jim crow laws essay thesis

Intro Essay: The Lost Promise of Reconstruction

To what extent did founding principles of liberty, equality, and justice become a reality for african americans from reconstruction to the end of the nineteenth century.

• I can explain how the Reconstruction Amendments and federal laws sought to protect the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
• I can identify examples of Jim Crow laws and explain how these laws undermined the rights of African Americans.
• I can explain how violence and intimidation were used to threaten African Americans from exercising their political and civil rights.
• I can analyze Reconstruction’s effectiveness in ensuring the faithful application of Founding principles of liberty, equality, and justice to African Americans.
• I can explain the various ways that African American leaders and intellectuals supported their communities and worked to end segregation and racism.

Essential Vocabulary

The Lost Promise of Reconstruction and Rise of Jim Crow, 1860-1896

After more than two centuries, race-based chattel slavery was abolished during the Civil War. The long struggle for emancipation finally ended thanks to constitutional reform and the joint efforts of Black and white Americans fighting for Black freedom. The next 30 years, however, were a constant struggle to preserve the freedom achieved through emancipation and to ensure for Blacks the equality and justice of U.S. citizens in the face of opposition, violence, and various forms of discrimination.

The Civil War created conditions for the demise of slavery. Early in the war, Congress passed two Confiscation Acts that allowed the federal government to seize and later free enslaved persons in conquered Confederate territory. On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln used his wartime executive powers to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Enslaved persons ran away from their owners and joined free Blacks enlisting in the Union Army to fight for freedom and human equality. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment was the most famous Black unit to fight in the war, but almost 200,000 Black soldiers fought for the Union. Black abolitionists joined the cause, with Harriet Tubman joining Union raids that helped liberate enslaved persons and Frederick Douglass recruiting Black troops. By the end of 1865, the requisite number of states had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment to confirm the end of slavery.

Slavery may have been banned, but Black Americans faced an uncertain future during the process of restoring the Union, called Reconstruction . The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected basic rights of citizenship, and the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) provided for Black U.S. citizenship and equal protection under the law. Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau as a federal agency in order to give practical help to freed people in the form of immediate aid and economic and educational opportunities. The efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau to grant Blacks confiscated land and open Black schools in the South were frustrated by President Andrew Johnson’s vetoes of the Bureau bill and by the opposition of white supremacists.

Storming Fort Wagner by Kurz & Allison, 1890

This print shows soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment attacking the walls of Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina. The Massachusetts 54th was one of the first African American Union regiments formed in the Civil War. The regiment fought valiantly during the attack on Fort Wagner while suffering nearly 40 percent casualties. The bravery and sacrifice of the 54th became one of the most famous and inspirational parts of the Civil War.

Johnson succeeded Lincoln, and while he supported the restoration of the national union, he impeded the protection of equal rights for Black Americans. He vetoed numerous laws intended to promote Black equality, including the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the extension of the Freedmen’s Bureau, the Reconstruction Acts, and the Tenure of Office Act, among several others. While Congress overrode most of his vetoes, Johnson proved himself a consistent opponent of Black rights. In his third annual message in December 1867, he asserted, “Negroes have shown less capacity for government than any other race of people. No independent government of any form has ever been successful in their hands.” When he fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton for resisting his policies, Congress impeached President Johnson, but the vote to remove him from office failed by one vote.

Initial protections for Blacks were also weakened by restrictions and opposition to equal civil rights. The new constitutions of former Confederate states did not protect Black citizenship or suffrage. Indeed, the states passed Black Codes that severely curtailed the legal and economic rights of Black citizens. Moreover, the codes penalized Blacks unfairly for committing the same crimes as whites.

The Union As It Was by Thomas Nast, 1874

Klan violence was documented in the press. “The Union as It Was,” an 1874 Harper’s Weekly cartoon by Thomas Nast, shows a Klan member and a White League member shaking hands over an African American family huddled together in fear. A schoolhouse burns and a man is lynched in the background.

