english speech essay structure

A clear, arguable thesis will tell your readers where you are going to end up, but it can also help you figure out how to get them there. Put your thesis at the top of a blank page and then make a list of the points you will need to make to argue that thesis effectively.

For example, consider this example from the thesis handout : While Sandel argues persuasively that our instinct to “remake”(54) ourselves into something ever more perfect is a problem, his belief that we can always draw a line between what is medically necessary and what makes us simply “better than well”(51) is less convincing.

To argue this thesis, the author needs to do the following:

• Show what is persuasive about Sandel’s claims about the problems with striving for perfection.
• Show what is not convincing about Sandel’s claim that we can clearly distinguish between medically necessary enhancements and other enhancements.

Once you have broken down your thesis into main claims, you can then think about what sub-claims you will need to make in order to support each of those main claims. That step might look like this:

• Evidence that Sandel provides to support this claim
• Discussion of why this evidence is convincing even in light of potential counterarguments
• Discussion of cases when medically necessary enhancement and non-medical enhancement cannot be easily distinguished
• Analysis of what those cases mean for Sandel’s argument
• Consideration of counterarguments (what Sandel might say in response to this section of your argument)

Each argument you will make in an essay will be different, but this strategy will often be a useful first step in figuring out the path of your argument.  

Strategy #2: Use subheadings, even if you remove them later  

Scientific papers generally include standard subheadings to delineate different sections of the paper, including “introduction,” “methods,” and “discussion.” Even when you are not required to use subheadings, it can be helpful to put them into an early draft to help you see what you’ve written and to begin to think about how your ideas fit together. You can do this by typing subheadings above the sections of your draft.

If you’re having trouble figuring out how your ideas fit together, try beginning with informal subheadings like these:

• Introduction  
• Explain the author’s main point  
• Show why this main point doesn’t hold up when we consider this other example  
• Explain the implications of what I’ve shown for our understanding of the author  
• Show how that changes our understanding of the topic

For longer papers, you may decide to include subheadings to guide your reader through your argument. In those cases, you would need to revise your informal subheadings to be more useful for your readers. For example, if you have initially written in something like “explain the author’s main point,” your final subheading might be something like “Sandel’s main argument” or “Sandel’s opposition to genetic enhancement.” In other cases, once you have the key pieces of your argument in place, you will be able to remove the subheadings.  

Strategy #3: Create a reverse outline from your draft  

While you may have learned to outline a paper before writing a draft, this step is often difficult because our ideas develop as we write. In some cases, it can be more helpful to write a draft in which you get all of your ideas out and then do a “reverse outline” of what you’ve already written. This doesn’t have to be formal; you can just make a list of the point in each paragraph of your draft and then ask these questions:

• Are those points in an order that makes sense to you?  
• Are there gaps in your argument?  
• Do the topic sentences of the paragraphs clearly state these main points?  
• Do you have more than one paragraph that focuses on the same point? If so, do you need both paragraphs?  
• Do you have some paragraphs that include too many points? If so, would it make more sense to split them up?  
• Do you make points near the end of the draft that would be more effective earlier in your paper?  
• Are there points missing from this draft?  
• picture_as_pdf Tips for Organizing Your Essay

Writing Center Speech Structure

Section navigation, a guide to basic speech structure.

“A Speech is not an essay up on its hind legs!”

T he biggest difference between preparing a speech and preparing an essay is the audience. The essay’s audience—a reader—takes in the written ideas through the eyes. A public presentations’ audience, however, understands the speaker’s ideas by seeing, hearing and “feeling” the speaker by using their eyes, ears and heart. If an essay’s ideas aren’t clear, its audience can read the words over and over again. When speaking in front of a live audience, however, you only have one shot at getting your point across.

Good news! You can get your point across in one shot with structure.

I like to think of a speech as a journey that you and your audience take together. You don’t want to lose your audience, so plan for a clear beginning (introduction), middle (body) and end (conclusion).

FIRST: Decide where you’re going. Where are you taking your audience? We call this your PURPOSE, and speakers often begin their planning by writing a purpose statement .

Purpose statements are ambitious, active and audience focused.

Here are some examples:

• My purpose is to teach my audience three ways they can turn data into clear, useful charts.
• My purpose is to persuade my audience to vote for this new idea because it’s affordable, quick to implement and will have long-lasting positive impact.
• My purpose is to inspire my audience by sharing research that may predict sustainable life on Mars.

A purpose statement is critical in speech planning because:

• It keeps you “one sentence clear.” You know where you’re headed with the audience.
• It basically writes the body of your speech for you. (three ways to turn data into charts; vote because it’s affordable, quick and lasting; the two to three ways my research might predict sustainability on Mars...)
• It gives you a way to evaluate how successful you were after your presentation. Ask yourself: Did I achieve my purpose?

Now that you have your purpose statement, you can write your Introduction, right? WRONG!

Begin writing your speech by outlining the body of the speech first. Then write the introduction. You can’t introduce what you haven’t written yet, so begin with the body of the speech first.

Ultimately, the outline of your speech will have an introduction, a body and a conclusion.

Introduction

• Engage the audience. Start with a story, a startling statement, statistic, or a question that grabs your audience’s attention. The best presentations begin by answering “why...” In other words, why you are excited about your research or speech topic, and most important, why the audience should care. Watch Simon Sinek’s TED talk for inspiration. 
• Focus the presentation. Now that your audience knows why they should care, state your thesis or goal. Let your audience know what they’ll learn.
• Preview the presentation’s structure, content or approach to let the audience know how the presentation will unfold.

Organize your talk logically and clearly around 2-3 main points or arguments. For each major section of your presentation, follow the “4 S Structure” 1 :

• Signpost the point (“First, I’m going to point out the problem with...” My second argument is that...” “Now let me explain my methodology.”)
• State the point clearly and succinctly
• Support the point with data, cases, description, relevant studies, etc.
• Summarize the point

Then make a clear transition to the next major section.

Summarize and re-focus. Review key points or arguments. Restate the thesis.

• Close. Create a closing statement. Nodding back to the introduction can alert the audience that the speech has come to an end and provides a satisfying sense of final closure. Avoid using “Thank you” as your conclusion. Wait until the audience applauds. Then, thank them for that.

