science experiments 10th class

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Are you looking for science activities to do with your 10th graders? No sweat. We have you covered. Check out our list of 22 science projects and experiments that you can try with your 10th graders this month.

• Is a Dense Fruit a Healthy Fruit? | Education.com – Grades 9-12, In this experiment, students will find out if there is a correlation between density and nutritional value, by measuring the density of vegetables and fruits.
• Effect of Glucose and Sucrose as Dietary Additives | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Students examine if and how glucose affects the lifespan of humans.
• Effect of Acid Rain on Seedling Germination | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Does acid rain have a positive or negative impact on seedling germination? In this project, students use vinegar-based solutions to mimic acid rain conditions to find.
• Effectiveness of Garlic in Fighting Bacteria | All-Science-Fair-Projects.com – Grades 9-12, Use milk in petri dishes to find out if garlic is a natural antibiotic.
• Build a Raft Powered by Surface Tension | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 6-10, Learn about the properties of surface water tension, and use it to propel a raft.
• Paw Preference in Pets | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 7-10, Are animals left-handed or right-handed like humans?
• Bat Detector: Listen to the Secret Sounds of Bats | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 7-10, Study the behavior of bats to find out how do they use echolocation to catch their prey
• Saving Migratory Animals | ScienceBuddies.org – Grades 7-10, They’re here today but could be gone tomorrow. Examine the migratory path of a bird species and the similarities and differences between their winter and summer habitats. Recommend which locations should be preserved to protect these species.
• Electric wind: hi-speed threads of charged air | Scienceclub.org – Grades 9-12, Use dry ice and an electrostatic generator to observe air streams and hi-speed air-threads.
• Evaluating Benfords Law | Education.com – Grades 9-12, In this project, students investigate the applicability of  Benford’s Law to many sets of everyday data, such as lists of country populations, utility bills or the distance of various stars from earth.
• Patterns in J.S. Bach | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Determine the mathematical patterns in JS Bach’s two-movement preludes and fugues.
• Raw vs. Cooked Foods | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Do raw foods contain more calories than cooked foods? Use a bomb calorimeter to measure and calculate the amount of energy (calories) within various foods, ignite food samples, calculate the change in temperature.
• Chemistry of Ice-Cream Making | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 9-12, Test how the addition of salt and other substances to water affects the freezing point of the water-based solution. Is rock salt and ice the best combination for freezing ice cream?
• Water to Fuel to Water | ScienceBuddies.org Grades 9-12, Examine the possibilities for water as part of the fuel cycle for the future. How efficient is a cobalt-based catalyst at helping to form molecular oxygen?
• Levitating with Eddy Currents! | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 9-12, Build your own maglev (magnetic levitation) system and demonstrate how eddy currents work.
• Does Your Cell Phone Leak? | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 9-12, Measure cell phone radiation from several distances when making a call and when texting.
• Lighthouse Redesign | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Old lighthouses have historical significance.  Give them a new life with a modern interior redesign.
• Lights and Sounds of Logic | Illinois Institute of Technology – Grades 9-12, Digital electronics such as smartphones and computers work by embedded logic. Use circuits that light up and make a sound to show how this basic logic works.
• Oregametry | Education.com – Grades 9-12, Use the mathematics of paper folding to learn the practical applications of particular origami folding techniques. Create your own origami or make modifications to existing designs.  Origami Sightings has some mind-blowing applications of origami concepts.
• Extracting Heat Energy from a Compost Pile | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 9-12, Use your bananas peels, newspapers, leaves, and coffee grounds to create compost. Find out if enough energy is generated from the compost to heat water.
• Do Hurricanes Cool the Ocean? | Sciencebuddies.org – Grades 9-12, Collect data on hurricane strength and sea surface temperature to determine if cooling occurs and if it can be measured with the passing of a hurricane.
• How Earth’s Wobble Affects the Rotation of Earth | Education.com – Grades 9-12, The purpose of this project is to determine if there are fluctuations in the rising and the setting of the sun and the position of the earth as it rotates. You’ll record observations over three months.

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10th Grade Science Projects: Model Building, Farming, Experiments, And Investigations

March 20, 2024 //  by  Sharayah Lynn Grattan

It’s tenth grade and things are getting serious now in the science department! Tenth-grade science projects can include working with the periodic table, atomic theory, radiation, chemical bonds, and many more complex and reactive concepts. The fair is the time for your kids to show off everything they’ve learned, impress their classmates and teachers, and possibly win the grand prize! We’ve come up with this amazing list of science projects with the most explosive and energetic ideas to inspire your kids to get their mad scientist vibes on! Read on and see which ones will be show-stoppers at your next fair!

1. Groovy Airplane

Did you know that the dimples on the outside of a golf ball actually make it more aerodynamic? What if we added grooves like that on airplane wings? Have your kids make their own miniature airplane with a wooden frame and airfoils. Get them to add dimples in the wings that mimic those in a golf ball, and take it out for a flight. They can record their results and see if their hypothesis is correct!

Learn More: Google Science Fair

2. Alginate Farming

With environmental issues such as droughts and land shortages on the rise, a biological fair project is a great option! Alginate in gel form helps control the water-release rate, conserving water and distributing it with less evaporation to help in places where there is drought. Challenge your students to experiment with this substance in a plant bed to see its impact on seedling germination.

3. Density of Vegetables

This simple science experiment is straightforward and will have your kids determine the density of various fruits and veggies. Have them pick up some of their favorites, a pan, a jar, and a stove burner, and get testing. They’ll fill the jar with water and then put it into the pan. Next, they can place their veggie/fruit in the jar and see if it sinks or floats and record the correlation between density, by measuring the volume of displaced water.

Learn More: Education

4. Cardboard Solar Lamp

Inspire your renewable energy engineers of the future! This science project uses recycled cardboard and a few other basic art supplies, as well as some electronic parts to harness the power of solar energy and create a lantern! The final product should be chargeable by the sun, as well as rechargeable with an electrical adapter.

Learn More: Instructables

5. Wet and Dry Worms

This is some science for kids who like creepy crawlers! It’s very simple to set up using basic materials: a pot of wet soil, a pot of dry soil, and some worms. Instruct your kids to put the same amount of worms in each pot, then watch and record their tunneling patterns to see if one soil type is easier to maneuver through than the other.

Learn More: Science Buddies

6. Bottle Rockets

This is one of those classic science experiments that always makes an impact. Task your little scientists to build a homemade bottle rocket using STEM concepts as well as some common household ingredients like colored vinegar and baking soda. They’ll follow the instructions for assembly and get creative with the decoration, then it’s time to stand back and launch!

Learn More: Steam Powered Family

7. Fight Back Against Germs

If your kids are interested in microbiology and how soap can fight off germs, then this is the project for them! They’ll only need four simple ingredients; a tray, water, soap, and glitter. The glitter will act like “germs”, so when the water and dish soap combine, the glitter moves away from the soap! It’s the perfect demonstration to help them explain how important soap is in fighting infections!

Learn More: Living Life And Learning

8. Cell Phone Radiation

This one might make your kids think twice about how long they spend on their phones! In this science fair experiment, they’ll measure cell phone radiation to see if the energy transfer is at levels dangerous to humans. They can use an RF meter to test fair-goers’ smartphones and other electronic devices to see which emits the most radiation! 

Learn More: Bakers Field

9. Fuel-less Cars

Your tenth-grade students are probably starting to learn how to drive and are all about cars! This means it’s the perfect time for them to test out electric forms of travel and see if we can engineer more environmentally safe means of travel for the future. To get started on this engineering challenge your kids will need some materials that can be easily found at a hardware store! Have them follow the instructions and see if their electric car can go!

Learn More: YouTube

10. How Different Drinks Affect Your Bladder

This experiment is not for the faint-hearted! Your kids will try out different drinks and measure the effects that each one has on their bladder! They’ll set a time limit to finish their drink (some options are bottled water, coffee, Gatorade, or juice) and then measure how much urine is produced in the set period that follows. Let your kids be as creative as they with what liquids they choose to test! 

Learn More: Steemit

11. Speed of Light: Air vs. Water

Measure if the speed of light is affected by the medium it’s traveling through! Your kids will try out a whole host of different materials and use some special equipment to measure just how quickly the light reaches the other side. This physics-based experiment is perfect for your tenth-graders who like a bit of a challenge!

12. The Power of Citrus

This cool science experiment uses some of your kids’ favorite foods, fruit! Pick up a variety of fruits from your local market, including some citrus ones, and let your students hook them up to an LED light with a multimeter to see which fruit produces the most electricity! Let them make predictions about which fruit works as the best power source for the light!

Learn More: Go Science Girls

13. Homerun Hitters

Do you have any baseball fans? They’ll love this science fair project which involves watching baseball games and collecting data on the different players’ streaks and slumps! Many sports fans and commentators talk about streaks in baseball when a player is consistently doing well and is unlikely to mess up. Is this possible to predict or are these coincidences? Let them use the scientific method to find out!

Learn More: Pinterest

14. Ocean Currents

Do a deep dive into the ocean with this project idea. Your learners will use food coloring to make colored water to demonstrate how ocean currents move! Instruct them to set up a dish with iced water to replicate the ocean- they could even add a few whales and other sea creatures too! Then have them show the effects of adding warmer water into their ice-cold oceans and wow fair-goers as the currents are revealed! 

Learn More: Life Over CS

15. Bird Beak Investigations

Why do birds have beaks, and why are they all different shapes and sizes? For this simple science experiment, you will need a few types of materials that behave like the beaks of different bird species. Spoons, straws, chopsticks for the beaks, some liquids, and small objects mimicking the food. Use the imitation beaks and try to pick up various possible bird foods to see which work best and give reasons why.

Learn More: Adventures in Mommydom

16. Wind-Powered Energy

Does your class have a passion for renewable energy? Challenge them to construct their own windmill to see how kinetic energy works! Using some basic craft supplies and recycled materials they can build their own working windmill! This project is sure to show off their engineering mindset and construction abilities; it might even win them the tenth-grader prize!

17. Moon Phases

This edible earth science experiment can use everyday foods, they just have to be round. This example uses Oreos, but your budding astronomers can use crackers, veggie slices, or whatever floats your boat! They’ll impress their classmates with a detailed explanation of the moon phases and as an added bonus, have some delicious food samples to try and win over the judges with!

Learn More: Optics Central

18. Room Heater

This ingenious tenth-grade science project can be done in a classroom lab or at home. Your savvy students will be able to explain how energy conversion works while lowering utility bills! This engineering project can be a little difficult to assemble and requires some specialist parts that you’ll need to source for them. Your kids may need a little help, but the final project will be a real contender to win the fair for sure!

Learn More: Pak Science Club

19. Natural Antibiotics vs. Synthetic Antibiotics

When it comes to antibiotics, are manmade versions better than naturally occurring ones? Your kiddos will be able to answer this question once they’ve presented this science project! They’ll put both antibiotics into Petri dishes with some E. coli bacterium and see which kills the bad bacteria the quickest! Which do you think will win out?

20. Analyzing Air Quality

This project will have your students test the air quality. They can conduct the experiment inside or outside and they will only need a few materials to test and then record their findings. They’ll smear some petroleum jelly onto some graph paper and then leave it in the area they want to test. After a while, have them retrieve their paper and examine the results! 

21. What Causes Iron to Rust?

Did you know that rust is actually the result of a chemical reaction? Let them experiment with this form of corrosion by putting nails in different conditions, such as dry, wet, air-free, and salty, and compare them after three days to see which ones have rusted!

Learn More: Royal Society Of Chemistry

22. Effect of Acid Rain on Plants

Your students will learn about acid rain with this next experiment. Task them with using bean seeds, soil, vinegar, water, pH paper, and some other simple materials to figure out how acid rain negatively affects plants. Afterward, you can have them discuss pollution and how we can do our part to protect the environment.

Learn More: Study

23. Exploring Groundwater

Take your tenth-graders’ learning to the ground! Challenge them to explore how porosity and permeability work with this fun experiment that investigates the way soil absorbs groundwater and how it can change depending on certain conditions. They can replicate different soil conditions using differently sized gravel, then add water to see how fast it makes its way through!

Learn More: NOAA

24. Identifying Rocks

Have you ever wondered about the different types of rocks? I know I have! Give your kiddies the chance to get hands-on and explore rocks with this project. They’ll use a steel nail to scratch the rocks and use the provided scale to determine how hard or soft the rock is. Why not have them present their findings at the next science fair?

Learn More: Teach Beside Me

25. DIY Tin Can Planters

You don’t have to have a green thumb to create your own tin can planters! This is a super way to show your learners the benefits of repurposing and sustainability as they put their planters together. You could even have them get creative and paint their own planters!

Learn More: Youth Sustainability

26. DIY Rain Gauge

If you’ve got a topic coming up around weather then this project will be a great fit! Test your kids’ ingenuity by having them build their own rain gauge from recycled materials and then put it outside to collect the rainwater. It’s then up to them to track how much rainwater they collect over a set time and compare it with their peers!

27. Seasons Experiment

Open your tenth graders’ eyes to how the tilting of our planet affects the sunlight hours and creates the seasons. Invite your kids to discuss their favorite seasons and the key differences between each one as they work! Be sure to have a flashlight on hand for this fun experiment.

Learn More: Scientific American

28. Tornado in a Jar

Never mind a storm in a teacup, here’s a tornado in a jar! This is a quick experiment that can answer some questions your students may have about tornadoes! Direct your learners to Kids fill up a jar with water, add some dish soap and food coloring, and then put the lid back on. Next, have them swirl the jar in a circular motion to form the tornado. What a fun way to introduce them to the forces at play in this weather phenomenon!

Learn More: One Little Project

29. Making a Volcano

Take the classic volcano experiment to the next level with this project! After each eruption of their baking soda and vinegar volcanoes, have your kids draw around the lava flow. Mop up the liquid then use Play-Doh to mold the lava flow. Reset the volcano and go again, and again! Each time, use a new color of Play-Doh until you have a fully formed volcano! Cool, right?

Learn More: NASA

30. Exploring Light

Teach your teens about the properties of light with this interesting project. They’ll explore how a rainbow is formed, how light affects security systems, and learn about radiation! This resource includes worksheets and reference sheets that they can use to guide them through completing the project. They’ll just need a flashlight and a few other easy-to-find materials to get started with.

Learn More: Teach Engineering

31. Rock Candy Crystals

Your high schoolers will be enchanted with this fun project where they can grow their own crystals that they can even eat! They’ll mix up a sugar and water solution with some hot water, then follow the instructions to dip their string or stick into the solution then leave the crystals to form! 

Learn More: Science Fun

32. Soil Erosion

Explore the science of soil erosion with your teens! Challenge your kiddies to put together a working model that will show the process of soil erosion when they add water to demonstrate rainfall. As they watch the effect that the water has on buildings and greenery, you can encourage them to compare results and consider the real-world implications of this!

33. Layers of the Earth

This science-fair-worthy project helps your kids learn all about the layers of the earth. Let their creativity shine as you leave it up to them to decide if they want to construct a 3D model or simply design an educational project. Whatever they choose, you can encourage them to label each layer from the core to the crust to show that they know their stuff!

Learn More: Building A Classroom Of Ideas

34. Making Magnetic Ferrofluid

There’s just no question about it; ferrofluid is so cool! Your kiddos will love getting the chance to make their own ferrofluid, which is a fluid that contains magnetic shavings. All they’ll need to do is mix some magnetic inc with household oil, and then they’re ready to hold a magnet up to their mixing cup and watch the mixture turn from liquid to solid!

35. Compost Cups

Your students will learn about the process of decomposition with this next science project. Get them to put together their own compost cups by collecting some leaves, and placing them in a plastic cup. They’ll then seal up the cups and leave them in a warm, sunny spot and be able to check in on them as their compost starts to form! This project is a great way for them to see how natural items are broken down and returned to soil form!

Learn More: The Happy Housewife

36. Homemade Weather Station

Calling all budding meteorologists! Dive into the world of weather by having your kiddies make their own weather stations to measure rainfall, temperature, and the direction and speed of wind. They’ll use easy-to-find materials to build their stations and can record their observations on the printable worksheet included.

37. Seed Germination Experiment

This amazing high school biology lesson pack is a super resource! Using the resources provided, you’ll teach your kids about the conditions that seeds need to grow into healthy plants, such as soil type, water, and sunlight. Provide your kids the physical resources like seeds and soil, and let them use the digital notebook in this pack to keep them right and record their results!

Learn More: Teachers Pay Teachers

38. The Dirty Water Project

For the dirty water project, your students will work in teams to learn more about water pollution and solutions. They’ll need to act as problem solvers, as their job is to remove the pollutants from the water through filtration and aeration. They’ll test out a variety of methods and will write down the data they collect with their partners on which is most effective.

39. Chemical Reactions

Get the safety goggles ready for this fun experiment with Alka-Seltzer. Let your little scientists compare the rate of chemical reactions under normal pressure and high pressure using different temperatures of water and Alka-Seltzer fizzing tablets. Encourage your class to make predictions and then put them to the test!

Learn More: Alka-Seltzer

40. Elephant Toothpaste

What list of science projects would be fully complete without the amazing elephant toothpaste experiment? Making elephant toothpaste is an extremely fun and exciting activity for your tenth-grade science students. Under your supervision, they’ll use high-volume hydrogen peroxide, dish soap, food coloring, water, and active dry yeast, to create a foam that looks like a very large burst of toothpaste! 

41. Build a Working Robot

Robots make great science projects! Your students will love the challenge of learning to build and code their own robots! These kits are a little expensive, ranging from $50-$100, but if your department is looking for a new great resource, this could be the answer. It will challenge your kids on everything from the digital aspect to more physical problems like balancing their bot so that it doesn’t fall over! 

42. Testing for Starch in Leaves

Explore photosynthesis with your high schoolers! They’ll use boiling water and ethanol to extract chlorophyll from plant cells and then use iodine to test for starch. This is if the indicator changes color, then they’ll know that photosynthesis has taken place. They’ll find it super interesting to see how the leaves change colors!

Learn More: Emma the Teachie

43. Hydrophobic Sand

Hydrophobic sand is sand that doesn’t get wet, even when it encounters water! Let your kiddies learn about the scientific concept behind this phenomenon while working on this science project! They’ll need colored sand, water, a water-repellant fabric protector, a disposable plate, a fan, a plastic spoon, and a cup to get started with this fascinating project!

44. Solar Oven

This solar oven is a fantastic project for tenth graders! They’ll demonstrate how the sunlight can provide enough power and heat to actually cook food! Materials used in this project include a cardboard box, foil, thermometer, black construction paper, and other basic household items. 

Learn More: Jennifer Findley  

45. Electrolysis of Water Experiment

What exactly are electrolytes? During this experiment, your science students will learn all about them and how they affect electrical currents! You’ll need test tubes, a small plastic cup, pushpins, and a battery, then your kids are all set to compare the electrolytes in distilled water, tap water, baking soda, lemon, salt, and dishwashing detergent. Don’t forget to have them record their observations to discuss later!

46. Density Tower

Create a density rainbow! Let your kiddies use different solutions with varying densities to create a tower with nine distinct layers. They can use simple kitchen items like honey, milk, water, vegetable oil, maple syrup, and more. Once the tower is in place, have them drop various items in the tower to see if they sink or float. 

