unique psychology research questions

80 fascinating psychology research questions for your next project

Last updated

15 February 2024

Reviewed by

Brittany Ferri, PhD, OTR/L

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Psychology research is essential for furthering our understanding of human behavior and improving the diagnosis and treatment of psychological conditions.

When psychologists know more about how different social and cultural factors influence how humans act, think, and feel, they can recommend improvements to practices in areas such as education, sport, healthcare, and law enforcement.

Below, you will find 80 research question examples across 16 branches of psychology. First, though, let’s look at some tips to help you select a suitable research topic.

• How to choose a good psychology research topic

Psychology has many branches that break down further into topics. Choosing a topic for your psychology research paper can be daunting because there are so many to choose from. It’s an important choice, as the topic you select will open up a range of questions to explore.

The tips below can help you find a psychology research topic that suits your skills and interests.

Tip #1: Select a topic that interests you

Passion and interest should fuel every research project. A topic that fascinates you will most likely interest others as well. Think about the questions you and others might have and decide on the issues that matter most. Draw on your own interests, but also keep your research topical and relevant to others.

Don’t limit yourself to a topic that you already know about. Instead, choose one that will make you want to know more and dig deeper. This will keep you motivated and excited about your research.

Tip #2: Choose a topic with a manageable scope

If your topic is too broad, you can get overwhelmed by the amount of information available and have trouble maintaining focus. On the other hand, you may find it difficult to find enough information if you choose a topic that is too narrow.

To determine if the topic is too broad or too narrow, start researching as early as possible. If you find there’s an overwhelming amount of research material, you’ll probably need to narrow the topic down. For example, instead of researching the general population, it might be easier to focus on a specific age group. Ask yourself what area of the general topic interests you most and focus on that.

If your scope is too narrow, try to generalize or focus on a larger related topic. Expand your search criteria or select additional databases for information. Consider if the topic is too new to have much information published on it as well.

Tip #3: Select a topic that will produce useful and relevant insights

Doing some preliminary research will reveal any existing research on the topic. If there is existing research, will you be able to produce new insights? You might need to focus on a different area or see if the existing research has limitations that you can overcome.

Bear in mind that finding new information from which to draw fresh insights may be impossible if your topic has been over-researched.

You’ll also need to consider whether your topic is relevant to current trends and needs. For example, researching psychology topics related to social media use may be highly relevant today.

• 80 psychology research topics and questions

Psychology is a broad subject with many branches and potential areas of study. Here are some of them:

Developmental

Personality

Experimental

Organizational

Educational

Neuropsychology

Controversial topics

Below we offer some suggestions on research topics and questions that can get you started. Keep in mind that these are not all-inclusive but should be personalized to fit the theme of your paper.

Social psychology research topics and questions

Social psychology has roots as far back as the 18th century. In simple terms, it’s the study of how behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others. It is the science of finding out who we are, who we think we are, and how our perceptions affect ourselves and others. It looks at personalities, relationships, and group behavior.

Here are some potential research questions and paper titles for this topic:

How does social media use impact perceptions of body image in male adolescents?

2. Is childhood bullying a risk factor for social anxiety in adults?

Is homophobia in individuals caused by genetic or environmental factors?

What is the most important psychological predictor of a person’s willingness to donate to charity?

Does a person’s height impact how other people perceive them? If so, how?

Cognitive psychology research questions

Cognitive psychology is the branch that focuses on the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving. It also explores the reasons humans think the way they do.

This topic involves exploring how people think by measuring intelligence, thoughts, and cognition. 

Here are some research question ideas:

6. Is there a link between chronic stress and memory function?

7. Can certain kinds of music trigger memories in people with memory loss?

8. Do remote meetings impact the efficacy of team decision-making?

9. Do word games and puzzles slow cognitive decline in adults over the age of 80?

10. Does watching television impact a child’s reading ability?

Developmental psychology research questions

Developmental psychology is the study of how humans grow and change over their lifespan. It usually focuses on the social, emotional, and physical development of babies and children, though it can apply to people of all ages. Developmental psychology is important for understanding how we learn, mature, and adapt to changes.

Here are some questions that might inspire your research:

11. Does grief accelerate the aging process?

12. How do parent–child attachment patterns influence the development of emotion regulation in teenagers?

13. Does bilingualism affect cognitive decline in adults over the age of 70?

14. How does the transition to adulthood impact decision-making abilities

15. How does early exposure to music impact mental health and well-being in school-aged children?

Personality psychology research questions

Personality psychology studies personalities, how they develop, their structures, and the processes that define them. It looks at intelligence, disposition, moral beliefs, thoughts, and reactions.

The goal of this branch of psychology is to scientifically interpret the way personality patterns manifest into an individual’s behaviors. Here are some example research questions:

16. Nature vs. nurture: Which impacts personality development the most?

17. The role of genetics on personality: Does an adopted child take on their biological parents’ personality traits?

18. How do personality traits influence leadership styles and effectiveness in organizational settings?

19. Is there a relationship between an individual’s personality and mental health?

20. Can a chronic illness affect your personality?

Abnormal psychology research questions

As the name suggests, abnormal psychology is a branch that focuses on abnormal behavior and psychopathology (the scientific study of mental illness or disorders).

Abnormal behavior can be challenging to define. Who decides what is “normal”? As such, psychologists in this area focus on the level of distress that certain behaviors may cause, although this typically involves studying mental health conditions such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and phobias.

Here are some questions to consider:

21. How does technology impact the development of social anxiety disorder?

22. What are the factors behind the rising incidence of eating disorders in adolescents?

23. Are mindfulness-based interventions effective in the treatment of PTSD?

24. Is there a connection between depression and gambling addiction?

25. Can physical trauma cause psychopathy?

Clinical psychology research questions

Clinical psychology deals with assessing and treating mental illness or abnormal or psychiatric behaviors. It differs from abnormal psychology in that it focuses more on treatments and clinical aspects, while abnormal psychology is more behavioral focused.

This is a specialty area that provides care and treatment for complex mental health conditions. This can include treatment, not only for individuals but for couples, families, and other groups. Clinical psychology also supports communities, conducts research, and offers training to promote mental health. This category is very broad, so there are lots of topics to explore.

Below are some example research questions to consider:

26. Do criminals require more specific therapies or interventions?

27. How effective are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating mental health disorders?

28. Are there any disadvantages to humanistic therapy?

29. Can group therapy be more beneficial than one-on-one therapy sessions?

30. What are the factors to consider when selecting the right treatment plan for patients with anxiety?

Experimental psychology research questions

Experimental psychology deals with studies that can prove or disprove a hypothesis. Psychologists in this field use scientific methods to collect data on basic psychological processes such as memory, cognition, and learning. They use this data to test the whys and hows of behavior and how outside factors influence its creation.

Areas of interest in this branch relate to perception, memory, emotion, and sensation. The below are example questions that could inspire your own research:

31. Do male or female parents/carers have a more calming influence on children?

32. Will your preference for a genre of music increase the more you listen to it?

33. What are the psychological effects of posting on social media vs. not posting?

34. How is productivity affected by social connection?

35. Is cheating contagious?

Organizational psychology research questions

Organizational psychology studies human behavior in the workplace. It is most frequently used to evaluate an employee, group, or a company’s organizational dynamics. Researchers aim to isolate issues and identify solutions.

This area of study can be beneficial to both employees and employers since the goal is to improve the overall work environment and experience. Researchers apply psychological principles and findings to recommend improvements in performance, communication, job satisfaction, and safety. 

Some potential research questions include the following:

36. How do different leadership styles affect employee morale?

37. Do longer lunch breaks boost employee productivity?

38. Is gender an antecedent to workplace stress?

39. What is the most effective way to promote work–life balance among employees?

40. How do different organizational structures impact the effectiveness of communication, decision-making, and productivity?

Forensic psychology research questions

Some questions to consider exploring in this branch of psychology are:

41. How does incarceration affect mental health?

42. Is childhood trauma a driver for criminal behavior during adulthood?

43. Are people with mental health conditions more likely to be victims of crimes?

44. What are the drivers of false memories, and how do they impact the justice system?

45. Is the media responsible for copycat crimes?

Educational psychology research questions

Educational psychology studies children in an educational setting. It covers topics like teaching methods, aptitude assessment, self-motivation, technology, and parental involvement.

Research in this field of psychology is vital for understanding and optimizing learning processes. It informs educators about cognitive development, learning styles, and effective teaching strategies.

Here are some example research questions:

46. Are different teaching styles more beneficial for children at different times of the day?

47. Can listening to classical music regularly increase a student’s test scores?

48. Is there a connection between sugar consumption and knowledge retention in students?

49. Does sleep duration and quality impact academic performance?

50. Does daily meditation at school influence students’ academic performance and mental health?

Sports psychology research question examples

Sport psychology aims to optimize physical performance and well-being in athletes by using cognitive and behavioral practices and interventions. Some methods include counseling, training, and clinical interventions.

Research in this area is important because it can improve team and individual performance, resilience, motivation, confidence, and overall well-being

Here are some research question ideas for you to consider:

51. How can a famous coach affect a team’s performance?

52. How can athletes control negative emotions in violent or high-contact sports?

53. How does using social media impact an athlete’s performance and well-being?

54. Can psychological interventions help with injury rehabilitation?

55. How can mindfulness practices boost sports performance?

Cultural psychology research question examples

The premise of this branch of psychology is that mind and culture are inseparable. In other words, people are shaped by their cultures, and their cultures are shaped by them. This can be a complex interaction.

Cultural psychology is vital as it explores how cultural context shapes individuals’ thoughts, behaviors, and perceptions. It provides insights into diverse perspectives, promoting cross-cultural understanding and reducing biases.

Here are some ideas that you might consider researching:

56. Are there cultural differences in how people perceive and deal with pain?

57. Are different cultures at increased risk of developing mental health conditions?

58. Are there cultural differences in coping strategies for stress?

59. Do our different cultures shape our personalities?

60. How does multi-generational culture influence family values and structure?

Health psychology research question examples

Health psychology is a crucial field of study. Understanding how psychological factors influence health behaviors, adherence to medical treatments, and overall wellness enables health experts to develop effective interventions and preventive measures, ultimately improving health outcomes.

Health psychology also aids in managing stress, promoting healthy behaviors, and optimizing mental health, fostering a holistic approach to well-being.

Here are five ideas to inspire research in this field:

61. How can health psychology interventions improve lifestyle behaviors to prevent cardiovascular diseases?

62. What role do social norms play in vaping among adolescents?

63. What role do personality traits play in the development and management of chronic pain conditions?

64. How do cultural beliefs and attitudes influence health-seeking behaviors in diverse populations?

65. What are the psychological factors influencing the adherence to preventive health behaviors, such as vaccination and regular screenings?

Neuropsychology research paper question examples

Neuropsychology research explores how a person’s cognition and behavior are related to their brain and nervous system. Researchers aim to advance the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders.

Researchers may work with children facing learning or developmental challenges, or with adults with declining cognitive abilities. They may also focus on injuries or illnesses of the brain, such as traumatic brain injuries, to determine the effect on cognitive and behavioral functions.

Neuropsychology informs diagnosis and treatment strategies for conditions such as dementia, traumatic brain injuries, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the neural basis of behavior enhances our ability to optimize cognitive functioning, rehabilitate people with brain injuries, and improve patient care.

Here are some example research questions to consider:

66. How do neurotransmitter imbalances in specific brain regions contribute to mood disorders such as depression?

67. How can a traumatic brain injury affect memory?

68. What neural processes underlie attention deficits in people with ADHD?

69. Do medications affect the brain differently after a traumatic brain injury?

70. What are the behavioral effects of prolonged brain swelling?

Psychology of religion research question examples

The psychology of religion is a field that studies the interplay between belief systems, spirituality, and mental well-being. It explores the application of the psychological methods and interpretive frameworks of religious traditions and how they relate to both religious and non-religious people.

Psychology of religion research contributes to a holistic understanding of human experiences. It fosters cultural competence and guides therapeutic approaches that respect diverse spiritual beliefs.

Here are some example research questions in this field:

71. What impact does a religious upbringing have on a child’s self-esteem?

72. How do religious beliefs shape decision-making and perceptions of morality?

73. What is the impact of religious indoctrination?

74. Is there correlation between religious and mindfulness practices?

75. How does religious affiliation impact attitudes towards mental health treatment and help-seeking behaviors?

Controversial topics in psychology research question examples

Some psychology topics don’t fit into any of the subcategories above, but they may still be worthwhile topics to consider. These topics are the ones that spark interest, conversation, debate, and disagreement. They are often inspired by current issues and assess the validity of older research.

Consider some of these research question examples:

76. How does the rise in on-screen violence impact behavior in adolescents.

77. Should access to social media platforms be restricted in children under the age of 12 to improve mental health?

78. Are prescription mental health medications over-prescribed in older adults? If so, what are the effects of this?

79. Cognitive biases in AI: what are the implications for decision-making?

80. What are the psychological and ethical implications of using virtual reality in exposure therapy for treating trauma-related conditions?

• Inspiration for your next psychology research project

You can choose from a diverse range of research questions that intersect and overlap across various specialties.

From cognitive psychology to clinical studies, each inquiry contributes to a deeper understanding of the human mind and behavior. Importantly, the relevance of these questions transcends individual disciplines, as many findings offer insights applicable across multiple areas of study.

As health trends evolve and societal needs shift, new topics emerge, fueling continual exploration and discovery. Diving into this ever-changing and expanding area of study enables you to navigate the complexities of the human experience and pave the way for innovative solutions to the challenges of tomorrow.

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Exploring 200+ Psychology Topics to Research: Unlocking the Depths of the Mind

The world of psychology is as vast as the human mind itself. Delving into the intricate workings of the human psyche can be both fascinating. For students, academics, or anyone with a curious mind, choosing the right psychology topics to research is paramount. In this blog, we’ll navigate through the labyrinth of psychology topics, helping you find your way to a captivating and meaningful research endeavor.

How To Select Psychology Topics To Research?

Table of Contents

• Follow Your Interests: Start with what you love. What aspects of human behavior or the mind fascinate you the most? It’s much easier to research something you’re passionate about.
• Consider Relevance: Think about how your chosen topic fits into your academic or career goals. Does it relate to what you’re studying or the job you want? If it does, great!
• Balance the Scope: Don’t pick a topic that’s too broad or too narrow. Find that sweet spot in the middle. You want a topic that’s focused enough to research effectively but not so narrow that there’s no existing information.
• Explore Different Areas: Research the various branches of psychology, like cognitive, social, clinical, developmental, or biological psychology. See which one resonates with you the most.
• Seek Advice: Talk to your professors, mentors, or peers. They can provide guidance and suggestions based on your interests and goals.

200+ Popular Psychology Topics To Research: Category Wise

40+ cognitive psychology topics.

• The role of working memory in problem-solving.
• Cognitive effects of sleep deprivation.
• Neural basis of attention and focus.
• Influence of language on cognitive development.
• Decision-making biases in economic behavior.
• The psychology of learning and memory.
• The impact of stress on cognitive performance.
• Cognitive decline in aging populations.
• Emotion and memory recall.
• False memories and eyewitness testimony.
• Cognitive processes in creativity.
• Cognitive aspects of decision-making in healthcare.
• The psychology of expertise and skill acquisition.
• Cognitive factors in reading comprehension.
• The role of schemas in information processing.
• Cognitive development in infants.
• Cognitive rehabilitation after brain injury.
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functions.
• Neural mechanisms of perception and visual attention.
• The psychology of problem-solving in artificial intelligence.
• Cognitive aspects of mathematical reasoning.
• Neural plasticity and cognitive recovery.
• Cognitive load and its impact on learning.
• Memory consolidation during sleep.
• Attentional disorders and their impact on cognitive functioning.
• The influence of music on cognitive processes.
• Cognitive development in bilingual individuals.
• Cognitive aspects of decision-making in criminal behavior.
• Neural correlates of cognitive control.
• The psychology of cognitive biases in politics.
• Cognitive effects of mindfulness meditation.
• The part working memory plays in academic success.
• Cognitive processes in language acquisition.
• Cognitive factors in problem gambling behavior.
• The psychology of cognitive development in children with autism.
• Cognitive aspects of spatial navigation.
• Memory distortions and the courtroom.
• Neural basis of cognitive dissonance.
• Cognitive aspects of social perception.
• Cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s disease.

40+ Social Psychology Research Topics

• The impact of social media on self-esteem.
• Groupthink and decision-making.
• Stereotype threat in academic settings.
• Bystander effect in emergencies.
• Cross-cultural perspectives on conformity.
• Online dating and self-presentation.
• The psychology of social influence.
• The role of empathy in prosocial behavior.
• Social identity and intergroup relations.
• Aggression and video game exposure.
• Prejudice and discrimination in modern society.
• The influence of social norms on behavior.
• Attitudes and attitude change.
• Social support and mental health.
• Obedience to authority figures.
• Social comparison and self-concept.
• The psychology of attraction and relationships.
• The bystander intervention model.
• Body image and social media.
• Political polarization and social psychology.
• The psychology of fake news and misinformation.
• Emotional contagion and social interactions.
• Stereotyping in the workplace.
• Consequences of cyberbullying.
• The impact of group dynamics on creativity.
• Gender roles and socialization.
• The role of humor in social interactions.
• Social factors in decision-making and risk-taking.
• Altruism and volunteerism.
• The psychology of leadership and authority.
• Social exclusion and its effects on individuals.
• The relationship between religion and prosocial behavior.
• Social influence in marketing and advertising.
• Online activism and social change.
• The psychology of online communities and forums.
• Attachment styles and adult relationships.
• Social perceptions of beauty and attractiveness.
• Social isolation’s negative consequences on mental health.
• The psychology of public speaking anxiety.
• The role of forgiveness in interpersonal relationships.

40+ Clinical Psychology Research Topics

• Effects of childhood trauma on mental health in adults.
• Efficacy of virtual therapy for treating anxiety disorders.
• Exploring the genetics of schizophrenia.
• Effects of mindfulness meditation on depression.
• Cultural factors in the diagnosis of eating disorders.
• Examining the link between sleep disorders and mood disorders.
• Assessing the effectiveness of group therapy for substance abuse.
• The role of attachment in borderline personality disorder.
• Investigating the stigma surrounding mental illness.
• Treating PTSD in veterans through exposure therapy.
• Neurobiological basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
• Parent-child relationships and their impact on conduct disorder.
• Gender differences in the prevalence of depression.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
• Psychopharmacology and treatment-resistant depression.
• The psychology of self-harm and self-injury.
• Internet addiction and its connection to mental health.
• Assessing the efficacy of art therapy for PTSD.
• Personality disorders and their impact on interpersonal relationships.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in treating borderline personality disorder.
• Factors contributing to the rise in adolescent depression.
• Exploring the link between childhood abuse and dissociative identity disorder.
• Cross-cultural perspectives on the diagnosis of ADHD.
• The role of serotonin in mood disorders.
• Mindfulness-based stress reduction in chronic pain management.
• Impact of family dynamics on eating disorders in adolescents.
• Examining the long-term effects of child neglect on adult mental health.
• Psychosocial factors in the development of schizophrenia.
• Gender dysphoria and psychological well-being.
• The psychology of resilience in cancer patients.
• Attachment styles and their influence on adult relationships.
• Virtual reality exposure therapy for phobias.
• Exploring the effectiveness of equine therapy for trauma survivors.
• Autism spectrum disorders and early intervention.
• Body image dissatisfaction and its link to eating disorders.
• The psychological impact of chronic illness.
• Cognitive rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury.
• Sleep disorders in children and their impact on academic performance.
• The role of social support in recovery from substance abuse.
• Neuropsychological assessment in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.

40+ Developmental Psychology Research Topics

• The impact of parental divorce on child development.
• Adolescents’ self-identity and social media.
• Long-term effects of early childhood attachment on adult relationships.
• Gender identity development in children.
• The influence of birth order on personality development.
• The role of genetics in language development.
• Autism spectrum disorder interventions for toddlers.
• Adolescent peer pressure and substance abuse.
• The impact of bullying on psychological development.
• Sibling rivalry and its long-term effects.
• Parenting styles and their influence on children’s behavior.
• The development of moral reasoning in children.
• Influence of cultural factors on child development.
• Attachment theory and foster care outcomes.
• The impact of technology on cognitive development in children.
• Children’s understanding of death and grief.
• Cognitive development in bilingual children.
• The role of play in early childhood development.
• Attachment disorders and interventions in adopted children.
• The development of emotional intelligence in adolescents.
• The impact of poverty on child development.
• The relationship between nutrition and cognitive development.
• Bullying prevention and intervention programs in schools.
• The role of grandparents in child development.
• Developmental aspects of sibling relationships.
• Child prodigies and their psychological development.
• Gender stereotypes and their influence on children’s aspirations.
• The effects of early education on academic success.
• Cognitive development in children with learning disabilities.
• The impact of divorce on young adults’ romantic relationships.
• Parent-child communication about sex education.
• Adolescents’ body image and its influence on self-esteem.
• Influence of peer relationships on early social development.
• The role of extracurricular activities in adolescent development.
• Long-term outcomes for children in same-sex parent families.
• Cognitive development in children with ADHD.
• The effects of early exposure to screens on cognitive development.
• The role of attachment in adolescent mental health.
• Identity development in multicultural children.

