• Chandrayaan-4 could be a sample-return mission.
• ISRO successfully launched its solar mission, the Aditya L-1, on September 2.

Landing on south pole

But why did India choose to land on the lunar south? Former ISRO Chairman K. Sivan explained this in 2019: “ISRO picked the south pole owing to convenience, communication, and science. The rover depends on solar panels to charge its battery, for which good visibility and plenty of sunlight are available in the south pole. Also, the south pole does not have a slope of more than 12 degrees as the lander would topple otherwise. There is also a better chance of ice being present.”

The trip to the moon took around 40 days. In this period, the rocket and spacecraft technologists in the various centres of ISRO exuded a quiet confidence secure that they had a very capable launch vehicle, Launch Vehicle Mark-3, with an enviable record (seven launches, all successful). The country’s most powerful rocket, LVM3-M4 rose from the second launch pad at Sriharikota, a spindle-shaped island in Andhra Pradesh, and vaulted into the sky on July 14, with the Chandrayaan-3 module resting in its cone.

Also Read | The unsung heroes behind ISRO’s successful moon landing

It was a textbook launch with the three stages firing on time and jettisoning on the dot. About 18 minutes into the flight, the propulsion module moved into a geo-transfer orbit around the earth, with an apogee (farthest point) of 36,500 km and a perigee (nearest point) of 170 km. In the first orbit-raising manoeuvre, on July 15, the liquid apogee motor in the propulsion module fired to perfection to achieve an apogee of 41,762 km and perigee of 164 km.

Over the next few days, the orbit was raised gradually until, on August 1, it was time for the trans-lunar injection, a slingshot procedure that put the propulsion module on its path to the moon.

Four days later, on August 5, the spacecraft was inserted into the lunar orbit, which essentially involved getting captured by the moon’s gravity, a precision manoeuvre where one misstep would have meant losing the craft in space. The propulsion module’s orbit was circularised around the moon before the next big moment arrived—the separation of Vikram from the propulsion module, on August 17.

All through this journey, ISRO released images from the moon taken by highly sophisticated imaging sensors built at the Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, one of the jewels in ISRO’s crown of establishments. Among the instruments it has developed is a microwave altimeter that gives accurate information about the height of the craft above the moon, said Kiran Kumar, who was SAC director before he became ISRO Chairman in 2015. It was perhaps needed the most during the last 19 minutes of Vikram’s powered descent.

50 shades of grey

Conceptualisation.

The Chandrayaan saga, which was initially conceptualised as a one-off mission, had an interesting start to it, best heard in the words of M. Annadurai, Project Director of Chandrayaan-1: “The project report was sent to Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The Prime Minister, while appreciating the concept and effort, added ‘-1’ to Chandrayaan. That was an indication that there would be a series [of Chandrayaan missions].”

Chandrayaan-1 entailed sending a spacecraft to orbit the moon. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who was a rocket technologist before he became President, suggested that ISRO send a probe aboard the orbiter and that the probe could crash-land on the moon. That was how the Moon Impact Probe, with the national flag painted on it, was added to Chandrayaan-1, Annadurai said.

With Chandrayaan-2, ISRO wanted to confirm the presence of water ice, and the mission involved a lander and a rover emerging from it. There was the technological challenge of soft-landing on the moon and doing science experiments to understand the lunar surface. But the soft-landing was not to be.

Also Read | Chandrayaan-3 marks India’s emergence as a space power

Chandrayaan-3, as initially conceptualised, was a greater challenge. Annadurai said: “Originally, we thought of Chandrayaan-3 as a sample return mission. It was to be a joint mission with NASA. For some reason, it could not take off.”

He has suggested that Chandrayaan-4 could be a sample-return mission. The rover’s robotic arms could pick up samples of lunar soil, encapsulate them, and hand them over to the lander, which could return to earth. “Russia and the US can collaborate with us provided they take the initiative,” he added.

Aditya solar mission

However, it is the Aditya L-1 (Lagrange point 1) spacecraft that is engaging ISRO’s attention now. The PSLV-C57 rocket successfully launched the spacecraft on September 2 from Sriharikota, and initially put it in an elliptical orbit around the earth, from where it will reach L-1, taking about 120 days in all. Lagrange 1 is a point situated 15 lakh kilometres away, between the earth and the sun and is located in the earth’s orbit around the sun. “From there, the spacecraft will continuously observe the sun, unobstructed by the moon or the earth,” Somanath said. Aditya L-1 will study the sun’s corona, solar flares and winds, and other phenomena.

ISRO’s solar mission Aditya L-1 was successfully launched from Sriharikota on September 2. | Photo Credit: ANI

Preparations are also under way for a crew abort mission as part of the Gaganyaan mission, using a test vehicle in the last week of September or in October 2023. Gaganyaan will carry three Indian astronauts in a crew module into space in low-earth orbit, about 250 km above earth. They will spend three days in orbit and conduct experiments.

But for now, it is the time for ISRO to bask in its success and pore over the images that Pragyan is sending from the moon at the end of what has been a truly historic space mission.

