research methodology phd ppt

• My presentations

Auth with social network:

Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Lecture Notes on Research Methodology

Published by Eileen Garrison Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Lecture Notes on Research Methodology"— Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Research Methodology

Sabine Mendes Lima Moura Issues in Research Methodology PUC – November 2014.

Today Concepts underlying inferential statistics

Richard M. Jacobs, OSA, Ph.D.

Research Methodology Lecture 1.

Chapter 12 Inferential Statistics Gay, Mills, and Airasian

Sample Design.

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning,

Magister of Electrical Engineering Udayana University September 2011

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

RESEARCH A systematic quest for undiscovered truth A way of thinking

Research Methodology.

Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, 9 th edition. Gay, Mills, & Airasian © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Research Seminars in IT in Education (MIT6003) Quantitative Educational Research Design 2 Dr Jacky Pow.

PROCESSING OF DATA The collected data in research is processed and analyzed to come to some conclusions or to verify the hypothesis made. Processing of.

Academic Research Academic Research Dr Kishor Bhanushali M

Question paper 1997.

Chapter 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data

Module III Multivariate Analysis Techniques- Framework, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Conjoint Analysis Research Report.

Chapter 7 Measuring of data Reliability of measuring instruments The reliability* of instrument is the consistency with which it measures the target attribute.

About project

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

PhD Dissertation Defense Slides Design: Start

• Tips for designing the slides
• Presentation checklist
• Example slides
• Additional Resources

Purpose of the Guide

This guide was created to help ph.d. students in engineering fields to design dissertation defense presentations. the guide provides 1) tips on how to effectively communicate research, and 2) full presentation examples from ph.d. graduates. the tips on designing effective slides are not restricted to dissertation defense presentations; they can be used in designing other types of presentations such as conference talks, qualification and proposal exams, and technical seminars., the tips and examples are used to help students to design effective presentation. the technical contents in all examples are subject to copyright, please do not replicate. , if you need help in designing your presentation, please contact julie chen ([email protected]) for individual consultation. .

• Example Slides Repository
• Defense slides examples Link to examples dissertation defense slides.

Useful Links

• CIT Thesis and dissertation standards
• Dissertations and Theses @ Carnegie Mellon This link opens in a new window Covers 1920-present. Full text of some dissertations may be available 1997-present. Citations and abstracts of dissertations and theses CMU graduate students have published through UMI Dissertation Publishing. In addition to citations and abstracts, the service provides free access to 24 page previews and the full text in PDF format, when available. In most cases, this will be works published in 1997 forward.
• Communicate your research data Data visualization is very important in communicating your data effectively. Check out these do's and don'ts for designing figures.

Power Point Template and other Resources

• CEE Powerpoint Slide Presentation Template 1
• CEE Powerpoint Slide Presentation Template 2

Source: CEE Department Resources https://www.cmu.edu/cee/resources/index.html

• CMU Powerpoint Slide Template

Source: CMU Marketing and Communications

https://www.cmu.edu/marcom/brand-standards/downloads/index.html

• Use of CMU logos, marks, and Unitmarks

Email me for questions and schedule an appointment

Top 7 tips for your defense presentation

1. show why your study is important, remember, your audience is your committee members, researchers in other fields, and even the general public. you want to convince all of them why you deserve a ph.d. degree. you need to talk about why your study is important to the world. in the engineering field, you also need to talk about how your study is useful. try to discuss why current practice is problematic or not good enough, what needs to be solved, and what the potential benefits will be. , see how dr. posen and dr. malings explained the importance of their studies..

• Carl Malings Defense Slides with Notes
• I. Daniel Posen Defense Slides with Notes

2. Emphasize YOUR contribution 

Having a ph.d. means that you have made some novel contributions to the grand field. this is about you and your research. you need to keep emphasizing your contributions throughout your presentation. after talking about what needs to be solved, try to focus on emphasizing the novelty of your work. what problems can be solved using your research outcomes what breakthroughs have you made to the field why are your methods and outcomes outstanding you need to incorporate answers to these questions in your presentation. , be clear what your contributions are in the introduction section; separate what was done by others and what was done by you. , 3. connect your projects into a whole piece of work, you might have been doing multiple projects that are not strongly connected. to figure out how to connect them into a whole piece, use visualizations such as flow charts to convince your audience. the two slides below are two examples. in the first slide, which was presented in the introduction section, the presenter used a flow diagram to show the connection between the three projects. in the second slide, the presenter used key figures and a unique color for each project to show the connection..

• Xiaoju Chen Defense Slides with Notes

4. Tell a good story 

The committee members do not necessarily have the same background knowledge as you. plus, there could be researchers from other fields and even the general public in the room. you want to make sure all of your audience can understand as much as possible. focus on the big picture rather than technical details; make sure you use simple language to explain your methods and results. your committee has read your dissertation before your defense, but others have not. , dr. cook and dr. velibeyoglu did a good job explaining their research to everyone. the introduction sessions in their presentations are well designed for this purpose. .