Black Americans were also the victims of horrific violence perpetrated by white mobs and local authorities. White supremacists killed thousands of Blacks to intimidate them, prevent them from voting, and stop them from exercising their rights. The Ku Klux Klan and other groups such as the White League were organized to terrorize Blacks and keep them in a constant state of fear. The Colfax Massacre of 1873 and mass killings in places like Memphis and New Orleans were only a few examples of the wave of violence Black Americans suffered. Black and white leaders wrote to state and national officials about the violence in their communities. Congress, with the support of President Ulysses S. Grant, passed several acts aimed at protecting freed people from politically motivated violence. Such enforcement legislation was quickly challenged in the courts, and the withdrawal of all federal troops from the South in 1876 effectively ended federal intervention on behalf of the rights of freed people.

The first Black senator and representatives – in the 41st and 42nd Congress of the United States by Currier and Ives, 1872

This 1872 lithograph by Currier and Ives depicts several of the African American men who served in Congress.

Left to right: Senator Hiram Revels (MS), Representatives Benjamin Turner (AL), Robert DeLarge (SC), Josiah Walls (FL), Jefferson Long (GA), Joseph Rainey (SC), and Robert Elliott (SC).

In 1870, the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment protected the right of Black male suffrage when it banned states from denying voting rights on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Despite violence and intimidation, Blacks exercised their right to vote and served in local offices, state legislatures, and Congress. During Reconstruction, 14 African Americans served in the House of Representatives and 2 in the Senate. Nine of these leaders had been born enslaved. Local governments, however, increasingly found ways to subvert the exercise of the constitutional right to vote. Grandfather clauses , poll taxes , and literacy tests were applied to prevent Blacks from voting.

Many southern Blacks were farmers who lived under the crushing economic burdens of the sharecropping system, which forced them into a state of peonage in which they had little control over their economic destinies. In this system, white landowners rented land, tools, seed, livestock, and housing to laborers in exchange for a significant portion of the crop. As a result, Blacks barely earned a living and suffered perpetual debt that limited their economic prospects for the future.

In the later decades of the nineteenth century, Blacks also lived under confining social constraints that effectively made them second-class citizens. Segregation laws legally separated the races in public facilities, including trains, schools, churches, and hotels. These “ Jim Crow ” laws humiliated Blacks with a public badge of inferiority. Black members of Congress Robert B. Elliott and James T. Rapier made eloquent speeches in support of legislation to protect African Americans’ civil rights. Congress passed a Civil Rights Act in 1875 that protected equal access to public facilities, but the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), arguing that while states could not engage in discriminatory actions, the law incorrectly tried to regulate private acts. Frederick Douglass called the decision an “utter and flagrant disregard of the objects and intentions of the National legislature by which it was enacted, and of the rights plainly secured by the Constitution.” In 1896, however, the Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregation laws were constitutional if local and state governments provided Blacks with “separate but equal” facilities. Separate was never equal, particularly in the eyes of Black Americans.

Watch this BRI Homework Help video for a review of the Plessy v. Ferguson case.

Blacks endured escalating violence in the Jim Crow era of the 1890s. White mobs of the time lynched more than 100 Blacks a year. Lynching was summary execution by angry mobs in which the victim was tortured and killed and the body mutilated. Ida B. Wells was a courageous Black journalist who cataloged the horrors of almost 250 lynchings in two pamphlets, A Red Record: Lynchings in the United States and Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases . Despite her efforts, lynching of Black Americans continued into the twentieth century.

The shackle broken by the genius of freedom by E. Sachse & Co., 1874

This 1874 lithograph, “The shackle broken by the genius of freedom,” memorialized Congressional representative Robert B. Elliott’s famous speech in favor of the 1875 Civil Rights Act. Elliott is shown in the center of the image, while the banner at the top contains a quotation from his speech: “What you give to one class you must give to all. What you deny to one you deny to all.”

Black leaders and intellectuals like Wells, Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois advocated for education as the means to achieve advancement and equality. Black newspapers and citizens’ groups supported their communities and fought back against segregation and racism. Though their strategies differed, their goal was the same: a fuller realization of the Founding principles of equality and justice for all.

