future cars essay

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Cars of the future.

New cars will be smarter, safer, more efficient — and able to drive themselves.

The unique design of the EN-V might one day be the norm for transportation. 

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By Stephen Ornes

October 5, 2011 at 3:28 pm

On a sunny day last January, people flocked to Las Vegas to zip around a parking lot in small vehicles that looked more like colorful eggs than ordinary cars. The automobiles were electric, rolled on two wheels instead of four and held only two passengers. Thanks to their tiny size, six of the vehicles would fit in a parking spot. If the idea of parking such a small car makes you nervous, don’t worry: These cars can park themselves.

And return to their owners, when summoned by a button on a cell phone.

The vehicle is called the EN-V (pronounced like envy ). It is built by the General Motors, or GM, car company and points to what future automobiles might be like. One day, such small, electric vehicles might safely shuttle people around, especially in crowded cities.

Scientists and engineers are finding new ways to make cars safer, smarter and more efficient, or use less energy. New cars may help you keep track of your health by reminding you to take medication. If it’s electric, your car may send you a text reminding you to plug it in. Cars will talk to other cars, your computer, your phone and almost any other device. They’ll help drivers save energy, watch out for other drivers and avoid pedestrians.

This is the future of automobiles: safer, smarter and more energy-conscious. As an added bonus, they might even drive themselves down the highway or through a city. You can sit back and enjoy the ride. 

Who needs drivers?

Google is well known for its Internet search engine, but last year the company hit the highway. It sent a fleet of six self-driving cars into the world. Each wore a contraption on the top that looked like a wide metal headband topped by a small, spinning cylinder. People rode inside, but only to give directions and ensure that the car ran correctly.

The cars zipped all around northern California. They navigated the turns of the Pacific Coast Highway, a narrow road that hugs California’s rugged coastline. They crossed the Golden Gate Bridge and zigzagged down the eight tight turns of San Francisco’s Lombard Street, one of the crookedest streets in the world. All in all, the cars put on 225,300 kilometers (140,000 miles).

The company wasn’t just showing off. Google’s researchers have safety in mind, and the computer programs behind these cars are designed to turn roads into safer places. A computerized car, they say, won’t be distracted by phone calls or iPods. Using video cameras, radar sensors and lasers, the cars detect other autos and obstacles, which can help avoid crashes. Around the world each year, traffic accidents kill more than one million people and injure 50 million others.

“People who see our technology understand its potential to make driving safer and cut down on traffic,” says Sebastian Thrun, the engineer and computer scientist in charge of Google’s self-driving car program.

Until recently, the idea of a car that drives itself could be found only in science fiction. In the early 1980s, the television show Knight Rider featured a talking, thinking, bulletproof car named KITT. In episode after episode, the main character jumped in the car, gave some instructions and off they’d go to fight crime and solve mysteries.

In the real world, safety is the name of the game. André Platzer, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, points out that driverless trains have been running safely for years. In Detroit, an automated train has been shuttling people through downtown since 1987. At airports like the Denver International Airport, automated trains take people to their planes. In some ways, trains have it easy: They move only forward or backward, accelerating or braking. Building automated cars is a more complicated project.

“A car has lots of decisions, not just going forward and backward,” Platzer says. “You can always steer left and right, or steer left and right a little bit or a lot. There are other cars around, and then there are pedestrians, and all of a sudden the traffic light changes to red and all these other things.”

A car that drives itself must know what other cars are doing, which means managing a lot of information. At Carnegie Mellon, Platzer and his colleagues write computer programs that test the safety of self-driving cars. He says that self-driving cars will probably not be available to buy and use within the next few years, but they’re getting closer. Already, some new cars come with automatic braking systems and warnings that alert drivers to dangerous situations.

And as for parking? Self-driving cars have that covered, too. Ford, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Lincoln and Mercury already offer cars that can take control of the wheel to help drivers parallel park.

Platzer says that piece by piece, driverless technology is arriving. “We need to gain some experience and build in some safety technology and make sure people can rely on this,” he says. “If I want to sit in the car and read my newspaper and drink my coffee and not watch the road, then that’s something I can do only if I have enough trust in the system to handle all of the different situations in a reliable and safe way.”

My car, my friend, my nurse

Companies like Google are making cars smarter, safer, more independent — and friendlier. Future cars might get to know the people who ride inside.

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, in Cambridge, scientists have designed AIDA, which stands for Affective Intelligent Driving Assistant. AIDA is a small, white robot with glowing blue eyes that sits on the dashboard, watching the driver. The robot gives directions and uses a video camera to watch your face and recognize your emotions. It will try to cheer you up when you’re in a bad mood. AIDA also communicates with the world outside and helps you choose routes to avoid traffic jams or accidents.

Ford Motor Co. wants to let cars help out with a person’s health. The car’s onboard computer will communicate with medical devices, like a glucose monitor worn by a diabetic person. People with diabetes have to watch what they eat because their bodies have a hard time keeping sugar, or glucose, in balance. If blood sugar levels get too low, a person could become disoriented — or even pass out. Soon, Ford’s cars might help drivers keep track of their body chemistry.

Still other cars are being designed to respond to the habits of their owners. One of those owners is Nick Pudar, who lives near Detroit. When he returns to his home, he has to remember to recharge his phone. He also has to remember to recharge his car.

“I’m still not in the habit of that,” says Pudar, the Vice-President of Business Strategy for OnStar, which helps cars made by GM communicate wirelessly with the world. Pudar drives a Chevy Volt, which is mostly powered by electricity instead of gasoline. If Pudar forgets to plug in his car, at 10 p.m. it calls to remind him. That way, he won’t be stranded with a dead battery the next morning. 

Our lives already sap electricity with household appliances, computers and gadgets. If everyone plugs in their cars at the same time, the network of electricity suppliers and carriers might be overloaded and malfunction. There’s only so much electricity available at any one time.

When we flip a switch and the light comes on, we don’t think about where the energy comes from. Pudar says the electricity supply is like a box that makes rope, with a little rope hanging out the side. When you use electricity, it’s like pulling rope out of the box. The more you need, the faster you pull the rope, and the harder the rope-making box has to work to provide rope.

“Every box has a limit, and if you pull too fast, too hard, it can’t keep up,” Pudar says. “That’s a blackout.”

Later this year, OnStar will test a program to help GM’s electric cars. Instead of charging as soon as they’re plugged in, the cars will use information from the electric company and charge themselves when power is least costly or most available. In general, people use less electricity in the middle of the night, so this might be the best time to recharge. Pudar says electric cars need to be able to “talk” with the electric company, and vice versa, so they can both be smarter about energy.

Along for the ride

In 2009, Platzer climbed into a self-driving Chevy Tahoe named Boss. The car was designed by his colleagues at Carnegie Mellon. Two years earlier, it had won a competition where self-driving cars navigated through city streets, an honor that brought the researchers a cool $2 million prize. Platzer calls himself a “correctness guy,” and he was a little nervous about trusting his life to the machine.

“Right after the start signal, Boss hit the gas and rocketed forward, and I felt a bit like [I was] in a rollercoaster. Only those are safe, because they simply follow the tracks,” he says. “Boss didn’t have any tracks to follow…. The curve came closer and closer, yet Boss still didn’t hit the brakes. It actually didn’t hit the brakes until long after I would have. That was a rather odd feeling.”

Platzer trusted his colleagues, so he wasn’t too worried. Still, he says, scientists have a lot of work to do before self-driving cars can safely hit the streets. But like the masses that turned out in Las Vegas to watch the egglike EN-Vs glide silently through the parking lot, he’s excited about the future. It’s coming, and fast.

“Will [today’s] kids do their driver’s license test first, or will robot cars do their driver’s license test first?” wonders Platzer. “I don’t know, but I’m working on the driver’s license test for robot cars. Which is difficult.”

POWER WORDS

electricity The supply of electric current to a house or other structure for heating, lighting and powering appliances.

glucose A simple sugar and important energy source.

technology The use of scientific information for practical purposes, like devices or machines people can use.

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What does the future of driverless cars look like?

Amazon's autonomous vehicle unit, Zoox, announced plans to test-drive "robotaxis" in downtown Seattle. NPR's David Folkenflik speaks with historian Peter Norton.

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The History of Cars Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Introduction

It is hard to imagine life without cars. Cars have formed an important part of our lives and the quality and power of the car one drives is used to define his/her standard of living. They have become a status symbol rather than their original intention as a means of transport. Cars provide an individualized and privatized means of transportation.

The motor vehicles did not just rise in a single day but rather have evolved from the earliest models to the more sophisticated automobiles dominating our roads today. It has been a gradual process starting from when the wheel was first invented and through several other stages.

This paper traces the stages through the history that the cars have undergone from the primitive carriages of the 1880s to the fast, complex, and comfortable vehicle that dominate our roads in the 21st century (Volti 1).

The Invention of the Wheel

This marked the infancy stage in the development of transportation known to us today. However, it is hard to know who or exactly when the wheel was invented but reports show that this may date back to more than 5000 years. The inspiration for the development of the wheel arose as people sought for easier and better means of moving things around. People had discovered that rounded objects could lessen the amount of effort needed if heavy things were placed over them and pushed along.