Audience Questions

1. Adapted from Joyce Ferguson, “Speaking Across the Curriculum at UNCG,” in Communication Across the UNCG Curriculum: A Guide for Faculty, ed. Karen Meyers, University of North Carolina—Greensboro, 2002.

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech

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The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, you'll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you.

You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your argument as a solution to a problem. Your first job as a speaker is to convince your audience that a particular problem is important to them, and then you must convince them that you have the solution to make things better.

Note: You don't have to address a real problem. Any need can work as the problem. For example, you could consider the lack of a pet, the need to wash one's hands, or the need to pick a particular sport to play as the "problem."

As an example, let's imagine that you have chosen "Getting Up Early" as your persuasion topic. Your goal will be to persuade classmates to get themselves out of bed an hour earlier every morning. In this instance, the problem could be summed up as "morning chaos."

A standard speech format has an introduction with a great hook statement, three main points, and a summary. Your persuasive speech will be a tailored version of this format.

Before you write the text of your speech, you should sketch an outline that includes your hook statement and three main points.

Writing the Text

The introduction of your speech must be compelling because your audience will make up their minds within a few minutes whether or not they are interested in your topic.

Before you write the full body you should come up with a greeting. Your greeting can be as simple as "Good morning everyone. My name is Frank."

After your greeting, you will offer a hook to capture attention. A hook sentence for the "morning chaos" speech could be a question:

• How many times have you been late for school?
• Does your day begin with shouts and arguments?
• Have you ever missed the bus?

Or your hook could be a statistic or surprising statement:

• More than 50 percent of high school students skip breakfast because they just don't have time to eat.
• Tardy kids drop out of school more often than punctual kids.

Once you have the attention of your audience, follow through to define the topic/problem and introduce your solution. Here's an example of what you might have so far:

Good afternoon, class. Some of you know me, but some of you may not. My name is Frank Godfrey, and I have a question for you. Does your day begin with shouts and arguments? Do you go to school in a bad mood because you've been yelled at, or because you argued with your parent? The chaos you experience in the morning can bring you down and affect your performance at school.

Add the solution:

You can improve your mood and your school performance by adding more time to your morning schedule. You can accomplish this by setting your alarm clock to go off one hour earlier.

Your next task will be to write the body, which will contain the three main points you've come up with to argue your position. Each point will be followed by supporting evidence or anecdotes, and each body paragraph will need to end with a transition statement that leads to the next segment. Here is a sample of three main statements:

• Bad moods caused by morning chaos will affect your workday performance.
• If you skip breakfast to buy time, you're making a harmful health decision.
• (Ending on a cheerful note) You'll enjoy a boost to your self-esteem when you reduce the morning chaos.

After you write three body paragraphs with strong transition statements that make your speech flow, you are ready to work on your summary.

Your summary will re-emphasize your argument and restate your points in slightly different language. This can be a little tricky. You don't want to sound repetitive but will need to repeat what you have said. Find a way to reword the same main points.

Finally, you must make sure to write a clear final sentence or passage to keep yourself from stammering at the end or fading off in an awkward moment. A few examples of graceful exits:

• We all like to sleep. It's hard to get up some mornings, but rest assured that the reward is well worth the effort.
• If you follow these guidelines and make the effort to get up a little bit earlier every day, you'll reap rewards in your home life and on your report card.

Tips for Writing Your Speech

• Don't be confrontational in your argument. You don't need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.
• Use simple statistics. Don't overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers.
• Don't complicate your speech by going outside the standard "three points" format. While it might seem simplistic, it is a tried and true method for presenting to an audience who is listening as opposed to reading.
• 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students
• 100 Persuasive Essay Topics
• Examples of Great Introductory Paragraphs
• 50 Argumentative Essay Topics
• How to Write a Persuasive Essay
• 5 Tips on How to Write a Speech Essay
• How To Write an Essay
• Tips on How to Write an Argumentative Essay
• Writing an Opinion Essay
• How to Structure an Essay
• 5 Steps to Writing a Position Paper
• Definition and Examples of Analysis in Composition
• Ethos, Logos, Pathos for Persuasion
• Write an Attention-Grabbing Opening Sentence for an Essay
• What an Essay Is and How to Write One
• How to Write a Graduation Speech as Valedictorian

Writing a speech

Topic outline.

The purpose of a speech is often to inform or persuade an audience. 

Speeches are usually written to be spoken directly to an audience and can be used to entertain, influencing the listeners that the viewpoint of the speaker is correct. 

Speeches can also be used to encourage the audience to take action or to change their behaviour in some way; for example, to join a particular school club or society, or to recycle more. 

The ways you use language and vocabulary when writing the words of a speech will depend on the audience and the purpose you are writing for; for example, in a speech to a group of teachers and parents giving your views on a recent proposal, formal language is most appropriate.

• think about the audience that the speech is for  – are you giving your speech to a group of people you know, or do not know, or a mixture of both? If you know your audience well, you may be able to relax a little, but a speech is still a formal kind of talk and would usually not include slang
• whether your audience are likely to disagree with what you say – you will need to consider any possible objections and deal with them. Use language carefully to make objections seem less significant; for example, using phrases like ‘A few people may still think, however’
• the reason you are giving this speech and how you feel about this topic  – try to imagine the words of your speech as you would speak them out loud. Your tone of voice must match your message, so choose words that appeal to the emotions of your listeners. Focus on what you want your audience to know and feel by the end of your speech
• how to engage your listeners  – f or example, you might use inclusive words or phrases like ‘we’, ‘all of us’ and ‘our’ to make your listeners feel that you are all on the same side.
• Plan where you want to finish your speech and how you will get there before you start writing – t h e structure of a speech is usually in three parts. For example: 
• An opening that grabs your audience's attention and makes the overall topic of your speech clear  – for example, pose a question to the audience where you can predict the answer.
• A well-structured, supported and developed argument –  for example, to support your argument you might use real life examples or anecdotes.
• A powerful conclusion  –  for example, group your final words or ideas in threes to help make them memorable or end with a thought- provoking question or image and thank your audience for listening.
• Organise your ideas into paragraphs as appropriate – this will help you to develop and support your points convincingly, to build your argument and/or offer a full explanation of a particular point of view.
• S how the connectio ns between ideas in sentences and paragraphs  –  where a new point or idea follows on from what you have already said you might use linking words or phrases such as, ‘in addition’, ‘likewise’ or ‘similarly’.
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Enda's English Notes

Junior and Leaving Cert English Notes

Elements of Speech Writing

Use these eight points to help you write your own speech or to analyse a speech, for either Junior or Leaving Cert English.