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Chandrayaan-3 | India lights up the moon  

Chandrayaan-3’s lander touches down precisely at 6.03 p.m., sparking celebrations; the success belongs to all of humanity. we can aspire for the moon and beyond: pm; communication link established between lander and mission centre in bengaluru; rover will do chemical analysis of the lunar surface in the next 14 days.

August 23, 2023 06:11 pm | Updated January 09, 2024 08:13 am IST - Bengaluru:

Chandrayaan-3’s landing site as clicked by Vikram lander. Photo: ISRO via ANI

India has become the fourth country to successfully land on the moon as the Chandrayaan-3’s lander module, with the rover in its belly, successfully made a soft landing on the lunar surface on Wednesday.

Precisely at 6.03 p.m. the lander touched the lunar surface and there were euphoric celebrations at the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru, as India joined an elite list of countries including the United States, Russia and China to achieve the feat, becoming the first nation to touch down on the polar region of the moon.

Chandrayaan-3 live updates

“We have achieved soft landing on the moon; India is on the moon,” ISRO Chairman S. Somanath said on Wednesday.

Mr. Somanath said the lander had achieved most of the nominal conditions of landing, including the velocity of touchdown. “The velocity was less than 2 metres per second, this gives us a lot of confidence that the health of lander is very good to carry out all the planned experiments, including the Pragyaan rover coming out. We are looking for [an] exciting 14 days from now,” Mr. Somanath said.

ISRO said communication link was established between the lander and MOX-ISTRAC, Bengaluru. It also shared images taken by the lander horizontal velocity camera during the descent.

The successful landing on Wednesday has erased the painful memories of failure of the Chandrayaan-2’s Vikram lander in 2019.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 'India🇮🇳, I reached my destination and you too!' : Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. Congratulations, India🇮🇳! #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 23, 2023

During the descent, the Vikram lander gave up at an altitude of 2.1 km before touchdown and crashed on the lunar surface. It subsequently lost communication with the ground stations.

However, this time everything went as per plan.

Around 5.44 p.m., the powered descent of the lander module was initiated. The powered descent is divided into four phases — rough braking, attitude-hold, fine-braking and terminal descent phase. The lander completed each of these phases seamlessly and 19 minutes later at 6.03 p.m. the lander had made a safe and soft landing on the moon.

Modi’s message

Following the successful landing, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation from South Africa and said India’s successful moon mission was not India’s success alone. “This is a year in which the world is witnessing India’s G-20 presidency. Our approach of ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’ is resonating across the globe. This human-centric approach that we represent has been welcomed universally. Our moon mission is also based on the same human-centric approach.” 

He added that this success belonged to all of humanity. And it would help moon missions by other countries in the future. “I am confident that all countries in the world, including those from the Global South, are capable of achieving such feats. We can all aspire for the moon and beyond,” Mr. Modi said.

“India has reached the South Pole of the moon where no country in the world could reach to date with the dedication and talent of our scientists”, the Prime Minister added.

The lander will deploy the rover which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility. The lander and the rover, with a mission life of one Lunar day (14 Earth days), have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission was launched on July 14 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous lander module, a propulsion module and a rover with an objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for inter-planetary missions.

The objectives of the mission are to demonstrate safe and soft landing on lunar surface, to demonstrate rover roving on the moon and conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

The soft landing took place mere days after Russia’s Luna-25 spacecraft had crashed into the moon after spinning out of control.

The lander with four legs had multiple sensors to ensure a safe touchdown, including an accelerometer, altimeters, doppler velocimeter, inclinometer, touchdown sensor, and a suite of cameras for hazard avoidance and positional knowledge.

The team behind Chandrayan-3’s success

Soon after the ISRO achieved the historic feat of landing on the lunar south pole, Mr. Somanath introduced the key members who enabled India to achieve the task flawlessly.

P. Veeramuthuvel, Project Director, Chandrayaan-3, said, “It is a great moment of happiness, it gives me immense satisfaction on achieving this goal as Project Director of this mission. The entire mission operations from launch till landing happened flawlessly as per the timeline and we have become the fourth country to demonstrate the soft landing on the moon and the first country to go to the south pole of the moon.”

Thanking the navigation guidance and control team, propulsion team, sensors team and all the mainframe subsystems teams, who have brought success to the mission, Mr. Veeramuthuvel also expressed his gratitude to the critical operations review committee for thoroughly reviewing the mission operations right from the launch.

“The target was [spot on], because of the review process,” he said, as he acknowledged the contribution of the Chandrayaan-3 project executives working across various ISRO centres.

Sreekanth, Mission Director, Chandrayaan-3, said, “It gives me immense pleasure to be part of Chandrayaan-3 and as Mission Director, I would like to thank each and every team member who has supported in carrying out all the mission operations flawlessly.”

Calling it a memorable moment, Kalpana K., Associate Project Director, Chandrayaan-3, said, “We have achieved our goal flawlessly after rebuilding our spacecraft. It has been breath in and out for our team.”