The sledge was soon later incorporated as a means of moving things, it was recognized that when sledge was pulled on a smooth surface or on logs, the amount of energy needed to push it was reduced.

The sledge was further improved by making grooves on the logs on which it was placed thus reducing the amount of friction between the logs and the sledge. This further lessened the amount of the effort needed and when the wood between the two inner grooves were cut, the wood that remained between the grooves now formed the axle. This type of sledge formed the first carts.

The next natural thing that the inventors of the wheel did was to design the axle so that it could fit into the hole made in the centre of the wooden wheel. Further improvements on the axle were made to ensure that the axle remained static while the wheel was made to rotate on it. Further improvements on the design of the wheel were made in different parts of the world with an aim of fitting different purposes such as war chariots, racing carts, and freight wagons.

The Age of the Horse Drawn Carriages

During the first stages, the wheeled vehicles were pulled by people, oxen or horses but later the internal combustion engine were invented to replace ‘horse power’ as it was called then. The use of horses to pull the carriages allowed for the people to wield more power and to expand their territorial borders. The amount of pollution caused by horse wastes in European cities resulted in inventors looking for alternative forms of transportation.

The Horseless Carriages and the Steam Engine

Steam-powered vehicle came into being in the late 18th century but were only considered more potentially practical in the early 19th century. Nicholas Cugnot (1725-1804) built the first steam powered vehicles that were supposed to haul French army artillery. It is recorded that his first steam vehicle travelled at a steady 3km/hr but run out of the steam power in less than 25 minutes (Volti 2). Cugnot second steam engine also failed prompting the government to drop the project.

Development of Locomotives

Early 1830s witnessed continued interest in the steam as a source of power and the period continued to experience development in locomotives, steam powered tractors, and other forms of vehicles. In England, automobiles powered by steam were on the rise but their growth was terminated immaturely as more emphasis was laid on rail locomotives.

The Role of the Bicycle in the Development of Cars

There was great stride in the development of bicycles during the 1840s. The development of the bicycle is very important in the history of cars as most of the parts found in the early cars owed their origin from them.

Such parts as the chain-and-sprocket drive, the tires, bearings, spooked wheels and many other components of the automobile were derived from the bicycle. Steam cars faced limitations in the building technology and lack of good roads and it was only in the 19th century that personal transportation emerged. These cars were very heavy thus meaning that they could only travel on rails to function effectively.

The steam engines were therefore used on railroads leading to the great success of the railroad industry. The steam engines operated by burning wood or other fuel and the thus generated heated water in boilers. The resulting steam was used in driving pistons up and down and in the process turning the crankshaft, which ultimately moved the wheels. These steam engines required numerous stops to replenish its water and also needed long time to start.

The Internal Combustion Engines

Early attempts.

The invention of internal combustion engines was influenced by the idea of personal mobility. This venture required that individual vehicles have a source of power to drive them.

As already seen, steam power was out of question and could not be used in personal cars because of their weight and the fact that they could only use rails. This led to the idea of an internal combustion engine that contained an air-fuel mixture within it. Attempts to make an internal combustion engine dates back to the late 17th century; when efforts to use gunpowder were made but failed.

Lenoir’s double acting engine

In 1850s, a French engineer, Etienne Lenoir constructed a double acting engine in which an ignited mixture of air and gas was used to push the piston to the far end and of the cylinder creating a power stroke. When this piston was pushed back I the same mechanism, another power stroke was created and the exhausted gas was expelled.

Therefore, for each revolution of the crankshaft, two power strokes were produced. This kind of engine had its disadvantage in that the air was not compressed before being burned and therefore the engine produced less power and was inefficient. However, Lenoir’s engine was far much better when compared to the steam engine since it had a higher thermal efficiency.

Early development in Germany

In Germany, Nicholas Otto also made significant steps in the development of steam engine. Together with his friend Eugen Langen (1833-1895), Otto developed a four-stroke cycle in 1876. This model of engine was however not efficient but was a gap in the building of more improved combustion engines.

Daimler’s first ‘car’

In 1885, two of Otto’s workers; Gottlieb Daimler (1834-19000) and Wilhelm Maybach (1847-1929) made improvements on Otto’s four stroke engine by installing a single cylinder engine on a two wheeled frame which came to be referred to as the first motorcycle. The same engine was installed onto a four wheeled wagon to make the first internal combustion engine car (Volti 4).

Carl Benz (1844-1902) constructed a three wheeled vehicle that used Otto’s four stroke combustion engine and was better than that constructed by Daimler (Flink 11). Carl’s three wheeled vehicle marked the beginning of personalized road trips when his family made a 200 kilometres journey in it.

The progress of the internal combustion engine in France

Germany is credited with the manufacture of the first cars but credit also goes to France where considerable steps in the motor industry. Peugeot, a steel metal company, constructed the first car that used a v-twin engine which was a Daimler engine design. Peugeot later on produced its own design of engine which used independently pivoting wheels.

Another French company, Panhard et Levassor also introduced a car that was more sophisticated than the Peugeot. Panhard’s model of engine, termed systeme panhard had its engine mounted on the front and operated by turning the rear wheels via a driveshaft that run underneath the car.

The United States of America joins the car industry

The united states marked a slow start in the motor vehicle invention and remained stuck in the ‘buggy’ despite making big strides in the manufacture of other industrial products such as watches, typewriters and fire arms at relatively low costs. Its first internal combustion engine automobile was designed by Charles and frank Duryea in Massachusetts in 1893. The car was propelled by an engine with a single-cylinder and contained a spray carburetor and electric ignition.

In 1894, the first gasoline car was made by Elmer and Edger Apperson using the Hayne’s design. The Duryea motor wagon company came into existence in 1895 and specialized in gasoline cars. Henry Ford first built his two cylinder engine car in Detroit and only registered the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Other important car builders in US during the early stages included; Ransom E. Olds and William C. Durant who founded General Motors in 1908.

Electric Cars

This mostly came into being in the 1830s but failed due to the fact that early batteries were limited in their capacity to store energy. Because they operated within towns, the cars were relatively advantageous since they did not require to be occasionally replenished with water (Larmine & lowry 93).

They could also travel longer distance comparatively. However their prominence dwindled in the 1900s as the advantage was taken by the gasoline cars. Other factors that led to the near demise of electric cars were the expansion and betterment of roads between cities thus creating the need for long range cars. Gasoline availability also meant that gasoline cars were easier to maintain than the electric cars. Another brow to the electric cars was rendered by the invention of the electric starter by Charles Kettering in 1911.

The great success in the evolution of automobiles, prior to this development; vehicles powered by gasoline were started by a hand crank which was more dangerous and difficult to use. Finally, the initiation of mass production of vehicles using internal combustion engine made their availability and affordability possible when compared to electric cars (Mom 98).

During the years that followed (1911-1960s), there was an almost complete disappearance of the electric cars. The years between 1960 and 1970 experienced an urge to re-introduce electric cars. This was mainly because of the increase in air pollution caused by the internal combustion engine cars and the rise in the prices of crude oil. There followed many attempts by various companies to come up with electric trucks that would be easy to maintain.

Recent developments have been aimed at producing environmental friendly vehicles and emphasis has been laid on electric cars. Among some of the modern electric cars in the market include the Toyota RAV4 sport, Honda EV Plus sedan and several models of Chrysler.

Manufacturing Methods

Early car makers employed similar techniques in the manufacture of cars. This technique were however similar to those used in heavy engineering industries. Early automobile companies were initially bicycle makers such as Peugeot and the Riley in Britain.

These motor companies used skilled workers in modest workshops but as volume of production increased, there was change to batch system. In the one-off system, workers and parts moved to the areas of the workshop where the car was positioned. Accessory machines were also grouped in regard to the type of work performed by each.

Conveyer belts were first used in Henry Ford’s workshop. Assembly of the car parts was later done in one location. The first moving assembly line was used in Ford’s workshop. The chain driven assembly line replaced the sliding rail system in the ford workshop. Modern manufacturing techniques are highly automated and in some companies, most of the work is done by robots. The final results of modern technology are faster, more comfortable and reliable cars.

Modern Internal Combustion Engine Cars

There is a great deal of differences in cars we have today and those present in the early years. However, it is worth mentioning that the principles have relatively remained the same and only the outlook and few other aspects have been changing. Internal combustion engines may use diesel or petrol.

However, for a long time, diesel powered vehicle were neglected but are now making a comeback because of their high efficiency and long life. Diesel powered vehicle can also burn other types of fuel. These vehicles are more expensive compared to gas cars.

There are numerous car manufacturing companies today when compared to the earlier years. The US is today the highest producer of motor vehicles in the world today while Japan is the second. The amount of cars in the world today exceeds 1 billion with the number expected to rise in the near future. This large number of cars continues to cause far reaching effects on the environment due to pollution thus raising the issue of environmental friendly cars (Walsh 4).

