pms essay paper 2012

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PMS English Essay Past Papers (PDF Download)

Students who are searching for the PMS English Essay Past Papers can download them here in pdf on this website. We have compiled and uploaded past papers of PMS English Essay in pdf format. These PMS English Essay Past Papers will help the students to get good marks. Also, students can get an idea of paper patterns by solving past papers of PMS English Essay. Attempting and scoring well in these PMS English Essay papers will boost a candidate’s confidence and help them point out the important topics from the exam perspective.

Here we have uploaded 10 years of past papers of PMS English Essay – which you can download and read easily.

PMS English Essay Past Papers PDF Download

• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2022
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2021
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2020
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2018
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2016
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2015
• PMS English Essay Past Papers Pdf 2011

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PMS PAST PAPERS

PMS Past Papers 2016-2022 (Download PDF for FREE) is a topic that many students who want to appear in the Provincial Management Service (PMS) exam are interested in.

PMS is a competitive exam that is conducted by the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) to recruit candidates for various posts in the provincial administration. PMS exam consists of two parts: written and viva voce. The written part has six compulsory subjects and three optional subjects, each carrying 100 marks.

The optional subjects are divided into seven groups, and the candidates have to choose one subject from each group 2 . The past papers of PMS exam are very helpful for the candidates to prepare for the exam, as they can get an idea of the syllabus, pattern, and difficulty level of the questions.

The past papers also help the candidates to practice their time management, writing skills, and knowledge of the subjects. There are many websites that provide PMS past papers for free download in PDF format, such as Top Study World. These websites have arranged the past papers year-wise and subject-wise, so that the candidates can easily find their desired papers.

The past papers cover the years from 2016 to 2022, and include both compulsory and optional subjects. By downloading and studying these past papers, the candidates can improve their chances of success in the PMS exam.

If you are looking for past papers to prepare for the PMS exam, then look no further.

Today we are going to explain what the PMS exam and provide you with the links for PMS Past Papers. Stay with us as we will go in full depth as we explain them.

PMS Past Papers

Let’s begin our discussion with what is a PMS exam. A familiarity of the term is crucial in understanding its significance in Pakistan and its characteristics.

If you are familiar with the exam and its formats then you can simply go to the past paper’s links. Otherwise, stay with us as we’ll explain the PMS exam.

Governing Body

The PMS exam stands for the Provincial Management Service exam that is conducted by the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC). This exam is held in Pakistan and mainly for the candidates from Punjab’s different districts.

The exam resembles the CSS exam but it is also somewhat different from it. The CSS exam is held on a federal level while the PMS exam is held on a provincial level (Exclusively for Punjab).

Schedule of PMS

The PMS exam does not have a particular exam date sheet because the purpose of this exam is to fill the vacant spots in the provincial management services. This is mostly conducted every year but only in the case of any vacant seats.

This was the basic introduction to the PMS exam. I hope you now know what it is and why you can consider yourself to take this exam.

Exam Format

The format of the exam consists of 2 types which are compulsory Let’s talk about the format or pattern of this exam now. The format of the exam resembles that of CSS a great deal. It consists of 2 types of subjects which are compulsory subjects and optional subjects.

Compulsory Subjects

With the exception of Urdu, our national language, the rest of the list is a split image of the CSS compulsory subjects. There are 6 compulsory subjects which are:

English Essay

Languages like English are widely spoken in the world. English is considered as a universal language, mainly because it is spoken in different countries and it functions as the major language used in the business world.

English language is studied all over the world, mainly because it has become a universal language and people from different countries have to communicate in this language during their business transactions. People from different countries prefer using English as a medium of instruction because they consider it as an international language (Al-Khalili, 2010). This can be attributed to the fact that most people are not comfortable with speaking English.

In this essay, we will discuss how one can learn and improve his skills in writing and speaking English. The essay will also discuss on how one can improve his communication skills when he speaks English. The essay will provide information on how one can use proper sentence structures, grammar and vocabulary when he communicates or writes something in the English language.

The English language is one of the world’s most important languages. It is even considered to be the most important language. English is important, but not for the same reasons as other languages.

• English Essay.
• English General.
• Islamic Studies or Ethics(only for the minority candidates).
• Pakistan Studies.
• General Knowledge.

You cannot skip any of these subjects. However, in optional subjects, there’s a different story.

Optional Subjects

There are 30 optional subjects. That’s right. A whole diverse range of subjects! But don’t be hasty in celebrating. While choosing the optional subjects you have the option of selecting 3 subjects from 3 different groups.