W. E. B. Du Bois summed up the Black experience after the Civil War when he stated, “The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; and then moved back again toward slavery.” Du Bois points to the fact that whatever constitutional amendments were intended to protect the natural and civil rights of Blacks, and however determined Blacks were to fight to preserve those rights, they struggled to overcome the numerous legal, political, economic, and social obstacles that white supremacists erected to keep them in a subordinate position. Slavery had distorted republicanism and American ideals before the Civil War, and segregation continued to undermine republican government and equal rights after the conflict had ended.

Black leaders such as Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois worked for Black rights in a variety of ways.

Reading Comprehension Questions

• How did the Reconstruction Amendments and federal laws protect the natural and civil rights of African Americans during the Civil War and Reconstruction?
• Despite constitutional and legal protections, how were Blacks’ constitutional rights restricted during Reconstruction?
• Reflecting on Reconstruction, W. E. B. Du Bois stated: “The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; and then moved back again toward slavery.” In what ways do you think this conclusion was accurate? In what ways might have Du Bois been wrong?

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Essays on Jim Crow Laws

What makes a good jim crow laws essay topics.

When it comes to writing an essay on Jim Crow Laws, choosing the right topic is crucial. A good essay topic should be thought-provoking, relevant, and engaging. To brainstorm and choose an essay topic, consider the historical significance of the Jim Crow Laws, the impact on society, and the relevance to current events. Additionally, think about the specific aspect of the Jim Crow Laws that you find interesting and want to explore further. A good essay topic should also be specific enough to allow for in-depth analysis and research, but broad enough to provide room for discussion and interpretation. Ultimately, a good essay topic should spark interest and curiosity in the reader, and offer a fresh perspective on the subject matter.

Best Jim Crow Laws Essay Topics

• The role of music in the fight against Jim Crow Laws
• The impact of the Jim Crow Laws on education
• The portrayal of Jim Crow Laws in literature and media
• The intersection of gender and race under Jim Crow Laws
• The influence of the Jim Crow Laws on the civil rights movement
• The economic implications of the Jim Crow Laws
• The legacy of the Jim Crow Laws in today's society
• The psychological effects of living under Jim Crow Laws
• The resistance and resilience of individuals under Jim Crow Laws
• The role of religion in justifying the Jim Crow Laws
• The global impact of the Jim Crow Laws
• The parallels between the Jim Crow Laws and modern-day discrimination
• The role of the Supreme Court in challenging the Jim Crow Laws
• The impact of Jim Crow Laws on healthcare and public health
• The representation of Jim Crow Laws in visual arts
• The cultural impact of Jim Crow Laws on African American communities
• The role of grassroots activism in challenging the Jim Crow Laws
• The intersection of class and race under Jim Crow Laws
• The influence of Jim Crow Laws on voting rights and political participation
• The role of white allies in the fight against Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws essay topics Prompts

• Imagine you are a musician during the Jim Crow era. How would you use your platform to challenge the racial segregation and discrimination imposed by the Jim Crow Laws?
• Write a letter to a young student living under the Jim Crow Laws, offering advice and guidance on navigating the challenges and injustices they face.
• Create a visual art piece that captures the essence of resistance and resilience in the face of the Jim Crow Laws.
• Imagine you are a journalist reporting on the impact of the Jim Crow Laws. What stories would you tell and how would you use your platform to advocate for change?
• Write a short story from the perspective of an individual living under the Jim Crow Laws, highlighting the everyday struggles and moments of defiance in the face of oppression.

Jim Crow Laws

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The History and Development of Jim Crow Laws in America

Discrimination of african americans: jim crow's laws, the effects of the jim crow laws on the lives of americans from the north and the south, all people are equal: how equality is achieved in modern america, let us write you an essay from scratch.

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Analysis of "The New Jim Crow" by Michelle Alexander

Segregation in schools: crumbling jim crow law, jim crow - a symbol for racial oppression of african americans, race issue in the united states from civil rights movement, the pernicious legacy of jim crow laws, relevant topics.

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51 Jim Crow Laws Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best jim crow laws topic ideas & essay examples, 🔍 good essay topics on jim crow laws, 💡 interesting topics to write about jim crow laws.