It is true that the invention of cars completely changed the way of life of man. It was a gradual process that took place over a long period and underwent through numerous stages and processes. The history of the car spans back to about 250 year and took place in several countries in Europe and in the US. German is credited with being the place of birth of the motor cars. This important technical invention has helped shape various cultures in the world

• Automobile- a wheeled motor vehicle with own engine and used in transport
• Axle- a small shaft around which a wheel rotates
• Battery- electrochemical cells designed to convert chemical form of energy into electrical energy
• Buggy-a light carriage that is pulled by one horse or oxen
• Carburettor- a component of an internal combustion engine that mixes air and fuel
• Carriage – horse drawn vehicle.
• Chariot- a carriage that is drawn by horses and mainly used in ceremonies
• Combustion-the process of reacting oxygen with a given substance to yield heat and light
• Conveyer belts- a mobile belt that is used in industries to transport objects
• Crankshaft-a shaft found in cars that rotates when driven by a crank
• Crude oil- dark oil containing many hydro carbons
• Demise- death
• Diesel- heavy oil
• Driveshaft- a metal shaft that help transmit rotary power from the point of production (engine) to the point of application.
• Dwindle- to decline or decrease
• Gasoline- this is a very volatile mixture of several gases that comes from petroleum and functions as fuel for vehicles
• Groove- a furrow cut in wood
• Hayne’s design- an early design in the manufacture of engines in which it was placed in the front and the power transmitted to the rear of the car
• Ignition- process of making something catch fire
• Petrol- gasoline
• Piston- is a part of the internal combustion engines that is found in a cylinder and is used to channel power from the expanding gas to the crankshaft
• Pollution- contaminating the environment with harmful unwanted substances
• Propel- use of force to make an object move forward
• Railroad- metal road on which trains travel
• Replenish- refill
• Robot- a device designed to move automatically
• Sledge-a small vehicle that is pulled by a dog or a horse
• Spooked- wheel- a wheel with wire or wooden devices that held the axle in place
• Steam- vapour produced when water is heated.

Works Cited

Flink, James. The Automobile Age . USA: MIT press, 1998.

Larmine and lowry. Electric Vehicle Technology Explained . USA: John Willey and Sons, 2003

Mom, Gijs. The Electric Vehicle: Technology And Expectations In The Automobile Age . USA: John Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Volti, Rudi. Cars and Culture: The Life Story of a Technology . New York: John Hopkins University press. 2004

Walsh, Michael. Moving Toward Clean Vehicles and Fuels: A Global Overview. New York: Air and Waste Management Association, 2004.

• E-marketing for Otto Company limited
• Otto von Bismarck: Life and Significance
• Diesel and Gas Engines in Armored Vehicles
• Why the West Rules
• Political Organizations Through the History
• The Consequences of Interaction in Cultures and Civilizations
• British Involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade
• Major Historical Vents: Evolution or Revolution
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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IvyPanda . 2019. "The History of Cars." February 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-history-of-cars/.

1. IvyPanda . "The History of Cars." February 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-history-of-cars/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The History of Cars." February 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-history-of-cars/.

How electric vehicles will shape the future

April 23, 2022 The electric vehicle landscape is rapidly changing as both technology and interest evolve, and the coming years will see many more EVs take to the roads, seas, and skies. In the US, electric vehicles sales have climbed by more than 40 percent a year since 2016. By 2035, the largest automotive markets will be fully electric—providing both a glimpse of a green future and significant economic opportunity. Explore our insights to find out:

• the future of flying taxis
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EV fluids: Say goodbye to the oil change

Net-zero emissions in US government fleets

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The technology that we have today is unbelievable compared to what the companies had when we first started to make cars. We all know that our future is getting more and more advanced, and we will possibly have these self driving cars within the next ten years. Overall, we need to prepare ourselves for the next generation of cars. This research paper is written to explain safety, pollution, and time that will be saved with the use of self driving cars.

The Negative Effects Of Self-Driving Cars

While self-driving vehicles will provide a new form of technology in the future, they will affect our society by being an emerging technology that is innovative, dangerous, and unreliable. Self-driving cars are a new form of emerging technology. An article that was recently published discussed the positive and negative effects of self-driving buses which led to research on self-driving cars. The emerging technology of driverless vehicles was introduced on public roadways. Crelin stated that “Long predicted to be an impending and emerging technology, driverless vehicles developed slowly over the course of the twentieth century but emerged fully into public view in the first decades of the twenty-first” (1).

Should Driverless Cars Be Allowed

Juston Marler American Lit. Should driverless cars be allowed? Screech!! Crash!! Your driverless car was driving on a gravel road and lost control.

Benefits Of Self Driving Essay

The benefits of owning a self driving car are so great, more should be on the road. One of the greatest, most desirable advantages is that there will be way less car accidents, and less fatal ones too. The article, “Self driving cars are just around the corner. Is it a good thing?”

Distracted Driving

These advances have become so deeply rooted in our society one cannot seem to go a single day without their phone or laptop or other electronic devices. People are constantly going on the Internet and checking their phones whether it is to text someone or post a status update or a picture. Personally this issue not only affects my generation, it hits close to home as well. The goal is to successfully address an issue in a way that provides a better well being for society as a whole. Distracted driving is an epidemic that can be controlled.

Essay On Living In A Driverless Future

Across the world, hundreds of millions or even perhaps billions of people will be safer than ever, more prosperous than ever, and more efficient than ever. Despite, some people will say self-driving cars will foster an environment of less safety, rather than more. They say hackers may be able gain control of cars from the outside. However, this is not true because the sensors on a car can and will be programmed to automatically detect and shut down malicious invaders, through reasons which I actually will explain later. When the next great locomotion revolution comes, everyone needs to be ready to embrace all the benefits and great luxuries which will come with self-driving cars without any hesitation.

More about Future Of Cars Essay

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• Driverless car
• Electric vehicle
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Essay Future of Cars

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Future of Cars Vehicles have been around Europe and the United States since the late 19th century. Henry Ford was the first person to produce inexpensive vehicles quickly and was the one to start Ford Motor Company. Ford vehicles, as well as many other vehicle companies, have caused people to think differently as to how to travel from one place to another in an efficient manner. From its inception to today, vehicles have changed dramatically. We as drivers feel having the new features or advanced technology in our vehicles is considered unique, especially if it’s under our ownership. Many engineers who currently are working on producing and designing vehicle models have brought new features, that will appear soon in one of America’s …show more content…

Many of these companies are experimenting with this idea and the benefits from changing our current brakes to digital brakes for our future vehicles. I hope they are researching their new technological ideas so that accidents will be eliminated. I admit that digital technology in vehicles sounds like an exiting advancement that will take place in the future. The pressure of driving will be taken off the driver. The new technology will allow drivers to be entertained by other passengers, looking at the passing scenery or doing last minute check-ups. The driver will not have to worry about when to brake or how to stop the vehicle. The driver will assume that the tiny digital chip that was installed in their vehicle will do the work correctly. I assume the driver will only have the responsibility to maneuver the vehicle into the direction the driver and passenger want to go and will control the speed of the vehicle. On the other hand since, we are not sure of the outcome, we as drivers will not feel comfortable with technology doing the work. Once again, I assume, as a driver that we will not feel confident while driving with this new technology that is extremely advanced. When I press the brakes I don’t like the idea of a chip having the control of stopping the vehicle. Although we are not aware of them at the moment, the new digital

Argumentative Essay About Driverless Cars

Driverless cars are the technology of the future. There is no longer a need to drive using your hands, just type in your destination in the GPS, and the car gets you there. These cars are still being tested, but they are expected to get on the roads soon. There are some drawbacks that have held up the process to let these cars on the roads, but the companies will fix these problems. Driverless cars have a lower crash rate than humans, they are safe, and don’t make mistakes like people do on the road.

How The Automobile Has Changed Society

The automobile began as a rich man’s toy, and in today’s society almost every single person owns one of these miraculous inventions. After the automobile became more popular, society has evolved around it, creating highways and fast food chains. The automobile has revised from a bare invention, such as the horseless carriage, to now technologically advanced motor vehicles with bluetooth and wireless internet. Since the beginning age of the automobile in 1885, the invention has advanced, prospered, and changed society throughout the world.

Technology Effects On Driving Cars

Cars are something that almost every person has or will use in their everyday life or need to use their car to get to and from work or school everyday. Well in this paper you will learn about what technology has done to change the Automotive Industry as well as your everyday life. This paper will be focusing on the Technologies inside of the car, along with the Technologies that keep you safe and also a little bit about Self-Driving Cars. So fasten your seatbelts while you are reading this paper.

How Can Driverless Cars Be Good For America?

Imagine never having to touch a steering wheel again and using this time at your leisure. According to the article PRO/CON: Will self-driving cars be good for America? By Robert Peterson and Eric Peters, Tribune News Service this may be part of our not-so-distant future. Recently many companies have been experimenting with driverless car technology and this could mean a whole new generation of driving. This new driverless car is the safe, clean, and refreshing gateway to the future of automobiles.