There are a total of 7 groups. This means you have to invest your time in reading and preparing a diverse set of subjects. If you come to think about it, it’s actually a reasonable approach.

Score Division

The optional subjects have quite the influence because each of the subjects contains 200 marks. Let me make clear why it is? It is because there are a total of 1200 marks in which optional subjects have 600 marks in total.

So, while choosing the option subjects, you should go for only 3 subjects with a score point of 200 each. Try to be smart, not hard working in this test.

Hopefully, this gives you a good idea regarding what is the PMS exam and what is its format.

Benefits of Preparing from Past Papers

Let’s look at some of the advantages of referring to the past papers:

• You reduce your fear of the exam by familiarizing yourself with its pattern, time limit, type of questions etc.
• You work exclusively on your time management, a key player in scoring well in exams.
• You understand the examiner’s mind by focusing on the topics and type of questions they deem important

PMS Past Paper Download in PDF

Let’s talk in a more generic term. Past Papers are necessary for success in any exam. This gives a person the ability to manage time and get prepared for what he/she has to face. This gives an idea to the candidate about what he/she has to face during the exam.

If the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) does not change the pattern then it can be very beneficial for you to prepare from the past papers.

Let’s hop onto the links now.

1) Links (Part 1):

These are the links to most recent past papers:

• Past Paper 2018 19 PPSC PMS General Knowledge Paper 1
• PMS Past paper 2016 Business Administration Paper I
• General Knowledge
• PMS Past Paper 2016 English Essay
• PMS Past Paper 2015 Islamic Studies
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Computer Sciences Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Computer Science Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Commerce Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Chemistry Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Botany Paper I Page 1
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Arabic Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Economics Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 English Compulsory
• PMS Past Paper 2016 English Lit Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Geography Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 History Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Law Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Pak Studies (1)
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Mathematics Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Mathematics Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Mass Communication Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Mass Communication Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Law Paper II

These are only half of the past paper’s links.

2) Links (Part 2):

• PMS Past Paper 2016 Pak Studies
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Persian Paper I Page 1
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Persian Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Philosophy Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Physics Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Political Science Paper I
• PMS Past paper 2016 Punjabi Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Public Administration Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Public Administration Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Psychology Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Political Science Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Psychology Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Social Work Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Social Work Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Sociology Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Statistics Paper I
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Statistics Paper II
• PMS Past Paper 2016 Zoology Paper I
• PMS Past Paper Veterinary Science Paper-II
• PMS Past Paper Urdu Essay 2016
• PMS Past Paper Urdu 2016 Paper II
• PMS Past Paper Urdu 2016 Paper 1
• PMS Past Paper Education 2016 Paper I
• PMS Past Paper Arabic Paper 1

3) Links (Part 3) : Past Papers PMS 2019 Compulsory Subjects

4) Links (Part 4) : Past Papers PMS 2020 Compulsory Subjects

5) Links (Part 5) : Past Papers PMS 2021 Compulsory Subjects

6) Links (Part 6): Past Papers PMS 2022 Compulsory Subjects

Key to Success:

If you think that you can just breeze through the PMS exam without putting any effort into it, then you are sadly gravely mistaken. These exams cannot be taken lightly.

For you to achieve high marks in the PMS exam, you must be willing to stick to a rigid schedule otherwise you cannot acquire high marks.

The key to achieving high marks in the Provincial Management Service exam is dedication. This is basically necessary for any exam but it especially applies to the PMS exam.

By sticking to a rigid schedule you can easily obtain high marks. There is also the factor of the interview/viva which consists of 200 marks. The key to success in them is simple confidence. By finding a sneaky way for the problems the person can easily score high in them as well.

Hopefully, these PMS Past Papers can prove useful to you in the PMS Exam. Best of luck with the exam.

He is an SEO wizard and founder of Top Study World & Nafran , has been featured more times than a celebrity on Ahrefs , Semrush , Dawn News , Propakistani and dozens more. His superpower? Helping students ace their exams!

PMS Past Papers: Get PMS Past Papers for All Subjects

In this article, you’ll find PMS Past Papers for All Subjects. We have arranged all the past papers of PMS from 2020 onwards . To find your desired paper click on the subject name.

PMS Past Papers for Compulsory Subjects

In the below table, you’ll find the PMS Past Papers for Compulsory Subjects.

PMS Past Papers for Optional Subjects

In the below table, you’ll find the PMS Past Papers for Optional Subjects.

These are all PMS Past papers year-wise.