• Laren M. Cook Defense Slides with Notes
• Irem Velibeyoglu Defense with Notes

5. Transition, transition, transition

Use transition slides to connect projects , it's a long presentation with different research projects. you want to use some sort of transition to remind your audience what you have been talking about and what is next. you may use a slide that is designed for this purpose throughout your presentation. , below are two examples. these slides were presented after the introduction section. the presenters used the same slides and highlighted the items for project one to indicate that they were moving on to the first project. throughout the presentation, they used these slides and highlighted different sections to indicate how these projects fit into the whole dissertation. .

You can also use some other indications on your slides, but remember not to make your slides too busy.  Below are two examples. In the first example, the presenter used chapter numbers to indicate what he was talking about. In the second example, the presenter used a progress bar with keywords for each chapter as the indicator. 

Use transition sentences to connect slides 

Remember transition sentences are also important; use them to summarize what you have said and tell your audience what they will expect next. if you keep forgetting the transition sentence, write a note on your presentation. you can either write down a full sentence of what you want to say or some keywords., 6. be brief, put details in backup slides , you won't have time to explain all of the details. if your defense presentation is scheduled for 45 minutes, you can only spend around 10 minutes for each project - that's shorter than a normal research conference presentation focus on the big picture and leave details behind. you can put the details in your backup slides, so you might find them useful when your committee (and other members of the audience) ask questions regarding these details., 7. show your presentation to your advisor and colleagues, make sure to ask your advisor(s) for their comments. they might have a different view on what should be emphasized and what should be elaborated. , you also want to practice at least once in front of your colleagues. they can be your lab mates, people who work in your research group, and/or your friends. they do not have to be experts in your field. ask them to give you some feedback - their comments can be extremely helpful to improve your presentation. , below are some other tips and resources to design your defense presentation. .

• Tips for designing your defense presentation

How important is your presentation, and cookies?

• Next: Tips for designing the slides >>
• Last Updated: Jan 9, 2024 11:18 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.cmu.edu/c.php?g=883178

Research Methodology

Aug 20, 2014

2.77k likes | 6.91k Views

Research Methodology. Introduction to Research Methodology. Stages of Research Project. Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Methodology Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation of Findings Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion. Why do we research?.

Share Presentation

• highest contributor
• human resource managers
• data collection
• better employees job satisfaction
• direct relationship
• adequate solutions

Presentation Transcript

Research Methodology Introduction to Research Methodology

Stages of Research Project • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Literature Review • Chapter 3: Methodology • Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation of Findings • Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion

Why do we research? • To acquire information/knowledge • Research – a particular way of knowing • Emphasis on systematic investigation • Scientific method- collecting observations in a systematic and objective manner • Identify problem • Generate Objectives/hypotheses/RQ • Collect data • Determine whether or not the hypotheses are supported. • Researches that use non-scientific method • Historical, etnography

Types of researches (by purpose) • Basic research (Fundamental Research) • Concerned with fundamental and theoretical questions. • A foundation upon which others can develop applications and solutions • while basic research may not appear to be helpful in the real world, it can direct us toward practical applications in the long run. • E.g. A study on job rotation impact (positive and negative impact) on employees.

Applied research • concerned with finding solutions to practical problems and putting these solutions to work in order to help others • E.g. Action Research on Best Job Rotation practices for Academic Institution

Chap.1: Introduction • Research Introduction and background • Problem statement • Objectives (main & specific objective) • Hypotheses or research questions • Theoretical/conceptual framework (quantitative only) • Variables definition (quantitative only) • Definition of terms (include operational definition) • Contribution/Significance/important of research • Limitation of research

Choosing a research topic • 2 things to be considered • Level of interest • Topic of interest will motivate one to do research on it • Choosing the wrong topic – you might end up or fail to discover some interesting value. • Feasibility • Your capability to complete a research conducted – e.g. data collection and analysis, report writing • Always take a research as you want to unveil a mystery

Getting ideas for researchers • Yourself (observation on a particular phenomena/experiences) • Discussion with expert in the field • Journal articles • Academic books (based on research work) • Proceeding and conference papers • Thesis, dissertation, final year project • Organizational Report (e.g statistic) • Others (Internet, Newspapers/magazines

Preparing a Problem Statement • A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issues (or problems) that need to be addressed by a researcher. • The primary purpose of a problem statement is to focus the attention of the researcher. • A research-worthy problem statement is the description of an active challenge (i.e. problem) faced by a researcher that does not have adequate solutions or theoretical foundation. • Should briefly address the question: What is the problem that the research will address?