Are Americans Ready For Cars Essay

Self-driving cars will soon be in their rearview mirrors. I do believe Americans are ready for cars that can drive themselves?, and it be safe for “ai’s” on the road instead of normal human drivers?, and this will be beneficial to traffic, crashes, and time? With General Motors vehicle-to-vehicle, or V2V, communications technology in some of its upcoming Cadillac models, it will definitely reduce the many crashes we have each year, because of it's ability to brake and avoid hitting other cars. Who knows when these new “self-driving-cars” will be on the road, or weather they'll help make the road a safer place, but with technology advancing every day let's just say it might come sooner than we

Summary: A Nation No Longer Behind The Wheel

Since the twentieth century, America has dominated the car industry business. Automobiles have made a major influence in the society and the economy of America ever since. Especially when Henry Ford, founder of Ford Motor Company, developed two of his inventions, Model T and Model A, flourished into a big success around the 1900’s. Nonetheless, the culture we live in today is influenced tremendously by the advanced technology we created, and it grants industries new opportunities that may evolve the automobile business as we know it.

Argumentative Essay On Microwaves

There are still lots of problem researchers need to solve and improve on. But the whole idea of preventing drivers’ safety is absolutely positive and right. Maybe the researchers can create a tiny implant which is put into drivers’ brains that could force the drivers to use it all the time in the future, to achieve its aim of truly preventing drivers from accidents. Imagine how it looks like later, when you get to the car, it is already opened, and automatically closed when you leave them. Not only for cars, maybe they will also spread this technology on all the human devices like smartphone and computer.

Self Driving Research Paper

Think about getting into your car to go on vacation. You have everything pacted, hop in, and get ready to watch a movie. This is starting to become a reality in the coming years. More and more industries are starting to dump millions of dollars into invoicing a safe, self driving vehicle. However, is this really a positive step with the innovation of transportation.Transportation with technology is evolving with us everyday. Self Driving cars are one of the new forms of technology. Driverless cars are beginning to enter the roadway currently. National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations Joan Claybrook, believes that it will take between 10-30 years before driverless cars are good enough to be fully administered on the roadway (Greenhouse).

Driving Into The Future Summary

The Washington post expresses that these types of cars are coming soon by stating that Google is not only increasing the testing of its completely automated cars, but will be publishing the results in order to gain the support of the masses. To speed things up the editors encourage states and companies help back and verify the claims made by the automated car manufacturers.

Persuasive Essay On Driverless Cars

The article, “The Promise of a Post-Driver Life” states, car accidents occur every day, leaving someone seriously injured about every seven-seconds and one dead about every fourteen minutes (Humas). Surprisingly, driverless vehicles are on the rise and people do not know how to react or what to think about them. While the number of accidents on the road has increased over the years. Driverless cars could be a solution to help to mend the problem and help eliminate driver errors. Some people believe we should have driverless vehicles while others say they would be too dangerous. Many people in the United States feel driverless cars can create a decrease in the number of accidents, create a better traffic flow, and create greater mobility for those who cannot drive, while others say it would be too hazardous with possible computer malfunctions, cyber attacks, and relying on algorithms to make ethical decisions.

Driverless Cars Research Paper

Driverless cars will have the biggest impact on public health of any advancement in automobile history, eliminating up to 90% of all traffic fatalities in the U.S.

Persuasive Speech: Purchase an Automobile in 1908 Essay examples

• 5 Works Cited

Henry Ford has released his invention to the public. It is a horseless carriage that he calls the automobile. He has told us that this contraption will eventually be made available to the entire world. This is going to have a radical change on our society, as we know it.

Self Driving Cars

According to today's society, we can see a drastic change in technology today. Most Americans today tend to believe that self-driving cars are going to become very widespread over the next couple decades. The purpose of self-driving cars are to dramatically reduce traffic accidents; In other words, self-driving cars will be safer and more efficient than a normal car. For example, Psychologist Peter Hancock in his article titled, “Are Autonomous Cars Really Safer Than Human Drivers” asserts that over 90 percent of car crashes in the U.S. have been due to human error. ASIRT (Association for safe international road travel) has also calculated that, “Over 1.3 million people die every year from

Self Driving Vehicles

Studies have shown some consumers are cautious of handing over control to a computer, however studies have also shown they are quick to overcome these fears when that have even a brief, positive experience with the technology. With developer companies investing and pushing for this technology, it is simply a matter of time before everyone and their neighbor is familiar and comfortable in driverless vehicles.

General Motors 10k

“The pace of our development and introduction of new and improved vehicles depends on our ability to implement successfully improved technological innovations in design, engineering, and manufacturing, which requires extensive capital investment.” Page 27

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• Motor company
• New technology
• Late 19th century
• Auto industry
• Advanced technology

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Ielts essay # 1237 - in the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, in the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. the only people travelling inside these vehicles will be passengers., do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages.

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Cars: Past, Present & Future (A Free Course from Stanford)

Course Descrip­tion : In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s nov­el The Great Gats­by, it was a mur­der weapon. In the movie The Grad­u­ate, it was a sym­bol of youth­ful rebel­lion. In count­less songs it has served as a metaphor for every­thing from sex­u­al­i­ty to social sta­tus. It has shaped our cities and changed our his­to­ry. It has expand­ed our hori­zons and deter­mined our pol­i­tics. It is the auto­mo­bile.

In this course (orig­i­nal­ly pre­sent­ed in Stan­ford’s Con­tin­u­ing Stud­ies pro­gram ) we will explore the past, present, and future of the auto­mo­bile, bridg­ing the human­i­ties, social sci­ences, design, and engi­neer­ing, and tak­ing up the human expe­ri­ences of design­ing, mak­ing, dri­ving, being dri­ven, liv­ing with, and dream­ing of the auto­mo­bile. Con­ver­sa­tions with guest col­leagues from Stan­ford and beyond will focus on a dif­fer­ent theme each week and will be sup­port­ed by read­ings and media: cars in the movies; the quest for speed and per­for­mance; the engi­neer­ing chal­lenges of auto­mo­bil­i­ty; the psy­chol­o­gy of dri­ving; auto­mo­tive archae­ol­o­gy; the future of mobil­i­ty; autonomous cars; the car as art; and cars and glob­al­iza­tion. Over­all the course is intend­ed to offer a case study in the inter­dis­ci­pli­nary under­stand­ing of human-cen­tered design. Root­ed in an appre­ci­a­tion of the rich­ness of our human expe­ri­ence with the car, the course is informed by his­to­ry, archae­ol­o­gy, ethnog­ra­phy, human-tech­nol­o­gy inter­ac­tion, mechan­i­cal engi­neer­ing, and cog­ni­tive sci­ence.

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• Sven Beik­er, Exec­u­tive Direc­tor, CARS (Cen­ter for Auto­mo­tive Research at Stan­ford)
• Reil­ly Bren­nan, Exec­u­tive Direc­tor, Revs Pro­gram at Stan­ford
• Chris Gerdes, Asso­ciate Pro­fes­sor, School of Engi­neer­ing; Direc­tor of CARS (Cen­ter for Auto­mo­tive Research at Stan­ford) and the Revs Pro­gram at Stan­ford
• Joe Hus­tein, Lawyer; Lec­tur­er in Mechan­i­cal Engi­neer­ing — Design, Stan­ford
• David Kel­ley, Founder, IDEAO; Don­ald W. Whit­ti­er Pro­fes­sor in Mechan­i­cal Engi­neer­ing; Direc­tor, Has­so Plat­tner Insti­tute of Design and the Stan­ford Design Pro­gram
• Cliff Nass, Thomas More Storke Pro­fes­sor and Pro­fes­sor, by cour­tesy, of Soci­ol­o­gy, of Com­put­er Sci­ence, of Edu­ca­tion and of Law; Direc­tor of CARS (Cen­ter for Auto­mo­tive Research at Stan­ford) and The Revs Pro­gram at Stan­ford
• Jonathan Sum­mers, Motor­ing His­to­ri­an, Film­mak­er

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EVs Could Last Nearly Forever—If Car Companies Let Them

An electric car capable of running for 1 million miles is within reach.

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In April, a group of people in a red Tesla driving through the Moroccan desert were glued to the odometer on the car’s giant touch screen. “Two million, Hans! Two million,” exclaimed the front-seat passenger to the owner and driver, Hansjörg von Gemmingen-Hornberg. His 2014 Model S had become likely the first electric vehicle to drive 2 million kilometers, or more than 1.2 million miles. The car could have traveled from the Earth to the moon and back, twice, then circled the equator 11 times.

The journey wasn’t entirely seamless. The car has had its share of repairs, including several battery and motor replacements. A handful of gas-powered cars have driven farther , most of all a 1966 Volvo that racked up some 3 million miles over five decades. But such fantastic mileages are becoming far easier to accomplish for ordinary commuters with electric cars. On a technological level, it’s possible that we’re not far from a time when nobody would flinch at an EV with as much mileage as von Gemmingen-Hornberg’s—that is, unless car companies themselves get in the way.

Unlike gas-powered engines—which are made up of thousands of parts that shift against one other—a typical EV has only a few dozen moving parts. That means less damage and maintenance , making it easier and cheaper to keep a car on the road well past the approximately 200,000-mile average lifespan of a gas-powered vehicle. And EVs are only getting better. “There are certain technologies that are coming down the pipeline that will get us toward that million-mile EV,” Scott Moura, a civil and environmental engineer at UC Berkeley, told me. That many miles would cover the average American driver for 74 years . The first EV you buy could be the last car you ever need to purchase.