M. Sankaran, Director of U.R. Rao Satellite Centre, said, “Today we have achieved what we set out to achieve in 2019. It was delayed by four years but we have done it.” He was referring to the failed landing of Chandrayaan-2 in 2019.

“As the Prime Minister mentioned, we will now be looking at putting man in space, putting spacecraft around Venus and landing a craft on Mars,” he said.

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Chandrayaan-3 Home /Activities/ Future Missions /Chandrayaan-3 / Chandrayaan-3 Details

Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.

Lander payloads: Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and temperature; Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for measuring the seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations. A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA is accommodated for lunar laser ranging studies.

Rover payloads: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of landing site.

More Details

Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM), Propulsion module (PM) and a Rover with an objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for Inter planetary missions. The Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the Rover which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during the course of its mobility. The Lander and the Rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface. The main function of PM is to carry the LM from launch vehicle injection till final lunar 100 km circular polar orbit and separate the LM from PM. Apart from this, the Propulsion Module also has one scientific payload as a value addition which will be operated post separation of Lander Module. The launcher identified for Chandrayaan-3 is LVM3 M4 which will place the integrated module in an Elliptic Parking Orbit (EPO) of size ~170 x 36500 km.

The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are:

• To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface
• To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and
• To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

To achieve the mission objectives, several advanced technologies are present in Lander such as,

• Altimeters: Laser & RF based Altimeters
• Velocimeters: Laser Doppler Velocimeter & Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera
• Inertial Measurement: Laser Gyro based Inertial referencing and Accelerometer package
• Propulsion System: 800N Throttleable Liquid Engines, 58N attitude thrusters & Throttleable Engine Control Electronics
• Navigation, Guidance & Control (NGC): Powered Descent Trajectory design and associate software elements
• Hazard Detection and Avoidance: Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera and Processing Algorithm
• Landing Leg Mechanism.

To demonstrate the above said advanced technologies in earth condition, several Lander special tests have been planned and carried out successfully viz.

• Integrated Cold Test - For the demonstration of Integrated Sensors & Navigation performance test using helicopter as test platform
• Integrated Hot test – For the demonstration of closed loop performance test with sensors, actuators and NGC using Tower crane as test platform
• Lander Leg mechanism performance test on a lunar simulant test bed simulating different touch down conditions.

The overall specifications for Chandrayaan-3 is provided below:

The objectives of scientific payloads planned on Chandrayaan-3 Lander Module and Rover are provided below:

Three dimensional views of Chandrayaan-3 modules are provided below:

Chandrayaan-3 – Elements

Chandrayaan-3 – Integrated Module

Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module - Views

Chandrayaan-3 Lander Module -Views

Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module - Views

Chandrayaan-3 Rover on Ramp and Deployed Views

Chandrayaan-3 Rover -Views

Chandrayaan-3 Lander

Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module

Chandrayaan-3 Rover

Chandrayaan-3 – Mission Profile

Covering the business and politics of space

Chandrayaan-3 success to boost India’s space ambitions, global standing

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Outside experts expect India to pursue more ambitious missions that include sample return and resource utilization. “I believe India is interested in continuing to scale the moon for resources, the next time with a mission to detect helium-3, which has been a long-standing scientific focus of ISRO scientists and others from India’s astrophysics community,” said Namrata Goswami, a professor at the Thunderbird School of Global Management at Arizona State University who studies India’s space program. Helium-3 has long been identified as a potential fuel for nuclear fusion reactors, although such reactors do not yet exist.

Jeff Foust writes about space policy, commercial space, and related topics for SpaceNews. He earned a Ph.D. in planetary sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a bachelor’s degree with honors in geophysics and planetary science... More by Jeff Foust

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Chandrayaan-3: Significance and Way Forward- Explained, pointwise

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• 1 What is Chandrayaan-3 mission?
• 2 What were the mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 mission?
• 3 What are the components of Chandrayaan-3 Mission?
• 4 What are the different payloads used and what are their functions?
• 5 What is the difference between Chandrayaan-3 and Chandrayaan-2?
• 6 Why did Chandrayaan-3 land on the near side of the moon?
• 7 What discoveries have been made by Chandrayaan-3 so far?
• 8 What is the significance of Chandrayaan-3 mission?
• 9 What are the challenges that Indian space sector faces despite Chandrayaan-3’s success?
• 10 What should be the course of action for Indian Space sector to become a space superpower?

As Chandrayaan-3 soft landed on the moon at  6.04 pm  on  23 rd  August India became the  first country  to land a spacecraft in uncharted territory near the lunar south pole. India is only the fourth country  in history to complete a soft landing on the Moon after the United States, the Soviet Union and China.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the point where the Vikram   lander  touched down on the lunar surface would be named “Shiv Shakti”  and the crash site of the failed Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019 as “ Tiranga point ”.

What were the mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 mission?

The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 were as follows-

• To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface
• To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon
• To conduct in-situ scientific experiments

What are the components of Chandrayaan-3 Mission?