• Alexander’s Overall Thesis From the New Jim Crow The goal is to ensure that they do not participate in determining the political leadership of the country. As members of the jury, they can help to explain events that led to the suspect acting […]
• Law History From Jim Crow to Civil Rights Movement It was not until the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.that the problems of law enforcement in the South was truly recognized and reforms started designed to reduce the influence of political agendas on the […]
• Jim Crow Policy and Black Power Movement Cole and Ring claim that “the story of race as it was lived in the Jim Crow era was in part a matter of place and of time and the United States was not all […]
• Jim Crow Laws for African Americans in the South Monroe remembered the time when a famous black musician was unable to sleep in one of the hotels in downtown Alabama because colored people were not allowed to avail of the said accommodation.
• Jim Crow Laws in the Reconstruction Era However, there is consensus among many of them that the genesis of Jim Crow laws was during the reconstruction period and they formally ended in the 1965 with the Supreme Court declarations that segregation was […]
• The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness According to Alexander, most of the individuals in the United States of America who are colored are devastated and targeted by the system of justice of the United States of America.
• Institutionalized Racism From John Brown Raid to Jim Crow Laws This paper provides a historical account of institutionalized racism in the United States from the 1850s through the civil war up to the repeal of Jim Crow laws.
• Lynching, Segregation, and Jim Crow Laws It is defined as “any act of violence inflicted by a mob upon the body of another person which results in the death of the person”.
• Jim Crow Laws and Their Effect on the Black American Community The aftermath of the Civil War was characterized by many white southern inhabitants quickly moving in to try and eliminate the new found freedom of the African American community.
• Black Codes, Jim Crow, and Segregation Impact on African Americans in the US Slavery had various social, economic cultural and political implications for both the African Americans and the Whites after the civil war and in as much as it was officially abolished by the Lincoln administration, the […]
• Jim Crow Laws: The Rules of a New System
• Impact of the Jim Crow Laws on Today’s America
• Jim Crow Laws Contribution to the African Americans Alienation and Isolation
• Linking Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
• Comparison of the South African Apartheid System and America’s Jim Crow Laws
• The Parallels Between the Holocaust and Jim Crow Laws
• How Jim Crow Laws Became Something Controversial
• The Relations Between African American and Jim Crow Laws
• How Jim Crow Laws Increased the Power of White Americans
• Institutionalized Racism: From John Brown Raid to Jim Crow Laws
• Jim Crow Laws Effect on the Lives of Black Americans
• How Supreme Court and Jim Crow Laws Affected Black Americans Life
• The Problem of Jim Crow Laws and Discrimination Against Blacks
• The Link Between Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation
• How the Jim Crow Laws Hindered the Education of African-American Students
• Jim Crow Laws: Main Problems for Black Americans in the 1920-1930s
• Racial Segregation During the Era of Jim Crow Laws
• Reasons Why the Jim Crow Laws Should Not Have Been Passed
• Linking Reconstruction and the Jim Crow Laws
• The Relationships Between Slavery and Jim Crow Laws
• The Denomination of the Jim Crow Laws
• The Great Migration, Jim Crow Laws and Discrimination Against African Americans
• The History and Development of Jim Crow Laws in America
• The Role of Jim Crow Laws in Segregation in Schools
• The Correlation Between the Jim Crow Laws and the Civil War
• The Jim Crow Laws Changed American Society
• The Life of African Americans Under the Jim Crow Laws
• The Jim Crow Laws Has a Serious Influence on the United States
• The Link Between White Supremacy and the Jim Crow Laws
• The Jim Crow Laws Enhanced the Institution of Racism
• Why the Jim Crow Laws Existed
• The Jim Crow Laws Have Negatively Affected the African American
• Why the Jim Crow Laws Came About
• The Jim Crow Laws: Legalizing Discrimination
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Jim Crow Laws - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