Gas cars are already astonishingly durable. In theory, they can just keep getting repaired (that’s how you get classic cars). But after they get to be about 12 to 15 years old, major problems such as a shot engine or a broken transmission are frequently not worth the cost of repair. Even without problems, a newer car is likely to have much better gas mileage than an older one, making a trade-in appealing. EVs are still so new that few of them are a decade old, meaning we have yet to figure out the exact limit of their life span. The ones that do exist give us some sense. Several older Teslas and Nissan Leafs have topped 300,000 miles—as did the first three batteries in von Gemmingen-Hornberg’s million-miler. His first Tesla, a Roadster purchased in 2009, has itself traveled more than 400,000 miles.

The biggest factor in EV longevity is the batteries. Just like those in a smartphone, they degrade over time. A battery might lose 1 or 2 percent of its maximum range each year, depending on how it is charged and used—meaning that after 15 years, a car’s range might have slipped from 300 miles to 210 miles per charge. Repairing a car’s battery is difficult, if not impossible , and replacements are expensive, Ed Kim, the chief analyst at the consulting firm AutoPacific, told me. Many EV warranties today will cover replacements to a battery for either eight years or 100,000 miles of driving, and they are considered due for replacement once they’ve dipped below 70 percent of their initial capacity, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Batteries today are expected to take far longer to lose that much of their maximum charge— potentially 300,000 miles, or about 15 to 20 years.

The life span should only improve. Batteries are “one of the most active areas in EV development,” Kim said. Prices are plummeting , which will make battery replacement more feasible. And as the range of new EV batteries keeps going up, longevity will also benefit. Some EV batteries, including the one in the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range, can already last for some 500,000 miles on the road, Moura said. One Chinese manufacturer recently announced a battery warranted for nearly 1 million miles. And even more durable battery designs, Moura said, are in the works. A researcher at Tesla has tested a battery that he claims could drive for 4 million miles , or roughly 100 years, under the right conditions.

Of course, how long a car can keep running is not necessarily the same as how long somebody wants to drive it. EVs are more high-tech than gas cars, and standard improvements—longer range, faster charging, a better touch screen and infotainment system, improved autopilot features—would compel people to buy new models, just as they do for any tech gadget today. But at some point, each successive model won’t be all that much better than the last. “Do I need a slightly better sensor so that the windshield wipers work better when it rains?” as Loren McDonald, an EV consultant, put it to me. “Maybe I don’t.” With continued battery improvements, more drivers may opt to stick with an older car rather than buy a new one. A decade-old EV that can go 400 miles on a single charge, instead of its initial 500 miles, will be more than sufficient for most drivers.

The longevity of EVs, and any appetite for new cars, might help address one of the primary complaints with these cars: that their sticker prices are too high for the typical American household. Used cars, which will continue to work well while requiring fewer repairs, will open up the EV revolution to much of the country. A used Tesla can already be purchased for roughly $20,000. “We have to think about how we design these vehicles, not for the first owner, but for the third, the fourth, the fifth owner,” Moura said.

Even if many people are content with driving the same EV for decades, car companies may try to stop them. Tesla, Ford, and other auto manufacturers will need people to buy new EVs, and may well create incentives for us to do so. In the EV age, car companies are acting more like tech companies and bringing more software to their cars than ever before. The entire auto industry could follow an adoption-and-replacement cycle a lot like that of the iPhone: It used to be common to buy a new iPhone every couple of years for a faster processor, better camera, and larger screen. Now the iPhone 15 isn’t that different from the iPhone 11. But people do, of course, constantly buy new phones from Apple. The old ones are expensive or difficult to repair and, with every software update, seem to slow down just a bit more until the devices are no longer eligible for updates at all.

Whereas Apple commands a ton of brand loyalty and a dominant hold on smartphone sales, causing a car’s battery or motor to degrade faster is a great strategy for losing customers. Carmakers’ approach may not resemble planned obsolescence so much as “planned improvements,” McDonald said—making older hardware incompatible with software updates or other new functions. Tesla’s Autopilot, for instance, is only compatible with vehicles built after September 2014 , and newer updates to the feature don’t work with older cars that lack more advanced sensors and cameras. Car companies may be able to ensnare people in software-and-gadget ecosystems, just as Apple does. As Ford, GM, Tesla, and other automakers sell home-charging systems and other energy products, car owners might have to upgrade their vehicles to keep up. It’s a sort of capture akin to how, even if you don’t want to buy the new iPhone, you might pay for upgraded iCloud storage so you don’t run out of memory, or buy an Apple Watch to easily check your iMessages.

The bigger concern is that the same battles over the “ right to repair ” an iPhone are also coming to cars.  Even though EVs require fewer repairs, they aren’t maintenance free. And right now, most EV repairs can be done only by manufacturers and their retailers. Any mechanic can fix pretty much any traditional car, but EVs require specialized parts and training that are hard to come by. Whether automakers will make the spare parts and technical knowledge needed to fix EVs available to independent repair shops is uncertain. Tesla has already faced multiple class-action antitrust lawsuits alleging that the company maintains an unlawful monopoly over maintenance and replacement parts. (A judge dismissed the suits in November, although the ruling did not weigh in on the monopoly question.) “What I foresee is that [with] newer vehicles, the ability for an individual to repair it themselves is becoming less,” Moura said.

Longevity is not just a bonus to EVs; it’s central to their promise. Cars that spend more years on the road means less carbon from the manufacturing process, less mining for battery minerals, and less scrap metal. More used vehicles that cycle through more owners will mean the same. If car companies continue to act more like tech companies as their products become more like tech gadgets, an entire avenue of their green potential could be closed off.

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Electric Cars Are Suddenly Becoming Affordable

More efficient manufacturing, falling battery costs and intense competition are lowering sticker prices for battery-powered models to within striking distance of gasoline cars.

By Jack Ewing

Alex Lawrence, a dealer in Salt Lake City who specializes in used electric cars, has seen a change over the last year in the kinds of customers who are coming into his showroom. They used to be well-heeled professionals who could drop $70,000 on a Rivian luxury pickup truck.

Recently, Mr. Lawrence said, customers have been snapping up used Teslas for a little over $20,000, after applying a $4,000 federal tax credit.

“We’re seeing younger people,” Mr. Lawrence said. “We are seeing more blue-collar and entry-level white-collar people. The purchase price of the car has suddenly become in reach.”

Regarded by conservative politicians and other critics as playthings of the liberal elite, electric vehicles are fast becoming more accessible. Prices are falling because of increased competition, lower raw-material costs and more efficient manufacturing. Federal tax credits of up to $7,500 for new electric cars, often augmented by thousands of dollars in state incentives, push prices even lower.

At the same time, technology is improving quickly and making electric vehicles more practical. Cars that can travel more than 300 miles on a fully charged battery are becoming common, and charging times are dropping below 30 minutes. The number of fast chargers, which can top up a battery in less than half an hour, grew 36 percent from April 2023 to April 2024.

Carmakers including Tesla, Ford, General Motors and Stellantis, the owner of Jeep, have announced plans for electric vehicles that would sell new for as little as $25,000.

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Evs are cleaner and have brighter futures than traditional cars.

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NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 27: A new Lexus electric car is displayed at the New York International ... [+] Auto Show on March 27, 2024 in New York City. The annual show, which opens to the public on March 29th, is one of the largest auto shows in the world and reveals numerous new car models for both the public and the media. This year's show includes an emphasis on new electric and hybrid models. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

The 2024 national elections will pit fossil-fueled interests against the clean energy economy. However, the politicians shouldn’t do that to voters. To that end, electric vehicles will take center stage. The technology has come a long way over the last decade and could eventually overtake the internal combustion engine.

Undoubtedly, voters will be hit with misinformation. EVs have many selling points, but one of the most critical is that they are cleaner than traditional cars. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the lifecycle emissions tied to EVs are much lower. The primary driver—no pun intended—is the underlying fuel used to charge the battery. The dirtier the fuel, the longer the lifecycle.

“At the beginning of their lives, battery-electric vehicles, or BEVs, are emissions-intensive, thanks in large part to their battery-manufacturing needs,” says Corey Cantor, senior associate, electric vehicles, BloombergNEF . “But once on the road, internal combustion engine vehicles quickly speed past BEVS – in terms of CO2 emissions, at least – because of the heavy emissions that gas-guzzling cars spew.”

BloombergNEF looked at the United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. On average, the lifecycle CO2 emissions of a medium-sized battery-electric vehicle manufactured today and driven 155,000 miles would be 27%- 71% less than those of an equivalent car with an internal combustion engine.

Drivers in the United States hit the “breakeven point” at 25,500 miles—roughly two years into ownership. In China, that number is 73,300 miles. Those figures will improve for two reasons: First, the grids are becoming greener internationally, and second, the battery technologies are improving.