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission consists of two modules – The propulsion module (PM)  and the Lander module (LM) .

The main function  of Propulsion Module (PM) is to carry the lander Module (LM) from launch vehicle injection till final lunar 100 km circular polar orbit, where the LM separates from PM.

What are the different payloads used and what are their functions?

The different payloads used, and their functions are mentioned below-

What is the difference between Chandrayaan-3 and Chandrayaan-2?

Chandrayaan-3 has been designed incorporating the lessons from the crash landing of Chandrayaan-2 lander on the lunar surface. The difference between Chandrayaan-3 and Chandrayaan-2 are tabulated below:

Why did Chandrayaan-3 land on the near side of the moon?

Read More:  Why did Chandrayaan-3 land on the near side of the moon?

What discoveries have been made by Chandrayaan-3 so far?

Two major discoveries made by Chandrayaan-3 so far since it has landed on the lunar surface.

Presence of Sulphur and oxygen- Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)  instrument onboard ‘Pragyan’  rover of Chandrayaan-3 has ‘unambiguously confirmed’ the presence of   sulphur  in the lunar surface near south pole. Other elements like Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Titanium (Ti), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), and Oxygen (O) are also detected.

Lunar temperature variation : Chandrayaan 3 has measured the soil temperature  of the moon and revealed some interesting findings. The temperature ranges from minus 10 degree celsius  to around 70 degree-celsius . While minus 10-degree was recorded at 80 mm under the ground 60-degree temperature was recorded at around 20 mm above the ground.

What is the significance of Chandrayaan-3 mission?

Scientific significance.

Shift in India’s space programme objectives:  The Chandrayaan-3 mission signals a shift of focus of India’s space programme. Earlier ISRO seemed focussed on utilitarian objectives  like enabling telecommunications, telemedicine and tele-education, broadcasting, or setting up remote sensing satellites. But with the Chandrayaan-3 space and planetary exploration  is becoming a priority for ISRO.

Boost to Future lunar space exploration:  The success of Chandrayaan-3 will boost the future lunar mission, like LUPEX  scheduled for 2024-25 and ISRO’s collaboration with JAXA, which will explore the permanently shaded region of the moon. ISRO will also get a boost for the International Lunar Research Station program which will be a better alternative to International space station for conducting space experiments.

Boost to Gaganyaan and Aditya L-1 missions : The launch vehicle used for Chandrayaan-3 mission is LVM-3 . It is the heaviest launch vehicle  of India and the successful launch of Chandrayaan –3 mission through this vehicle gives a boost to future Gaganyaan and Aditya L-1  missions which will launched by this LVM-3 rocket.

Boost to future ISRO’s Vision- ISRO can undertake several missions on the back of success of Chandrayaan-3 mission like launch of satellites powered by electric motors , quantum   communications , human space flight , reusable launch vehicles , planetary habitation and interplanetary communications.

Demonstration of India’s space technology prowess-  Demonstration of India’s capability in end to end soft landing and roving on the lunar surface.

Economic Significance

Boost to India’s push for “Space Industrialization”- The success of Chandrayaan-3 provides an opportunity for India to push for Space Industrialization .India can extract extra-terrestrial mineral resources and embark on deep space exploration.

Boost to the Indian space-tech ecosystem:  The successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 could bolster investor confidence  and attract more private investment  in space technology. Chandrayaan-3 mission’s success validates India’s space industry to emerge as a potential supplier for lunar programs undertaken by other countries . Make in India space program will also gain success. India’s space economy  can reach  $100 billion  by 2040.

Geo-political Significance

Enhancement of India’s role and position in the Artemis accord- India is now a member of the Artemis Accords  (the U.S.-led multilateral effort to place humans on the moon by 2025 and thereafter to expand human space exploration to the earth’s wider neighbourhood in the solar system). With the success of Chandrayaan-3 mission India has an opportunity to lead the other Artemis countries alongside the U.S.

Expansion of cooperation in outer space- While geo-political rivalry  is a reality, India’s success in space missions like Chandrayaan-3 provides India an opportunity to limit competition and expand cooperation in outer space. India can also  gain   military advantage  in space over their geopolitical rivals on Earth.

What are the challenges that Indian space sector faces despite Chandrayaan-3’s success?

Technological Challenges – While Chandrayaan  took nearly  six weeks  to get to the Moon, the failed Russian mission  Luna-25  took just one week to touch down (although it crashed). ISRO faces technological upgradation challenges like powerful launch vehicles with higher payload capacity and reach.

Budgetary Challenges- ISRO faces budget constraints  despite its successes in launching missions. There has been  an 8% decline  in budget allocations to ISRO in 2023-2024 with respect to 2022-2023. The funds allocated to the space sector are very less in comparison to other countries. The US spent 10 times  and China 6 times  more than India in the space sector in 2019-20.

Manpower Challenges- ISRO   faces manpower challenge due to the problem of Brain Drain and fewer students  pursuing advanced spaced space studies.