40+ Biological Psychology Research Topics

• The neural basis of addiction and substance abuse.
• The role of genetics in personality traits.
• Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function.
• Exploring the gut-brain connection and its impact on mental health.
• Neural mechanisms of stress and its long-term effects.
• The relationship between brain structure and intelligence.
• The impact of exercise on brain health and cognition.
• Neurobiological factors in eating disorders.
• Neural pathways involved in fear and anxiety.
• The influence of hormones on behavior and mood.
• Neuroplasticity and its implications for recovery after brain injuries.
• The biology of memory and amnesia.
• Understanding the neurological basis of schizophrenia.
• The role of neurotransmitters in depression.
• The impact of aging on brain structure and function.
• Neural mechanisms underlying aggression and violence.
• Brain imaging techniques and their applications in research.
• The effects of prenatal exposure to toxins on brain development.
• Neurological aspects of autism spectrum disorders.
• Brain changes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
• The genetics of Alzheimer’s disease.
• Neurobiology of consciousness and altered states of consciousness.
• The role of the amygdala in emotional processing.
• Neural mechanisms of sexual attraction and orientation.
• The impact of nutrition on brain development and function.
• Brain regions involved in decision-making and impulsivity.
• Neurological factors in Tourette’s syndrome.
• The biology of reward and motivation.
• Neural correlates of empathy and social cognition.
• Genetic predisposition to addiction.
• The influence of hormones on maternal behavior.
• The neurological basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Adolescent brain development and the effects on behavior.
• The prefrontal cortex’s function in executive tasks.
• Linguistic disorders and language neuroscience.
• Neuroinflammation’s effects on mental health.
• Mechanisms in the brain that affect sensory perception.
• Neurological and genetic influences on bipolar disorder.
• The impact of persistent pain on brain development and function.
• The endocannabinoid system’s function in controlling mood.

Research Methodology for Psychology Topics

Understanding various research methodologies is key to conducting a successful study. Whether you opt for experimental designs, surveys, case studies, or sophisticated data analysis, each method offers unique insights. Choose the methodology that aligns with your research questions and objectives, ensuring a robust and reliable study.

Resources for Psychology Research

In the digital age, a wealth of resources for psychology topics to research is at your fingertips. Utilize academic journals, databases, books, and online courses to enhance your understanding. 

Engage with professional organizations and attend conferences to stay updated with the latest research trends and network with fellow enthusiasts.

Tips for Successful Psychology Topics for Research

• Choose a Fascinating Topic: Select a research topic that genuinely interests you. Your passion and curiosity will drive your motivation and engagement throughout the research process.
• Narrow Your Focus: Refine your research question to ensure it’s specific and manageable. A focused question will lead to more meaningful and in-depth findings.
• Conduct a Thorough Literature Review: Familiarize yourself with existing research in your chosen area. This helps you build on prior knowledge and identify gaps in the literature.
• Hypothesize and Predict: Develop clear hypotheses and predictions for your study. This sets the direction for your research and provides a framework for data collection and analysis.
• Choose the Right Research Method: Select the research method that best suits your research question, whether it’s experiments, surveys, interviews, or case studies.
• Ethical Considerations: Prioritize ethical guidelines in your research, including obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and avoiding harm to participants.
• Sample Selection: Carefully choose your sample to make sure it’s representative of the population you’re studying. Consider factors like age, gender, and cultural diversity.
• Data Collection: Collect data systematically and ensure its accuracy and reliability. Use well-established measurement tools when applicable.
• Data Analysis: Employ appropriate statistical techniques to analyze your data. Make use of software like SPSS or R for thorough analysis.
• Interpret Results Objectively: Avoid confirmation bias and interpret your results objectively, even if they don’t align with your initial hypotheses.
• Discuss Limitations: Acknowledge the limitations of your study in your research paper. This demonstrates your awareness of potential weaknesses and strengthens your research’s credibility.
• Contribute to the Field: Highlight the significance of your research and how it contributes to the broader field of psychology. What does it add to existing knowledge?
• Write Clearly and Concisely: Communicate your findings in a clear, concise, and well-structured manner. Use APA or other relevant style guides for formatting.
• Peer Review: Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or professors. Peer review can help identify blind spots and improve the quality of your work.
• Stay Organized: Maintain detailed records of your research process, including notes, data, and references. Organization is key to successful research.
• Time Management: Plan your research timeline carefully, allocating sufficient time for each stage, from literature review to data collection and analysis.
• Persevere: Research often involves setbacks and challenges. Stay persistent, adapt when necessary, and remain dedicated to your research goals.
• Publish and Share: Consider presenting your research at conferences and seek opportunities for publication in academic journals . Sharing your findings contributes to the advancement of the field.
• Stay Informed: Keep up with the latest research trends and developments in psychology. Attend conferences and join professional organizations to stay connected with the academic community.
• Collaborate: Don’t hesitate to collaborate with other researchers, as teamwork can lead to valuable insights and more significant research outcomes.

Choosing the psychology topics to research is akin to embarking on an adventure into the depths of the human mind. Each topic holds the potential to unravel mysteries, challenge assumptions, and make a meaningful impact on individuals and society. 

As you venture into this realm, remember that your curiosity and dedication are your greatest assets. Embrace the journey, learn from every step, and let your research contribute to the ever-expanding tapestry of psychological knowledge. Happy researching!

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50+ Topics for Psychology Research Papers

Categories Psychology Education

If you have ever had to write a paper for one of your psychology classes, then you probably know that choosing psychology paper topics can sometimes be tricky. Fortunately, there are plenty of great topics for psychology research papers to help you finish your assignment.

Keep reading to learn more about how to find topics for psychology research papers and find inspiration to help you get started.

Table of Contents

How to Choose Topics for Psychology Research Papers

If you are going to write a psychology paper, the first thing you need to do is pick a good topic. This is often easier said than done.

In some cases, your instructor might assign you topics for psychology research papers, or at least narrow your range of options by providing a general subject area on which to focus your paper.

But in many cases, choosing the topic of your psychology paper is entirely up to you—and that’s where things can get tricky. How do you choose a great topic? What if you pick something too specific and struggle to find sources? Or what if you go too broad and end up biting off more than you can chew?

Following a few simple steps can make the topic selection process a lot easier.

Choose a General Subject

Part of what makes picking a topic for a psychology paper so difficult is how overwhelmed you are by the information you feel. Make it easier on yourself by restricting your options to at least a general topic area.

Narrow Down to a More Specific Topic

Once you’ve chosen a general area, you can then narrow topics for psychology research papers down to something much more specific and manageable.

For example, you might start by deciding that you want to write your paper on a topic within a specific branch of psychology . From there you might further narrow your focus down to a much narrower subject area within that branch

So, imagine that you’re writing a psychology research paper in your general psychology course. Your instructor has given you free rein to select any topic you please, so you begin by deciding to write your paper on a social psychology topic.

Now that you have a general idea, you drill down further and decide to research and write your paper on how prejudice forms and ways to minimize it.

General Topics for Psychology Research Papers

Because general psychology classes cover such a wide range of topics, you have a very large selection of subject ideas to choose from. Start by choosing a general topic, and then narrow your focus down so that you can fully cover the subject.

Some ideas include:

• An issue paper:  Tackle one of the current issues in psychology, such as parity in mental health care or involving psychologists in military interrogations.
• Profile a famous psychologist:  Select a well-known  psychologist  and then write a profile exploring his or her life, theories, and career.
• Explore a well-known psychology experiment:  Write a paper on a classic psychology study, such as the Milgram Obedience Experiment or the Stanford Prison Experiment.
• Write about a topic within personality psychology:   Personality psychology focuses on the traits and dispositions that contribute to overall personality. This is one of the largest topics within psychology so there are plenty of fascinating research topics from which to choose. Some specific topics that might interest you include whether personality can change, different theories of personality development and the  Big Five theory of personality.

Specific Topics for Psychology Research Papers

You might also want to choose topics for psychology research papers that are related to a specific branch of psychology. Some options that you might consider include:

Clinical Psychology

• How effective is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating specific phobias?
• What is the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder?
• How do medication and psychotherapy compare in the treatment of depression?
• How does social media affect teen mental health?

Developmental Psychology

• How do parenting styles influence child development?
• What are the long-term effects of early childhood education?
• What role does play have in cognitive development?
• What effect does having siblings have on developmental outcomes?

Cognitive Psychology

• How does sleep deprivation influence the memory consolidation process?
• What impact does aging have on cognitive functioning?
• How does exercise impact working memory?
• Does learning a second language have cognitive benefits?

Social Psychology

• What effect does discrimination have on self-esteem?
• How does self-presentation online differ from self-presentation in real-world settings?
• How do leadership styles influence productivity in groups?

Okay, let’s just imagine that you’re having a bad case of writer’s block. You understand the basic approach for picking a good topic, but nothing seems to be catching your interest. You’re looking for some more inspiration to get you started.

Here are just a few great topics for psychology papers that you might want to consider:

Controversial Topics for Psychology Research Papers

The history of psychology is not always positive, and if you enjoy writing about controversial topics, psychology’s history is rich with material.

• The use of lobotomies to treat mental illness
• The history of mental asylums in the United States
• The use and effects of electroconvulsive therapy
• Conversion therapy and its damaging effects
• Attachment therapy
• Controversial experiments such as Milgram’s obedience experiment or Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment
• The debate over the nature of intelligence
• The impact of the eugenics movement on psychology
• Controversies surrounding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Disorder Topics for Psychology Research Papers

Writing about the history, prevalence, and treatment of a specific mental condition can be an interesting topic for a psychology paper. Some options you might consider include:

• Eating disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Borderline personality disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Substance abuse and addictions
• Developmental disorders

Other Great Topics for Psychology Research Papers

Here is a sampling of topics that you might consider:

• How attitudes form
• How bullying affects children
• How people use nonverbal communication
• Factors that can affect prenatal development
• How media violence influences children’s behavior
• How parenting styles influence child development
• How does intrinsic motivation influence learning
• How does mindset impact academic achievement
• What factors influence IQ and is it possible to increase IQ
• Factors that influence self-actualization
• Is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs still relevant today
• How does perfectionism impact mental well-being
• Different theories of personality
• How different leadership styles influence the success of groups
• Profile a specific career in psychology

As you can see, your options for psychology paper topics are really only limited by your own imagination (and the specific guidelines issued by your instructor, of course). Spend some time thinking about topics that really interest you, then narrow your focus to hone in on a specific idea.

Finally, always be sure to run your chosen topic by your instructor. He or she may be able to offer suggestions that can help you during your research and make it much easier to write an outstanding psychology paper.

Research Paper Guide

Psychology Research Topics

Last updated on: Dec 19, 2023

Psychology Research Topics - 170+ Ideas for Your Paper

By: Nathan D.

17 min read

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Feb 10, 2023

Choosing psychology research topics is not as easy as one might think. If you have to write a good research paper, choosing a good topic is the foremost step. You may have several ideas in your mind while thinking of a topic for the research paper.

Good  research paper writing  needs a good topic. If you have chosen a broad topic, you will have to do a lot of research and background study. It is better to choose a narrow topic to focus on a particular subject while researching and writing.

Psychology is a vast subject that discusses different multidisciplinary issues and brings together a wide range of topics.

You can conduct analysis and research before deciding your topic. This is the reason that it is better to go for a narrow topic. It is also easier for the researcher to research the topic in psychology and conduct analysis with proper details.

On this Page

How to Choose a Topic?

You can choose a topic from any social branch of psychology. You can also select a topic that is related to some sort of mental illness or mental disorder.

The topic may be complex and require a lot of research and analytical study. But the writer can cover all the aspects of the specific topic.

Choosing a good topic is the essential step when you start writing a research proposal. An interesting and new topic is what catches your teacher’s attention. And it gets your idea accepted, apart from, of course, a well-written proposal itself.

Studying some good psychology topics for your papers is the first step when conducting research. Once you have selected the topic, the next step is writing the research paper.

Discover Captivating Topics in a Click!

Psychology Research Topics For High School Students

High school students often explore psychology through research as a great way to learn more. With so many interesting topic, it can be hard to decide which one to study. 

Here are some ideas for psychological research topics that may help narrow down your search.

• How does color affect human behavior?
• Examine the mental health of children with disabilities
• Analyzing the effects of racism on an individual's mental health 
• The role of technology in student learning
• Investigating the correlation between depression and social media usage 
• Is there a connection between video games and violence?
• Understanding the impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior 
• Exploring gender identity in adolescence 
• How does sleep deprivation affect mental health?
• Examine the psychological effects of media consumption on teenagers

Psychology Research Topics for College Students

If you are a psychology student struggling to develop a topic for your research, the following ideas will be helpful. The professional writers of 5StarEssays.com have gathered some exceptional topics to help college students draft compelling papers.

• The social identity theory of Tajfel and Turner.
• Significance of strong self-perception?
• REM phase and continuous sleep disruption.
• How does the brain function when a person is in love?
• Differences in the functioning of the brain of a man and woman.
• How do different forms of amnesia damage brain activity?
• Can PTSD lead to Alzheimer’s disease?
• Impact of yoga on human psychology.
• An autistic brain under MRI.
• Causes and effects of sleep paralysis
• How to treat multiple personality disorders?
• Symptoms and treatment of ADHD
• Social factors that trigger panic attacks.
• Symptoms, causes, and treatment of dementia
• Similarities and differences among midlife crises of a man and a woman.

Research Topics In Psychology For University Students

Psychology allows us to explore the depths of human behavior and gain insight into why people think, feel, and act the way they do. For university students interested in exploring this area further, there are many interesting research topics to choose from. 

Here are some options to consider:

• The Role of Genetics in Mental Health
• How Technology Impacts Mental Health Outcomes
• The Psychological Impact of Racism
• Cyberbullying Prevention Strategies
• Sleep and Memory
• The Influence of Social Media on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem
• The Effects of Music on Emotion
• Mental Health Stigma in the Workplace
• The Role of Gender in Mental Health
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a Treatment for Stress

Criminal Psychology Research Paper Topics

• The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Criminal Behavior 
• Examining the Impact of Poverty and Socioeconomic Disadvantage on Crime Rates 
• Exploring the Role of Technology in Modern Day Crime 
• Investigating Media Portrayals of Criminals and their Effectiveness 
• Analyzing Trends and Patterns in Juvenile Delinquency 
• Examining the Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment Programs on Criminal Behavior 
• Understanding the Relationship between Mental Illness and Crime 
• Exploring Effective Strategies for Rehabilitating Criminals in Prisons 
• Investigating the Impact of Religion on Criminal Mindsets 
• Examining Gender Differences in Criminal Behavior 

Biological Psychology Research Paper Topics

• The Role of Neurotransmitters in Emotional Regulation 
• Brain Development and the Impact of Early Childhood Experiences 
• Exploring Neural Network Connectivity and Its Role in Behavior 
• How Do Cortical Mechanisms Contribute to Cognitive Processes? 
• The Effects of Stress on Memory Formation 
• The Impact of Social Interactions on the Development of Mental Illness 
• Examine the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Functioning 
• Investigating Neuroplasticity in Response to Environmental Stimuli 
• Exploring Hormone-Induced Changes in Brain Activity  
• The Role of Neurotransmitters in Addiction 
• Exploring Sex Differences in Brain Circuitry and its Impact on Behavior.

Social Psychology Research Topics

• Racism and its effects
• What is Homophobia?
• Social issues involving or related to culture
• What is social depression?
• What is social cognition?
• How does social anxiety affect people?
• Gender roles in our society
• Gender discrimination and its causes
• How does peer pressure affect teenagers?
• Effect of marital disputes on children
• How do violent video games affect children and their brain development?
• Effect of violent cartoons on children's behavior and mental state
• How does divorce affect the emotional development of a child?
• Social anxiety and social depression on an introverted child
• How does bullying affect the social interaction of teenagers in high school or college?

Cognitive Psychology Research Topics

• What are the effects of attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder on the development of a child?
• Discuss the effects of Autism.
• How is color psychology effective in cognitive development studies?
• What is the attention span, and how to measure it?
• Memory loss and different ways to recover it
• How do memories affect the behavior of individuals?
• Which factors can help improve problem-solving abilities in children?
• What is a speech disorder, and how does it affect cognitive development?
• What is critical thinking, and how to measure its ability in cognitive psychology?
• How can subconsciousness affect decision-making ability?
• Increasing violence among teenagers and children
• What causes bullying behavior among children?
• Factors that can contribute to delay in the mental development of a child.
• The effect of romantic movies on a child
• Is single parenting suitable for a child’s mental development?

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Controversial Psychology Research Paper Topics

• The influence of video games on aggression in teenagers
• Gender roles in society: An analysis of stereotypes
• The impact of race and ethnicity on mental health
• The effects of television violence on children’s behavior
• Attitudes towards death penalty: Should it be abolished?
• Causes and effects of anxiety disorders
• The effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating depression
• The role of media in promoting body image dissatisfaction among youth
• Is intelligence determined mainly by genetics or environment?
• Impact of poverty on psychological development
• Workplace bullying and its consequences for employees’ mental health 

Cultural Psychology Research Paper Topics

• Analyzing the Role of Social Communication Platforms in Shaping Culture 
• Examining the Impact of Cultural Diversity on Mental Health 
• Exploring Linguistic Influences on Cognitive Development 
• Investigating How Media Portrayal Affects Cultural Expectations and Ideologies 
• Assessing the Influence of Different Cultural Values on Identity Development 
• Studying the Relationship between Cultural Practices and Gender Roles 
• Examining Intergenerational Transmission of Culture through Family Dynamics 
• Analyzing the Effects of Political and Economic Structures on Cultural Beliefs and Behaviors 
• Understanding How Social Norms Impact Moral Decision Making 
• Investigating the Impact of Religion on Cultural Attitudes and Practices 

Developmental Psychology Research Topics

• Bullying and its effect on mental development.
• The role of media and cartoons in increasing violence.
• How violent video games and cartoons can make children violent?
• Underlying causes that can create a serial killer
• Causes of increase in the psychopathic behavior of teenagers and youth
• Stereotypes and gender roles in our society
• Abusive parents and child development
• Effects of child abuse on the mental development of a child
• Factors that can accelerate the aging process
• Is psychology related to the aging process?
• Long term effects of mental health issues
• How can drugs affect our youth’s mental health in the long run?
• The effects of medication on your mental health
• Effects of postpartum depression on mental health
• How does sleeping disorder lead to other mental illnesses?

Found a topic to write about but don’t know how to start? Here’s an informative video on how to write your research paper.

Abnormal Psychology Research Topics

• What are the causes of the increasing anorexia rate in children?
• Causes of anorexia in adults
• Causes of anxiety disorder and how to overcome it
• Why is there an increase in eating disorders among the youth?
• What are the factors that contribute to an eating disorder?
• Is lying related to the psychology of a person?
• Causes of the rise in teenage suicides
• Is asexuality related to the psychology of a person?
• Psychology and suicidal thoughts
• How to control anxiety and depressing thoughts regarding death?
• What factors can cause multiple personality disorders?
• Violent video games are a cause of mood disorders among children.
• Reasons for phobias and how to deal with them
• Causes of PTSD in offices or workplace
• Is stalking considered a psychological disorder?

Clinical Psychology Research Topics

• Psychology can be used to get control of chronic pain.
• Recent studies suggest that anxiety and panic attacks can be treated using cognitive therapy.
• Is behavioral therapy effective in treating criminals?
• Antidepressants can be addictive, and their usage should be avoided.
• Factors that contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder
• What are the therapy practices effective in dealing with depression?
• Effect of an abusive relationship on the psychology of the victim
• Are antidepressants effective as a remedy for therapy?
• Insomnia – How to treat it in a clinical scenario?
• Which therapy practices are effective in treating addictions?
• Panic attacks and anxiety disorder - How to treat them through therapies?
• Psychological disorders and their clinical treatments
• Causes of Social anxiety and how to treat them?
• Phobias and Paranoias - Treatment through medication and therapy.
• Schizophrenia and the recommended therapies.

Child Psychology Research Topics

• Describe the legal, ethical, and psychological aspects of adoption.
• Negligence of parents is the main cause of childhood obesity. Agreed?
• What are the reasons behind the rising depression in children?
• Explain the introvert personality. What are the consequences of being an introvert, especially in children?
• What are the psychological effects of child abuse? Explain the preventive and remedial measures of childhood abuse.
• What are the consequences of a self-centered mother on a child’s mental wellbeing?
• Explain the phases of a child’s psychological development and growth.
• Does the birth order have any effect on a child’s personality and accomplishments? If yes, then explain how and why?
• How do violent music and video games impact a child’s behavior and mind?
• What are the different kinds of torture, and what are their effects on a child’s mind and adult life?
• Causes of increasing depression among the youth
• What are the physical symptoms of a mental disorder in children?
• Causes of antisocial behavior among teenagers
• Causes and effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children
• Impact of spanking on child’s psychology.