Learn More: Wonder How To

47. Freeze Water Instantly

In this project, your pupils will learn how supercooled water can turn into ice in an instant through nucleation. You can supercool your water by placing it in a freezer for around two hours, then pour it onto an ice cube and watch the magic happen! This project is guaranteed to amaze your kiddos and have them wanting to learn more about nucleation

Learn More: Only Passionate Curiosity

48. What Makes Popcorn Pop?

Your students may be surprised to learn about the science involved in making popcorn! During this project, they’ll observe and compare different brands of popcorn, recording the number of kernels popped and unpopped, how moisture affects the ability to pop, and other interesting variables. The best part is, they can eat the popcorn once they’ve finished making their scientific observations!

Learn More: Popcorn

49. Ice Cube vs. Water

Can a thin piece of wire and two bottles of water cut through an ice cube? Your science students are going to find out! They’ll use a thin wire and weigh it down with a bottle of water tied to each end, placing the wire onto an ice cube. Spoiler alert: it does work! They’ll be amazed to see the wire cut through the ice cube with the right conditions!

Learn More: KiwiCo

50. Heart Pump Model

This heart pump model makes for an excellent science fair project for your tenth-grade biology students. They’ll put together their model using plastic bottles, bendy straws, balloons, and some other simple materials to demonstrate how the heart pumps blood throughout the body. They’re sure to gain a whole new appreciation of their hard-working hearts after completing this project!

Learn More: Tina’s Dynamic Homeschool Plus

51. Vitamin C Content in Fruit Juices

How much vitamin C does a glass of orange juice contain? Have your kiddos test different fruit juices to figure out how much vitamin C each one has! They’ll use a DCPIP solution as their indicator and will drip the fruit juice into it slowly, shutting it off as soon as the solution loses its blue color. They can then measure how much of each juice was required to change the color of the indicator and compare!

Learn More: Snap Biology

52. Apple Oxidation

Test out different methods of preservation with this simple experiment! Have your kids place apple slices in different solutions to see how they affect each one. They can set up a control (i.e. an apple not dipped in anything) and use this as their comparison. The results of what helps to preserve the apple and stop it from turning brown might be surprising!

Learn More: Jennifer Findley

53. Slime Science

Kids never tire of playing with slime, so they’ll be thrilled when you announce that their next science project is all about the science of slime! Have them work through this list of slime recipes and observe how different chemical makeups create different textures of slime! They’ll love making and playing with different samples and recording observations of the differences!

Learn More: Hess Unacademy

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• School Education /

21 Easy Topics for Science Projects for Class 10 Students

• Updated on  
• Jan 30, 2024

Science becomes engaging and attractive when you participate in projects that provide hands-on experiences and encourage you to tickle your creativity. Furthermore, working on science projects helps you become analytical and acquire problem-solving skills. Also, when you build a project from scratch and observe all the developments over time, you discover how to find answers through experimentation and research. If you are a 10th-grade student who wants to leverage all these benefits, then you should go through the list of Science projects for Class 10 students mentioned in the blog. 

Table of Contents

• 1.1 1. Simple Pendulum Project
• 1.2 2. Ohm’s Law Verification Project
• 1.3 3. Sound Waves and Frequency Relationship Investigation
• 2.1 1. pH Levels in Household Products Calculation
• 2.2 2. Rust Formation and Prevention Experiment
• 2.3 3. Chemical Reactions in Cooking
• 3.1 1. Microorganisms in Food Spoilage
• 3.2 2. Photosynthesis and Light Intensity Project
• 3.3 3. Genetic Variation in Plants Project
• 4 Other 12 Ideas for Science Projects for Class 10 Students

Also Read: 16 Easy Topics for Science Projects for Class 7 Students

Science Projects for Class 10: Physics

You can learn all concepts of the Physics Class 10 syllabus through experiments, projects, and models as these give you a practical understanding of theoretical concepts. To help you in this endeavour, we have enlisted some ideas for Science projects for Class 10 here. Experiment and explore!!

1. Simple Pendulum Project

To conduct a simple pendulum experiment, suspend a mass from a rigid support, measure the length, and determine the displacement angle. Thereafter, record the time it takes for one complete oscillation as the period. You have to repeat the experiment at different heights. Now, analyse the data to explore the relationship between pendulum length and period. You need to ensure safety measures and keep swings small for accurate results.

 This classic physics experiment helps us understand periodic motion. Also, it helps us learn about the factors that affect periodic motion. 

2. Ohm’s Law Verification Project

To verify Ohm’s Law, you need to set up a simple circuit with a power source, an ammeter, a voltmeter, and resistors of varying values. In the circuit, connect the components in series. After that, record current and voltage readings at different resistor values. According to Ohm’s Law (V=IR), the voltage (V) should be directly proportional to the current (I) across the resistor, validating its linear relationship. Therefore, you have to use a range of resistances to observe consistent results to verify the law.

Therefore, this experiment will help you understand and apply the fundamental relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.

3. Sound Waves and Frequency Relationship Investigation

To identify the relationship between sound wave frequency and pitch, you can use tuning forks and a frequency counter. Start by striking the tuning fork. Now, place the tuning fork near the frequency counter’s microphone. Thereafter, record the frequency displayed on the counter. You must repeat the process with tuning forks of varying sizes. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitch. 

This experiment demonstrates the direct connection between sound wave frequency and perceived pitch. This connection explains the principle that higher frequencies result in higher-pitched sounds. Therefore, the project provides a hands-on experience for you to understand the concept of how frequency influences the auditory perception of pitch.

Also Read: Physics Project for Class 12: Top 50 Ideas & Experiments

Science Projects for Class 10: Chemistry

In this section, we have some common topics for Science Projects for Class 10 to enable you to understand Chemistry better. Create and conquer!!

1. pH Levels in Household Products Calculation

To test pH levels in household items at school, you need to gather samples of cleaning products, beverages, and fruits. Use pH strips or a pH meter, available in science supply stores. Now, dip the strips into the liquid samples or immerse the pH meter probe, then compare the colour change on the strips or the numerical reading on the meter with a pH scale. 

This simple experiment will help you understand acidity and alkalinity, which is an essential topic of Class 10 Chemistry.

2. Rust Formation and Prevention Experiment

For this Chemistry project, start by exposing metal samples to different conditions, such as moisture, salt, and air. For a successful experiment, you need to observe and document rust development over time. Whereas, for rust prevention apply various protective coatings like paint, oil, or corrosion-resistant substances. Now, compare the effectiveness of each method by measuring rust accumulation. 

This Science project will help you learn about the impact of environmental factors on metal corrosion and explore practical methods for rust prevention. This will, in turn, help you equip yourself with an expanded knowledge of material science. 

3. Chemical Reactions in Cooking

You can create a science project on chemical reactions in cooking by selecting recipes with noticeable reactions, like baking a cake or making bread. Thereafter, identify key ingredients transforming, such as leavening agents, acids, or yeast. As you witness the changes, document the alterations in texture, colour, and taste as indicators of chemical reactions. For this, you need to use scientific methods to measure variables and explain the science behind culinary transformations.

Now, showcase your project with visuals, data analysis, and explanations to highlight the correlation between chemical reactions. 

Also Read: Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12 with Free Samples

Science Projects for Class 10: Biology

Furthermore, you have some easy topics for Science projects for Class 10 that will help you witness key concepts of Biology. Construct and crush!!

1. Microorganisms in Food Spoilage

To explore microorganisms in food spoilage, collect various perishable items and expose them to different environmental conditions. Now, monitor changes in smell, texture, and appearance over time. Further, you can use sterile swabs to take samples and cultivate microorganisms on agar plates. Identify and analyze the types of bacteria, moulds, and yeast present. Thereafter, introduce factors like temperature, moisture, and preservatives to observe their impact on microbial growth. 

Through this experiment, you will explore how external factors influence the penetration of microorganisms. 

2. Photosynthesis and Light Intensity Project

For this Science project, you need to set up a controlled experiment with potted plants. You must place them at varying distances from a light source to ensure that temperature and water availability remain constant. Now, measure oxygen production or carbon dioxide absorption to affirm the photosynthesis process. You should record data over time to create a graph depicting the relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis.

With this experiment, you will discover how light influences the rate of photosynthesis. By gaining practical knowledge of photosynthesis, you will be able to have a better understanding of plant biology and environmental factors. 

3. Genetic Variation in Plants Project

Start by collecting seeds or plant cuttings from different sources. Thereafter, plant and cultivate these plants under identical conditions to eliminate external factors. Now, you have to observe variations in traits such as height, leaf shape, or flower color. Also, analyze the genetic basis using techniques like genetic markers. These findings will help you to highlight the impact of genetics on plant variation. 

Thus, the project offers an opportunity to understand and embrace the biodiversity around us. It will also enable you to learn about the fundamentals of genetic principles. 

Also Read: Biology Project for Class 11: Top 50 Ideas & Experiments

Other 12 Ideas for Science Projects for Class 10 Students

1. Electricity generation from lemon

2. Motion sensor experiment

3. Water purification methods

4. Chemical kinetics

5. Effect of temperature on enzyme 

6. Human reflexes

7. Effect of music on plant growth

8. Solar water heater

9. Acid-base titration

10. Microbial analysis of water sources

11. Electromagnet

12. Simple electric motor

Also Read: 18 Interesting Science Experiments for Class 6 at Home

Ans: Here are some easy project ideas: 1. Electricity generation from lemon 2. Motion sensor experiment 3. Water purification methods 4. Chemical kinetics 5. Effect of temperature on enzyme 

Ans: Here are some project ideas: 1. Simple Pendulum Project 2. Ohm’s Law Verification Project 3. Sound Waves and Frequency Relationship Investigation

Ans: Here are Chemistry project ideas: 1. Microorganisms in Food Spoilage 2. Photosynthesis and Light Intensity Project 3. Genetic Variation in Plants Project

Related Reads:

For interesting project ideas and more on Class 10 Science Notes, follow the school education page of Leverage Edu now!!

Ankita Singh

Ankita is a history enthusiast with a few years of experience in academic writing. Her love for literature and history helps her curate engaging and informative content for education blog. When not writing, she finds peace in analysing historical and political anectodes.

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10th Grade Science Projects: Ideas for a Winning Entry

Are you a 10th-grade student on the hunt for an exciting and impressive science project idea? You’ve come to the right place! In this guide, we’ll explore a range of engaging class 10 science project topics, spanning biology, chemistry, and physics. Whether you’re passionate about life sciences or prefer the mysteries of the physical world, we have science project ideas for class 10 that will spark your curiosity and impress your teachers.

Science Project Ideas for Class 10

When it comes to 10th-grade science projects, the possibilities are endless. Here are some intriguing science project ideas to consider:

Biology Projects for Class 10

• Investigate Plant Growth : Explore how different factors, such as light, water, and soil type, affect the growth of plants. You can design experiments to discover what plants need to thrive.
• Study Microorganisms : Delve into the microscopic world by investigating various microorganisms found in your environment. You can collect samples from different sources and analyze their characteristics.
• Explore Human Anatomy : Create a model or presentation that explores a specific aspect of human anatomy, such as the cardiovascular system, skeletal structure, or digestive system.

Chemistry Projects for Class 10

• Investigate Chemical Reactions : Choose a chemical reaction and conduct experiments to understand the factors that influence the rate of reaction. You can explore concepts like catalysts, temperature, and concentration.
• Analyze Household Chemicals : Test common household chemicals to determine their pH levels and chemical properties. This project can enhance your understanding of everyday substances.
• Create a Crystal Garden: Grow crystals using household materials. Experiment with different crystal-forming solutions and observe the fascinating crystal structures that emerge.

Physics Projects for Class 10

• Study the Physics of Motion : Investigate concepts related to motion, velocity, and acceleration. You can design experiments using objects like toy cars or pendulums.
• Explore Electricity and Magnetism : Build simple circuits to explore the principles of electricity. Additionally, investigate the behavior of magnets and their applications.
• Investigate Light and Optics : Conduct experiments to understand how light behaves, including topics like refraction, reflection, and the formation of images.

Science Exhibition Ideas for Class 10

• Renewable Energy Sources : Create a model or presentation that highlights renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, or hydropower. Discuss their environmental impact and efficiency.
• Environmental Pollution : Investigate a local environmental issue, such as air pollution or water contamination. Propose solutions to address the problem and raise awareness.
• Space Exploration : Explore the wonders of the universe by researching celestial bodies, space missions, or the potential for human colonization of other planets.

Science Exhibition Working Models Ideas for Class 10

• Miniature Wind Turbine : Build a functional miniature wind turbine to demonstrate how wind energy can be harnessed to generate electricity. Calculate its efficiency.
• Water Filtration System : Design a model of a water filtration system that can purify contaminated water. Highlight its importance in providing clean drinking water.
• Solar Oven : Create a solar oven using simple materials to harness solar energy for cooking. Measure its ability to heat and cook food.

These science project ideas for class 10 are just the beginning of your scientific journey. Remember to choose a topic that genuinely interests you, as enthusiasm is the key to a successful project. As you embark on your exploration of the natural world, consider seeking guidance and resources from teachers, libraries, and online references.

Getting Started on Your Science Project

Now that you have several intriguing class 10 science project topics to consider, it’s time to get started. Here are some steps to guide you:

• Choose Your Topic: Select a project that aligns with your interests and aligns with your class curriculum.
• Research: Dive into books, online articles, and scientific journals to gather background information on your chosen topic.
• Plan Your Experiment: Design a clear and well-structured experiment or investigation. Create a detailed plan with variables, materials, and procedures.
• Gather Materials: Collect all the necessary materials and equipment for your experiment. Ensure you have everything in place before you begin.
• Conduct Experiments: Follow your experiment plan meticulously, recording observations and data accurately.
• Analyze Data: Use scientific methods to analyze your data and draw meaningful conclusions.
• Create Your Presentation: Organize your findings into a cohesive presentation or display board. Include clear visuals, charts, and diagrams to enhance your presentation.
• Practice Your Presentation: Practice presenting your project to friends, family, or teachers to refine your delivery and communication skills.
• Prepare for Questions: Anticipate questions that judges or viewers might ask and be ready with informed answers.
• Final Touches: Ensure that your project display is visually appealing and well-organized. Check for any spelling or grammatical errors in your written materials.
• Showcase Your Project: Participate in science exhibitions or school fairs to showcase your project. Be confident while presenting and share your enthusiasm with others.

Tips for a Winning Entry

Achieving success with your class 10 science project requires more than just a good idea. Here are some additional tips to make your entry stand out:

• Originality: Choose a unique angle or perspective for your project. Originality can captivate judges and viewers.
• Thoroughness: Ensure that your experiments are conducted meticulously, and data is collected with precision.
• Clarity: Present your findings and conclusions in a clear and understandable manner. Use visuals to simplify complex concepts.
• Creativity: Incorporate creative elements into your project to make it visually appealing and engaging.
• Relevance: Link your project to real-world issues or applications to demonstrate its significance.
• Time Management: Plan your project timeline wisely to avoid last-minute rushes.
• Seek Guidance: Don’t hesitate to seek guidance and feedback from teachers or mentors.
• Stay Curious: Maintain your curiosity throughout the project, and don’t be afraid to explore unexpected results.

Embarking on a 10th-grade science project is an exciting opportunity to explore your scientific curiosity and expand your knowledge. By choosing an intriguing topic, conducting thorough research, and following a structured approach, you can create a winning entry that showcases your skills and passion for science. Remember that science is all about discovery, so embrace the journey and enjoy the process of learning and experimentation.

If you’re interested in pursuing further studies in science or preparing for competitive exams, consider exploring Deeksha’s integrated coaching programs . Our holistic approach to education can provide you with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in your academic journey. Good luck with your science project, and may your discoveries shine brightly in the world of science!

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Biology Science Fair Projects for 10th Grade – Pique Your Students’ Interests

By the time that children reach 10th grade, they’ve usually begun to develop their own unique interests and academic preferences. That’s why we came up with a list of fun and engaging biology science fair projects for 10th grade students tailored towards a variety of different interests – whether your student is an environmental expert or a budding behaviorist, we’ve got you covered!

Related post: Simple Science Fair Projects for 3rd Grade

Environmental Experts

Does soil in your neighborhood contain high levels of lead.

Lead is a chemical element that occurs naturally in the environment including air, water, and soil. In large enough amounts, lead is also toxic to humans. While the government has made great efforts in the last several decades to reduce the amount of lead exposure among humans, lead still remains in our environments. Although lead generally occurs in low enough amounts that it does not negatively affect our health. 

In this project, students will be required to test lead levels in soil samples around their neighborhood or community. This is to determine if and where high levels of lead exist. To test soil samples, students will need a lead soil test kit. Kits can be purchased from the Carolina Biological Supply Company (item #181805). 

Before beginning the project, students should conduct background research into what levels of lead are considered safe and what levels are considered dangerous. Then, they can develop hypotheses regarding where they think the highest levels of lead will be found and what those levels will be. Finally, they can test soil samples taken from different areas in their neighborhood and compare their results to their original hypotheses.

Budding Behaviorists

Do betta fish habituate to repeated presentation of aggression-inducing stimuli.

This is a great project for a student who already has a betta fish as a pet, or for a student who has been begging to get one! For this project, all you need is a betta fish and a mirror. Betta fish can be purchased at your local pet store.

Betta fish are known to be aggressive fish, which is why they tend to be kept alone as pets. When these fish encounter another betta fish, they demonstrate an aggressive response. To experience this aggression response for yourself, you can place a mirror in front of a betta fish’s bowl to “trick” the fish into thinking it is looking at another fish. 

Many animals demonstrate a phenomenon known as habituation. Habituation refers to the reduction of a behavioral response to a stimulus following repeated presentations of that stimulus. For example, if I stand behind you and unexpectedly shout your name, you will likely demonstrate a startle response (e.g., jumping, screaming, or flinching). However, if I stand behind you and shout your name ten times in a row, by the tenth time, you will likely stop demonstrating a startle response. This process is known as habituation.

In this project, students are required to examine whether the betta fish demonstrates habituation to repeated exposure to a threatening stimulus by being presented with “another fish” by using a mirror.

For starters, students should come up with a set of testable hypotheses like the following: What do they think the aggressive response will look like? How many times can they place the mirror in front of the bowl until the betta fish stops showing aggressiveness? How long will habituation last if, for example, the fish habituates and then is left alone overnight? Will it demonstrate an aggressive response when the mirror is placed in front of the bowl again the following morning?

Does reaction time differ across genders? Does it differ across age groups?

This project is an easy one that requires a ruler. To test human reaction time, students should come in pairs. The “subject” will be tasked to hold his/her hand out with a gap between their thumb and index finger. The other should then hold a ruler above the gap in the subject’s hand with the “0” marking on the ruler lined up with the top of their hand. Then, the said student should drop the ruler without saying when they will drop it, and have the subject pinch their thumb and index finger together to catch the ruler. Take note of the number located at the top of the subject’s thumb. Now, t o get an average reaction time measure, the students should repeat this at least five times.