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PMS Past Papers PDF Download

Provincial Management Service has issued a job advertisement and all candidates who are going to apply or have done their registration now can get the PMS Past Papers PDF Download from this page. On the other hand, past papers give help to the students in the preparation of exams and they know about the idea of the paper. Many of the students are going to appear for the first time in the PPSC PMS exam as well sometimes when management will make a paper and then take some questions from previous papers. So those candidates who easily solve this paper will read all the past papers. In addition, you can take the PMS old 5 Years Past Papers PDF Download is listed below.

Punjab Public Service Commission has released the PMS Past Paper. So before appearing in the exam must read the past paper PMS. PPSC takes an exam every year for the recruitment of PMS and when they complete the criteria of the selection they issue all papers publically. So this is called past paper. Moreover, PPSC PMS Date Sheet has been announced and people can start preparing for the exam.

Start Online Preparation:

Some people require Pakistan Affairs topics and knowledge. So, all Pakistan affairs PMS Past Papers are here and people can get and read. When PPSC makes paper then they include the general knowledge portion. So, sometimes general knowledge questions come easy and sometimes become very difficult. As well all general knowledge questions are going to be mentioned below.

This is a golden chance to prepare for the PMS exam because PPSC has announced PMS jobs across Punjab and they are going to start exams in April and May. Candidates who have applied now can get the past paper from this page. Further, if they announce the other information about PMS Past Papers 2024 then we will update this page.

Muhammad Hassnain

As a Professional career consultant, I am dedicated to providing educational services to students through ilm.com.pk. My primary objective is to provide all educational news to the students on time.

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PMS Solved Past Papers for All Subjects in PDF [2023 Updated]

PMS past papers are one of the best way to get into Provisional Management Service which is shortly known as PMS in Pakistan which comes under Pakistan Administrative Service . The best way to know the kind of paper you’ll be dealing with is to look at the old papers and how they were handled.

To get good grades in your PMS exams, you have to work hard. Keep on practicing writing essays, and you can get good grades in your exams.

You can use the same techniques for PMS that you use for studying for tests and quizzes or you can just try to study at the same time every day. With so many lengthy courses here you cant study and memorize all of it. So the best way is to go for selective questions.

PMS past papers In pdf for All Subjects 2023

It’s hard sometimes to concentrate and read online. We understand there are so many distractions. An easy solution for you is to download PMS past papers in pdf format from this page and save it into your mobile or PC. Now disconnect from everywhere and starts reading these old papers one by one.

This is by far the best method to prepare yourself. Your mind will be more focused and your productivity will increase. The exams are quite competitive so make sure you prepare well before time. The special thing bout PMS is it’s not conducted against a date sheet. This means the government of Pakistan will announce it only when they have vacant positions.

Optional and Compulsory subjects

Let’s have an overview of the subjects. PMS divided it into two parts, compulsory and optional.

Compulsory subjects:

• English Essay
• Pakistan Studies
• English General
• General Knowledge
• Islamic Studies / Ethics for non-Muslims

You have to take all of the above being compulsory PMS papers and for optional you will be surprised to know there are 30 subjects from which you have to pick 3 in total. one from each group of seven groups.

نیچے دیے گئے مضامین پر کلک کر کے پرچے ڈاؤنلوڈ کریں۔

Click On the Blue Color Paper names to download your Past papers.

Optional Subjects

Why Prepare from Past papers

You might think why we are emphasizing past papers preparation and not go to books directly. There are several reasons. Let’s discuss a few:

• You get to know the pattern of paper which really helps in organizing beforehand.
• Once you know what’s coming up then you will plan your time for maximum benefit.
• You can see how the examiner is choosing to ask and which angle should be covered during your writing.
• Some of the questions also repeat in the next papers so it’s kind of easy marks.

PMS past papers MCQs – Crucial Part

This is one of the most important parts of the PMS exam as MCQs can give you easy marks if you know how to prepare well. Multiple choice questions are easy yet tricky to handle. You can just guess all of them but a few. Sometimes the options given are so close to each other that you cant distinguish.

For example, if there is a question:

On which date Resolution of Pakistan was decided? 

1 – 23 March 1940                2- 20 March 1940                    3- 23 March 1941 

Now see what the examiner has done? He mixed up years and dates. To choose the correct one from these types of questions you have to study thoroughly. And these pdf mock papers of PMS will take your preparation to a whole new level.

Recommended PMS preparation books

There are several books that are also recommended and we will try to provide you pdf version as well if you are interested then comment below and we will send you these.

• Past papers collection by HSM Publishers
• Top 30 essays for PMS/CSS by Zahid Ashraf
• Caravan e Urdu for SCC /PMS
• Constitutional law for CSS /PMS /LLB by Rahim Baksh
• Jahangir’s World Times
• Gender Studies
• Pakistan History by Dogar Books

4 thoughts on “PMS Solved Past Papers for All Subjects in PDF [2023 Updated]”

I need solved pms past papers.