Government funded space missions- Some   critics have argued that such massive spending by the government alone  in these space missions curtail Indian government’s spending capability in social sectors like poverty alleviation, education and health which must be the priority for developing country like India.

Absence of a Clear Legislative Framework- The draft Space Activities bill which was introduced way back in 2017 but hasn’t been passed yet.

Lack of robust Dispute Settlement Mechanism- This discourages private investment  in the space sector. The void was seen in Antrix – Devas cancelled satellite deal . The Government of India owes nearly $1.2 billion to Devas Multimedia as per an order of a tribunal of the International Chamber of Commerce.

What should be the course of action for Indian Space sector to become a space superpower?

Despite successful missions like Chandrayaan-3 India’s share  in the total global space economy is just around 2%.  India needs to adopt a multipronged approach to become a space superpower in ‘Amrit Kaal’.

Push for privatization-  India must frame its space policy  to allow for greater private sector investment in field of space technology. India’s space programmes should be driven by commerce.

Passage of space Activities Bill- The passage of the Space Activities Bill  should also be done in order to give private players greater clarity and protection. This should involve proper consultation and discussions with the concerned stakeholders.

Setting up Space Dispute Tribunal- The plan to set up an independent tribunal  to adjudicate disputes among private space entities should be implemented promptly.

Enhanced International Collaboration- India must do more collaboration and research  with pioneer countries like the US & Russia who are already managing big constellations of satellites.

Conclusion-

Indian Space sector possesses huge untapped potential which can be realized with adequate policy measures by the government. This would boost the confidence of the private sector and deliver optimum results, thereby helping the country acquire the top spot in the global space industry.

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Essay on Mission Chandrayaan 3: India’s Triumph in Space

Indian Space Research Organization released pictures of the landing site of the Chandrayaan 3 on 23.07.2023 when India achieved the remarkable Journey of Chandrayaan 3 to the Moon. The picture was taken from the Landing Imager Camera after the landing of the Chadrayaan 3 . Lets explore more about Mission Chandrayaan 3 in this essay .

Essay on Mission Chandrayaan 3

India’s space exploration journey achieved another monumental milestone with the successful launch and arrival of Chandrayaan 3 on the Moon. Launched on July 14, 2023, and reaching its lunar destination on August 23, 2023, Chandrayaan 3 represents India’s determination and prowess in the field of space exploration. This mission marks a significant leap forward in advancing our understanding of the Moon and the cosmos.

Mission Objectives of Mission Chandrayaan 3

Chandrayaan 3 was designed to build on the successes of its predecessors, Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2, with a specific focus on lunar surface exploration. The primary objectives of this mission included conducting comprehensive studies of the Moon’s surface composition, morphology, and topography, as well as collecting vital data to expand our understanding of lunar geological history.

Technological Marvels of Mission Chandrayaan 3

The successful execution of Chandrayaan 3 reflects India’s technological capabilities. The spacecraft was equipped with state of the art instruments and technologies, including high resolution cameras, spectrometers, and radar systems. These sophisticated tools were designed to capture detailed images of the Moon’s surface and analyze its mineral composition, thus contributing to the broader scientific understanding of lunar evolution.

Launch and Journey of Mission Chandrayaan 3

On July 14, 2023, the GSLV Mk III-M1 rocket, carrying the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. The launch marked a crucial step in India’s ambitious journey to unravel the mysteries of the Moon. The spacecraft embarked on a complex trajectory, skillfully navigating through space to reach its lunar orbit by August 23, 2023.

Lunar Arrival and Exploration

Chandrayaan 3’s arrival on the Moon’s surface was a moment of immense pride for India’s space community and the nation as a whole. The lander and rover components touched down on the Moon’s surface with precision, marking a significant achievement in lunar exploration. The rover was equipped to navigate and analyze the lunar terrain, collect samples, and transmit crucial data back to Earth.

Scientific Discoveries and Contributions

The data gathered by Chandrayaan 3’s instruments has the potential to reshape our understanding of the Moon’s geological history, evolution, and possible resources. The spacecraft’s findings can provide insights into the Moon’s origin, its interactions with space and Earth, and even its potential role as a stepping stone for future space exploration missions.

Global Collaboration and Inspiration

India’s achievements in space exploration through missions like Chandrayaan 3 serve as an inspiration to nations around the world. The collaborative nature of space exploration encourages international cooperation, allowing countries to share resources, expertise, and insights for the betterment of humanity’s understanding of the cosmos.

India’s Chandrayaan 3 mission is not just a scientific accomplishment but a testament to the nation’s technological prowess, determination, and dedication to advancing our knowledge of the universe. The successful launch and lunar arrival of Chandrayaan-3 represent a significant stride toward unraveling the mysteries of the Moon, fostering global collaboration, and inspiring generations to come. As we celebrate this remarkable achievement, we look forward to the valuable scientific discoveries and insights that Chandrayaan 3’s mission data will unveil.