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Moreover, the rare earths used in them are recyclable, which will reduce lifecycle emissions. Meanwhile, the Inflation Reduction Act enacted two years ago encourages the on-shoring of battery technology—a process that could reduce emissions tied to global transport, BNEF says.

Lithium-ion batteries use five critical raw materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite. They also use aluminum and copper. The good news is that the quality of the reprocessed minerals can be as good as “virgin” or extracted supplies. However, mining and recycling will coexist for a while.

“We can recover up to 95% of all the materials in the lithium battery and return them to new batteries or the economy. This is a net environmental benefit relative to mining these materials,” Tim Johnston, co-founder and executive chair of Li-Cycle Holding Corp., told me. In comparison, fossil fuels are used just once.

How Do Oil Companies Respond?

An Electric Vehicle charging station in Monterey Park, California on May 18, 2021. - President Joe ... [+] Biden's administration continues the push for alternative forms of transportation and energy and on a visit today to the Ford Motor plant in Dearborn, Michigan, Biden made the case for his $174 billion electric-vehicle proposal, urging automakers not to build zero-emission vehicles abroad for US consumers and touting electric vehicles as the future of the auto industry. (Photo by Frederic J. BROWN / AFP) (Photo by FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP via Getty Images)

Electric vehicles will be a significant market. The European Union is phasing out the internal combustion engine by 2040, while this country wants half of all vehicles to run on electricity by 2030. BloombergNEF estimates that carmakers internationally will sell 42 million EVs by 2030 or 44% of sales—notably more significant than the 10.5 million EVs sold in 2022. The Edison Electric Institute projects 26.4 million EVs in this country in 2030.

Ryan Cornell of Harvard University agrees with BNEF’s findings. He says a traditional car will emit about 69 metric tons of CO2 over a lifetime, or 150,000 miles. However, an EV powered 100% by coal will emit 66 metric tons of CO2 over the same period. Given that nearly every grid in America hosts several fuel sources, that’s a conservative figure.

The batteries are more efficient than the internal combustion engine, meaning that more energy comes out for each unit that goes in. The Union of Concerned Scientists found that EVs create the same level of heat-trapping emissions as a car that gets 88 miles per gallon—which doesn’t exist.

How are oil companies reacting to this phenomenon? BloombergNEF, Wood Mackenzie, and BP have predicted that oil’s relevance in the transport sector will wane as EV interest picks up. In the most extreme case, BP says global oil demand will decline by 80% by 2050. Its “business-as-usual” case falls by 10% during this time. Otherwise, expect a 50% drop.

Oil companies are broadly diversifying their business plans and getting more into green energy. They invest about 2.7% of their total capital spending in sustainable enterprises. That is about $20 billion annually—not enough, says the International Energy Agency , which maintains it should be 50% of the total spend.

“We’re finding that the major oil companies have taken a look over the fence, and they realize there is an existential crisis coming: EV adoption will make the internal combustion engine a thing of the past,” Kyle Pynn, director of transportation electrification for Burns & McDonnell, told me.

That doesn’t mean that the “resistance” to cultural and economic change won’t try to throw up roadblocks—much of which we will hear as the election season gets into full swing. The bottom line is that EVs are cleaner and have a brighter future than traditional cars.

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Cars on Rails: Fun Times at Unfinished Moscow Tram Road

Occasionally, if you have to cross a certain road to continue going

by Carscoop

Occasionally, if you have to cross a certain road to continue going your way, you just do it regardless of the condition it is in, something that these Moscow drivers know all too well.

Evidently, this part of the road that goes under an overpass and which is used by trams as well, remains unfinished, but authorities left it open.

Without thinking about it much, local motorists of all sorts of automobiles and trucks carefully place their wheels on the rails and hope they steer their way through without busting any parts of their rides.

A video compilation from an overhead security camera follows below the break.