• Engage your audience by addressing them in the introduction. Say who you are and explain what you are going to talk about.
• Structure: Speeches must have a beginning, a middle and a conclusion.
• Personal pronouns: Using pronouns, like ‘I’ ‘we’ ‘us’ ‘you’ is an effective way of building a relationship with the reader. “It is up to every one of us here today to tackle climate change.”
• Anecdote: Tell a story in your speech that has a meaning, it may be personal or about someone else. It is a good way to keep people interested. “I recently went to the North Pole, where I saw that many of the ice caps have melted causing polar bears great distress.
• Repetition: This is a very effective tool, as it can have an impact on the listener. “ We must do what it takes to help our planet. We must be the pioneers of the future, we must be the light in the darkness.”
• Rhetorical Questions: These questions do not require an answer from the audience but it makes them think about the issue and gets the audience involved in the speech. “Are we prepared to sacrifice our children’s lives by taking the easy option?” or “ Are we willing to make sacrifices now so our children’s lives can blossom?”
• Triadic Structure: Much like repetition, triadic structure works on the same basis, where similar words are repeated in threes. It is often said that things said in groups of three have the greatest impact. “We have sought justice in the past, we seek justice today, and we will seek justice in the future.” Or “It is my dream that one day we will see a world where people of all race and creed can find equality , liberty and freedom .
• A call to action: Most speeches have a ‘call to action.’ This means that you are encouraging the listeners to do something, to make a difference. “I ask each and every one of you to leave this room tonight and do what you can to halt global warming.”

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Structure of an Essay

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Your essay should start with an introductory paragraph. There are actually many different ways to begin an essay; therefore, the format of the introductory paragraph is flexible. Often, essays begin with a general introductory statement. This statement could be an anecdote, description, striking statistic, a fact that will lead to your thesis, etc. Beginning this way, you will use the first few sentences to prepare, or “lay the groundwork” for your thesis, and use the last sentence of the first paragraph to present your thesis. However, your thesis statement can be anywhere in your introduction. In a longer essay, you can even wait to present your thesis until the second paragraph or later. Also for a longer essay, you should begin to introduce a few supporting ideas in the first couple of paragraphs. These supporting ideas should be the topics that you will discuss in full in your body paragraphs. For a short essay, presenting supporting ideas during the introduction is optional.

Your second paragraph generally begins the body of the paper. (For a longer paper, the body of the paper may not begin until the third paragraph or later). This paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the first supporting idea (the support for your thesis). You should use the middle of the paragraph to discuss your support, give examples, and analyze the significance of these examples. Your last sentence of the body paragraph could be used to draw a conclusion for that supporting idea or to transition into the next paragraph.

Your next two body paragraphs should follow the same format as your first body paragraph. They should each have a separate topic sentence and supporting ideas, but the three paragraphs should work together to prove your thesis. If you are writing a longer paper, you will have more than three body paragraphs, but they should all follow this format.

The form of your conclusion, like your introduction, is flexible. One good way to conclude a paper is to begin the last paragraph with a statement that reflects on what has been stated and proved, without repeating it exactly. Then you should briefly restate your key points to gently remind the reader how well you proved your thesis. Your conclusion should end with a statement or idea that leaves a strong impression and provokes further thought.

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How to Write a Speech GCSE – Score 9 in English GCSE Exam

Ever pondered ‘How do I start my GCSE English speech?’ or ‘What should I write my GCSE speech on?’ Crafting a compelling speech can be daunting, especially when it’s for your GCSE English exam. This guide will help you navigate the nuances of the GCSE English speaking and listening topic ideas and master the art of speech writing.

What is the GCSE Speech Exam?

The Speech GCSE includes an assessment of students’ spoken language abilities. This assessment is an integral part of the English GCSE exam , where you are required to demonstrate your speaking and listening skills. Most students typically choose from a range of GCSE spoken language topic ideas and present a speech, followed by a discussion with the examiner. This assessment not only evaluates your knowledge of the topic but also the ability to structure your thoughts, use persuasive techniques , and engage the audience.

What’s the Good Starting Point for GCSE Speech?

While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to structuring your speech, understanding the basic speech layout can provide a solid starting point. Typically, you’ll want to start with an engaging introduction, followed by 2-3 key points that support your topic, and a compelling conclusion to wrap things up.

How to Choose the Right Topic For GCSE Speech? 

Before you even begin writing a speech, it’s crucial to have a well-defined topic. Your topic sets the tone for your entire speech, so it has to be something you are passionate about and can speak on with authority. Moreover, a well-chosen topic significantly impacts what makes a good speech.

While your GCSE English speaking topic should ideally be interesting to your audience, it should also resonate with your own interests and strengths. This is the time to brainstorm English GCSE speaking ideas . The right topic can not only engage your audience but also allow you to showcase your oratory skills effectively.

Knowing Your Audience

If there’s one factor that can make or break your speech, it’s the audience. Knowing who you’re speaking to allows you to tailor your language, tone, and content to resonate with them effectively. Ask yourself the following questions:

🧐 What does my audience care about?

🧐 What are their expectations?

The better you understand these aspects, the easier it will be to connect and make a meaningful impact, thus further defining what makes a good speech.

Ideas for Speaking and Listening GCSE English

Choosing a topic that resonates with your audience is key. Given the requirements for GCSE speaking exam topics, you may want to consider issues like climate change, social media’s impact on mental health, or the importance of voting. These subjects are not only engaging but also provide ample scope for discussion and argument.

Here are some English Speaking Exam Topic Ideas to Consider:

• Climate Change and Its Global Impact
• Social Media and Mental Health
• The Importance of Voting
• Artificial Intelligence and Ethics
• The Future of Work in a Post-Pandemic World
• The Role of Education in Shaping Character
• Sustainable Living and Consumer Choices

To sum up, here are some tips to consider:

Choose a topic that excites you; your enthusiasm will be contagious.