Sir kindly click on the given links and download it in PDF format

I need past papers of PMS..

post updated…now abhi chk kren show hn gy ap ko sab papers

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CSS PMS English Essay Complete Preparation Material

CSS PMS English Essay holds the key, to get success in competitive exams. In fact, most of the students get failed in CSS or PMS in English Essay, even the candidates who have done Masters’s in English Literature. The question comes why?

Besides, writing correct English, passing the essay paper requires writing technique, skill, and practice. Most CSS or PMS candidates do not acquire competent guidelines, as a result, their dream not come true to become a bureaucrat.

Table of Contents

Types of CSS PMS English Essay?

Writing is a skill, and without mastering the skill no one can claim the surety of success. In most cases, CSS or PMS candidates consider that passing the English Essay paper depends upon luck, but this is not the reality. One also has to master English Precis & Composition in order to understand better English Essays.

Remember that, in competitive exams mostly three types of essays are asked; Argumentative , Explanatory , and Quotation .

An argumentative essay requires complete evidence and you must support your answer with logical reasons and claims. This type of essay needs evidence in the shape of fact, figure, example, or explanation.

The explanatory essay does not require evidence and support, you just need to give a general examples and detailed writing on the given topic.

A quotation topic essay requires a piece of detailed knowledge and material about the specific quote, and usually after few pages the content of the candidate dries.

Why do Candidates fail CSS PMS English Essay?

First of all, understanding the topic is the most important thing which is not done by most of the candidates. In case if you know the content about two topics then it is better to write down the outlines of two essays and then finalize which one is to be attempted.

“Global Warming, a fact or fiction.” (CSS 2008)

If you encounter an essay such as stated above in the exam, you need to support one logic; either fact or fiction. Do not try to prove both, because in the statement there is “or”. Furthermore, you must support your answer by presenting facts, figures, and logical reasoning to claim your point of view.

Sometimes, essays like “Democracy is a culture rather than a process (CSS 2012) come into the exam. This kind of topic needs content proving democracy is a culture in developing countries and it is a process in developed countries. There is a great chance that you may differ a lot in your opinions and your essay might be full of controversial statements. So, it is better to avoid these kinds of essays.

In 2013, “Meaning and purpose of education” was the hot topic written by most of the candidates. A lot of students failed because somehow they wrote the crammed essay based on causes and effects but the examiner had asked them to write about the meaning and purpose of education.

CSS PMS English Essay Preparation Material

How To Pass CSS PMS English Essay?

A good CSS PMS English Essay contains;

• No grammatical errors.
• Every relevant aspect of the topic should be discussed.
• Proper paragraphing. (Every next paragraph should take the discussion forward. Do not explain the same point repeatedly).
• Proper coherence and cohesion between the paragraphs and ideas.
• Organized and united content presentation. (It should not be haphazard written work, its different parts should be joined to form a beautiful structure).
• Do not negate your arguments in the middle of the essay or in the end. (You should be reasonable where ever you have to prove a point to express an opinion).
• Avoid repetition of words, sentences, and ideas.
• Use minimum words which can express an idea.
• Your writing should be idiomatic.

Best Structure For A CSS PMS English Essay

Every CSS PMS English Essay paper invariably contains such kinds of topics on which a reasonable candidate can write an essay, such as; a current affair topic, literary topic, or a past paper look-alike topic. After selecting the topic, think hard to ascertain its true meaning. The incorrect meaning will surely lead you to write an irrelevant essay.

Remember that an essay has three parts; An introduction , a main body , and a conclusion . An outline shall be made to give an overall view of all of your content.

How To Make An Outline?

It is a structure that shows the content in paraphrased sentences for each paragraph. This is how you mentally capture the entire essay from start to finish. A simple causes and effects essay can have an outline such as;

“Energy Crisis: Causes and Effects”

Introduction

• Energy, a lifeline.
• Demand and supply gap.
• No major projects were undertaken by previous governments.
• Failure to increase the generating capacity.
• The problem of circular debt.
• Closure of industrial units.
• Unemployment.
• Effects on the social and economic condition of the country.

Suggestions

• Resolving the circular debt.
• Building small power plants.
• The capital cost of new plants.

Sometimes, essay like “Country life is better than city life” was asked. In this case, you must make an outline having two major headings; one is country life and another one is city life. These main headings must have pros and cons of living life there as subheadings.

How To Write an Introduction?

