case study questions of control and coordination

Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Control and Coordination

Case study questions class 10 science chapter 7 control and coordination.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Control and Coordination. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Control and Coordination.

CBSE Case Based Questions Class 10 Science Biology Chapter 7

Case study : 1.

i) which is the target organ for the adrenaline hormone?

ii) Which hormone is released by thyroid gland?

iv) Name the hormone released by ovary?

CASE STUDY : 2

Ans: Generally there are 6 type of tropism namely phototropism, gravitropism, chemotropism, thigmotropism, thermotropism and hydrotropism.

v) Name the plant hormone which inhibits growth?

Ans: Abscisic acid

CASE STUDY : 3

ii) what are the function of medulla?

Ans: Cerebrospinal fluid.

CASE STUDY : 4

ii) How does the nervous tissue cause action?

Ans: When a nerve impulse  reaches the muscles, the muscles fibres move by changing their shape and their arrangements in the cell.

CASE STUDY : 5

iii)  At which place the electrical impulse get converted to a chemical impulse?

v) Draw the picture of neuron?

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

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CBSE Board Exam is on the way, so you must practice some good Case Studies and Passage Based Questions of Class 10 Science to boost your preparation to score 95+% on Boards. In this post, you will get Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Board Exams.

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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason. There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Control and Coordination Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science  Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: Control and coordination are vital processes in living organisms that enable them to respond to their environment and maintain internal balance. In humans, the nervous system and the endocrine system work together to carry out these functions. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and it transmits signals through electrical impulses. The endocrine system, on the other hand, consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which regulate various bodily functions. The coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine system ensures the proper functioning of different organs and systems in the body. The nervous system allows for rapid responses, while the endocrine system enables long-term regulation. Understanding control and coordination helps us comprehend the mechanisms behind reflex actions, voluntary actions, and the response to external stimuli.

What are control and coordination processes responsible for? a) Maintaining internal balance in living organisms b) Regulating bodily functions c) Transmitting signals through electrical impulses d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above

Which systems work together to carry out control and coordination in humans? a) Nervous system and immune system b) Nervous system and respiratory system c) Nervous system and endocrine system d) Nervous system and digestive system Answer: c) Nervous system and endocrine system

What is the role of the nervous system in control and coordination? a) Secreting hormones into the bloodstream b) Transmitting signals through electrical impulses c) Regulating various bodily functions d) Maintaining internal balance Answer: b) Transmitting signals through electrical impulses

What is the role of the endocrine system in control and coordination? a) Transmitting signals through electrical impulses b) Regulating various bodily functions c) Maintaining internal balance d) Carrying out rapid responses Answer: b) Regulating various bodily functions

What is the advantage of the coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine system? a) Rapid responses b) Long-term regulation c) Reflex actions d) Voluntary actions Answer: b) Long-term regulation

Case Study 2: To carry out a simple function such as eating food there has to be coordination of the eyes, hands, and mouth. The eyes have to focus on the food, the hands have to pick it up and take it to the mouth where it will be chewed. All these actions have to be coordinated in such a manner that they follow a particular sequence and the action is completed. A similar mechanism is also needed for internal functions of the body. This function is carried out by the nervous system. It is composed of (a) Specialised cells which can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli. These are called neurons. (b) Nerve fibres which are certain bundles of extended processes of nerve cells.

The individuals also have to adjust to the changing conditions around them and vary their responses. At the same time, the internal conditions of the body should be maintained constant. This is called homeostasis. The internal conditions of the body are maintained at a constant by controlling the physiology of the organisms.

(i) What will the correct sequence in which conduction of information through nerves take place? (ii) How homeostasis is said to maintain the equilibrium of the body? (iii) What function does the central nervous system perform? (iv) What happens when the dendrite tip of a nerve cell receives a signal?

Answer: (i) Dendrites → Cell body → Axon → Nerve endings at the tip of axon → Synapse → Dendrite of next neuron (ii) Homeostasis helps in keeping the constant internal environment within a cell or a body and hence maintains the equilibrium of the body. (iii) The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord which process the information received from the receptors on/in the body. (iv) Upon receiving a signal, the dendrite tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction which creates an electrical impulse in the them.

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CBSE 10th Case Study Questions 2021-22 : Science Chapter-Wise Case Study Questions With Multiple Worksheets & Explanations

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CBSE 10th Case Study Questions 2021-22 : Science Chapter-Wise Case Study Questions With Multiple Worksheets & Explanations

This Article Contains Science Chapter-Wise Multiple Case Study Worksheets With Explanations For Class 10th Board Exams. CBSE has recently included these type of MCQ questions and one thing that is certain about these type of questions Is that once students practices how to solve these questions, You will never get an answer wrong that is for certain.

 Given Below Are The Class 10th Science Chapter Name Wih Respective Multiple Links Containing Case Study Worksheets & Solutions: 

Acids Bases and Salts: 

Carbon And Its Compounds: 

Chemical Reactions and Equations: 

Control And Coordination: 

Heredity and Evolution: 

How do Organisms Reproduce:

Human Eye and Colourful World: 

Life Processes: 

Light Reflection and Refraction: 

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: 

Metals and Non Metals: 

Our Environment: 

Periodic Classification of Elements: 

Sources Of Energy: 

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: 

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CBSE Class 10 Biology Control and Coordination Important Questions and Answers for 2023

All important cbse class 10 biology control and coordination questions, with answers, that could be asked in cbse class 10 science board exam 2023..

CBSE Class 10 Biology Control and Coordination Important Questions and Answers: This article will cover the important question and answers of the second chapter Control and Coordination under the unit World of Living. Although students will commonly find this as the seventh chapter in various resource materials, according to the latest syllabus by CBSE, it is Chapter 6 Control and Coordination.

Living organisms use systems that provide them control and coordination. In fact, in multicellular organisms, specialised tissues and systems provide these control and coordination to help them perform daily activities.

Chapter 7 Control and Coordination covers topics such as Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Important Questions from CBSE Class 10 Biology Control and Coordination

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.1. Which of the following statements is correct about receptors?

(a) Gustatory receptors detect taste while olfactory receptors detect smell

(b) Both gustatory and olfactory receptors detect smell

(c) Auditory receptors detect smell and olfactory receptors detect taste

(d) Olfactory receptors detect taste and gustatory receptors smell

• partly in A and B each

Q 3. In a synapse, chemical signal is transmitted from

(a) dendritic end of one neuron to axonal end of another neuron

(b) axon to cell body of the same neuron

(c) cell body to axonal end of the same neuron

(d) axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron

Q.4. A doctor advised a person to take an injection of insulin because——-.

A) His blood pressure was low

B) His heart was beating slowly

C) He was suffering from goitre

D) His sugar level in blood was high

5. Which is the correct sequence of the components of a reflex arc?

(a) Receptors → Muscles → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Spinal cord

(b) Receptors → Motor neuron → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Muscle

(c) Receptors → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Muscle

(d) Receptors → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle

• Muscles - receptor – brain
• Muscles - effector – brain
• Receptor - spinal cord – muscles
• Spinal cord - receptor – muscles

7. Posture and balance of the body is controlled by

(a) cerebrum 

(b) cerebellum 

(c) medulla 

Q.8. Damage of cerebellum will mostly affect the career of :

A) architect

C) librarian

Q.9. The movement of shoot towards light is

(a) geotropism 

(b) hydrotropism 

(c) chemotropism 

(d) phototropism

• Gibberellins
• Abscisic acid

Q.11. Which of the following is not associated with growth of plant?

(a) Auxin 

(b) Gibberellins 

(c) Cytokinins 

(d) Abscisic acid

12.The plant hormone which is essential for cell division is

(A) Ethylene

(C) Gibberellin

(D) Cytokinin

Q.13. Choose the incorrect statement about insulin

(a) It is produced from pancreas 

(b) It regulates growth and development of the body

(c) It regulates blood sugar level 

(d) Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes

Q.14. The gap between two neurons is known as ___.

(A) synapse

(B) synopsis

(C) impulse

(D) synaptic node

Q.15. The shape of guard cells changes due to change in the

(a) protein composition of cells 

(b) temperature of cells

(c) amount of water in cells 

(d) position of nucleus in the cells

Q.17.The growth of pollen tubes towards ovules is due to

(a) hydrotropism 

(b) chemotropism 

(c) geotropism 

18. In a synapse, chemical signal is transmitted from

(A) dendritic end of one neuron to axonal end of another neuron

(B) axon to cell body of the same neuron

(C) cell body to axonal end of the same neuron

(D) axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron

Q.19. The substance that triggers the fall of mature leaves and fruits from plants is due to

(a) auxin 

(b) gibberellin 

(c) abscisic acid 

(d) cytokinin

• hypothalamus

ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1. Assertion (A) : Insulin regulates blood sugar level.

Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes.

Q.2. Assertion(A): A growing plant appears to bend towards the direction of light

Reason (R) : The plant hormone auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the root.

Q.3. Assertion (A) : The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root is exactly opposite to that on a stem.

Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and decreases the rate of growth in stem.

Q.4. Assertion(A) : The use of iodised salt prevents risk of goitre.

Reason (R) : Iodised salt provides iodine needed by thyroid gland to make sufficient thyroxin for our body.

Q.5. Assertion (A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous system.

Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates the voluntary actions.

Q.6. Assertion (A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways.

Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine system involving hormones.

Q.7. Assertion (A) : A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense organ that perceive a particular type of stimulus.

Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli.

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

2. Write the name and functions of any two parts of the human hind-brain.

3. Which part of the nervous system controls reflex arcs?

5. Name the sensory receptors found in the nose and on the tongue.

6. List two body functions that will be affected if the cerebellum gets damaged.

7. Which gland secretes growth hormone in human beings?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q.1. Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function of each:

(a)Thyroid (b) Pituitary (c) Pancreas

Q.2. Write one example each of the following tropic movements :

(i) Positive phototropism (ii) Negative phototropism

(iii) Positive geotropism (iv) Negative geotropism

(v) Hydrotropism (vi) Chemotropism

Q.3. (a) An old man is advised by his doctor to take less sugar in his diet. Name the disease from which the man is suffering. Mention the hormone due to imbalance of which he is suffering from this disease. Which endocrine gland secretes this hormone?

(b) Name the endocrine gland which secretes growth hormone. What will be its effect on a person if there is: (i) Deficiency of growth hormones (ii) Excess secretion of growth hormones?

Q.4. What is Chemotropism? Give one example. Name any two plant hormones and mention their functions.

Q.5. (a) Name the part of brain which controls: (i) voluntary action (ii) involuntary action.

(b) What is the significance of the peripheral nervous system? Name the components of this nervous system and distinguish between the origin of the two.

Q.6. How does chemical coordination occur in plants? Explain with the help of three examples.

7. Draw and label a Neuron. Explain how it carries messages.

LONG ANSWER QUESTION

Q.1. a) Name chemical messenger of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body

b) Mention the gland which produces adrenalin and write its function

c) Name two phytohormones

2. Give the function(s) of the following plant hormones:

a. Auxins b. Gibberellins c. Cytokinins d. Abscisic acid e. Ethylene

Q 3. Smita’s father was complaining about frequent urination, pain in legs and a frequent weight loss to Smita’s mother and she discussed the things with her daughter when Smita returned from school. Listening to this Smita told her mother that her father should go and visit a doctor immediately. The doctor diagnosed that Smita’s father was having an elevated level of blood glucose. He should take care of his diet and should exercise regularly to maintain his normal glucose level.

On the basis of the text, answer the following questions:

(i) Name the disease he is suffering from and name the hormone whose deficiency causes it.

(ii) Identify the gland that secretes it and mention the function of this hormone.

(iii) Explain how the time and amount of secretion of this hormone is regulated in human system.

4. Mention one function for each of these hormones.

i) Thyroxine

ii) Insulin

iii) Estrogen

iv) Growth hormone

v) Testosterone.

CASE STUDY QUESTION

1 The human brain is a 3- pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissues—yet it'sthe most complex of all known living structures The human brain is more complex than any other known structure in the universe. Weighing in at three pounds, on average, this spongy mass of fat and protein is made up of two overarching types of cells—called glia and neurons— and it contains many billions of each. Neurons are notable for their branch-like projections called axons and dendrites, which gather and transmit electrochemical signals. Different types of glial cells provide physical protection to neurons and help keep them, and the brain, healthy. Together, this complex network of cells gives rise to every aspect of our shared humanity. We could not breathe, play, love, or remember without the brain.

1) Animals such as elephants, dolphins, and whales actually have larger brains, but humans have the most developed cerebrum. It's packed to capacity inside our skulls and is highly folded. Why our brain is highly folded?

• b) Learning

3) Which among these protects our brain?

a)Neurotransmitter

b) Cerebrospinal fluid

d) Grey matter

i) a, b & c

ii)b & c

iii)c & d

iv) b,c&d

• Humans respond to changes in their surrounding environment. The changes are known as _

a. activity

d. coordination

2. You close your eyes when your friend point the torchlight towards your eye. Which sensory organ is involved?

3. A baby cries when hears the thunder. What is the stimulus that is involved?

4. Based on the situation below, which situation shown human respond to stimuli?

I- A boy pulls his hand when touching a hot object.