Make sure the topic is relevant to your audience.

Opt for subjects that are neither too broad nor too narrow.

The Structure of a Good GCSE Speech

A successful speech is more than just a string of words; it’s a well-thought-out sequence designed to captivate your audience. Here, we’ll delve into the speech structure and discuss how to structure a speech for maximum impact. A typical speech will consist of an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction: Capture attention and state your main point.

Body: Build your argument or narrative with supporting evidence.

Conclusion: Summarise the key points and finish with a strong statement or call to action.

How do I start my GCSE English speech?

You have but a few precious moments to seize your audience’s attention. The way you start a speech can dictate whether your audience tunes in or zones out. The opening sets the tone and context for everything that follows, making it an integral part of how to open a speech effectively.

Dos and Don’ts of Starting Your GCSE Speech

• Open with a Provocative Question: Pose a question that challenges common beliefs or perceptions. For instance, “What if I told you that everything you knew about climate change was wrong?”
• Share a Personal Story: Relate an anecdote or personal experience that ties into your main topic. “Three years ago, I stood at the edge of a shrinking glacier, and that moment changed my perspective forever.”
• Use a Relevant Quote: Start with a powerful quote from a renowned figure that encapsulates the essence of your speech. “As Martin Luther King Jr. once said, ‘Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.'”
• Present a Shocking Statistic: Share a surprising fact or figure that grabs attention immediately. “Did you know that every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic is dumped into our oceans?”
• Paint a Vivid Picture: Use descriptive language to create a vivid scene or imagery in the minds of your audience. “Imagine a world where forests no longer exist, where silence replaces the chirping of birds.”
• With an Apology: Avoid starting with phrases like “Sorry for…” or “I’m not an expert, but…”. It undermines your credibility from the get-go.
• Using Clichés: Starting with overused phrases like “Webster’s dictionary defines…” can come off as uninspired.
• Being Too Broad or Vague: Avoid generic openings like “Today, I want to talk about life.” It doesn’t give the audience a clear sense of direction.
• Overloading with Information: Avoid bombarding your audience with too many stats or facts right at the start. It can be overwhelming.
• Being Negative or Confrontational: Starting with a confrontational tone, such as “Most of you probably won’t agree with me…” can put the audience on the defensive.

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Types of Speech Starters

So, what makes an opening memorable? There are numerous speech starters that can serve as a strong foundation for your talk. Here are a few tried and true methods:

Start with a provocative question to engage your audience’s curiosity.

Use a relevant quote that encapsulates your message.

Kick off with a shocking fact or statistic that supports your argument.

for instance

• Start with a Provocative Question: Engage your audience’s curiosity right from the outset. For instance, “What if I told you that by 2050, there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish?”
• Use a Relevant Quote: Begin with a powerful quotation that encapsulates the essence of your message. Consider using, “Nelson Mandela once said, ‘Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.'”
• Kick off with a Shocking Fact or Statistic: Share a surprising piece of information that supports your argument and grabs immediate attention. For example, “Recent studies reveal that an alarming 70% of young adults experience social media-induced anxiety.

Tailoring the Opening to GCSE Criteria

For students particularly interested in GCSE speaking exam topics, it’s crucial to note that examiners look for a range of specific elements in your opening. These can include clarity of expression, engagement with the audience, and a clear outline of what the speech will cover.

How to Structure My GCSE Speech?

A well-structured speech isn’t just a nicety—it’s a necessity. Especially when it comes to GCSE English, having a well-organised flow of ideas is pivotal to engaging your audience and making your points hit home. The way you structure your speech impacts not just its effectiveness but also how smoothly you can deliver it . When we talk about structure in the English language, we’re referring to the arrangement of your introduction, body, and conclusion, as well as the logical progression of your arguments.

Common Structural Techniques in GCSE English

There are several structural techniques in GCSE English that can amplify your speech’s effectiveness. For example:

• Repetition :Reinforcing key points by repeating them helps to keep your audience engaged.
• Tripling : Enumerating three related points or arguments can make your speech more memorable.
• Rhetorical questions : These engage the audience and provoke thought, without requiring an answer.
• These are some of the tried-and-true structural techniques GCSE students can employ to enhance their presentations.

How Structure and Language Interact?

The marriage between language and structure is a match made in rhetorical heaven. Your language choices should serve your structural design and vice versa. For example, if you’re using tripling, you’ll need to select words or phrases that have a similar tone or rhythm to create a sense of unity. By having your English language structure techniques complement your chosen words, you’re setting the stage for a cohesive and engaging presentation.

Implementing Structural Techniques for GCSE Criteria

How do these techniques match up with GCSE criteria? To excel in GCSE English , you’ll need to demonstrate an adept use of a range of structural devices. Whether it’s crafting a compelling introduction or providing a powerful conclusion, these structural elements are integral in showcasing your understanding of the English language structure techniques required for this level of examination.

Why Language Matters in GCSE English?

You’ve probably heard the phrase, “It’s not what you say; it’s how you say it.” Well, when it comes to your GCSE English speech, both matter immensely. Your choice of words and how you string them together can captivate your audience and leave a lasting impression. Employing the right GCSE English language techniques is paramount in this regard.

The Essentials of Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical devices are the tools of the trade when it comes to effective speech writing. These include metaphors, similes, and alliteration, among others. Familiarising yourself with these techniques in the English language will enable you to elevate the quality of your speech. By doing so, you’re more likely to meet and perhaps even exceed GCSE language techniques expectations.

Crafting Sentences for Maximum Impact

The structure of your sentences can significantly influence the power of your speech. Consider varying sentence length to maintain interest, employing short, impactful sentences for key points and longer, more complex ones for detailed explanations. These are among the essential English language techniques for GCSE that you’ll want to master.

Practical Examples of Effective Structure

To solidify your understanding, consider these real-world examples:

Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech is an excellent study in effective repetition and emotive language.

Winston Churchill’s ‘We Shall Fight on the Beaches’ uses tripling to emphasise Britain’s determination during WWII.

Both examples can be adapted to meet GCSE standards, offering invaluable lessons in how to effectively employ structural techniques.

How to End My GCSE Speech?