To calculate the reaction time, students will need to convert the numbers recorded from the ruler to reaction times using this table . Students can then get the results based on the trials they’ve gone through to calculate an average reaction time for the subject. After this, students can test females and males to determine if there are any differences in reaction time across genders. Alternatively, they can test people of different ages. 

Botany Buffs

How important are soil microorganisms for plant health.

For some of your students who have green thumbs, this science fair project will be perfect for them. In this project, they will need to examine the importance of microorganisms in plants by testing different rates of plant growth among plants grown in sterile versus non-sterile soil.

Heat is known to kill microorganisms in the soil. So keeping that in mind, students can then examine the importance of soil microorganisms by comparing growth among plants grown in soil that has been heat sterilized in the oven and soil that has not been heat sterilized. 

While the basic premise of this project is simple, it’ll also be a great opportunity for students to develop and test their own hypotheses. For example, students can test what temperature is most effective at killing microorganisms in the soil by placing different soil samples in the oven at different temperatures. Other possibilities include testing the effect of sterilization on different types of plants or adding other organisms, such as worms, to the soil. 

DNA Devotees

Which animals have their genomes sequenced.

Although hands-on experiments make for great science fair projects, secondary research can serve as an excellent low-budget alternative. Secondary research refers to compiling and summarizing already existing data – and all you need for it is a computer with internet access.

One interesting topic for secondary research is genome sequencing. Genome sequencing refers to the process of figuring out the order of all the thousands of nucleotides that make up an organism’s DNA.

For this project, students can gather information simply by searching through Google. Alternatively, the government also provides easily searchable databases containing a wealth of information on sequenced genomes. For example, the National Center for Biotechnology Information provides an easy-to-search genome sequence database .

To search this database, simply enter an animal’s common name (e.g. “dog”) and hit enter to search. Have your student put together a data table that includes genome sequencing details for each animal.

Frequently Asked Questions

I have budget restrictions. what projects can my student do for free.

Secondary research (described in the DNA section above) is a perfect no-cost option for a science fair project where your students would only need a computer with internet access. If they don’t have one at home, they can visit the school’s computer room or use the computers available local library (provided that their library has a makerspace ).

Mark is the driving force behind STEM Geek. With 20 years of experience in chemistry education and research, and 3 willing children as guinea pigs, Mark has a passion for inspiring kids and adults to combine fun and learning with STEM Toys!

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12 Award Winning Science Projects for 10th Graders

Published on march 8, 2018 at 7:58 am by sieni kimalainen in lists.

Here we are to find out which some award winning science projects for 10th graders are. If you’re out of ideas, we hope that you’ll pick something of the interest for you from the list.

So, you are a fresh high-schooler with huge ambitions, and science is the field you want to try yourself out. That’s great. But before considering award winning science fair projects for high school, you should first get some guidelines for conducting your project.

But if you already have experience from before, with award winning science fair projects for 9 th grade, then you can skip this introduction, because you are probably familiar with the topic. But, nevertheless, as the ancient Romans used to say – repetitio est mater studiorum (repetition is the mother of learning) it is not bad idea to go through it once more.

science photo/Shutterstock.com

Anyway, starting any science fair projects means thinking about it in general, and the first thing is, of course, choosing your field of interest, whether it is any particular field of biology, physics, earth sciences or whatever else. For a winning science project, you should also pay attention to current hot topics in science (if, you are not a genius which can think of something revolutionary, which is not impossible either). Such topics include environmental issues, health issues, resolving problems of pollution, food, but also some things that would make everyday life easier. Now when you have gotten your topic the first thing you should think about is making of a hypothesis: why you are doing this particular thing, why is it important, in which way does it help the science? A good and cogent hypothesis actually helps a lot; both with making your task clear to yourself and making it interesting and clear to the audience.

Next steps include (depending on the topic of course) preparing and making the experiment and/or gathering the data, analysis, and a conclusion or a resulting product in the end. Sounds easy, but it does not necessarily need to be (once again depending on the subject you have chosen). But, no need to worry, that’s why you have here examples of the award  winning science projects for 10 th graders that will be your guide for a good experimentation procedure and other steps of your project.

Anyway, from this very short introduction on the basics of scientific research, we go closer to our list. There were plenty of places where we got really interesting ideas on science projects, and the info on which the award winning science fair projects for 10 th graders are. These were, among others, Education , Science Project Resources , Julian’s Science Fair , All Science Projects , and   Home Science Tools (psst, if you are too lazy there are some last-minute fair project ideas you can check out on this website). It was a hard choice, in the end, making a proper list for the award winning science projects for 10 th graders, but from all the suggestions we have tried to pick the best ones and cover as much scientific fields as possible. But in the end, if you are going to win an award with your project or not, depends mostly on your effort. You can also check 10 Winning Science Fair Projects for High School for high school in general, not only for 10 th graders, including 11th grade science fair projects or science fair projects grade 12 for example.

And in the end just one more thing. These 10th grade science fair projects are project examples of already existing ones. Instead of copying them, you should rather use them as guidelines and ideas for something of your own and original. Think about them as an inspiration, and let’s see which those award winning science projects for 10 th graders are:

12. What is the better method of learning: reading or listening?

Field: psychology

This is an interesting topic that people often are puzzled about. And in the end, there are opinions that some people are just better at reading and observing while others are better learners by listening. Well, in this project you are going to debunk some myths.

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72 Easy Science Experiments Using Materials You Already Have On Hand

Because science doesn’t have to be complicated.

If there is one thing that is guaranteed to get your students excited, it’s a good science experiment! While some experiments require expensive lab equipment or dangerous chemicals, there are plenty of cool projects you can do with regular household items. We’ve rounded up a big collection of easy science experiments that anybody can try, and kids are going to love them!

Easy Chemistry Science Experiments

Easy physics science experiments, easy biology and environmental science experiments, easy engineering experiments and stem challenges.

1. Taste the Rainbow

Teach your students about diffusion while creating a beautiful and tasty rainbow! Tip: Have extra Skittles on hand so your class can eat a few!

Learn more: Skittles Diffusion

2. Crystallize sweet treats

Crystal science experiments teach kids about supersaturated solutions. This one is easy to do at home, and the results are absolutely delicious!

Learn more: Candy Crystals

3. Make a volcano erupt

This classic experiment demonstrates a chemical reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (acetic acid), which produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate.

Learn more: Best Volcano Experiments

4. Make elephant toothpaste

This fun project uses yeast and a hydrogen peroxide solution to create overflowing “elephant toothpaste.” Tip: Add an extra fun layer by having kids create toothpaste wrappers for plastic bottles.

5. Blow the biggest bubbles you can

Add a few simple ingredients to dish soap solution to create the largest bubbles you’ve ever seen! Kids learn about surface tension as they engineer these bubble-blowing wands.

Learn more: Giant Soap Bubbles

6. Demonstrate the “magic” leakproof bag

All you need is a zip-top plastic bag, sharp pencils, and water to blow your kids’ minds. Once they’re suitably impressed, teach them how the “trick” works by explaining the chemistry of polymers.

Learn more: Leakproof Bag

7. Use apple slices to learn about oxidation

Have students make predictions about what will happen to apple slices when immersed in different liquids, then put those predictions to the test. Have them record their observations.

Learn more: Apple Oxidation

8. Float a marker man

Their eyes will pop out of their heads when you “levitate” a stick figure right off the table! This experiment works due to the insolubility of dry-erase marker ink in water, combined with the lighter density of the ink.

Learn more: Floating Marker Man

9. Discover density with hot and cold water

There are a lot of easy science experiments you can do with density. This one is extremely simple, involving only hot and cold water and food coloring, but the visuals make it appealing and fun.

Learn more: Layered Water

10. Layer more liquids

This density demo is a little more complicated, but the effects are spectacular. Slowly layer liquids like honey, dish soap, water, and rubbing alcohol in a glass. Kids will be amazed when the liquids float one on top of the other like magic (except it is really science).

Learn more: Layered Liquids

11. Grow a carbon sugar snake

Easy science experiments can still have impressive results! This eye-popping chemical reaction demonstration only requires simple supplies like sugar, baking soda, and sand.

Learn more: Carbon Sugar Snake

12. Mix up some slime

Tell kids you’re going to make slime at home, and watch their eyes light up! There are a variety of ways to make slime, so try a few different recipes to find the one you like best.

13. Make homemade bouncy balls

These homemade bouncy balls are easy to make since all you need is glue, food coloring, borax powder, cornstarch, and warm water. You’ll want to store them inside a container like a plastic egg because they will flatten out over time.

Learn more: Make Your Own Bouncy Balls

14. Create eggshell chalk

Eggshells contain calcium, the same material that makes chalk. Grind them up and mix them with flour, water, and food coloring to make your very own sidewalk chalk.

Learn more: Eggshell Chalk

15. Make naked eggs

This is so cool! Use vinegar to dissolve the calcium carbonate in an eggshell to discover the membrane underneath that holds the egg together. Then, use the “naked” egg for another easy science experiment that demonstrates osmosis .

Learn more: Naked Egg Experiment

16. Turn milk into plastic

This sounds a lot more complicated than it is, but don’t be afraid to give it a try. Use simple kitchen supplies to create plastic polymers from plain old milk. Sculpt them into cool shapes when you’re done!

17. Test pH using cabbage

Teach kids about acids and bases without needing pH test strips! Simply boil some red cabbage and use the resulting water to test various substances—acids turn red and bases turn green.

Learn more: Cabbage pH

18. Clean some old coins

Use common household items to make old oxidized coins clean and shiny again in this simple chemistry experiment. Ask kids to predict (hypothesize) which will work best, then expand the learning by doing some research to explain the results.

Learn more: Cleaning Coins

19. Pull an egg into a bottle

This classic easy science experiment never fails to delight. Use the power of air pressure to suck a hard-boiled egg into a jar, no hands required.

Learn more: Egg in a Bottle

20. Blow up a balloon (without blowing)

Chances are good you probably did easy science experiments like this when you were in school. The baking soda and vinegar balloon experiment demonstrates the reactions between acids and bases when you fill a bottle with vinegar and a balloon with baking soda.

21 Assemble a DIY lava lamp

This 1970s trend is back—as an easy science experiment! This activity combines acid-base reactions with density for a totally groovy result.

22. Explore how sugary drinks affect teeth

The calcium content of eggshells makes them a great stand-in for teeth. Use eggs to explore how soda and juice can stain teeth and wear down the enamel. Expand your learning by trying different toothpaste-and-toothbrush combinations to see how effective they are.

Learn more: Sugar and Teeth Experiment

23. Mummify a hot dog

If your kids are fascinated by the Egyptians, they’ll love learning to mummify a hot dog! No need for canopic jars , just grab some baking soda and get started.

24. Extinguish flames with carbon dioxide

This is a fiery twist on acid-base experiments. Light a candle and talk about what fire needs in order to survive. Then, create an acid-base reaction and “pour” the carbon dioxide to extinguish the flame. The CO2 gas acts like a liquid, suffocating the fire.

25. Send secret messages with invisible ink

Turn your kids into secret agents! Write messages with a paintbrush dipped in lemon juice, then hold the paper over a heat source and watch the invisible become visible as oxidation goes to work.

Learn more: Invisible Ink

26. Create dancing popcorn

This is a fun version of the classic baking soda and vinegar experiment, perfect for the younger crowd. The bubbly mixture causes popcorn to dance around in the water.

27. Shoot a soda geyser sky-high

You’ve always wondered if this really works, so it’s time to find out for yourself! Kids will marvel at the chemical reaction that sends diet soda shooting high in the air when Mentos are added.

Learn more: Soda Explosion

28. Send a teabag flying

Hot air rises, and this experiment can prove it! You’ll want to supervise kids with fire, of course. For more safety, try this one outside.

Learn more: Flying Tea Bags

29. Create magic milk

This fun and easy science experiment demonstrates principles related to surface tension, molecular interactions, and fluid dynamics.

Learn more: Magic Milk Experiment

30. Watch the water rise

Learn about Charles’s Law with this simple experiment. As the candle burns, using up oxygen and heating the air in the glass, the water rises as if by magic.

Learn more: Rising Water

31. Learn about capillary action

Kids will be amazed as they watch the colored water move from glass to glass, and you’ll love the easy and inexpensive setup. Gather some water, paper towels, and food coloring to teach the scientific magic of capillary action.

Learn more: Capillary Action

32. Give a balloon a beard

Equally educational and fun, this experiment will teach kids about static electricity using everyday materials. Kids will undoubtedly get a kick out of creating beards on their balloon person!

Learn more: Static Electricity

33. Find your way with a DIY compass

Here’s an old classic that never fails to impress. Magnetize a needle, float it on the water’s surface, and it will always point north.

Learn more: DIY Compass

34. Crush a can using air pressure

Sure, it’s easy to crush a soda can with your bare hands, but what if you could do it without touching it at all? That’s the power of air pressure!

35. Tell time using the sun

While people use clocks or even phones to tell time today, there was a time when a sundial was the best means to do that. Kids will certainly get a kick out of creating their own sundials using everyday materials like cardboard and pencils.

Learn more: Make Your Own Sundial

36. Launch a balloon rocket

Grab balloons, string, straws, and tape, and launch rockets to learn about the laws of motion.

37. Make sparks with steel wool

All you need is steel wool and a 9-volt battery to perform this science demo that’s bound to make their eyes light up! Kids learn about chain reactions, chemical changes, and more.

Learn more: Steel Wool Electricity

38. Levitate a Ping-Pong ball

Kids will get a kick out of this experiment, which is really all about Bernoulli’s principle. You only need plastic bottles, bendy straws, and Ping-Pong balls to make the science magic happen.

39. Whip up a tornado in a bottle

There are plenty of versions of this classic experiment out there, but we love this one because it sparkles! Kids learn about a vortex and what it takes to create one.

Learn more: Tornado in a Bottle

40. Monitor air pressure with a DIY barometer

This simple but effective DIY science project teaches kids about air pressure and meteorology. They’ll have fun tracking and predicting the weather with their very own barometer.

Learn more: DIY Barometer

41. Peer through an ice magnifying glass

Students will certainly get a thrill out of seeing how an everyday object like a piece of ice can be used as a magnifying glass. Be sure to use purified or distilled water since tap water will have impurities in it that will cause distortion.

Learn more: Ice Magnifying Glass

42. String up some sticky ice

Can you lift an ice cube using just a piece of string? This quick experiment teaches you how. Use a little salt to melt the ice and then refreeze the ice with the string attached.

Learn more: Sticky Ice

43. “Flip” a drawing with water

Light refraction causes some really cool effects, and there are multiple easy science experiments you can do with it. This one uses refraction to “flip” a drawing; you can also try the famous “disappearing penny” trick .

Learn more: Light Refraction With Water

44. Color some flowers

We love how simple this project is to re-create since all you’ll need are some white carnations, food coloring, glasses, and water. The end result is just so beautiful!

45. Use glitter to fight germs

Everyone knows that glitter is just like germs—it gets everywhere and is so hard to get rid of! Use that to your advantage and show kids how soap fights glitter and germs.

Learn more: Glitter Germs

46. Re-create the water cycle in a bag

You can do so many easy science experiments with a simple zip-top bag. Fill one partway with water and set it on a sunny windowsill to see how the water evaporates up and eventually “rains” down.

Learn more: Water Cycle

47. Learn about plant transpiration

Your backyard is a terrific place for easy science experiments. Grab a plastic bag and rubber band to learn how plants get rid of excess water they don’t need, a process known as transpiration.

Learn more: Plant Transpiration

48. Clean up an oil spill

Before conducting this experiment, teach your students about engineers who solve environmental problems like oil spills. Then, have your students use provided materials to clean the oil spill from their oceans.

Learn more: Oil Spill

49. Construct a pair of model lungs

Kids get a better understanding of the respiratory system when they build model lungs using a plastic water bottle and some balloons. You can modify the experiment to demonstrate the effects of smoking too.

Learn more: Model Lungs

50. Experiment with limestone rocks

Kids  love to collect rocks, and there are plenty of easy science experiments you can do with them. In this one, pour vinegar over a rock to see if it bubbles. If it does, you’ve found limestone!

Learn more: Limestone Experiments

51. Turn a bottle into a rain gauge

All you need is a plastic bottle, a ruler, and a permanent marker to make your own rain gauge. Monitor your measurements and see how they stack up against meteorology reports in your area.

Learn more: DIY Rain Gauge

52. Build up towel mountains

This clever demonstration helps kids understand how some landforms are created. Use layers of towels to represent rock layers and boxes for continents. Then pu-u-u-sh and see what happens!

Learn more: Towel Mountains

53. Take a play dough core sample

Learn about the layers of the earth by building them out of Play-Doh, then take a core sample with a straw. ( Love Play-Doh? Get more learning ideas here. )

Learn more: Play Dough Core Sampling

54. Project the stars on your ceiling

Use the video lesson in the link below to learn why stars are only visible at night. Then create a DIY star projector to explore the concept hands-on.

Learn more: DIY Star Projector

55. Make it rain

Use shaving cream and food coloring to simulate clouds and rain. This is an easy science experiment little ones will beg to do over and over.

Learn more: Shaving Cream Rain

56. Blow up your fingerprint

This is such a cool (and easy!) way to look at fingerprint patterns. Inflate a balloon a bit, use some ink to put a fingerprint on it, then blow it up big to see your fingerprint in detail.

57. Snack on a DNA model

Twizzlers, gumdrops, and a few toothpicks are all you need to make this super-fun (and yummy!) DNA model.

Learn more: Edible DNA Model

58. Dissect a flower

Take a nature walk and find a flower or two. Then bring them home and take them apart to discover all the different parts of flowers.

59. Craft smartphone speakers

No Bluetooth speaker? No problem! Put together your own from paper cups and toilet paper tubes.

Learn more: Smartphone Speakers

60. Race a balloon-powered car

Kids will be amazed when they learn they can put together this awesome racer using cardboard and bottle-cap wheels. The balloon-powered “engine” is so much fun too.

Learn more: Balloon-Powered Car

61. Build a Ferris wheel

You’ve probably ridden on a Ferris wheel, but can you build one? Stock up on wood craft sticks and find out! Play around with different designs to see which one works best.

Learn more: Craft Stick Ferris Wheel

62. Design a phone stand

There are lots of ways to craft a DIY phone stand, which makes this a perfect creative-thinking STEM challenge.

63. Conduct an egg drop

Put all their engineering skills to the test with an egg drop! Challenge kids to build a container from stuff they find around the house that will protect an egg from a long fall (this is especially fun to do from upper-story windows).

Learn more: Egg Drop Challenge Ideas

64. Engineer a drinking-straw roller coaster

STEM challenges are always a hit with kids. We love this one, which only requires basic supplies like drinking straws.

Learn more: Straw Roller Coaster

65. Build a solar oven

Explore the power of the sun when you build your own solar ovens and use them to cook some yummy treats. This experiment takes a little more time and effort, but the results are always impressive. The link below has complete instructions.

Learn more: Solar Oven

66. Build a Da Vinci bridge

There are plenty of bridge-building experiments out there, but this one is unique. It’s inspired by Leonardo da Vinci’s 500-year-old self-supporting wooden bridge. Learn how to build it at the link, and expand your learning by exploring more about Da Vinci himself.