II- A girl is reading a book.

III- A girl closes her ear when hearing the thunder.

IV- A boy is walking to school.

a. I and III

b. I and IV

c. II and III

d.II and IV

• A change in the environment that causes a reaction 
• Something you write on a test
• A reaction to a change in the environment 
• The way plants communicate

Q.1. Name two specialised tissues that provide control and coordination in multicellular organisms.

Ans. Nervous and muscular tissues.

Ans. Two parts of human hind-brain with their functions are as follows: 

(i) Cerebellum: Controls & coordinates muscular movements, maintaining body posture and equilibrium. (ii) Medulla oblongata: which regulates the centre of swallowing, coughing, sneezing, salivation and vomiting.

Ans. Spinal cord.

Q.4. How does a touch – me – not plant respond on touching? What is this movement called?

Ans. Touch – me – not plant folds its leaflets on touching. This type of movement is called Growth independent movement (nastic movement)

Ans. Olfactory receptors, gustatory receptors.

Ans. a. Walking in a straight line.

Ans. Pituitary gland.

Ans. a. Thyroid: Secretes Thyroxine. It regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

b. Pituitary: Secretes growth hormone. Growth hormone regulates growth and development of body.

c. Pancreas: Secretes insulin. Insulin lowers blood sugar level.

Ans. (i) Positive phototropism: shoots growing towards light.

(ii)Negative phototropism: roots growing away from light towards ground.

(iii) Positive geotropism: growth of roots towards earth due to the pull of the earth.

(iv)Negative geotropism: shoots growing away from the earth.

(v) Hydrotropism: roots growing towards the source of water.

(vi)Chemotropism: growth of pollen tubes towards the ovules.

Ans. a. The man is suffering with the disease Diabetes. Insulin is the hormone which is responsible for this disease. Pancreas secretes this hormone.

b. Pituitary gland.

(i) Deficiency of growth hormone causes dwarfism. (ii) Excess secretion of growth hormone cause gigantism in a person.

Ans. Chemotropism is the movement of a part of the plant in response to a chemical stimulus. It can be positive chemotropism or negative chemotropism. Example: The growth of pollen tube towards a chemical which is produced by an ovule during the process of fertilisation in a flower.

Two plant hormones with their functions are as follows:

Auxins promote growth, cell elongation, cell differentiation, root formation.

Gibberellins stimulate stem elongation, seed germination.

Ans.a. (i) Voluntary actions - cerebellum; (ii) Involuntary action — medulla oblongata.

b. The communication between the central nervous system and the other parts of the body is facilitated by the peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerves arise from the brain; spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord.

• Auxins secreted by growing tissues. They provide growth of plants.
• Gibberellins cause stem elongation, seed germination and flowering.
• Cytokinin’s present in areas of actively dividing cells like fruits, seeds. Promote cell division.
• Abscisic acid inhibits growth and respond to environmental stress.

Q. 7. Draw and label a Neuron. Explain how it carries messages.

Ans. Information from the environment is detected by dendritic tip of a neuron located in the sense organ. A chemical reaction sets off here and it creates an electrical impulse which travels from dendrite to cell body and then along the axon to its endings where it sets off the release of some chemicals. The chemicals cross the synapse and set off a similar electrical impulse in dendrites of next neuron.Another synapse at the end of its axon delivers the impulse to the other cells like muscles cells / glands (effector organs) which react to perform the action.

Ans: a) Hormone 

b) Adrenal gland

• increases the blood pressure.
• increases heart beat rate.
• increases breathing rate.
• diverts blood to essential organs including the heart, brain and skeletal muscles by dilating their blood vessels and constricting those of less essential organs, such as the skin and digestive system.

c) auxin & gibberrellin

• Auxins promote cell elongation, root formation, cell division, etc. It also promotes fruit growth.
• Gibberellins stimulate stem elongation, seed germination and flowering.
• Cytokinins help in breaking the dormancy of seeds and buds. They delay ageing in leaves. They also promote the opening of stomata.
• Abscisic acid promotes falling of leaves and fruits.
• Ethylene promotes ripening of fruits

Q3. Smita’s father was complaining about frequent urination, pain in legs and a frequent weight loss to Smita’s mother and she discussed the things with her daughter when Smita returned from school. Listening to this Smita told her mother that her father should go and visit a doctor immediately. The doctor diagnosed that Smita’s father was having an elevated level of blood glucose. He should take care of his diet and should exercise regularly to maintain his normal glucose level.

Ans. (i) Disease-Diabetes, Hormone: Insulin

(ii) Gland-Pancreas: The blood glucose level is regulated by insulin hormone secreted by the pancreas.

(iii) Feedback Mechanism - Cells of pancreas secrete insulin hormone when level of blood glucose level increases in the blood. Insulin regulates the blood glucose level and its secretion gets reduced when blood glucose level falls down.

Ans. (i) Thyroxin – Control overall metabolic rate of the body (carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism)

(ii) Insulin – Conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles, thus decreases blood glucose level.

(iii) Estrogen – Development of female sex organ and secondary sexual characteristics like development of breast, pimples, shrill and a higher pitch voice

(iv) Growth hormone – Body growth and development of bones.

(v) Testosterone – Development of male sex organ and secondary sexual characteristics like moustache, beard & voice.

The human brain is a 3- pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissues—yet it'sthe most complex of all known living structures The human brain is more complex than any other known structure in the universe. Weighing in at three pounds, on average, this spongy mass of fat and protein is made up of two overarching types of cells—called glia and neurons— and it contains many billions of each. Neurons are notable for their branch-like projections called axons and dendrites, which gather and transmit electrochemical signals. Different types of glial cells provide physical protection to neurons and help keep them, and the brain, healthy. Together, this complex network of cells gives rise to every aspect of our shared humanity. We could not breathe, play, love, or remember without the brain.

Answer 

1)Animals such as elephants, dolphins, and whales actually have larger brains, but humans have the most developed cerebrum. It's packed to capacity inside our skulls and is highly folded. Why our brain is highly folded?

To increase the surface area of the brain to receive sensory impulses from various receptors, interpret the sensory information with the information that is stored in the brain and respond accordingly

2)Which among this is not a function of cerebrum?

3)Which among these protects our brain?

a)Neurotransmitter b) Cerebrospinal fluid c)Meninges d) Grey matter

ii) b & c

2 All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the environment around them. The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called stimuli (singular: stimulus). The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell, taste, touch, pressure, pain, water, and force of gravity, etc. The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of their body parts. For example, if a man touches a very hot utensil accidently, he quickly pulls his hand away from the hot utensil. Here, heat is the stimulus and the man reacts by moving his hand away from the hot utensil. Similarly, when the Sun is bright, we close our eyes. In this case, light is the stimulus and we react by closing the eyes.

1. Humans respond to changes in their surrounding environment. The changes are known as _

b. stimuli 

a. sound 

c. I and III 

5. A response is ____

c. A reaction to a change in the environment 

Biology is one of the natural sciences which involves the study of humans, plants and other living organisms, their structure, growth, function, evolution and so on under various specializations such as botany, zoology, molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, marine biology etc.

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Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Previous Year Questions - Control and Coordination

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Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Class 10 Science Chapter 7 talks about how every living organism reacts as the changes occur around them taking not even a second.  In the final examination, questions from control and coordination weigh at most 3 marks. The purpose of including Control and Coordination is to teach students about how organs and five senses in the human body; the receptors after receiving signals from the environment functions. The nervous system is mainly responsible for the control and coordination of animals and the human body.

Class Xth NCERT textbook covers control and coordination in-depth and with the help of the right study material, the student can understand the chapter in detail. Class 10 science chapter 7 notes, question banks, practice worksheets, and other study material provided by Educart, can significantly help in improving the exam preparation. 

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CBSE Class 10 Control and Coordination Notes

Below, we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Class 10 notes and get an in-depth explanation and understanding of the chapter.

<red> ➜   <red>Class 10 Control and Coordination Notes

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CBSE Class 10 Control and Coordination DoE Worksheet

Below, we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of DoE Worksheets for Control and Coordination Class 10 to practice more questions. 

<red> ➜   <red>Worksheet 80EM

<red> ➜   <red>worksheet 81em, <red> ➜   <red>worksheet 82em, cbse class 10 control and coordination experiential activities.

Below, we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of Experiential Learning Activity for ch 7 class 10 Science to help students implement their acquired knowledge in the real world.

<red> ➜   <red>Control and Coordination Experiential Activities

Cbse class 10 control and coordination important questions.

Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Important Questions that cover all the important questions in Control and Coordination. 

<red> ➜   <red>Control and Coordination Important Questions(view)

Cbse class 10 control and coordination question bank.

Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Question Banks that cover every typology question with detailed explanations from various resources in one place.

<red> ➜   <red>Class 10 Life Processes CBSE Question Bank

<red> ➜   <red>class 10 life processes kendriya vidyalaya question bank, cbse class 10 control and coordination support material.

Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Support Materials that cover Case Study-based questions from the various concepts explained in Science NCERT chapters. 

<red> ➜   <red>Control and Coordination Support Material

Why download these chapter-wise pdfs.

Students can do well on board examinations and other school tests, as well as college applications if they have the proper study materials in addition to the NCERT. For class 10, chapter 7 Control and Coordination, students may build a solid conceptual foundation by going through these chapter-by-chapter PDFs. For both instructors and students, accessing these Control and Coordination class 10 PDFs might be extremely beneficial.

• The study material Students may make a schedule and learn in an organized manner with PDF. Students may concentrate on a particular topic at a time and allocate considerable time to each subject by making a study timetable. 
• Students may now have all of their study materials in a single place that they can access whenever they choose, eliminating the need for them to lug around bulky textbooks.
• Since PDFs may be browsed and downloaded on any device, downloading them is a convenient way to get content.
• To take notes and improve their test preparation, students can print educational materials.

How Can This Chapter-wise Material Help Students?

The Science Control and Coordination chapter-wise materials will assist in completing the chapter from the 10th NCERT textbook in addition to the extra study materials. Students may efficiently prepare for the chapter by downloading chapter notes, DoE worksheets, question banks, key questions, and a plethora of additional study resources.

• The science control and coordination class 10 notes cover the chapter in detail and include all of the key ideas. Pupils can comprehend the chapter more thoroughly.
• Students will benefit from using mind maps to make connections between the ideas they have learned. It is going to help bring previously held knowledge into line with recently learned information, enhancing comprehension of the chapter.
• Every type that will be tested in the 10th board exams may be prepared with the use of the DoE worksheets and question banks. When students fully grasp the subject, they may create a schedule and practice relevant questions.
• The recurrent questions and the idea questions you need to study for the test are among the Class 10 CBSE crucial questions. By practicing key questions, you could increase your chances of getting higher exam scores. 

Teachers will help students thoroughly practice these issues by using the supplementary resources and questions that Educart has made available. All it takes to download these PDFs is a single click and identification by the user.

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Control and Coordination Class 10 Worksheet With Answers

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As the dawn of adolescence meets the tenth graders, their academic journey ushers them into a world where Control and Coordination Class 10 not only represents a pivotal topic in the science curriculum but also transforms into an intricate, yet captivating narrative of how living organisms masterfully manage and direct their diverse bodily functions. The enthralling chapter, nestled within the pages of Class 10 Science Chapter 6, divulges the secrets behind the harmonious and precise operations that animate plants and animals, ultimately guiding students to a profound understanding of life's underlying mechanics.

Imagine embarking upon an intellectual adventure through the maze of neurons, the impulses coursing at breakneck speed, and the chemical messengers secreted with impeccable timing—each element meticulously unveiled in Control and Coordination Class 10th. This chapter doesn't merely serve as a segment of the syllabus; it's a gateway to comprehending how organisms interpret and react to the world around them—a testament to nature's genius manifest in biology.

For the avid learners and the meticulously organized, a treasure trove awaits in the form of the Control and Coordination Class 10 Worksheet with Answers. Every worksheet is a challenge and a chance to reinforce knowledge, while the Worksheet on Control and Coordination Class 10 further strengthens the grasp on the intricacies of how organisms control their body movements and coordinate their actions with unmatched precision.

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For scholars who prefer their study material structured and accessible, the Control and Coordination Class 10 Notes PDF Download stands as an indispensable ally, offering clarity and concise information at their fingertips. Complement this with the Control and Coordination Class 10 Test Paper PDF, and you have a comprehensive toolkit to evaluate and enhance your mastery of the subject, setting the stage for a flawless academic record.

In the same spirit of thorough preparation, the Control and Coordination Class 10 Extra Questions serve to push the boundary of your understanding just a bit further, ensuring that no stone is left unturned. And when time-traveling through the academic corridors, the Control and Coordination Class 10 Previous Year Questions permit a glimpse into the patterns and types of questions that yesteryears have presented, allowing for well-rounded, strategic exam preparation.

In summary, the journey through Chapter 6 Science Class 10 is not just about absorbing facts; it's about embracing a chapter filled with wonder, complexity, and fascination for the science that orchestrates life. It is in these moments of learning and discovery that students can seize control and coordinate their academic and intellectual pursuits towards uncharted territories of success and enlightenment.