Every great GCSE speech deserves a powerful finish. Your conclusion is the final impression you’ll leave on your audience and the examiner, so it’s vital to get it right. Whether you’re discussing GCSE spoken language topic ideas or any other English GCSE speaking exam topics, your conclusion should encapsulate your main points and leave a lasting impression. Here’s how:

Reiterate Key Points

Quickly recap the main arguments or insights from your speech’s body. This helps solidify your message and reminds the audience of your core GCSE English speaking and listening topic ideas.

End with a Bang

A thought-provoking statement, a call-to-action, or a powerful quote can provide that final punch. Wondering how to end a speech in a way that lingers? Think of a statement that encapsulates your entire speech’s essence.

Here are examples:

• Thought-Provoking Statement: “In a world driven by screens, it’s our humanity that keeps us connected.”
• Call-to-Action: “Let’s pledge to unplug for an hour each day and reconnect with the world around us.”
• Powerful Quote: “As Albert Einstein once said, ‘I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.”

Relate to the Bigger Picture

Connect your GCSE speech ideas to broader themes or global issues. If you discussed technology’s impact on mental health , perhaps conclude with its overarching role in modern society.

Engage and Involve

Pose a final question or challenge to your audience. It could be related to English spoken language topics or any other theme you’ve explored. By involving your audience, you ensure they remain engaged even after you’ve finished speaking.

Use Language Techniques

Integrate GCSE language techniques and English language techniques GCSE standards advocate for. A sprinkle of speech techniques, perhaps a rhetorical question or a vivid imagery, can elevate your conclusion.

Understanding language techniques is more than memorising definitions, it’s about seeing the powerful role they play in shaping narratives and evoking responses. From the dramatic irony of Shakespeare to the poignant metaphors in modern poetry, these tools are the backbone of effective communication in literature.

Explore Our Comprehensive Guide

In this introductory overview, we cover a range of language techniques that every student should be familiar with:

• Metaphor – Dive deeper into the art of implicit comparison and discover how language techniques colour narratives.
• Alliteration and Assonance – Feel the rhythm and flow these sound devices inject into poetry and prose, showcasing effective language techniques .
• Personification – Bring inanimate objects to life with our insights into personification, a classic example of engaging language techniques .

For those interested in a detailed breakdown of each technique, including examples from classical and contemporary works, check out our full guide on gcse language techniques . Here, you’ll find expert analysis, detailed examples, and thoughtful commentary that will prepare you for your exams and beyond.

Call-to-Action

Whether it’s a plea for change, a challenge, or a simple request for reflection, ending with a clear call-to-action gives your audience a direction post your speech.

Tip: Remember, while it’s essential to know how to write a good speech, it’s equally crucial to know how to wrap it up effectively. Your conclusion should resonate with the speech structure and content, ensuring a cohesive and memorable presentation.

In essence, your conclusion is not just a summary; it’s your final chance to make an impact, to inspire, and to be remembered. Craft it with care, and your GCSE English speech will undoubtedly stand out.

GCSE English Past Papers

Navigating the road to GCSE English excellence requires not just hard work but also smart strategies. One of the most effective methods for ensuring you’re well-prepared for exam day is the use of past papers . This blog post delves into why past papers are an indispensable resource for both students and teachers.

Past papers offer a wealth of benefits, from familiarizing you with the exam format and question styles to improving your time management skills during the test. Gain insight into the types of questions that frequently appear, understand the marking scheme better..

Whether tackling AQA, Edexcel, OCR, or Eduqas exam boards, we’ve compiled every available past paper to give you a comprehensive practice tool. Practising with these papers not only boosts confidence but also sharpens English language skills, setting on a path to achieving top marks.

Ready to Ace Your GCSE Speech?

The GCSE is a pivotal milestone in one’s academic journey. Excelling in your GCSE English speech can significantly boost your overall grade, making it essential to get it right. While this guide provides a comprehensive overview, personal guidance can make all the difference.

Preparing for your GCSE revision can be daunting, but you don’t have to face it alone. At Edumentors, the expert tutors have not only aced their GCSEs but also possess the insights to guide you towards success. Once anxious about her speech, she achieved top marks and is now furthering her studies at University of St. Andrews. Why not explore her journey? Schedule a complimentary introductory session with her today and discover the perfect mentorship match for your GCSE journey.

The standout feature of Edumentors? Their tutors hail from the UK’s top universities, bringing a wealth of knowledge, experience, and best practices to the table. They understand the nuances of the GCSE, the expectations of examiners, and the techniques that can set your speech apart.

So, why navigate this journey alone when you can have an expert by your side? Whether it’s mastering the art of speech writing or preparing for other aspects of the GCSE exams, Edumentors is your gateway to excellence.

Take the leap. Reach out to Edumentors and ensure your GCSE speech isn’t just good, but exceptional.

Make a GCSE Speech Finally, the moment has come for making a speech . This is where all your hard work pays off. Keep in mind all the elements we’ve discussed—from structure to language techniques. Try to maintain eye contact with your audience, employ strategic pauses for effect, and remember to breathe. A well-prepared speech, delivered with confidence, can make all the difference in your grades and in how you are perceived.

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How to structure an essay

(Last updated: 13 May 2021)

Since 2006, Oxbridge Essays has been the UK’s leading paid essay-writing and dissertation service

We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

This guide is for anyone looking to vastly improve their essay writing skills through better knowledge what is meant by good 'essay structure'.

Essay writing is a key component to academic success at every level. It is, essentially, the way in which people within the academic community communicate with each other. Thus, there are fundamental ways in which academics structure their work and formal ways of communicating what they have to say. Writing essays is not simply a hoop for students to jump through. The vast majority of instructors and professors also write essays at a professional level, and they do not ask of their students anything less than the standard that is asked of them.

Where too many students go wrong in writing their essays is in either failing to plan ahead (not giving sufficient, care, thought, or time to the process) or in not understanding the expectations of essay writing. Of these expectations, appropriate and effective essay structure is critical. Students often lose valuable marks by failing to structure their essays clearly and concisely to make the best of their ideas.

So how do you structure academic writing? What is the best essay structure format?