More… • Define a problem or a gap that need to be researched to find a solution • Justify the need for a research • These gaps are discovered through journal articles (refer to limitations or suggestions in journal articles) • Sometimes a problem is discovered through: • personal experience of a researcher or a research sponsor • phenomena that happens around us.

Example of a problem statement • No known study that has looked into this specific topic. - exploratory research • There are only few studies that address this issue but most of the studies were done in Western countries especially in the United States(Mueller, 1998; Adruce, 2002; Adam, 2008) – Confirmatory research • There are several research works in this specific area but the findings are not consistent. Therefore, there is a need to do further research in this area – Confirmatory research

Continue … • There are several research works that have looked into a direct relationship between smoking habit and cancer; however, no known research has specifically looked into a mediator/moderator effect of a third variable (types of food consumed) • This incident (eg. Tsunami) has never happened in Malaysia, therefore, there is a need to study the post Tsunami effects in the affected region of Malaysia. • Most of the previous research in this area were done using qualitative method; therefore, there is a need to use quantitative/experimental method to test the preposition/ hypothesis.

Continue • Most of the previous research in this area were done using quantitative method; therefore, there is a need to use qualitative/experimental method to validate the findings.

How to prepare the Objective for the study • Based on the Problem Statement mentioned earlier • It is a statement that explains what the study will focus on • There are two types of objective • Main (This study is interested in studying the employees behavior related to job rotation amongst support staff) • Specific (to study the relation ship between job rotation and job satisfaction)

Hypothesis or research question • The purpose is to refine the objective of the study and make it easier to understand what we want to study • When to use Hypothesis or research question • Phenomena has been studied before and to test the findings we use hypotheses testing (e.g There is a relationship between job rotation and job satisfaction) • If no known study has been done in that specific area we should use research question instead (e.g Is there any relationship between job rotation and job satisfaction? • When can we use hypothesis even if there is no know research done in a specific area? • Experimental research

Theoretical/conceptual framework • Only to be used in quantitative study. • There is no need for theoretical/conceptual framework in a Qualitative study

Employees Satisfaction Based on Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Thory Basic Needs (Salary, Benefits) Job Satisfaction Job Security Peer Support

Hypothesis • There is a relationship between Basic Needs and Employees Job Satisfaction • Better Job Security will result in Better Employees Job Satisfaction • There is a relationship between work environment and employees job Satisfaction • RQ if there is no hypothesis • Which of the above factors rank the highest contributor to job satisfaction?

Successful Organization Based on Systems Theory Employees Performance External Environment Management Capability Organization Performance Services Provided

Definition of Terms used in your study • Dictionary definition • Defined by dictionary • Operational definition • An operational definition defines something (e.g. a variable, term, or object) in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity.

Continue… • Theoretical Definition • A theoretical definition relies on the acceptance of theories and so it does not simply reduce to a set of observationsLike the theories that build them, theoretical definitions also improve as scientific understanding grows

Research Contribution • Contributions • theory/concept/model/hypothesis/proposition or knowledge in the field • Methodology • Research Framework (statement of problem, objective, hypothesis, research question) • Instrument (questionnaire, interview guide, observation guide etc.) • Data Collected • Data Analysis Framework • Practitioner and community

Contribution toward theory and knowledge • This study is expected to contribute toward a theory (e.g. diffusion of innovation) related to the use of technology in organization because findings from previous studies implicate lack of consistencies either in supporting or refuting the theory. • Use of ICT in organization is a developing area and not many studies have really studied Malaysian organizations pertaining to their employees usage of ICT

Contribution toward Methodology • Since not many research were done in this area before, the Research Framework (statement of problem, objective, Hypothesis and Research Questions) use in this study could be use by future researcher who wanted to replicate this study. • The Instrument (questionnaire, interview guide, observation guide etc.) used in this research could be used for future research in the same area.

Contribution toward Practitioner and community • Findings from this research especially on the office and environmental factors that ensure success in job rotation should be a good guide to Human Resource Managers. • Finding from this research should also inform the community of employees in the organization on the important of office and environmental factors to ensure success in job rotation practices.