The Jim Crow laws were a series of state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against black people from the late 1800s to the mid-1960s. These laws mandated separate public facilities and services for black and white individuals, including schools, public transportation, bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, and more. Black people were also denied access to the same employment opportunities and were subject to unequal treatment in the justice system. The name “Jim Crow” comes from a blackface minstrel show character that was used to stereotype and mock African Americans. These laws were one of the most egregious examples of systemic racism in American history and were finally abolished by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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• The History and Development of Jim Crow Laws in America
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Jim Crow Laws - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enacted in the United States between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the early Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s, enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Essays on this topic might discuss the origins, enforcement, and impacts of Jim Crow Laws on African American communities. Additionally, discussions might cover resistance to these laws, their eventual dismantlement, or their long-term effects on racial inequality. Comparative analyses with other instances of institutional racism or explorations of how Jim Crow has been remembered and represented in American culture and education could provide a well-rounded understanding of this historical era. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to Jim Crow Laws you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Brief History of Jim Crow Laws

13th Amendment: The amendments that were involved and brought into the Plessy v. Ferguson case included the 13th and 14th amendments. The 13th amendment was ratified on December 6th, 1865. It established the abolishment of slavery in the U.S. However, discrimination by color basically violates this amendment according to the statements made by many citizens. Even though slavery no longer existed as a result of the 13th amendment, segregation still occurred and lived. Segregation was considered equivalent to having no […]

Brown Vs. the Board of Education

The case of Brown versus the Board of Education was one of the biggest turning points in African American history, as it was the match that lit the fire under the Civil Rights Movement. The case was the start of a dramatic change, not only for African Americans, but for the rest of the world. This case had a large impact on many other similar cases as well. In the 1950's public facilities, buildings, events, even water fountains, were segregated. […]

Progressive Era and Booker T. Washington

The period consisting of social, government, and industry evaluation, reform and awareness was labeled as the Progressive Era. The Progressive Era was the first great age of twentieth century social reform that took place in the time period between the 1880’s and 1910’s. There was a national sense that reform was necessary because of the new understanding for justice in the country and America wanted to create new guidelines to reflect that. The events and change that occurred during this […]

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Jules Tygiel, Baseball’s Great Experiment

Jules Tygiel is a professor of history at San Francisco State University. It is not surprising that Tygiel approaches the subject of baseball in his text Baseball’s Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy from an historical standpoint, considering not only the history of the sport itself but also its profound influence upon the history of the United States. Since its publication in 1983, it has received praise for being the most important as well as the most celebrated book […]

The Legacy of Slavery

Slavery is when one person owning another person. The effects that slavery has had on the nation is something many people still struggle to understand. A recent article by Rochelle Riley for USA Today describes slavery as America's open wound, the painful injury that a third of America lives with and the rest of the country attempts to ignore because, for them, it is an ancient scar and, well, hasn't it healed by now? Slavery has left a very noticeable […]

Brown V. Board of Education: Dismantling ‘Separate but Equal

Imagine having an African American child walk miles just to arrive at their school - no it is not because there is no closer school - it is because the child has been deemed unfit to attend the closest school; it is a whites-only school. This was the scenario that initiated the court case Brown v. Board of Education that was disputed between 1952-1954. During this time, many of the school systems in the south shared the same opinions on […]

American Civil Rights Movement

The 1950s was a decade characterized by the civil rights movement and its fight for inclusion within society. As the new decade started, segregation under the legal system was still considered constitutional. In 1954, segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court based on their ruling on the Brown v. Board of Education case. The Supreme Court's decision was declared the law of the land, yet they had a lack of ability to enforce it. It was up to society […]

The Supreme Court Case of Plessy V. Ferguson and the Racial Segregation Controversy

Abstract In 1890 the state of Louisiana passed a law requiring separate railway cars for African-Americans and Caucasians. Homer Plessy, who is one eighths African-American, refused to sit in the “blacks only” car and was arrested in 1892. He then filed a petition claiming that he was wrongfully arrested, and that his fourteenth amendment rights were violated. After the case was taken to the Supreme Court, the majority opinion declared that the state law is within constitutional boundaries, and because […]

The Remarkable History of Black Achievements

Society has obtained an exclusive system of flawed trends towards African Americans. The black community has been held captive by the arbitrary regulations of White America. In primary schools there is not much content in textbooks about African American achievements. Many lessons are often learned in silence, but it doesn’t have to remain this way. Although it is important to learn about the adversity of the Black race, it is equally if not more important to learn about the limitless […]