First, consider what an essay is . What is it supposed to do? At its core an essay is simply an argument . Now, by argument we don’t mean a slanging match between two angry people. Rather, we are talking about a formal argument. An idea or a claim, which is supported by logic and/or evidence.

Imagine the following scenario: you feel the time has come to approach your boss about getting a raise at work. Imagine yourself walking into your supervisor’s office and requesting that raise. Almost automatically, your mind formulates a rhetorical structure. There are effective and ineffective ways of asking of making such a request. The effective strategy will have a logic and an order. You will firstly claim that you deserve a raise. And you will give evidence to support why you deserve that raise. For example: you are a hard worker, you are never late, you have the admiration and respect of your colleagues, you have been offered another position elsewhere and you want the pay matched. And so on. And you would probably wrap up your discussion with an overview of of why giving you more money is important.

And that is fundamentally an essay. Every good essay has three basic parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

This simple guide will show you how to perfect your essay structure by clearly introducing and concluding your argument, and laying out your paragraphs coherently in between. Your essay writing can be dramatically improved overnight simply by using the correct essay structure, as explained below.

Where the essay starts

When you are writing an essay , every sentence and every paragraph is important. But there is something extra important about introductions. Just like going out on a date for the first time, you want the introduction to be just right, almost perfect. You want to put your best self forward and create a great first impression.

You should already know this, but most professors and instructors will start grading your work in their head as soon as they begin reading it. They will be sorting your essay, maybe not in terms of a grade, but most definitely in terms of strong/weak, interesting/dull, or effective/ineffective. And most will have some notion of where your essay falls on that scale before they even finish the introduction. It will be the rarest of markers who withholds judgement until the end. The introduction is something you absolutely must start strong.

Always develop an introduction that clearly sets out the aims of what you are about to write and, if applicable, refers to the subject under investigation. State what the essay will try to achieve and briefly mention some of the main points you will consider. The idea is to give the marker an overview of your argument, to show that your thought process is logical and coherent and that you have carefully thought the question through. Don’t try to go into any of your key points in depth in your introduction – they will each be covered by a full paragraph later on. If the question is an ‘either or’ or a ‘how far do you agree’ question, it is useful to set out both sides of the argument briefly in the introduction in preparation for exploring the two sides later in the essay.

Think of your introduction as a thumbnail picture of the whole essay. Anyone, but especially the marker, should know the essay subject and how you intend to prove or disprove it, just from having read just the introduction.

Take the following example:

You have been given this assignment: The main purpose of Gothic fiction is to break normal moral and social codes. Discuss.

A strong introduction should read something like this:

It is certainly true that many works of Gothic fiction manifest the transgression of normal moral and social codes as their major theme. Their emphasis on female sexuality, their breaking of the boundaries between life and death and their shocking displays of immoral religious characters would all suggest that this is indeed the case. However, it is also important to consider other major aspects of the genre that might be considered equally important in purpose, such as its fascination with the supernatural, its portrayal of artificial humanity and its satirical social attacks. This essay will explore these conflicting purposes with reference to several different Gothic texts to discover what might be best described as the ‘main’ purpose of the genre.

Reread that paragraph. Does it tell you what the topic of the essay is? What the point is? What the essay plans to do? Now, without reading think about just the size of that paragraph. If a marker were to see an introduction that were any less than that they would automatically know, without even reading a word, that the topic was not going to be well introduced. That is not to suggest you simply fill up the paragraph, but that a certain amount of information in the introduction is expected.

It is worth pointing out that in a much longer essay an introduction does not need to be limited to a single paragraph. Generally, however, it will be.

The body of your essay

The second part of the essay is the body. This is the longest part of the essay. In general, a short essay will have at least three full paragraphs; a long essay considerably more.

Each paragraph is a point that you want to make that relates to the topic. So, going back to the ‘give me more money’ example from earlier, each reason you have for deserving a raise should be a separate paragraph, and that paragraph is an elaboration on that claim.

Paragraphs, like the essay overall, also have an expected structure. You should start a new paragraph for each major new idea within your essay, to clearly show the examiner the structure of your argument. Each paragraph should begin with a signpost sentence that sets out the main point you are going to explore in that section. It is sometimes helpful to refer back to the title of the essay in the signpost sentence, to remind the examiner of the relevance of your point. Essay writing becomes much easier for you too this way, as you remind yourself exactly what you are focusing on each step of the way.

Here's a signpost sentence example: One important way in which Gothic fiction transgresses normal moral and social codes is in its portrayal of the female heroine.

Further sentences in this paragraph would then go on to expand and back up your point in greater detail and with relevant examples. The paragraph should not contain any sentences that are not directly related to the issue set out in the signpost sentence. So you are writing an essay that clearly separates its ideas into structured sections. Going back to the wage-raise example: in the middle of talking about how punctual you are, would you start talking about how you are a good colleague, then about that client you impressed, and then talk about your punctuality again? Of course not. The same rules apply: each paragraph deals with one idea, one subject.

The end of your essay

The last section of your essay is the conclusion. In general, this will also be a single paragraph in shorter essays, but can go on to two or three for slightly longer discussions.

Every well-structured essay ends with a conclusion . Its purpose is to summarise the main points of your argument and, if appropriate, to draw a final decision or judgement about the issues you have been discussing. Sometimes, conclusions attempt to connect the essay to broader issues or areas of further study.

It is important not to introduce any new ideas in the conclusion – it is simply a reminder of what your essay has already covered. It may be useful again to refer back to the title in the conclusion to make it very clear to the examiner that you have thoroughly answered the question at hand. Make sure you remind them of your argument by very concisely touching on each key point.

Here an example of an essay conclusion:

Overall, whilst it is certainly true that the characters, plots and settings of Gothic fiction seem firmly intended to break normal moral and social codes, the great incidence within the genre of the depiction of the supernatural, and in particular its insistent reference to social injustice and hypocrisy might suggest that in fact its main purpose was the criticism and reform of society.

But where do I start???

Now you should have a solid grasp of a typical essay structure but might not know how to actually begin structuring your essay. Everyone works differently. Some people have no trouble thinking everything out in their head, or putting together a plan, and starting with the introduction and finishing with the conclusion.

One surefire way to make your life easier is to, in the first instance, write out an essay plan . Jotting down a plan where you create a structure, which details what your essay will cover, will save you time in the long run - so we highly recommend you do this!