Limitation of the Study • Topical/subject/field limitation (limited to study of HRD and not on Psychology or management aspect of human resource) • Methodological limitation (Data collection method) • Population and Sample • Time Frame • Area/place of research • Resources Limitation (for example Literature Review is limited to Emerald online database)

Chap. 2:Literature Review • Gather all related and relevant findings from previous studies. • Introduction to the Chapter • Discussion on Theories, models, concepts and philosophy related to the research • Discussion on previous studies related to the topics. Guided by the specific objectives in the study. • Summary of the chapter

What is a Lit Review • What it is not • Not an essay • Not just a mere summary or annotated bibliography or abstract • What it is • Reflection of previous studies • Improve understanding on topic of interest • Status of works done in similar area • Updating you on what have been done in the past

How to do a Literature Review • Locate all related Previous Works on same topic to update you on what have been done. • Highlight the status of Previous research and finding Gaps or opportunities (availability, strength, weaknesses) • Uncertainties and doubts in previous findings • Limitations of previous studies that need to be dealt with • Methodological limitation • Geographical location • Time factor

Chap. 3:Methodology • Research Framework (Qualitative, Quantitative or Experimental) • Place and time of study • Population under study • Unit of analysis • Sample/respondent/informant (qualitative) • Sampling method and sampling framework • Method of Data Collection • Survey using Questionnaire (quantitative) • Interview (qualitative) • Document Analysis • Observation Technique • Determining method of data collection for each objective/research question/hypothesis

Methodology… continue • Research Instrument • Pre-Test and pilot test (quantitative) • Validity and reliability issues • Equipments (video, audio recorder etc.) to be used during data collections • Consent Form • Research Schedules and Timelines

Research Framework • Quantitative (mostly using Deductive Reasoning) - Confirmatory • to research questions that are best answered by collecting and analyzing numerical data (using statistical) • Qualitative (mostly using inductive Reasoning) – Exploratory • Mixed Method – Qualitative and Quantitative • To research questions that are best answered by giving descriptions on how one understand and interpret various aspects in their surroundings • Experimental (mostly using Deductive Reasoning) – Looking at Cause & Effect

Place and Time of Study • To be determined – provide justification • Determined also time to conduct the study because both place and time could determine the outcome of the study

Population and Sample • Determine the population where the study will be conducted • Identify the unit of analysis (individual or group) • Determine the sampling method (simple random method, cluster, stratified, systematic, purposeful/convenient, snow balling etc.) to be used and design the sampling framework

Main types of research methodologies • Survey - Quantitative • Experimental – Quantitative, Qualitative • Correlation - Quantitative • Case study – Quantitative, Qualitative • Historical - Qualitative • Ethnography – Qualitative

Chap. 4 Data Analysis and Interpretation • Present your analysis of data – summarize the relevant findings that are crucial to your study.

Chap. 5 Discussion • Interpret your data to meaningful information that is understandable. • Discussion and comparison with previous studies (focusing on similarities or differences in term of result)

• More by User

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. (Business Research Methods). Week 3. Decision-Making. Decision-Making is the process of resolving a problem or choosing amongst alternative opportunities What is the problem or opportunity? How much Information is available? What Information is needed?. Absolute

798 views • 16 slides

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. (Business Research Methods). Week 13. Editing and Coding Data. Editing is the process of checking data for errors such as omissions, illegibility and inconsistency, and correcting data where and when the need arises

1.12k views • 18 slides

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. (Business Research Methods). Week 1. How This Course Will Be Conducted. Comprehensive introduction to Research Methodology (Business Research Methods) Knowledge acquisition and application of subject matter to real-life situations

1.26k views • 36 slides

Research Methodology. Basic Information. Research Methodology. Basic Information Your Instructors Program of the Lessons Goal of the Course Material Modalities of Examination. Your Instructor Fausto Giunchiglia (http://www.dit.unitn.it/~fausto). Program of the Lessons

923 views • 57 slides

Research Methodology. Lecture #3. Roadmap . Understand What is Research . Define Research Problem . How to solve it? Research methods Experiment Design . How to write and publish an IT paper?. How to solve the problem?. Understanding the problem

2.67k views • 66 slides

Research methodology

Research methodology. What is a resume??? "Resume CV" is a bit of a misnomer. A resume is a CV. They are two different expressions for the same thing. What is a CV?? CV stands for "Curriculum Vitae" which is Latin for "course of life" . The difference between them is:.

655 views • 44 slides

LITERATURE REVIEW. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. PROFESSOR DR. MOHAMMAD ISMAIL UTM Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Civil Engineering UTM. CONTACT INFO. Room : C09–117-09 Tel : +60731757. Course Contents. Introduction Literature Review Research Design Result and Analysis

2.04k views • 46 slides

Research methodology. A plan and structure of the investigation in order to obtain evidence to answer the research questions. RM Involves a. choosing the subjects b. data collection techniques/tools c. procedures/steps for collecting data d. data analysis techniques/tools

2.2k views • 29 slides

Research Methodology. Group Members: April Tulloch Kerekia Walker Sashield Walker Daneik Wallace Juliann Wallace Nicole Wallace Lecturer: Dr. J. Lindo. PICO.

551 views • 24 slides

Research Methodology. Session 11 Research Design Sampling. Latest Schedule (1). Latest Schedule (2). Recap. Assignments Language feedback Language self-reflection Structural PS -> RO -> RQ Sub-problems => hypotheses / research questions Presentation Participation Feedback. Preview.