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Science & Technology

Make Your Note

Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Lands on Moon's South Pole

• 24 Aug 2023
• GS Paper - 3
• Space Technology
• Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology
• Indigenization of Technology

For Prelims: Chandrayaan-3 , Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover, Lunar Day, Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE), LUPEX, Aditya L1 , NISAR , Gaganyaan , Shukrayaan 1 , XPoSat.

For Mains: Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 Mission, Achievements of India in Space Sector.

Why in News?

Chandrayaan-3 has made history by becoming the first mission to soft-land on the lunar south pole , a region that has never been explored before. The mission aimed to demonstrate safe and soft lunar landing, rover mobility, and in-situ scientific experiments.

• India now joins the United States, Russia, and China as one of the few countries to successfully land on the Moon.

How did Chandrayaan-3 Prevail Over Obstacles Encountered in the Previous Mission?

• The Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 had lost control and communication during descent, leading to a crash on the lunar surface.
• Critical changes included strengthening the lander's legs, increasing fuel reserves, and enhancing landing site flexibility.

Why did Chandrayaan-3 Choose Moon's Near Side for Landing?

• The Vikram lander's controlled descent achieved one of the closest approaches to the Moon's South Pole.
• The near side, visible from Earth due to synchronous rotation, covers 60% of the Moon.
• Astronauts aboard the Apollo 8 mission in 1968 became the first humans to observe the far side directly.
• The lunar crust on the near side is thinner, causing volcanic lava to flow and fill craters over time, creating flat terrains.
• Landing on the far side would require a relay for communication due to the lack of direct line-of-sight with Earth.

What are the Intended Actions for Chandrayaan-3 after its Landing?

• The Pragyan rover will move around the landing site within a radius of 500 meters , conducting experiments and sending data and images to the lander.
• The Vikram lander will relay the data and images to the orbiter, which will then transmit them to Earth.
• These instruments are designed to conduct comprehensive investigations into diverse facets of lunar characteristics, encompassing terrain analysis, mineralogical composition, surface chemistry, atmospheric attributes , and crucially, the exploration for water and potential resource reservoirs.
• The propulsion module that carried the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit also has a Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.

What are ISRO's Future Expeditions?

• If successful, it could mark the next logical step after Chandrayaan-2 and 3, offering the capability to retrieve lunar surface samples.
• The mission holds promise for advancing our understanding of the Moon's composition and history.
• It will be specifically designed to venture into permanently shaded areas.
• Investigating the presence of water and assessing the potential for a sustainable long-term station are among LUPEX's objectives.
• The spacecraft shall be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth.
• Observing the sun's corona, emissions, solar winds, flares, and coronal mass ejections are the primary focus areas of Aditya-L1.
• The spacecraft will carry two scientific payloads in a low earth orbit.
• NISAR will map the entire globe in 12 days and provide spatially and temporally consistent data for understanding changes in Earth’s ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation biomass, sea level rise, ground water and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and landslides.
• The manned flight will carry three astronauts, including a woman , for up to seven days in low Earth orbit.
• Shukrayaan 1 : It is a planned mission to send an orbiter to Venus , the second planet from the Sun. It is expected to study Venus’s geological and volcanic activity, emissions on the ground, wind speed, cloud cover, and other planetary characteristics.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q. Discuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology helped India in its socio-economic development? (2016)

100, 200, 300, 350 & 400 Word Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English & Hindi

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s ambitious lunar mission, following in the footsteps of its predecessors, Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. Chandrayaan-3 is India’s second attempt to land softly on the Moon. It is a project undertaken by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to land on the moon’s surface and deploy a rover to conduct experiments and gather valuable data. The mission studies the moon’s geology, mineralogy, and exosphere. This will contribute to our understanding of the moon’s origin and evolution. 

250 Words Expository Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission of India’s space program. It is being jointly developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Russian space agency, Roscosmos. The mission was announced in 2020 and is expected to be launched in 2021. The mission’s primary objective is to perform an unmanned soft landing on the Moon.

The mission will be carried out by the GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle and will include an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. The orbiter will map the lunar surface and study its topography, mineralogy, and exosphere. The lander will deploy the rover, which will explore the lunar surface and search for water and other minerals.

The mission will also carry out various experiments, such as a Raman spectrometer to study the lunar surface composition and mineralogy, a mass spectrometer to analyze the atmosphere, and a neutron spectrometer to search for water and ice. In addition, the mission will also conduct a synthetic aperture radar experiment to map the lunar surface and study its composition.

Chandrayaan-3 is expected to provide valuable data for the scientific community. This will help us understand the Moon’s geology, composition, and environment. It will also be used to study the solar system’s evolution and life’s origin.

Chandrayaan-3 is a significant mission, as it marks the first time India has undertaken a Moon mission. This mission will also be a great opportunity for India to demonstrate its space exploration capabilities. The data and information gathered during the mission will also be used to develop new technologies and create new opportunities for space exploration.