United States Supreme Court

Known to be one of the greatest and most influential Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, Brown v. Board of Education became a vital element for the civil rights movement. In their decision, the court unanimously held that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was violated by racial segregation of children in public schools. Racial equality became largely debated because of this, and therefore inspired the American civil rights movement. Throughout the case, the saying “separate but […]

The History of Racism

Have you ever wondered why the world must be this way? Why does racism have to exist? Why something so little as skin color can dictate how you feel about somebody? It’s mind-boggling that racism has been a problem dating back to the 17th century and is still one the most controversial topics in today’s society. Some people may think that racism ended once slavery was abolished, but that was not the case. Hate crimes against ethnic minorities are on […]

Segregation and Civil Rights

Throughout 1950 to the 1960s there was a lot of racial tensions regarding people who were not white. Segregation was a huge part of this including bathrooms, water fountains, transportation, and education. African American people were still being mistreated, performing the same type of labor as the slavery times, except with little payment. Laws were put in place, such as the Jim Crow laws. These laws were a collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation (“Jim Crow […]

Martin Luther King Jr and Racial Segregation

Martin Luther King Jr was an American hero who used peace and love to fight against racial segregation. King is best known for his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech and for being an inspirational leader in the Civil Rights movement (Teitelbaum). King lead thousands of people through many peaceful boycotts, marches and protests in the fight for equality (Martin). King was born Janurary 15, 1929 to his mother Alberta King and his father Martin Luther King Sr. King grew […]

How Slavery and Segregation Affect America Today

During the 16th-19th century, The Trans-Atlantic Slave trade brought millions of enslaved people from Western and Central Africa to North America. It is key to note that these people were brought unwillingly and forced to do extremely gruesome tasks as if they were sub-human. After slavery was around in the United States for about 250 years, it was ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. However, freed slaves and their families were still prohibited from certain rights and freedoms during segregation. Slavery […]

Impact of the Civil Rights Laws

The Civil Rights Movement continues to impact society today, this has inspired and impacted the lives of many. Humanities is by definition, “the study of how people process and document the human experience”. From the beginning of time, the human race has used philosophy, literature art, music, and history to make record of the world as a whole. Culture is a a very important part of our society as a whole, it is by definition the characteristics and knowledge of […]

Racial Profiling: a Defense Mechanism or Blunt Racism?

Dating as far back during the Reconstruction time period, Jim Crow Era, up until now, racial profiling has been a highly debated issue. Racial Profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. Cases such as Rodney King, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, and along with many other African Americans males who were killed, beaten, or harassed by white male police officers sparked […]

Civil Rights (1954-1968): did America “Invent Racism”?

America did not invent racism, but its combination of democratic ideals and a diverse population made race relations more combustible in the United States than anywhere else in the world. While civil rights movements of the past have attempted to address these relations throughout American history, my goal is to analyze the way that violence, and consequently non-violence, were chiefly used to achieve means of stability and acceptance in the Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968. In my essay […]

Equality for All: Struggles & Triumphs, 1880-1920

Living in the time period from 1880 to 1920 was quite hard especially as an African American. It was a time of racial inequality and hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. Segregation was very popular at the time and even after the African Americans had been free from slavery and were allowed an education, many whites did not agree with this logic at all. With the northern troops gone after the reconstruction of the South, the white southerners […]

The Segregation of Schools in the United States

The segregation of schools in the United States of America following the Civil Rights Movement was a branch of the Jim Crow laws, which upheld the belief that establishments being segregated did not necessarily mean they were unequal. The Jim Crow laws were derived from the Plessy v. Ferguson case, which reached the Supreme Court in 1896. The Supreme Court decided that segregation was not a violation of the constitution, so long as every establishment was equal. However, the fight […]

Black Codes and Southern Legislation in 20th Century Effect on African Americans

The history of African Americans was filled with constant fighting for independence and rights that truly belonged to African American citizens. Starting at the beginning of the reconstruction era, you can see the spark in change for the treatment towards African American citizens and the fight for what John Locke would say is their Natural Rights. African Americans have gone through many challenges that denied them of many opportunities. The biggest example that African Americans faced would be the creation […]