Sports Psychology Research Topics

• What are the future trends in sports psychology? Explain the arguments in light of the high chances of head injuries in football, hockey, and rugby.
• What are the recent changes in team sport and locker room dynamics in sports? Explain your claims with solid evidence and present some future implications also.
• What are the reasons for low health in low-income neighborhoods? How can we use sports and physical activities to promote good health?
• What are the effects and role of the Olympics in promoting sports in the nations that are not active in sports due to underfunding? How can they change their state and invest in games?
• What role do the psychological tests play in determining whether a new athlete coming from the collegiate level will be prone to steroids or violence?
• What are the psychological implications of having a well-known coach on the team? Does it matter if the coach is famous?
• What are the problems faced by young and new coaches? Do they feel pressured and are more prone to injuries? State the reasons with examples.
• Explain the term team chemistry. What is the role of team chemistry in building a sound team and supporting the teammates?
• What are the tactics that athletes can use to control and manage their emotions effectively? Discuss the role of negative emotions in violent sports like boxing.
• How has sport psychology evolved in the last twenty years?
• Significance of sports psychology to promote mental health.
• Effects of steroids on the mental activity of athletes. How does it negatively affect you? What can be done to avoid it?
• Relationship issues and the sports performance of an athlete. How are they related?
• Are panic attacks common in a sportsman’s life? How to deal with them?
• How does a sleeping disorder influence the stamina of the sportsman?

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Experimental Psychology Research Topics

• Can colors play a role in enhancing a person’s mood? Explain how the color blue can make a person feel relaxed and calm.
• Explain the notorious human experiments in history. What are their ethical shortcomings?
• What is the impact of breakfast on a person's overall day-to-day activities?
• What is the relationship between the use of social media and the rising cases of violence in adolescents?
• It is said that geniuses are made, not born. How true is this statement?
• Explain the term Mood Freezing and its implications.
• What is hindsight bias, and how can it be prevented?
• What is a double foot-in-door, and how is it used to manipulate someone?
• What affects the heuristic? Explain it with examples.
• Human cloning can be the answer for childless couples. How true is the statement?
• Causes and effects of dehumanization in Stanford prison.
• Analysis of Milgram’s shock experiment on the unfamiliar environment.
• How can aggression be controlled?
• Obedience and compliance as a function of social status.
• How does group belonging influence an individual’s behavior?

Forensic Psychology Research Topics

• The increasing susceptibility that has led to more home-grown terrorists emerging
• The effectiveness of rehabilitation in prisons and the criminal justice system
• Juvenile murders and what factors affect areas with higher rates of murders carried out by children.
• How does a role in law enforcement impact an individual’s private life?
• Is enough being done to minimize the risks of those in special education ending up in the penal system?
• What is the cause of mass killings in the U.S.?
• Is society neglecting domestic violence that is aimed towards men?
• Explain the role of the internet, movies, and video games in augmenting copycat crimes.
• What is internet police? Explain some useful strategies for effective internet policing.
• What is the role of upbringing in preventing the making of a serial killer? Can a better upbringing prevent it?
• Rules of conduct to follow by the forensic psychologist in the court.
• Risk factors for unreliable evidence.
• Reliability and legitimacy of an eyewitness’s memory.
• The credibility of the statement of a mentally challenged eyewitness.
• Rules to follow by psychologists when verbally interacting with criminals in court.

Interesting Psychology Research Topics

• The effects of media exposure on mental health 
• The role of social media in the formation of relationships 
• How childhood experiences shape personality development 
• The impact of personality traits on academic performance 
• Relationship between drug use and criminal behavior 
• Understanding the motivations behind substance abuse 
• The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy 
• Exploring the effects of different parenting styles 
• Investigating the role of memory in decision making 
• Examining gender roles and their impact on behavior 
• Analyzing the relationships between emotion and cognition

Another easy way to choose psychology research paper topics for your research paper is to write about a famous historical person.

The topic, as narrow as it is, allows the researcher to focus on specific areas. You can also choose to research and write about a psychology career. A case study on an individual by providing a detailed analysis using your research techniques will be great.

Some additional  research paper topics  will help you carry out meaningful and interesting research.

Tips to Write a Research Paper

However, there are no universal processes for writing a good research paper, but you can follow the following steps:

1. Develop an outline

Before you start writing your research paper, it’s important to develop an outline that will guide your writing process.  An outline should include the main points and arguments you want to make throughout the paper. It will help keep your ideas organized and help you stay on track.

2. Research thoroughly

Research is the most important part of writing a research paper. 

Make sure you do your due diligence in researching thoroughly and that you’re gathering reliable sources from trusted experts or academics.

3. Develop a thesis statement

Once you have researched, it’s time to develop a thesis statement that’ll act as the main argument throughout your paper. This should be clear and concise while still conveying all the most important points you want to make.

4. Write a first draft

Once you’ve developed an outline and a thesis statement, it’s time to start writing your first draft. This is where you can really get creative and start fleshing out your ideas and arguments in full sentences. 

Remember not to get too bogged down in the details. Just focus on getting your ideas on paper.

5. Use citations

Once you’ve finished your research, it’s important to correctly cite all your sources. 

This will ensure that you’re giving credit where it’s due. It will also help your readers verify the accuracy of your research.

6. Revise and proofread

Once you’ve finished your first draft, it’s time to go back over it and make any necessary revisions or edits. Make sure that all of your arguments are still clear and supported by evidence and that your paper flows in a logical and coherent manner. 

Additionally, make sure you check for any typos, spelling errors, and grammatical mistakes.

After you’ve revised and proofread your research paper, it’s time to submit it! 

Make sure that you follow all the required submission guidelines of the publication or professor you’re submitting to.

Let’s sum it up!

Writing a research paper can seem like an arduous task, but you can write a winning paper with enough determination and focus. Remember to always back up your points with evidence and create a logical flow in order for your message to be effectively communicated. 

With hard work and dedication, you can create an impactful research paper that will engage your readers. So make sure to take the time to hone your skills and craft a compelling piece of writing!

If you need help, here is a complete guide to writing a research paper that includes everything you need to write a perfect paper. 

Not every student has the writing skills or time to dedicate to a research paper. In this case, seeking help from professional writers is the best available option.

5StarEssays.com has a team of professional writers who can write high-quality academic papers, including term papers to custom essays. Ask our writers to ‘ write my essay ’ and avail of all the professional services.

Our professional essay writers have exceptional writing skills, and they can help you with writing assignments within your deadline.

You can also check out AI essay typer and generate parts of your research paper through it with accurate citations to use as reference. 

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Nathan completed his Ph.D. in journalism and has been writing articles for well-respected publications for many years now. His work is carefully researched and insightful, showing a true passion for the written word. Nathan's clients appreciate his expertise, deep understanding of the process, and ability to communicate difficult concepts clearly.

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Research Topics & Ideas: Mental Health

100+ Mental Health Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

If you’re just starting out exploring mental health topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of mental health-related research topics and ideas.

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Mental Health Topic Ideas

• Mood disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Psychotic disorders
• Personality disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive disorders
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Eating disorders
• Substance-related disorders

Mood Disorders

Research in mood disorders can help understand their causes and improve treatment methods. Here are a few ideas to get you started.

• The impact of genetics on the susceptibility to depression
• Efficacy of antidepressants vs. cognitive behavioural therapy
• The role of gut microbiota in mood regulation
• Cultural variations in the experience and diagnosis of bipolar disorder
• Seasonal Affective Disorder: Environmental factors and treatment
• The link between depression and chronic illnesses
• Exercise as an adjunct treatment for mood disorders
• Hormonal changes and mood swings in postpartum women
• Stigma around mood disorders in the workplace
• Suicidal tendencies among patients with severe mood disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Research topics in this category can potentially explore the triggers, coping mechanisms, or treatment efficacy for anxiety disorders.

• The relationship between social media and anxiety
• Exposure therapy effectiveness in treating phobias
• Generalised Anxiety Disorder in children: Early signs and interventions
• The role of mindfulness in treating anxiety
• Genetics and heritability of anxiety disorders
• The link between anxiety disorders and heart disease
• Anxiety prevalence in LGBTQ+ communities
• Caffeine consumption and its impact on anxiety levels
• The economic cost of untreated anxiety disorders
• Virtual Reality as a treatment method for anxiety disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Within this space, your research topic could potentially aim to investigate the underlying factors and treatment possibilities for psychotic disorders.

• Early signs and interventions in adolescent psychosis
• Brain imaging techniques for diagnosing psychotic disorders
• The efficacy of antipsychotic medication
• The role of family history in psychotic disorders
• Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of psychotic disorders
• Co-morbidity of psychotic and mood disorders
• The relationship between substance abuse and psychotic disorders
• Art therapy as a treatment for schizophrenia
• Public perception and stigma around psychotic disorders
• Hospital vs. community-based care for psychotic disorders

Personality Disorders

Research topics within in this area could delve into the identification, management, and social implications of personality disorders.

• Long-term outcomes of borderline personality disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder and criminal behaviour
• The role of early life experiences in developing personality disorders
• Narcissistic personality disorder in corporate leaders
• Gender differences in personality disorders
• Diagnosis challenges for Cluster A personality disorders
• Emotional intelligence and its role in treating personality disorders
• Psychotherapy methods for treating personality disorders
• Personality disorders in the elderly population
• Stigma and misconceptions about personality disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Within this space, research topics could focus on the causes, symptoms, or treatment of disorders like OCD and hoarding.

• OCD and its relationship with anxiety disorders
• Cognitive mechanisms behind hoarding behaviour
• Deep Brain Stimulation as a treatment for severe OCD
• The impact of OCD on academic performance in students
• Role of family and social networks in treating OCD
• Alternative treatments for hoarding disorder
• Childhood onset OCD: Diagnosis and treatment
• OCD and religious obsessions
• The impact of OCD on family dynamics
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Causes and treatment

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Research topics in this area could explore the triggers, symptoms, and treatments for PTSD. Here are some thought starters to get you moving.

• PTSD in military veterans: Coping mechanisms and treatment
• Childhood trauma and adult onset PTSD
• Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy
• Role of emotional support animals in treating PTSD
• Gender differences in PTSD occurrence and treatment
• Effectiveness of group therapy for PTSD patients
• PTSD and substance abuse: A dual diagnosis
• First responders and rates of PTSD
• Domestic violence as a cause of PTSD
• The neurobiology of PTSD

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This category of mental health aims to better understand disorders like Autism and ADHD and their impact on day-to-day life.

• Early diagnosis and interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder
• ADHD medication and its impact on academic performance
• Parental coping strategies for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
• Autism and gender: Diagnosis disparities
• The role of diet in managing ADHD symptoms
• Neurodevelopmental disorders in the criminal justice system
• Genetic factors influencing Autism
• ADHD and its relationship with sleep disorders
• Educational adaptations for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
• Neurodevelopmental disorders and stigma in schools

Eating Disorders

Research topics within this space can explore the psychological, social, and biological aspects of eating disorders.

• The role of social media in promoting eating disorders
• Family dynamics and their impact on anorexia
• Biological basis of binge-eating disorder
• Treatment outcomes for bulimia nervosa
• Eating disorders in athletes
• Media portrayal of body image and its impact
• Eating disorders and gender: Are men underdiagnosed?
• Cultural variations in eating disorders
• The relationship between obesity and eating disorders
• Eating disorders in the LGBTQ+ community

Substance-Related Disorders

Research topics in this category can focus on addiction mechanisms, treatment options, and social implications.

• Efficacy of rehabilitation centres for alcohol addiction
• The role of genetics in substance abuse
• Substance abuse and its impact on family dynamics
• Prescription drug abuse among the elderly
• Legalisation of marijuana and its impact on substance abuse rates
• Alcoholism and its relationship with liver diseases
• Opioid crisis: Causes and solutions
• Substance abuse education in schools: Is it effective?
• Harm reduction strategies for drug abuse
• Co-occurring mental health disorders in substance abusers

Choosing A Research Topic

These research topic ideas we’ve covered here serve as thought starters to help you explore different areas within mental health. They are intentionally very broad and open-ended. By engaging with the currently literature in your field of interest, you’ll be able to narrow down your focus to a specific research gap .

It’s important to consider a variety of factors when choosing a topic for your dissertation or thesis . Think about the relevance of the topic, its feasibility , and the resources available to you, including time, data, and academic guidance. Also, consider your own interest and expertise in the subject, as this will sustain you through the research process.

Always consult with your academic advisor to ensure that your chosen topic aligns with academic requirements and offers a meaningful contribution to the field. If you need help choosing a topic, consider our private coaching service.

Good morning everyone. This are very patent topics for research in neuroscience. Thank you for guidance

What if everything is important, original and intresting? as in Neuroscience. I find myself overwhelmd with tens of relveant areas and within each area many optional topics. I ask myself if importance (for example – able to treat people suffering) is more relevant than what intrest me, and on the other hand if what advance me further in my career should not also be a consideration?

This information is really helpful and have learnt alot

Phd research topics on implementation of mental health policy in Nigeria :the prospects, challenges and way forward.

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200 Plus Psychology Research Paper Topics for Students

Psychology research holds an extraordinary power to unravel the human mind’s and behavior’s complexities. The key to unlocking this power lies in selecting the right research topic. It’s like picking up a topic that can lead to remarkable discoveries and profound insights. Speaking of which, this blog post presents over 200 awe-inspiring psychology research paper topics for students and researchers alike. Of course, a Best  Affordable writing service  can help, but these topics will allow you to handle your assignment independently. Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

Best Techniques for Choosing a Perfect Psychology Research Paper Topic

Here are some of the best techniques to help you in selecting the perfect psychology research topic:

Personal Interest

Think about what sparks your interest in psychology. Pick something that intrigues you, and you’d like to learn more about. This way, the research will be much more enjoyable and motivating for you to dig deeper.

Literature Review

Do a thorough search of the psychology literature to get a sense of all the research that has been done. See what questions have been answered, what hasn’t been answered, and what new and interesting trends have emerged. That’ll help you hone in on a topic that could be meaningful for the field.

Brainstorming

Try having some brainstorming sessions to come up with ideas for research topics. Jot down any thoughts that come to mind, even if they initially seem a bit out there. Look into different parts of psychology that interest you, like different theories or applications.

Consult with Professors and Peers

See if you can get advice from experienced teachers or mentors who know their stuff and can give you helpful tips and advice. Talking to other people in the same field as you can also help to give you new ideas and help you figure out what to research.

Feasibility and Resources

Consider whether you have the resources, data, and time for your chosen topic. Ensure you have the right research materials, data-gathering techniques, and ethical issues figured out for your topic.

Relevance and Impact

Think about how important your research topic is. Does it tackle a big problem or add something new to the field of psychology? Consider the effects and implications of your research to ensure it makes a real difference.

Narrowing Down

Once you’ve got some ideas for potential topics, look at them and see how they match up with factors like the amount of research you’d need to do, how realistic it is, and whether it fits with the goals you have for your studies. Pick something specific enough to get into it but broad enough that there’s a lot to explore.

200 Unique and Impressive Psychology Research Topics

Here’s the list of impressive psychology research topics:

Clinical Psychology Research Paper Topics

Clinical psychology is a fascinating science branch, even though it can be complicated. When it comes to picking research topics, students can find themselves stuck. But this list is the answer.

• Clinical Contributions to the Psychology
• Psychological and emotional processes of revenge
• Compare two different psychological disorders
• Comparison and contrast between two different types of therapy.
• How people’s lives are affected by anxiety disorders
• Disorder diagnosis and clinical treatment
• Symptoms and effects of long-term childhood trauma
• Impact of trauma-based disorders on daily life functioning
• Emotional and sexual abuse, differences, and symptoms
• Use and Effectiveness of online therapy in  clinical psychology
• Most effective treatments for treating childhood behavioral disorders
• Influence of the aging process on mental illness
• Psychological trauma due to fear of war
• The trauma of living in a war
• Identification and Early Intervention of Victims of recent trauma

Cognitive Psychology Research Paper Topics

If you are into cognitive psychology, check out this list of  great research topics .

• Choice behavior: Analytical Study
• Speech perception and communication
• Sentence processing and language acquisition
• Short-term and long-term memory: Psychology of forgetting
• Retrieval from memory, nature, and analysis
• Visual and auditory imagery: Mechanisms and behaviors
• Control and dynamics of the Memorial system
• Reading and Understanding
• Conceptual representation and categorization
• Visual perception and optical behaviors
• Speech and auditory recognition and characterization
• Focus and division of attention
• Cognitive processing
• Collective and individual obedience–psychological explanation
• Reasoning process – Study in comparison between adults and children
• Why do some people stay young and some age prematurely
• The ability to read and spell in children with disabilities

Developmental Psychology

Here’s another list of fascinating topics on the interesting subject of psychology.

• Do the kids who eat breakfast do better in school than those who don’t?
• Impact of parenting style on Children’s physical activity level
• How lack of involvement or authoritarian parents’ behavior impacts their children’s activity level
• Are bullied students more likely to have lower grades than their non-bullied peers?
• Impacts of Bullying on a Child’s academic progress
• Changes in short-term memory as we age
• Do brain games like word searches, sudoku, and word matching help older adults sharpen their cognitive skills?
• Does birth order have an impact on a child’s behaviour regarding  procrastination ? Are firstborns less likely to procrastinate?

Evolutionary Psychology Research Paper Topics

Being a psychology student, you must know how the field has evolved. Here you go with the list:

• History and Foundations of Psychology
• Socio-family deprivation and institutionalization of minors
• Pyschopedagogical study of gifted children
• Authority and consequences as determining criteria for understanding and remembering stories of socio-conventional content
• Personality and functions of the teacher according to non-directive orientations
• Qualitative analysis: concept and possibilities through graphic language
• Motivation, interest, and aptitude of the mentally handicapped toward sport
• Assessment of thinking skills in situations of social interaction
• Conditioning Dimensions in the Practice of school integration
• Associative Competition in human learning
• Students conceptions and conceptual change
• A longitudinal study on the knowledge of the digestive process in Primary Education
• Self-esteem and achievement Motivation of schoolchildren

Forensic Psychology Research Paper Topics

If forensic psychology is your interest, you can go with a topic from this list.

• Juridical and Legal Psychology
• Forensic Psychopathology
• Advice and experts in the judicial field
• Evaluation and Intervention in Separation and divorce processes
• Evaluation and treatment of victims (domestic violence, sexual abuse, head injuries, etc.)
• Evaluation, treatment, and Prognosis of Adult and juvenile delinquents
• Assessment of Psychic Damage
• psychology of testimony
• Evaluation of Civil and labor capacity
• Court internment.
• Research and Training in Forensic Psychology
• Guardianship and Custody of minors (capacity of the spouses)
• Establish visiting regime and monitoring of it
• Adoption and guardianship of minors.
• The psychological effect of Separation or Divorce
• Nullity processes
• Deprivation of parental authority

Health Topics for Psychology Research Paper

Health and psychology are pretty much interrelated. Find out more about these research topics before you proceed to create a psychology  research paper outline . 

• Health promotion and disease prevention
• Reproductive Health
• Children’s Health and the Role of Psychology
• Health of adolescents
• Patient care and Intervention with aesthetic requests
• Historical evolution of the causal interpretation of the health-disease process
• The Psychology of Health: the construction of a Field
• Health Psychology: background, definition, and Perspectives
• Health psychology: conceptual and historical aspects
• Health psychology perspectives in the United States
• Psychology and collective health
• Psychological pathologies and their social dimension
• Stress and social support
• Psychological care for chronic patients
• Overt disease at diagnosis
• Risk factors. Stress. Personal variables
• Adaptation and adjustment to the disease
• Psychology of Death and Coping with Death

Neuropsychology Topics for Paper

Here you go with another list of hot psychology research topics related to neuropsychology:

• Concept and History of Neuropsychology
• Biological bases of higher mental processes
• Diagnostic and evaluation techniques in Neuropsychology
• Memory disturbances: Amnesia
• Agnosia’s: Deficits in object recognition
• Aphasias: Language disorders
• Apraxia: Movement control disorders
• Alternatives that you can currently use to maintain a healthy mind
• Symptoms and treatment of motion sickness
• The Intervention of virtual reality in Neurorehabilitation
• Causes of acquired brain damage
• Sleep Disorders and the Intervention of Neuropsychology
• The effects of alcohol on the brain
• Elastic epilepsy and its way of affecting the patient
• Causes, symptoms, and treatments of Gelastic Epilepsy
• Neuroeducation and its implementation in the classroom
• Benefits of neuropsychological exercises in Patients and Society
• Disorders in the Development of Oral and written language
• Post-stroke depression and the Impact it leaves on the patient
• The Mozart Effect and its Intervention in the Brain

Occupational Psychological Topics to Research

This one is a mildly touched area regarding psychology research. It means you have a greater chance of surprising your professor by choosing a topic from here.

• Anxiety and its Impact on work performance
• Work efficiency parameters from an emotional approach
• Emotional effects of work stress
• Variables of the personality of an individual with emotional disorders
• Behavior and organizational development of a Worker
• Perspectives of the Quality of working life and its effective organizational relationship
• Methodology designed to promote the comprehensive development of personnel in a government company
• Action plan to improve relations between senior managers and subordinates
• Emotional marketing strategies to increase employee confidence
• Sexual harassment at work: Causes and measures of prevention
• Diversity, inclusion, and equity: How does it impact labor organizations
• Work well-being and its influence
• How to encourage employee motivation
• Psychometric Evaluations in the Workplace
• Measures to control work stress
• Work Stress in Pakistan
• Proposal of strategies for the selection, evaluation, and training by competencies
• Incidences of psychosocial risks that affect the work performance of the subordinates

Analytical Psychology Research Paper Topics

What’s the Role of Analytics in Psychology? Find out this and more by researching a topic from this list.