Control and Coordination Class 10

Class 10 Control and Coordination delves into the fascinating mechanisms through which living organisms manage their movements and activities. This chapter is an eye-opener for students, revealing how plants and animals ingeniously respond to their environment. It covers a variety of topics from the nervous system in humans to the hormonal regulation in plants. Through this chapter, students gain insights into the seamless integration of bodily functions, orchestrated through complex networks of control and coordination. This foundational knowledge not only enriches students' understanding of biology but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the sophistication present in living organisms.

Control and Coordination Class 10th - Chapter Overview

The chapter on Control and Coordination in Class 10th offers a comprehensive exploration of how organisms adapt and respond to their surroundings. It opens up with the basics of the nervous system, extending into the intricate pathways that facilitate sensory input and motor output. Hormonal control, especially in plants, unveils the wonders of growth, movements, and responses to environmental stimuli. The study extends to human endocrine glands, underscoring the hormonal ballet that governs processes from growth to metabolism. This overview equips students with a holistic understanding of biological control systems, laying the groundwork for more complex studies in biology.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Worksheet with Answers

The Control and Coordination Class 10 worksheet with answers provides a practical tool for understanding and revising this complex chapter. It comprises various exercises ranging from multiple-choice questions to scenario-based queries that encourage students to apply concepts in real-life contexts. This hands-on approach not only aids in reinforcing learning but also prepares students for examinations by testing their knowledge in a structured format. The inclusion of answers aids in self-assessment, allowing students to identify areas needing improvement, thus making this an invaluable resource for mastering the topic.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Questions and Answers

Control and Coordination Class 10 questions and answers serve as a critical resource for students aiming to thoroughly understand this chapter. This compilation not only includes direct questions from the textbook but also conceptual questions that challenge students to think beyond what is taught. Covering a spectrum of topics from neural coordination to hormonal balance, these resources help students navigate through complex concepts, offering explanations that clarify doubts and enhance comprehension. Engaging with these questions and answers sharpens critical thinking and application skills, crucial for excelling in exams.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Important Questions with Answers PDF

The Control and Coordination Class 10 important questions with answers PDF is a curated study material designed to focus students' preparation on key concepts likely to appear in exams. It features a collection of questions ranging from simple definitions to intricate application-based problems. This PDF acts as a concise review tool, enabling students to refresh their understanding quickly and efficiently. It emphasizes critical areas, guiding students to allocate their study time effectively, ensuring they cover the most significant topics thoroughly. A must-have resource, it aids in building confidence and assurance ahead of assessments.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Notes PDF Download

Control and Coordination Class 10 notes PDF download provides an organized summary of the entire chapter, meticulously prepared to aid students in their revision process. These notes distill complex information into digestible snippets, making study sessions more productive. Key concepts, diagrams, and mechanisms are highlighted, offering visual aids to reinforce memory. This downloadable format ensures that reliable study material is just a click away, making it convenient for students to revise anytime, anywhere. Such structured notes are indispensable for effective study, simplifying revision, and enhancing understanding.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Test Paper PDF

The Control and Coordination Class 10 test paper PDF is a comprehensive evaluation tool that simulates the exam environment, allowing students to test their knowledge under conditions similar to the actual exam. These papers, crafted by educators, encompass a wide range of questions, from straightforward definitions to complex application-based scenarios. Attempting these papers helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses, enabling focused revision. Additionally, it familiarizes them with the format and types of questions expected, reducing exam anxiety and improving time management skills.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Extra Questions

Delving deeper into the topic, Control and Coordination Class 10 extra questions offer an extended practice platform for students eager to excel. These questions stretch beyond the textbook exercises, probing different facets of control and coordination mechanisms in both plants and animals. Engaging with these queries sharpens analytical skills and promotes a more profound comprehension of the subject. Students looking to go the extra mile find these resources invaluable for reinforcing their knowledge base, ensuring a robust preparation for any question the exam may throw their way.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Previous Year Questions

The analysis of Control and Coordination Class 10 previous year questions opens a window into the examiners' mindset, providing clues to thematic trends and the depth of questioning over the years. This repository is not just about practicing questions; it's about understanding the evolution of the curriculum and adjusting preparation strategies accordingly. Students gain insights into potentially important topics and familiarize themselves with the pattern of questions, aiding in time management and reducing exam stress. This historical approach equips learners with a strategic edge, setting a grounded expectation for the upcoming exams.

Control and Coordination Class 10 MCQ with Answers

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Control and Coordination for Class 10 with answers are an efficient way to gauge and consolidate learning. This format tests not just the recall of factual information but also the understanding of concepts and their applications in varied contexts. With the shift towards more objective criteria in exams, practicing these MCQs bolsters students' ability to quickly identify the correct answer from closely related options, enhancing accuracy and speed—key skills in navigating time-bound assessments successfully.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Question Bank PDF

The Control and Coordination Class 10 question bank PDF is an exhaustive compilation of questions that span the breadth and depth of this chapter. From simple recall questions to complex application-driven problems, this resource covers it all. Such comprehensive coverage ensures that students are well-prepared to tackle any question in the examination. The PDF format adds the convenience of accessibility, allowing students to practice anytime, ensuring a thorough grip on the topic. This question bank is an essential tool for systematic exam preparation.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Case Study Questions

In keeping with modern educational trends, Control and Coordination Class 10 case study questions provide real-world scenarios for students to apply their knowledge. These questions bridge the gap between theoretical learning and practical application, offering deeper insights into how control and coordination function in real-life biological systems. They encourage analytical thinking and problem-solving skills, making learning interactive and engaging. As students work through these case studies, they develop a nuanced understanding of the subject, preparing them for higher academic pursuits and practical applications in their future careers.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Important Questions with Answers MCQ

The set of Control and Coordination Class 10 important questions with answers in the MCQ format is specifically designed to enhance precision and speed in answering questions. This resource is invaluable for students aiming to score high in objective sections of their exams. It covers crucial concepts and details within the chapter, providing straightforward answers that aid in quick revision. Practicing these MCQs helps in reinforcing key points, improving retention, and building confidence to tackle objective-type questions effectively during exams.

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Control and Coordination Class 10 Important Questions and Answers

Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination covers each topic of the chapter. These questions aim at providing a better understanding of the chapter to the students and can be downloaded in PDF format. These important question bank help students in clearing their doubts so that they can score well in the exam.

While preparing for exams, students should practise these important questions of Class 10 Science to understand the concepts better. Solving important questions of Class 10 Science Chapter 7 will teach students time management skills and enhance their problem-solving skills. Also, students may come across a few of these questions in the board exam.

Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 – PDF

1. How is shoot response different from root response?

Answer: Shoots of a plant always grow upwards i.e. they grow away from the earth whereas the roots of a plant grow downwards in the earth i.e. they grow towards the earth.

2. A young plant receives sunlight from one direction only. What will happen to its shoots and roots?

Answer: The shoots will move towards the direction of sunlight and roots will move away from the sunlight.

3. Name the main hormone secreted by adrenal glands? Give its function.

Answer: Adrenaline is the hormone secreted by adrenal glands.

Following are its functions:

• It acts on heart and due to this heart starts beating faster. Due to this fast beating more blood is supplied to muscles and ultimately they get more oxygen.
• The blood supply is diverted from digestive system and skin due to contraction of muscles around these small arteries.
• Breathing rate is also increased due to contraction of diaphragm and ribs.

All these functions then contribute to fight a person with difficult situations and to deal with them.

4. Where is growth hormone synthesized in case of: (a) man (b) plants?

Answer: (a) Growth hormone is synthesized in Pituitary glands in case of man. (b) Growth hormone is synthesized in plants at the tip of the shoot.

5. Name one plant hormone which: (a) Retards growth burning extremely dry season? (b) Is present in greater concentration in fruits and seeds?

Answer: (a) Abscisic acid is the hormone in the plants that stop the growth during extremely dry season. (b) Cytokinins are present in greater concentration in fruits and seeds.

6. What does role brain play during reflex action?

Answer: Brain receives the information from different neurons which are connected in spinal cord and then after thinking process brains sends signals to muscles for further movement.

7. What are phytohormones?

Answer: Hormones secreted by plants are known as phytohormones.

8. Expand ABA, giving its function.

Answer: ABA- Abscisic acid Function- Abscisic acid is the hormone which restricts the growth of the plant. Due to this hormone wilting of leaves occurs.

9. Why the use of iodised salt advisable?

Answer: Iodised salt provides iodine. Iodine is very much essential for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. This thyroxine hormone is necessary for regulation of the metabolism carbohydrates, proteins and fats and thus balances the growth. If there is lack of iodine in our body enough thyroxine is not synthesised and the person suffers from goitre. Therefore, it is always advised to take iodised salt.

10. What is the advantage of chemotropism in plants?

Answer: Chemotropism in the plants led to the growth of pollen tubes towards the ovules and thus helps in fertilisation of plants and helps in reproduction process.

11. Name the plant growth hormone which is synthesised at the shoot tip. Explain the fact that, shoot of a plant bends towards the light during its growth. Why?

Answer: Auxin is the plant growth hormone that is synthesized at the shoot tip.

Yes, it is true that shoot of a plant bends towards the light during its growth and it is due to the presence of this auxin growth hormone. In the presence of sunlight, the auxin present in the stem starts breaking down due to which the concentration of auxin in the stem which is away from sunlight is more while those part of stem which is towards sunlight has low level of auxin. The cells with high level of auxin grow and the part having low level of auxin does not grow and therefore, stem of growing plant bend toward sunlight.

12. Name the parts of brain which control the following activities:

(i) Riding bicycle (ii) Centre associated with hunger (iii) Swallowing (iv) Visual analysis.

Answer: (i) Riding bicycle- Cerebellum which is a part of hindbrain controls riding of cycle.

(ii) Centre associated with hunger- Hypothalamus part of forebrain is the center associated with hunger.

(iii) Swallowing- Medulla oblongata of hindbrain is associated with the swallowing process.

(iv) Visual analysis- Forebrain is associated with the visual- analysis.

13. What are hormones? Name the hormone secreted by thyroid and state its function.

Answer: Hormones are the chemical messengers which are directly secreted into blood by ductless glands also known as endocrine gland and act on different distant organs.

Thyroxine is the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. This hormone regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. By regulating the metabolism it provides best balanced growth to the body.

14. What are ‘nastic’ and ‘curvature’ movements? Give one example of each.

Answer: Nastic movements- These are nondirectional movements which takes place in living parts of plant due to the stimulus like temperature, amount of water etc. For example- Whenever there is excess amount of water stomata gets opened. This is a nondirectional movement which takes place due to presence of excess water.

Curvature movements- These are directional movements which take place due to stimulus like light, some chemicals etc. For example- Shoot of a plant moves toward the direction of light. Here the movement is directional due to presence of light in a particular direction.

15. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

Answer: Transmission of impulse from one neuron to the other takes place at the synapse between two neurons.

16. Name the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of them plays a major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process. Name the phenomenon involved.

Answer: Brain and spinal cord are the two main organs of central nervous system. Spinal cord plays a major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process. The phenomenon involved is reflex action.

18. Name and explain the function of the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in humans.

Answer: Hormone secreted by pituitary gland- Growth hormone Function of growth hormone- This growth regulates the growth and development of body.

19. What is the difference between reflex action and walking?

Answer: Walking is a voluntary action which does not require any stimulus to proceed and involves thinking process whereas reflex action is the action which takes place in response to certain stimulus like touch to the burning object, and it does not involve thinking process. This action takes place in very small time and does not involve thinking. No time period is associated with walking, it completely depends on the person’s choice.

20. What is phototropism? Describe an activity to demonstrate phototropism.

Answer: Phototropism- It is the change in movement of plant that takes place due to the presence of light. Following activity can be performed in order to observe

Phototropism:

• Take a small plant grown in a conical flask filled with water.
• Place it into a cardboard box which is open from one side.
• Now, place it near a window in such a way that the open side of the cardboard is towards the window from where light will come.
• Allow it to be there for 3-4 days.
• Now observe for the change in the plant.
• Change in the movement of shoot and root will be observed. The shoot will move towards the sunlight and root will move away from it.

21. Give differences between: (a) Involuntary action and reflex action. (b) Tropic movements and Nastic movements.

Answer: (a)

22 Give the role of following: (a) Medulla oblongata (b) Cerebellum.

Answer: (a) Medulla oblongata- It controls involuntary action like blood pressure, salivation, vomiting etc.

(b) Cerebellum- This is a part of hindbrain which is responsible for the voluntary actions that we do very precisely. For example- when we walk in a straight line. This part also controls posture and balance of the body.

23. What are phytohormones? Give examples of these hormones and at least one function.

For example- Auxin- This is the growth hormone secreted by the tip of the shoot of the plant and promotes the growth of the plant. Abscisic acid- This hormone restricts the growth of the plant. It is responsible for the wilting of leaves. Gibberellins- It promotes the growth of the stem of the plant. Cytokinin- This hormone promotes the cell division process. It is present in those areas where cell division takes place at a higher rate.