Learn more: Da Vinci Bridge

67. Step through an index card

This is one easy science experiment that never fails to astonish. With carefully placed scissor cuts on an index card, you can make a loop large enough to fit a (small) human body through! Kids will be wowed as they learn about surface area.

68. Stand on a pile of paper cups

Combine physics and engineering and challenge kids to create a paper cup structure that can support their weight. This is a cool project for aspiring architects.

Learn more: Paper Cup Stack

69. Test out parachutes

Gather a variety of materials (try tissues, handkerchiefs, plastic bags, etc.) and see which ones make the best parachutes. You can also find out how they’re affected by windy days or find out which ones work in the rain.

Learn more: Parachute Drop

70. Recycle newspapers into an engineering challenge

It’s amazing how a stack of newspapers can spark such creative engineering. Challenge kids to build a tower, support a book, or even build a chair using only newspaper and tape!

Learn more: Newspaper STEM Challenge

71. Use rubber bands to sound out acoustics

Explore the ways that sound waves are affected by what’s around them using a simple rubber band “guitar.” (Kids absolutely love playing with these!)

Learn more: Rubber Band Guitar

72. Assemble a better umbrella

Challenge students to engineer the best possible umbrella from various household supplies. Encourage them to plan, draw blueprints, and test their creations using the scientific method.

Learn more: Umbrella STEM Challenge

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40+ Easy Science Experiments For Students: Lots Of Great Ideas

Categories Activities & Ideas

Science is one of the most intriguing subjects to learn in school. It’s so varied and it can be a lot of fun for kids – especially when it comes to conducting science experiments. However, science experiments do not always have to be about beakers and bunsen burners. There are several ways that students can conduct easy science experiments, and it does not require a lot of resources or money to do so.

But what exactly are the options?

Well, if you are a teacher or a parent looking for easy science experiments for students, then we’ve got you covered. Our comprehensive list below shows you plenty of options that they can take part in.

So, if you’re ready to find out a lot more – then read on for lots of ideas!

Easy Science Experiments For Students! 

Without any further delays, let’s dive right into this list of some easy science experiments for students. We’re sure that your young minds will love some of these!

1. Dancing Pepper

Perhaps one of the most intriguing and fun experiments is the dancing pepper experiment. It shows kids how substances behave differently when placed on water in an effort to show how molecular behavior can differ with surface tension.

This can result in some things appearing to dance, so it’s a pretty fun experiment to observe! 

2. Colored Celery 

This is a pretty basic experiment but it can help to show kids how plants absorb water. You just need either celery or a white flower and some colored water. Once the celery is placed in the colored water, it can help kids to visualize how plants sustain themselves.

3. Dissolve Or Not?

This experiment can help teach kids about different solutions, but it’s more about showing kids the way to create their own hypotheses. For example, having six different substances and six different solutions, questioning whether it will dissolve and why they think so. 

4. Volcano (Baking Soda)

Every kid will have fond memories of this experiment. It’s a super fun and easy science experiment that shows how bases and acids react when they are in contact with one another, and it results in a miniature volcano! 

5. The Skittles Experiment 

This is a cool way to learn about diffusion. You simply need a packet of Skittles and observe what happens when each different color coating is exposed to shallow, cold or hot water. 

6. Burn The Bill 

Don’t panic, you won’t be burning any money with this experiment . It’s an easy way to teach kids about combustion, so you can use any paper item. 

7. Dr. Seuss’ Butter Experiment

Any fans of Dr. Seuss may recognize this experiment. You simply need to put heavy whipping cream into a tight jar and observe how the fat molecules clump together and form a butter product!

8. Liquids And Layers 

Using items that you can find in your pantry, this experiment can help to show kids how liquids have different densities and how they might operate.

9. Egg Crystal Geode 

Merging Springtime and Geology together, this is a fun experiment whereby kids can make their own geodes and learn about super-saturated solutions.

10. Make Rain In A Jar 

This quick and simple experiment can help to show students how rain occurs. As we know, rain is the result of warm, humid air converging with cold air in the upper atmosphere. 

So, using a jar and a plate, you can place ice and water into a jar and show kids how rain works by making your own in a jar! 

11. The Unpoppable Balloon 

Students will be intrigued by how you can put a sharp stick through a balloon and it won’t pop! It’s a quick and simple experiment that demonstrates polymers.

12. Float Or Sink?

This experiment is pretty basic but it’s quite important to learn. It can be conducted anywhere too, but it’s best during hot weather using a lake or river. 

Create a hypothesis with multiple items and question whether or not you believe certain items will sink or float. 

13. Make Your Own Sand 

Any kid will get a kick out of making their own sand ! The experiment doesn’t need too many resources or items, but it’s something you need to ensure before you start.

14. Make Your Own Barometer 

This experiment can help show kids how air pressure has an effect on the weather. The best way to do this is to build your own barometer! 

15. Create A Solar Oven

This is a quick and easy way to show students how radiant heat works. By harnessing its power, there are many things you can do! You just have to be careful.

16. The Sticky Ice Experiment 

It’s really fun to show students how salt has an effect on water and its freezing point. You need water, salt, and some string to carry this one out!

17. An Egg In A Bottle

Using a small bottle, some matches, and an egg, you can show your students how objects may react to adaptations in air pressure.

18. Make A CD Garden 

You’re certain to have some old CD cases around. If so, you can get kids involved in making their own CD case garden and observe the ways that plants grow!

19. The Gummy Worm Dance 

When an acidic liquid is mixed with a neutral solution, it’s possible for some things to react in hilarious ways that kids will love. Place a gummy worm in a jar and mix the solutions to watch your students laugh at the results.

20. Make A Green Penny 

If you have an old penny lying around, then why not test out this experiment , which takes about three days? It’s a cool way to learn about metal and chemical reactions , though! 

21. Soap Popcorn 

This experiment needs supervision from an adult, but it’s awesome to watch. Using Charles’ law, simply place a bar of soap in a microwave and watch how it expands as it heats up. 

22. The Cabbage PH Indicator 

Students can test out the PH levels of different liquids simply by using cabbage. It’s pretty simple to perform and it’s cool to watch.

23. Can Ice Grow?

This experiment needs to be followed step by step, but it’s really interesting to observe. With some basic steps, you can get your students to observe how ice might grow and form towers.

24. Paper Cup – The Strength In Numbers 

Using several paper cups and some cardboard sheets, this is an outdoor experiment that can help to demonstrate weight distribution and how paper cups can hold body weight when in numbers.

25. Separate Pepper And Salt 

Draw from the power of static electricity via a plastic spoon and show students how easy it is for matter to divide and separate – which can be shown with salt and pepper.

26. Fireworks In A Jar

At the right time of year, you can theme this experiment using oil, water, food coloring, and a jar. It’s a super fun project to help kids understand density – and the results are pretty! 

27. Water And Oil Discovery Bottles 

Most of us will be familiar with making water and oil discovery bottles from when we were kids, and it continues to be a super fun experiment for students today. All the bright colors are an awesome sensory experience for kids.

28. Color Mixing With Coffee Filters

This experiment is more for younger students, but it’s simple and effective. Using coffee filters, you can add liquids to watch how the filters absorb them and change colors, making mixes which make new colors.

29. Create Fizzy Lemonade 

A tasty experiment for the summer, this can help teach kids how mixing base liquids with acid creates a chemical reaction – but it results in something that you can enjoy at the end! 

30. Magic Milk 

This simple experiment needs a few items; milk, dish soap, and food coloring. This is a super colorful and fun thing to do and can help show kids how molecular behavior might work, how surface tension works, and a little bit about an object’s density.

31. Walking On Eggs 

Another experiment that can show the power of weight distribution is walking on eggs. Show your students how something so fragile can withstand body weight when in large numbers.

32. Create A Hydraulic Elevator 

This experiment sounds more complex than it actually is. You just need to use some sticks and large medicine droppers. It’s a classic experiment that many STEM teachers have used in the classroom before.

33. Demonstrate Inertia 

Newton’s first law of motion can be demonstrated pretty easily, and it’s never too early or too late to show students how it works! 

34. Grow Your Gummy Bears

When it comes to students and science, what better way to teach them than using candy ? Using all areas of the major sciences, you can turn little gummy bears into big gummy bears! 

35. The Disappearing Egg Shell

Students of all ages enjoy watching this experiment , and it’s helpful to show them the ways that chemical reactions operate.

36. Coca-Cola Tooth Experiment 

This is a classic experiment that can help show students the effects of sugary drinks on their teeth. When your students are young and losing their baby teeth, ask them to bring in a tooth and show them the horrible effects in a jar! 

37. Small Tornado In A Bottle

Most of us performed this experiment when we were students, and it’s super fun to keep it going with your own students. Demonstrating centripetal force by creating a water vortex in a bottle is awesome! 

38. Make A Bag Leak-Proof

Another experiment that demonstrates polymers, you need a plastic bag, some water, a sharp pencil, and some patience – and you can show kids the seemingly impossible!

39. Make A Non-Newtonian Fluid 

There are substances out there that get firmer when pressure is applied to them, and these are known as non-Newtonian fluids. It’s really intriguing to see how fluids can behave in such ways, so your students are bound to get a kick out of this.

40. Demonstrate Capillaries

You can show kids how our capillaries function using items you can find pretty much everywhere. It’s super cool and colorful and you’re bound to excite everyone with this in the classroom.

41. Make Candy Rock 

Students, candy, and rocks – they go hand in hand! Your students will love to create their own candy rock and watch as the rock crystals grow.

42. Make The Super Bubble

You can show students how to make a better version of bubble mixture to create much larger bubbles, called superbubbles! 

43. Frozen Vegetable Oil Paintings

Here’s another classic experiment that most kids have conducted when they were in the classroom. It’s a fun way to show kids how some liquids behave when they are frozen, and as vegetable oil behaves differently – you can make awesome paintings! 

44. Make An Ice Magnifying Glass 

This experiment is pretty simple, but we like to add something more fun to it. Once you have made your ice magnifying glass, show your students how glass behaves underwater by designing a real magnifying glass (do not allow them to do this though).

Glass under water can be cut and sliced in much different ways than above the surface, so you can easily create your own glass designs to show your students in a safe way.

45. Can Eggs Float?

Finally, on our list, we have the experiment that has shown students for years how eggs can float on water if salt is added to the liquid. It’s a simple way to explain density, and it’s always a good idea to bring in the Dead Sea example.

The Dead Sea is so salty that people can simply float on its surface, but it’s also deadly because if you turn around – it’s difficult to get your head out of the salty water! 

Things To Remember

There are always things you should remember when it comes to these sorts of experiments. Some are much more obvious than others, but it’s always important to ensure we’re on the same wavelength. These include the following.

Safety 

Conduct a health and safety risk assessment before you carry out any experiment, and always be aware of any safety equipment you and your students may need to wear. Be sure to take reasonable care with all of your experiments (and best to do a trial run first!).

Reinforce Learning 

It’s all fine and good demonstrating the experiments, but you must ensure that you reinforce the student’s learning by asking questions at the end of the lesson. It’s also wise to set some theoretical homework based on their practical experiment. 

Do Your Research 

It’s of course critical that you know exactly what you are doing before you show your students, but it’s also as important to know your students. For example, if an experiment is more tailored for younger students, do not try it for older kids.  You may also like: 1st grade science project ideas .

The Bottom Line 

And that’s our comprehensive list of the easiest science experiments that you can show students in the classroom, at home, or out in the field! We hope you have enjoyed our guide and you’ve found some amazing new experiments for your students! Good luck.

Top tip: Teach your students about the most famous inventors while they work on their own science experiments.

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37 Cool Science Experiments for Kids to Do at Home

General Education

Are you looking for cool science experiments for kids at home or for class? We've got you covered! We've compiled a list of 37 of the best science experiments for kids that cover areas of science ranging from outer space to dinosaurs to chemical reactions. By doing these easy science experiments, kids will make their own blubber and see how polar bears stay warm, make a rain cloud in a jar to observe how weather changes, create a potato battery that'll really power a lightbulb, and more.

Below are 37 of the best science projects for kids to try. For each one we include a description of the experiment, which area(s) of science it teaches kids about, how difficult it is (easy/medium/hard), how messy it is (low/medium/high), and the materials you need to do the project. Note that experiments labelled "hard" are definitely still doable; they just require more materials or time than most of these other science experiments for kids.

#1: Insect Hotels

• Teaches Kids About: Zoology
• Difficulty Level: Medium
• Messiness Level: Medium

Insect hotels can be as simple (just a few sticks wrapped in a bundle) or as elaborate as you'd like, and they're a great way for kids to get creative making the hotel and then get rewarded by seeing who has moved into the home they built. After creating a hotel with hiding places for bugs, place it outside (near a garden is often a good spot), wait a few days, then check it to see who has occupied the "rooms." You can also use a bug ID book or app to try and identify the visitors.

• Materials Needed
• Shadow box or other box with multiple compartments
• Hot glue gun with glue
• Sticks, bark, small rocks, dried leaves, bits of yarn/wool, etc.

#2: DIY Lava Lamp

• Teaches Kids About: Chemical reactions
• Difficulty Level: Easy

In this quick and fun science experiment, kids will mix water, oil, food coloring, and antacid tablets to create their own (temporary) lava lamp . Oil and water don't mix easily, and the antacid tablets will cause the oil to form little globules that are dyed by the food coloring. Just add the ingredients together and you'll end up with a homemade lava lamp!

• Vegetable oil
• Food coloring
• Antacid tablets

#3: Magnetic Slime

• Teaches Kids About: Magnets
• Messiness Level: High (The slime is black and will slightly dye your fingers when you play with it, but it washes off easily.)

A step up from silly putty and Play-Doh, magnetic slime is fun to play with but also teaches kids about magnets and how they attract and repel each other. Some of the ingredients you aren't likely to have around the house, but they can all be purchased online. After mixing the ingredients together, you can use the neodymium magnet (regular magnets won't be strong enough) to make the magnetic slime move without touching it!

• Liquid starch
• Adhesive glue
• Iron oxide powder
• Neodymium (rare earth) magnet

#4: Baking Soda Volcanoes

• Teaches Kids About: Chemical reactions, earth science
• Difficulty Level: Easy-medium
• Messiness Level: High

Baking soda volcanoes are one of the classic science projects for kids, and they're also one of the most popular. It's hard to top the excitement of a volcano erupting inside your home. This experiment can also be as simple or in-depth as you like. For the eruption, all you need is baking soda and vinegar (dishwashing detergent adds some extra power to the eruption), but you can make the "volcano" as elaborate and lifelike as you wish.

• Baking soda
• Dishwashing detergent
• Large mason jar or soda bottle
• Playdough or aluminum foil to make the "volcano"
• Additional items to place around the volcano (optional)
• Food coloring (optional)

#5: Tornado in a Jar

• Teaches Kids About: Weather
• Messiness Level: Low

This is one of the quick and easy and science experiments for kids to teach them about weather. It only takes about five minutes and a few materials to set up, but once you have it ready you and your kids can create your own miniature tornado whose vortex you can see and the strength of which you can change depending on how quickly you swirl the jar.

• Glitter (optional)

#6: Colored Celery Experiment

• Teaches Kids About: Plants

This celery science experiment is another classic science experiment that parents and teachers like because it's easy to do and gives kids a great visual understanding of how transpiration works and how plants get water and nutrients. Just place celery stalks in cups of colored water, wait at least a day, and you'll see the celery leaves take on the color of the water. This happens because celery stalks (like other plants) contain small capillaries that they use to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

• Celery stalks (can also use white flowers or pale-colored cabbage)

#7: Rain Cloud in a Jar

This experiment teaches kids about weather and lets them learn how clouds form by making their own rain cloud . This is definitely a science project that requires adult supervision since it uses boiling water as one of the ingredients, but once you pour the water into a glass jar, the experiment is fast and easy, and you'll be rewarded with a little cloud forming in the jar due to condensation.

• Glass jar with a lid
• Boiling water
• Aerosol hairspray

#8: Edible Rock Candy

• Teaches Kids About: Crystal formation

It takes about a week for the crystals of this rock candy experiment to form, but once they have you'll be able to eat the results! After creating a sugar solution, you'll fill jars with it and dangle strings in them that'll slowly become covered with the crystals. This experiment involves heating and pouring boiling water, so adult supervision is necessary, once that step is complete, even very young kids will be excited to watch crystals slowly form.

• Large saucepan
• Clothespins
• String or small skewers
• Candy flavoring (optional)

#9: Water Xylophone

• Teaches Kids About: Sound waves

With just some basic materials you can create your own musical instrument to teach kids about sound waves. In this water xylophone experiment , you'll fill glass jars with varying levels of water. Once they're all lined up, kids can hit the sides with wooden sticks and see how the itch differs depending on how much water is in the jar (more water=lower pitch, less water=higher pitch). This is because sound waves travel differently depending on how full the jars are with water.

• Wooden sticks/skewers

#10: Blood Model in a Jar

• Teaches Kids About: Human biology

This blood model experiment is a great way to get kids to visual what their blood looks like and how complicated it really is. Each ingredient represents a different component of blood (plasma, platelets, red blood cells, etc.), so you just add a certain amount of each to the jar, swirl it around a bit, and you have a model of what your blood looks like.

• Empty jar or bottle
• Red cinnamon candies
• Marshmallows or dry white lima beans
• White sprinkles

#11: Potato Battery

• Teaches Kids About: Electricity
• Difficulty Level: Hard

Did you know that a simple potato can produce enough energy to keep a light bulb lit for over a month? You can create a simple potato battery to show kids. There are kits that provide all the necessary materials and how to set it up, but if you don't purchase one of these it can be a bit trickier to gather everything you need and assemble it correctly. Once it's set though, you'll have your own farm grown battery!

• Fresh potato
• Galvanized nail
• Copper coin

#12: Homemade Pulley

• Teaches Kids About: Simple machines

This science activity requires some materials you may not already have, but once you've gotten them, the homemade pulley takes only a few minutes to set up, and you can leave the pulley up for your kids to play with all year round. This pulley is best set up outside, but can also be done indoors.

• Clothesline
• 2 clothesline pulleys

#13: Light Refraction

• Teaches Kids About: Light

This light refraction experiment takes only a few minutes to set up and uses basic materials, but it's a great way to show kids how light travels. You'll draw two arrows on a sticky note, stick it to the wall, then fill a clear water bottle with water. As you move the water bottle in front of the arrows, the arrows will appear to change the direction they're pointing. This is because of the refraction that occurs when light passes through materials like water and plastic.

• Sticky note
• Transparent water bottle

#14: Nature Journaling

• Teaches Kids About: Ecology, scientific observation

A nature journal is a great way to encourage kids to be creative and really pay attention to what's going on around them. All you need is a blank journal (you can buy one or make your own) along with something to write with. Then just go outside and encourage your children to write or draw what they notice. This could include descriptions of animals they see, tracings of leaves, a drawing of a beautiful flower, etc. Encourage your kids to ask questions about what they observe (Why do birds need to build nests? Why is this flower so brightly colored?) and explain to them that scientists collect research by doing exactly what they're doing now.