1.04k views • 25 slides

Research Methodology. SDLC MDLC Waterfall Model RAD. Introduction. A framework that describes the activities performed at each stage of a software development project.

1.31k views • 30 slides

Research Methodology*

Research Methodology*. Mian Ali Haider L.L.B., L.L.M ( Cum Laude) U.K. *(Contents of this PPT are not mine, infact, gathered from different electronic materials). What is Research ?.

1.41k views • 37 slides

Research Methodology. Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim (PhD) Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, IIUM. Report Writing. PROJECT II The Design Chapter The Evaluation chapter Evaluation Techniques Experimental Analytical Simulation

514 views • 3 slides

Research Methodology. Lecture No :24. Recap Lecture. In the last lecture we discussed about: Frequencies Bar charts and pie charts Histogram Stem and leaf display Pareto diagram Box plot SPSS cross tabulation. Lecture Objectives. Getting the feel for the data

474 views • 27 slides

CHP400: Community Health Program - lI. gy. What is Research ?. gy. Research Methodology. Mohamed M. B. Alnoor. Research Methodology. What is Research ?. gy. Content. Definition of Research. Steps in conducting Research. gy. Research Objectives. Hypotheses. Title of the study.

687 views • 16 slides

Research Methodology. EPH 7112 LECTURE 8: VALIDATION. Contents. Validation Compute Performance Draw Conclusions Peer Review. Scientific Method. Objectives. Objective of Validation phase is To decide whether the objective of the task has been achieved Based on formal conclusions

752 views • 9 slides

Research Methodology. Research Traditions What is research? Research is “the systematic approach to finding answers to questions.” “Questions” comes first – questions drive inquiry; questions will inform the kind of research we do. Quantitative and Qualitative research traditions

1.42k views • 41 slides

Research Methodology. Definition: Business Research. Systematic and Scientific inquiry aimed at providing information to solve managerial problems. Basic (Fundamental) Research. Generalization of natural phenomenon or human behavior

2.1k views • 83 slides

Research Methodology. 尚惠芳 教授兼系主任 義守大學應用英語學系. 98 學年度第一學期. 1. Outline. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Literature Review and Research Problems Survey Research Qualitative Methods Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs Sampling Data Collection

1.91k views • 144 slides

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Sampling. Introduction. Our Knowledge, Attitudes and Actions are based to a large extent on samples. This is equally true in every day life and scientific research. Introduction (Cont’d).

1.13k views • 38 slides

960 views • 37 slides

785 views • 37 slides

Princeton Correspondents on Undergraduate Research

How to Make a Successful Research Presentation

Turning a research paper into a visual presentation is difficult; there are pitfalls, and navigating the path to a brief, informative presentation takes time and practice. As a TA for  GEO/WRI 201: Methods in Data Analysis & Scientific Writing this past fall, I saw how this process works from an instructor’s standpoint. I’ve presented my own research before, but helping others present theirs taught me a bit more about the process. Here are some tips I learned that may help you with your next research presentation:

More is more

In general, your presentation will always benefit from more practice, more feedback, and more revision. By practicing in front of friends, you can get comfortable with presenting your work while receiving feedback. It is hard to know how to revise your presentation if you never practice. If you are presenting to a general audience, getting feedback from someone outside of your discipline is crucial. Terms and ideas that seem intuitive to you may be completely foreign to someone else, and your well-crafted presentation could fall flat.

Less is more

Limit the scope of your presentation, the number of slides, and the text on each slide. In my experience, text works well for organizing slides, orienting the audience to key terms, and annotating important figures–not for explaining complex ideas. Having fewer slides is usually better as well. In general, about one slide per minute of presentation is an appropriate budget. Too many slides is usually a sign that your topic is too broad.

Limit the scope of your presentation

Don’t present your paper. Presentations are usually around 10 min long. You will not have time to explain all of the research you did in a semester (or a year!) in such a short span of time. Instead, focus on the highlight(s). Identify a single compelling research question which your work addressed, and craft a succinct but complete narrative around it.

You will not have time to explain all of the research you did. Instead, focus on the highlights. Identify a single compelling research question which your work addressed, and craft a succinct but complete narrative around it.

Craft a compelling research narrative

After identifying the focused research question, walk your audience through your research as if it were a story. Presentations with strong narrative arcs are clear, captivating, and compelling.

• Introduction (exposition — rising action)

Orient the audience and draw them in by demonstrating the relevance and importance of your research story with strong global motive. Provide them with the necessary vocabulary and background knowledge to understand the plot of your story. Introduce the key studies (characters) relevant in your story and build tension and conflict with scholarly and data motive. By the end of your introduction, your audience should clearly understand your research question and be dying to know how you resolve the tension built through motive.