24. What is meant by the following: (a) Feedback mechanism (b) Geotropism (c) Thigmotropism?

Answer: (a) Feedback mechanism- This mechanism is for the regulation of the hormone secretion as we require hormones to be secreted in précised quantities. So, what happens is whenever we require the hormone to be secreted in our body there is an activator which activates the particular gland and hormone is secreted. Whenever we don’t require there is an inhibitor which inhibits the release of hormone according to requirement of body. This process is called feedback mechanism. For example- When blood sugar levels start rising pancreas cells start secreting insulin and as the levels are normal they do not secrete insulin.

(b) Geotropism- This refers to the directional movement that takes place in plants due to gravitational pull. As we know that stems of a plant always move toward upwards i.e. away from earth and opposite to gravitational pull and roots moves downwards inside the earth according to the gravitational pull. This upward movement of stem and downward movement of root is due to geotropism.

(c) Thigmotropism- This refers to the directional movement that takes place due to touch as some plants are mechanosensitive. For example- Tendrils are very much sensitive to touch. As they come in contact with any kind of support in that particular part growth rate is retarded while in parts away from it there is higher growth due to rapid cell division in that part. Due to this reason, only the tendrils get circled around the object. So, this directional movement that the plant exhibit due to touch is termed as thigmotropism.

25. How nervous system differs from hormonal system?

26. (a) Give only the significance of following: (i) Reflex arc (ii) Reflex action (iii) Stress hormone.

Answer: (i) The significance of the reflex arcs is their efficiency that they exhibit during quick responses. Reflex arc work as a very efficient method whenever we lack the true thinking processes.

(ii) The significance of reflex action is the protection that we get due to reflex action against any stimulus. Reflex actions are quick responses that we give against any stimulus which can cause harm to us. If we don’t have such quick responses we may get armed badly.

For example- If someone touches a flame and does not exhibit any quick response due to reflex action then that particular person will definitely get burnt as thinking processes and then giving a response are not so fast processes and provide enough time for harm.

(iii) Adrenaline hormone is the stress hormone. Due to the release of this hormone our heart starts beating faster due to which more blood is supplied to the muscles, Supply of blood is diverted from digestive system, skin to the muscles, breathing rate is also increased. Due to all this our body gets prepared to deal with that stressful situation and help us to decide whether we are going to fight the situation with the complete energy or will flight from there utilizing the energy produced due to release of stress hormone. Basically, we can say that this hormone helps us to deal to difficult stressed situations.

27. How are the following organs or structures protected in our body: (i) Spinal cord (ii) Brain?

Answer: (i) Spinal cord is protected with the help of the vertebral column.

(ii) Brain is protected due to presence of a bony cavity which we call as skull in which brain is placed. This bony cavity is filled with a fluid which absorbs the shock and thus prevents the damage that may be caused to brain.

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Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7

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Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

Science is an important subject you study in school. In this chapter, you will study control and coordination. Control and coordination determine the reflex and reactions of living beings. From trees to human beings, every living being has a way of reacting to the outer environment.

Chapter 7 of Class 10 Science discusses different means and organs of coordination. It largely studies the human brain and the basics of its functional system. Students will also know how coordination works on plants. It is a very important chapter, and students should solve as many  questions  as possible to build their concepts.

Extramarks is a leading company that provides all the necessary study materials in accordance with  CBSE guidelines and prescribed NCERT textbooks. Our subject experts have made the Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 to help students  practise  these questions before exams. They have collected and compiled these questions from the textbook exercises, CBSE sample papers, CBSE past years’ question papers and important reference books. The experts have also written the answers to help students in their preparation. 

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You can download the study materials after registering on our official website. We provide CBSE syllabus, CBSE past years’ question papers, CBSE sample papers, CBSE extra questions, CBSE revision notes, NCERT books, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplars, NCERT important questions, vital formulas and much  more.

Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 – With Solutions

The subject experts of Extramarks have collected the questions from different sources such as textbook exercises, CBSE sample papers, CBSE past years’ question papers and important reference books. They have not only collected the questions but provided the answers too. Experienced professionals have further checked the answers to ensure the best quality  content for students. Thus, the Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 will help students to prepare better and score well in exams.  Some of the important questions are given below-

Question 1: Mention the difference between walking and the reflex action?

Answer 1: Reflex action is an involuntary response to a stimulus controlled by the spinal cord within a fraction of a second. Walking is a voluntary response which is controlled by the brain and takes a longer time.

Question 2: What happens at synapse  between two neurons?

Answer 2: The gap present between the two neurons is called a synapse. The axon terminal of one neuron is close to the dendrite of the second neuron. The electrical signals are released at the nerve endings. At the synapse, the nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the other neuron.

Question 3: Posture and equilibrium of the body are maintained by which part of the brain?

Answer 3: Cerebellum, a part of the hindbrain maintains the posture of the body. 

Question 4: How is the smell of an incense stick detected?

Answer 4: Olfactory organs are present in the nose. They detect the smell and set off a chemical reaction. This generates nerve impulse which is transmitted to the sensory nerve. This relay the information in the form of nerve impulses via the spinal cord to the brain. The message is interpreted in the olfactory lobe and the smell is interpreted.

Question 5: What role does the brain play in reflex action?

Answer 5. Reflex action takes place in the spinal cord. The information provided by the reflex action reaches the brain where the information is stored and remembered for future use.

Question 6: What are plant hormones?

Answer 6. A chemical substance produced naturally by the plant to regulate growth and physiological processes to bring about control and coordination in various activities of the plant.

Question 7: How do the two movements differ from each other: the movement of leaves from the sensitive plants and the movement of shooting toward light?

Answer 7: Nastic movement involves the movement of leaves from the sensitive plant. Its stimulus is touch and is not regarded as a growing movement.

The movement of shooting towards light is an example of tropic movement and the stimulus is light. It is regarded as the growth movement.

Question 8: Which plant hormone promotes growth? How does it promote the growth of tendrils around support?

Answer 8. Auxin is the plant hormone promoting growth. Tendrils are sensitive to touch or contact with other objects. When a tendril touches support, the auxin from the tendril tip diffuses towards the side of the tendril that is not in contact with the support. There is faster growth of the side that is not in contact  than with the side which has contact with the support. Due to this,  the tendril bends  towards the support.

Question 9. Demonstrate the bending of roots in the direction of water stimulus.

Answer 9: For the experiment, first, take two glass troughs A and B. Fill them two-thirds with soil. 

• In trough A, plant a tiny seedling and water  it daily. 
• In trough B, plant a similar seedling followed by placing a small ‘clay pot’ inside the soil. Do not water the soil but add some water to the clay pot and bury it in the soil thereby leaving it for a few days. The clay pot is kept on the right side 
• Dig  the soil from both the troughs ensuring  the roots of seedlings should not be damaged
• In trough A, the roots will be straight due to uniform watering of the soil.
• In trough B, the roots will be bent towards the right side because roots get water oozing out from the clay 

pot which is kept on the right side.

• The roots of a plant grow towards water. This means they are positively hydrotropic.

Question 10. How does chemical coordination take place in animals?

Answer 10. The endocrine glands present in animals release chemical substances called hormones. Hormones are released directly into the blood from where it is carried to the target organ. The hormones bring about the effect in the target organ.

Question 11. Iodised salt is advisable. Why?

Answer 11. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroxine gland. For the formation of this hormone, iodine is required by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is responsible for carrying out the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. They are required for the growth of the body. Goitre is a condition that results in the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the deficiency of iodine. The neck is swollen in this condition. So the use of iodised salt is advisable to prevent the  disease.

Question 12. What happens when the adrenaline is secreted into the blood?

Answer 12 . Adrenaline is also called an emergency hormone and is produced by the adrenal glands. The hormone is rapidly secreted in response to stress or an emergency situation. The hormone is associated with the increase in the heartbeat, respiration rate and the elevation of glucose levels. This adds a lot of energy to the body and helps in fighting the emergency situation.

Question 13. Why are insulin injections used in diabetic patients?

Answer 13 . Insulin is involved in the metabolism of sugar. It lowers the blood sugar level. The secretion of insulin is reduced in some patients with diabetes so to compensate for this reduced secretion, insulin injection is given..

Question 14. Answer the following questions:

• Draw the diagram of the neuron.
• What are the parts of neurons?
• Where is information acquired
• How does impulse travel?

Answer 14: 1. 

• The parts of the neuron are the axon, dendrites and cell body.
• The information is acquired by the dendrites and a chemical reaction is set off which creates an electrical impulse
• The electrical impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body and then along the axon to its nerve ending. At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of chemicals which cross the synapse and start a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite to the next neuron. This is a scheme of how an impulse travels in the body.

Question 15. How does phototropism occur in plants?

Answer 15. 

The directional movement of the plant part towards light response is called phototropism. This is positive when the part of the plant moves towards the light. When the part of the plant moves away from the light, it is called negative tropism. For example, the shooting of a growing plant towards the light is called positive phototropism, while the roots of a plant away from the light are called negative phototropism.

The hormone which is responsible for this phototropic action is the auxin hormone. The given experiment below demonstrates the phototropic activity of the plant:

• Take two potted plants. Keep one open so that it gets sunlight from above. Keep the second one in a closed room near the window so that it receives the sunlight from one side. After a few days, observe these plants.
• The plant kept open grows straight towards the light. While the second plant bends towards the light.
• The diagram is given above to explain the concept. The stem bends towards the light is the result  of the experiment.

Question 16. What happens in a spinal cord injury?

Answer 16: The spinal cord in the human body is enclosed within a bony cage called the vertebral column. It protects from spinal cord injury.

In case of spinal cord injury, the  signals from the spinal cord to the brain are disturbed. The reflex action is also disrupted.

Question 17. Explain how chemical coordination occurs in plants. Mention the role of auxin and Abscisic acid.

Answer 17: In plants, the cells which are stimulated release the chemical compounds. These chemicals are plant hormones. They play an important role in growth, development and responses to the environment. They are synthesised at other places from the place of action and they get diffused.

The function of auxin is:

• Auxin is a phytohormone and a growth promoter.
• It promotes cell enlargement
• It is responsible for cell differentiation
• Induces tropism
• Formation of seedless fruits without fertilisation, in the number of plants. This is parthenocarpy.
• It promotes apical dominance which means, a phenomenon where lateral buds fail to grow due to the presence of the apical bud. Auxin is released by the apical buds which inhibit the growth of the lateral buds by releasing auxins.

The functions of abscisic acid are:

• This is a phytohormone and a growth inhibitor.
• The production of abscisic acid is promoted by drought, water logging and other adverse conditions where stress is induced. So it is a type of stress hormone.
• It promotes dormancy in the seeds and buds and inhibits growth.
• It promotes the abscission of flowers and fruits
• It promotes falling and senescence in leaves.
• It affects the transpiration and the wilting of the leaves. This is due to the closing of the stomata due to the release of abscisic acid.

Question 18. Why does an organism need control and coordination?

Answer 18. When an activity is performed, it is the result of coordination between the different organs of the body. When food is taken, the eyes locate it and the nose detects the smell, the teeth and jaw coordinate and the chewing of food occurs. It maintains a balance between the internal conditions of an organism and the external environment.

Question 19. How are involuntary and reflex actions different?

Answer 19. Involuntary action does not require thinking and is a set of muscular movements. They are controlled by the brain. These types of actions are concerned with the functioning of the internal body parts like a heartbeat, breathing, etc.

Reflex action is an unconscious and automatic response of the effectors. They are monitored by the spinal cord. Eyes  close due to the bright intense light. They are connected to emergencies.

Question 20. What is the nervous mechanism and hormonal mechanism?

Answer 20. The nervous mechanism is carried out by the nervous system in which electrical impulses are transmitted instantaneously and the effects are short-lived.

The hormonal mechanism is performed by the chemical substances which are secreted by the endocrine glands. The rate of information transmission is slow and the effect is prolonged.

Question 21. How is the movement in sensitive plants different from the movement in our legs?

Answer 21: The sensitive movement in plants occurs in response to a touch stimulus. The information is transmitted from cell to cell by electrochemical signals as the plant lacks specialised tissue for the conduction of impulses. There is a change in the shape of plant cells by changing the amount of water.

Movement in the legs is due to voluntary action. The signals are passed to the brain and hence they are controlled consciously. There are proteins present in animals which allow movement to take place..

Question 22. Multiple choice questions:

• Which of the following options shows plant hormone?

Answer: (d) cytokinin

Explanation:

In the option given, insulin, thyroxine and oestrogen are the animal hormones.

• The gap between the two neurons is called

Answer : (b) synapse

The gap between the two neurons is called a synapse.

• Which of the following functions is performed by the brain?
• Process of thinking
• Heartbeat regulation
• Body balance
• All the above

Answer :  (d) all of the above

The brain carries the functions related to thinking, heartbeat regulation and body balance.

• How many pairs of cranial nerves are present in a man?

Answer: (a) 12

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves present in the human body.

• The life process in human are controlled and regulated by
• Reproduction and endocrine system
• Respiratory and nervous system
• Endocrine and digestive system
• Nervous and endocrine system

Answer : (d) nervous and endocrine system

Reproductive, respiratory and digestive systems are not responsible for control and coordination because the process involves nervous and endocrine systems.

