Journal of Experimental Psychology
American Teacher Science News | Mother Jones National Review New Republic | Time Newsweek People | StarTribune New York Times | | Original research | Current trends, professional news, company information | Social & political commentary & analysis, political viewpoints | Entertainment, current events, hot topics, popular culture | Current news, local & regional information, classified ads |
| Academic, technical | Written for practitioners. Can use jargon extensively | Most written for a generally educated audience | Non-technical language | Non-technical, written for a general audience |
| Researchers, academics, professors, scholars | Professionals in the field or journalists with subject expertise | Variable: academics, journalists, spokespersons for "groups" | Mainly journalists, occasionally freelance journalists | Journalists |
| Footnotes, bibliographies. Often extensive documentation | Occasional brief bibliographies. Some sources cited in text | Occasionally cite sources in text or bibliographies | Rarely cite any sources | Rarely cite sources in full |
| Universities, scholarly presses, or academic/ research organizations | Commercial publishers or professional/ trade associations | Commercial publishers or non-profit organizations | Commercial publishers | Commercial publishers |
| Graphs, charts, formulas, depending on discipline. No glossy ads | Photographs, charts, tables, illustrations. Some ads for products related to the field | Wide variety of graphics, from plain to glossy ads | Very glossy. Full of color ads | Pictures, charts, ads of all sorts |
| Some from general indexes like MegaFile, some in specialized indexes like PsychInfo | Indexes like Business Source Premier. sometimes also in general scholarly indexes like Academic Search Premier | General indexes like MegaFile, Academic Search Premier | General indexes like MegaFile, Academic Search Premier | In indexes like Newspapers. Some major papers in general indexes |
Adapted with permission from G. Gradowski, who kindly provided an update of the chart from Gradowski, G., Snavely, L., & Dempsey, P. (1998) Designs for active learning: A sourcebook of classroom strategies for information education . Chicago: ACRL.
As you search in the databases, you'll see that some of them bring back results by article type, or they will give you the option to sort by article type. This can be a huge time-saver. If you can eliminate articles that won't be acceptable for your assignments, use the tools to do that.
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When you write for an academic audience, you are responsible for making sure that any information you provide and any ideas you cite come from sources that are both reliable and appropriate for your assignment. The most reliable sources are those that have been vetted by scholars in the field—articles published in peer-reviewed journals and ...
Some tips for getting from this beginning research to finding "good" sources include the following. Make a list of research terms you can use when searching in the library or even online. Start with your core list, but also add other keywords and phrases that you notice as you research. Also, when you find a good source, look to see if it ...
The following tips will help you tell a good source from one that's biased, outdated, or inaccurate: 1. Check the domain name. Look at the three letters at the end of the site's domain name, such as "edu" (educational), "gov" (government), "org" (nonprofit), and "com" (commercial). Generally, .edu and .gov websites are ...
The Big 5 Criteria can help you evaluate your sources for credibility: Currency: Check the publication date and determine whether it is sufficiently current for your topic. Coverage (relevance): Consider whether the source is relevant to your research and whether it covers the topic adequately for your needs. Authority: Discover the credentials ...
Harvard Guide to Using Sources Harvard College Writing Program One Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 3 sources they cite in the post, and what the purpose of the post is before you assume it is a reliable source for your paper. While some online content creators do rigorous research, many do not. How current is the source?
Before integrating research into your paper, follow these guidelines to select the best sources and evidence from those sources to support the ideas in your paper. Selecting an Appropriate Source . It is common in academic research to see sources grouped into three main categories: Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources. The ...
Fact: The Purdue OWL was launched in 1994. Opinion: The Purdue OWL is the best website for writing help. Propaganda: Some students have gone on to lives of crime after using sites that compete with the Purdue OWL. The Purdue OWL is clearly the only safe choice for student writers. The last example above uses facts in a bad-faith way to take ...
Revised on May 9, 2024. A credible source is free from bias and backed up with evidence. It is written by a trustworthy author or organization. There are a lot of sources out there, and it can be hard to tell what's credible and what isn't at first glance. Evaluating source credibility is an important information literacy skill.
Lateral reading is the act of evaluating the credibility of a source by comparing it to other sources. This allows you to: Verify evidence. Contextualize information. Find potential weaknesses. If a source is using methods or drawing conclusions that are incompatible with other research in its field, it may not be reliable. Example: Lateral ...
Choosing & Using Sources presents a process for academic research and writing, from formulating your research question to selecting good information and using it effectively in your research assignments. Additional chapters cover understanding types of sources, searching for information, and avoiding plagiarism. Each chapter includes self-quizzes and activities to reinforce core concepts and ...
2. Cross Wikipedia off. Wikipedia, although it's a massive pool of information, should always be avoided when writing a research paper since it allows the public to edit information. Sites such as these often run the risk of lacking accuracy, and is not one of the most credible sources for research. 3.
The research question is critical since all of the content of the research essay follows from the question. Primary and Secondary Sources. A primary source is where the author is presenting his or her own information either based on professional knowledge or research. This is the best type of source to use when conducting research.
Work Your Sources into Your Research Writing. Working your sources into your writing is a very important part of the writing process and gets easier over time. You must also decide whether you will quote, paraphrase, or summarize the material when incorporating resources into your writing. Academic integrity encompasses the practice of engaging ...
Research papers are similar to academic essays, but they are usually longer and more detailed assignments, designed to assess not only your writing skills but also your skills in scholarly research. Writing a research paper requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of your topic, engage with a variety of sources, and make an original ...
Potentially appropriate: books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works. Another potential source that you might use when writing a research paper is a book, encyclopedia, or an official online source (such as demographic data drawn from a government website). When relying on such sources, it is important to carefully consider its accuracy and ...
Step 4: Organizing Research and the Writer's Ideas. When your research is complete, you will organize your findings and decide which sources to cite in your paper. You will also have an opportunity to evaluate the evidence you have collected and determine whether it supports your thesis, or the focus of your paper.
The second task that you must complete before writing is to develop a clear research paper topic. Before starting your research, have a precisely defined idea of what topic you want to investigate. Having a clear direction for your paper helps you focus your efforts and ensures you are gathering relevant information.
Put simply, a primary source in the sciences would be the original research, data, or material that forms the basis for other research. For example, the first time research about a new scientific discovery is published would be the primary source. A paper that analyzes or interprets the original research would be a secondary source.
Research databases. You can search for scholarly sources online using databases and search engines like Google Scholar. These provide a range of search functions that can help you to find the most relevant sources. If you are searching for a specific article or book, include the title or the author's name. Alternatively, if you're just ...
Creating Writing Strategies including clustering ideas, drawing diagrams, and planning a "road map" will help you visualize the stages that you need to map out to build a strong paper. Research papers always start with disparate ideas, indiscriminate notions, and false starts. This process is necessary to think through your strategy.
Important guidelines. When integrating a source into your paper, remember to use these three important components: Introductory phrase to the source material: mention the author, date, or any other relevant information when introducing a quote or paraphrase. Source material: a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary with proper citation.
This chart provides descriptions of various types of periodicals and journals. For graduate research, you'll want to focus primarily on scholarly/peer-reviewed articles. Being able to recognize alternate forms of articles is an important aspect of the research process. Types of Publications. Written for practitioners.
"Writing" is usually understood as the expression of thought. This book redefines "writing" as the thought process itself. Writing is not what you do with thought. Writing is thinking. Better living through interpretation: that's the promise of academic writing, which is a foundational course in most schools because it's a