• Methods (rising action)

The methods section should transition smoothly and logically from the introduction. Beware of presenting your methods in a boring, arc-killing, ‘this is what I did.’ Focus on the details that set your story apart from the stories other people have already told. Keep the audience interested by clearly motivating your decisions based on your original research question or the tension built in your introduction.

• Results (climax)

Less is usually more here. Only present results which are clearly related to the focused research question you are presenting. Make sure you explain the results clearly so that your audience understands what your research found. This is the peak of tension in your narrative arc, so don’t undercut it by quickly clicking through to your discussion.

• Discussion (falling action)

By now your audience should be dying for a satisfying resolution. Here is where you contextualize your results and begin resolving the tension between past research. Be thorough. If you have too many conflicts left unresolved, or you don’t have enough time to present all of the resolutions, you probably need to further narrow the scope of your presentation.

• Conclusion (denouement)

Return back to your initial research question and motive, resolving any final conflicts and tying up loose ends. Leave the audience with a clear resolution of your focus research question, and use unresolved tension to set up potential sequels (i.e. further research).

Use your medium to enhance the narrative

Visual presentations should be dominated by clear, intentional graphics. Subtle animation in key moments (usually during the results or discussion) can add drama to the narrative arc and make conflict resolutions more satisfying. You are narrating a story written in images, videos, cartoons, and graphs. While your paper is mostly text, with graphics to highlight crucial points, your slides should be the opposite. Adapting to the new medium may require you to create or acquire far more graphics than you included in your paper, but it is necessary to create an engaging presentation.

The most important thing you can do for your presentation is to practice and revise. Bother your friends, your roommates, TAs–anybody who will sit down and listen to your work. Beyond that, think about presentations you have found compelling and try to incorporate some of those elements into your own. Remember you want your work to be comprehensible; you aren’t creating experts in 10 minutes. Above all, try to stay passionate about what you did and why. You put the time in, so show your audience that it’s worth it.

For more insight into research presentations, check out these past PCUR posts written by Emma and Ellie .

— Alec Getraer, Natural Sciences Correspondent

Share this:

• Share on Tumblr

Please log in to save materials. Log in

• Resource Library
• Research Methods
• VIVA Grant Recipients
• Vgr-social-work-research

Education Standards

Radford university.

Learning Domain: Social Work

Standard: Basic Research Methodology

Lesson 10: Sampling in Qualitative Research

Lesson 11: qualitative measurement & rigor, lesson 12: qualitative design & data gathering, lesson 1: introduction to research, lesson 2: getting started with your research project, lesson 3: critical information literacy, lesson 4: paradigm, theory, and causality, lesson 5: research questions, lesson 6: ethics, lesson 7: measurement in quantitative research, lesson 8: sampling in quantitative research, lesson 9: quantitative research designs, powerpoint slides: sowk 621.01: research i: basic research methodology.

The twelve lessons for SOWK 621.01: Research I: Basic Research Methodology as previously taught by Dr. Matthew DeCarlo at Radford University. Dr. DeCarlo and his team developed a complete package of materials that includes a textbook, ancillary materials, and a student workbook as part of a VIVA Open Course Grant.

The PowerPoint slides associated with the twelve lessons of the course, SOWK 621.01: Research I: Basic Research Methodology, as previously taught by Dr. Matthew DeCarlo at Radford University. 

Version History

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Download Free PDF

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY- ppt-1

Free related PDFs Related papers

The term “research” is semantically overloaded given its use in everyday language. In an academic context, research is used to refer to the activity of a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation in an area, with the objective of discovering or revising facts, theories, applications etc.

Research is any original and systematic investigation undertaken to increase knowledge and understanding and to establish facts and principles. It comprises the creation of ideas and generation of new knowledge that lead to new and improved insights and the development of new material, devices, products and processes. The word " research " perhaps originates from the old French word recerchier that meant to 'search again'. It implicitly assumes that the earlier search was not exhaustive and complete and hence a repeated search is called for.

According to Mugenda & Mugenda (2010), research is process of carrying out a diligent inquiry or a critical examination of a given phenomenonexhaustive study that follows some logical sequence. Mouly defines research as a process of arriving at effective solutions to problems through systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Research also involves a critical analysis of existing conclusions or theories with regard to newly discovered facts Research is the continued search for knowledge and understanding of the world around us. Clifford Woody argues that research is the process of designing and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusions and carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis.