• Why is injection of insulin advised?
• Low blood pressure
• Slow heartbeat
• High blood sugar level

Answer: (d) high blood sugar level

The insulin injections are given to diabetic  patients to regulate their blood sugar level.

• Which hormone increases fertility in males?
• Testosterone
• Growth hormone

Answer: (b) testosterone

• Mention the unpaired endocrine glands.

Answer : (c) pituitary

Adrenal glands are paired glands at top of the kidney. Testes is a paired gland producing male sex hormones and paired ovaries produce female sex hormones. The pituitary is the master gland present below the brain independently.

• What is the cause of dwarfism?
• Excess thyroid
• Less growth hormone
• Less adrenaline
• Excess growth hormone

Answer : (b) less growth hormone

Growth hormones are involved in the growth of the body. Over-secretion and under-secretion result in imbalanced growth.

• Involuntary actions are controlled by which part of the brain?
• Spinal cord

Answer: (c)

The medulla present in the hindbrain controls involuntary actions.

• Tendril growth in pea plant is due to 
• Light effect
• Rapid cell division of the cells away from the support
• Rapid cell division in contact with the support

Answer: ( c)

There is rapid cell division in the tendrillar cells that are away from the support.

Question 23. Fill in the blanks.

• __________ is the movement of shooting towards light.
• _________ is the movement of growth of the plant in response to the gravitational force.
• The plant growth in response to the chemical is called __________
• The growth of the plant roots towards and away from the moisture is known as __________
• Iodine is responsible for the synthesis of __________
• Spinal cord originates from __________
• Conversion of electrical signal to chemical signal occur in a neuron at ___________
• The shape of guard cells changes due to the __________
• The main function of abscisic acid in plants is to __________
• __________ increase the length of the cell.
• __________ receptors detect taste.
• __________ receptors detect smell.
• __________ are the long cells of the body.
• The box enclosing the brain is called __________
• _________ act as both endocrine and exocrine gland.
• __________ regulates the ionic balance.
• _____________ disappears with advancing age.
• __________ is mediated by the spinal cord.
• The leaves of Mimosa are sensitive to _________
• __________ is used to keep the flowers fresh.
• ___________ synthesises growth hormones in plants.
• _______________ is concerned with memory, will and power.
• ___________ is responsible for muscular coordination in the body.
• __________  is called the master gland.
• Phototropism  is the movement of shooting towards light.
• Geotropism is the movement of growth of plants in response to the gravitational force.
• The plant growth in response to the chemical is called chemotropism
• The growth of the plant roots towards and away from the moisture is known as hydrotropism
• Iodine is responsible for the synthesis of Thyroxine
• The spinal cord originates from the medulla
• Conversion of the electrical signal to chemical signal occurs in a neuron at the axonal end
• The shape of guard cells changes due to the water content
• The main function of abscisic acid in plants is to inhibit growth
• Auxin increases the length of the cell.
• Gustatory receptors detect taste.
• Olfactory receptors detect  smell.
• Nerve cells are the long cells of the body.
• The box enclosing the brain is called the cranium
• Pancreas act as both the endocrine and exocrine gland.
• Vasopressin regulates the ionic balance.
• Thymus disappears with advancing age.
• Reflex action is mediated by the spinal cord.
• The leaves of Mimosa are sensitive to touch
• Cytokine is used to keep the flowers fresh.
• Shoot tip synthesises growth hormones in plants.
• Cerebral hemisphere is concerned with memory, will and power.
• Cerebellum is responsible for muscular coordination in the body.
• Pituitary gland is called the master gland.

Question 24. State true or false

• Reflex action without the involvement of the brain is an autonomic motor response.
• Insulin is used in the management of goitre
• Iodine is involved in the production of thyroxine
• Plant hormones help in the coordination of plant behaviour with environmental changes
• Stimulus is characteristic of animals only.
• Negative tropism is a bend of a plant stem towards sunlight.
• Receptor is a particular type of cell which respond to the stimulus
• Testosterone is involved with female puberty
• The central nervous system collects information from all the receptors in the body
• Reflex arc works faster than the thinking process of the brain.
• Brain is a delicate organ protected from injury.
• Plants use electrochemical means to convey information from cell to cell.
• Olfactory receptors detect taste and gustatory senses detect smell.
• False. Insulin is given in diabetes patients
• False. This is seen in both plants and animals
• False. This is seen in positive tropism
• False. Testosterone is male hormone
• False. Olfactory is for smell and gustatory is for taste.

Question 25. Answer the following questions:

• Which hormone causes changes in puberty?
• Which growth hormone causes dwarfism?
• Which hormone deficiency causes a rise in blood sugar level?
• Which hormone requires Iodine for synthesis? 
• Which endocrine gland is associated with the brain?
• Which gland secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones?
• Which endocrine gland is present in males and not in females?
• Which endocrine gland is associated with Kidneys? 
• Give the location of gustatory and olfactory receptors.
• What are the two components of the central nervous system?
• How is the spinal cord protected?
• Which part is involved in coughing, sneezing and vomiting?
• Name the stimuli acting on the plants.
• Oestrogen causes a change in puberty.
• Dwarfism is due to the deficiency of growth hormones.
• Insulin is used in diabetes.
• Thyroxine requires iodine.
• The pituitary gland is associated with the brain.
• The pancreas secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones.
• Testes are present in males not in females.
• The adrenal gland is related to kidneys.
• Gustatory receptors are located in the cerebrum of the forebrain and olfactory in the olfactory lobe of the forebrain.
• The two components are the brain and the spinal cord.
• Spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column.
• Medulla of hind-brain.
• Light, gravity, water and touch

Question 26.  Answer the following questions:

•  What are hormones chemical messengers?
• Why is the pituitary the master gland?
• Why are endocrine glands ductless?
• What are receptors?
• What do you understand by stimulus?
• Mention the control centre and the route taken by the reflex action.
• Name one gustatory receptor.
• Name one olfactory receptor
• Hormones are chemical messengers as they are carried in the blood to all the parts of the body.
• Pituitary is the master gland because it controls the activities of the other endocrine glands.
• They are called the ductless glands as they do not have any extended ducts to discharge the secretion into the bloodstream.
• Receptors are specialised groups of cells to detect a stimulus and initiate impulse transmission via the sensory nerves.
• Stimulus means a change in the external and internal environment of an organism which provokes a physiological and behavioural response in the organism.
• The control centre of the reflex action is the spinal cord. The route taken is the reflex arc.

Question 27. The pancreas and gonads perform the dual function. Justify the statement.

Answer 27. It is said that the pancreas and the gonads perform a dual function. The pancreas secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones, namely, insulin and glucagon. Gonads produce gametes and male and female sex hormones. So these are dual functions.

Question 28. What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Answer 28: Exocrine glands have ducts and they secrete the enzymes. They function in situ or pour the secretions directly near the target through a duct.

Endocrine glands are ductless glands and they secrete hormones. They pour the secretions directly into the blood

Question 29. What type of role is played by the hypothalamus in the human body?

Answer 29: Hypothalamus produces both releasing and inhibiting hormones. If the level of the growth hormones reduces, then the hypothalamus releases neurohormones to stimulate the pituitary gland to release the hormone.

Question 30. Pancreas overall control the blood glucose level. Why?

Answer 30 : Pancreas produces insulin to lower the blood glucose level. It releases glucagon to increase blood glucose so it overall regulates the blood glucose level.

Question 31. Explain releasing hormones.

Answer 31 . They are the chemical substances which are responsible for regulating the hormonal secretion from the pituitary glands. They are released from the hypothalamus.

Question 32. State the function of the different parts of the brain.

Answer 32: The major parts of the brain are the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

The forebrain includes the cerebrum and olfactory lobes. The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, pons and the medulla oblongata.

• Forebrain has a specific region which is accountable for stimulus and response. The occipital lobe is for visual perception. The temporal lobe is for auditory reception. Speech, facial muscular activities and higher mental activities are controlled by the frontal lobe. The parietal lobe is responsible for taste, smell, touch and conscious association. The sensation of smell is received by the olfactory organ..
• Midbrain is responsible for controlling the reflex type of movement from the head, neck and trunk.
• Hindbrain has cerebellum, pons and the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum controls the coordination of body movements and posture. Pons is involved in respiration regulation. The medulla oblongata is responsible for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting.

Question 33. Give an outline of plant movements.

Answer 33. The plant movements can be explained as

• Phototropism is the orientation of the plant in response to the light stimulus. If the plant part moves towards the light, it is called positive phototropism. When it moves away from the light, it is called negative phototropism.
• Seismonastic movements are responses to touch and shock. They  are very quick and can be seen in the touch-me-not plant (Mimosa pudica), which is a sensitive plant.
• Geotropism is a type of directional movement. It is the orientation of the plant that is a response to gravity. Positive geotropism means the plant part moves in the direction of gravity. If it moves against the direction of gravity it is called negative geotropism. The roots of a plant move down in the soil so it is an example of positive geotropism. The stem of the plant moves against the direction of gravity so it is the negative geotropism.
• Nyctinastic movement refers to the movement which involves the diurnal variation in the position of flowers and leaves during day and night. They include photonastic and thermonastic movement. In the photonastic movement, there is diurnal variation in the position of the plant parts e.g. flowers and leaves, caused by the light stimulus with the non-directional movements. An example is the dandelion flower.

In the thermonastic movement, there is diurnal variation in the position of the plant parts eg flowers and leaves of plants which are caused due to the temperature changes of the surrounding.

• Chemotropism is the directional movement of the part of the plant in response to the chemical stimulus. Positive chemotropism is the movement towards the chemical and negative tropism is the movement away from the chemical. An example of positive chemotropism can be given as during fertilisation, the pollen tube grows towards the ovule in the ovary.
• Hydrotropism is the directional movement in response to the water stimulus. Positive hydrotropism is the movement towards the water stimulus and the negative is away from the water stimulus. The bending of the plant roots towards the water is an example of positive hydrotropism.
• Thigmotropism is the directional response to the touch. It is seen in plants with tendrils. Tendrils are positively thigmotropic as they grow towards things they happen to touch. Bitter gourd, bottle gourd and grapevine are such examples.

Question 34. Why chemical communication is important in multicellular organisms.

Answer 34: Chemical communication is  important  in the following conditions:

• To deal with the emergency demands like infection, trauma, starvation, dehydration, haemorrhage and extreme temperature.
• The coordination is fast and short-lived.
• The nerve cells do not connect to all the cells of the body and there is a need for continuous monitoring of the cellular functions, so it requires special coordination and integration which has to be provided. So this is the role played by the hormones.
• The physiological functioning of the body is regulated by the endocrine and nervous systems.

Question 35. List the functions of the hormones with the glands by which they are secreted.

Answer 35: 

• Growth hormones are secreted by the pituitary glands. They are responsible for the stimulation of growth in all the organs of the body. The height of the person depends on these hormones. When they are normally secreted, the height is normal but when they are secreted in excess amounts, the person is very tall. Dwarfism is associated due to a decrease in the secretion of growth hormones. There are many tissues related to this like bones, cartilage, muscles, fat, liver and the heart.
• Thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland controls the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body.
• Pancreas secrete insulin which regulates the blood sugar level. It also acts to inhibit glucagon and insulin release.
• Testes produce testosterone which regulates sexual drive, the mass of bone, the distribution of fat, the mass of muscles and sperm production. The secondary sexual characteristics in males are developed by testosterone.
• Ovaries produce progesterone and oestrogen. The development of the breast and the reproductive organs in females is regulated by oestrogen. It also maintains pregnancy. Progesterone, on the other hand, thickens the lining of the uterus to prepare the female body for pregnancy.
• Releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus regulates the secretion of the hormones from the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary hormones.
• Adrenaline secreted by the adrenal gland regulates the heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure and the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Question 36. What is a neuromuscular junction?

Answer 36 : This is a point where a muscle fibre comes in contact with a motor neuron carrying nerve impulses from the central nervous system. The impulses are conducted from the neuron to the muscle fibre by a neurotransmitter in the same manner as the impulse transmission across the synapse between the two neurons.

Question 37. Mention the largest part of the brain with function.

Answer 37: Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It has various regions which carry out the activities like vision, auditory reception, touch, smell, temperature, consciousness and muscular activities.

Question 38. What is the difference between the spinal and cranial nerves?

Answer 38: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord. Cranial nerves arise from the brain and they are a  total of 12 pairs.

Question 39. What are the sensory and motor neurons?

Answer 39: Sensory neurons transmit the information from the receptor to the central nervous system. Motor neurons transmit the information from the brain to the effector organs.

Question 40. How do unicellular organisms respond to stimuli? Do plants respond to the stimuli? If yes, how?

Answer 40: Chemical communication plays an important role in the following conditions . So it responds to the stimuli.

Similarly, the roots of the plant, in response to the gravitational force, move down and the shoot of the plant moves towards the light. This shows that plants do respond to stimuli.

Question 41. What do you understand by the reflex action? Explain the steps involved in it. What happens when we touch a hot object?