• Blank journal or notebook
• Pens/pencils/crayons/markers
• Tape or glue for adding items to the journal

#15: DIY Solar Oven

• Teaches Kids About: Solar energy

This homemade solar oven definitely requires some adult help to set up, but after it's ready you'll have your own mini oven that uses energy from the sun to make s'mores or melt cheese on pizza. While the food is cooking, you can explain to kids how the oven uses the sun's rays to heat the food.

• Aluminum foil
• Knife or box cutter
• Permanent marker
• Plastic cling wrap
• Black construction paper

#16: Animal Blubber Simulation

• Teaches Kids About: Ecology, zoology

If your kids are curious about how animals like polar bears and seals stay warm in polar climates, you can go beyond just explaining it to them; you can actually have them make some of their own blubber and test it out. After you've filled up a large bowl with ice water and let it sit for a few minutes to get really cold, have your kids dip a bare hand in and see how many seconds they can last before their hand gets too cold. Next, coat one of their fingers in shortening and repeat the experiment. Your child will notice that, with the shortening acting like a protective layer of blubber, they don't feel the cold water nearly as much.

• Bowl of ice water

#17: Static Electricity Butterfly

This experiment is a great way for young kids to learn about static electricity, and it's more fun and visual than just having them rub balloons against their heads. First you'll create a butterfly, using thick paper (such as cardstock) for the body and tissue paper for the wings. Then, blow up the balloon, have the kids rub it against their head for a few seconds, then move the balloon to just above the butterfly's wings. The wings will move towards the balloon due to static electricity, and it'll look like the butterfly is flying.

• Tissue paper
• Thick paper
• Glue stick/glue

#18: Edible Double Helix

• Teaches Kids About: Genetics

If your kids are learning about genetics, you can do this edible double helix craft to show them how DNA is formed, what its different parts are, and what it looks like. The licorice will form the sides or backbone of the DNA and each color of marshmallow will represent one of the four chemical bases. Kids will be able to see that only certain chemical bases pair with each other.

• 2 pieces of licorice
• 12 toothpicks
• Small marshmallows in 4 colors (9 of each color)
• 5 paperclips

#19: Leak-Proof Bag

• Teaches Kids About: Molecules, plastics

This is an easy experiment that'll appeal to kids of a variety of ages. Just take a zip-lock bag, fill it about ⅔ of the way with water, and close the top. Next, poke a few sharp objects (like bamboo skewers or sharp pencils) through one end and out the other. At this point you may want to dangle the bag above your child's head, but no need to worry about spills because the bag won't leak? Why not? It's because the plastic used to make zip-lock bags is made of polymers, or long chains of molecules that'll quickly join back together when they're forced apart.

• Zip-lock bags
• Objects with sharp ends (pencils, bamboo skewers, etc.)

#20: How Do Leaves Breathe?

• Teaches Kids About: Plant science

It takes a few hours to see the results of this leaf experiment , but it couldn't be easier to set up, and kids will love to see a leaf actually "breathing." Just get a large-ish leaf, place it in a bowl (glass works best so you can see everything) filled with water, place a small rock on the leaf to weigh it down, and leave it somewhere sunny. Come back in a few hours and you'll see little bubbles in the water created when the leaf releases the oxygen it created during photosynthesis.

• Large bowl (preferably glass)
• Magnifying glass (optional)

#21: Popsicle Stick Catapults

Kids will love shooting pom poms out of these homemade popsicle stick catapults . After assembling the catapults out of popsicle sticks, rubber bands, and plastic spoons, they're ready to launch pom poms or other lightweight objects. To teach kids about simple machines, you can ask them about how they think the catapults work, what they should do to make the pom poms go a farther/shorter distance, and how the catapult could be made more powerful.

• Popsicle sticks
• Rubber bands
• Plastic spoons
• Paint (optional)

#22: Elephant Toothpaste

You won't want to do this experiment near anything that's difficult to clean (outside may be best), but kids will love seeing this " elephant toothpaste " crazily overflowing the bottle and oozing everywhere. Pour the hydrogen peroxide, food coloring, and dishwashing soap into the bottle, and in the cup mix the yeast packet with some warm water for about 30 seconds. Then, add the yeast mixture to the bottle, stand back, and watch the solution become a massive foamy mixture that pours out of the bottle! The "toothpaste" is formed when the yeast removed the oxygen bubbles from the hydrogen peroxide which created foam. This is an exothermic reaction, and it creates heat as well as foam (you can have kids notice that the bottle became warm as the reaction occurred).

• Clean 16-oz soda bottle
• 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide
• 1 packet of dry yeast
• Dishwashing soap

#23: How Do Penguins Stay Dry?

Penguins, and many other birds, have special oil-producing glands that coat their feathers with a protective layer that causes water to slide right off them, keeping them warm and dry. You can demonstrate this to kids with this penguin craft by having them color a picture of a penguin with crayons, then spraying the picture with water. The wax from the crayons will have created a protective layer like the oil actual birds coat themselves with, and the paper won't absorb the water.

• Penguin image (included in link)
• Spray bottle
• Blue food coloring (optional)

#24: Rock Weathering Experiment

• Teaches Kids About: Geology

This mechanical weathering experiment teaches kids why and how rocks break down or erode. Take two pieces of clay, form them into balls, and wrap them in plastic wrap. Then, leave one out while placing the other in the freezer overnight. The next day, unwrap and compare them. You can repeat freezing the one piece of clay every night for several days to see how much more cracked and weathered it gets than the piece of clay that wasn't frozen. It may even begin to crumble. This weathering also happens to rocks when they are subjected to extreme temperatures, and it's one of the causes of erosion.

• Plastic wrap

#25: Saltwater Density

• Teaches Kids About: Water density

For this saltwater density experiment , you'll fill four clear glasses with water, then add salt to one glass, sugar to one glass, and baking soda to one glass, leaving one glass with just water. Then, float small plastic pieces or grapes in each of the glasses and observe whether they float or not. Saltwater is denser than freshwater, which means some objects may float in saltwater that would sink in freshwater. You can use this experiment to teach kids about the ocean and other bodies of saltwater, such as the Dead Sea, which is so salty people can easily float on top of it.

• Four clear glasses
• Lightweight plastic objects or small grapes

#26: Starburst Rock Cycle

With just a package of Starbursts and a few other materials, you can create models of each of the three rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary "rocks" will be created by pressing thin layers of Starbursts together, metamorphic by heating and pressing Starbursts, and igneous by applying high levels of heat to the Starbursts. Kids will learn how different types of rocks are forms and how the three rock types look different from each other.

• Toaster oven

#27: Inertia Wagon Experiment

• Teaches Kids About: Inertia

This simple experiment teaches kids about inertia (as well as the importance of seatbelts!). Take a small wagon, fill it with a tall stack of books, then have one of your children pull it around then stop abruptly. They won't be able to suddenly stop the wagon without the stack of books falling. You can have the kids predict which direction they think the books will fall and explain that this happens because of inertia, or Newton's first law.

• Stack of books

#28: Dinosaur Tracks

• Teaches Kids About: Paleontology

How are some dinosaur tracks still visible millions of years later? By mixing together several ingredients, you'll get a claylike mixture you can press your hands/feet or dinosaur models into to make dinosaur track imprints . The mixture will harden and the imprints will remain, showing kids how dinosaur (and early human) tracks can stay in rock for such a long period of time.

• Used coffee grounds
• Wooden spoon
• Rolling pin

#29: Sidewalk Constellations

• Teaches Kids About: Astronomy

If you do this sidewalk constellation craft , you'll be able to see the Big Dipper and Orion's Belt in the daylight. On the sidewalk, have kids draw the lines of constellations (using constellation diagrams for guidance) and place stones where the stars are. You can then look at astronomy charts to see where the constellations they drew will be in the sky.

• Sidewalk chalk
• Small stones
• Diagrams of constellations

#30: Lung Model

By building a lung model , you can teach kids about respiration and how their lungs work. After cutting off the bottom of a plastic bottle, you'll stretch a balloon around the opened end and insert another balloon through the mouth of the bottle. You'll then push a straw through the neck of the bottle and secure it with a rubber band and play dough. By blowing into the straw, the balloons will inflate then deflate, similar to how our lungs work.

• Plastic bottle
• Rubber band

#31: Homemade Dinosaur Bones

By mixing just flour, salt, and water, you'll create a basic salt dough that'll harden when baked. You can use this dough to make homemade dinosaur bones and teach kids about paleontology. You can use books or diagrams to learn how different dinosaur bones were shaped, and you can even bury the bones in a sandpit or something similar and then excavate them the way real paleontologists do.

• Images of dinosaur bones

#32: Clay and Toothpick Molecules

There are many variations on homemade molecule science crafts . This one uses clay and toothpicks, although gumdrops or even small pieces of fruit like grapes can be used in place of clay. Roll the clay into balls and use molecule diagrams to attach the clay to toothpicks in the shape of the molecules. Kids can make numerous types of molecules and learn how atoms bond together to form molecules.

• Clay or gumdrops (in four colors)
• Diagrams of molecules

#33: Articulated Hand Model

By creating an articulated hand model , you can teach kids about bones, joints, and how our hands are able to move in many ways and accomplish so many different tasks. After creating a hand out of thin foam, kids will cut straws to represent the different bones in the hand and glue them to the fingers of the hand models. You'll then thread yarn (which represents tendons) through the straws, stabilize the model with a chopstick or other small stick, and end up with a hand model that moves and bends the way actual human hands do.

• Straws (paper work best)
• Twine or yarn

#34: Solar Energy Experiment

• Teaches Kids About: Solar energy, light rays

This solar energy science experiment will teach kids about solar energy and how different colors absorb different amounts of energy. In a sunny spot outside, place six colored pieces of paper next to each other, and place an ice cube in the middle of each paper. Then, observe how quickly each of the ice cubes melt. The ice cube on the black piece of paper will melt fastest since black absorbs the most light (all the light ray colors), while the ice cube on the white paper will melt slowest since white absorbs the least light (it instead reflects light). You can then explain why certain colors look the way they do. (Colors besides black and white absorb all light except for the one ray color they reflect; this is the color they appear to us.)

• 6 squares of differently colored paper/cardstock (must include black paper and white paper)

#35: How to Make Lightning

• Teaches Kids About: Electricity, weather

You don't need a storm to see lightning; you can actually create your own lightning at home . For younger kids this experiment requires adult help and supervision. You'll stick a thumbtack through the bottom of an aluminum tray, then stick the pencil eraser to the pushpin. You'll then rub the piece of wool over the aluminum tray, and then set the tray on the Styrofoam, where it'll create a small spark/tiny bolt of lightning!

• Pencil with eraser
• Aluminum tray or pie tin
• Styrofoam tray

#36: Tie-Dyed Milk

• Teaches Kids About: Surface tension

For this magic milk experiment , partly fill a shallow dish with milk, then add a one drop of each food coloring color to different parts of the milk. The food coloring will mostly stay where you placed it. Next, carefully add one drop of dish soap to the middle of the milk. It'll cause the food coloring to stream through the milk and away from the dish soap. This is because the dish soap breaks up the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the milk's fat molecules.

• Shallow dish
• Milk (high-fat works best)

#37: How Do Stalactites Form?

Have you ever gone into a cave and seen huge stalactites hanging from the top of the cave? Stalactites are formed by dripping water. The water is filled with particles which slowly accumulate and harden over the years, forming stalactites. You can recreate that process with this stalactite experiment . By mixing a baking soda solution, dipping a piece of wool yarn in the jar and running it to another jar, you'll be able to observe baking soda particles forming and hardening along the yarn, similar to how stalactites grow.

• Safety pins
• 2 glass jars

Summary: Cool Science Experiments for Kids

Any one of these simple science experiments for kids can get children learning and excited about science. You can choose a science experiment based on your child's specific interest or what they're currently learning about, or you can do an experiment on an entirely new topic to expand their learning and teach them about a new area of science. From easy science experiments for kids to the more challenging ones, these will all help kids have fun and learn more about science.

What's Next?

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Want to learn more about clouds? Learn how to identify every cloud in the sky with our guide to the 10 types of clouds .

Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa) .

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Making Science Fun, Easy to Teach and Exciting to Learn!

Science Experiments

35 Easy Science Experiments You Can Do Today!

Looking for easy science experiments to do at home or in the classroom? You’re in luck because we’ve got over 35 easy science activities for kids that will help you make science fun for all ages. 

Most of these simple science experiments for kids are easy to prepare, quick to perform, and use household items or inexpensive materials you can find almost anywhere. To connect the fun to the “why it works” you’ll find an easy to teach explanation with every experiment!

Musical Jars Science Experiment 

This super easy experiment is simple as it is fun! Kids make their own musical instruments with clear jars and water then investigate sound waves, pitch, and more.

When the experiment is complete, use the colorful new “instrument” for a fun music lesson. Kids can play and take turns to “name that tune”!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Musical Jars Science Experiment

Viscosity of Liquids Science Experiment

Viscosity may be a confusing term for kids at first, but this super easy experiment can help them see viscosity in action!

With marbles, clear jars, and a few household materials, kids will make predictions, record data, and compare the results while they test high and low density liquids.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->   Viscosity Science Experiment

Floating Egg Science Experiment

Can a solid egg float? Kids can find the answer and understand why with this quick science experiment. 

Discover just how easy it can be to make a raw egg float while testing the laws of density. We’ve included additional ideas to try so kids can make predictions and test the concept further.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->   Floating Egg Science Experiment

Paper Towel Dry Under Water Experiment

Is it possible to keep a paper towel dry even when submerging it under water? The answer is a surprising “yes,” if you use science to help!

Start with the properties of your materials, make a prediction, then explore matter, density, volume, and more.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->   Paper Towel Dry Under Water Experiment

Mixing Oil & Water Science Experiment

This simple experiment for kids helps them better understand density and the changes that happen when adding an emulsifier to the mix. 

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->   Mixing Oil & Water Experiment

Will it Float or Sink Science Experiment

Will it sink or will it float? This fun experiment challenges what students think they know about household items!

Students record their hypothesis for each item then test it to compare what they think will happen against their observations.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Float or Sink Science Experiment

Water Temperature Science Experiment

What does thermal energy look like? In this easy science experiment, kids are able to see thermal energy as they explore the concept in action.

With clear jars and food coloring, students can quickly see how molecules move differently through hot and cold water.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Water Temperature Science Experiment

Balloon Blow-up Science Experiment

Kids will discover how matter reacts when heated and cooled as they watch with surprise as baking soda and vinegar blow the balloon up before their eyes.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Balloon Blow-up Science Experiment

Floating Ping Pong Ball Science Experiment

Kids will giggle with joy with this super easy experiment. With only a ping pong ball and a hair dryer, students will have a great time while exploring Bernoulli’s Principle in action. 

We’ve included additional ideas to further explore the concept with different objects and observe the change in results.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Floating Ping Pong Ball Science Experiment

Hair Stand on End Science Experiment

It’s especially fun for those who’ve never seen static electricity in action before!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Hair Stand on End Science Experiment

Oil Bubbles in Water Science Experiment

Kids explore density and experience some chemistry when creating oil bubbles in water with everyday household items.

This experiment is particularly fun when kids see that they’ve made what looks like a lava lamp!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Oil Bubbles in Water Science Experiment

Color Changing Water Science Experiment

Kids will be surprised as they watch a new color being “created” without mixing! Using only a clear bowl and glass, some food coloring, and water, this super easy science experiment is quick and easy with a huge wow factor. 

Try it with yellow and blue to follow along with our demonstration video then try different primary color combinations and explore the results.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Color Changing Water Science Experiment

Magnetic Paper Clip Chain Science Experiment

It may seem a bit like magic but it’s actually science! It’s not hard to capture your kids’ attention with this quick and easy science experiment as they watch paper clips “stick” together and form a chain!

Perfect for younger children, the experiment only takes a few minutes and is a fun way to explore the concept of magnetic transference.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Magnetic Paper Clip Chain Science Experiment

Is it Magnetic Science Experiment

With only a magnet and a few household items, kids will make and record their predictions, test and observe, then compare what they think is magnetic against the results.

Simple and quick, but some of the results may surprise your students!

Cloud in a Jar Experiment

This simple experiment only requires a few materials but really holds student attention as a cloud forms before their eyes!

Kids will learn new weather vocabulary as they explore how physical changes and reactions happen as clouds begin to take form. We’ve also included a helpful chart on the types of clouds.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Cloud in a Jar Science Experiment

Magic Milk Science Experiment

Create a dancing rainbow of colors with this easy science experiment for kids!

Using only a few ordinary kitchen items, your students can create a color explosion in ordinary milk when they add our special ingredient. (Hint: The special ingredient (soap!) includes hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules that make the magic happen!)

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Magic Milk Science Experiment

Walking Water Science Experiment

Water can’t really walk upwards against gravity, but this cool science experiment makes it seem like it can! 

Kids are able to see the capillary action process and learn how attraction and adhesive forces in action allow water to move out of one glass into another. 

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Walking Water Science Experiment

Light Refraction Science Experiment

The results of this easy science experiment are so amazing, it makes kids (and adults) think it must be magic!

Young scientists watch in surprise while they see an arrow change directions instantly. Investigating refraction couldn’t be more fun!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Light Refraction Science Experiment

Dancing Raisins Experiment

Learn about the reactions of buoyancy and density in this simple science activity for kids. 

They may not need dancing shoes, but give them a glass of soda pop and the raisins in this fun experiment love to dance!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Dancing Raisins Science Experiment

See Sound Experiment

Kids love this experiment because they are encouraged to drum loudly so they can “see” sound waves in action!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> See Sound Science Experiment

Elephant Toothpaste Science Experiment

Grab some giant brushes and get ready to make elephant toothpaste! Although you might not be able to get an elephant excited by this super easy experiment, kids love it!

The impressive and quick results created by the chemical reaction and the heat released in the process makes an abundant amount of fun and colorful foam!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Elephant Toothpaste Science Experiment

Upside Down Glass of Water Science Experiment

We all know what happens when we turn a glass of water upside down, but what if I told you you can do it without the water spilling out?

The experiment only requires a few common items and you’ll be amazed by the results of air pressure in action!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Upside Down Glass of Water Science Experiment

Pick up Ball with a Jar Science Experiment

It almost seems like magic but with the help of science, you can pick up a ball with an open jar!

Instead of magic, this easy science activity uses centripetal force and practice to do what seems like the impossible. 

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Pick up Ball with a Jar Experiment

Will It Melt Science Experiment

Can you guess which items will melt? This easy outside experiment challenges what students think they know about the effects of the sun.

Pepper Move Science Experiment

Can you make pepper move and zoom away with just a light touch of your finger? With science you can!

This experiment only takes a few quick minutes from beginning to end, but the reaction caused by surface tension makes kids want to do it over and over. 

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial ->  Pepper Move Science Experiment

Crush a Plastic Bottle Science Experiment

Go for it, crush that bottle, but don’t touch it! Although it usually can’t be seen or touched, air pressure is pushing against all surfaces at all times.

With this easy science activity kids can see air pressure at work when they watch a bottle crushes itself!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Crush a Plastic Bottle Science Experiment

Egg in Vinegar Science Experiment

This vinegar science experiment will have your eggs and kids bouncing (with excitement!) before you know it!