When planning your essay structure, we suggest writing from the inside out and doing the body paragraphs first. Since each body paragraph is a main idea, then once you know what your main ideas are, these should come fairly easily. Then the introduction and conclusion after that.

If you're really struggling - or just curious - you can also look into the Essay Writing Service from ourselves here at Oxbridge Essays. We can put together a comprehensive essay plan for you, which maps out your essay and outlines the key points in advance, and in turn makes the writing process much easier.

One final thought to remember: good essays are not written, they are rewritten . Always go over your first draft and look for ways to improve it before handing it in.

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Grammar: Sentence Structure and Types of Sentences

Definitions and examples of basic sentence elements.

The Mastering the Mechanics webinar series also describes required sentence elements and varying sentence types. Please see these archived webinars for more information.

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font = prepositional phrase

Independent clause : An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb and is a complete idea.

• I like spaghetti .
• He reads many books .

Dependent clause : A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be attached to an independent clause to become complete. This is also known as a subordinate clause.

• Although I like spaghetti,…
• Because he reads many books,…

Subject : A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an action. Determine the subject in a sentence by asking the question “Who or what?”

• I like spaghetti.
• He reads many books.

Verb : Expresses what the person, animal, place, thing, or concept does. Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the question “What was the action or what happened?”

• The movie is good. (The be verb is also sometimes referred to as a copula or a linking verb. It links the subject, in this case "the movie," to the complement or the predicate of the sentence, in this case, "good.")

Object : A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that receives the action. Determine the object in a sentence by asking the question “The subject did what?” or “To whom?/For whom?”

Prepositional Phrase : A phrase that begins with a preposition (i.e., in, at for, behind, until, after, of, during) and modifies a word in the sentence. A prepositional phrase answers one of many questions. Here are a few examples: “Where? When? In what way?”

• I like spaghetti for dinner .
• He reads many books in the library .

English Sentence Structure

The following statements are true about sentences in English:

• H e obtained his degree.
• He obtained his degree .
• Smith he obtained his degree.
• He obtained his degree.
• He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).

Simple Sentences

A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent clause.

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font =prepositional phrase

Here are a few examples:

• She wrote .
• She completed her literature review .
• He organized his sources by theme .
• They studied APA rules for many hours .

Compound Sentences

A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses.  These two independent clauses can be combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon .

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma  or semicolon = pink, regular font ; coordinating conjunction = green, underlined

• She completed her literature review , and she created her reference list .
• He organized his sources by theme ; then, he updated his reference list .
• They studied APA rules for many hours , but they realized there was still much to learn .

Using some compound sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .

Complex Sentences

A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Dependent clauses can refer to the subject (who, which) the sequence/time (since, while), or the causal elements (because, if) of the independent clause.

If a sentence begins with a dependent clause, note the comma after this clause. If, on the other hand, the sentence begins with an independent clause, there is not a comma separating the two clauses.

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma = pink, regular font ; dependent clause = blue, italics

• Note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause.
• Note that there is no comma in this sentence because it begins with an independent clause.
• Using some complex sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .

Compound-Complex Sentences

Sentence types can also be combined. A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Key: independent clause = yellow, bold ; comma  or semicolon = pink, regular font ; coordinating conjunction = green, underlined ; dependent clause = blue, italics

• She completed her literature review , but she still needs to work on her methods section even though she finished her methods course last semester .
• Although he organized his sources by theme , he decided to arrange them chronologically , and he carefully followed the MEAL plan for organization . 
• T hey studied APA rules for many hours , and they decided that writing in APA made sense because it was clear, concise, and objective .
• Using some complex-compound sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety .
• Pay close attention to comma usage in complex-compound sentences so that the reader is easily able to follow the intended meaning.

Sentence Structure Video Playlist

Note that these videos were created while APA 6 was the style guide edition in use. There may be some examples of writing that have not been updated to APA 7 guidelines.

• Structuring Sentences: Types of Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Simple Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Compound Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Complex Sentences (video transcript)
• Structuring Sentences: Combining Sentences (video transcript)
• Common Error: Unclear Subjects (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Punctuation as Symbols (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Commas (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Periods (video transcript)
• Mastering the Mechanics: Semicolons (video transcript)

Related Resources

Knowledge Check: Sentence Structure and Types of Sentences

Didn't find what you need? Email us at [email protected] .

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• Next Page: Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments
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Sentence Structure in English | Explanation & Examples

Sentence structure determines how the different parts of a sentence are put together, from its punctuation to the ordering of its words. As well as following basic word order rules , there are many other things you have to consider to write correctly and clearly structured sentences.

There are two especially common sentence construction mistakes:

• Run-on sentences : incorrect punctuation used to join different parts of a sentence
• Sentence fragments : missing necessary components to form a full grammatically correct sentence

Sentence structure is not just a matter of grammar, but also of style and flow. Strong academic writing uses a variety of sentence lengths and structures. It’s important to avoid overly long sentences that can be confusing for readers, but too many very short sentences can make your text feel choppy and disjointed. If you struggle with this, you could consider a proofreading and editing service .

Table of contents

Avoid run-on sentences, avoid sentence fragments, split up overly long sentences, link together overly short sentences, fix sentence structure with a paraphrasing tool, other sentence structure tips.

An independent clause is a group of words that could stand as a full sentence on its own. There are various ways to join independent clauses, but a run-on sentence occurs when they are joined without proper punctuation.

Run-on sentences are a matter of grammar rather than length—even relatively short sentences can contain this error. There are two common mistakes that result in run-on sentences.

Comma splice

Two independent clauses cannot be joined by a comma alone. This form of sentence is called a comma splice .

• The project ran over the deadline, data processing was extensive.

There are three ways to fix this error. You can split the clauses into two separate sentences.

• The project ran over the deadline. Data processing was extensive.

You can replace the comma with a semicolon or (if appropriate) a colon .

• The project ran over the deadline; data processing was extensive.

Alternatively, you can use a conjunction to create a connection between the clauses.

• The project ran over the deadline because data processing was extensive.

Comma splices can also appear in longer sentences with multiple clauses. In this context they are especially likely to cause confusion.