Answer 41: Reflex action is defined as the unconscious, automatic and involuntary response of effectors which means to the muscles and glands, to a stimulus, which is monitored by the spinal cord.

The mechanism of reflex action is:

• Skin is the receptor and it receives the stimulus, this leads to the activation of the sensory nerve impulse.
• The sensory organ carries the message to the spinal cord in the form of the sensory impulse.
• Spinal cord plays the role of a modulator, spinal cord neurons transmit sensory nerve impulses to the motor neuron.
• Motor nerve conducts the impulses to the effectors like the muscles of the leg due to which there is pulling back the organ away from the harmful stimulus.

In case of touching the hot object:

• Skin being the receptor organ receives the stimulus and activates the nerve impulse. The spinal cord receives the message and the motor nerves conduct the impulse to the effector organ hands which are pulled back after touching the hot object.

Question 42. Answer the following questions.

• Classify the movement as tropic or nastic
• Flower opening
• Downward movement of root
• Upward movement of shoot
• Twirling of a tendril
• Which hormone is present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division.
• How do plants carry out control and coordination?
• What are the types of plant hormones?
• Mention the functions of the plant hormones.

Answer 1. The movements are given below

• Cytokines are in higher concentration in the areas of rapid cell division.
• Phytohormones are responsible for carrying out the function of control and coordination in plants.
• There are four types of plant hormones. They are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and abscisic acid
• The functions of the plant hormones are:
• To break the dormancy of the seeds
• Germination
• Stem, root and leaves growth
• Flowering of plants
• Fruit ripening
• Stomatal movement in leaves
• Phototropism
• Chemotropism
• Nastic movements

Question 43. Mention the functions of the nervous system

Answer 43 . The functions of the nervous system are:

• Regulation of the involuntary actions
• Control and coordination between voluntary activities of the muscle
• Sense organs give a sense of awareness of the outside world
• The system provides us with the ability to think, reason and remember
• To control the reflex action and thereby offer protection from the harmful stimulus.

Question 44. Which part of the brain will carry out activities like picking up a pencil and riding a bicycle?

Answer 44: Such type of function is performed by the hindbrain and cerebellum respectively.

Question 45. Give the order in which the impulse is transmitted in the neurons.

Answer 45: Dendrite —- cell body ——- axon ——- end point of neuron

Question 46. Which plant hormone is responsible for promoting cell division and stem growth?

Answer 46: Cell division is regulated by Cytokinin and stem growth by Gibberellins.

Question 47. Give the significance of reflex action

Answer 47 : This gives the ability of the animal to respond quickly and it provides relief to the brain in the excess work.

Question 48. Add a note on plant hormones.

Answer 48. 

• Cell enlargement and cell differentiation in plants
• Promotion of cell and stem growth
• To regulate plant growth movements meaning tropism
• Inducing parthenocarpy
• Gibberellins
• Cell enlargement and cell differentiation in the presence of auxins
• Promotion of growth of stems and fruits
• Rosette plants which show the profuse development of leaf and the reduced development of the internode, tend to show bolting and flowering when they are treated with the gibberellins.
• Promotion of cell division in the plants
• Morphogenesis in plants which is the vital role
• To break the dormancy of seeds and the buds
• To delay the ageing in the leaves
• To open the stomata
• To promote the growth of the fruit
• Promote growth and ripening of the fruits
• Break the dormancy in the buds and the seeds
• Stimulates the formation of the separation layer in leaves, flowers and fruits
• To promote yellowing and the leaves senescence.
• Abscisic acid (ABA)
• It inhibits growth by promoting dormancy.
• After wilting of the leaves since it closes the stomata
• Promote the falling of the leaves and the senescence or ageing of leaves.

Question 49. Write a short note on the plant movements.

Answer 49: Plants do not show locomotion but there occurs movement of certain parts of the plant like leaves, shoots and roots. This is possible due to the exposure of the plants to the external environment like light, temperature, water, the force of gravity, chemicals, touch, etc. these are caused by an unequal growth in their two regions by the action of plant hormones. This happens under the influence of the stimulus.

Question 50. What is the feedback mechanism?

Answer 50: A feedback mechanism is in which the timing and the number of hormones released by the glands are controlled by the mechanism which is in-built into the body. For example, when the blood sugar level is high, this is detected by the beta cells of the pancreas. The response generated in response to this is the production and secretion of more insulin into the blood. When there is a balance in the blood sugar level, insulin secretion is reduced automatically.

Question 51. Write notes on

• Parathyroid gland
• Thyroid gland
• Pineal gland
• Parathyroid glands are four small oval-shaped bodies which lie embedded in the lobe of the thyroid gland. They produce parathormone or parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Then the level of blood calcium level is below normal, there is the mobilisation of calcium released into the blood from the bone. The action of this hormone is opposite to calcitonin.
• Thymus gland is located in the upper chest near the front side of the heart. There is gradual atrophy of the gland in the adult. The gland secretes the hormone thymosin. It stimulates the development and the differentiation of lymphocytes (white blood cells).
• Thyroid gland is situated in the neck region in the vertebral region of the body. It has two lateral lobes on either side of the trachea. There are two hormones secreted; they are thyroxine and triiodothyronine. T3 and T4 stimulate the rate of cellular oxidation and metabolism.
• Pineal gland is located between the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It secretes the hormone melatonin. The hormone is responsible for circadian rhythm.

Question 52. What would happen in the body when the receptors do not work properly? What are the problems that are likely to arise in this situation?

Answer 52 . The main function of the receptor is to collect information which is related to the changes in the environment. Then this information is passed to the central nervous system for the interpretation of the message. The appropriate instructions are sent to the effector which reveals the response. 

The receptors are located in the sense organs. If these receptors do not work properly then the stimuli received from the environment cannot be converted into impulses so there would be no response produced by the body. 

Gustatory receptors are present on the tongue for the perception of taste. If these receptors do not function properly there would be no taste perception and one cannot enjoy the taste of the food. Olfactory receptors are present in the nasal cavity for the perception of a smell. If these cannot function properly, the smell cannot be experienced by an individual.

Question 53. Give examples of the reflex action. Explain with the diagram.

Answer 53: Examples of reflex action include knee jerk, movement of the diaphragm during respiration, coughing, yawning, blinking of the eyes, sneezing, etc. coughing is a reflex action to clear the windpipe. When the bright light falls on the eyes, the pupils get smaller, this provides protection to the retina from damage due to too much light.

Question 54. Write a note on the human endocrine system.

Answer 54: The endocrine system comprises the endocrine glands and the hormones secreted by them. Hormones are those chemical substances which coordinate the essential activities of living organisms and also are responsible for the growth of the organism. They are secreted in very small amounts by the gland. They are poured directly into the blood and then carried throughout the body by means of the circulatory system. They are made at the other site and their action is generated on some other side. This is why they are also called chemical messengers. They have the target organ or the specific organs on which they act. 

Endocrine glands are structures which secrete hormones. Exocrine glands have ducts whereas endocrine glands do not have ducts.

Question 55. Explain the components of neurons.

Answer 55: The components of neurons are:

• Cell body of the neuron is called the cyton. It is a broad, rounded, pyriform or stellate part of the neuron. The cell body has abundant cytoplasm called neuroplasm in which the Nissl’s granules are present. The nucleus is relatively large and spherical. This is concerned with the metabolism and the growth, it transmits the nerve impulses to the axon which are received from the dendrites.
• Dendrites are short and branched protoplasmic processes which stretch out from the cell body of the neuron. The sensations are acquired in this region which travels as the electrical impulse toward the cell body.
• Axon is a long and cylindrical nerve fibre of uniform diameter arising from the body of the cell. It is branched at the terminal end. The terminals are often knob-like which form synapses with dendrites of the other neurons. The axons conduct the nerve impulses away from the body.

Question 56. Write a note on thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine.

Answer 56: These hormones are the iodinated forms of the amino acid tyrosine. They have the following functions:

• They maintain the basal metabolic rate of the body as they regulate the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and produce energy in the body.
• Promote growth of the body tissues and the mental faculties.
• Stimulate tissue differentiation
• They increase heat production so they maintain the body temperature also.

Question 57. What are the different types of receptors?

Answer 57: The different types of receptors is:

• Photoreceptors which detect light are present in the eyes.
• Phonoreceptors detect sound and are present in the ears.
• Olfactory receptors are present in the nose and detect the smell
• Gustatory receptors are present on the tongue and detect the taste
• Thermoreceptors are present in the skin and detect the cold.

Question 58. Write a note on the medulla oblongata.

Answer 58: The medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling involuntary activities like the heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure and the peristaltic movement of the alimentary canal. It is also the controlling centre for coughing, swallowing, sneezing, salivary secretion and vomiting.

Question 59. Write a note on the spinal cord.

Answer 59. The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure which begins in the continuation with the medulla oblongata of the brain. It extends down to the early lumbar region and then extends to the end of the vertebral column as filum terminale(FT) which is the fibrous connective tissue.

It is enclosed in a bony cage which is called the vertebral column. It is surrounded by a membrane called the meninges. 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord. This is concerned with the spinal reflex actions and the nerve impulse conduction to and from the brain. 

There are two important functions provided by the spinal cord, they are the conduction of sensory and motor impulses to and from the brain. So the spinal cord is the centre of the reflex action. It reduces the work of the brain.

Question 60. Match the following column:

Question 61. Classify the nervous system

Answer 61: 

Question 62. Answer the following questions:

• Name the tissue providing control and coordination in multicellular animals.
• Why is movement shown by living organisms?
• Which part of the brain is concerned with will, power and memory?
• How information is conveyed by the plants?
• What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebellum
• Why does the impulse flow in one direction in the reflex arc?
• State the function of the neuron.
• Nervous system and the endocrine system.
• To make use of changes in the environment according to their advantage.
• Cerebral hemisphere.
• By means of chemical coordination
• The cerebrum is the largest and the highly developed prominent part of the brain. It controls the senses, memory, intelligence, etc.

The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain and is present in the posterior part of the brain. It is responsible for controlling skeletal activities and is responsible for maintaining the equilibrium of the body.

• Impulse flow in one direction in the reflex arc, as each synapse in the reflex arc allows impulses to cross in a single direction.
• To carry the information to the long distance in the body

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Q.1Explain the following terms with the help of examples:

Involuntary action

Voluntary action

Ans – Involuntary actions are those which do not incite the brain to take a decision and the response automatically follows the stimulus. For example, contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles are involuntary actions.

Voluntary actions involve the brain, which takes decisions. For example, if we see a ball lying on the floor, then it is our decision whether we want to pick it up or not.

  Q.2 Name the chemical substances which control and coordinate in plants.

Ans- Phytohormones.

  Q.3 Fill in the missing words in the given table.

  Q.4 What is cranium?

Ans- The bony box in skull enclosing the brain is known as cranium.

  Q.5 We suddenly withdraw our hand when a pin pricks. Mention the type of response involved in this action.

Ans- Reflex action is involved in this action.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. how can the chapter 7 class 10 science important questions help students.

Students often need more than textbook exercises. They should practise as many questions as  possible to improve their knowledge and boost their exam preparation. Now, they need help to search for questions from different sources. The subject experts of Extramarks understand the problem and have prepared  the Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 to help students to ace the exams. They collected the questions from different sources and provided the answers. Experienced professionals have further checked the answers to ensure the best quality  content for students. Thus, it will help students to get the highest score possible in exams.

2. What are the main concepts of Class 10 Science Chapter 7?

Class 10 Science Chapter 7 is about control and coordination. The organ performing  these functions in the human body is the human brain. So, students will study about the functions of the brain too. They will learn about different parts of the brain and how it works. Apart from this, they will also study coordination in plants. This is a very important chapter; students must practise chapter end exercises questions to score better in exams. They can take help from the Important Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 7 to speed up  their preparation and get excellent results.

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MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Control and Coordination with Answers

October 22, 2019 by Veerendra

Free PDF Download of CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Multiple Choice Questions with Answers. MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science with Answers was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 10 Science Control and Coordination Multiple Choice Questions with Answers to know their preparation level.

Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

1. Which plant hormone promotes dormancy in seeds and buds? (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin (d) Abscisic acid

2. Roots of plants are: (a) positively geotropic (b) negatively geotropic (c) positively phototropic (d) None of these

3. Response of plant roots towards water is called: (a) Chemotropism b) Phototropism (c) Hydrotropism (d) Geotropism

4. Movement of sunflower in accordance with the path of Sun is due to (a) Chemotropism (b) Geotropism (c) Phototropism (d) Hydrotropism

5. Which plant hormone promotes cell division? (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin (d) Abscisic acid

6. The main function of abscisic acid in plants is (a) to promote cell division. (b) to inhibit growth. (c) to promote growth of stem. (d) to increase the length of cells.