• Articulation of psychic opposites
• The Individual process of naturalness of growth
• The deployment of the self
• Psychic transformation
• Psychic functions in opposition
• Jung as an Analytical psychologist
• The Jungian Creative Unconscious
• Opposites and self-regulation of the psyche

Applied Psychology Topics for Research

Research these topics and learn how psychology can do wonders for human beings.

• How some background music in a work environment can contribute to higher productivity
• What kind of prompts will inspire people to volunteer their time to charities
• Strategies that work best to motivate workers
• Research to find the treatment approach is most effective in reducing anxiety.
• A program for the development of prosocial behaviors in kindergarten children
• Collaborative episodes regulated by an academic peer in problem-solving
• Functional analysis of the behavior
• The economy from inter behaviorism
• Inter behavioral analysis of contingencies (perspective)
• Analysis of reading adjustment of deaf students

Behavioral Psychology Research Paper Topics

It’s very important to know what impacts people’s moods.

• Psychological effects produced by the pandemic
• Anxiety disorders
• Mood disorders
• Couple’s therapy
• Youth Child Therapy
• Innovative Technologies to Apply in Psychology
• Internet addiction
• Third generation therapies
• Psychological evaluation
• Statistics and psychometrics

Community Psychology Topics for Research

How important is psychology for the well-being of a community? Research on these topics and get to know them.

• The benefits of putting a psychologist in Community Social Services
• State of development, progress, and obstacles for the communal healing
• The Psychology of Social Intervention as a conceptual framework
• Definition and institutional background of the System of Social Services
• Background and analysis of the insertion process of psychologists
• Analysis of the policy construction process
• The tension generated by care models and palliatives used in social policies
• Tension regarding strategies participatory and empowering

Consumer Psychology Topics

There’s also a science behind a consumer preferring one product or one seller over the other. Find that out with these consumer psychology research topics.

• Consumer behavior
• A Strategic Model of Economic and Social Networks
• Social network theory
• Communication and power
• Personal influence: the individual in the process of mass communication
• Networks and groups: models of strategic formation
• Structural Investigation of Supply Networks
• The evolving brand logic: A service-dominant logic perspective
• Consumer Co-creation in New Product Development

If you want to make a big splash in the field of psychology research, it all starts with choosing the right topic. Hopefully, this blog post was helpful in letting you know about some interesting topics for your psychology research. If you are still in sixes and sevens about how to write a psychology research paper, just count on the professional expertise of  our writers  to get you through.

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Home » 500+ Psychology Research Paper Topics

500+ Psychology Research Paper Topics

Psychology is a fascinating field that encompasses the study of the human mind, behavior, and mental processes. It is a multifaceted discipline that has evolved significantly over the years, with new research shedding light on various aspects of human behavior and cognition. As a result, there are numerous research topics within the field of psychology that can be explored, providing a wealth of opportunities for students and scholars alike to investigate and learn. Whether you are interested in the workings of the brain, social dynamics, mental health, or other related areas, there is sure to be a psychology research topic that will pique your interest. In this article we will highlight some of the most interesting and relevant topics in the field of psychology today for Students and Researchers.

Psychology Research Paper Topics

Psychology Research Paper Topics are as follows:

• The effects of social media on mental health and well-being.
• The role of childhood trauma in the development of personality disorders.
• The relationship between sleep deprivation and cognitive performance.
• The impact of mindfulness practices on reducing anxiety and depression.
• The psychology of addiction and its treatment approaches.
• The influence of culture on the perception and expression of emotions.
• The psychology of motivation and goal-setting.
• The impact of bullying on mental health and social development.
• The psychology of decision-making and risk-taking behaviors.
• The effects of nature exposure on mental health and well-being.
• The psychological factors contributing to substance abuse and addiction relapse.
• The role of personality traits in predicting job satisfaction and success.
• The psychology of creativity and innovation.
• The impact of early attachment styles on adult relationships.
• The psychology of prejudice and discrimination.
• The relationship between stress and physical health.
• The role of emotions in decision-making and problem-solving.
• The psychology of learning and memory.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety and depression.
• The influence of parenting styles on child development and mental health.
• The psychology of humor: why we find things funny and how it affects our mental health.
• The effects of childhood neglect on social and emotional development.
• The psychology of procrastination and strategies for overcoming it.
• The impact of digital technology on attention span and concentration.
• The role of self-esteem in mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of forgiveness and its effects on mental health and relationships.
• The relationship between personality traits and political beliefs.
• The effects of trauma on brain development and function.
• The psychology of group dynamics and teamwork.
• The role of exercise in mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of attraction and romantic relationships.
• The effects of technology addiction on mental health and well-being.
• The relationship between diet and mental health.
• The psychology of workplace diversity and inclusion.
• The effects of music on mood and cognitive function.
• The impact of childhood bullying on adult mental health and relationships.
• The psychology of optimism and its effects on mental health and well-being.
• The relationship between personality traits and leadership effectiveness.
• The effects of social isolation on mental health.
• The psychology of decision-making in group contexts.
• The impact of social support on mental health and well-being.
• The role of emotion regulation in mental health and well-being.
• The effects of chronic stress on physical and mental health.
• The psychology of risk perception and behavior.
• The impact of exercise on cognitive function and brain health.
• The psychology of altruism and prosocial behavior.
• The relationship between spirituality and mental health.
• The effects of childhood abuse on adult mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of power and its effects on decision-making and behavior.
• The impact of mindfulness on physical health and well-being.
• The psychology of parenting and its effects on child development.
• The effects of gratitude on mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of grief and bereavement.
• The impact of social media on social comparison and self-esteem.
• The psychology of resilience and coping.
• The effects of sleep on physical and mental health.
• The psychology of happiness and well-being.
• The relationship between personality traits and romantic relationship satisfaction.
• The impact of social norms on behavior.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and decision-making errors.
• The effects of nature exposure on cognitive function and well-being.
• The psychology of body image and its effects on mental health.
• The impact of work-life balance on mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of shame and guilt.
• The effects of trauma on memory and cognition.
• The role of empathy in mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of cyberbullying and its effects on mental health.
• The impact of aging on cognitive function and well-being.
• The psychology of human sexuality.
• The effects of mindfulness on social and emotional functioning.
• The effects of social comparison on mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of addiction and relapse prevention strategies.
• The impact of social support on addiction recovery.
• The psychology of motivation and self-determination.
• The effects of trauma on attachment and relationship formation.
• The psychology of bystander intervention in emergencies.
• The impact of exercise on mood and anxiety.
• The role of cultural values in mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of moral decision-making.
• The effects of video games on cognitive function and social development.
• The psychology of burnout and work-related stress.
• The relationship between personality traits and academic performance.
• The impact of social identity on self-esteem and mental health.
• The psychology of attachment in adult romantic relationships.
• The effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation and impulse control.
• The psychology of stress and coping strategies.
• The impact of social media on self-esteem and body image.
• The psychology of decision-making in romantic relationships.
• The effects of childhood trauma on substance use and addiction.
• The psychology of resilience and post-traumatic growth.
• The impact of cultural stereotypes on cognitive function and performance.
• The psychology of identity formation and its effects on mental health.
• The effects of social support on academic success and well-being.
• The psychology of change and behavior modification.
• The impact of self-compassion on mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of deception and lying behavior.
• The effects of sleep on mood and emotion regulation.
• The psychology of intergroup relations and prejudice reduction.
• The impact of meditation on cognitive function and well-being.
• The psychology of procrastination and time management.
• The effects of cultural assimilation on mental health and well-being.
• The psychology of body language and nonverbal communication.
• The impact of nature exposure on stress reduction and well-being.
• The psychology of forgiveness and its effects on relationship satisfaction.
• The effects of social comparison on body image and eating disorders.
• The psychology of motivation and goal-setting in academic settings.
• The impact of cultural diversity on team dynamics and performance.
• The psychology of self-disclosure in romantic relationships.
• The effects of social support on health outcomes in chronic illness.
• The psychology of human memory and its fallibility.
• The impact of cultural values on mental health stigma.
• The psychology of resilience and coping strategies in chronic illness.
• The effects of social support on job satisfaction and performance.
• The psychology of negotiation and conflict resolution.
• The impact of social identity on health behaviors and outcomes.
• The psychology of aggression and its effects on mental health.
• The effects of mindfulness on cognitive aging and dementia prevention.
• The psychology of attachment in parent-child relationships.
• The impact of cultural diversity on intergroup relations.
• The psychology of decision-making in medical settings.
• The effects of social comparison on consumer behavior.
• The psychology of success and achievement motivation.
• The impact of technology on social skills and emotional intelligence.
• The psychology of deception detection and its implications for criminal justice.
• The effects of music on mood and well-being.
• The psychology of gender identity and its effects on mental health.
• The impact of social media on political attitudes and polarization.
• The psychology of flow and optimal experience in work and leisure activities.
• The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function and decision-making.
• The psychology of leadership and its effects on organizational outcomes.
• The impact of cultural values on body image and eating disorders.
• The psychology of self-compassion and its effects on relationship satisfaction.
• The effects of social support on postpartum depression and anxiety.
• The psychology of attachment in foster care and adoption.
• The impact of cultural values on parenting styles and child development.
• The psychology of resilience and post-disaster recovery.
• The effects of social support on mental health in LGBTQ+ individuals.
• The psychology of motivation and performance in sports.
• The impact of cultural values on coping with illness and disability.
• The psychology of creativity and its relationship with mental health.
• The effects of mindfulness on pain management and chronic illness.
• The impact of social identity on job satisfaction and turnover.
• The psychology of substance use disorders in older adults.
• The effects of social comparison on academic motivation and achievement.
• The psychology of decision-making in financial investments.
• The impact of cultural values on mental health treatment-seeking behaviors.
• The psychology of attachment in sibling relationships.
• The effects of social support on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
• The psychology of cognitive biases and decision-making.
• The impact of cultural values on aging and end-of-life care.
• The psychology of motivation and goal-setting in weight loss.
• The effects of social comparison on social anxiety.
• The psychology of group dynamics and its implications for teamwork.
• The impact of cultural values on sexual identity and expression.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in high-stress occupations.
• The effects of social support on recovery from traumatic brain injury.
• The psychology of memory reconsolidation and its potential for trauma therapy.
• The impact of cultural values on mental health in immigrant populations.
• The psychology of gender stereotypes and their effects on behavior and attitudes.
• The effects of social comparison on body dissatisfaction and cosmetic procedures.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in military veterans.
• The impact of cultural values on mental health outcomes in refugees.
• The psychology of goal-setting and its relationship with happiness.
• The effects of social support on depression and anxiety in cancer patients.
• The psychology of self-esteem and its relationship with social media use.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health treatment.
• The psychology of attachment in teacher-student relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on substance use and addiction.
• The psychology of decision-making in environmental conservation.
• The impact of cultural values on romantic relationships and marital satisfaction.
• The impact of cultural values on mental health and illness stigma.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in exercise and physical activity.
• The psychology of mindfulness and its effects on stress reduction and well-being.
• The impact of technology on social comparison and body dissatisfaction in young adults.
• The psychology of moral decision-making and its relationship with personality.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and motivation in graduate students.
• The psychology of sleep disorders and their effects on mental and physical health.
• The impact of cultural values on parenting practices and child development.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in rehabilitation and physical therapy.
• The effects of social support on mental health in refugees and immigrants.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on decision-making.
• The impact of technology on mental health treatment and therapy outcomes.
• The psychology of motivation and performance in sports and athletic competition.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in high school students.
• The psychology of grief and its effects on mental and physical health.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward aging and age-related stereotypes.
• The psychology of memory and its relationship with sleep quality and quantity.
• The effects of social support on mental health in military veterans.
• The psychology of addiction and its effects on relationships and social functioning.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in older adults.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in diabetes management.
• The effects of social comparison on body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in non-binary individuals.
• The psychology of child development and its relationship with parenting practices.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health treatment seeking.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in cancer treatment.
• The effects of social support on mental health in incarcerated individuals.
• The psychology of personality traits and their effects on romantic relationships.
• The impact of technology on social connectedness and loneliness.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in cardiac rehabilitation.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in elementary school students.
• The psychology of gender identity and its effects on mental health and well-being.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward substance use and addiction.
• The psychology of self-esteem and its relationship with interpersonal communication.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome.
• The psychology of emotion regulation and its relationship with substance use.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in children and adolescents.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in HIV/AIDS treatment.
• The effects of social comparison on body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in individuals with physical disabilities.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic pain.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on emotion regulation and well-being.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with eating disorders.
• The psychology of positive psychology interventions and their effects on well-being.
• The impact of technology on social skills and social anxiety in adolescents.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in organ transplant recipients.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in international students.
• The psychology of depression and its effects on cognitive function and memory.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in religious communities.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
• The psychology of motivation and performance in the workplace.
• The effects of social comparison on body image and self-esteem in adolescence.
• The psychology of forgiveness and its effects on mental health and well-being.
• The impact of technology on attention and distraction.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in physical therapy.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic illness.
• The psychology of decision-making in healthcare and medical treatments.
• The impact of cultural values on adolescent identity development.
• The psychology of self-efficacy and its relationship with academic achievement.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and self-esteem.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in survivors of sexual assault and harassment.
• The impact of cultural values on parental involvement in education.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in mental health treatment.
• The effects of social comparison on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.
• The psychology of trauma and its effects on memory and emotional processing.
• The impact of technology on sleep quality and quantity.
• The psychology of motivation and performance in online learning.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain.
• The psychology of personality and its relationship with career choice and success.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health stigma.
• The psychology of attachment in peer relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on academic achievement and motivation in college students.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with workplace success.
• The impact of technology on social skills and interpersonal communication.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in smoking cessation.
• The effects of social support on mental health in older adults.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in survivors of natural disasters.
• The impact of cultural values on sexual health and behavior.
• The psychology of personality disorders and their effects on relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on body image and eating behaviors in men.
• The psychology of cognitive development in infants and young children.
• The impact of technology on stress and anxiety.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in weight management.
• The effects of social support on mental health in caregivers.
• The psychology of emotion regulation and its effects on mental health.
• The impact of cultural values on aging and cognitive decline.
• The psychology of attachment in romantic relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on academic performance and self-concept in middle school students.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic illness.
• The impact of technology on identity formation and self-esteem.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in addiction recovery.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with disabilities.
• The psychology of creativity and its effects on mental health and well-being.
• The impact of cultural values on social support networks.
• The effects of social comparison on social anxiety and self-esteem in individuals with social anxiety disorder.
• The psychology of parenting styles and their effects on child development.
• The impact of technology on mental health and well-being in children and adolescents.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals experiencing homelessness.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic illnesses.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on social support seeking.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in marginalized communities.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in bariatric surgery patients.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in pregnant women.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in older adults with dementia.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with educational pedagogy.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in pulmonary rehabilitation.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Asian communities.
• The psychology of decision-making and its relationship with impulsivity.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its effects on workplace performance.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with fibromyalgia.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with language acquisition.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in African American communities.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in dialysis patients.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with eating disorders.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic heart failure.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with anxiety disorders.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on problem-solving.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in amputees.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Hispanic/Latino communities.
• The psychology of decision-making and its relationship with risk-taking behavior.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in individuals with dyslexia.
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• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with schizophrenia.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with visual perception.
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• The psychology of motivation and adherence in spinal cord injury patients.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Native American communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on creativity.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.
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• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with substance use disorders.
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• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in individuals with learning disabilities.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with postpartum depression.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with spatial reasoning.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
• The psychology of addiction and its effects on mental health.
• The impact of mindfulness on cognitive function and attention in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on child development.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with gender dysphoria.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Eastern European communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on interpersonal relationships.
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• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities.
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• The psychology of addiction and its effects on criminal behavior.
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• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with autoimmune diseases.
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• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with traumatic brain injuries.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic pain.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on mental health stigma.
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• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on stereotype formation.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with cancer.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Indigenous communities.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on child behavior problems.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on romantic partner selection.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with substance use disorders.
• The psychology of emotional regulation and its effects on interpersonal relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with alopecia.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with heart disease.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in immigrant communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on judgment and decision-making.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• The psychology of motivation and adherence in individuals with diabetes.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with moral reasoning.
• The effects of social comparison on academic self-concept and achievement in individuals with visual impairments.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic migraines.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in rural communities.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on infant sleep patterns.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on workplace conflict resolution.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with fibromyalgia.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with job satisfaction.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with vitiligo.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic arthritis.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Caribbean communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on interpersonal trust.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
• The impact of attachment styles on marital satisfaction.
• The psychology of emotional regulation and its effects on academic achievement.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with executive functioning.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on job performance.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with leadership effectiveness.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with working memory.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on romantic relationship satisfaction.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on stress and coping.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic migraines.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with interpersonal conflict resolution.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with psoriasis.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in East Asian communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on decision-making under uncertainty.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic heart failure.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with attentional control.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic migraines.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on emotional regulation.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic back pain.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with job performance.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with rosacea.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in LGBTQ+ communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on creativity in the arts.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anxiety.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with problem-solving.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on parent-child communication.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic heart failure.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on interpersonal communication.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic migraines and anxiety.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with conflict resolution in romantic relationships.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with eczema.
• The impact of trauma on personality development.
• The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on chronic pain management.
• The psychology of motivation and its relationship with achievement in academic settings.
• The impact of cultural values on the experience of shame and guilt.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with fibromyalgia.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on romantic relationship conflict.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with conflict resolution in work settings.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on decision-making in politics.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with self-awareness.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on emotional regulation in adolescence.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on substance use and addiction.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective communication in romantic relationships.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on consumer behavior.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and insomnia.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with social cognition.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on mental health in adulthood.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in individuals with chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on intimate partner violence.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic kidney disease and depression.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective leadership.
• The effects of social comparison on body image dissatisfaction in individuals with scars.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on consumer decision-making.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anxiety and depression.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on mental health in older adults.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on parenting styles.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and depression.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective conflict resolution in work settings.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic pain and anxiety.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia in individuals with fibromyalgia.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on emotional regulation in children.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective communication in the workplace.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on work stress and burnout.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and post-traumatic stress disorder.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic pain and depression.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Muslim communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on memory recall.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and fibromyalgia.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on job satisfaction and turnover.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with spinal cord injury.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective conflict resolution in romantic relationships.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with attention.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and anxiety and depression.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anxiety.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on perception.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and arthritis.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on leadership styles.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective communication in families.
• The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
• The psychology of attachment and its effects on social influence.
• The impact of technology on cognitive function and attention in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
• The psychology of cognitive development and its relationship with emotion regulation.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and inflammatory bowel disease.
• The psychology of resilience and coping in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression and anxiety.
• The impact of cultural values on attitudes toward mental health in Indian communities.
• The psychology of cognitive biases and their effects on decision-making in healthcare.
• The effects of social support on mental health in individuals with chronic pain and migraine.
• The psychology of personality and its effects on stress and coping in medical students.
• The impact of social support on mental health in individuals with multiple sclerosis and depression.
• The psychology of emotional intelligence and its relationship with effective communication in friendships.

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Intelligence

Top 10 cool psychological research findings, what we know about people may surprise you..

Posted December 20, 2017 | Reviewed by Jessica Schrader

In the world of behavioral science, where I live, researchers implement studies in an effort to better understand the nature of behavior. As a result of well-designed psychological research over the years, many novel findings with all kinds of implications have been documented. Here is a list of my top-10 cool findings—results you might find surprising, and that could help you better understand the people in your world:

10. Human emotional expression shows extraordinary constancy across human populations (i.e., a smile is a smile wherever you go).

In groundbreaking research on the nature of human emotional expression, Ekman and Friesen (1986) found that the facial expressions which correspond to such basic emotions as happiness , sadness, anger , surprise, disgust, and fear are remarkably similar across the world. From remote nomads in the South Pacific to millionaires sipping high-end tea on Park Avenue, the basics of how we express emotions are the same.

9. You have more in common with a typical pigeon than you might realize.

In some of the most important research ever done on the nature of behavior, across a storied career , B. F. Skinner (1953) made the case that the processes that underlie learning, such as operant and classical conditioning , are remarkably similar across species of animals—from dogs to goldfish to pigeons to rats to humans.

8. The more you pay someone for doing a menial task, the less he or she will enjoy it.

In a classic set of studies on the concept of cognitive dissonance , Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) found that people who (a) engaged in menial tasks for no good apparent reason, (b) told another student that they liked the tasks, and were then (c) paid $1 for doing so reported liking the tasks much more than did participants who were in the same study, but who were paid $20 for their work. When people are poorly compensated for unpleasant work, they are more likely to convince themselves that they actually enjoyed the work so as to reduce their own levels of cognitive dissonance.

7. People like you and me are quite capable of obeying a stranger to the point of killing another human being.

In a series of studies on the psychology of obedience to authority, Stanley Milgram documented, without question, that under certain conditions a large majority of normal adults are capable of killing someone else—especially if they are being directed to do so by some credible-seeming authority figure, and the context is framed as “for the good of science” (Milgram, 1963).