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--> 02/21/2012 All three core areas rely significantly on transit. Muscovites use the Metro at about the same rate as New Yorkers use the subway, taking about 200 trips each year. Tokyo citizens use their two Metro systems at nearly 1.5 times the rate used in Moscow. But there are important differences. Moscow officials indicate that approximately two-thirds of Moscow's employment is in the central area. This is a much higher figure than in the world’s two largest central business districts -- Tokyo's Yamanote Loop and Manhattan -- each with quarter or less of their metropolitan employment. Both New York City and Tokyo's 23 wards have extensive freeway lengths in their cores, which help to make their traffic congestion more tolerable. Moscow's arterial street pattern was clearly designed with the assumption that the dominant travel pattern would be into the core. Major streets either radiate from the core, or form circles or partial circles at varying distances from it. In New York City and Tokyo's  23 wards there are radial arterials, but,the major streets generally form a grid, which is more conducive to the cross-town traffic and the more random trip patterns that have emerged in the automobile age. Moscow has become much, more reliant on cars,  following the examples of metropolitan areas across Europe. The old outer circular road, which encloses nearly all of the central municipality, was long ago upgraded to the MKAD, a 10 lane freeway as long as Washington's I-495 Capital Beltway (65 miles or 110 kilometers). The MKAD has become a primary commercial corridor, with large shopping centers and three nearby IKEAs. It is not surprising, therefore, that traffic congestion and air pollution became serious problems in Moscow. The road system that had been adequate when only the rich had cars was no longer sufficient. The "cookie-cutter" apartment blocks, which had served Iron Curtain poverty, had become obsolete. The continued densification of an already very dense core city led to an of intensification of traffic congestion and air pollution. Transit-oriented Moscow was not working, nor could "walkability" make much difference. In such a large urban area, it is inevitable that average travel distances, especially to work, will be long. Geographically large employment markets are the very foundation of major metropolitan areas. If too many jobs are concentrated in one area, then the traffic becomes unbearable, as many become able to afford cars and use them. Traffic congestion was poised to make Moscow dysfunctional. The leadership of both the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow chose an unusual path, in light of currently fashionable urban planning dogma. Rather than making promises they could not keep about how higher densities or more transit could make the unworkable city more livable, they chose the practical, though in urban planning circles, the "politically incorrect" solution:  deconcentrating the city and its traffic. Last year, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev proposed that Moscow be expanded to a land area 2.3 times as large. Local officials and parliament were quickly brought on board. The expanded land area is nearly double that of New York's suburban Nassau County, and is largely rural (Note 2). Virtually all of the expansion will be south of the MKAD. The plan is to create a much larger, automobile-oriented municipality, with large portions of the Russian government to be moved to the expanded area. Employment will be decentralized, given the hardening of the transport arterials that makes the monocentric employment pattern unsustainable. Early plans call for commercial construction more than four times that of Chicago's loop. At the same time, the leadership does not intend to abandon the older, transit-oriented part of the municipality. Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has voiced plans to , adding that there will be the opportunity to build underground parking facilities as refurbishments proceed. Moscow appears to be preparing to offer its citizens both an automobile-oriented lifestyle and a transit-oriented one. The reduced commercial traffic should also make central Moscow a more attractive environment for tourists, who spend too much time traveling between their hotels and historic sites, such as the Kremlin and St. Basil's. As Moscow expands, the national leadership also wants the Russian family to expand. Russia has been losing population for more than 20 years. Since 1989, the population of the Russian Federation has dropped by 4.5 million residents. When the increase of 3.0 million in the Moscow area is considered, the rest of the nation has lost approximately 7.5 million since 1989. Between the 2002 and the 2010 censuses, Russia lost 2.2 million people and dropped into a population of 142.9 million. Russia's population losses are pervasive. Out of the 83 federal regions, 66 lost population during the last census. Continued population losses could significantly impair national economic growth. The projected smaller number of working age residents will produce less income, while a growing elderly population will need more financial support. This is not just a Russian problem, but Russia is the first of the world's largest nations to face the issue while undergoing a significant population loss. The government is planning strong measures to counter the demographic decline, increase the birth rate, and create a home ownership-based "Russian Dream". Families having three or more children will be across the nation., including plots of up to nearly one-third of an acre ( ).  Many of these houses could be built in Moscow's new automobile- oriented two-thirds, as well as in the extensive suburbs on the other three sides of the core municipality. While population decline is the rule across the Russian Federation, the Moscow urban area has experienced strong growth. Between 2002 and 2010, the Moscow urban area grew from 14.6 million to 16.1 million residents (Note 3). This 1.3 percent annual rate of increase  exceeds the recently the recently announced growth in Canada (1.2 percent). This rate of increase exceeds that of all but 8 of the 51 major metropolitan areas (Note 4) in the United States between 2000 and 2010. While the core district grew 6 percent  and added 41,000 residents, growth was strongest outside the core, which accommodated 97 percent of the new residents (See Table). Moscow's outer districts grew by nearly 1.1 million residents, an 11 percent increase, and its suburbs continued to expand, adding 400,000 residents, an increase of 10  percent. These areas have much lower densities than the city, with many single-family houses. Table Moscow Urban Area Population 2002 2010 Change % Change Share of Growth Inner Moscow 701,000 743,000 41,000 5.9% 2.7% Outer Moscow 9,681,000 10,772,000 1,090,000 11.3% 70.3% Suburban 4,198,000 4,617,000 420,000 10.0% 27.0% Total 14,581,000 16,132,000 1,551,000 10.6% 100.0% Note: Suburban population includes the total population of each district and city that is at least partially in the urban area. Moscow, like other international urban areas , is decentralizing, despite considerable barriers. The expansion will lead to even more decentralization, which is likely to lead to less time "stuck in traffic" and more comfortable lifestyles. Let's hope that Russia's urban development policies, along with its plans to restore population growth, will lead to higher household incomes and much improved economic performance. Wendell Cox is a Visiting Professor, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris and the author of “ War on the Dream: How Anti-Sprawl Policy Threatens the Quality of Life ” Note 1: The 23 ward (ku) area of Tokyo is the geography of the former city of Tokyo, which was abolished in the 1940s. There is considerable confusion about the geography of Tokyo. For example, the 23 ward area is a part of the prefecture of Tokyo, which is also called the Tokyo Metropolis, which has led some analysts to think of it as the Tokyo metropolitan area (labor market area). In fact, the Tokyo metropolitan area, variously defined, includes, at a minimum the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama with some municipalities in Gunma, Ibaraki and Tochigi. The metropolitan area contains nearly three times the population of the "Tokyo Metropolis." Note 2: The expansion area (556 square miles or 1,440 square kilometers) has a current population of 250,000. Note 3: Includes all residents in suburban districts with at least part of their population in the urban area. Note 4: Urban area data not yet available. Photo: St. Basil's Cathedral (all photos by author) Login to post comments Evolving Urban Form: Development Profiles of World Urban Areas Transportation Comment viewing options Road in city area. The roads and ways of the city areas are very clumsy and many accidents are happening due to the short road. But you need to maintain the driving properly otherwise you may face accident. So now the government decided to expand the road which may put the positive effect on automobile sector. I think it is a helpful service for the society people. If you have a BMW car and you have faced any problem then better to repair it at BMW Repair Spring, TX for the best service. Transit & transportation Transit and transportation services are quite impressive in most of the urban cities; therefore people were getting better benefits from suitable transportation service. Urban cities like Moscow, Washington, New York and Tokyo; we have found high margin of transportation system that helps to build a better communication network in these cities. I hope through the help of modern transportation system we are able to bring revolutionary change in automobile industries; in this above article we have also found the same concepts to develop transportation system. Mercedes repair in Torrance Moscow is bursting Noblesse Moscow is bursting Noblesse at the seams. The core city covers more than 420 square miles (1,090 kilometers), and has a population of approximately 11.5 million people. With 27,300 residents per square mile (10,500 per square kilometer), Moscow is one percent more dense than the bleach anime watch city of New York, though Moscow covers 30 percent more land. The 23 ward area of Tokyo (see Note) is at least a third more dense, though Moscow's land area is at least half again as large as Tokyo. All three core areas rely Belgravia Villas is a new Belgravia Villas is a new and upcoming cluster housing located in the Ang Mo Kio area, nested right in the Ang Mo Kio landed area. It is within a short drive to Little India, Orchard and city area. With expected completion in mid 2016, it comprises of 118 units in total with 100 units of terrace and 18 units of Semi-D. belgravia villas Russians seeing the light while Western elites are bickering? What an extremely interesting analysis - well done, Wendell. It is also extremely interesting that the Russian leadership is reasonably pragmatic about urban form, in contrast to the "planners" of the post-rational West. An acquaintance recently sent me an article from "The New Yorker", re Moscow's traffic problems. The article "abstract" is HERE (but access to the full article requires subscription) http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/02/100802fa_fact_gessen One classic quote worth taking from it, is: "People will endure all manner of humiliation to keep driving". I do find it odd that the "New Yorker" article author says nothing at all about the rail transit system Moscow had, on which everyone was obliged to travel, under Communism. It can't surely have vaporised into thin air? Moscow is a classic illustration of just how outmoded rails are, and how important "automobility" is, when the auto supplants rails so rapidly than even when everybody did travel on rails up to a certain date, and the road network dates to that era, when nobody was allowed to own a car; an article written just 2 decades later does not even mention the rail transit system, other than to criticise the mayor for "failing to invest in a transit system".......!!!!!!!! This is also a give-away of "The New Yorker's" inability to shake off the modern PC ideology on rails vs cars. Subscribe to NG Articles Get new posts by email:, connect with us:. 