300 Words Argumentative Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar exploration mission, currently under planning. It is set to launch in 2021 following Chandrayaan-2’s success. The mission aims to explore the moon’s south polar region, which has never been studied before. By doing so, it could potentially uncover new information about the moon’s composition, origin, and past.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is an ambitious undertaking and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the moon. It will be the first mission to explore the moon’s south polar region, which is largely unexplored. This region is believed to contain a wealth of minerals, including water and ice, which could support future human exploration. Additionally, the mission could uncover new information about the moon’s past, providing valuable insight into its formation and evolution.

On the other hand, there are also some potential drawbacks to the mission. First, Chandrayaan-3 is a costly endeavor, and success is not guaranteed. It is also unclear how much enlightening information the mission will uncover, as the south-polar region has never been studied before. Finally, the mission could be dangerous for astronauts if they are sent to the moon’s surface, as the area is largely unexplored and could contain unknown risks.

In conclusion, Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious mission that could revolutionize our moon understanding. It has the potential to uncover new information about the moon’s composition, origin, and past, as well as to provide valuable insight into its formation and evolution. However, it is also an expensive and potentially dangerous endeavor, and its success is not guaranteed. It is imperative to weigh the pros and cons carefully before deciding whether or not to pursue the mission.

350 Words persuasive Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3, India’s third moon mission, is an exciting prospect for space exploration. It is a mission that will explore the lunar surface for the first time since the Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019. This mission is set to launch in 2021 and will be a major milestone in India’s space exploration goals.

Chandrayaan-3 will be an ambitious mission that explores the lunar surface in greater detail than ever before. This mission will be the first to deploy a rover on the moon’s surface to collect samples and conduct experiments. Additionally, the mission will deploy an orbiter and a lander to the moon. The orbiter will be equipped with a high-resolution camera and a spectrometer to map the lunar surface and observe the moon’s environment. The lander will be equipped with seismometers and other instruments to measure the moon’s internal structure.

The mission will also focus on finding water evidence on the moon. This is a major goal of Chandrayaan-3, as water is a vital resource for humans on the moon. The mission will also search for minerals that could be used for resource extraction.

Chandrayaan-3 is a crucial mission for India’s space exploration efforts. It will provide a wealth of data that can further our understanding of the moon and its environment. Additionally, the mission will provide valuable insight into the moon’s potential as a resource for human exploration and colonization.

The mission will also be a significant step in India’s space exploration ambitions. As India’s space exploration capabilities expand, Chandrayaan-3 will be a major milestone in this process. The mission will demonstrate India’s ability to explore space on its own and serve as a stepping stone for future missions.

In conclusion, Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious mission that will explore the moon’s surface and environment in greater detail than ever before. It will be a major milestone in India’s space exploration ambitions and provide valuable data for future missions. The mission will also be a crucial step in India’s space exploration efforts and will demonstrate India’s capabilities in this area

400 Words Descriptive Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is the third mission of India’s lunar exploration program developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission is proposed to be launched in 2021 and is expected to land at the Moon’s south pole. This mission is a follow-up mission to Chandrayaan-2 which was launched in July 2019, and will go to the Moon’s surface.

Chandrayaan-3 is designed to land a rover on the lunar surface and explore the region for the mineral and chemical composition of the Moon. The mission will also carry a lander and a rover to the lunar surface. The lander will measure the mineral and chemical composition of the surface. The rover will map the terrain and collect samples for further analysis.

The mission will also be equipped with a variety of instruments and cameras to study the lunar surface and its environment. These instruments will analyze the lunar surface for its composition and characteristics. In addition, they will be used to study the lunar environment and its atmosphere. This data will help us in understanding the origin and evolution of the Moon.

The mission will also carry a variety of payloads including a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a Lunar Infrared Imaging System (LIRIS), a High-Resolution Camera (HRC), and a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system. The SAR will be able to study the Moon’s surface in greater detail and detect the presence of water or ice on the surface. LIRIS will be used to measure the lunar surface temperature and the HRC will be utilized to take high-resolution pictures of the surface. LIBS will analyze the composition of rocks and soils on the lunar surface.

The mission will also conduct experiments on the lunar surface. These experiments will include studies of the lunar environment, the measurement of the Moon’s magnetic field, and the study of the Moon’s gravitational field.

Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious project and is expected to be a major milestone in India’s space exploration program. The mission is expected to provide valuable data to further understand the Moon’s origin and evolution. The mission will also provide critical data to plan future Moon missions.

Bottom line:

An important development in India’s space exploration program is Chandrayaan-3. The success of Chandrayaan extends beyond scientific breakthroughs to include advantages for the nation’s socioeconomic system. Additionally, it will encourage and inspire the next generation to pursue science and technology.

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10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3 for Children and Students

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3 : An important development for India’s space exploration program is Chandrayan-3. It consists of a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan.

Chandrayan-1 was the first mission to the moon. It was launched by ISRO on October 2008. On 22 July 2019 the chandrayaan-2 mission was launched successfully and chandrayan-3 is India’s third moon mission.

Chandrayan-3 is the next step after chandrayan-2. Which failed in its final stage. It is a proud moment for India its space program.