6. Emotional intelligence often matters more than cognitive intelligence when it comes to success in life.

We place a premium on the importance of intelligence and on markers of academic aptitude. In fact, in several behavioral and life domains, based on a large body of research, success is better predicted by emotional intelligence than by cognitive intelligence (Mayer & Salovey, 1997).

5. About one-third of homicides in North America today have something to do with infidelity .

While we may think that humans are all civilized and have somehow emerged to be above our base evolutionary origins, it’s just not true. In an analysis of thousands of recent North American homicides, Daly and Wilson (1982) found that approximately one-third were most accurately conceptualized as reactions to infidelity.

4. People are more giving to others when the room smells nice.

In a study on volunteerism, Liljenquist et al. (2010) had participants either (a) sit in a room that had not been cleaned recently or (b) sit in a room that was recently cleaned and sprayed with a nice-smelling cleaner. They were then offered the opportunity to take a brochure for Habitat for Humanity. The participants in the nice-smelling room were more likely to take the flyer, and to report that they would volunteer for the organization.

3. People’s reports of why they do what they do are often completely incorrect.

In a description of a series of studies, Nisbett and Wilson (1977) found that while people have no problem providing justifications for their actions, they are quite often totally unaware of the real causes of their behavior. For instance, participants who watched a movie that was accompanied by a constant loud noise from the hallway liked the movie much less than did participants who watched the same movie without the loud noise. When asked why they didn’t like the movie, not a single person in the loud-noise condition mentioned the loud noise.

2. Personality barely shapes what we do.

Research on the power of personality in predicting behavior has found that, on average, our personality traits tend to account for only about 9 percent of our behavior—at most (Mischel, 1968).

1. We are not as helpful as we think we are.

A large majority of seminar students connected with an Ivy League university who are slated to give a lecture on the story of the Good Samaritan in the Bible will step right over a person in need if they are running late to deliver the lecture (Darley & Batson, 1973). Think about that!

Bottom Line: If you know an armchair psychologist who thinks that he or she knows all the answers when it comes to people, and that the work done by researchers in this field is a waste of time, you might want to forward him or her this list. As demonstrated here, psychological research is, well, really cool, and regularly leads to new and unexpected insights into what it means to be human.

Daly, M., & Wilson, M. I. (1982). Homicide and Kinship. American Anthropologist, 84 , 372-78.

Darley, J. M., and Batson, C.D. (1973). From Jerusalem to Jericho: A study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27 ,100-108.

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1986). A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Motivation and Emotion, 10 , 159-168.

Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, K. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58 , 203-210.

Liljenquist, K., Zhong, C-B., & Galinsky, A.D. (2010). The Smell of Virtue: Clean Scents Promote Reciprocity and Charity. Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0956797610361426

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3-34) . New York: Harper Collins.

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral Study of Obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 , 371–8.

Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment . New York: Wiley.

Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84 , 231-259.

Glenn Geher, Ph.D. , is professor of psychology at the State University of New York at New Paltz. He is founding director of the campus’ Evolutionary Studies (EvoS) program.

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Cognitive Psychology Research Paper Topics

This page provides a comprehensive list of cognitive psychology research paper topics , curated to inspire and assist students in their exploration of how humans perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems. Cognitive psychology, a discipline pivotal to understanding the intricacies of the human mind, encompasses a wide array of fascinating topics that delve into the mental processes underlying our daily functioning and well-being. From investigating the mechanisms of memory and the complexities of language acquisition to exploring the influence of emotion on cognition and the application of cognitive principles in technology, these topics offer students a rich terrain for academic inquiry. Designed to cater to a broad spectrum of interests and academic objectives, this list serves as a starting point for students aiming to contribute meaningful insights into the cognitive processes that define human experience.

100 Cognitive Psychology Research Paper Topics

Cognitive psychology stands at the forefront of exploring the vast capabilities and intricacies of the human mind, offering profound insights into our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This branch of psychology delves into how people understand, diagnose, and interact with the world around them, influencing various aspects of human functioning and societal development. The research topics within cognitive psychology are as varied as they are dynamic, reflecting the continuous evolution of the field in response to new scientific discoveries and technological advancements. From the fundamental processes of perception and memory to the complex interplay between emotion and cognition, these topics not only contribute to our scientific knowledge but also have practical applications in education, mental health, artificial intelligence, and beyond.

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• The psychology of visual illusions
• Cross-modal perception and sensory integration
• The impact of aging on sensory processing
• Auditory perception and its cognitive implications
• The role of attention in shaping perception
• Taste, smell, and flavor perception
• Sensory deprivation and its effects on cognition
• Perception of pain and its cognitive modulation
• The neuroscience of touch
• Multisensory experiences and their cognitive effects
• Short-term versus long-term memory processes
• The effects of sleep on memory consolidation
• Autobiographical memory and self-identity
• Cognitive strategies to enhance memory retention
• The role of emotion in memory formation and recall
• False memories and their implications
• The cognitive neuroscience of working memory
• Memory disorders and cognitive rehabilitation
• The impact of technology on memory skills
• Eyewitness memory and cognitive psychology
• Models of attention and cognitive processing
• The impact of multitasking on cognitive performance
• Attentional biases and their psychological implications
• Cognitive load theory and information processing
• The role of attention in learning and memory
• Neural mechanisms underlying attention
• Distraction and cognitive control mechanisms
• The psychology of vigilance and sustained attention
• Attention deficits and hyperactivity disorders
• Selective attention and perceptual filtering
• The cognitive basis of language development
• Bilingualism and cognitive flexibility
• Language disorders and cognitive psychology
• The relationship between thought and language
• Cognitive neuroscience of reading and literacy
• Language processing in the brain
• Pragmatics and cognitive implications of language use
• The role of language in categorization and concept formation
• Sign language and cognitive processing
• Cognitive aspects of language evolution
• Cognitive strategies in problem-solving
• Decision-making processes and biases
• The psychology of judgment and choice
• Heuristics and cognitive shortcuts
• The role of intuition in decision-making
• Problem-solving in groups versus individually
• Cognitive biases and their impact on decision quality
• Risk assessment and decision-making under uncertainty
• The neuroscience of decision-making
• Creativity and cognitive processes in problem-solving
• Stages of cognitive development in children
• Cognitive theories of learning and instruction
• The role of play in cognitive development
• Adolescent cognitive development and risk-taking behavior
• Adult learning and cognitive change
• The impact of cognitive styles on learning outcomes
• Cognitive development in aging populations
• The role of technology in cognitive learning processes
• Cognitive enhancers and their impact on learning
• Metacognition and self-regulated learning
• Cognitive aspects of Alzheimer’s disease
• The neuropsychology of Parkinson’s disease
• Cognitive impairments in traumatic brain injury
• Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
• Autism spectrum disorders and cognitive functioning
• The impact of stroke on cognitive functions
• Dementia and cognitive interventions
• Mild cognitive impairment and its progression
• Cognitive rehabilitation techniques for neurocognitive disorders
• The influence of emotion on cognitive processes
• Cognitive appraisal theories of emotion
• The role of cognition in emotional regulation
• Emotional intelligence and cognitive abilities
• The neuroscience of emotions and feelings
• Mood disorders and cognitive functioning
• The impact of stress on cognitive performance
• Emotion-cognition interactions in decision-making
• The cognitive psychology of happiness and well-being
• Emotional memory and its persistence
• Cognitive biases in social judgment and perception
• Theory of mind and perspective-taking
• Social cognition in interpersonal relationships
• The role of stereotypes in cognitive processing
• Cognitive underpinnings of prejudice and discrimination
• Social identity and cognition
• Moral reasoning and cognitive psychology
• The cognitive basis of empathy and altruism
• Social cognition and group dynamics
• Cognitive approaches to understanding social influence
• Cognitive psychology in human-computer interaction
• Virtual reality and its cognitive implications
• The impact of social media on cognition and social behavior
• Cognitive psychology principles in user experience design
• Artificial intelligence and cognitive modeling
• Gaming and cognitive skill development
• Cognitive training apps and their effectiveness
• Neurotechnology and cognitive enhancement
• The role of cognitive psychology in digital education
• Wearable technology and cognitive monitoring

The exploration of cognitive psychology research paper topics presents an unparalleled opportunity to delve into the mechanisms that underpin human cognition and behavior. Each category and topic not only contributes to the rich tapestry of cognitive psychology but also holds the potential for groundbreaking research that can influence educational practices, therapeutic approaches, and policy development. Students are encouraged to engage deeply with these topics, leveraging their curiosity and analytical skills to advance the field and contribute valuable insights into the complex world of human cognition.

What is Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology as a Discipline

The development of cognitive psychology marked a significant shift from the behaviorist perspective that dominated psychology for much of the early 20th century, which largely ignored mental processes. Instead, cognitive psychology focuses on understanding internal mental states and processes, utilizing this understanding to explain behavioral patterns. This focus on the internal workings of the mind has not only expanded the scope of psychological research but has also had practical applications in various fields such as education, mental health, artificial intelligence, and more, demonstrating the discipline’s broad impact.

The Importance of Research in Expanding Our Understanding of Cognitive Processes

Research in cognitive psychology plays a crucial role in expanding our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Through empirical studies, experiments, and longitudinal research, cognitive psychologists seek to build a body of knowledge about how cognitive processes work, how they change over time, and how they can be improved or altered. This research is fundamental to developing new theories of cognition that can explain complex human behaviors and cognitive anomalies.

One of the key contributions of cognitive psychology research is the development of models that describe various cognitive processes. For example, research on memory has led to the formulation of the multi-store model, which outlines how information flows from sensory memory to short-term memory and finally to long-term memory. Similarly, studies on decision-making and problem-solving have introduced several cognitive biases that influence human judgment, such as confirmation bias and availability heuristic. These models and theories are crucial for understanding the limitations and capabilities of human cognition, informing approaches in education, cognitive therapy, and even interface design in technology.

Moreover, cognitive psychology research has a significant impact on diagnosing and treating cognitive disorders. Studies on neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), provide insights into their cognitive underpinnings, leading to better diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Research in this field also supports the development of cognitive rehabilitation techniques and cognitive-behavioral therapies, demonstrating its vital role in improving mental health and cognitive function.

The Variety of Research Topics within Cognitive Psychology and Their Relevance to Real-World Applications

Cognitive psychology encompasses a wide array of research topics, each with direct implications for real-world applications. For instance, research in perception and sensation enhances our understanding of how sensory information is interpreted by the brain, influencing fields such as marketing, design, and even virtual reality development. Studies on attention and information processing have led to improvements in educational strategies, helping to develop teaching methods that align with cognitive load theory and the attentional needs of students.

Language and cognition research has profound implications for language teaching methodologies, speech therapy, and understanding language disorders. Insights from this research help in designing interventions for individuals with dyslexia or aphasia, facilitating better communication and learning outcomes. Additionally, the study of problem-solving and decision-making is pivotal for the development of artificial intelligence, providing algorithms with models of human cognition that can be simulated in computational systems.

The exploration of memory and recall has applications in legal settings, especially in eyewitness testimony and the reliability of memory. Cognitive psychology’s findings on the malleability of human memory and the conditions under which memories are accurately or inaccurately recalled are crucial for informing judicial processes and policies. Furthermore, the study of social cognition, which examines how individuals perceive, think about, and interact with others, is essential for understanding social behavior, improving interpersonal relationships, and addressing societal issues such as prejudice and discrimination.

Recent Advancements in Cognitive Psychology Research

Recent advancements in cognitive psychology research have been facilitated by technological innovations, allowing for more sophisticated exploration of cognitive processes. Neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and PET scans have provided insights into the neural substrates of various cognitive functions, bridging the gap between cognitive psychology and neuroscience. These advancements have led to a deeper understanding of how different brain regions are involved in specific cognitive tasks, such as memory recall or language processing.

Additionally, the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence in cognitive research has opened new avenues for analyzing large datasets, leading to more nuanced understandings of cognitive patterns and anomalies. This intersection of cognitive psychology and computational modeling has also advanced the development of intelligent systems capable of mimicking human cognitive functions, from language understanding to pattern recognition.

Another significant advancement is in the realm of cognitive enhancement, where research is exploring ways to improve cognitive functions through pharmacological means, cognitive training exercises, and even non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. These studies hold the potential for significant impacts on education, mental health treatment, and the general enhancement of cognitive abilities in healthy individuals.

Ethical Issues Inherent in Cognitive Psychology Research

Cognitive psychology research, while offering vast potential for understanding and enhancing human cognition, also presents several ethical considerations. Issues such as informed consent, privacy, and the potential for misuse of cognitive data are paramount concerns. The use of neuroimaging and other biometric data, for instance, raises questions about the privacy of mental states and the potential for such information to be used in ways that could infringe on individual rights or autonomy.

Additionally, the ethical implications of cognitive enhancement and the potential societal impacts of creating disparities between those who have access to cognitive enhancement technologies and those who do not are areas of ongoing debate. Cognitive psychology researchers must navigate these ethical waters carefully, ensuring that their work promotes the welfare and dignity of all individuals while advancing scientific knowledge.

Future Directions for Research in Cognitive Psychology

The future of cognitive psychology research promises further integration with neuroscience, the application of advanced computational models, and the exploration of how cognitive processes evolve in a rapidly changing digital world. An exciting direction for future research is the investigation of how digital technologies, such as smartphones and social media, are affecting cognitive development, attention spans, and social cognition. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate potential negative effects while harnessing technology’s power to enhance cognitive function.

Another area of future research is the exploration of individual differences in cognition, understanding how genetic, environmental, and cultural factors contribute to the diversity of cognitive processes among individuals. This line of research holds the promise of personalizing educational and therapeutic approaches to cater to individual cognitive profiles.

The Transformative Potential of Research in Cognitive Psychology

Research in cognitive psychology holds transformative potential for numerous aspects of human life, from education and mental health to technology and social interaction. By continuing to explore the intricacies of cognitive processes and their neural underpinnings, cognitive psychology can contribute to a deeper understanding of what it means to be human. The ongoing exploration of cognitive phenomena not only enriches our knowledge of the mind but also translates into practical applications that can improve individual well-being and societal health. As cognitive psychology advances, its research continues to shape our world, demonstrating the enduring power of understanding the human mind.

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The field of psychology has been favored by many college students, despite its challenging and complex studying nature – the human psyche. What’s even more demanding for anyone enrolled in a psychology course is selecting the right research topic. One specific and interesting enough to encourage your thirst for knowledge and research.

Due to the nature of the complex subject studied, it’s often accompanied by extensive research and is dependent on your particular field of study. However, a good research topic can spark further analysis, and some of the more important topics can be explored further into a longer paper, such as a dissertation.

Perhaps the most challenging part of this task is getting started. Selecting an exciting psychology research topic is essential to the success of your written paper. In the article below, we’ll provide you with good psychology research topics, divided by your branch of study, so you can browse enough ideas and allow your imagination to guide you in the right direction.

In this article:

Psychology Research Paper – Definition & Purpose

How to choose a good psychology research paper topic, social psychology research topics:, developmental psychology research topics:, cognitive psychology research topics:, clinical psychology research topics:, abnormal psychology research topics:, forensic psychology research topics:, health psychology research topics:, educational psychology research topics:, experimental psychology research topics:, psychology research topics on depression:, psychology research topics about dreams:.

Psychology writing is meant to inform the reader of a new idea, theory, or experiment within the scientific field, despite significant research efforts, including academic records, literary reviews, and other research papers. The best writers can convey their complex ideas to people outside their area of expertise clearly and economically.

When writing a psychology paper, you predominantly look for facts and evidence corresponding to your topic. Therefore, you should strive to be precise, clear, and literal in your writing. It’s a common misunderstanding that psychology research papers should include heavy and descriptive language or complex sentence structure, when in fact, you should aim for the opposite.

The purpose of a psychology research paper is to demonstrate your deep understanding of your field of study and to prove your originality and successful wayfinding through correlative scientific literature. An essential part of the paper is synthesizing previous research concerning the topic while shedding new light on the subject discussed.

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It sounds like a lot, doesn’t it? However, the process can be more straightforward with the right topic. We’ll help you find the best psychology paper topic in the section below.

There are some valuable strategies you should get familiar with if you aren’t sure what topic to choose:

• Was there a topic studied or discussed recently that made an impression on you? Try to sum it up in a few words and look up the topics online. Play around with the keywords. There is a good chance someone else already wrote an academic paper on it. You might even stumble upon different points of view, which could spark up some ideas.
• Sometimes you can correlate your favorite hobby to your research paper. For example, If you are a huge fan of tabletop role-playing games. Use this hobby to explain how role-playing games can boost confidence and creativity. Maybe there is a way to relate your hobby to your psychology practice? Once you come up with one, double-check with a tutor or mentor to see its relevance to your studies.
• You can look up research topic lists online, like those included in the section below, which is probably how you got here in the first place. Well done. You’re obviously on the right track.
• Have a read at an article related to a subfield of an area of interest. Check out the resources included in the Bibliography when you’re done. You’re likely to find some more topics and ideas you can explore in greater detail.
• You can always turn to a tutor or mentor for support. If none of the above methods work for you, discussing your academic interests with a professional is always a good idea.

Psychology Research Topics

Below are 10 subcategories with examples of psychology research topics.

• Tajfel and Turner’s Social Identity Theory
• The Role of the Unfamiliar Environment in Milgram’s Shock Experiment
• The Stanford Prison Experiment: Causes and Effects of Dehumanization
• How is Society Modeling Human Behavior According to Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
• How Group Belonging can Alter Identity and Behavior
• Obedience and Authority and Cruelty According to Milgram’s Shock Experiment
• Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience According to the Social Status Function
• The Aftereffect of Bullying on Mental Development
• Stereotypes and Gender Roles in Society
• Child Development in an Abusive Environment
• Postpartum Depression and Its Effect on Mental Health
• The Effect of Sleeping Disorders on Mental Development
• The Aftermath of Narcotics on Mental Health
• Psychology’s Relation to Mental Health
• Postpartum Depression: Effects on Mental Health
• Factors Responsible for The Acceleration of the Aging Process
• How Child Abuse Affects Mental Development
• Can Psychology Tackle the Aftermath of Bullying
• Memory Loss and Methods of Recovery
• Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity in the Child: Developmental Effects
• Factors That Aid Problem-Solving Abilities in Children
• Color Psychology’s Effect on Cognitive Development Studies
• Subconsciousness’ Effect on the Decision Making Ability
• Increasing Violence Amongst Children
• Delay in the Mental Development of a Child: Contributing Factors
• The Effect of Romantic Movies in the Development of a Child
• What is Critical Thinking, and How to Measure Its Ability in Cognitive Psychology
• Causes of Bullying Behavior in Children
• Cognitive Psychology Experiments
• How Cognitive Therapy Can Reduce Anxiety and Panic Attacks
• Behavioral Therapy as a Cause of Treating Criminals
• Contributing Factors to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Effective Practices in Treating Addictions
• Effective therapy Practices in Dealing With Depression
• Paranoias and Phobias – Treatment Through Medication and Therapy
• Psychological Disorders and Their Clinical Treatments
• Social Anxiety: Cause and Treatment
• Schizophrenia: Recommended Therapies
• Insomnia: Clinical Treatments
• Antidepressant’s Effects in Remedial Therapy
• Causes of Anorexia In Adults
• How to Overcome Anxiety Disorders
• Multiple Personality Disorder: Causes
• How to Deal With Phobias
• PTSD in Offices and Workplaces
• Factors that Contribute to Eating Disorders in Adults
• Psychology Behind Suicidal Thoughts
• How Violent Video Games Affect Mood Disorders in Children
• Stalking: A Psychological Disorder
• The Effectiveness of Prison Rehabilitation and the Criminal Justice System
• The Cause behind Mass Killings in the USA
• Is domestic Violence Against Men Being Neglected by Society
• Are Movie or TV Series Plot Augmenting Copycat Crimes
• Risk Factors Behind Unreliable Evidence
• The Цredibility of Statement From Mentally Challenged Eyewitnesses
• Psychologist Verbally Interacting With Criminals in Court: Rules To Go By
• The Лegitimacy of an Eyewitness’s Memory
• Can a Better Upbringing Prevent the Making of a Serial Killer
• How Does Participating in Law Enforcement Impact an Individual’s Life
• Managing Eating Disorders: The Role of the Psychologist
• Group Therapy: Efficiency and Lenitive Care
• Meditation Techniques to Help With Chronic Pain Management
• Practical Approaches To Aid Stress and Depression Management in Cancer Patients
• How Are Cognitive Abilities Affected by Physical Exercise and Social Interaction
• Most Effective Interventions To Enforce Abstinence in Drug Addicts
• Communication Strategies That Help Encourage Patients To Attend REgular Screens (For Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, Prostate Cancer, etc.)
• How Physical Exercise Helps Reduce Stress and Mood Swings
• Adapting Teaching and Deadlines for Dyslexic Students
• Learning Motivation Strategies in Education
• Does Learning Complex Musical Instruments Aid Cognitive Performance Actually Work
• Consequences of Bullying on the Self-Perception of a Student
• Social Reinforcement Vs. Material Rewards: Strategies to Encourage Learning in Students
• How Operant Conditioning Works
• Listening to Music: Effect on Cognitive Functions
• The Importance of Showing Affection to Children
• The Effect of Academic Success on Self-Esteem
• The Psychological Effect of Colors
• The Stroop Effect: What Does it Say About Our Minds
• Comparisons Between Excessive Social Media Use and Drug Addiction
• How do Colors Affect Learning
• Mood Freezing: Definition and Implications
• Double Foot-In-Door: Definitions and Implications
• Postpartum Depression and its Effect on Children
• How Depression Affects Productivity
• Gut Microbiota and Major Depression
• Depression: Differences in Males and Females
• Ways to Ease Seasonal Depression
• Environmental Factors as Depression Triggers
• Electroconvulsive Therapy as a Last Resort to Treating Depression and Bipolar Disorder
• Can Dreams Reveal Who We Are As An Individual?
• Why Do Brains Need to Dream?
• Why Dreaming is a Healthy Exercise For the Brain.
• Why Men’s Dreams are Seemingly More Violent?
• How Are Adolescent Dreams Different Than Those of College Students?
• Can Mental Health Issues be Spotted Through Dreams?
• Can Dreams Indicate a Person’s Future Personality?