• Jimmy likes to take cream and sugar with his coffee, when he drinks it warm, he also likes it black.

Here it is not clear which part of the sentence should be connected to the clause  when he drank it warm.  Does he like cream and sugar when he drinks coffee warm, or does he like coffee black when he drinks it warm? A semicolon, period or conjunction clarifies the meaning of the sentence, which changes in meaning depending on where the punctuation is placed.

• Jimmy likes to take cream and sugar with his coffee; when he drinks it warm, he also likes it black.
• Jimmy likes to take cream and sugar with his coffee when he drinks it warm. He also likes it black.
• Jimmy likes to take cream and sugar with his coffee, but when he drinks it warm, he also likes it black.

Missing comma with a coordinating conjunction

There are seven coordinating conjunctions in English: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (you can remember them with the acronym FANBOYS). When you use one of these conjunctions to join two independent clauses, you need to use a comma before it.

• Data was gathered through questionnaires and selected respondents participated in interviews .

The missing comma creates a run-on sentence, and like the comma splice , it can often cause confusion. Because we use these conjunctions so often and for so many purposes, it’s useful to know how they are being used when we encounter them.

The comma before and helps the reader navigate the sentence by signalling that the next part is a new, related, and complete thought.

• Data was gathered through questionnaires, and selected respondents participated in interviews.

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A fragment is a group of words that doesn’t contain all the components of a grammatically correct sentence. For a string of words to be considered a sentence, it has to contain a subject and a predicate.

Note that sentence fragments are often used stylistically in journalism and creative writing, but they are rarely appropriate in academic or other formal writing.

Subjects and predicates

The  subject  of the sentence tells us about the person or thing that acts, while the predicate tells us about what the subject does or is. Put another way, the subject is the noun part of a sentence, and the predicate is the verb part.

Some sentences have more than one subject-predicate combination, but the subject position always comes first. No matter how many subject-predicate pairs come in a sentence, the ratio is always 1:1—every subject needs a predicate, and every predicate needs a subject.

• Ducks fly .
• Haggard and elderly ducks and geese fly slower, lower, and with more caution.
• Haggard and elderly ducks and geese fly slower, lower, and with more caution, perhaps because of rheumatism .
• Haggard and elderly ducks and geese fly slower, lower, and with more caution , perhaps because their rheumatism hinders them .
• Ducks fly ; dogs walk .
• Ducks fly faster than geese when dogs run and bark .
• The dog catches the ball .
• The dog catches the ball , which is covered in slobber .
• The dog catches the ball , which we bought .
• The ball is caught .
• The ball now has the following characteristics: a slipperiness, a smelliness, and a chewiness .
• The ball now has the following characteristics : it is slippery , it is smelly , and it is chewy .
• The ball now has the following characteristics : it is slippery, smelly, and chewy .

Missing predicate

The simplest form of sentence fragment is a sentence missing a main verb. A noun phrase alone is not a sentence—it needs a predicate to be grammatically correct.

• After they settled the argument , they became friends . A fortunate turn of events .

The fragment can be revised either by using appropriate punctuation to join it to the preceding sentence, or by rewriting the sentence to include a predicate.

• After they settled the argument , they became friends: a fortunate turn of events .
• After they settled the argument , they became friends . It was a fortunate turn of events .

Dependent clause on its own

A dependent clause has a subject and a predicate, but it does not express a complete thought. It has to be attached to an independent clause to form a full sentence.

Dependent clauses are often formed with subordinating conjunctions , which include words such as when, after, since, while, although, if, unless, because, while , and whereas . When one of these words is added to the beginning of an independent clause, it turns into a dependent clause.

• The coast was clear .
• When the coast was clear .

The first sentence is an independent clause that can stand as a full sentence on its own. The subordinating conjunction when transforms it into a dependent clause. On its own, this is a sentence fragment. It needs to be correctly connected to another clause to form a full sentence.

• They would go to safety . When the coast was clear .
• They would go to safety ; when the coast was clear .
• They would go to safety when the coast was clear .
• When the coast was clear , they would go to safety .

Note that these clauses cannot be joined with a semicolon . A semicolon can only join two independent clauses.

Misuse of the present participle

The present participle is the form of a verb that ends with  -ing (e.g. running, researching, being ). Sometimes it is misused where a present or past simple form should be used instead. An -ing verb on its own can be part of a modifier  that refers to another part of the sentence, but it can’t mark the beginning of a predicate.

The most common verb abused with this mistake is to be , which is conjugated as being when it should be conjugated is  or was .

• He argued all night long . The point being important .

The point being important is a sentence fragment. It needs to be connected to another clause or revised with a properly conjugated verb.

• He argued all night long . The point was important .
• He argued all night long, the point being important .

Sometimes a long sentence is grammatically correct, but its length makes it difficult to follow. To make your writing clearer and more readable, avoid using too many overly long sentences.

The average sentence length is around 15–25 words. If your sentence starts to exceed 30–40 words, you might want to consider revising it. Removing redundancies and inflated phrases is a good way to start, but if all the words in the sentence are essential, try to split it up into shorter sentences.

This sentence doesn’t contain any grammatical errors, but the information can be presented more clearly by revising its structure.

Another issue to watch out for is overly long introductory phrases or clauses. If your sentence starts by repeating material that has already been presented, it can bury the new information you want to communicate.

The main point of the sentence is that none of the findings were significant , but the long introductory clause distracts us from this information. To clarify the point and shorten the sentence, focus on reducing repetition .

Shorter sentences are generally clearer and more readable, but using too many very short sentences can make a text feel choppy, disjointed or repetitive. Try to use a variety of sentence lengths, and use transition words to help readers see how your ideas fit together.

While all of these are grammatically correct sentences, the text reads more smoothly if they are merged.

At the end of the day, you want your writing to be natural and easy to understand. And we get it. When you’re in the middle of writing your paper, you might not remember all the rules for making sentences.

Why not use new technology to make your sentence structure flow more smoothly? With the AI-powered paraphrasing tool , you can easily copy your sentences into the tool, choose “fluency”, and fix your sentence structure. It only takes one click.

Apart from these basic rules, there are some other techniques you can use to improve your sentence structure.

Use parallel structure   Fix dangling modifiers Fix misplaced modifiers

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