What is the Civil Rights Movement?

movement was a struggle by African americans in the mid 1950’ to late 1960’s to achieve equal civil rights to those of non color. Those rights included; equal opportunity in employment housing and education, the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial Discrimination. The Civil Rights Movement was an important time during the 1950’s and 1960’s that helps eliminated segregation and gain equal rights for all African American […]

Influence of Racial Discrimination and Stereotyping

Racial Discrimination and Stereotyping affects Immigrants, Students, and Adults Racial discrimination and stereotyping has been a stumbling block the United States has faced for decades. Many men, women, and children's daily lives are being impacted due to the color of their skin. Schools and workplaces often stereotype those of color, which negatively affects one's morale and future. Millions of men and women have immigrated to the United States over the past three centuries to have freedom and prosper but discrimination […]

Cytotoxic Activity of Aloin

Abstract In the present study, the cytotoxic activity of aloin, a natural anthraquinone glycoside, was assessed against a breast cancer cell line (T47D) using MTT and clonogenic assays, compared to doxorubicin, an anthracycline analog. The effects of exposure of T47D tumor cells to IC50 values of aloin and doxorubicin (181.5 and 0.17µM, respectively) for 72 h on the mRNA expression levels of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (JAK-2), a transcription factor (STAT-5a) and some biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. […]

Self Help is all we Need?

Who can we turn to if we don't believe in anyone? This was the prevailing mindset amongst African Americans during the Jim Crow era and post-reconstruction period. Even though the Civil War was over and African Americans were technically free, the situation was far from straightforward. Despite the fact that African Americans were no longer legally enslaved, many continued to live under challenging conditions, with few opportunities beyond sharecropping- work that was strikingly similar to the labor performed by slaves. […]

History: Institutional Affiliation in the United States

Introduction The Civil War culminated in substantial gains for the African American community in the United States because the then President Abraham Lincoln boldly pronounced that all people in the country were equal in the eyes of man and God. This assertion was made to integrate the black community into the mainstream American society after years of slavery and servitude. This proclamation was not received well especially in the Southern States that were dependent on slave labor for their plantations. […]

Granada Hills Charter High School

Knowledge is power and as Malcolm X once said, “Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today.” Today, in the United States everyone has been blessed with the opportunity and the privilege, of learning without the fear of losing it. This has ultimately led to many students -- adolescents and young adults -- to take this free education for granted. In 1954, a monumental year for the landmark Supreme Court […]

Racism Interconnection to Capitalism

Racial unrest has made a ton of social distress all through the pilgrim time frame up to the postmodern time of American history. Institutional restraint and basic bigotry have been the center of social control systems that have kept up mastery over the African American people group and different races considered sub-par compared to white Americans. European Americans, particularly white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, were given uncommon benefits in parts of citizenship, arrive procurement, migration, instruction, and criminal strategy as from the […]

There Will Always be Color Racism is not Dead

Racism is not dead. Equality does not exist. The color of a person's skin still matters. Even in the 21st century, there are flaws within our legal system that has allowed Jim Crow to still exist under a new skin. The United States has used mass incarceration to continually disenfranchise millions of the African American Community. In The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander reasons that the criminal justice system is faulty and with […]

Is the Criminal Justice System Prejudicial?

At first, I thought that it is not. But after doing some research, I was convinced to believe the opposite. Prejudice can be defined as the preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Bias is the prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. To introduce why I have come to believe that the criminal justice system is prejudicial, I want to […]

Breaking the Law Can be Ok

Breaking the law for the benefit of humanity is fine if you break the law to help someone. For instance, Harriet Tubman helped slaves escape to the north after she escaped slavery herself. Or for instance, how Rosa Parks didn’t move from her seat to let a white man sit there and got arrested but help start a whole movement for equal rights. And how Susan B. Anthony marched for not only her equality and the right to vote but […]

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Jim Crow Laws Essays

Race, gender, and social class in 1865–1920, what were the jim crow laws, and how did they impact african americans in the united states, popular essay topics.

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