• The argumentative essay starts with a starter and thesis statement at the start of an essay. The thesis statement, short and precise, is the idea of what the student is going to prove in his/her essays. Most of the time in an argumentative essay, where there are causes, effects, and suggestions, students can write these causes, effects, and suggestions in their thesis statement.
• For example, the thesis statement of the poverty essay can be: Poverty in Pakistan is a multifaceted problem deeply rooted in its socio-political and economic structure of governance. The lack of effective political and economic governance is adversely hampering efforts to cut rising poverty. ·
• Another example of a starter of a Corruption essay can be: Corruption exists in one form or another in all societies. The major difference in the case of Pakistan (or perhaps South Asia) is the extent of its pervasiveness and its implications for governance and the value system in general and the political culture in particular.
• After that, explain it and the length of an essay should be one page of A4 size.

How To Write Body of An Essay?

• After writing an introduction, students need to write the causes in each paragraph. If the essay is Poverty, causes, effects, and suggestions then you must write down the cause of poverty first.
• For example, the first cause of poverty is feudalism. In this paragraph, write such type of start-up paragraph which student can easily justify in his paragraph.
• For feudalism, you can write the opening sentence of a paragraph as; Since the independence of Pakistan, feudal lords hijack this country by exerting their influence in all fields of life as they are MPAs, MNAs, Ministers, P.Ms, and Presidents.
• After writing the opening paragraph, you have the option to give a fact or figure with an example or explain this idea. For example, you can justify by saying that: More than 60-70% of our land is occupied by feudal lords (22 families) while the rest population (190m) has 20-30% land resulting in the shape of equal distribution of income. That is why poverty is increasing day by day as our major income is in the hands of 22 families who hold 60-70 % of our land.
• Similarly, you are supposed to write other causes in different paragraphs.
• After writing causes in 7 or 8 paragraphs then students need to write effects in 4 to 5 paragraphs as effects paragraphs do not have an argument and its justification.
• After that, give suggestions in 3 to 4 paragraphs by using different words like should, must, ought to, it is the need of the hour, it is high time, etc.

How To Write The Conclusion Of An Essay

• In the conclusion, write with the words such as Finally, Lastly, In conclusion, To conclude this, To summarise, In summary, In sum, etc.
• In the conclusion, paraphrase your thesis statement and justify your argument which you have developed in the introduction.
• The end of the paragraph should be very positive as one hopes, one wishes, one prays that Pakistan will be able to overcome this problem if practical policies are implemented.

Explanatory Essays

• These are those essays that do not need argument and justification.
• Such essays consist of prerequisites, general examples, and more focus on explanation.
• Essays such type can be:
• Country life is better than city life .
• Meaning and purpose of education.
• The pleasures of reading.
• All humans are born equal in dignity and rights but they are m shackles everywhere.
• Dialogue is the best course to combat terrorism.
• Such essays should be solved according to their key terms. For example, if there is an essay on The pleasure of Reading then those students can write who have the habit of book reading and they know what are its benefits, how it contributes towards knowledge increase, etc.

Techniques How To Deal with Different Topics of CSS PMS English Essay

• Essay like Dialogue is the best course to combat terrorism or great nations win without fighting (CSS-2014) need to elaborate on the importance of dialogue as it is necessary because it avoids bloodshed, wastage of resources, weakening economy, loss of human being, damage to infrastructure as nations have to conclude dialogue even at the end of the war. !fit is necessary at the end why there is a need for war’?
• In this way, students after writing and developing the significance of dialogue can write the examples of the world like the Soviet Union, and the US withdrawal from Afghanistan.
• In such essays, the student has to convince the examiners of the role of dialogue rather than launching a war.
• Essay like Can the Third World War be prevented? (CSS-2008) or Can women be equal to men in Pakistan? (CSS-2010). The student has the option to prove it that is possible or not. If yes, then give your argument in a logical way, only take one side of the picture, and do not try to prove both sides.
• In 20 l 4, an Essay on dialogue was asked. The context was the withdrawal of the US from Afghanistan and there were a number of articles in Dawn about Dialogue and Peace. Such questions appear in Newspapers like Dawn where students can prepare easily.
• In 2015, Human rights violation and the war on terror was asked. Students of International Law can attempt it because they have read it in their syllabus. In short, the Top 30 Essay books and Newspaper before 4 to 5 months of the exams can be beneficial to get higher marks.