Kids can watch and explore the results of chemical reactions as the egg changes from something that seems solid into what feels like something bouncy!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Egg in Vinegar Science Experiment

Straw Through a Potato Science Experiment

Can you make a normal plastic straw go into a raw, solid potato? It seems like something impossible, but science can easily make it possible!

Pick your potatoes then let kids try their strength as they explore air pressure with this super easy experiment.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Straw Through a Potato Science Experiment

Rainbow in a Jar Science Experiment

With only a few household items, they’ll explore mass, volume, and density with every color layer!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Rainbow in a Jar Experiment

Tornado in a Bottle Science Experiment

Kids can have fun while learning more about centripetal force with this fun experiment.

With a little muscle and science, kids watch with amazement as they create their own glitter cyclone in a bottle as the centripetal force vortex appears.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Tornado in a Bottle Science Experiment

Why Doesn’t the Water Leak Science Experiment

Can you poke holes in a plastic bag full of water without the water leaking out? With this super easy science activity you can!

Kids are stunned as they learn about polymers and how they can do what seems to be impossible.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Why Doesn’t the Water Leak Science Experiment

Use a Bottle to Blow-up a Balloon Experiment

Is it possible to blow up a balloon with only water and science? 

In this super easy experiment, kids learn more about how matter behaves as they watch a balloon inflate and deflate as a result of matter being heated and cooled.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Use a Bottle to Blow-up a Balloon Experiment

Orange Float Science Experiment

Kids explore buoyancy as they learn about and test density in this sink or float science activity.

While it only takes a few minutes, this super easy experiment invites kids to predict what they think will happen then discuss why the heavier orange floats!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Orange Float Science Experiment

Pick up Ice with String Science Experiment

With only a few household items, kids learn about freezing temperatures and the results they create in saltwater versus freshwater.

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Pick Up Ice with String Science Experiment

Color Changing Walking Water Experiment

Using the concepts explored in our popular Walking Water Science Experiment, kids will see color walk from one glass to another and change colors as it goes!

The quick experiment seems to defy gravity like magic, but don’t worry, kids can find out how science makes it work!

Detailed Instructions & Video Tutorial -> Color Changing Walking Water Experiment

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20 Interesting Class 10 Science Projects for Exhibitions

• April 21, 2024

Class 10 Science Projects

1. working model of science project water level indicator, 2. working model of science project “capacitor”, 3. make your own biodiesel, 4. working model of science project “astronomical telescope”, 5. make a solar cell, 6. working model of science project “cotton candy machine”, 7. working model science project “water rocket”, 8. working model of science project “wind turbine”, 9. working model of heart, 10. making biogas plant.

It’s that time of year again! Time to start planning your class’s science projects for exhibitions. Here are 20 interesting projects that will be sure to wow your students and parents alike.

A working model of a science project water level indicator can be made using simple materials and tools. The model is designed to show how a water level indicator works, and it can be used to make predictions about how the water level will change in different parts of a river or stream.

To make the model, you will need:

• A plastic bottle or jar with a tight-fitting lid
• A piece of wire (about 12 inches long)
• A weight, such as a rock or heavy book
• A pencil or pen
• First, mark the top of the bottle or jar where the water level will be located. This should be at or near the middle of the bottle or jar.
• Next, measure the length of the wire in inches and mark it on the side of the bottle or jar opposite the location for the water level. The wire should be long enough so that it extends beyond both ends of the bottle or jar by about an inch. Make sure that both ends of the wire are firmly attached to either end of the bottle or jar.
• Now, place the weight on top of the wire near one end of the bottle or jar. Make sure that it is firmly attached to the wire.
• Carefully lower the other end of the wire into the water and watch the water level in the jar rise! When you have located the water level at which the water begins to rise up the wire, make a note of this location on the side of the bottle or jar opposite where the weight is located.
• Repeat steps 2-4 until all of the water levels have been measured.
• Compare your notes from step 5 to your predictions about how the water level will change in different parts of the river or stream.

A capacitor is a device that stores an electrical charge . Capacitors can be used in many different ways, including in electronic circuits and as storage devices for energy.

To study the behavior of capacitors, you will need to build a working model of one. This model will include a capacitor that stores an electrical charge, and circuitry that allows you to discharge the capacitor and measure how much electricity is released.

You will also need to measure the resistance and capacitance of the capacitor. The resistance is the amount of resistance between two points, and the capacitance is the amount of capacitance between two points. Both measurements will help you understand how capacitors work.

One interesting class you could take to show off your science skills is making your own biodiesel. Biodiesel is made from natural oils and fats, and can be used in diesel engines to replace regular oil. This makes biodiesel a sustainable fuel source that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

To make biodiesel , you will need to collect various types of oil and fat. You can mix these oils and fats together to create a biodiesel mixture that will work best in your diesel engine. You will also need to follow specific instructions to make sure your biodiesel mixture is safe and effective.

Making biodiesel is an interesting science project that can show off your creativity and scientific skills. It’s a great way to show off your knowledge to others, and it can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Working models of science projects are always a fun and interesting way to learn about the process of science. This model of an astronomical telescope is no exception.

The astronomical telescope is a working model of a real telescope. It is made out of wood and paper, and it is designed to look at the sky. The telescope is set up so that you can see different parts of the sky. You can also use it to learn about how telescopes work, and you can make observations with it.

This model of an astronomical telescope is a fun and interesting way to learn about the process of science. It is also a great way to show your friends or family what you have been working on in your science classes.

One of the most interesting science projects for exhibitions is making a solar cell. This is a project that can be done by anyone with a bit of knowledge and some supplies.

To make a solar cell, you will need some materials: a black light-blocking material, an electrode, a piece of glass or plastic, and some water. The first step is to place the black light-blocking material over the glass or plastic. This will help to make the cell more efficient when it absorbs sunlight.

Then, you will need to place the electrode over the black light-blocking material. The electrode should be large enough so that it covers most of the surface of the material. When sunlight hits the cell, it will start to turn into energy.

The last step is to put some water over the electrode. This will help to create an electric current that can be used to power devices.

Working model of a science project that involves cotton candy machines. This project is designed to help students understand the workings of these machines and how they can create such a sweet treat.

To do this project, you will need the following materials:

• 1 cotton candy machine
• 1 countertop or table

First, disassemble the cotton candy machine so that you can see all the parts. Next, fill a bowl with water and place it on the countertop or table. Place the spoon in the bowl and turn on the machine. Watch as the cotton candy begins to form and flow out of the nozzle. When it is done forming, remove it from the bowl and put it on a plate. Enjoy your sweet treat!

If you are looking for an interesting science project to work on during your exhibition class, consider working on a working model water rocket. This project is perfect for students who are interested in science and technology.

To create a working model water rocket, you will need the following materials:

• A large container (such as a waste bin)
• A piece of plastic or wood that is at least 30 inches long and 10 inches wide
• Two rubber bands
• A water bottle
• Tape measure
• Paint or a marker
• Cleaning supplies (soap, water, cloths)
• Start by measurement the circumference of the bottle. Cut the plastic or wood board to this size. Mark the center of the board with a pencil so that you will know where to cut it out later. Cut out the circle using scissors. You may need to make several cuts to get it perfectly round. Be sure to smooth out any bumps or creases with your hands before proceeding. Once you have cut out the circle, use a marker to write “water rocket” on it.
• Next, tape one end of the rubber band around the top of the bottle. Make sure the band is tight enough so that the bottle does not move when you launch it, but loose enough so that you can easily remove it afterwards.
• Next, place the funnel over the end of the bottle with the rubber band attached. Slowly pour water into the funnel until it reaches the top of the bottle. Be careful not to splash yourself while doing this!
• Now stand back and launch your rocket! Be sure to hold on to the rubber band while launching so that it doesn’t fly away and become lost. If all goes well, you will see your rocket soaring into the sky and then coming back down to Earth!

The working model of science project “Wind Turbine” is a small, three-bladed turbine that uses the wind to turn a shaft. The model was built by students in Ms. Geller’s Physical Science class at North Star Middle School.

The purpose of the Wind Turbine project was to learn how turbines work and how they produce power. The project began with doing research on different types of turbines. This involved reading books, watching videos, and talking to experts in the field.

Next, the students had to build a working model of a turbine. They chose a three-bladed design because it is the most common type of turbine, and it is easy to build. The students assembled the components using simple tools and techniques.

The final step of the Wind Turbine project was testing it. The students put the model into action and saw how it produced power from the wind. They were very pleased with their work and learned a lot about turbines in the process!

One interesting class project for exhibitions is to create a working model of the heart. This can be done using a number of different methods, including using Lego pieces and model kits.

Another interesting project for exhibitions is to create a replica of Earth using miniature models. This can be done by using maps and data to create accurate miniature models of all the continents and oceans. 

Finally, another interesting project for exhibitions is to create a 3D model of the human body. This can be done using a variety of different software programs, including Autodesk 123D and Maya.

Making a biogas plant is an interesting science project for exhibitions. A biogas plant is a type of energy plant that produces biogas from organic material. Biogas is a renewable fuel that can be used to power vehicles, homes, and factories.

To make a biogas plant, you will need the following supplies:

1) A container to hold the organic material

2) A food processor or blender to chop the food into small pieces

3) A compost bin to deposit the food scraps

4) A water hose to spray the food scraps into the container

5) A thermometer to measure the temperature of the biogas

The first step in making a biogas plant is to collect the organic material. You can collect this material from your home or from a local dumpster. You will need about 3 cubic feet of organic material per gallon of biogas produced. You can mix this organic material with water to create a slurry, and then you can pour this slurry into the food processor or blender. You should chop the food into small pieces so that it will fit into the food processor or blender.

Once you have chopped the food, you should deposit it into the compost bin. You should add about 2 cups of organic material to the compost bin for every gallon of biogas produced. The compost will help to produce biogas.

The next step in making a biogas plant is to spray the food scraps into the container. You should fill the container with food scraps and then spray them with water. You should use a hose to spray the food scraps into the container so that they are wet. This will help to make biogas from the food scraps.

You should then measure the temperature of the biogas. You can do this by using a thermometer. The temperature of the biogas should be between 33° and 36° Celsius. If the temperature of the biogas is too high, you can reduce it by spraying water onto the food scraps. If the temperature of the biogas is too low, you can increase it by spraying water onto the food scraps.

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10 Super Simple Science Experiments for Elementary Students

by Sara Ipatenco

Science is one of the core subjects necessary in every elementary school classroom. Experiments are a critical part of any science curriculum, because they allow your students to get up close and personal with learning concepts. Science experiments don’t have to be expensive, hard, or time-consuming. With a few inexpensive materials, a science lab, and a class period or two, you can bring science alive for your students. Here are 10 experiments to get your students started.

Just so you know, we may get a small share of the sales made through affiliate links on this page.

1. Dancing popcorn

Materials needed:.

• 1-quart jar
• 1 tablespoon popcorn kernels
• 2-4 tablespoons baking soda
• 1 cup white vinegar

Directions:

• Fill the 1-quart jar about three-quarters with water.

2. Add the baking soda to the water and stir until it’s dissolved.

3. Gently pour the popcorn kernels into the jar.

4. Slowly pour in the vinegar. Go slowly or you’ll get a volcano overflowing over the top of the jar.

5. Watch the popcorn kernels dance! The reaction between the baking soda and vinegar causes bubbles to form in the liquid. As the bubbles move, they knock into the popcorn kernels, causing them to look like they are dancing.

2. Lemon volcano

• Food coloring
• Baking soda
• Cut the lemon in half. Slice a tiny sliver off the bottom of one lemon half so it sits flat on a plate. Cut a few slits in the flesh of the lemon.

2. Place a few drops of food coloring on the lemon half sitting flat on the plate. Use two or three colors for a more colorful reaction.

3. Squeeze a bit of dish soap on the lemon half right on top of the food coloring.

4. Sprinkle a spoonful of baking soda on top of the dish soap. Use the back of the spoon to press the baking soda into the flesh of the lemon.

5. Squeeze the other half of the lemon on top of the baking soda. You should start to see a colorful reaction right away!

6. Keep squeezing until you’ve gotten all the juice out of the second lemon half. As the lemon juice reacts to the baking soda it will fizz. The dish soap will also bubble, mixing with the food coloring to make the experiment colorful and easy to see. It works because of the reaction of the acidic lemon juice with the baking soda and dish soap.

3. Turning pennies green

• Paper towels
• White vinegar
• Pennies dated 1981 or older – younger pennies don’t have enough copper to get the proper reaction necessary to make this experiment work
• Place a folded paper towel into the bottom of a bowl.

2. Place the pennies on top of the paper towel. Put some of the pennies heads up and some of the pennies tails up so your students can see the green in a couple different ways.

3. Pour enough white vinegar over the pennies to saturate the paper towel. Save the rest of the vinegar to refresh the paper towel as it dries.

4. Observe the pennies after an hour or two. The green will just be starting to appear on the pennies.

5. Leave the pennies overnight. Observe them again the next day. There will plenty of green appearing on the pennies. The green, which is called malachite, continues to appear because of the chemical reaction between the copper, the vinegar, and the oxygen in the air. This is why the Statue of Liberty is green!

4. Glitter Germs

• White plate
• Fill the plate with water. Sprinkle glitter over the surface of the water. The more glitter you sprinkle, the more dramatic the reaction will be.

2. Have your students dip one finger in dish soap.

3. Students will gently dip their soap-covered finger into the center of the plate.

4. Observe what the glitter does! It will immediately scatter away from the soap. This happens because the soap lowers the surface tension of the water, which causes the molecules to scatter – the glitter just makes it so your students can see that happen. This is a great science experiment to teach the importance of washing hands – the soap will literally make the germs scatter!

5. Exploding baggies

• Plastic zip-top bag
• One square of toilet paper
• Pour half a cup of vinegar into a plastic zip-top bag.

2. Place a spoonful of baking soda into a square of toilet paper.

3. Fold the toilet paper square up to make a small packet.

4. Head outside because the next part will get messy! Once outside, quickly place the toilet paper packet in the bag, squeeze the air out, zip the bag closed, and set on the sidewalk. It’s important to do this part quickly!

5. Back up and watch. The bag will start to puff up.

6. Keep watching!

7. Watch some more. It’s almost there!

8. Bang! The bag will explode! This experiment works because the vinegar and baking soda create carbon dioxide gas in the bag. As more carbon dioxide is made, it builds up in the bag until the bag can’t hold any more. That’s when the bag pops.

6. Walking water

• 6 small glass jars
• Red, yellow, and blue food coloring
• Place the 6 glass jars in a circle so the jars are touching each other. Fill every other jar about three-quarters full of water.

2. Place a few drops of red food coloring in one jar, skip the empty jar, add yellow food coloring to the next jar, skip the empty jar, and then add blue food coloring to the next jar.

3. Fold six paper towels into fourths the long way.

4. Place the end of one paper towel in the red jar and the other end in the empty jar. Then place the end of another paper towel into the same empty jar and the other end in the yellow jar. Take the third paper towel and place one end in the yellow jar and the other end in the next empty jar. The fourth paper towel will have one end in the empty jar and the other end in the blue jar. The fifth will have one end in the blue jar and the other end in the following empty jar. The last paper towel will have one end in the empty jar and one end in the red jar.

5. Watch the paper towels begin to absorb the colored water.

6. After a few minutes, the paper towels will be saturated with the primary colors.

7. Keep watching and the colors will begin to transfer from the jars you filled to the empty jars. The experiment works because the primary colors will mix in the empty jars making the secondary colors. The paper towels will then begin to absorb the secondary colors, making it look like the water is walking from jar to jar.

• 4 cups white vinegar
• 4 tablespoons baking soda
• Large cooking pot
• Glass measuring cup
• Pour 4 cups of white vinegar into your cooking pot.

2. Add baking soda, one tablespoon at a time, to the white vinegar.

3. Stir the mixture well after each tablespoon. This will prevent the pot from overflowing.

4. Boil the white vinegar and baking soda mixture on medium-low heat for about an hour. You want to boil it long enough that that much of the liquid is boiled out. You want about three-quarters of a cup of liquid.

5. Scrape a small amount of the dried powder from the side of the pot and place it in the middle of a colored plate. A colored plate isn’t required, but it will make it easier to see the hot ice grow.

6. Pour the liquid into a glass measuring cup. It will be quite hot, so this is a job for the teacher! The liquid might also have a yellow tinge to it. This is normal and will not change the outcome of the project. Begin slowly pouring the liquid onto the powder on the plate. Patience is the key from here on out. Your students will need to pour the liquid very slowly or it will just spread all over the plate rather than growing.

7. Keep pouring, a drop or so at a time, and watch the ice begin to grow.

8. Keep pouring until you’ve used up all the liquid. The “ice” will continue to be hot to the touch, so make sure your students aren’t touching the ice as it grows. It works because the powder “seed,” called sodium acetate, crystalizes and releases heat energy, which is why it will be hot to the touch. It’s the same process used to make hand warmers.

8. Floating ink

    materials needed:.

•     White glass plate
•     Dry erase markers

    Directions:

• Draw simple pictures on a white glass plate using the dry erase markers.

2. Use another color to draw a few more images on the plate.

3. Place a small amount of water into a glass jar. Carefully pour the water onto the edge of the plate.

4. Watch the dry erase images begin to lift off the plate and float on top of the water. It works because the ink in dry erase markers is insoluble, which means it won’t dissolve in liquid. Instead, when the ink in a dry erase marker meets water, it floats to the top. Have your students experiment with different colors of dry erase markers and different temperatures of water to see if that changes the how quickly and easily the images float.

9. Snowstorm in a jar

• A glass jar
• White paint
• Blue food coloring
• Alka-seltzer tablet
• Fill a jar about three-quarters full of baby oil.

2. In the small bowl, mix white craft paint with water until the paint is completely stirred into the water.

3. Add several squirts of blue food coloring and a generous amount of glitter to the baby oil. Slowly pour in the white paint and water mixture.

5. Carefully drop an Alka-seltzer tab in the jar.

6. The snowstorm will immediately start in the jar! Your students will begin to see the glitter, blue oil, and white paint start to swirl slowly in the jar.

7. Keep watching because the snowstorm will get crazier! It works because water is denser than oil so the white paint water will sink to the bottom of the jar. The Alka-seltzer causes a chemical reaction with the water, forcing the water up toward the top of the jar. At the same time, the oil will be blocking the water, forcing it back down toward the bottom of the jar. These opposite forces of pressure make it look like there’s a blizzard!

10. Crushing cans

• Empty aluminum can
• Small cooking pot
• Fill the empty aluminum can with just enough water to cover the bottom and place it in a small cooking pot and over medium heat.

2. While you are waiting for the water in the can to boil, fill a bowl with plenty of ice and water.

3. Keep an eye on the can. Peek in the top to see if the water has started to boil.

4. Once the water is boiling, the teacher will use the tongs to remove the can from the pot.

5. Immediately turn the can upside down into the bowl of ice water. The can will crush instantly. It works because the steam from the boiling water in the can pushes all the air out the opening at the top. When the can is placed in the ice water, the steam cools and water takes it place. Since water takes up less space than steam, the blocked opening of the can makes it impossible for air to fill up the space the steam previously took up. The result is instant crushing.