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Burgh Diaspora Center for Economic Research and Forecasting China Urban Development Blog Chris Bradford - Austin Contrarian Houston Strategies LA Observed Multiplier Effect: Levy Economics Institute The Rural Blog The Urbanophile Request new password © 2024 New Geography CONTRIBUTORS : PRIVACY POLICY Stay up to date: Essays That Worked The essays are a place to show us who you are and who you’ll be in our community. It’s a chance to add depth to something that is important to you and tell the admissions committee more about your background or goals. Below you’ll find selected examples of essays that “worked,” as nominated by our admissions committee. In each of these essays, students were able to share stories from their everyday lives to reveal something about their character, values, and life that aligned with the culture and values at Hopkins. Read essays that worked from Transfer applicants . Hear from the class of 2027. These selections represent just a few examples of essays we found impressive and helpful during the past admissions cycle. We hope these essays inspire you as you prepare to compose your own personal statements. The most important thing to remember is to be original as you share your own story, thoughts, and ideas with us. Ordering the Disorderly Ellie’s essay skillfully uses the topic of entropy as an extended metaphor. Through it, we see reflections about who they are and who they aspire to be. Pack Light, But Be Prepared In Pablo’s essay, the act of packing for a pilgrimage becomes a metaphor for the way humans accumulate experiences in their life’s journey and what we can learn from them. As we join Pablo through the diverse phases of their life, we gain insights into their character and values. Tikkun Olam Julieta illustrates how the concept of Tikkun Olam, “a desire to help repair the world,” has shaped their passions and drives them to pursue experiences at Hopkins. Kashvi’s essay encapsulates a heartfelt journey of self-discovery and the invaluable teachings of Rock, their 10-year-old dog. Through the lens of their companionship, Kashvi walked us through valuable lessons on responsibility, friendship, patience, and unconditional love. Classical Reflections in Herstory Maddie’s essay details their intellectual journey using their love of Greek classics. They incorporate details that reveal the roots of their academic interests: storytelling, literary devices, and translation. As their essay progresses, so do Maddie’s intellectual curiosities. My Spotify Playlist Alyssa’s essay reflects on special memories through the creative lens of Spotify playlists. They use three examples to highlight their experiences with their tennis team, finding a virtual community during the pandemic, and co-founding a nonprofit to help younger students learn about STEM. More essays that worked We share essays from previously admitted students—along with feedback from our admissions committee—so you can understand what made them effective and how to start crafting your own. Application Workshops Our interactive workshops—on topics like the college search process and essay preparation—will help you build your strongest application when you’re ready to apply. REGISTER FOR AN APPLICATION WORKSHOP Application tips in your inbox Join our mailing list to receive insights from our admissions committee, event invites, and other resources for your college journey. Quick Links: Majors, Minors & Programs Application Deadlines & Requirements College Planning Guide Moscow's 15 Biggest Problems (Photo Essay) Moscow is a magnet, attracting people from across Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union who see the city and its thriving economy as an opportunity to build a better life. But not everyone is happy about this inflow, including people who have turned Russia's largest city into their adopted home, according to Levada Center, an independent pollster. Indeed, Moscow residents consistently complain that an influx of migrants from former Soviet republics in Central Asia and Russia's own North Caucasus is their main concern, Levada found in three surveys conducted over the course of the past five years. The way things are going, the complaints will only grow, said Natalya Zorkaya, a Levada Center sociologist. "Physical attacks and other forms of aggression against these visitors could grow because of corruption in law enforcement agencies, an unclear immigration policy and uncontrolled employers combined with campaigns that stress the government is waging war against illegal immigration," she said. But migrants are not the only issue that bothers Moscow residents, who number 11.5 million, according to the latest 2010 census. Other worries include growing prices for utility bills, traffic jams and high prices for basic products. Here is a look at the top 15 problems of living in Moscow. Note: The surveys, each of which quizzed 1,000 Muscovites aged 18 or older, were conducted in January 2009, November 2011 and July 2013. Respondents were asked to identify the five or six most significant problems facing the city today. The margin of error for each poll is 4.8 percentage points. 1. Number of migrants from Central Asia and the North Caucasus (2009-39% — 2011-44% — 2013-55%) About 1.5 million guest workers were registered in Moscow and the Moscow region in 2013, while just 600,000 of them holding work permits, according to the Federal Migration Service. If illegal migrants are included, the number of migrants is estimated at be closer to 3 million. Muscovites worry that the influx of guest workers lead to a shortage of jobs and increase crime. 2. Growth in prices for utility bills (45% — 44% — 43%) The government has long subsidized utility prices, a practice that has carried over from Soviet times. But people, including Muscovites, are now being asked to pay their fair share. People now spend about 10 percent of their income on utility bills, one of the highest rates in the world, while prices for electricity and gas in Russia are among the lowest. 3. Traffic jams (42% — 54% — 38%) Some people say that the life in Moscow and traffic jams are synonyms. As a result of the complicated traffic situation in the capital, President Vladimir Putin promised last spring to use a helicopter instead of a car so as to avoid hindering other drivers with his convoy. 4. High prices for basic products (61% — 48% — 35%) Russians spend 30.3 percent of their salaries on food, while citizens of leading European countries spend just 10 percent, putting Russia in 29th place among 40 European countries in how much of a household's personal income goes for food, according to a study by RIA Novosti late last last year. In Moscow, where 70 percent of all food is imported from abroad, the costs of food can be sky high. 5. Low wages (31% — 21% — 29%) The average monthly salary in Moscow is 57,000 rubles ($1,620), twice as high as in the rest of the country. But around 10 percent of Muscovites still don't earn a living wage of 10,500 rubles ($297). The minimum wage in Moscow is 12,600 rubles ($358) as of Jan. 1. 6. High housing prices (27%) The cheapest apartment — covering 34 square meters and located 20 kilometers from downtown — cost 3.7 million rubles ($105,215) in mid-2013, according to Miel real estate brokers. The average price of a square meter in the capital is $5,730, and a one-room apartment rents for $700 to $1,000 a month. 7. Growing drug and alcohol addiction (25% — 28% — 22%) No one knows for sure how bad of a problem are posed by drugs and alcohol in Moscow. The official figures are bleak but widely thought to underestimate the problem: Alcoholics comprise at least 5 percent of the population, and alcohol caused more than 1,250 deaths in the first half of 2013, the most recent period for which figures are available. A total of 38,000 drug users are registered in the city. 8. Shortage of doctors and poor medical treatment (16% — 27% — 22%) Despite the official statistics show a surplus in physicians in Moscow, everybody can see that outpatient clinics are understaffed, Deputy Moscow Mayor Leonid Pechatnikov said in December. He linked the shortage to the fact that many clinics are under-equipped, making them unpopular among doctors who seek prospects for further career growth. 9. Housing shortage (19% — 25% — 17%) More than 1 million square meters of new housing was built in Moscow last year. Although this provided a sufficient number of apartments, 44 percent of the new housing is business class, 33 percent elite and 20 percent comfort. Just 3 percent of the new housing is economy class. 10. Poor roads (12% — 22% — 17%) Nearly 100 million square meters of roads were repaired from 2010 to 2013, according to the Moscow city government. Nevertheless, the quality of Moscow roads remains poor. The cause can be manifold: adverse weather conditions, the quantity of cars, or even the interest of road-repair companies to see endless business. 11. Widening gap between the rich and the poor (37% — 19% — 17%) According to the Federal Statistics Service, 20 percent of the richest people in Moscow earn 54 percent of all the income, while the 20 percent poorest earn less than 4 percent. 12. Homeless people and panhandlers (19% — 33% — 17%) Officially, 20,000 homeless people lived in Moscow at the end of 2013, but City Hall's social services says the number is twice as high and growing. Native Muscovites make up 9 percent of the number, while another 8 percent are people who moved here and once were registered here. 13. Noise and exhaust fumes from cars (14% — 22% — 16%) Cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles seem to be forever clogging the roads — and the clean air. Moreover, according to City Hall data, traffic noise levels break the norm in 70 percent of the city. 14. Poor condition of public utilities (15% — 17% — 15%) President Vladimir Putin acknowledged that public utilities posed a serious challenge last year, saying, "Problems with public utilities have always been grave. This is how it was before October 1917, during the entire era of the Soviet Union, and how it remains until today." Moscow is luckier than many other Russian cities, but the problem still remains. 15. Lack of parking (15% — 17% — 15%) A total of 3.5 million cars are registered in Moscow, and another 600,000 to 800,000 enter from the Moscow region alone every day. With 1.7 million parking spaces in the city, it's perhaps no wonder that drivers are forced to park on sidewalks and in busy streets. … we have a small favor to ask. As you may have heard, The Moscow Times, an independent news source for over 30 years, has been unjustly branded as a "foreign agent" by the Russian government. This blatant attempt to silence our voice is a direct assault on the integrity of journalism and the values we hold dear. We, the journalists of The Moscow Times, refuse to be silenced. Our commitment to providing accurate and unbiased reporting on Russia remains unshaken. But we need your help to continue our critical mission. Your support, no matter how small, makes a world of difference. If you can, please support us monthly starting from just $ 2. It's quick to set up, and you can be confident that you're making a significant impact every month by supporting open, independent journalism. Thank you. Remind me next month Moscow Court Remands Journalist Kriger on ‘Extremism’ Charges Mine Blast Kills 2 in Russia’s Bryansk Region Russia Refuses to Release Journalist Alsu Kurmasheva Branded ‘Foreign Agents,’ Wives and Mothers of Mobilized Russian Soldiers Face Uncertain Future 335 IMAGES Future of Self Driving Cars Essay The past, present and future of cars Free Essay Example My View Of The Future Of Cars: [Essay Example], 1596 words GradesFixer Audi R8 Spyder The Future of Transportation: Electric Cars Free Essay Example Informative Essay Sample: Tesla Motors VIDEO future cars FUTURE CAR CONCEPT DESIGN Brand-adaptive theme headlights The Future of transportation: First flying Car at CES 2024 Ok Fine, I'll Talk About Cars 2 The Future of EVs: How Electric Cars Could Evolve Over The Next Decade AMAZING FUTURE CONCEPT CARS YOU NEVER SEEN BEFORE COMMENTS Why Electric Cars are the Future: [Essay Example], 619 words Electric cars are also known to be more efficient in terms of converting energy: on average, electric cars use about 60% of power of the electrical energy to make the wheels spin, compared to 17%-21% of energy stored in gasoline converted to power at the wheels. This is important not just in terms of efficiency, but also environmental ... The future of the car The future of the car. May 9, 2023 Over the past 20 years, the automotive sector has navigated a wave of disruptions; in the next decade, changes will come faster than ever—and with greater force and impact, write Kevin Laczkowski, Amuche Okeke-Agba, Andy Voelker, and Brooke Weddle in a new article. The future of cars The future of cars. CES 2024. January 10, 2024 Every year, tech enthusiasts at CES anticipate the unveiling of innovations behind concept cars, connected vehicles, and autonomous mobility. Electric vehicles (EVs) will likely make a splash at this year's event, and with good reason: More consumers than ever are considering buying an EV—and ... Cars of the future Cars of the future. New cars will be smarter, safer, more efficient — and able to drive themselves. The unique design of the EN-V might one day be the norm for transportation. 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In " Stuck on the Streets of San Francisco in a Driverless Car ," the Times technology reporter Cade Metz went for a ride in the back seat of an experimental autonomous vehicle and wrote about ... The History of Cars: Essay Example This argumentative cars essay will inspire a great paragraph about vehicles or even a story about cars in 1000 words! ... The amount of cars in the world today exceeds 1 billion with the number expected to rise in the near future. This large number of cars continues to cause far reaching effects on the environment due to pollution thus raising ... How electric vehicles will shape the future April 23, 2022 The electric vehicle landscape is rapidly changing as both technology and interest evolve, and the coming years will see many more EVs take to the roads, seas, and skies. In the US, electric vehicles sales have climbed by more than 40 percent a year since 2016. 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Could Your First EV Be the Last Car You Ever Buy? The car could have traveled from the Earth to the moon and back, twice, then circled the equator 11 times. The journey wasn't entirely seamless. The car has had its share of repairs, including ... EVs Are Suddenly Becoming Affordable Electric cars, sales of which have slowed in recent months, are still more expensive than gasoline models, costing an average of $55,252 in the United States in April, according to estimates by ... 10 Must-See Future Concept Cars For The Next Decade This concept car is designed to generate 389 hp and 442 lb-ft of torque with an impressive acceleration time of 5.2 seconds on the 0-60 mph test fully capable of competing in Formula E. No One Wants a New Car Now. Here's Why. America's fleet of cars and trucks is also getting long in the tooth. Last month a study by S&P Global Mobility reported the average age of vehicles in the U.S. was 12.6 years, up more than 14 ... 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His possession sat unused more than 90 percent of time, while ... The Evolving Urban Form: Moscow's Auto-Oriented Expansion Moscow has become much, more reliant on cars, following the examples of metropolitan areas across Europe. The old outer circular road, which encloses nearly all of the central municipality, was long ago upgraded to the MKAD, a 10 lane freeway as long as Washington's I-495 Capital Beltway (65 miles or 110 kilometers). Essays That Worked Find essays that "worked," as nominated by our admissions committee, to share stories that aligned with the culture and values at Hopkins. ... Julieta illustrates how the concept of Tikkun Olam, "a desire to help repair the world," has shaped their passions and drives them to pursue experiences at Hopkins. Read Julieta's Essay. My Rock. Moscow's 15 Biggest Problems (Photo Essay) Moscow is luckier than many other Russian cities, but the problem still remains. 15. Lack of parking (15% — 17% — 15%) Vladimir Filonov / MT. A total of 3.5 million cars are registered in ... essay homework paper phd project resume review study thesis