For Latest Update Please join Our Social media Handle
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
Sanskrit language , (from Sanskrit saṃskṛta , “adorned, cultivated , purified”), an Old Indo-Aryan language in which the most ancient documents are the Vedas , composed in what is called Vedic Sanskrit . Although Vedic documents represent the dialects then found in the northern midlands of the Indian subcontinent and areas immediately east thereof, the very earliest texts—including the Rigveda (“The Veda Composed in Verses”), which scholars generally ascribe to approximately 1500 bce —stem from the northwestern part of the subcontinent, the area of the ancient seven rivers ( sapta sindhavaḥ ).
What is generally called Classical Sanskrit —but is actually a language close to late Vedic as then used in the northwest of the subcontinent—was elegantly described in one of the finest grammars ever produced, the Aṣṭādhyāyī (“Eight Chapters”) composed by Pāṇini ( c. 6th–5th century bce ). The Aṣṭādhyāyī in turn was the object of a rich commentatorial literature, documents of which are known from the time of Kātyāyana (4th–3rd century bce ) onward. In the same Pāṇinian tradition there was a long history of work on semantics and the philosophy of language , the pinnacle of which is represented by the Vākyapadīya (“Treatise on Sentence and Word”) of Bhartṛhari (late 6th–7th century ce ).
Over its long history, Sanskrit has been written both in Devanāgarī script and in various regional scripts, such as Śāradā from the north ( Kashmir ), Bāṅglā (Bengali) in the east, Gujarātī in the west, and various southern scripts, including the Grantha alphabet , which was especially devised for Sanskrit texts. Sanskrit texts continue to be published in regional scripts, although in fairly recent times Devanāgarī has become more generally used.
There is a large corpus of literature in Sanskrit covering a wide range of subjects. The earliest compositions are the Vedic texts. There are also major works of drama and poetry , although the exact dates of many of these works and their creators have not been definitively established. Important authors and works include Bhāsa (for example, his Svapnavāsvavadatta [“Vāsavadatta in a Dream”]), who is assigned widely varying dates but definitely worked prior to Kālidāsa, who mentions him; Kālidāsa , dated anywhere from the 1st century bce to the 4th century ce , whose works include Śakuntalā (more fully, Abhijñānaśākuntala ; “Śakuntalā Recalled Through Recognition” or “The Recognition of Śakuntalā”), Vikramorvaśīya (“Urvaśī Won Through Valour”), Kumārasambhava (“The Birth of Kumāra”), and Raghuvaṃśa (“The Lineage of Raghu”); Śūdraka and his Mṛcchakatika (“Little Clay Cart”), possibly dating to the 3rd century ce ; Bhāravi and his Kirātārjunīya (“Arjuna and the Kirāta”), from approximately the 7th century; Māgha , whose Śiśupālavadha (“The Slaying of Śiśupāla”) dates to the late 7th century; and from about the early 8th century Bhavabhūti , who wrote Mahāvīracarita (“Deeds of the Great Hero”), Mālatīmādhava (“Mālatī and Mādhava”), and Uttararāmacarita (“The Last Deed of Rāma”). The two epics Rāmāyaṇa (“Life of Rāma”) and Mahābhārata (“Great Tale of the Bhāratas”) were also composed in Sanskrit, and the former is esteemed as the first poetic work ( ādikāvya ) of India . The Pañcatantra (“Treatise in Five Chapters”) and Hitopadeśa (“Beneficial Instruction”) are major representatives of didactic literature. Sanskrit was also used as the medium for composing treatises of various philosophical schools, as well as works on logic, astronomy, and mathematics.
Sanskrit is not restricted to Hindu compositions. It has also been used by Jaina and Buddhist scholars, the latter primarily Mahāyāna Buddhists. Further, Sanskrit is recognized in the constitution of India as both a classical language and an official language and continues to be used in scholarly, literary, and technical media, as well as in periodicals, radio, television, and film.
In its grammatical structure, Sanskrit is similar to other early Indo-European languages such as Greek and Latin . It is an inflected language. For instance, the Sanskrit nominal system—including nouns, pronouns, and adjectives—has three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and seven syntactic cases (nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, and locative), in addition to a vocative. However, a full set of distinct forms occurs only in the singular of masculine -a- stems of the type deva- ‘god’: nominative devas ( devaḥ before a pause), accusative devam , instrumental devena , dative devāya , ablative devāt , genitive devasya , locative deve , and vocative deva .