Educational Journal, 2023

In the simplest of terms, the research definition is a process of seeking out knowledge. This knowledge can be new, or it can support an already known fact. The purpose of research is to inform and is based on collected and analyzed data. This exploration occurs systematically, where it is either tested or investigated to add to a body of knowledge. Research is a systematic and scientific approach to understanding the world around us. It is a process of inquiry that involves the collection and analysis of data to answer questions or solve problems.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Basis in the Management and Business Process), 2019

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.6_Issue.3_March2019/Abstract_IJRR0011.html, 2019

APTISI Transactions on Management, 2018

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

• Preferences

PhD Research Methodology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Something went wrong! Please try again and reload the page.

PhD Research Methodology

Essential because a question that is unclear or too broad cannot be answered. ... however, one disabled person, ju gosling, author of the website 'my not so ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Phase 1 essential first steps
• Phase 2 data collection
• Phase 3 analysis and interpretation
• Clarify the issue to be researched and select research method(s).
• Essential because a question that is unclear or too broad cannot be answered.
• The research method allows the research to be conducted according to a plan or design.
• Clarifying the question and method enables the researcher to be clearer about the data that is needed
• Therefore to make a decision about what sample size, or the amount of data, is needed.
• Interviews I identified four categories of people to interview
• performers working in the field of cyborg performance art
• disabled people whose bodies had been modified
• scientists making prosthetics
• and the main funders of technological research the military.
• The first category was relatively easy I knew people who could put me in touch with these performers, and I quickly secured interviews with two of the leading figures in the field
• Eduardo Kac.
• The second category was the most difficult, in many ways, not least because of the ethical dimension of undertaking such interviews.
• As it turned out, approaches to the prosthetic department in the university for assistance in identifying potential interviewees went unanswered.
• However, one disabled person, Ju Gosling, author of the website My Not So Secret Life as a Cyborg, attending a Performance Research conference and giving a paper about her experiences, gladly agreed to give me an interview, and from her experience and awareness of the issues gave me probably a far more insightful interview than I might otherwise have been able to achieve.
• For the third category I simply made a search on the internet.
• Most of the cutting edge prostheticians seemed to be based in the US.
• Of particular interest were the very small number of neuro-prostheticians, and the celebrated Utah Array a tiny chipset that, once implanted in the brain, can both read and transmit signals between brain and computer.
• Fascinated, I wrote to its inventor, Professor Richard Norman, in Salt Lake City, and he agreed to give me an interview.
• None of the other scientists I approached was able to grant me an interview at the time but one of them wrote to me to tell me about the forthcoming conference, in Washington DC, run by the US Department of Defence, entitled Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation.
• This would be perfect for the fourth category.
• Having read Ballards Crash (Ballard 1995) I was already interested in how the car forms an inorganic skin to a specific and very modern role played out by huge numbers of us in the west every time we sit behind the wheel. How much more so would the inorganic skin of a military exoskeleton a high tech suit of armour - make its impact upon our personalities!?
• Collecting the data
• surveys, interviews, literature review, participant observation, etc..
• I undertook the interviews I had arranged, recording them, then transcribing the recordings
• I attended the EHPA conference and made copious notes throughout
• Summarising and organising the data
• Excerpts from and summaries of transcripts
• Thoughts arising from notes on conference
• Analysis, interpretation
• Relating the data to the research question
• Drawing conclusions
• Assessing the limitations of the study
• Writing up occurs after the research is done
• Not everything that is done is reported
• Have to leave some stuff out!!
• The research report summarises the activities in such a way that they are clear to the reader, and so the reader could repeat the research.
• A Research Report should generally include
• Statement of problem
• review of relevant literature
• statement of hypothesis or research objectives
• description of research design
• selection and operationalization of variables
• description of sample selection procedure
• description of how data was collected
• data presented and summarised in words
• conclusion, limitations, and implications
• bibliography or references cited
• The Cyborgs Research Report included
• statement of research objectives
• collected data, presented and summarised in words
• bibliography and references cited
• appendices - the interview transcripts and the complete notes from the EHPA conference

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Whatever your area of interest, here you’ll be able to find and view presentations you’ll love and possibly download. And, best of all, it is completely free and easy to use.

You might even have a presentation you’d like to share with others. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. We’ll convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types you’ve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. Then you can share it with your target audience as well as PowerShow.com’s millions of monthly visitors. And, again, it’s all free.

About the Developers

PowerShow.com is brought to you by  CrystalGraphics , the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more.

How to structure your viva presentation (with examples)

Most PhD vivas and PhD defences start with a short presentation by the candidate. The structure of these presentations is very important! There are several factors and approaches to consider when developing your viva presentation structure.

Factors to consider when developing a viva presentation structure

Presenting a whole PhD in a short amount of time is very challenging. After all, a PhD is often the result of several years of work!

It is simply impossible to include everything in a viva presentation.

The structure of a viva presentation plays a crucial role in bringing across the key messages of your PhD.

Structuring your viva presentation traditionally

A very traditional viva presentation structure simply follows the structure of the PhD thesis.