With a few simple ingredients and class period or two, your students will learn a ton about scientific concepts while also observing just how much fun science can be.

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• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10
• NCERT Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science

Ncert solutions for class 10 science updated for 2023-24 free pdf.

NCERT Solutions Science Class 10 contains very important information that helps the students understand the complex topics and helps them in preparation for the Class 10 board examination. Studying the answers to the questions in the textbook will ensure your understanding of a particular topic and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are prepared by our subject experts in such a way that the students understand all the topics covered in the syllabus of CBSE 10 Science quite effectively.

Access NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science all chapters in PDF

The following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook 2023-24. Periodic Classification Of Elements Sources of Energy Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

The Solutions of NCERT Books also helps students to understand the topic thoroughly, which is very important not just from the point of view of the Class 10 examination. Better understanding lays a great foundation for their future studies. Quite often,  questions from textbooks are also asked in competitive examinations. We have covered both in-text and exercise questions in detail.

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Book All Chapters Brief:

Chapter 1 – chemical reactions and equations.

The first chapter of Class 10 NCERT Science will teach the students about chemical reactions and how to write equations, how to conduct combination and decomposition reactions and more. In the previous classes, we have learned about physical and chemical changes in matter. Whenever a chemical change occurs, we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place. A complete chemical reaction represents the reactants, products and their physical states symbolically. Students will also study how to write a chemical reaction , which is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. The chapter also explains how various chemical equations can be balanced in different states.

The next subtopic teaches various chemical reactions such as Combination Reaction, Decomposition reaction, Displacement Reaction, and Double Displacement Reaction along with various examples and chemical reactions. On the basis of energy, exothermic and endothermic reactions are explained. Exothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat is given out along with the products, and endothermic reactions are those reactions in which energy is absorbed. Then redox reaction is explained, which is a combination of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. The chapter explains all types of reactions with suitable examples with their respective chemical equations.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations :

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Science Notes For Class 10 Chapter 1
• Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations

Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 is all about acids, bases and salts . In previous classes, students have learned that the sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases, respectively, present in them. We all know that acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red, whereas, bases are bitter and change the colour of the red litmus to blue. In this chapter, we will study the reactions of acids and bases, how acids and bases cancel out each other’s effects and many more interesting things that we use in our day-to-day life. Students will get to understand the chemical properties of acids and bases, how acids and bases react with metals, how  metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates react with acids, how acids and bases react with each other, reaction of metallic oxides with acids and reaction of a non-metallic oxide with base explained with suitable examples and various chemical reactions.

The chapter then explains what all acids and bases have in common with a suitable example which gives the conclusion that acid solution in water conducts electricity. Students get to learn various experiments on what happens to acid or a base in a water solution and how strong are acid or base solutions by making use of universal indication. Along with it, students will get to learn about the importance of pH in everyday life. The chapter ends with a detailed explanation of salt preparation, properties and its uses.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts :

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts at BYJU’S:

• Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Chapter 2 Notes
• Chapter 2 -Acids, Bases and Salts
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 2 – Acids Bases And Salts

Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

In previous classes, students must have learned about various elements that can be classified as metals or non-metals on the basis of their properties. Here in Chapter 3 of Class 10 Science, students will learn about the physical properties of metals and non-metals . Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solid at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. The physical properties of metals are explained on various parameters such as ductility, malleability, tensile nature, strength, etc. On the basis of physical properties, metals and non-metals are differentiated. Some of the examples of non-metals are carbon, sulphur, iodine, oxygen, hydrogen, etc. The non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid. Under the subtopic chemical properties of metals, chemical reactions are discussed with oxygen gas, water, acids and other metal salts. The reactions and conditions depend on the reactivity series. The reactivity series tops potassium as the most reactive and gold as the least reactive.

The compounds formed in this manner by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds. Some of the general properties for ionic compounds are physical nature, melting and boiling points, solubility and conduction of electricity. Metal is extracted from its ore and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. Metals are refined by using the method of electrolytic refining. The end topic explains corrosion and how it can be prevented.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals :

Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 3 – Metals And Non Metals

Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

In the previous chapter, we discussed compounds of importance to us. In this chapter, we will study some more interesting compounds and their properties. Also, we shall be learning about carbon, an element which is of immense significance to us in both its elemental form and in the combined form. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all living organisms and many of the things we use. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms so that both can achieve a completely filled outermost shell. Carbon forms covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. Organic compounds are categorized into saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds. Saturated compounds are compounds with only a single bond. Unsaturated carbon compounds are compounds with a double or triple bond. The saturated compounds of carbon and hydrogen are methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane.

The chapter also explains some of the chemical properties of carbon and its compounds such as combustion, oxidation, addition reaction, substitution reaction. Ethanol and ethanoic acid are carbon compounds of importance in our daily lives. Soap and detergents are studied with their chemical structures and properties and their difference is also discussed. Detergents are usually used to make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds :

Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 4 – Carbon And Its Compounds

Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements

In Standard 9 we have learned that matter around us is present in the form of elements, compounds and mixtures, and the elements contain atoms of only one type. The early attempts at the classification of elements resulted in grouping the then-known elements as metals and non-metals. Dobereiner grouped the elements into triads and Newlands gave the Law of Octaves. Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses and according to their chemical properties. He even predicted the existence of some yet-to-be-discovered elements on the basis of gaps in his Periodic table. The modern periodic table came into existence. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was modified, and the atomic number was adopted as the basis of the Modern Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Law can be stated as follows: ‘Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number’.

In this chapter, Periodic Classification of Elements, elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged in 18 vertical columns called groups and 7 horizontal rows called periods. Elements thus arranged show periodicity of properties including atomic size, valency or combining capacity and metallic and non-metallic character. The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. The term atomic size refers to the radius of an atom.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification Of Elements

Chapter 6 – Life Processes

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 6 explains Life Processes . There are six life processes that all living organisms perform. They are movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition. The chapter also teaches about nutrition which means the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion. Nutrition is further divided into Autotrophic Nutrition and Heterotrophic Nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of simple inorganic materials from the environment and using an external energy source like the Sun to synthesize complex high-energy organic material. Heterotrophic nutrition involves the intake of complex material prepared by other organisms. Different types of heterotrophic nutrition are parasitic nutrition, saprophytic nutrition and holozoic nutrition. The next topic is nutrition in human beings. The various steps of nutrition are ingestion, digestion, Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, bile, absorption, assimilation and egestion. The next subtopic is respiration in which the human respiratory system is explained beautifully. The different elements of the human respiratory system are lungs, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, etc. During the process of respiration, organic compounds such as glucose are broken down to provide energy in the form of ATP. ATP is used to provide energy for other reactions in the cell.

Respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic respiration makes more energy available to the organism. For plants, the soil is the nearest and richest source of raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals. In human beings, the transport of materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, food and excretory products is a function of the circulatory system. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels. In highly differentiated plants, transport of water, minerals, food and other materials is a function of the vascular tissue which consists of xylem and phloem. In human beings, excretory products in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds are removed by the nephrons in the kidneys. Plants use a variety of techniques to get rid of waste material.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes :

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Also access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 6 Life Processes at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 6 – Life Processes

Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

Chapter 7 of Class 10 teaches about control and coordination , which are the functions of the nervous system and hormones in our bodies. The responses of the nervous system can be classified as a reflex action, voluntary action or involuntary action. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages. It gets information from our sense organs and acts through our muscles. Chemical coordination is seen in both plants and animals. Hormones produced in one part of an organism move to another part to achieve the desired effect. A feedback mechanism regulates the action of the hormones.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination :

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 7 – Control And Coordination

Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce

Unlike other life processes, reproduction is not essential to maintain the life of an individual organism. How do Organisms Reproduce chapter involves the creation of a DNA copy and additional cellular apparatus by the cell involved in the process. Depending on their body design, various organisms use different modes of reproduction. In fission, many bacteria and protozoa simply divide into two or more daughter cells. Organisms such as hydra can regenerate if they are broken into pieces. They can also give out buds which mature into new individuals. Roots, stems and leaves of some plants develop into new plants through vegetative propagation. These are examples of asexual reproduction where new generations are created from a single individual. Sexual reproduction involves two individuals for the creation of a new individual. DNA copying mechanisms create variations which are useful for ensuring the survival of the species. Modes of sexual reproduction allow for greater variation to be generated.

Reproduction in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma which is referred to as pollination. This is followed by fertilisation. Changes in the body during puberty, such as an increase in breast size in girls and new facial hair growth in boys, are signs of sexual maturation. The male reproductive system in human beings consists of testes which produce sperms, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra and penis. The female reproductive system in human beings consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Sexual reproduction in human beings involves the introduction of sperm in the vagina of the female. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube. Contraception to avoid pregnancy can be achieved by the use of condoms, oral pills, copper -T and other methods.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce :

Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce Notes
• Chapter 8 -How do Organisms Reproduce?
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 8 – How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

In this chapter, we will learn about Heredity and Evolution . We have seen that reproductive processes give rise to new individuals that are similar, but subtly different. We have discussed how some amount of variation is produced even during asexual reproduction. The Rules for the Inheritance of Traits in human beings relate to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child. This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA. Sex can be determined by different factors in various species. Changes in the non-reproductive tissues caused by environmental factors are not inheritable. Speciation may take place when the variation is combined with geographical isolation. Evolutionary relationships are traced in the classification of organisms. Tracing common ancestors back in time leads us to the idea that at some point in time, non-living material must have given rise to life.

Evolution can be worked out by the study of not just living species, but also fossils. Complex organs may have evolved because of the survival advantage of even the intermediate stages. Organs or features may be adapted to new functions during the course of evolution. Evolution cannot be said to progress from lower forms to higher forms. Rather, evolution seems to have given rise to more complex body designs even while the simpler body designs continue to flourish. Study of the evolution of human beings indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa and spread across the world in stages.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution :

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution – Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction: (topics excluded – evolution; evolution and classification and evolution should not be equated with progress).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction

In  NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 10, we will study the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light using the straight-line propagation of light. These basic concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and refraction of light and their application in real life. Light is a source of energy which generates a sensation of vision in human beings. Light seems to travel in straight lines. The different types of a spherical mirror, convex and concave are taught. The various terms related to spherical mirrors like the centre of curvature, the radius of curvature, etc., focus, pole, etc. are discussed with ray diagrams. Uses of a spherical mirror are also discussed in this chapter. Mirror formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and focal length of a spherical mirror. The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.

Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light rays toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The phenomena of refraction can be understood easily by the concepts of the refractive index and optical density. The refractive index of a transparent medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in the medium. In case of a rectangular glass slab, the refraction takes place at both the air-glass interface and glass-air interface. The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray. Lens formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and the focal length of a spherical lens. Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length. The SI unit of power of a lens is dioptre.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction :

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light – Reflection and Refraction Notes
• Chapter 10 -Light: Reflection and Refraction
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 10 – Light Reflection And Refraction

Chapter 11 – The Human Eye and Colorful World

In the previous chapter, we learnt about light and some of its properties. In this chapter, we will study some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the rainbow formation, splitting of white light and blue colour of the sky. The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs. It enables us to see the wonderful world and the colours around us. The ability of the eye to focus on both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye. The smallest distance, at which the eye can see objects clearly without strain, is called the near point of the eye or the least distance of distinct vision. For a young adult with normal vision, it is about 25cm. The common refractive defects of vision include myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia. Myopia, short-sightedness-the image of distant objects is focused before the retina is corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power. Hypermetropia (far-sightedness-the image of nearby objects is focussed beyond the retina) is corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power. The eye loses its power of accommodation at old age. The splitting of white light into its component colours is called dispersion. Scattering of light causes the blue colour of the sky and the reddening of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World :

Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 11 – Human Eye And Colourful World

Chapter 12 – Electricity

Electricity has an important place in modern society. It is a controllable and convenient form of energy for a variety of uses in homes, schools, hospitals, industries and so on. It is a phenomenon related to the flow of charge. A stream of electrons moving through a conductor constitutes an electric current. Conventionally, the direction of current is taken opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. The SI unit of electric current is ampere. To set the electrons in motion in an electric circuit, we use a cell or a battery. A cell generates a potential difference across its terminals. It is measured in volts (V). Resistance is a property that resists the flow of electrons in a conductor. It controls the magnitude of the current. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm. Ohm’s law: the potential difference across the ends of a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it, provided its temperature remains the same. The resistance of a conductor depends directly on its length, inversely on its areas of cross-section, and also on the material of the conductor. The equivalent resistance of several resistors in series is equal to the sum of their individual resistances. The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor is given by W=V x I x t. The unit of power is watt (W). One watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V. The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh). 1kW h = 3,6000,000 J = 3.6 x 10 6 J.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity :

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 12 Electricity at BYJU’S:

• Electricity Class 10 Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 12 – Electricity

Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

In this chapter, students will study magnetic fields and such electromagnetic effects, along with electromagnets and electric motors, which involve the magnetic effect of electric current, and electric generators, which involve the electric effect of moving magnets. A compass needle is a small magnet. Its one end, which points towards the north, is called a north pole, and the other hand, which points towards the south, is called a south pole. A magnetic field exists in the region surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet can be detected. Field lines are used to represent a magnetic field. A field line is a path along which a hypothetical free north pole would tend to move. The direction of the magnetic field at a point is given by the direction that a north pole placed at that point would take. Field lines are shown closer together where the magnetic field is greater. A metallic wire carrying an electric current has associated with it a magnetic field. The field lines about the wire consist of a series of concentric circles whose direction is given by the right-hand rule. The pattern of the magnetic field around a conductor due to an electric current flowing through it depends on the shape of the conductor. The magnetic field of a solenoid carrying a current is similar to that of a bar magnet. An electromagnet consists of a core of soft iron wrapped around a coil of insulated copper wire. A current-carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force. If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. This is the basis of an electric motor. An electric motor is a device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current in a coil placed in a region where the magnetic field changes with time. The magnetic field may change due to relative motion between the coil and a magnet placed near to the coil. If the coil is placed near a current-carrying conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and the conductor. The direction of the induced current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the basis of electromagnetic induction. There are 2 types of generator AC and DC generator. Fuse is the most important safety device, used for protecting the circuits due to short-circuiting or overloading of the circuits.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current:

Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current

Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy

Our energy requirements increase with our standard of living. In order to fulfil our energy requirements, we try to improve the efficiency of energy usage and also try and exploit new sources of energy. The chapter discusses different sources of energy, and they are conventional sources of energy, which we keep on using for many years. It includes fossil fuels, thermal power plants and hydropower plants. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. After those improvements in the technology for using conventional sources of energy is also discussed such as Biomass and wind energy. Next, students will study the topic of alternative or non-conventional energy resources. It includes solar energy, in which energy is generated through the solar cell and solar panel. Energy can be generated from the sea, such as Tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy. Energy can also be generated from the earth’s crust, known as geothermal energy . Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. The energy source we select would depend on factors like the ease and cost of extracting energy from the source, the efficiency of the technology available for using that source of energy and the environmental impact of using that source. Many of the sources ultimately derive their energy from the Sun. All the topics are explained with the advantages and disadvantages of it.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 14 Sources of Energy at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 14 – Sources Of Energy

Chapter 15 – Our Environment

This chapter discusses how various components in the environment interact with each other and how we impact the environment. The various components of an ecosystem are interdependent. The producers make the energy from sunlight available to the rest of the ecosystem. There is a loss of energy as we go from one trophic level to the next, this limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain. The food-chain is explained in detail with examples according to nature, such as in the forest, in grassland and in the pond. Human activities have an impact on the environment. The use of chemicals like CFCs has endangered the ozone layer. Since the ozone layer protects against the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, this could damage the environment. The waste we generate may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable . The disposal of the waste we generate is causing serious environmental problems.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment :

Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 – Our Environment
• Chapter 15 -Our Environment
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 15 – Our Environment

Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

In the previous class, we have learned about some natural resources like soil, air and water and how various components are cycled over and over again in nature. In this chapter, we will look at some of our resources and how we are using them. Our resources, like forests, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum, need to be used in a sustainable manner. We can reduce pressure on the environment by sincerely applying the maxim of ‘Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recycle’ in our lives. Management of forest resources has to take into account the interests of various stakeholders. The harnessing of water resources by building dams has social, economic and environmental implications. Alternatives to large dams exist. These are locale-specific and may be developed so as to give local people control over their local resources. The fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, will ultimately be exhausted. Owing to this and because their combustion pollutes our environment, we need to use these resources judiciously.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 16 – Management Of Natural Resources

CBSE Class 10 Science Evaluation Scheme (Theory) –

How NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science is helpful while preparing for the exam?

Class 10 Science is an important subject for those students who want to pursue their future studies in this field. To score good marks in this subject, students need to follow the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science and should be thorough with it. For each chapter, there will be exercise questions for practice which students need to write after they finish completing each topic. It will help them to revise the topics and get to know how much they have understood the concepts. After completing the exercise question, they can refer to the NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science to cross-check whether they answered all the questions correctly. These solutions work as a guide for the students so that they don’t repeat the mistakes and make sure they answer all the questions correctly.

Preparing for the Class 10 exam needs a lot of attention and commitment as it is considered the turning point of the educational journey. Students need to have an overall understanding of individual chapters, and the process of it demands hard work towards studies and an effective approach to getting through the solutions. A significant role is played by Class 10 NCERT Science Solutions, which helps them to prepare effectively for their Class 10 board exams.

These solutions are based on the CBSE syllabus of Class 10 Science, which provides solutions to all the exercise questions of each chapter mentioned in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science. By referring to the solutions, students get to know which topic to focus more upon which will help students to learn faster. Students must know the right technique to answer all the questions given in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science . So, in order to help them prepare for their exams, we have provided all the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions. Students can also refer to the NCERT Workbook Solutions Class 10 Science for their further preparation.

Features of NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions

NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 is the best resource study material for students as it delivers a wide range of solutions to all the NCERT questions in the syllabus. It gives detailed solutions to the three dimensions of science, which are Physics, Chemistry and Biology. With the help of the solutions, students can instantly solve their doubts. These solutions are designed as per the NCERT curriculum to help students prepare for their Class 10 board exam. Some of the features of NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science  are mentioned below:

• The solutions are solved in easy-to-understand language so that students don’t get confused while referring to them.
• The answers are explained elaborately for all the exercise questions mentioned in each chapter.
• Solving these solutions will help students to solve the sample papers as well as the previous year question papers.
• It boosts the student’s confidence level and also helps them work on their weak points.
• All the answers are explained with proper diagrams related to the question.

Other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science

Students of Class 10 should refer to other study materials like NCERT Class 10 Science Exemplar, NCERT Class 10 Science textbook, and NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus besides studying from NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions. These study materials are also prepared as per the CBSE Class 10 science syllabus and help them while preparing for the board exams. Students can refer to these study materials after they complete the entire syllabus, which will help in quick revision before the exam.

Below we have provided the links of the other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science to help you prepare effectively for the Class 10 board exam.