Adjectives are inflected to agree with nouns, and there are distinct pronominal forms for certain cases: e.g., tasmai , tasmāt , tasmin (masculine-neuter dative, ablative, and locative singular, respectively) ‘that one.’
Verbs inflect for tense , mode, voice , number, and person. These may be illustrated by third-person active forms of pac ‘cook, bake’ (used if cooking is done for someone other than the agent), including the present indicative pacati ‘cooks, is cooking’; the proximate future pakṣyati ‘will cook,’ referring to an act that will take place at some time in the future, possibly including the day on which one is speaking; the non-proximate future paktā ‘will cook,’ referring to an act that will take place at some time in the future, excluding the day on which one is speaking; the aorist apākṣīt ‘cooked, has cooked,’ referring to an act completed in the general past, possibly including the day on which one speaks; the imperfect past apacat ‘cooked,’ referring to an act in the past, excluding the day on which one speaks; the perfect reportative papāca ‘cooked,’ referring to an act performed in the past, excluding the day of speaking, and which the speaker did not directly witness or is not personally aware; the imperative pacatu ‘should, must cook,’ expressing a command, request, or invitation to perform the act; the optative pacet , used in the same sense as the imperative; the precative pacyāt ‘may cook,’ expressing a wish; and the contrafactual conditional apakṣyat ‘if (he) cooked, if (he) had cooked, if (he) would cook, if (he) would have cooked.’ There are also middle forms (‘cook for oneself’) corresponding to the forms just cited: pacate ‘cooks, is cooking,’ pakṣyate ‘will cook,’ paktā ‘will cook,’ apakta ‘cooked, has cooked,’ apacata ‘cooked,’ pece ‘cooked,’ pacatām ‘should, must cook,’ pakṣīṣṭa ‘may cook,’ apakṣyata ‘if (I) cooked, if (I) had cooked, if (I) would cook, if (I) would have cooked.’ There is also a passive, as with the third singular present indicative pacyate ‘…is being cooked.’ Early Vedic preserves remnants of an earlier aspectual contrast between perfective and imperfective.
Essay name: Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence
Author: P. V. Rajee Affiliation: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit / Department of Sanskrit Sahitya
This essay is an English study on the Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence from the 16th century. It covers aspects of such as individual legal procedures and societal welfare, thus reflecting the judiciary principles of ancient ancient Indian society.
Document information:.
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
Full text available for: Chapter 2 - The place of Vyavaharamala in Sanskrit juridical texts
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
60 The administration in villages. Village people belonging to different religion, communities and castes assemble together, to discuss the problems of the village and try to solve them jointly. The customs aimed at the welfare of the people. Firstly villagers take an oath and then the matters should be discussed. Two, three, or five members from the villagers are selected and appointed to solve the problems. If the number exceeds three, there would be hindrances due to different opinions. So all villagers and society members should obey the words of the Kāryasta, the leader of the group. The qualifications and disqualifications of the society members. People having Rāga and Dwēṣa (jealous and hatred) should not be appointed as leader. So also aged-persons, infants, misers etc should not be included. The one possessing the qualities of pertinence, truth, knowledge, dharma and nobility
I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.
Let's make the world a better place together!
This post is an essay on India in Sanskrit.
भारतदेशः इति विषये संस्कृतभाषायां निबन्धः।.
Translation is given in Hindi and English for better understanding.
This short essay can be referenced by school students and interested Sanskrit learners.
Table of Contents
Interested learners can watch the below given video for correct Sanskrit pronunciation after they are done reading and understanding the short essay on India / Bharat.