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How To Write an Evidence in the CSS and PMS Essay Body Paragraphs

• December 15, 2022
• Sir Syed Kazim Ali Notes , Writing Aid
• 40312 Views

How To Write an Evidence in an Essay Body Paragraphs | CSS and PMS Essay Guide | How To Write an Evidence in the CSS and PMS Essay Body Paragraphs | How to Write CSS Essays? | How to Write PMS Essays? | CSS and PMS Essay Guide by Sir Syed Kazim Ali

As a lawyer in a jury trial persuades the judge to agree with his claims, the CSS and PMS aspirants must have to convince their examiners of the validity of their arguments. And this can only be done by writing relevant evidence that supports your arguments. Since the examiner has started asking for argumentative essays, easy yet tricky to crack, it is undoubtedly of great importance to learn how to write evidence to qualify for the essay paper, especially in the CSS examination. What is a piece of evidence and how and where to write it is a question hundreds of aspirants ask me through messages and emails. Unfortunately, I hardly have time to write the lectures here because it takes me around five lectures, 3 to 4 hours a class, to clear my students on the concept of evidence and how to write it effectively. Yet I have given the glimpse and crux of my lectures related to evidence. All my students must read this article to revise the concept briefly again and get almost 20 to 30 body paragraphs evaluated by me within the next five days. 

In the CSS and PMS essays, you can write evidence in a number of ways. It could be data from a relevant subject, quotes from a book, saying from an expert, or even testimony from a historical book. No matter what form you use in your essays, the only thing you need to focus on is they must support your thesis statement in the essay’s introductory paragraph or arguments in the essay’s body paragraphs.

Why is evidence necessary in the CSS and PMS essays?

In the CSS and PMS essays’ papers, relevant, clear, and well-supported arguments are the key to success. To do this, you have to use evidence to support and back up your claims (known as arguments) to persuade the examiner to agree with your point of view. If you effectively make the essay checker agree with your viewpoints, you can easily crack the essay paper. 

Types of evidence

Many different types of evidence can be used in essays. Some common examples include:

1- Analogy-Based Evidence

Analogy-based evidence is a comparison you write to support your arguments in an essay. You need to be sure about the relevancy of the analogy whether there exist similarities between the two things you are comparing or not.

✓ Like a car’s engine, a state’s institutes require regular reforms to function effectively. ✓ Like cancer, corruption can gobble up all kinds of development a country makes.

Important Points

• ✓ It is the weakest way to support your arguments.
• ✓ It can be written in the essays’ introductory paragraphs to support any of your arguments coming after the hook and context.
• ✓ It can be written in the essays’ body paragraphs to support your arguments, usually known as topic sentences.
• ✓ I recommend you avoid using this type of evidence.

2- Anecdotal Evidence

Anecdotal evidence is your personal story or experience, research, or example that you use to try to illustrate your point of view. Remember, it is often considered less reliable than other types of evidence, so I recommend my students avoid using it, especially in essays’ body paragraphs. However, an anecdote as a hook can only be used in narrative essays, which are hardly asked in the CSS and PMS examinations. Therefore, if you use this hook to start your descriptive, expository, or fact-based essay, you hardly qualify for the essay paper, especially the CSS essay paper. Sadly, most high-school teachers and B.S.-level English lecturers and professors in Pakistan make their students use an anecdote to start essays. As a result, they hardly score above 20 and fail their essay paper.

“I know an aspirant who didn’t qualify for the CSS essay paper three times because he always used anecdotal evidence in his essay’s body paragraphs or anecdotes to start his essays.”

• ✓ Less reliable and doesn’t support your argument effectively.
• ✓ This type of evidence can only be used in narrative essays.
• ✓ Never use anecdotes as a hook to start an argumentative essay.
• ✓ Never write this type of evidence in argumentative essays’ body paragraphs.

3- Hypothetical Evidence

Hypothetical evidence is a situation that your write to support your argument. To persuade your examiner about your point of view, you can use this type of evidence. However, you have to make sure that the hypothetical situation is realistic. Otherwise, it will undermine your argument.

“If the world’s leaders do not take immediate actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Earth’s surface average temperature will continue to rise.”

Important Point

• ✓ It is not much strong, but good enough to support your arguments.
• ✓ It can be written in the essays’ introductory paragraphs to support any of your arguments while suggesting ideas.
• ✓ I recommend you use it. 

4- Logical or Analytical Evidence

Logical or analytical evidence is your reasoning and logic that you use to support your arguments.

“The capital punishment, the death penalty, is a deterrent to immoral crimes because it removes the possibility of rehabilitation.”

5- Statistical Evidence

Statistical evidence is data from research papers or surveys that you use to support your arguments. This type of evidence is the most persuasive because it is based on factual data. However, it is important to make sure that the data is from a reliable source.