Table of Contents

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3 for Kids

Pattern 1  – This  10 Lines  is very helpful for classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, to College Students.

• Chandanayan- 3 is India’s third moon mission.
• It was launched on July 14, 2023.
• Chandrayaan means ‘moon craft’ in Sanskrit.
• It is a very important space mission in India.
• Chandrayan- 3 is the next project after chandrayan 2 and chandrayan 1.
• It represents a remarkable step forward for the India’s space program.
• It will demonstrate how safe it is to land and navigate on the moon.
• Chandrayan- 3 was successfully launched from spsc SHAR, sriharikata.
• ISRO plans to send chandrayan 3 on its 3rd journey to the moon.
• Chandrayan- 3 is a proud moment for India it’s space program.

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3 for Students

Pattern 2  – This  10 Lines  is very helpful for classes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12th and Higher Class Students.

• The lunch of chandrayan 3 took place on July 2023, at 2.35 p.m. IST.
• The chandrayan 3 has launched almost four years after the chandrayan 2 failure.
• Only three countries the USA Russia and China have successfully soft-landed on the moon.
• ISRO is responsible for launching chandrayaan mission.
• The Indian space research organisation launched chandrayan in 2008.
• Chandrayan 3 is likely to land around August 23 or August 24.
• Chandrayan 3 is objectives include studying the moons geology, mineralology and exosphere.
• According to reports chandrayan 3 has cost about 77 millions USD.
• The chandrayaan 3 mission is a significant achievement for the Indians space program.
• The chandrayan 3 mission is a stepping stone towards ISRO’s future interplanetary missions.

Read other related post–  Short Essay  /  10 Lines .

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References Links:

• https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan-3
• https://www.planetary.org/space-missions/chandrayaan-3

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Paragraph on Chandrayaan 3 in English

Today, we are sharing a  Paragraph on Chandrayaan 3 in English . This article can help students who are looking for information  about a paragraph on Chandrayaan 3 . This paragraph is very simple and easy to remember. The level of these paragraphs is moderate so any student can write on this topic.

Paragraph on Chandrayaan (100-150 words)

Chandrayaan 3, India’s third lunar mission, successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole on 23 August 2023. The mission’s main goal is to search for water ice on the Moon, which could be a valuable resource for future human exploration. Chandrayaan 3 will also study the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major achievement for India’s space program. It is only the fourth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon, and the first to land on the south pole. This accomplishment is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the ISRO team.

The mission is expected to last for one year, and it will provide valuable data that will help scientists to better understand the Moon and its potential for future human exploration.

Paragraph on Chandrayaan (200-250 words)

Chandrayaan 3, India’s third lunar mission, successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023. The mission’s main goal is to search for water ice on the Moon, which could be a valuable resource for future human exploration. Chandrayaan 3 will also study the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major achievement for India’s space program. It is only the fourth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon, and the first to land on the south pole. This accomplishment is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) team.

The mission consists of a lander, a rover, and an orbiter. The lander, Vikram, deployed the rover, Pragyan, which began exploring the Moon’s surface on September 2, 2023. The orbiter, Chandrayaan-3 Orbiter, is collecting data about the Moon’s atmosphere, surface, and interior.

The data collected by Chandrayaan 3 will help scientists to better understand the Moon and its potential for future human exploration. The mission is expected to last for one year.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a proud moment for India. It is a testament to the country’s growing capabilities in space exploration, and it will help to inspire future generations of Indian scientists and engineers.

Paragraph on Chandrayaan (400 Words)

Chandrayaan 3 is India’s third lunar mission, and it successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023. The mission’s main goal is to search for water ice on the Moon, which could be a valuable resource for future human exploration. Chandrayaan 3 will also study the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major achievement for India’s space program. It is only the fourth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon, and the first to land on the south pole. This accomplishment is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) team.

The landing of Chandrayaan-3 will allow scientists to study the Moon’s south pole in greater detail. This region is thought to be rich in water ice, which could be a valuable resource for future human exploration. The data collected by Chandrayaan-3 will also help scientists to better understand the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The mission is expected to last for one year, and it will provide valuable data that will help scientists to better understand the Moon and its potential for future human exploration. The success of Chandrayaan-3 is a major milestone in India’s space program, and it will help the country to become a leading player in the global space race.

In addition to the scientific goals of Chandrayaan 3, the mission also has a number of technological objectives. These include testing new technologies for landing and navigation, and developing new ways to communicate with spacecraft in deep space. The success of Chandrayaan 3 will help ISRO to develop even more advanced spacecraft in the future.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major step forward for India’s space program. It is a testament to the country’s growing capabilities in space exploration, and it will help India to become a leading player in the global space race.

The mission is also a symbol of India’s commitment to peaceful space exploration. India has always been a responsible spacefaring nation, and Chandrayaan 3 is a continuation of that tradition. The mission will help to promote international cooperation in space exploration, and it will inspire future generations of scientists and engineers around the world.

Related Post

• Essay on Chandrayaan 3
• 10 lines on Chandrayaan 3

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