7. Fall of mature leaves and fruits from plants is triggered by which of the following substance? (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin (c) Gibberellin (d) Abscisic acid

8. Any change in the environment to which an organism responds is called (a) stimulus (b) coordination (c) response (d) hormone

9. A part of the body which responds to the in-structions sent from nervous system is called (a) receptor (b) effector (c) nerves (d) muscles

10. The longest fibre on the cell body of a neuron is called (a) sheath (b) cytoplasm (c) axon (d) dendrites

11. Which nerves transmit impulses from the cen¬tral nervous system towards muscle cells? (a) Sensory nerves (b) Motor nerves (c) Relay nerves (d) Cranial nerves

12. A microscopic gap between a pair of adjacent neurons over which nerve impulses pass is called (a) neurotransmitter (b) dendrites (c) axon (d) synapse

14. The highest coordinating centre in the human body is (a) spinal cord (b) heart (c) brain (d) kidney

15. Main function of cerebrum is (a) thinking (b) hearing (c) memory (d) balancing

16. Posture and balance of the body is controlled by (a) Pons (b) Medulla oblongata (c) Cerebellum (d) Cerebrum

17. Breathing is controlled by which part of the brain? (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Hypothalamus (d) Medulla oblongata

18. Which part of nervous system controls the re¬flex activities of the body? (a) Brain (b) Spinal cord (c) Cerebrum (d) Cerebellum

19. Which of the following acts as both endocrine and exocrine gland? (a) Pancreas (b) Thyroid (c) Adrenal (d) Liver

20. Identify which of the following statements about thyroxin is incorrect? (a) Thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroxin. (b) Thyroxin is also called thyroid hormone. (c) It regulates protein, carbohydrates and fat metabolism in the body. (d) Iron is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin.

21. Which gland secretes the growth hormone? (a) Pituitary gland (b) Thyroid (c) Hypothalamus (d) Adrenal

22. The secretion of which hormone leads to physical changes in the body when you are 10-12 years of age? (a) Oestrogen from testes and testosterone from ovar. (b) Estrogen from adrenal gland and testosterone from pituitary gland. (c) Testosterone from testes and estrogen from ovary. (d) Testosterone from thyroid gland and estrogen from pituitary gland.

23. A diabetic patient suffers from deficiency of which hormone? (a) Thyroxine (b) Testosterone (c) Oestrogen (d) Insulin

24. Which of the following endocrine glands does not exist in pairs? (a) Testes (b) Adrenal (c) Pituitary (d) Ovary

Fill in the Blanks

1. Control and coordination are the functions of the nervous system and ……… in our body. 2. The nervous system uses ……… impulses to transmit messages. 3. Central nervous system consists of ……… and ……… . 4. Largest part of the brain is ……… . 5. Defeciency of ……… hormone in childhood leads to dwarfism in humans. 6. The growth of pollen tubes towards the ovules is the result of a ……… movement.

1. hormones 2. electrical 3. brain, spinal cord 4. cerebrum 5. growth 6. chemotropic

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Assertion and Reason Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

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• Reading Time: 4 Minutes

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1. Assertion(A) : I nsulin regulates blood sugar level. Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes.

Q.2. Assertion(A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways. Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine system involving hormones.

Q.3. Assertion(A): The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root is exactly opposite to that on a stem. Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and decreases the rate of growth in stem.

Q.4. Assertion(A): A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense organ that perceive a particular type of stimulus. Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli.

Q.5. Assertion(A): Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for the brain. Reason (R): Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.

Q.6. Assertion(A): A nerve impulse is an electrochemical event. Reason (R) : In a nerve impulse there are changes in the resting potential which spreads down the nerve fibre.

Q.7. Assertion(A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous system. Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates the voluntary actions.

Q.8. Assertion(A) : The spinal nerves are 31 in number. Reason (R) : Spinal nerves only have sensory neurons in them

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3 thoughts on “ Assertion and Reason Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination ”

Pls check the answer for 1st question since the reason does not explain the assertion

Yeah bro i think of the same but see because of insufficient supply of insulin only the diabetes occurs so just after assertion put “because” And then read reasoning. If it fits correctly you would easily figure it out.

The answer to the Q.4 should be A. Kindly update the answer.

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RD Sharma Solutions , RS Aggarwal Solutions and NCERT Solutions

Control and Coordination Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 7

August 29, 2020 by Prasanna

In this page, we are providing Control and Coordination Class 10 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 7 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Control and Coordination

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination with Answers Solutions

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type I

Question 1. How do we detect smell of hot spicy food from a distance? Answer: We have olfactory receptors in our nose which detect the smell of hot spicy food. This information is transmitted by nerve impulse to olfactory lobes of forebrain which interpret the information.

Question 2. Why do tendrils coil around hard objects or support? Answer: The tendrils coil around hard objects or support due to a stimulus of touch (thigmotropism) which causes less growth on the side in contact with support than the side which is away from it. This unequal growth of two sides of tendril makes it coil around the support.

Question 3. Name the hormones reponsible for regulation. (i) Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins (ii) Balance of calcium and phosphate (iii) Blood pressure (iv) Water and electrolyte balance.  [CBSE 2007] Answer: (i) Thyroxin (ii) Parathyroid hormone (iii) Adrenaline (iv) Vasopressin

Question 4. What is an association neuron? Answer: Association neurons are present in cortex part of spinal cord between the sensory neuron and motor neuron. It helps to interconnect the signals between the sensory neuron and motor neuron by forming synapse with axon of sensory neuron and dendrite of motor neuron.

Question 5. How are the brain and spinal cord protected from mechanical shock? Answer: Brain is present in a bony box called cranium (skull), spinal cord is protected by vertebral column. The cerebrospinal fluid present around the brain and spinal cord protect it from mechanical shock.

Question 6. Which functions are regulated by the forebrain? Answer: The thinking part of the brain is forebrain which controls

• Movement of voluntary muscles.
• Hearing, smell, sight, hunger, thirst, pain, etc. by its association areas.
• It also stores information and controls intelligence.

Question 7. Explain how a squirrel responds a dangerous situation with help of its hormonal system. Answer: When a squirrel perceives a dangerous situation, adrenaline hormone is released in its blood which increases its heart beat and blood supply to tissues. This provides energy to its cells and tissues at a faster rate and enables it to run away from emergency situation.

Question 8. How are sensory neurons different from motor neurons? Answer: Sensory neuorons take information from receptors and transmit the impulses towards central nervous system. Motor neurons carry message from control nervous system to the muscle, gland or an organ to enable it to respond.

Question 9. How are receptors different from effectors? Answer: Receptors are cells, tissues or organs which receive the information in form of stimulus. For example, photoreception, gustatory receptors, etc. Effectors are muscles, glands tissues or cells which respond according to the information received through motor neuron from the central nervous system.

Question 10. Define peripheral nervous system. What are its components? Answer: The nerves that directly arise from the central nervous system and contact different parts of our body to help their involuntary controls. Spinal nerves and cranial nerves are components of peripheral nervous system.

Question 12. Name the plant hormones responsible for the following: (a) elongation of cells (b) growth of stem (c) promotion of cell division (d) falling of senescent leaves Answer: (a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin (d) Abscissic acid

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type II

Question 1. What are nastic and curvature movements? Give one example of each.  [CBSE 2010] Answer: The non-directional responses to stimuli are called nastic movements e.g., drooping of leaves of touch-me-not plant. Curvature movement are the movement of plant parts towards or away from stimulus e.g., bending of shoot towards light.

Question 2. How does feedback mechanism regulate the hormone action? Explain with the help of an example. Answer: The presence or absence of a particular hormone can regulate its further formation with the help of a regulatory mechanism called feedback mechanism.

Example: Hypothalamus regulates thyroxin levels in blood by secreting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). If the thyroxine levels increases then hypothalamus stop secreting TSH in order to reduce the production of thyroxine from thyroid gland.

Low levels of thyroxin in blood again switches on the release of TSH from hypothalamus to increase levels of thyroxin in blood.

Question 3. What are the different types of neurons and their functions in the human body? Answer: There are mainly three types of neurons:

• Sensory neuron: They transmit information from receptors towards the central nervous system.
• Motor neuron: They transmit information from the central nervous system to effectors like muscles or glands.
• Relay neuron: It serves as a link between the sensory and the motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord.

Question 4. What are the limitations to the use of electrical impulse? Answer: The limitations to electrical impulse are

• Only those cells used that are connected by nervous tissue, while other tissues do not receive the information directly.
• It takes some times to reset the mechanism of generation of new electrical impulse once an electrical impulse had been generated.

Question 6. What is a tropic movement? Explain with an example. [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: The directional movements caused in plants due to an external stimuli are called tropic movements. Example: During phototropism, the shoot bends towards light and show positive phototropism while the roots bend away from light to show negative phototropism.

Question 7. What will happen if intake of iodine in our diet is low?  [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: Iodine helps in the synthesis of thyroxin hormone from thyroid gland. Thyroxin hormone is necessary for carbohydrate, proteins and fat metabolism. Deficiency caused due to low level of iodine in diet might result is a disease called goitre in the person.

Question 8. Answer the following: (a) Which hormone is responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty? (b) Dwarfism results due to deficiency of which hormone? (c) Blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of which hormone? (d) Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?  [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: (a) Oestrogen (b) Growth hormone (c) Insulin (d) Thyroxin

Question 9. Answer the following: (a) Name the endocrine gland associated with brain. (b) Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones? (c) Name the endocrine gland associated with kidneys. (d) Which endocrine gland is present in males but not in females?  [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: (a) Pituitary (b) Pancreas (c) Adrenal gland (d) Testes

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type

Question 1. Differentiate between tropic and nastic movements in plants.  [CBSE 2006] Answer: Tropic Movements:

• There is directional growth of a plant or part of a plant in response to an external stimulus i.e., direction of stimulus controls direction of growth.
• The effect is more or less permanent.
• It is easily observed in stems and roots of plants.
• It occurs due to unequal growth on the two sides of a stem or root.
• For example, bending of root towards gravity and bending of shoot towards light.

Nastic Movements:

• The growth or movement is independent of the direction of stimulus.
• The effect is temporary and reversible.
• It occurs in specialised parts and organs of plants like leaves and petals of flowers.
• It usually involves alterations in cell volumes.
• For example, folding on leaflets of touch-me-not plant on touching them.

Question 2. Mention one function for each of these hormones: (a) Thyroxin (b) Insulin (c) Adrenaline (d) Growth hormone (e) Testosterone Answer: (a) Thyroxin: It regulates carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. (b) Insulin: It regulates blood sugar level. (c) Adrenaline: It increases heart beat rate and supply of blood to various organs. (d) Growth hormones: It regulates growth and development of an organism. (e) Testosterone: It controls the bodily features, secondary sexual characters in males during puberty.

Question 3. How does chemical coordination take place in animals? Answer: Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands are directly poured into the blood stream as they are ductless glands. Blood carries these hormones to specific target tissue or organ where they act and trigger a particular biochemical or physiological activity in response to the stimulus received.

Question 4. Why is the flow of signals in a synapse from axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron but not the reverse?  [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: The information received by the dendrites of neurons present at receptors is transferred in form of electrical impulse to the cell body, axon and the nerve endings at the ends of axon. At the axonal ends, chemicals are released between junction of two neurons called synapse. The chemical diffuses towards the dendrite of the next neuron where it generates an electrical impulse again. So, the electrical signals change to chemical signals and again to electrical signals for the next neuron.

Since the chemicals Eire released at the axonal ends and absent at dendrite end, the signal travels from axonal end to dendritic end of another neuron but not the reverse i.e., the flow of electrical impulse is unidirectional only.

Control and Coordination HOTS Questions With Answers

Question 1. While most of our actions are coordinated by the brain, still some of our actions need to be coordinated by the spinal cord. Why? Answer: Brain is the thinking part which coordinates the various activities and processes in human beings. But, some actions which need to be quick, automatic and involuntary, do not involve any thinking processes. So, such immediate responses are coordinated by the spinal cord and are called reflex actions.

Question 2. The movements shown by the leaves of ‘touch me not’ plant on touching are different from the movement shown by seedling. Elaborate. Answer: The opening and closing of the leaves of the ‘touch me not plant’ is a result of water change in amount of water in the plant cells, which is not dependent on growth. But, the movement of the seedling is a growth-dependent movement because it will not show any movement if it is prevented from growth.

Question 3. The level of hormones should be well balanced in human beings in order to maintain the normal functioning of the human body. Explain this statement with two examples. Answer: The level of hormones should be balanced in human beings because a deficiency or excess secretion of some hormones can have adverse effects on the human body. For example,

• A deficiency in the secretion of insulin from the pancreas increases the blood sugar level and causes diabetes.
• A deficiency in the secretion of growth hormone causes dwarfism whereas it excess secretion causes gigantism.

Question 4. Chemical coordination plays a vital role in the activities of plants. Elaborate. Answer: Coordination in human beings is carried out both by the nervous as well as the hormonal system. But, coordination in plants is dependent on the chemicals called as hormones. The hormone auxin and gibberellins help in the growth of the stem. Cytokinins help in cell division. Abscisic acid inhibits growth. Auxin is also involved in the bending of plants towards light.