“According to a study by Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), corruption, if not tackled timely, can rob millions of people of a bright future.”

• ✓ It is strong enough to support your arguments.
• ✓ It can be written in the essays’ introductory paragraphs to support any of your arguments.
• ✓ I recommend you use it frequently.

6- Testimonial Evidence

Testimonial evidence is a quote from an expert or someone you use to support your argument. This type of evidence is the most persuasive because it uses the authority of an expert to support your argument. However, it is important to make sure that the expert is credible and that their opinion is relevant to your argument.

“According to Dr. Nimra Fawad, a leading expert on the health effects of smoking, “Smoking is injurious to health and a major contributor to heart disease and lung cancer.”

• ✓ I recommend you use it.  

7- Textual Evidence

Textual evidence is a quote or sentence from a literary work or historical document that you use to support your argument. This type of evidence is also the most persuasive. However, it is important to make sure that the source is credible and relevant to your argument.

“In his book ‘Corruption and Accountability,’ Dr. Hafiz Pasha says, ‘You never really understand what corruption can cause to the state unless you understand how much accountability is important for economic sustainability.’”

How to introduce evidence in the essays’ body paragraphs?

Along with knowing what type of evidence you can use; it is also crucial to know and practice how to use it in the most effective way while writing an essay’s body paragraph. I have written some steps that you can take to incorporate evidence in your CSS and PMS English essay paper.

Essay’s Body Paragraph Structure

My students, you are advised to revise the essay lectures in which we learn and practice outlines, introductory paragraphs, and body paragraphs in detail. So, you know how to write argumentative, descriptive, expository, and fact-based essay body paragraphs. I have written the essay’s body paragraph structure again for your convenience.

• ✓ Argument/Thesis statement/Topic Sentence/Claim
• ✓ Support the topic sentence
• ✓ Write your evidence
• ✓ Explain or comment on your evidence
• ✓ Add another evidence and explain (if required)
• ✓ Link back to your topic sentence

Essays’ Body Paragraphs Examples

Here are examples of full essays’ body paragraphs with all steps applied. The topic sentence is bold; the supporting sentence is underlined; the evidence is bold and underlined; the explanation or comment on the evidence has no formatting. 

Social media also negatively impacts the preparation of thousands of competitive aspirants. Maximum failure in the CSS and PMS examinations has been a glaring example. According to Miss Nirmal Hassni, Deputy Director NAB , “Aspirants who are over-exposed to social media are more likely to display credulous behaviour and hardly prepare themselves for the exams than those who do not believe in social networks websites.” Moreover, as every fresh qualifier and officer has started providing essay and precis coaching by displaying their videos, DMCs, and tips and tricks on social media, thousands of new CSS and PMS aspirants become easy prey to their coaching. That results in further complexities among those fresh aspirants because tips and tricks never let them know the nature of the English essay paper and how to outline their arguments and start and end essays. As a result, the failure ratio has increased by leaps and bounds each year. Thus, social media, without any doubt, has psychologically impacted CSS and PMS aspirants and negatively affected their preparation .

The span between equality and its actuality in Pakistan has become even more expansive. Over the years, the country has shown its commitment to reaffirming the dream of equality for its citizens. However, it is one of the countries with the highest levels of inequality today. Various studies have dismissed the myth of Pakistan as “the land of pure and opportunity”. In contrast, many of its citizens may disagree on how to implement equality. In fact, inequality experienced all over is undesirable. Years back, Pakistan may have been true in claiming that the country offers equality to all, but many of those promising stories about the country today are a hoax.   Dr Hafeez Pasha’s argument is well-supported by evidence that a deficiency of opportunity and poverty are highly associated with inequality.  And undoubtedly, these two factors are the determinants of economic inequality in many countries. Consequently, the few people who have had the chance to access resources are more likely to tend to grab more wealth than those who remain without it. This situation leads to the economic gap between people and, therefore, economic inequality.

One of the main hurdles to reaching a global consensus on countering global warming is the debate over which countries should accept the responsibilities . Since developed economies have historically been responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions, it has been argued that they should prioritize technological development to counter environmental concerns. Article 3.1 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC – 1992) explicitly states that the developed country parties should take the lead in combating climate change and its adverse effects. Nevertheless, because UNFCCC outlines merely a principle, not an actionable plan, it has remained problematic to decide to what extent developed and developing countries can be allowed emissions. Moreover, it has also not formulated any straightforward financial and technological plan for developed nations to combat the impacts of global warming. As a result, fighting global warming and climate change impacts has been a point of contention among the international comity. In summary, equal responsibility should be pursued in reaching a global agreement on global warming; however, developing an actionable strategy will be problematic unless the world’s leaders show seriousness regarding this environmental issue .