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100 Interesting Psychology Research Paper Topics to Write About

Coming up with great psychology topics can be more challenging than researching and writing. Luckily, students can find a wide range of interesting psychology topics to write about. The topic that a student chooses is the first thing that will pique their attention and interest. It can help them to perceive the main idea and content of a paper or essay.

But, what are the best psychology topics to write about? Well, psychology topics for research papers vary from social psychology to women’s psychology. Nevertheless, students should choose their psychology project topics based on what they find interesting. What’s more, learners should choose psychology research paper topics that will enable them to achieve their goals.

Choosing The Best Psychology Topics

Perhaps, you’re not sure whether the topic you want to choose is the best for your paper. In that case, consider the following quality of the best psychology topics for the research paper:

• Research question – A good topic focuses on answering a specific question.
• Clarity – The topic is clear and easy to understand.
• Well defined – The best topic is well-phrased using an easy-to-understand language.
• Importance – The best topic has current importance. That means it’s not obsolete.

Although there are many psychology debate topics that learners can find online, not all of them have these attributes. Therefore, students should analyze the psychology paper topics they find online before they start working on them. If struggling to find psychology topics for presentation or research, you can pick ideas from this list.

Great Social Psychology Topics

Perhaps, you’re wondering, what are some social psychology topics that you can write about? Well, here are some of the best topics in social psychology to consider.

• What are the best ways for families to cope with grief?
• Factors that can bring severe change in the perspective of a person towards religion
• What role do violence and aggression play in society?
• LGBT and self-esteem
• Teenage psychology
• Impact of depression on cognitive development
• Does physical disability cause psychological disability?
• What is the psychological perspective of disabled persons?
• How to deal with anxiety
• Is family counseling important?
• How do people respond to nonverbal communication that doesn’t match verbal behavior?
• Are humans good at exposing lies?
• How do people react when others violate social norms?
• What is the effect of attitude on appearance?
• Do social networks enhance human interactions?
• How can obedience to authority cause cruelty?
• What measures can be taken to control the aggression of street demonstrators?
• Compliance, conformity, and obedience as a social status function
• How can belonging to a group alter the behavior of an individual?
• How is the behavior of a person modeled by society?

These are some of the best research topics in social psychology. However, each of these topics requires extensive research before writing about them.

Developmental Psychology Topics

Developmental psychology research topics are mostly about early childhood. They aim to address issues like social learning, language development, and childhood attachment. Here are some of the best topics in developmental psychology that you can consider.

• Mirroring behavior in kids- What are the major types?
• How does ignoring the emotional needs of a child affects their adult life?
• What psychological changes relate to old age?
• What are the similarities and differences between mirror tests in kids and animals?
• Does child abuse cause multiple psychological afflictions in life?
• What are the major emotional needs of children?
• What are the similarities and differences between the midlife crisis in women and men?
• How does short-term memory evolve from an early age to an advanced age?
• How can bullying be tacked by psychology development?
• What causes violence in kids?
• How can child development be influenced by parental development>
• What increases the chances of child abuse?
• What is the role of gender in modern society?
• What factors affect the ability to learn languages?
• How does media facilitate violence?
• What causes psychopathic behavior among the youth?
• What psychological reasons cause aging?
• How can bullying affect the achievement of a student?
• Health impact on psychological development
• Learning capabilities decline with age. Explain.

These are some of the best psychological research proposal topics that students can present to their educators. Nevertheless, anybody that is interested in child psychology topics can consider them.

Cognitive Psychology Topics

Topics in cognitive psychology explore areas like thinking, intelligence, decision-making, and language. Here are some of the best topics to consider in this category.

• How is the development of children influenced by ADHD?
• How is modern society affected by Autism?
• How can memory loss be recovered?
• How is color psychology used in the study of cognitive development?
• How can the attention span be measured effectively in children?
• Why do people have memories?
• What affects the ability to solve problems in children?
• How can cognitive development and life be affected by speech disorders in children?
• How do cognitive psychology experiments measure the critical thinking ability of a person?
• What factors can cause repressed memory parts?
• What can influence judgment when it comes to decision-making?
• How can analytical and critical abilities be increased?
• Explain the decision-making psychology- How do people make choices?
• Explain the dual-process theory of thinking
• Explain Paramnesia- How is it exhibited?
• Discuss the Déjà vu effect- What are the psychological mechanisms?
• Power loads influence different directions on short-term memory properties
• What role does attention play in cognitive processes development
• What are the cognitive development features in preschool children?
• The social and natural components of altruism and empathy

Some of these are great children’s psychology topics. If looking for some of the best psychology dissertation topics, you can also consider some in this category.

Controversial Psychology Topics

Do you want to research and write about controversial topics in psychology ? In that case, consider this list of psychology dissertation topics:

• Can homosexuality be described as a psychological condition?
• Should an attempt to correct homosexuality be made?
• Why do some people consider homosexuality a negative thing?
• Ethics that surround the development and use of cognitive-enhancing drugs
• The validity of the diagnosis based on DSM criteria
• Is the negativity that surrounds homosexuality justified or is it the typical disgust and fear for the lesser and minority public mentality?
• Can a parent be the perpetrator of child sexual abuse?
• The psychological profile of the typical perpetrator of child abuse
• Ex-felons workplace psychology
• How negative parenting affects child psychology
• How justified is a crime as a way to cope with trauma?
• Past-life regression therapy and hypnotherapy- Science or clinical hocus-pocus?
• Is alternative reality a result of being drugged?
• Paranormal and parapsychology phenomenon- Are they real?
• Online dating and social networks- How do they affect teenagers psychologically?
• Is there more social pressure than individual willingness when it comes to having children?
• Are human beings naturally violent?
• How can parents’ divorce harm children?
• Are behavioral and human cognitive activities determined?
• How can the employment of a mother affect her children?

Some of these are amazing educational psychology topics. However, learners that choose these topics should be ready to research extensively and analyze data before they write their papers or essays.

Health Psychology Topics

Perhaps, you want to study a specific health condition that relates to psychology. In that case, you should consider health psychology research topics. This category can also include abnormal psychology topics. Here are some of the best topics to consider in health psychology.

• The role of psychological assistance in the management of eating disorders
• The efficiency of group therapy in palliative care
• The management of chronic pain via meditation techniques
• Effective interventions for enforcing abstinence among drug addicts
• The best approaches for managing depression and stress in cancer patients
• Physical exercise is an important stress and mood control tool
• The effects of physical exercise and social interaction on cognitive abilities
• Communication strategies that encourage regular screening among patients
• Lessons learned during the 12-step Alcoholics Anonymous programs
• The psychological interpretation of belief as a central role in Alcoholics Anonymous
• Depression and social cognition
• Adjusting to physical illness- What is the best approach?
• How do eating disorders affect society?
• What is the best way to treat ADHD in a family system?
• How does AIDS affect a family psychologically?
• How anxiety disorders affect male adults
• Explain the sexuality offending behavior
• Explain how insomnia affects a person
• How is old age affected by schizophrenia?
• Mental disorders and mood disorders – are they related?

In addition to these topics, learners can also consider forensic psychology topics and sports psychology topics. You just need to contact our academic writers , they are ready to help you 24/7. Students should select topics they are interested in and capable of finding enough information to write about, but we can help you with sources as well.

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Chapter 2: Getting Started in Research

Generating Good Research Questions

Learning Objectives

• Describe some common sources of research ideas and generate research ideas using those sources.
• Describe some techniques for turning research ideas into empirical research questions and use those techniques to generate questions.
• Explain what makes a research question interesting and evaluate research questions in terms of their interestingness.

Good research must begin with a good research question. Yet coming up with good research questions is something that novice researchers often find difficult and stressful. One reason is that this is a creative process that can appear mysterious—even magical—with experienced researchers seeming to pull interesting research questions out of thin air. However, psychological research on creativity has shown that it is neither as mysterious nor as magical as it appears. It is largely the product of ordinary thinking strategies and persistence (Weisberg, 1993) [1] . This section covers some fairly simple strategies for finding general research ideas, turning those ideas into empirically testable research questions, and finally evaluating those questions in terms of how interesting they are and how feasible they would be to answer.

Finding Inspiration

Research questions often begin as more general research ideas—usually focusing on some behaviour or psychological characteristic: talkativeness, learning, depression, bungee jumping, and so on. Before looking at how to turn such ideas into empirically testable research questions, it is worth looking at where such ideas come from in the first place. Three of the most common sources of inspiration are informal observations, practical problems, and previous research.

Informal observations include direct observations of our own and others’ behaviour as well as secondhand observations from nonscientific sources such as newspapers, books, blogs, and so on. For example, you might notice that you always seem to be in the slowest moving line at the grocery store. Could it be that most people think the same thing? Or you might read in a local newspaper about people donating money and food to a local family whose house has burned down and begin to wonder about who makes such donations and why. Some of the most famous research in psychology has been inspired by informal observations. Stanley Milgram’s famous research on obedience to authority, for example, was inspired in part by journalistic reports of the trials of accused Nazi war criminals—many of whom claimed that they were only obeying orders. This led him to wonder about the extent to which ordinary people will commit immoral acts simply because they are ordered to do so by an authority figure (Milgram, 1963) [2] .

Practical problems can also inspire research ideas, leading directly to applied research in such domains as law, health, education, and sports. Does taking lecture notes by hand improve students’ exam performance? How effective is psychotherapy for depression compared to drug therapy? To what extent do cell phones impair people’s driving ability? How can we teach children to read more efficiently? What is the best mental preparation for running a marathon?

Probably the most common inspiration for new research ideas, however, is previous research. Recall that science is a kind of large-scale collaboration in which many different researchers read and evaluate each other’s work and conduct new studies to build on it. Of course, experienced researchers are familiar with previous research in their area of expertise and probably have a long list of ideas. This suggests that novice researchers can find inspiration by consulting with a more experienced researcher (e.g., students can consult a faculty member). But they can also find inspiration by picking up a copy of almost any professional journal and reading the titles and abstracts. In one typical issue of  Psychological Science , for example, you can find articles on the perception of shapes, anti-Semitism, police lineups, the meaning of death, second-language learning, people who seek negative emotional experiences, and many other topics. If you can narrow your interests down to a particular topic (e.g., memory) or domain (e.g., health care), you can also look through more specific journals, such as  Memory & Cognition  or  Health Psychology .

Generating Empirically Testable Research Questions

Once you have a research idea, you need to use it to generate one or more empirically testable research questions, that is, questions expressed in terms of a single variable or relationship between variables. One way to do this is to look closely at the discussion section in a recent research article on the topic. This is the last major section of the article, in which the researchers summarize their results, interpret them in the context of past research, and suggest directions for future research. These suggestions often take the form of specific research questions, which you can then try to answer with additional research. This can be a good strategy because it is likely that the suggested questions have already been identified as interesting and important by experienced researchers.

But you may also want to generate your own research questions. How can you do this? First, if you have a particular behaviour or psychological characteristic in mind, you can simply conceptualize it as a variable and ask how frequent or intense it is. How many words on average do people speak per day? How accurate are our memories of traumatic events? What percentage of people have sought professional help for depression? If the question has never been studied scientifically—which is something that you will learn in your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing.

If scientific research has already answered the question of how frequent or intense the behaviour or characteristic is, then you should consider turning it into a question about a statistical relationship between that behaviour or characteristic and some other variable. One way to do this is to ask yourself the following series of more general questions and write down all the answers you can think of.

• What are some possible causes of the behaviour or characteristic?
• What are some possible effects of the behaviour or characteristic?
• What types of people might exhibit more or less of the behaviour or characteristic?
• What types of situations might elicit more or less of the behaviour or characteristic?

In general, each answer you write down can be conceptualized as a second variable, suggesting a question about a statistical relationship. If you were interested in talkativeness, for example, it might occur to you that a possible cause of this psychological characteristic is family size. Is there a statistical relationship between family size and talkativeness? Or it might occur to you that people seem to be more talkative in same-sex groups than mixed-sex groups. Is there a difference in the average level of talkativeness of people in same-sex groups and people in mixed-sex groups? This approach should allow you to generate many different empirically testable questions about almost any behaviour or psychological characteristic.

If through this process you generate a question that has never been studied scientifically—which again is something that you will learn in your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing. But what if you find that it has been studied scientifically? Although novice researchers often want to give up and move on to a new question at this point, this is not necessarily a good strategy. For one thing, the fact that the question has been studied scientifically and the research published suggests that it is of interest to the scientific community. For another, the question can almost certainly be refined so that its answer will still contribute something new to the research literature. Again, asking yourself a series of more general questions about the statistical relationship is a good strategy.

• Are there other ways to operationally define the variables?
• Are there types of people for whom the statistical relationship might be stronger or weaker?
• Are there situations in which the statistical relationship might be stronger or weaker—including situations with practical importance?

For example, research has shown that women and men speak about the same number of words per day—but this was when talkativeness was measured in terms of the number of words spoken per day among university students in the United States and Mexico. We can still ask whether other ways of measuring talkativeness—perhaps the number of different people spoken to each day—produce the same result. Or we can ask whether studying elderly people or people from other cultures produces the same result. Again, this approach should help you generate many different research questions about almost any statistical relationship.

Evaluating Research Questions

Researchers usually generate many more research questions than they ever attempt to answer. This means they must have some way of evaluating the research questions they generate so that they can choose which ones to pursue. In this section, we consider two criteria for evaluating research questions: the interestingness of the question and the feasibility of answering it.

Interestingness

How often do people tie their shoes? Do people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw? Are women more likely to wear makeup than men? Do people prefer vanilla or chocolate ice cream? Although it would be a fairly simple matter to design a study and collect data to answer these questions, you probably would not want to because they are not interesting. We are not talking here about whether a research question is interesting to us personally but whether it is interesting to people more generally and, especially, to the scientific community. But what makes a research question interesting in this sense? Here we look at three factors that affect the  interestingness  of a research question: the answer is in doubt, the answer fills a gap in the research literature, and the answer has important practical implications.

First, a research question is interesting to the extent that its answer is in doubt. Obviously, questions that have been answered by scientific research are no longer interesting as the subject of new empirical research. But the fact that a question has not been answered by scientific research does not necessarily make it interesting. There has to be some reasonable chance that the answer to the question will be something that we did not already know. But how can you assess this before actually collecting data? One approach is to try to think of reasons to expect different answers to the question—especially ones that seem to conflict with common sense. If you can think of reasons to expect at least two different answers, then the question might be interesting. If you can think of reasons to expect only one answer, then it probably is not. The question of whether women are more talkative than men is interesting because there are reasons to expect both answers. The existence of the stereotype itself suggests the answer could be yes, but the fact that women’s and men’s verbal abilities are fairly similar suggests the answer could be no. The question of whether people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw is not interesting because there is absolutely no reason to think that the answer could be anything other than a resounding yes.

A second important factor to consider when deciding if a research question is interesting is whether answering it will fill a gap in the research literature. Again, this means in part that the question has not already been answered by scientific research. But it also means that the question is in some sense a natural one for people who are familiar with the research literature. For example, the question of whether taking lecture notes by hand can help improve students’ exam performance would be likely to occur to anyone who was familiar with research on notetaking and the ineffectiveness of shallow processing on learning.

A final factor to consider when deciding whether a research question is interesting is whether its answer has important practical implications. Again, the question of whether taking notes by hand improves learning has important implications for education, including classroom policies concerning technology use. The question of whether cell phone use impairs driving is interesting because it is relevant to the personal safety of everyone who travels by car and to the debate over whether cell phone use should be restricted by law.

Feasibility

A second important criterion for evaluating research questions is the feasibility  of successfully answering them. There are many factors that affect feasibility, including time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants. Clearly, researchers need to take these factors into account so that they do not waste time and effort pursuing research that they cannot complete successfully.

Looking through a sample of professional journals in psychology will reveal many studies that are complicated and difficult to carry out. These include longitudinal designs in which participants are tracked over many years, neuroimaging studies in which participants’ brain activity is measured while they carry out various mental tasks, and complex nonexperimental studies involving several variables and complicated statistical analyses. Keep in mind, though, that such research tends to be carried out by teams of highly trained researchers whose work is often supported in part by government and private grants. Keep in mind also that research does not have to be complicated or difficult to produce interesting and important results. Looking through a sample of professional journals will also reveal studies that are relatively simple and easy to carry out—perhaps involving a convenience sample of university students and a paper-and-pencil task.

A final point here is that it is generally good practice to use methods that have already been used successfully by other researchers. For example, if you want to manipulate people’s moods to make some of them happy, it would be a good idea to use one of the many approaches that have been used successfully by other researchers (e.g., paying them a compliment). This is good not only for the sake of feasibility—the approach is “tried and true”—but also because it provides greater continuity with previous research. This makes it easier to compare your results with those of other researchers and to understand the implications of their research for yours, and vice versa.

Key Takeaways

• Research ideas can come from a variety of sources, including informal observations, practical problems, and previous research.
• Research questions expressed in terms of variables and relationships between variables can be suggested by other researchers or generated by asking a series of more general questions about the behaviour or psychological characteristic of interest.
• It is important to evaluate how interesting a research question is before designing a study and collecting data to answer it. Factors that affect interestingness are the extent to which the answer is in doubt, whether it fills a gap in the research literature, and whether it has important practical implications.
• It is also important to evaluate how feasible a research question will be to answer. Factors that affect feasibility include time, money, technical knowledge and skill, and access to special equipment and research participants.
• Practice: Generate five research ideas based on each of the following: informal observations, practical problems, and topics discussed in recent issues of professional journals.
• Practice: Generate five empirical research questions about each of the following behaviours or psychological characteristics: long-distance running, getting tattooed, social anxiety, bullying, and memory for early childhood events.
• Practice: Evaluate each of the research questions you generated in Exercise 2 in terms of its interestingness based on the criteria discussed in this section.
• Practice: Find an issue of a journal that publishes short empirical research reports (e.g.,  Psychological Science ,  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ). Pick three studies, and rate each one in terms of how feasible it would be for you to replicate it with the resources available to you right now. Use the following rating scale: (1) You could replicate it essentially as reported. (2) You could replicate it with some simplifications. (3) You could not replicate it. Explain each rating.

Video Attributions

• “ How to Develop a Good Research Topic ” by KStateLibraries . CC BY (Attribution)
• Weisberg, R. W. (1993). Creativity: Beyond the myth of genius . New York, NY: Freeman. ↵
• Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioural study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 , 371–378. ↵

The level a research question is interesting to the scientific community and people in general.

the state or ability of being easily or conveniently completed.

Research Methods in Psychology - 2nd Canadian Edition Copyright © 2015 by Paul C. Price, Rajiv Jhangiani, & I-Chant A. Chiang is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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2.2 Generating Good Research Questions

Learning objectives.

• Describe some common sources of research ideas and generate research ideas using those sources.
• Describe some techniques for turning research ideas into empirical research questions and use those techniques to generate questions.
• Explain what makes a research question interesting and evaluate research questions in terms of their interestingness.

Good research must begin with a good research question. Yet coming up with good research questions is something that novice researchers often find difficult and stressful. One reason is that this is a creative process that can appear mysterious—even magical—with experienced researchers seeming to pull interesting research questions out of thin air. However, psychological research on creativity has shown that it is neither as mysterious nor as magical as it appears. It is largely the product of ordinary thinking strategies and persistence (Weisberg, 1993). This section covers some fairly simple strategies for finding general research ideas, turning those ideas into empirically testable research questions, and finally evaluating those questions in terms of how interesting they are and how feasible they would be to answer.

Finding Inspiration

Research questions often begin as more general research ideas—usually focusing on some behavior or psychological characteristic: talkativeness, memory for touches, depression, bungee jumping, and so on. Before looking at how to turn such ideas into empirically testable research questions, it is worth looking at where such ideas come from in the first place. Three of the most common sources of inspiration are informal observations, practical problems, and previous research.