Question 5. The response of the body due to reflex actions is faster than those carried out by secretion of adrenaline in emergency situations. Why? Answer: The reflex actions are the result of chemical-electrical impulses which are faster as they move through the nerve cell from one point to another, whereas, hormones are first released in the blood and they have to travel to the target site to bring about the response, which takes more time than reflex actions.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Value Based Questions

Question 1. Villagers living in a hilly area were facing a problem that a lot of children in the village were developing swollen necks. The priest of the village told that it was due to the acts of the villagers who had annoyed their Goddess and they needed to offer sacrifice for getting rid of this problem. Dr. Kamal visited the village and properly listened to the problem of the villagers and advised them to use iodised salt instead of normal salt in their food. Villagers agreed to Dr. Kamal’s advice and within a few months the problem was overcome to a large extent. (a) What was the cause of the swollen neck of children in the village? (b) What values are shown by Dr. Kamal? (c) Why was use of iodised salt advised to villagers by Dr. Kamal? Answer: (a) The swollen neck is a disease called goitre. Goitre occurs due to deficiency of thyroxine hormone. (b) Scientific aptitude, patience, problem solving ability and helpful nature. (c) The use of iodised salt was advised because Iodine helps in production of thyroxine hormone which helps to prevent goitre.

Question 2. Akhilesh saw a plant in his school garden which closed its leaves on touching. He observed the plant very closely for a long time. In the recess, he saw that some students were trying to pluck the plant from the pot. He went to them and advised them not to pluck the plant as it was their school’s property. He also told them about the importance of the plants and the peculiar behavior of the said plant. In this way, he was able to convince the students to not harm the plant. (a) Why did the leaves of the plant close on touching? (b) How is this response of plant different from reflex action in animals? (c) What values are shown by Akhilesh? Answer: (a) The leaves of the sensitive plants like Touch-me-not close on touching as they lose the turgor pressure in cells which causes drooping of its leaves/leaflets.

(b) Movement in Sensitive Plant:

• The response is produced due to the change in amount of water in the plant cells.
• No nerve or specialised tissue involved in the conduction of information.

Reflex action:

• An automatic, immediate, involuntary response of an organism.
• It is controlled by the spinal cord.

(c) Environment friendly, responsible, leadership, analytical thinking.

Question 3. Smita’s father was complaining about frequent urination, pain in legs and a frequent weight loss to Smita’s mother and she discussed the things with her daughter when Smita returned from school. Listening to this Smita told her mother that her father should go and visit a doctor immediately. The doctor diagnosed that Smita’s father was having an elevated level of blood glucose. He should take care of his diet and should exercise regularly to maintain his normal glucose level. On the basis of the text, answer the following questions: (i) Name the disease he is suffering from and name the hormone whose deficiency causes it. (ii) Identify the gland that secretes it and mention the function of this hormone. (iii) Explain how the time and amount of secretion of this hormone is regulated in human system. (iv) What values were shown by Smita and her father? [CBSE 2012, 2015] Answer: (i) Disease-Diabetes, Hormone: Insulin (deficiency of insulin hormone causes diabetes) (ii) Gland-Pancreas: The blood glucose level is regulated by insulin hormone secreted by the pancreas. (iii) Cells of pancreas secrete insulin hormone when level of blood glucose level increases in the blood. Insulin regulates the blood glucose level and its secretion gets reduced when blood glucose level falls down. (iv) Decision making, intelligence, scientific aptitude and caring nature is shown by Smita. Her father had shown an attitude of carelessness towards his health.

Question 4. Rajesh found an old man lying on the road asking for help to take him to the hospital. He took the old man to the hospital where doctor told him that the old man was suffering from paralysis, and his blood sugar levels were high. The doctor told him that they have given the old man some injections to reduce the blood sugar level and thanked Rajesh for his helpful attitude. On the basis of above passage, answer the following: (i) What can be the cause of high blood sugar levels in the old man? (ii) Which part of old man’s body might have been effected that has caused paralysis? (iii) What values have been shown by Rajesh? (iv) Which injection might have been given to old man by doctor to lower the blood sugar levels? Answer: (i) Diabetes due to the lower levels of insulin hormone in the body. (ii) Nervous system associated with brain or spinal cord might have been effected. (iii) Helpful, care for elderly. (iv) Injections of insulin might have been given by the doctor to the old man to lower his blood sugar levels.

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• Chapter 7 Control And Coordination

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 7 – download free pdf.

* According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 6.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination helps students to increase self-confidence as they prepare for the exam. Detailed solutions to the NCERT textbook questions are provided to help students compare their answers to the sample responses. The  NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science of this chapter explains the exercises and in-text questions present in the NCERT textbooks briefly.

Download Exclusively Curated Chapter Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter – 7 Control and Coordination

Download most important questions for class 10 science chapter – 7 control and coordination.

These NCERT Solutions are comprehensively prepared by highly experienced professionals, and students can rely on them for a clear understanding. Referring to these solutions can instantly clear the doubts of the students and also boost exam preparations. Students can now access the Class 10 Science Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions from the link provided below.

• Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
• Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
• Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
• Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 6 Life Processes
• Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
• Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
• Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
• Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colourful World
• Chapter 12 Electricity
• Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
• Chapter 15 Our Environment
• Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

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Access Answers to NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Questions Page number 119

1. What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?

Reflex actions are the involuntary actions that occur in response to stimuli. They occur without involvement of conscious areas of brain. All the reflex actions are unconscious actions. Reflex action involves the brain and spinal cord of central nervous systems.

On the other hand, voluntary actions are those which occur under the control of cerebellum of the brain. Walking is learnt as we grow. Walking is controlled by the brain and is consciously used whenever required.

2. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

At the synapse between two neurons, electric signals are converted into chemicals that can easily cross over the gap and pass on the chemical messenger to the next neuron where it is converted back to electrical signal.

3. Which part of the brain maintains the posture and equilibrium of the body?

Cerebellum, which is a part of the brain, is responsible for controlling the motor functioning. Hence, it is the part engaged in the maintenance of posture and equilibrium of the body.

4. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?

The smell of an agarbatti is detected by the nose. The olfactory receptors present in the nose sends electrical signal to the fore brain. The fore brain interprets this signal as the smell of the incense stick.

5. What is the role of the brain in reflex action?

Reflex actions are formed instantaneously in response to a stimulus that has no time to think. For instance, the sensory nerves that detect heat are connected to the nerves that move the muscles of the hand. Such a connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input) and responding to it quickly (output) is known as reflex arc.

Reflex action are generated in spinal cord and the information also reaches brain. This helps the brain to record this event and remember it for future use.  Brain helps the person to get awareness of the stimulus and prevent the danger posed by the situation in the future.

1. What are plant hormones?

Plant hormones are the organic substances produced at certain sites of a plant and are translocated to other parts based on the requirement. Plant hormones help to coordinate growth, development and responses to the environment. Ex: Auxin’s Gibberlin’s, cytokines, abscisic acid and ethylene.

2. How is the movement of leaves of a sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light?

3. Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth.

Auxins and Gibberlins are the hormone responsible for the growth of plant.

Auxins are responsible for the cell elongation in shoot and also regulate growth.

Gibberlin is responsible for stem elongation and germination.

4. How do auxins promote the growth of a tendril around a support?

Auxins are the plant hormones produced at the tips of shoots and roots. Auxins are present at the tip of tendrils. When tendrils are attached around any support, their growth is slowed down as auxins are sensitive to touch. This makes them move to the other side of the tip to get support; this makes the other side grow faster than the side of tendril in contact with the support and the tendril bends towards the support.

5. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.

To demonstrate hydrotropism in plants.

Procedure :

i. Plant a seedling in a vessel containing soil.

ii. Adjacent to the seedling put a porous pot containing water.

iii. Leave the set up for few days.

Observation :

iv. On examining the roots, it is observed that the roots bend towards the source of water and do not grow straight.

It confirms that plants show hydrotropism as the roots bend towards the porous pot of water. As hydrotropism is a plant-growth response in which the direction of growth is determined by a stimulus of gradient in water concentration.

Questions Page number 125

1. How does chemical coordination take place in animals?

Chemical coordination takes place in animals with the help of chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones are the chemicals that are secreted by specific endocrine glands. Hormones regulate the growth, development and homeostasis of the animals.

2. Why is the use of iodized salt advisable?

Usage of iodized salt is advisable to avoid the deficiency of iodine. If the intake of iodine is low, the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland will be decreased. This affects fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Thus, a person may have goitre if the intake of iodine is lowered.

3. How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?

Adrenaline is a hormone secreted when a person is frightened or mentally disturbed. When Adrenaline reaches the heart, heartbeat will increase to increase blood supply to our muscles. Adrenaline also increases the breathing rate because of contraction of diaphragm and the rib muscles. Adrenaline rush also increases blood pressure and allows entry of more glucose into blood. All these occur when our body responds to the secretion of adrenaline into our blood.

4. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

Diabetes is a condition where the pancreatic cells of a person stops producing or reduces the production of insulin hormone. Insulin regulates blood glucose by converting extra glucose to glycogen. When insulin is not produced adequately, a person’s blood glucose level is affected and this leads to adverse effects. In order to maintain the insulin and blood glucose levels, diabetes patients are treated with injections of insulin.

Exercise Questions Page number 126

1. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

(a) Insulin

(b) Thyroxin

(c) Oestrogen

(d) Cytokinin

Answer is d) cytokinin.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone whereas Insulin, Thyroxin, Oestrogen are the hormones produced by animals.

2. The gap between two neurons is called a

(a) Dendrite.

(b) Synapse.

(d) Impulse.

Answer is (b) Synapse

Dendrite is a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

An axon or nerve fiber is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell or neuron in vertebrates that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands.

Impulse is an electrical signal that travels along axon.

3. The brain is responsible for

(a) Thinking.

(b) Regulating the heartbeat.

(c) Balancing the body.

(d) all of the above.

Answer is (d) all the above

Brain is responsible for thinking, brain regulates the heartbeat, and it balance the body.

4. What is the function of receptors in our body? Think of situations where receptors do not work properly. What problems are likely to arise?

Receptors are present throughout our body – mainly in sense organs. Receptors collect the information about changes that happen around us and send the signal/information to the brain which responds to the change detected. When receptors do not work properly, the environmental stimuli are not able to create nerve impulses and body does not respond.

5. Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function.

Neurons are nerve cells which are functional units of the nervous system. Three main parts of neurons are Dendrites, Axons and cell body.

Dendrite: Detects information and sends it to cell body

Cell Body: Maintains growth of the cell

Axon: Conducts messages away from cell body and signal to next neuron.

6. How does phototropism occur in plants?

Directional movement and growth of plant in response to light is called as phototropism. Phototropism occurs due to increased auxin on the dark side and decreased auxin on the illuminated side. Because of presence of more auxin, a leaf in the darker side grows faster causing it to bend towards the source of light.

7. Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury?

In case of a spinal cord injury, signals coming from the nerves, as well as the signals coming to the receptors, will be disrupted. Both these signals meet in a bundle in the spinal cord. Hence, both these signals get disrupted.

8. How does chemical coordination occur in plants?

Plant growth, development and responses to the environment is controlled and coordinated by a special class of chemical substances known as hormones. Hormones are produced in one part of the plant and are transported to all the needy parts of the plant. The five major types of phytohormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. These phytohormones are either growth promoters (such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and ethylene) or growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid.

9. What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism?

There are various organs in an organism. These organs must be carefully controlled and coordinated for the survival of an organism. In the body of an organism, various fluids are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system. These hormones are responsible for the overall growth and development of an organism. All other daily decisions that include voluntary and involuntary actions are controlled by the central nervous system (CNS).

Coordination is needed for all human activities we perform. Our nervous system receives information from surroundings which is processed and a response is elicited. The endocrine system (hormonal system) helps in integrating various metabolic activities like reproduction, development, and all reflex actions (cope up with various give up situations).

The hormonal system in plants helps in process of photosynthesis; they need carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. The stomatal opening in leaves opens up to allow in carbon dioxide gas, the roots bend towards water, the stem grows towards sunlight, and the tendrils in climbing plants are supported by the hormonal system of the plant body.

Thus, we need a control and coordination system in an organism.

10. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?

11. Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals.

12. What is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive plant and the movement in our legs?

Chapter 7 of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science explains the nervous system-muscular tissue correlation. This topic also explains the human brain anatomy, tissue protection and nervous tissue action. It explains chemical coordination in animals and plants. Chapter 7 of Science NCERT Solutions for Class 10  explains some of the important hormones and their functions. Concepts were explained with a clear diagram showing the location of different glands in the human body and a table on the functions of different glands.

Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Exercise 1.1 solution

Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions for Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

Class 10 NCERT Science Chapter 7 explains the various nervous actions like:

• Reflex action
• Voluntary action
• Involuntary action
• It explains the control and coordination of the nervous system.
• The action of hormones is regulated by the feedback mechanism.
• Use of electrical impulses to transmit messages.

Students can utilise the NCERT Solutions for Class 10  for any quick references to comprehend important and complex topics of any subject and chapter.

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination:

• Students can easily understand the language used in NCERT Solutions .
• For CBSE board exams, Science Olympiads, and other competitive exams, these solutions will be useful.
• Provides fully resolved solutions to all the issues in the respective NCERT textbooks.
• After extensive research on each topic, these solutions are prepared by our subject experts to provide the students with adequate and genuine information.
• To assist students in their preparations, detailed answers to all questions are provided.

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