भारतम् अस्माकं देशः अस्ति। भारतं जगति सप्तमः विशालतमः देशः अस्ति। प्राचीनकाले भरतः इति नामकः पराक्रमी राजा आसीत्। तस्य नाम्नः एव अस्माकं देशस्य नाम जातम् – भारतम्। भारतस्य उत्तरदिशि हिमालयपर्वताः विराजन्ते दक्षिणदिशि च हिन्दमहासागरः वर्तते। पूर्वदिशि बङ्गोपसागरः पश्चिमदिशि च अरबसागरः स्तः। भारतराष्ट्रे पवित्राः नद्यः वहन्ति, यथा – गङ्गा, यमुना, आदिनद्यः। भारतस्य प्राकृतिकसौन्दर्यम् अपि बहुदर्शनीयम् अस्ति। भाषासु, वेशेषु, धर्मेषु च भारते ‘विविधतायाम् एकता’ सदैव वर्तते। भारतदेशः एकं महत् राष्ट्रम् अस्ति।
bhāratam asmākaṃ deśaḥ asti। bhārataṃ jagati saptamaḥ viśālatamaḥ deśaḥ asti। prācīnakāle bharataḥ iti nāmakaḥ parākramī rājā āsīt। tasya nāmnaḥ eva asmākaṃ deśasya nāma jātam – bhāratam। bhāratasya uttaradiśi himālayaparvatāḥ virājante dakṣiṇadiśi ca hindamahāsāgaraḥ vartate। pūrvadiśi baṅgopasāgaraḥ paścimadiśi ca arabasāgaraḥ staḥ। bhāratarāṣṭre pavitrāḥ nadyaḥ vahanti, yathā – gaṅgā, yamunā, ādinadyaḥ। bhāratasya prākṛtikasaundaryam api bahudarśanīyam asti। bhāṣāsu, veśeṣu, dharmeṣu ca bhārate ‘vividhatāyām ekatā’ sadaiva vartate। bhāratadeśaḥ ekaṃ mahat rāṣṭram asti।
Bharat is our country. Bharat is the seventh largest country in the world. Bharata was a valorous king during the ancient times. It is from his name that our country’s name was derived – Bharat. In the north of Bharat, the Himalayan mountains are situated, and the Indian Ocean lies to the south of Bharat. In the east, there is the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea lies to the west. Many holy rivers flow through Bharat, like the Ganga, the Yamuna, etc. The nature of Bharat is also quite beautiful. The principle of ‘Unity in DIversity’ can be experienced in the linguistic, clothing and religious cultures of India. Bharat is a great country.
भारत हमारा देश है। भारत जग में सातवाँ सबसे विशाल देश है। प्राचीन काल में भरत नाम के एक पराक्रमी राजा थे। हमारे देश का नाम उन्हीं के नाम पर रखा गया है। भारत के उत्तर में हिमालय पर्वत विराजमान हैं और हिंद महासागर भारत के दक्षिण में स्थित है। पूर्व में बंगाल की खाड़ी और पश्चिम में अरब सागर हैं। भारत में अनेक पवित्र नदियाँ बहती हैं, जैसे – गंगा, यमुना आदि। भारत में प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य भी बहुत दर्शनीय है। हमारे देश में भाषाओं, वेशों और धर्मों में ‘विविधता में एकता’ सदैव रहती है। भारत एक महान राष्ट्र है।
Other interesting sections.
Learn about Sanskrit Axioms which is a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.
Learn about Sanskrit Proverbs which are a short, well-known saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.
Learn about Shloka or shlokas in Sanskrit which consists of four padas of 8 syllables each, or of two half-verses of 16 syllables each.
COMMENTS
अस्माकम् ग्राम: | My Village Essay in Sanskrit भारतवर्षः कृषि प्रधान देशः। कृषि-व्यापारः ग्रामेषु भवति । कृषकाः झामवासिनः । अतः ग्रामाणाम् माहात्म्यं महत्त्वं च ...
This is an essay on My Village in Sanskrit. मम ग्रामः इति विषये संस्कृते निबन्धः। संस्कृत में मेरा गाँव पर निबंध। English and Hindi translation are given for better understanding. ...
ग्रामीण जीवन संस्कृत निबंध। Essay on village in sanskrit : भारतवर्षः ...
Sanskrit Essay on My Village | मेरा गाँव पर निबंध संस्कृत में | Mera Gaon Par Nibandh Sanskrit Mein ...
This post contains Essay on My Village in Sanskrit with translation in English and Hindi. This can be referenced by Sanskrit students or anyone interested in learning and writing basic Sanskrit sentences. Learn More ⇒
Affiliation: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit / Department of Sanskrit Sahitya. This essay is an English study on the Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence from the 16th century. ... In the early days each village was administrated by the society. It had been called by various names such as emergency council, society and ...