Informal observations include direct observations of our own and others’ behavior as well as secondhand observations from nonscientific sources such as newspapers, books, and so on. For example, you might notice that you always seem to be in the slowest moving line at the grocery store. Could it be that most people think the same thing? Or you might read in the local newspaper about people donating money and food to a local family whose house has burned down and begin to wonder about who makes such donations and why. Some of the most famous research in psychology has been inspired by informal observations. Stanley Milgram’s famous research on obedience, for example, was inspired in part by journalistic reports of the trials of accused Nazi war criminals—many of whom claimed that they were only obeying orders. This led him to wonder about the extent to which ordinary people will commit immoral acts simply because they are ordered to do so by an authority figure (Milgram, 1963).

Practical problems can also inspire research ideas, leading directly to applied research in such domains as law, health, education, and sports. Can human figure drawings help children remember details about being physically or sexually abused? How effective is psychotherapy for depression compared to drug therapy? To what extent do cell phones impair people’s driving ability? How can we teach children to read more efficiently? What is the best mental preparation for running a marathon?

Probably the most common inspiration for new research ideas, however, is previous research. Recall that science is a kind of large-scale collaboration in which many different researchers read and evaluate each other’s work and conduct new studies to build on it. Of course, experienced researchers are familiar with previous research in their area of expertise and probably have a long list of ideas. This suggests that novice researchers can find inspiration by consulting with a more experienced researcher (e.g., students can consult a faculty member). But they can also find inspiration by picking up a copy of almost any professional journal and reading the titles and abstracts. In one typical issue of Psychological Science , for example, you can find articles on the perception of shapes, anti-Semitism, police lineups, the meaning of death, second-language learning, people who seek negative emotional experiences, and many other topics. If you can narrow your interests down to a particular topic (e.g., memory) or domain (e.g., health care), you can also look through more specific journals, such as Memory & Cognition or Health Psychology .

Generating Empirically Testable Research Questions

Once you have a research idea, you need to use it to generate one or more empirically testable research questions, that is, questions expressed in terms of a single variable or relationship between variables. One way to do this is to look closely at the discussion section in a recent research article on the topic. This is the last major section of the article, in which the researchers summarize their results, interpret them in the context of past research, and suggest directions for future research. These suggestions often take the form of specific research questions, which you can then try to answer with additional research. This can be a good strategy because it is likely that the suggested questions have already been identified as interesting and important by experienced researchers.

But you may also want to generate your own research questions. How can you do this? First, if you have a particular behavior or psychological characteristic in mind, you can simply conceptualize it as a variable and ask how frequent or intense it is. How many words on average do people speak per day? How accurate are children’s memories of being touched? What percentage of people have sought professional help for depression? If the question has never been studied scientifically—which is something that you will learn in your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing.

If scientific research has already answered the question of how frequent or intense the behavior or characteristic is, then you should consider turning it into a question about a statistical relationship between that behavior or characteristic and some other variable. One way to do this is to ask yourself the following series of more general questions and write down all the answers you can think of.

• What are some possible causes of the behavior or characteristic?
• What are some possible effects of the behavior or characteristic?
• What types of people might exhibit more or less of the behavior or characteristic?
• What types of situations might elicit more or less of the behavior or characteristic?

In general, each answer you write down can be conceptualized as a second variable, suggesting a question about a statistical relationship. If you were interested in talkativeness, for example, it might occur to you that a possible cause of this psychological characteristic is family size. Is there a statistical relationship between family size and talkativeness? Or it might occur to you that people seem to be more talkative in same-sex groups than mixed-sex groups. Is there a difference in the average level of talkativeness of people in same-sex groups and people in mixed-sex groups? This approach should allow you to generate many different empirically testable questions about almost any behavior or psychological characteristic.

If through this process you generate a question that has never been studied scientifically—which again is something that you will learn in your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing. But what if you find that it has been studied scientifically? Although novice researchers often want to give up and move on to a new question at this point, this is not necessarily a good strategy. For one thing, the fact that the question has been studied scientifically and the research published suggests that it is of interest to the scientific community. For another, the question can almost certainly be refined so that its answer will still contribute something new to the research literature. Again, asking yourself a series of more general questions about the statistical relationship is a good strategy.

• Are there other ways to operationally define the variables?
• Are there types of people for whom the statistical relationship might be stronger or weaker?
• Are there situations in which the statistical relationship might be stronger or weaker—including situations with practical importance?

For example, research has shown that women and men speak about the same number of words per day—but this was when talkativeness was measured in terms of the number of words spoken per day among college students in the United States and Mexico. We can still ask whether other ways of measuring talkativeness—perhaps the number of different people spoken to each day—produce the same result. Or we can ask whether studying elderly people or people from other cultures produces the same result. Again, this approach should help you generate many different research questions about almost any statistical relationship.

Evaluating Research Questions

Researchers usually generate many more research questions than they ever attempt to answer. This means they must have some way of evaluating the research questions they generate so that they can choose which ones to pursue. In this section, we consider two criteria for evaluating research questions: the interestingness of the question and the feasibility of answering it.

Interestingness

How often do people tie their shoes? Do people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw? Are women more likely to wear makeup than men? Do people prefer vanilla or chocolate ice cream? Although it would be a fairly simple matter to design a study and collect data to answer these questions, you probably would not want to because they are not interesting. We are not talking here about whether a research question is interesting to us personally but whether it is interesting to people more generally and, especially, to the scientific community. But what makes a research question interesting in this sense? Here we look at three factors that affect the interestingness of a research question: the answer is in doubt, the answer fills a gap in the research literature, and the answer has important practical implications.

First, a research question is interesting to the extent that its answer is in doubt. Obviously, questions that have been answered by scientific research are no longer interesting as the subject of new empirical research. But the fact that a question has not been answered by scientific research does not necessarily make it interesting. There has to be some reasonable chance that the answer to the question will be something that we did not already know. But how can you assess this before actually collecting data? One approach is to try to think of reasons to expect different answers to the question—especially ones that seem to conflict with common sense. If you can think of reasons to expect at least two different answers, then the question might be interesting. If you can think of reasons to expect only one answer, then it probably is not. The question of whether women are more talkative than men is interesting because there are reasons to expect both answers. The existence of the stereotype itself suggests the answer could be yes, but the fact that women’s and men’s verbal abilities are fairly similar suggests the answer could be no. The question of whether people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw is not interesting because there is absolutely no reason to think that the answer could be anything other than a resounding yes.

A second important factor to consider when deciding if a research question is interesting is whether answering it will fill a gap in the research literature. Again, this means in part that the question has not already been answered by scientific research. But it also means that the question is in some sense a natural one for people who are familiar with the research literature. For example, the question of whether human figure drawings can help children recall touch information would be likely to occur to anyone who was familiar with research on the unreliability of eyewitness memory (especially in children) and the ineffectiveness of some alternative interviewing techniques.

A final factor to consider when deciding whether a research question is interesting is whether its answer has important practical implications. Again, the question of whether human figure drawings help children recall information about being touched has important implications for how children are interviewed in physical and sexual abuse cases. The question of whether cell phone use impairs driving is interesting because it is relevant to the personal safety of everyone who travels by car and to the debate over whether cell phone use should be restricted by law.

Feasibility

A second important criterion for evaluating research questions is the feasibility of successfully answering them. There are many factors that affect feasibility, including time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants. Clearly, researchers need to take these factors into account so that they do not waste time and effort pursuing research that they cannot complete successfully.

Looking through a sample of professional journals in psychology will reveal many studies that are complicated and difficult to carry out. These include longitudinal designs in which participants are tracked over many years, neuroimaging studies in which participants’ brain activity is measured while they carry out various mental tasks, and complex nonexperimental studies involving several variables and complicated statistical analyses. Keep in mind, though, that such research tends to be carried out by teams of highly trained researchers whose work is often supported in part by government and private grants. Keep in mind also that research does not have to be complicated or difficult to produce interesting and important results. Looking through a sample of professional journals will also reveal studies that are relatively simple and easy to carry out—perhaps involving a convenience sample of college students and a paper-and-pencil task.

A final point here is that it is generally good practice to use methods that have already been used successfully by other researchers. For example, if you want to manipulate people’s moods to make some of them happy, it would be a good idea to use one of the many approaches that have been used successfully by other researchers (e.g., paying them a compliment). This is good not only for the sake of feasibility—the approach is “tried and true”—but also because it provides greater continuity with previous research. This makes it easier to compare your results with those of other researchers and to understand the implications of their research for yours, and vice versa.

Key Takeaways

• Research ideas can come from a variety of sources, including informal observations, practical problems, and previous research.
• Research questions expressed in terms of variables and relationships between variables can be suggested by other researchers or generated by asking a series of more general questions about the behavior or psychological characteristic of interest.
• It is important to evaluate how interesting a research question is before designing a study and collecting data to answer it. Factors that affect interestingness are the extent to which the answer is in doubt, whether it fills a gap in the research literature, and whether it has important practical implications.
• It is also important to evaluate how feasible a research question will be to answer. Factors that affect feasibility include time, money, technical knowledge and skill, and access to special equipment and research participants.
• Practice: Generate five research ideas based on each of the following: informal observations, practical problems, and topics discussed in recent issues of professional journals.
• Practice: Generate five empirical research questions about each of the following behaviors or psychological characteristics: long-distance running, getting tattooed, social anxiety, bullying, and memory for early childhood events.
• Practice: Evaluate each of the research questions you generated in Exercise 2 in terms of its interestingness based on the criteria discussed in this section.
• Practice: Find an issue of a journal that publishes short empirical research reports (e.g., Psychological Science , Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ). Pick three studies, and rate each one in terms of how feasible it would be for you to replicate it with the resources available to you right now. Use the following rating scale: (1) You could replicate it essentially as reported. (2) You could replicate it with some simplifications. (3) You could not replicate it. Explain each rating.

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 , 371–378.

Weisberg, R. W. (1993). Creativity: Beyond the myth of genius . New York, NY: Freeman.

Research Methods in Psychology Copyright © 2016 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Clinical Psychology Research Topics

Stumped for ideas? Start here

Clinical psychology research is one of the most popular subfields in psychology. With such a wide range of topics to cover, figuring out clinical psychology research topics for papers, presentations, and experiments can be tricky.

Clinical Psychology Research Topic Ideas

Topic choices are only as limited as your imagination and assignment, so try narrowing the possibilities down from general questions to the specifics that apply to your area of specialization.

Here are just a few ideas to start the process:

• How does social media influence how people interact and behave?
• Compare and contrast two different types of therapy . When is each type best used? What disorders are best treated with these forms of therapy? What are the possible limitations of each type?
• Compare two psychological disorders . What are the signs and symptoms of each? How are they diagnosed and treated?
• How does "pro ana," "pro mia," " thinspo ," and similar content contribute to eating disorders? What can people do to overcome the influence of these sites?​
• Explore how aging influences mental illness. What particular challenges elderly people diagnosed with mental illness face?
• Explore factors that influence adolescent mental health. Self-esteem and peer pressure are just a couple of the topics you might explore in greater depth.
• Explore the use and effectiveness of online therapy . What are some of its advantages and disadvantages ? How do those without technical literacy navigate it?
• Investigate current research on the impact of media violence on children's behavior.
• Explore anxiety disorders and their impact on daily functioning. What new therapies are available?
• What are the risk factors for depression ? Explore the potential risks as well as any preventative strategies that can be used.
• How do political and social climates affect mental health?
• What are the long-term effects of childhood trauma? Do children continue to experience the effects later in adulthood? What treatments are available for PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in childhood?
• What impact does substance use disorder have on the family? How can family members help with treatment?
• What types of therapy are most effective for childhood behavioral issues ?

Think of books you have read, research you have studied, and even experiences and interests from your own life. If you've ever wanted to dig further into something that interested you, this is a great opportunity. The more engaged you are with the topic, the more excited you will be to put the work in for a great research paper or presentation.

Consider Scope, Difficulty, and Suitability

Picking a good research topic is one of the most important steps of the research process. A too-general topic can feel overwhelming; likewise, one that's very specific might have limited supporting information. Spend time reading online or exploring your library to make sure that plenty of sources to support your paper, presentation, or experiment are available.

If you are doing an experiment , checking with your instructor is a must. In many cases, you might have to submit a proposal to your school's human subjects committee for approval. This committee will ensure that any potential research involving human subjects is done in a safe and ethical way.

Once you have chosen a topic that interests you, run the idea past your course instructor. (In some cases, this is required.) Even if you don't need permission from the instructor, getting feedback before you delve into the research process is helpful.

Your instructor can draw from a wealth of experience to offer good suggestions and ideas for your research, including the best available resources pertaining to the topic. Your school librarian may also be able to provide assistance regarding the resources available for use at the library, including online journal databases.

Kim WO.  Institutional review board (IRB) and ethical issues in clinical research .  Korean Journal of Anesthesiology . 2012;62(1):3-12. doi:10.4097/kjae.2012.62.1.3

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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Overview of the Scientific Method

Learning Objectives

• Describe some techniques for turning research ideas into empirical research questions and use those techniques to generate questions.
• Explain what makes a research question interesting and evaluate research questions in terms of their interestingness.

Generating Empirically Testable Research Questions

Once you have a research idea, you need to use it to generate one or more empirically testable research questions, that is, questions expressed in terms of a single variable or relationship between variables. One way to do this is to look closely at the discussion section in a recent research article on the topic. This is the last major section of the article, in which the researchers summarize their results, interpret them in the context of past research, and suggest directions for future research. These suggestions often take the form of specific research questions, which you can then try to answer with additional research. This can be a good strategy because it is likely that the suggested questions have already been identified as interesting and important by experienced researchers.

But you may also want to generate your own research questions. How can you do this? First, if you have a particular behavior or psychological characteristic in mind, you can simply conceptualize it as a variable and ask how frequent or intense it is. How many words on average do people speak per day? How accurate are our memories of traumatic events? What percentage of people have sought professional help for depression? If the question has never been studied scientifically—which is something that you will learn when you conduct your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing.

If scientific research has already answered the question of how frequent or intense the behavior or characteristic is, then you should consider turning it into a question about a relationship between that behavior or characteristic and some other variable. One way to do this is to ask yourself the following series of more general questions and write down all the answers you can think of.

• What are some possible causes of the behavior or characteristic?
• What are some possible effects of the behavior or characteristic?
• What types of people might exhibit more or less of the behavior or characteristic?
• What types of situations might elicit more or less of the behavior or characteristic?

In general, each answer you write down can be conceptualized as a second variable, suggesting a question about a relationship. If you were interested in talkativeness, for example, it might occur to you that a possible cause of this psychological characteristic is family size. Is there a relationship between family size and talkativeness? Or it might occur to you that people seem to be more talkative in same-sex groups than mixed-sex groups. Is there a difference in the average level of talkativeness of people in same-sex groups and people in mixed-sex groups? This approach should allow you to generate many different empirically testable questions about almost any behavior or psychological characteristic.

If through this process you generate a question that has never been studied scientifically—which again is something that you will learn in your literature review—then it might be interesting and worth pursuing. But what if you find that it has been studied scientifically? Although novice researchers often want to give up and move on to a new question at this point, this is not necessarily a good strategy. For one thing, the fact that the question has been studied scientifically and the research published suggests that it is of interest to the scientific community. For another, the question can almost certainly be refined so that its answer will still contribute something new to the research literature. Again, asking yourself a series of more general questions about the relationship is a good strategy.

• Are there other ways to define and measure the variables?
• Are there types of people for whom the relationship might be stronger or weaker?
• Are there situations in which the relationship might be stronger or weaker—including situations with practical importance?

For example, research has shown that women and men speak about the same number of words per day—but this was when talkativeness was measured in terms of the number of words spoken per day among university students in the United States and Mexico. We can still ask whether other ways of measuring talkativeness—perhaps the number of different people spoken to each day—produce the same result. Or we can ask whether studying elderly people or people from other cultures produces the same result. Again, this approach should help you generate many different research questions about almost any relationship.

Evaluating Research Questions

Researchers usually generate many more research questions than they ever attempt to answer. This means they must have some way of evaluating the research questions they generate so that they can choose which ones to pursue. In this section, we consider two criteria for evaluating research questions: the interestingness of the question and the feasibility of answering it.

Interestingness

How often do people tie their shoes? Do people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw? Are women more likely to wear makeup than men? Do people prefer vanilla or chocolate ice cream? Although it would be a fairly simple matter to design a study and collect data to answer these questions, you probably would not want to because they are not interesting. We are not talking here about whether a research question is interesting to us personally but whether it is interesting to people more generally and, especially, to the scientific community. But what makes a research question interesting in this sense? Here we look at three factors that affect the  interestingness  of a research question: the answer is in doubt, the answer fills a gap in the research literature, and the answer has important practical implications.

First, a research question is interesting to the extent that its answer is in doubt. Obviously, questions that have been answered by scientific research are no longer interesting as the subject of new empirical research. But the fact that a question has not been answered by scientific research does not necessarily make it interesting. There has to be some reasonable chance that the answer to the question will be something that we did not already know. But how can you assess this before actually collecting data? One approach is to try to think of reasons to expect different answers to the question—especially ones that seem to conflict with common sense. If you can think of reasons to expect at least two different answers, then the question might be interesting. If you can think of reasons to expect only one answer, then it probably is not. The question of whether women are more talkative than men is interesting because there are reasons to expect both answers. The existence of the stereotype itself suggests the answer could be yes, but the fact that women’s and men’s verbal abilities are fairly similar suggests the answer could be no. The question of whether people feel pain when you punch them in the jaw is not interesting because there is absolutely no reason to think that the answer could be anything other than a resounding yes.

A second important factor to consider when deciding if a research question is interesting is whether answering it will fill a gap in the research literature. Again, this means in part that the question has not already been answered by scientific research. But it also means that the question is in some sense a natural one for people who are familiar with the research literature. For example, the question of whether taking lecture notes by hand can help improve students’ exam performance would be likely to occur to anyone who was familiar with research on note taking and the ineffectiveness of shallow processing on learning.

A final factor to consider when deciding whether a research question is interesting is whether its answer has important practical implications. Again, the question of whether taking notes by hand improves learning has important implications for education, including classroom policies concerning technology use. The question of whether cell phone use impairs driving is interesting because it is relevant to the personal safety of everyone who travels by car and to the debate over whether cell phone use should be restricted by law.

Feasibility

A second important criterion for evaluating research questions is the feasibility  of successfully answering them. There are many factors that affect feasibility, including time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants. Clearly, researchers need to take these factors into account so that they do not waste time and effort pursuing research that they cannot complete successfully.

Looking through a sample of professional journals in psychology will reveal many studies that are complicated and difficult to carry out. These include longitudinal designs in which participants are tracked over many years, neuroimaging studies in which participants’ brain activity is measured while they carry out various mental tasks, and complex non-experimental studies involving several variables and complicated statistical analyses. Keep in mind, though, that such research tends to be carried out by teams of highly trained researchers whose work is often supported in part by government and private grants. Also, keep in mind that research does not have to be complicated or difficult to produce interesting and important results. Looking through a sample of professional journals will also reveal studies that are relatively simple and easy to carry out—perhaps involving a convenience sample of university students and a paper-and-pencil task.

A final point here is that it is generally good practice to use methods that have already been used successfully by other researchers. For example, if you want to manipulate people’s moods to make some of them happy, it would be a good idea to use one of the many approaches that have been used successfully by other researchers (e.g., paying them a compliment). This is good not only for the sake of feasibility—the approach is “tried and true”—but also because it provides greater continuity with previous research. This makes it easier to compare your results with those of other researchers and to understand the implications of their research for yours, and vice versa.

How interesting the question is to people generally or the scientific community. Three things need to be considered: Is the answer in doubt, fills a gap in research literature, and has important practical implications.

How likely is the research question going to be successfully answered depending on the amount of time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants there will be.

Research Methods in Psychology Copyright © 2019 by Rajiv S. Jhangiani, I-Chant A. Chiang, Carrie Cuttler, & Dana C. Leighton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Understanding psychological testing and assessment

Psychological testing may sound intimidating, but it’s designed to help you. Psychologists use tests and other assessment tools to measure and observe a patient’s behavior to arrive at a diagnosis and guide treatment.

• Testing, Assessment, and Measurement

If you or a family member has been referred for psychological testing, you probably have some questions about what to expect. Or you may have heard about psychological testing and wonder if you or a family member should be tested. Psychological testing may sound intimidating, but it’s designed to help you.

In many ways, psychological testing and assessment are similar to medical tests. If a patient has physical symptoms, a primary care provider may order X-rays or blood tests to understand what’s causing those symptoms. The results of the tests will help inform develop a treatment plan.

Psychological evaluations serve the same purpose. Psychologists use tests and other assessment tools to measure and observe a patient’s behavior to arrive at a diagnosis and guide treatment.

Psychologists administer tests and assessments for a wide variety of reasons. Children who are experiencing difficulty in school, for example, may undergo aptitude testing or tests for learning disabilities. Tests for skills such as dexterity, reaction time, and memory can help a neuropsychologist diagnose conditions such as brain injuries or dementia.

If a person is having problems at work or school, or in personal relationships, tests can help a psychologist understand whether the person might have issues with anger management or interpersonal skills, or certain personality traits that contribute to the problem. Other tests evaluate whether patients are experiencing emotional disorders such as anxiety or depression.

The underlying cause of a person’s problems isn’t always clear. For example, if a child is having trouble in school, do they have a reading problem such as dyslexia? An attention problem such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Difficulty with impulse control? Psychological tests and assessments allow a psychologist to understand the nature of the problem, and to figure out the best way to go about addressing it.