The disadvantage of this traditional format is that it is very challenging to fit all the information in a – let’s say – 10-minute presentation.

Structuring your viva presentation around key findings

For instance, you can select your three main findings which you each connect to the existing literature, your unique research approach and your (new) empirical insights.

Furthermore, it might be tricky to find enough time during the presentation to discuss your theoretical framework and embed your discussion in the existing literature when addressing complex issues.

Structuring your viva presentation around key arguments

So, for example, your key argument 1 is your stance on an issue, combining your theoretical and empirical understanding of it. You use the existing theory to understand your empirical data, and your empirical data analysis to develop your theoretical understanding.

Structuring your viva presentation around case studies

Another common way to structure a viva presentation is around case studies or study contexts.

A viva presentation structure around case studies can be easy to follow for the audience, and shed light on the similarities and differences of cases.

Final thoughts on viva presentation structures

The key to a good viva presentation is to choose a structure which reflects the key points of your PhD thesis that you want to convey to the examiners.

The example viva presentation structures discussed here intend to showcase variety and possibilities and to provide inspiration.

Always think about what fits best to your thesis, asking yourself the following questions:

Master Academia

Get new content delivered directly to your inbox, 18 common audience questions at academic conferences (+ how to react), 10 reasons to do a master's degree right after graduation, related articles, juggling research and teaching obligations, introduce yourself in a phd interview (4 simple steps + examples), asking for a recommendation letter from a phd supervisor.

Rafael Savvides defends his PhD thesis on Statistical methods for uncertainties in data exploration and model building

M.Sc. (Tech) Rafael Savvides defends his doctoral thesis "Statistical methods for testing visual patterns, selecting models, and bounding model errors " on Friday the 11th of October 2024 at 13 o'clock in the University of Helsinki Exactum building, Auditorium CK112 (Pietari Kalmin katu 5, basement). His opponent is Professor Pauli Miettinen (University of Eastern Finland) and custos Professor Kai Puolamäki (University of Helsinki). The defence will be held in English.

The thesis of Rafael Savvides is a part of research done in the Department of Computer Science and in the Exploratory Data Analysis group at the University of Helsinki. His supervisor has been Professor Kai Puolamäki (University of Helsinki).

Statistical methods for testing visual patterns, selecting models, and bounding model errors

Data science involves data analysis and building models on data. The analyses and the models produced by data scientists are used for making decisions and for creating products that affect our lives. However, real world data are imperfect, which introduces uncertainties into analyses and models based on data. The uncertainties propagate to down-stream decisions and products, which can be negatively affected if these uncertainties are not made explicit.

This thesis introduces three computational methods that aid with uncertainties when analyzing data and building models based on data. The methods provide formal statistical guarantees about visual patterns in data exploration, models selected based on their expected errors in model selection, and model errors on specific data points. The methods concern fundamental problems in machine learning and therefore have wide applicability.

The first method concerns patterns observed during data exploration. Data scientists typically explore data using various visualizations that reveal patterns in the data. Since data are noisy, the observed visual patterns may also be due to noise, rather than a true effect in the data. Determining whether something is a true pattern or a random occurrence is traditionally determined using statistical testing. The method we developed is a statistical testing procedure for testing visual patterns during visual data exploration. The procedure allows analysts to measure whether what they see is compatible with their accumulated knowledge of the data.

The second method concerns selecting between machine learning models. When faced with a prediction task, data scientists use data to train and validate multiple models. In the end, only one model will be used, which is selected based on some criterion. The criterion usually relates to the average error on new data, which is estimated using data not seen during training. However, it is not clear how much new data should be used to estimate the performance; more data is always better, but there is a finite amount for both training models and validating them. Using less data leads to a more uncertain selection, but it is not clear how to quantify that uncertainty. The method we developed is a model selection algorithm that automatically decides how much data to use for selecting between models. The algorithm uses as much data as required to ensure a formal confidence guarantee that the selected model's loss is within a specified tolerance from the best model.

The third method concerns estimating prediction errors on specific data points. The performance of a machine learning model is typically evaluated using an average prediction error. However, since the model predicts on individual points, it can often be more important to estimate the (unknown) error at a specific test point, which can differ significantly from the average error. The method we developed provides an upper bound for the prediction error of any regression model at a given test point. The bound is based on a powerful model for quantifying uncertainties given by Gaussian processes. The bound improves upon existing methods based on Gaussian processes by requiring less information from the user, being applicable to a large class of kernels and any regressor, and being computationally faster.

Avail­ab­il­ity of the dis­ser­ta­tion

An electronic version of the doctoral dissertation will be available in the University of Helsinki open repository Helda at  http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-84-0695-2 .

Printed copies will be available on request from Rafael Savvides: [email protected]