University, for sure, is a place where students become leaders and employers who lead the world politically and economically in the bigger picture of their lives. But along with the focus on learning skills, the most significant benefit of going to universities is not necessarily what students learn but the other students they meet and the connections they create there.   Sir Syed Kazim Ali’s argument beautifully explains the abovementioned fact: “Whenever students are asked to give reasons for joining the university, they always write down discipline-oriented motives. Practically, a significant number of grads go on to professions unrelated to their degrees.”  So, not knowledge alone but skills and students’ connections at university always help students have a useful professional contact for their bright future. Hence, knowledge, connections and skills are highly important elements for a university grad to have a successful future.

Bad governance has made Pakistan fail to produce equal employment opportunities. The crisis has made it almost impossible to equip the country’s youth with equal employment opportunities. That results in 8% of unemployed youth, and consequently, poverty has started causing more social, economic, and political chaos across the country.   According to the Asian Development Bank’s Poverty Report on Pakistan, nearly 23% of the country’s graduates have to live below the poverty line because they barely earn $1.15 a day .  Moreover, it has been an undeniable fact that poverty-ridden citizens and unemployed youth can quickly become prey to terrorist organizations, thus, becoming a threat to the country’s peace, prosperity, and stability. Although bad governance has jolted Pakistan’s social, political, and economic fabric, through good governance, the malice of unemployment and poverty could easily be countered.  

Without proper check and balance mechanisms and good governance, corruption has become the norm in Pakistan, impacting everyone’s life equally. F or example, a person who has never been to any police station and has never done any wrongdoing can still be found in a police station because his opponent has greased the palms of a police officer. Moreover ,  according to the World Bank’s latest report, corruption has been the leading cause of low Foreign Direct Investment and doing business in Pakistan.  A country experiencing corruption of nearly 14 billion a day can never incite the international community to invest. Unfortunately, Pakistan has become a country where none can get his legitimate work done without bribing government officials. Ironically, this situation impacted government machinery and jolted the general public’s faith in the state.  

Today’s Pakistani society has sadly become adversely unequal. Citizens are different for various factors and reasons: cities, education, and culture. Even this inequality has started affecting children psychologically.   For example, a child from a low-income family hardly gets a quality education and, therefore, always ends up in the same income level class. In contrast, children from wealthy families always have the chance to acquire quality education and end up in the middle or upper middle class.   This sad situation promotes an environment of discrimination, resulting in frustration and antagonism among the various classes of society. Therefore, the prospects of children’s future in Pakistan greatly depend upon what class and family they belong to rather than what qualities and skills they possess. 

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Catalyst for Melamine Production

• Published: November 2002
• Volume 75 , pages 1883–1884, ( 2002 )

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• I. D. Moiseeva 1 , 2 ,
• A. Yu. Kurylev 1 , 2 ,
• V. M. Pomerantsev 1 , 2 &
• A. F. Tubolkin 1 , 2  

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A novel electrolytic method for preparing the catalyst (active aluminum oxide) for melamine synthesis and a process for catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea are proposed.

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Hermann, D.F., Nitrogen , 1973, no. 83, pp. 49-50.

Haines, W., Nitrogen , 1966, no. 40, pp. 32-34.

Moiseev, I.D.,, Kurylev, A.Yu., and Pomerantsev, V.M., Abstracts of Papers, Konferentsiya molodykh uchenykh, Novomoskovskii institut Rossiiskogo khimiko-tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. D.I. Mendeleeva (Conf. of Young Scientists, Novomoskovsk Inst., Mendeleev Russian Univ. of Chemical Engineering), Novomoskovsk: NI RKhTU, 2001, pp. 200-201.

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Sychev, M.M., Neorganicheskie klei (Inorganic Adhesives), Leningrad: Khimiya, 1974.

Moiseev. I.D., Kurylev, A.Yu., and Pomerantsev, V.M., Abstracts of Papers, XIV Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “ Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii ” (XIV Int. Conf. Progress in Chemistry and Chemical Technology), Moscow: RKhTU, 2001, pp. 20-23.

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I. D. Moiseeva, A. Yu. Kurylev, V. M. Pomerantsev & A. F. Tubolkin

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Moiseeva, I.D., Kurylev, A.Y., Pomerantsev, V.M. et al. Catalyst for Melamine Production. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 75 , 1883–1884 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022247111693

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Issue Date : November 2002

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022247111693

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