Download NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Book APP

Students of Class 10 can download the NCERT Class 10 chapter-wise Science solutions from the BYJU’S app, which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 , students can also utilize the BYJU’S App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc. The BYJU’S App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want, by downloading it on your smart device. The solutions of NCERT Class 10 Science are prepared by our highly experienced subject experts, as per the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

What are the chapters present in the ncert solutions for class 10 science , will the questions in the board exam appear from ncert solutions for class 10 science , is the ncert solutions for class 10 science pdfs enough to score well in the board exam, which are the important chapters in the ncert solutions for class 10 science , leave a comment cancel reply.

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• CBSE Class 10 Syllabus

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2024-25 with Exam Pattern: Download PDF Here

Cbse class 10 science syllabus 2024-25: check here the new cbse syllabus for class 10 science to know the course content and examination scheme prescribed for the academic year 2024-2025. download the full syllabus in pdf..

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2024-2025: CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for the 2024-2025 academic session is provided in this article. The syllabus is officially released at the board’s official website, cbse.gov.in. Knowing the latest syllabus is essential because it provides students with a clear understanding of the topics and concepts they have to cover during the year. Staying updated with the syllabus will help them plan their studies effectively, stay organized, and focus on the areas that need more attention.

The CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus has been designed around five broad themes which are

1. Materials

2. The World of The Living

3. How Things Work

4. Natural Phenomenon and

5. Natural Resources.

The syllabus provides a detailed list of the chapters and topics covered under each theme. Special care has been taken to keep the content concise, deleting the redundant topics and ensuring a focused approach to the subject matter. Check and download the complete CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus below.

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus  2024-25 Highlights

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus  2024-2025

Important: CBSE Class 10 Online Test Series for Board Exam 2025

Cbse class 10 science course content for 2024-2025, theme: materials, unit 1: chemical substances - nature and behaviour.

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation , implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions : combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Acids, bases and salts : Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H + and OH – ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Theme: The World of the Living

Unit 2: world of living.

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health - need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Theme: Natural Phenomena

Unit 3: natural phenomena.

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),magnification.

Refraction ; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.

Human eye : Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses.

Theme: How Things Work

Unit 4: effects of current.

Electricity: Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Theme: Natural Resources

Unit 5: natural resources, cbse class 10 science practicals.

CBSE Class 10 Science Internal Assessment 2024-25

PRESCRIBED BOOKS for CBSE Class 10 Science:  

• Science-Text book for class X- NCERT Publication
• Assessment of Practical Skills in Science- Class X- CBSE Publication
• Laboratory Manual-Science-Class X, NCERT Publication
• Exemplar Problems Class X – NCERT Publication

Video Lectures for CBSE Class 10 Science

 Also Read:

NCERT Book for Class 10 Science (Latest Edition)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science

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Research experiences for undergraduates (reu), reu 2024 projects.

A computational materials science paradigm for a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE)

• Original Paper
• Open access
• Published: 28 August 2024

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• David A. Strubbe   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-5532 1 , 2  

Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) bring the excitement of research into the classroom to improve learning and the sense of belonging in the field. They can reach more students, earlier in their studies, than typical undergraduate research. Key aspects are: students learn and use research methods, give input into the project, generate new research data, and analyze it to draw conclusions that are not known beforehand. CUREs are common in other fields but have been rare in materials science and engineering. I propose a paradigm for computational material science CUREs, enabled by web-based simulation tools from nanoHUB.org that require minimal computational skills. After preparatory exercises, students each calculate part of a set of closely related materials, following a defined protocol to contribute to a novel class dataset which they analyze, and also calculate an additional property of their choice. This approach has been used successfully in several class projects.

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Introduction

A Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) is an educational paradigm that brings the excitement of research into the classroom [ 1 , 2 ]. Key aspects of a CURE, in contrast to traditional “cookbook” or verification-oriented laboratory exercises, are: students learning and using research methods, having input into the project, generating new research data, and analyzing it to draw conclusions that are not known beforehand [ 1 , 3 ]. Research studies have shown that the CURE paradigm improves learning and motivation, promotes independent thinking, and increases retention of students in the major and STEM study. In fact, a CURE can affect attitudes and motivation sometimes as much as a full summer research experience [ 1 , 4 ]. CUREs also give students an opportunity to apply their knowledge and get a taste of research. Instructors can make use of CURE best practices and how-to guides that have been developed [ 1 , 2 ], and a clearinghouse of CURE activities at CUREnet [ 5 ]. While CUREs have become popular in biology [ 4 ] and to a lesser extent chemistry [ 2 ], they remain rare or absent in materials science and engineering, as well as condensed-matter physics. This article proposes a paradigm for CUREs using computational materials science, to enhance curricula and broaden participation in undergraduate research in the materials science and engineering community.

Many students who begin as science and engineering majors end up not continuing in the field after graduation, or even leaving the major [ 6 ]. This is particularly the case for under-represented minorities (URMs) or minoritized students, who often feel a lack of support [ 7 ]. A proven approach to improve persistence and retention is to help students identify as scientists, feel a sense of belonging, and experience what real research is like [ 1 , 4 ]. Participation in a CURE brings the excitement of research into the classroom, and allows students to experience doing real science. This helps promote the sense of belonging to a STEM community of practice as a budding scientist, which is particularly important for URMs [ 1 , 7 ]. Studies have found that CUREs are particularly beneficial for URMs [ 4 , 8 , 9 ]. Introduction to research in the CURE helps transition students to summer research opportunities and possible senior thesis research. Open-ended experimental projects incorporated into an introductory materials science class were found to improve students’ knowledge gain and skills [ 10 ], though—unlike a CURE—these research-like projects were not necessarily designed to create new knowledge.

Computation is a particularly suitable kind of research for a CURE. Computation can be used to bridge between the simple models commonly studied in introductory classes and more complicated real materials. It can be cheap, well-defined, and easily reproducible, which is not necessarily the case for experimental work. In the specific case of atomistic simulations in materials science, it is easy to get to the frontiers of knowledge: given the vast space of materials, even slight changes to the structure and composition almost certainly lead to something that has not been previously studied. CUREs have generally been wet-lab activities, and there are few computational examples (e.g., bioinformatics [ 11 ]). Some other group projects in computational materials, which may have some of the aspects of a CURE, have been run in a graduate condensed-matter summer school and an undergraduate/graduate chemistry class, resulting in research articles [ 12 ] and [ 13 ], respectively.

Computational work has become ubiquitous in research, but the typical workflow can feel quite daunting to undergraduates (Linux, compiling, running jobs, etc.). Excitingly, advances in codes and technology now enable some research-grade computation to be fast and accessible enough for an undergraduate course. The nanoHUB project [ 14 ] provides a convenient platform for real computations with simple graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that run in a web browser. The GUIs (“tools”), created for various codes by expert users, abstract away extraneous details that create a barrier, allowing direct engagement with the key ideas. The GUI creates input files based on student-specified simulation parameters, and then launches the calculations in the cloud on remote clusters, removing the need for any specialized or powerful hardware. After the run, the nanoHUB tools analyze output, and organize and plot key results (Fig.  1 ). While numerous courses use nanoHUB (e.g., [ 15 ]), I am not aware of use in a CURE other than my projects mentioned below.

In this article, I describe a paradigm for designing CUREs in computational materials science. Depending on instructional needs and capacity, a CURE can be focused on a single lab session or assignment, take the form of a culminating final project, or even constitute the entirety of a course. Students use nanoHUB to calculate each of a set of structures, forming a class dataset which they analyze along with their individual results. CUREs not only enhance the student experience but can also help instructors in their research and serve as compelling components on broader impacts or education for instructors’ grant proposals.

Example calculation in nanoHUB graphical user interface of MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit [ 16 ]: calculation of graphene/hBN superlattice heterostructure, by density-functional theory in Quantum ESPRESSO [ 17 ]

Materials and methods

The nanoHUB project provides a large number of different tools that implement various kinds of simulations, including not only atomistic simulations but also electronic device, nanomechanical device, and biomolecular sensing simulations. The GUIs enable students to perform calculations without requiring deep knowledge of computational materials science. Here I will focus on the MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit [ 16 ], which I co-developed and which is used at many institutions around the world. It is based on open-source codes that are commonly used by researchers: it can run first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations on materials with the pseudo-atomic orbital code SIESTA and the plane-wave code Quantum ESPRESSO [ 17 ]; DFT and quantum chemistry on molecules with the Gaussian-type orbital code GAMESS [ 18 ]; and classical molecular dynamics (MD) in the LAMMPS code [ 19 ] (e.g., for carbon nanostructures with Tersoff potentials). The DFT tools can provide relaxed structure, energy, density of states, band gap, bandstructure, wavefunctions, Kohn-Sham potential, electronic density, phonon bandstructure and density of states, Raman and infrared spectra, and phonon displacement patterns. MD can provide the relaxed structure or trajectories, radial distribution functions, and power spectra of vibrations. The toolkit integrates visualization with XCrySDen [ 20 ] and Jmol codes, to study crystal and molecular structures, phonon displacement patterns, wavefunctions, densities, potentials, Fermi surfaces, and Brillouin zones. The restricted input options in this GUI help in specifying a detailed protocol for students to use to ensure appropriate and systematic results in the resulting dataset. The author and his former PhD student Enrique Guerrero have presented a series of webinars [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] for nanoHUB, with accompanying handouts to follow along in the simulations [ 25 ], which can help to inform use of the tool and how it can be employed for a CURE.

The key steps of this computational CURE paradigm are laid out in Table 1 . To design a CURE, the instructor should choose a research question that can be answered by students’ calculations with the toolkit, and which will involve desired calculation methods or course concepts. The instructor selects a set of materials structures, which will be divided up among the students (e.g., one each). Structures can be selected using databases such as the Materials Project [ 26 ], and results can even be contributed back to the database. Generally it is not feasible for the students to select the research question and materials, because deep expert knowledge is required to design an authentically novel research study.

Some ideas for generating a suitable materials space include alloys (enumerating symmetry-unique structures within a certain supercell for different concentrations), dopants, polymorphs, surfaces, and interfaces or heterojunctions between different materials. Each of these allows a combinatorial construction of a set of similar materials for the students to study. The research question could involve trying to maximize or minimize some property (e.g., find which alloy structure is most stable), or the analysis of some global property of the data set (e.g., find how the band gap varies with alloy composition). To analyze the data, students apply their knowledge of course concepts, and could use analytical models (e.g., Vegard’s Law) or potentially more sophisticated informatics or machine-learning approaches. The instructor (or research group members) should run one or more examples in detail to verify the workflow and be aware of potential problems, which may sometimes occur in only some items of the set—two examples confronted in my CURE with Quantum ESPRESSO were (1) incomplete variable-cell relaxations with residual stress and (2) imaginary phonon frequencies that were later attributed to the pseudopotential. Of course, the only way to completely exclude such problems is to do all the students’ calculations beforehand, which defeats the purpose of a CURE.

The CURE begins with one or more lectures which introduce the research question, show what remains unknown, and indicate how the CURE studies fit into a cutting-edge research project. Theory and needed concepts for running the code and analyzing results are also explained. Plans can be described for following up interesting findings with further calculations and/or experiments. In some cases, teaching-assistant training may also be needed. A detailed lab manual with instructions (e.g., [ 27 ]) is given to the students. Ideally, the lab manual will be tested with undergraduates before use in class to identify and improve on points of confusion or technical problems which can occur. In some cases, I have also engaged in further development of the MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit to provide new functionality needed for the CURE. I will focus on the use of a CURE as a final project, which can be the most impactful to deploy within an existing course, since it enables students to have an extensive preparation period and then spend substantial time on the project. In-class demonstrations can introduce the usage of nanoHUB. In discussion sections, students engage in nanoHUB exercises themed with the recent lecture materials, serving both to illustrate and deepen their understanding of the lecture concepts but also to gain experience with the tools. They can further apply this knowledge in homework assignments, for more detailed feedback from the instructor. It is highly recommended to have some key early stages of the project be carried out in homework (e.g., structural relaxation, before calculation of other properties later) to ensure that the instructor can point out and correct any potentially serious problems in students’ calculations at an early stage.

Then the students carry out their main calculations, following a carefully defined protocol, so that their results constitute a set of comparable data that the class can analyze. They submit their key results such as bandgaps to a repository (e.g., a common spreadsheet). It should be emphasized to students that when they analyze this data they should keep a close eye out for any anomalies in the data, which can be real physically interesting phenomena, artifacts due to sophisticated computational problems, or the result of trivial cut-and-paste mistakes. Students should submit not only key results but also all their raw input and output (which are downloadable from the tools in the MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit, and many of the other nanoHUB tools) to a shared folder to make it possible for the instructor or other students to audit the calculations, and trace any errors or mistakes. As much as possible, students should identify and fix any anomalies.

The need for the defined protocol in creating the dataset should be balanced with a way of allowing the students to have input and agency in the project (one of the key aspects of a CURE), to be sure to give a flavor of the creative and open-ended aspects of research. I have done this in two ways: in a short CURE consisting of just a single lab session, students dig into further outputs and information provided by the code beyond those they were instructed to study by the lab manual, and are asked to report something interesting they found. Quite lively discussions can result in the lab session as they try to make sense of what they found and understand its significance. In a final-project CURE, instead I ask students, in an exploratory phase of the project, to identify another property to calculate and analyze. I offer some examples, and they should read a bit about a property and discuss with the instructor how they can extract such information. Calculations of response properties like elastic moduli by finite differences are a good example. To enable such exploratory phases, it is important that the tool should be rich enough to provide more information than the minimum of what is required in the project. Students then present or write in the final project about the meaning of their property, their approach to calculate it, and their results. Note that typically it would require more student knowledge than is attainable in the context of the course to make these additional property calculations constitute reliable research data.

After the CURE, there can be follow-up by members of the instructor’s research group (ideally even a student from the class as a summer researcher or postbac researcher), to confirm or refine the calculations and prepare them for publication or further directions of calculations or experiments. Such students can also work on improving the GUI and lab activity, or preparing to take the research question in a new direction for a coming year.

Improvement or adjustment of the CURE after each class should be informed by assessment. Enhanced learning of the class material can be assessed by analysis of students’ class work. To assess the effect on students’ attitudes and scientific thinking, two research-validated surveys are available: the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS), a pre-/post-survey commonly used in introductory classes [ 28 ]; and the “CURE survey” [ 29 ], which includes assessing the feeling of community. The instructor’s observations of students at work in lab and discussion sections, questions and discussion with students, analysis of CURE assignments regarding what students did and did not understand or accomplish, and course evaluations can also be valuable sources of information. Confusing sections of the lab manual can be better explained, difficult concepts can be addressed more thoroughly in lecture, and limitations or awkward aspects of the tools may be avoided (or even fixed by the developers based on feedback).

Results and discussion

I have used the paradigm described here for four projects at the University of California, Merced (summarized in Table 2 ), beginning with graduate courses and refining the ideas over time. In fall 2017, I designed for my graduate Advanced Condensed Matter Physics class a final project on simulation of elastic properties of high-pressure phases of Si, using DFT and MD with Tersoff potentials in nanoHUB, and group theory to constrain the shape of the elastic tensor. In spring 2020, I designed for graduate Advanced Condensed Matter Physics a final project on strain effects on Raman spectra in 2H transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), performed directly with Quantum ESPRESSO on a cluster. This work was presented at a conference [ 30 ], and a paper is in preparation. In fall 2021 and 2023, I ran for my undergraduate/graduate Condensed Matter Physics class a final project on the energy, structure, and Raman spectroscopy of 2D monolayer MoS \(_{2x}\) Se \(_{2(1-x)}\) alloys. Finally in fall 2022 and fall 2023, I ran for sophomore-level Modern Physics a lab session on in-plane heterostructures of 2H-TMDs [ 27 ], studied as examples of the particle in a box. These projects will be described in more detail in forthcoming work, regarding both pedagogy and scientific results. The final projects took a few weeks and the lab sessions took about 6 h, with students working in pairs. Assessment so far indicates that students generally found the CURE activities to be interesting and inspiring, and further assessment is ongoing.

This article has proposed a computational paradigm for CUREs in materials science and engineering, aiming to inspire instructors elsewhere in this field (and related areas of physics and chemistry) to incorporate CUREs into their course and curricula. A key enabling feature, to keep the focus on materials rather than on details of theory and computational methods, is the use of simplified GUIs from nanoHUB.org that can run research-grade codes via a browser on remote clusters without need for significant computational skills. A notable example is the MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit which provides DFT and MD calculations. The calculations can be accessible for undergraduates, for both sophomore-level and upper-division classes. CUREs have positive effects on student attitudes and student learning, and help make undergraduate research more accessible and inclusive. From the instructor’s point of view, other benefits include using teaching time and effort to advance their research as an integrated activity, and the ability to use CUREs as an educational and broader impacts activity for grant proposals. Extensive guides on best practices in CUREs, as well as webinar content and teaching materials about this nanoHUB tool, are available to help design CUREs. I encourage instructors to adopt and adapt these ideas to bring CUREs into the field of materials science and engineering.

Data availability

The author declares that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Acknowledgments

I thank the students who have taken part in these CURE projects; Marcos García-Ojeda and Anubhav Jain for valuable discussions in formulating these ideas; and Enrique Guerrero, Elif Ertekin, Jeffrey C. Grossman, Daniel Richards, and Justin Riley for their contributions to the development of the MIT Atomic-Scale Modeling Toolkit. The nanoHUB team, especially Steven Clark, provided essential technical support. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-2144317 and by Cottrell Scholar award No. 26921, a program of Research Corporation for Science Advancement.

National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-2144317, Cottrell Scholar award No. 26921 from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement.

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Strubbe, D.A. A computational materials science paradigm for a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). MRS Advances (2024). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-024-00934-w

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Received : 06 June 2024

Accepted : 19 August 2024

Published : 28 August 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-024-00934-w

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Title: $\varepsilon$-msr codes for any set of helper nodes.

Abstract: Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes are a class of maximum distance separable (MDS) array codes capable of repairing any single failed node by downloading the minimum amount of information from each of the helper nodes. However, MSR codes require large sub-packetization levels, which hinders their usefulness in practical settings. This led to the development of another class of MDS array codes called $\varepsilon$-MSR codes, for which the repair information downloaded from each helper node is at most a factor of $(1+\varepsilon)$ from the minimum amount for some $\varepsilon > 0$. The advantage of $\varepsilon$-MSR codes over MSR codes is their small sub-packetization levels. In previous constructions of epsilon-MSR codes, however, several specific nodes are required to participate in the repair of a failed node, which limits the performance of the code in cases where these nodes are not available. In this work, we present a construction of $\varepsilon$-MSR codes without this restriction. For a code with $n$ nodes, out of which $k$ store uncoded information, and for any number $d$ of helper nodes ($k\le d<n$), the repair of a failed node can be done by contacting any set of $d$ surviving nodes. Our construction utilizes group algebra techniques, and requires linear field size. We also generalize the construction to MDS array codes capable of repairing $h$ failed nodes using $d$ helper nodes with a slightly sub-optimal download from each helper node, for all $h \le r$ and $k \le d \le n-h$ simultaneously.

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