#meragaonperanskritnibandh#10lineessayonmyvillageinsanskrit#mammgrammhpernibandhsanskiritmein
This chapter is a linguistic anthropological study of interrelated aspects of the Sanskrit revival project. It presents research from 1-month of fieldwork in Jhirī, MP, India. This village is known as as 'Sanskrit-speaking' village. It is central to the myth of Sanskrit's revival amongst the rural masses.
Birds are flying in the sky. There are many houses in the village. The houses are of various colours. There is a small hospital in the village. An ambulance is there near the hospital. There are two roads in the village - one big and one small. A man on the small road is going towards his farm. Nearby, a man is carrying fruits.
Essay on my village in Sanskrit, 5 line on my village in Sanskrit, 5 sentences about my village in Sanskrit, few line on my village in Sanskrit, mam gram ka nibandh, mam gram mein nibandh, essay in Sanskrit. Sanskrit mein vidyalaya ka nibandh 10 line, 10 line on my village in Sanskrit . 👉 Essay on my village in Sanskrit👈. अस्माकं ग्रामः अतीव ...
This chapter is a linguistic anthropological study of interrelated aspects of the Sanskrit revival project. It presents research from 1-month of fieldwork in Jhirī, MP, India. This village is known as as 'Sanskrit-speaking' village. It is central to the myth of Sanskrit's revival amongst the rural masses. Referencing details: - McCartney, P ...
यदि आप भी अस्माकं ग्रामः पर संस्कृत में निबंध लिखना और पढ़ना सीखना चाहते हैं तो आप बिल्कुल सही जगह पर आए हैं। क्योंकि इस लेख में आपको Sanskrit Essay on My
Essay on My Village. अस्माकम् गृहम् | My Home/House Essay in Sanskrit अस्माकम् गृहम् रेलवे रोड' इति प्रसिद्ध राजमागें स्थितम् अस्ति ।। सुरम्यम् इदम् स्थानम् सिटी ...
Village Life Essay in Sanskrit Language : Today, we are providing ग्राम्यजीवनम् संस्कृत निबंध For class 5, 6, 7, 8 ...
Categories sanskrit notes Tags 10 lines on my village in sanskrit, essay on my village in sanskrit for class 8, gaon par lekh sanskrit mein, mam gram par nibandh sanskrit mein, my village essay in sanskrit, village essay in sanskrit, ग्रामीण जीवन निबंध in sanskrit
Sanskrit language, (from Sanskrit saṃskṛta, "adorned, cultivated, purified"), an Old Indo-Aryan language in which the most ancient documents are the Vedas, composed in what is called Vedic Sanskrit.Although Vedic documents represent the dialects then found in the northern midlands of the Indian subcontinent and areas immediately east thereof, the very earliest texts—including the ...
Essay name: Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence. Author: P. V. Rajee Affiliation: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit / Department of Sanskrit Sahitya. This essay is an English study on the Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence from the 16th century. It covers aspects of such as individual legal procedures and societal ...
Essay on My Country India. The name of our country is Bharat. Hindustan and India are two of its other names. Bharat is a very big country. The peaks of the Himalayas lie to the north of Bharat. In the west, the Thar Desert is located. There are many forests in the east. There are seas to all three directions of Bharat.
5 sentence on my village in sanskrit | मेरे गांव पर 5 वाक्य संस्कृत में हिन्दी अनुवाद सहितHello Students,My name ...
Affiliation: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit / Department of Sanskrit Sahitya. This essay is an English study on the Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence from the 16th century. It covers aspects of such as individual legal procedures and societal welfare, thus reflecting the judiciary principles of ancient ancient Indian ...
500+ Words Essay On My Village. My Village Essay- My village is a place that I like to visit in my holidays or whenever I feel tired and want to relax. A village is a place that is far away from the pollution and noise of the city. Also, you feel a connection with the soil in a village. Moreover, there are trees, a variety of crops, diversity ...
Toggle navigationspan> pan class="icon-bar">span> pan class="icon-bar">
In the east, there is the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea lies to the west. Many holy rivers flow through Bharat, like the Ganga, the Yamuna, etc. The nature of Bharat is also quite beautiful. The principle of 'Unity in DIversity' can be experienced in the linguistic, clothing and religious cultures of India.