Tests and assessments

Tests and assessments are two separate but related components of a psychological evaluation. Psychologists use both types of tools to help them arrive at a diagnosis and a treatment plan.

Testing involves the use of formal tests such as questionnaires or checklists. These are often described as “norm-referenced” tests. That simply means the tests have been standardized so that test-takers are evaluated in a similar way, no matter where they live or who administers the test. A norm-referenced test of a child’s reading abilities, for example, may rank that child’s ability compared to other children of similar age or grade level. Norm-referenced tests have been developed and evaluated by researchers and proven to be effective for measuring a particular trait or disorder.

A psychological assessment can include numerous components such as norm-referenced psychological tests, informal tests and surveys, interview information, school or medical records, medical evaluation, and observational data. A psychologist determines what information to use based on the specific questions being asked. For example, assessments can be used to determine if a person has a learning disorder, is competent to stand trial, or has a traumatic brain injury. They can also be used to determine if a person would be a good manager or how well they may work with a team.

One common assessment technique, for instance, is a clinical interview. When a psychologist speaks to a patient about his or her concerns and history, they’re able to observe how the patient thinks, reasons, and interacts with others. Assessments may also include interviewing other people who are close to the patient, such as teachers, coworkers, or family members. (Such interviews, however, would only be performed with written consent from the patient.)

Together, testing and assessment allow a psychologist to see the full picture of a person’s strengths and limitations.

Seeing a psychologist

Psychological tests are not one-size-fits-all. Psychologists pick and choose a specific set of assessments and tests for each individual patient. And not just anyone can perform a psychological evaluation. Licensed clinical psychologists are expertly trained to administer assessments and tests and interpret the results.

In many cases, psychologists who administer tests will then treat patients with psychotherapy. Some psychologists focus only on evaluating patients, and then refer them to other specialists for treatment after they’ve made a diagnosis. In either case, the testing and assessment process will help ensure that the patient receives treatment that’s tailored to his or her individual needs.

What to expect

Psychological testing isn’t like taking a multiple-choice exam that you either pass or fail. Rather, psychologists use information from the various tests and assessments to reach a specific diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.

Some people are tempted to peek at the tests ahead of time. If they suspect they may have a particular problem, they may look online for a practice test of that problem. That’s a bad idea, experts say. In fact, practicing ahead of time usually backfires—when you try to take the test in a certain way, the answers may be inconsistent and make you appear to have more problems than you actually do.

Remember, psychological testing and assessment is nothing to fear. It’s not something you need to study for. Rather, it’s an opportunity for psychologists to determine the best way to help you.

Thanks to Michelle F. Eabon, PhD, and Dan Abrahamson, PhD, for contributing to this article.

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When It Comes to Influencers, Smaller Can Be Better

Companies that rely on celebrities with lots of followers are missing out.

Though celebrity influencers get lots of attention, they often don’t produce sales. When Bocconi University’s Maximilian Beichert and colleagues looked at the data on close to 2 million purchases and hundreds of paid influencer endorsements, they discovered that influencers with fewer than 10,000 followers delivered far better returns. In this article Beichert shares his findings along with tips on getting the best results from influencer campaigns.

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Researchers are studying why hostility has become so high between groups with different political leanings.

Divided we stand: The rise of political animosity

Scientists peered into the partisan abyss. Here’s what they found.

By Carl-Johan Karlsson 08.19.2024

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America, it is often said, has never been more divided. Gone are the days when politicians routinely brokered deals across the aisle, and Republican and Democratic voters could disagree on policy yet still get along over the dinner table. Instead, polarization has transformed the democratic process, which once thrived on compromise and respectful dialogue, into a winner-takes-all battleground of dysfunction and animosity.

Congress, mired in perpetual gridlock, struggles to pass even the most essential legislation, undermining the principles of democracy. This legislative stalemate reflects a broader societal trend where Americans increasingly see those with opposing views not merely as adversaries, but as enemies.

This revelation has caused scholars to reevaluate the historical assumptions about what divides us as citizens: Is it anti-immigrant nationalism that pushes us towards the poles, or is it the widening chasm of inequality? Could the culprit be unchecked online vitriol and the diminished gatekeeping role of traditional media? Or perhaps it’s the allure of strongman leadership in uncertain times?

These deep divisions, which have intensified since the 1980s, were once deemed a largely American saga, with many experts blaming the country’s unusual two-party system. But in the past decade, political scientists have uncovered a similar trend across the globe — not just in countries with two invariably dominating political parties but in nations with diverse societal compositions, governing structures and levels of economic development. Such divisions have been reported in well-established multiparty democracies like Switzerland, Denmark and New Zealand, and in emerging economies such as Bulgaria, Turkey, the Czech Republic and Poland.

While there is no one explanation for why countries worldwide are fraying into extremes, recent findings suggest a common denominator: namely, that the key driver of polarization is more about emotion and identity than policy positions — a phenomenon known as “affective polarization.” Researchers are increasingly focusing on how people’s emotional and identity-based attachments to their political groups fuel hostility toward the opposition.

This shift in understanding emphasizes that the divide isn’t merely about differing opinions on issues. It is deeply rooted in the perception of political opponents as threats to one’s way of life and core values.

Once upon a friendlier time

The US wasn’t always so polarized. In fact, there was a time when some experts argued that American politics wasn’t polarized enough. In the 1950s, the American Political Science Association published a study concluding that the parties needed to become more distinct and coherent . “What the political scientists were saying in the 1950s was, ‘Nobody can tell the difference between our parties, nobody knows who to vote for, because we’re not making it clear, and so we need to be more different,’” says political psychologist Lilliana Mason of Johns Hopkins University, coauthor of the 2022 book Radical American Partisanship: Mapping Violent Hostility, Its Causes, and the Consequences for Democracy .

That ’50s report was widely criticized by the political science community at the time, but the decades that followed would set in motion sociopolitical changes that, eventually, more than fulfilled its vision.

The 1960s were the starting point of a sharper alignment in American politics, as civil rights legislation prompted many Southern Democrats to switch to the Republican Party, initiating a sorting that eventually grouped economic and racial conservatives together. Today, the increasing party distinctiveness is unmistakable in Congress. Between the 1950s and 1970s, typical members of Congress voted with their party on divisive questions just more than 60 percent of the time; in the 1990s, this figure rose past 80 percent, and since 2000, it has exceeded 87 percent.

In 2023, the average Democratic senator voted with President Biden 99 percent of the time on issues where Biden had a clear stance, according to the ABC News-owned polling website 538 . In the House, that figure was 93 percent, while the average Republican voted with the president only 5 percent of the time.

However, that doesn’t mean politicians are farther apart on policy issues than in the past, says Frances Lee, a political scientist now at Princeton University who wrote about the effect of party polarization on governance in the 2015 issue of the Annual Review of Political Science . What is often missed, Lee explains, are changes in the scope of policy issues over time. For example, even though measurements show increasing party division over what are categorized as civil rights issues, many of today’s votes are narrower in their effects than the 1960s civil rights legislation. This makes historical comparisons difficult.

In fact, Lee adds, while some measurements suggest more division , what they actually show is simply that the voting behavior of politicians has become more predictable. Unlike the bipartisan support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for example, today’s politicians tend to vote strictly with their party on divisive topics. Voting with one’s team may have become more important than policy.

A common ground ignored

Citizens may also not be as far apart on policy as commonly believed.

For example, a 2022 study published in The Journal of Politics shows that Americans severely misestimate the extent of ideological extremism of the opposing party’s voters. The authors surveyed over 13,000 Americans selected to reflect the demographics of the US population. Forty-nine percent of respondents said that voters belonging to the opposite party are extreme in their policy positions and frequently discuss politics; in reality, only 14 percent of voters behave that way.

“One thing we know is that it’s a very small slice of the public that has genuine, deep, ideological roots,” says Matthew Levendusky, a political scientist at the University of Pennsylvania who coauthored the study. “If you could give an essay quiz and ask people to explain liberalism and conservatism, that’s the domain of a small set of political activists and political hobbyists.”

Americans regularly misperceive people with different political loyalties. Participants in this survey reported their perceptions of the “typical” member of the rival party — how ideologically extreme their positions were as well as how frequently they engaged in political discussions. These ratings were then compared with actual behaviors among survey respondents.

The rest of us couldn’t explain the underlying philosophy of our policy positions. Rather, Levendusky says, people look to their party for guidance on what positions they should take, such as being in favor of more stringent gun control and climate policy if you’re a Democrat and being pro-gun rights and anti-tax if you’re a Republican.

In other words, as politicians increasingly prioritized party loyalty over policy deliberation, the electorate followed suit. By the 1990s and early 2000s, the Republican Party had become the camp of white Christian America, while the Democratic Party became a mix of everyone else, Mason says. Geographically, the divide grew: While members of different parties used to meet at church or the grocery store, Democrats increasingly became identified with urban and coastal areas, and Republicans with rural and heartland regions.

As a result, party affiliation evolved beyond political preference and became linked to racial, religious, cultural and geographical identities , Mason and coauthor Julie Wronski wrote in a 2018 paper. This alignment, they noted, intensified loyalty to one’s own party and diminished tolerance for opposing partisans. The growing focus on identity in American politics has been evident in the past decade, reflected in policy priorities, campaign strategies, media coverage and the actions of social movements.

Interestingly, Mason and Wronski’s research suggests — despite what some commentators posit — that Republicans are more susceptible to identity-based politics than those on the left, due to their party’s social homogeneity.

Mason also notes that even when Republicans and Democrats agree on policy, these identities can still foster animosity . To her, rather than carefully weighing the policies of a given party, supporters are becoming just that — supporters. In essence, we’re acting more like fans of a football team going to a game than a banker carefully choosing investments, she says.

The Democratic and Republican parties have become increasingly distinct in their demographic and ideological compositions. The Democratic Party has seen a growing representation of Blacks, Hispanics, seculars and liberals, shifting from a predominantly white coalition to one characterized by diversity and inclusion of nontraditional groups. In contrast, the Republican Party has solidified its base among whites, Christians and conservatives, reinforcing a homogeneous profile. This clear demographic sorting has led to a widely accepted view of Democrats as champions of racial diversity, religious secularism and liberalism, while Republicans are generally identified as white Christian conservatives.

Taking the political temperature

Other researchers have also concluded that mass polarization in the United States is less about policy-based division and more about people liking their own political camp and disliking the opposing one . A 2019 article in the Annual Review of Political Science , coauthored by Levendusky, shows that such affective polarization has increased drastically in the last four decades. Using survey data from the American National Election Study (ANES), the review measured feelings of warmth or coldness toward one’s own party and the opposing party on a “feeling thermometer” scale from 0 to 100.

Affective polarization, calculated as the difference between these ratings, rose from 22.64 degrees in 1978 to 40.87 degrees in 2016. While warm feelings toward one’s own party remained stable at around 70, sentiment toward the opposing party worsened significantly, dropping from the high 40s to just above 25.

More recent ANES data show that between 2016 and 2020, both warm feelings toward one’s own party and cold feelings toward the opposition increased even further, with affective polarization jumping from 41 to 52.2 degrees.

Negative feelings toward the rival party have worsened significantly, while positive feelings toward one’s own party have remained relatively stable. The trend illustrates rising affective polarization, with partisan sentiments becoming increasingly negative toward the opposition.

Researchers have found evidence of a similar dynamic playing out in other countries. For instance, one 2019 study — using the same feelings-thermometer score system — assessed supporters’ feelings toward their preferred and opposing parties in 22 European democracies and the United States between 2005 and 2016. It found that affective polarization was acutely present in European party systems — especially in Central Eastern Europe and Southern Europe.

As in the United States, hatred between voters in Europe isn’t necessarily connected to policy-based division, the study showed. But the link between the two appears to be stronger in structured, Western democracies with clear left-right spectrums, such as Germany and Sweden, notes political scientist Andres Reiljan of the European University Institute near Florence, who authored the study. Conversely, in poorer and less stable countries like Bulgaria and Montenegro, issues such as corruption and perceived incompetence might be more likely to drive hatred than policy divisions, the study suggests.

A 2021 study across 51 countries reported similar results, with countries like Bulgaria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic among the most polarized nations, while Iceland, Finland and the Netherlands appeared significantly less divided. Interestingly, these two studies showed the US as only moderately polarized when compared with other countries, but Reiljan, for one, notes that in his study, the categorization was based on figures from 2016. “Now, with our more recent data, I will say that, yes, it is comparatively also very highly polarized,” he says. “And it’s increasing faster, I would say, than most other countries.”

Reiljan’s suspicion received support from a study measuring trends in 12 OECD countries over the last 40 years. Of the countries included, the US experienced the largest increase in polarization . A 2023 study using the latest available data showed similar results, with the Unites States leading the pack in polarization if measuring the whole electorate, while affective polarization increased most noticeably in the United States and Germany among those who report a partisan identity.

Identity and emotion lead the way

One potential explanation for the intensity of partisan hatred in the US comes from a 2022 study published in the British Journal of Political Science . Examining data from 20 Western democracies since the mid-1990s, it found that people’s anger over political disagreements on issues like migration, religion and LGBTQ+ rights has intensified more than disagreement over economic issues.

These findings hint at what other scholars have proposed in the US context: that polarization today has much to do with identity and emotion. The most central topics in politics, such as abortion rights or racial policy, are essentially identity-based issues, Mason says. “And when the issue is about a group, about their very existence or status, or whether they are respected equally as Americans, or whether they have the same rights as other Americans, it doesn’t feel like an issue for that person. It feels like an existential threat.”

“That change, from debates about the economy to debates about cultural issues, based on our research, has been most dramatic in the United States,” says James Adams, a political scientist at the University of California, Davis, and a coauthor of the British Journal of Political Science study. “That may be one of the reasons why affective polarization has intensified dramatically in the United States over the last 25 years or so.”

Parties across Europe have also homed in on cultural issues, especially populist leaders who leverage explosive topics to rally voter blocs. But while most experts see the rise of extremist parties as a key driver of polarization, studies may fail to fully capture this. Measuring affective polarization in the multiparty context seen in many European countries is challenging because traditional metrics, such as the feeling thermometer, are designed for two-party systems. In multiparty systems, voters may intensely hate one party but feel neutral toward others, diluting the final score.

The US has experienced the most rapid growth in affective polarization among the general electorate since 1980 among the 12 OECD countries considered in this 2024 study, with five other countries experiencing smaller increases in polarization, and six experiencing declines in polarization.

Despite this, there’s a clear polarizing trend to be seen, with these intensely disliked populist parties growing stronger and disliking the mainstream in return, says political scientist Markus Wagner of the University of Vienna, who specializes in research on party competition and political behavior.

Negative campaigns deepen the divide

Research suggests that affective polarization is also fueled by the negative campaigning that has become a staple of modern electoral communication. A 2024 paper analyzing surveys and 17 elections between 2016 and 2020 found that political leaders’ attacks — on opponents’ policies, records or character — exacerbate affective polarization. This effect is more pronounced among those with strong partisan leanings.

Study coauthor Alessandro Nai, who specializes in political communication at the University of Amsterdam, explains that the whole system is part of a toxic spiral, with increased aggressiveness between politicians radicalizing the public, and the public — which is now more radicalized — demanding more aggressiveness from politicians. Nai also has evidence that more extreme, populist followers are more likely to appreciate negative campaign messages , finding them more amusing and fair than moderate citizens do, and are more apt to respond to such messaging with increased affective polarization. People on the populist extremes score higher in traits such as aggressiveness, narcissism and callousness in studies, Nai notes, adding that a “cold” person is therefore more likely to buy the aggressive playbook from politicians.

Importantly, some of Nai’s preliminary research also suggests that negative messaging from one’s own camp stokes more dislike than do attacks from adversaries. In other words, if one’s own preferred politician attacks an adversary, this boosts affective polarization much more than if an adversary attacks your preferred politician.

Marine Le Pen, leader of the right-wing National Rally (Rassemblement National), addresses supporters during the 2022 French presidential campaign.

CREDIT: MAXPPP / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

That might be especially true in today’s siloed, targeted and viral media environment. In their 2022 Journal of Politics paper on how Americans overestimate each other’s political extremeness , Levendusky and coauthors suggest that the caricatured image of “the other side” as extreme ideologues is fueled by social media, where much of the political content is created by people who are disproportionately committed to politics.

As a result, what comes to mind when people think of those from the other party, the study argues, are “fervent partisans pleading their cases,” rather than neighbors or colleagues who rarely discuss politics. The mass media’s focus on political conflict has further enforced this partisan stereotyping.

Simple but effective interventions

The negative impacts of severe polarization are clear. When democratic institutions are viewed as battlegrounds for existential issues rather than arenas for reasoned policymaking, it leaves legislators in gridlocks , judiciaries stacked with loyalists and erodes democratic norms. A crisis of interpersonal trust is added to one of institutional trust: Fellow citizens are reduced to loathed enemies with malicious aims; civility is replaced by hostility as public discourse deteriorates — all while the doorway widens for populist leaders who exploit our emotions by peddling divisive rhetoric and extremist ideologies.

Experts worldwide are now thinking hard behind the scenes about how to pull our societies back from the brink. It’s a mammoth task, especially if considering broader underlying issues. For example, Adams’ research highlights that inequality and unemployment drive affective polarization, and that winner-takes-all electoral systems — such as those in Canada, Britain and the United States — also tend to exacerbate the animosity. These are systemic, structural issues that can’t be solved by focusing on polarization alone. However, researchers have found that some — surprisingly simple — interventions can nonetheless be very effective.

An analysis by a research consortium studying anti-democratic sentiment identified 25 ways to reduce partisan animosity ; out of those, three stood out as particularly promising.

One successful intervention involved participants watching a commercial where pairs of individuals with opposing political views formed bonds despite their differences. The video highlighted disagreements on topics like climate change , feminism and transgender identity, yet showed the two people collaborating and ultimately choosing to socialize together. This intervention yielded a 10.47 percent decrease in animosity, based on survey questions conducted before and after the intervention.

In another intervention, participants read book quotes arguing that the news media creates polarization to maximize its audience and that most Democrats and Republicans are part of an “exhausted majority” that rejects polarization. Participants also saw data suggesting that increased consumption of news media correlates with more distorted perceptions of opposing views. Participants were then guided on retaking control from media influence and asked to advise others on achieving this. It resulted in a 10.22 percent decrease in animosity.

A third intervention had participants read about the pivotal role of democracy in America’s leadership in technology and culture, and how extreme partisanship threatens this. They learned that research shows that the vast majority of Americans support democracy and that, contrary to popular belief, most members of both parties support democratic rules, disapprove of violence, and like one another. Participants were then asked to write about their two favorite things about being American. The intervention resulted in a 9.20 percent decrease in animosity.

By appealing to people’s sense of camaraderie, common nationality and resistance to exploitative media, these simple methods proved capable of reducing partisan animosity, at least in study settings. In her 2022 book on American partisanship , Mason similarly notes how minimal interventions can have significant impacts. “We found that just reading a quote from either Joe Biden or Donald Trump that says violence is not OK makes people less approving of violence,” she says.

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Adams emphasizes the need to dial down the aggressive rhetoric among leaders, where Democrats and Republicans publicly demonize the other side. He references a working paper on the 2022 US elections that found a reduction in Twitter toxicity with this unusual method: Researchers informed politicians that they were monitoring their accounts and that their tweet toxicity scores would be sent to a non-governmental organization for possible publication just before the election.

Another effective method, Adams says, might be demonstrating to politicians that toxic rhetoric doesn’t necessarily benefit them. An additional working paper found that although politicians who frequently use insults gain more media attention, they generally perform worse than politicians who focus on policy: They’re assigned to less powerful committees, don’t perform better in elections and don’t raise more campaign funds.

Researchers are only starting to understand the prevalence and drivers of polarization around the world. And while there is no silver bullet to close the yawning social and political gaps dividing our societies, it’s a hopeful sign that the issue has now entered the public consciousness. Only five years ago, Adams says, few academic journals paid any mind to research about affective polarization. “I think a lot of political scientists just thought, ‘Well, it’s only about people’s feelings,’” he says. Then came January 6 and the storming of the US Capitol. “Suddenly, now, everyone is interested in affective polarization.”

Reiljan tells a similar story — that when he started his research as a PhD student in 2015, there was barely any cross-country scholarship on the topic available. Some months back, he hosted a conference on polarization where scholars from across Europe and North America gathered to brainstorm strategies to reduce it.

10.1146/knowable-081924-1

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How Party Polarization Affects Governance

This article demonstrates how the two major parties in the US have grown more sharply differentiated, which has undermined the functioning of governing institutions such as Congress.

The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States

The article traces the origins of animosity between the US parties (affective polarization) to the power of partisanship as a social identity.

Who Dislikes Whom? Affective Polarization between Pairs of Parties in Western Democracies

An examination of affective polarization in 20 Western democracies since the mid-1990s finds that dislike of opposing parties is increasingly driven by disagreements around cultural issues.

Deepening the rift: Negative campaigning fosters affective polarization in multiparty elections

Negative campaigning during elections significantly increases affective polarization, especially among strong partisans and those whose parties engage in, or are targeted by, attacks. The findings are based on data from 16 countries and 86 parties.

A deliberate fix for democracy

How online misinformation spreads

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