questionnaire for capstone project

• Thesis Action Plan New
• Academic Project Planner

Literature Navigator

Thesis dialogue blueprint, writing wizard's template, research proposal compass.

• Why students love us
• Rebels Blog
• Why we are different
• All Products
• Coming Soon

How to Do a Capstone Project: A Step-by-Step Approach

Starting your capstone project is a major milestone in your academic journey. This guide breaks down the process into clear, actionable steps, ensuring you have the confidence and tools to succeed at every stage.

From selecting a suitable topic to presenting and defending your project, this article covers everything you need to know to make your capstone project a rewarding experience.

Key Takeaways

• Understand the multifaceted nature and purpose of a capstone project within an academic curriculum and its real-world applications.
• Choose a topic that aligns with your interests, is feasible to research, and supports your career goals.
• Conduct a thorough literature review to gather relevant sources, analyze existing research, and identify gaps that your project can address.
• Design a robust research methodology, considering ethical aspects and appropriate data collection techniques.
• Effectively present and defend your capstone project by structuring your final report, preparing for the defense, and responding to feedback.

Understanding the Purpose of a Capstone Project

A capstone project is a culmination of your academic journey , designed to assess the cumulative knowledge and skills you have gained. It is an integral part of academics , often requiring an interdisciplinary approach to solve a problem or contribute to your field. This project not only tests your competencies but also prepares you for real-world challenges, making you a well-rounded graduate ready for the workforce.

Selecting a Suitable Topic

Selecting the perfect topic for your capstone project is a critical step toward academic success and aligning with your future career goals. Your chosen topic should align with your academic objectives and future career aspirations. The nature of an appropriate project topic is that it will contribute to academic growth while preparing you for challenges in the respective field.

Conducting a Comprehensive Literature Review

Conducting a thorough literature review is essential to building a strong foundation for your capstone project. It involves a systematic examination of existing research to build a foundation for your study. Invest time in writing a compelling literature review as it is supposed to pinpoint gaps or unanswered questions and hypotheses.

Designing the Research Methodology

When designing your research methodology, it is crucial to choose methods that align with your research question and objectives. Selecting the appropriate methods ensures that your data collection and analysis will be effective and relevant to your study. Consider the ethical implications of your chosen methods, ensuring that your research adheres to ethical standards and guidelines. Data collection techniques should be meticulously planned to gather accurate and comprehensive data. This involves deciding on the tools and procedures that will best capture the information you need.

Executing the Project Plan

Time management strategies.

Effective time management is crucial for the successful execution of your capstone project. Create a schedule that outlines all the tasks you need to complete, along with their deadlines. This will help you stay organized and ensure that you allocate sufficient time for each phase of the project. Utilize tools like Gantt charts or project management software to keep track of your progress and make adjustments as needed.

Collaborative Work

Collaboration can significantly enhance the quality of your capstone project. Engage with your peers, advisors, and other stakeholders to gather diverse perspectives and insights. Establish clear communication channels and set regular meetings to discuss progress and address any issues that arise. Remember, effective collaboration requires mutual respect and a willingness to compromise.

Monitoring Progress

Regularly monitoring your progress is essential to ensure that you stay on track. Set specific milestones and key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure your achievements. This will help you identify any deviations from your plan early on and take corrective actions. Additionally, keep a detailed record of your activities and outcomes to facilitate the final reporting and evaluation process.

Presenting and Defending Your Capstone Project

Presenting and defending your capstone project is a critical phase that showcases your hard work and understanding of the subject. Structuring the final report is essential to ensure clarity and coherence. Your report should include a title page, abstract, table of contents, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Each section must be meticulously crafted to reflect your research journey and findings.

Preparing for the defense involves anticipating questions and practicing your presentation multiple times. You should be able to explain your project's objectives, methodology, and outcomes confidently. Additionally, consider presenting at student conferences to share vital data and evidence, which can help you gain feedback and improve your defense.

Responding to feedback is a crucial skill during your defense. Listen carefully to the questions and comments from your panel, and respond thoughtfully. This not only demonstrates your deep understanding of the project but also your ability to engage in academic discourse. Remember, the defense is not just about defending your work but also about showcasing your ability to think critically and adapt to new insights.

Reflecting on the Capstone Experience

Assessing personal growth.

Reflect on your college journey, apply lessons from thesis, prepare for future endeavors. Personal growth, self-awareness, and professional success emphasized.

Lessons Learned

Reflecting on your capstone project allows you to identify the key lessons learned throughout the process. This reflection can help you understand what strategies worked well and what could be improved in future projects. Embrace these insights as they are invaluable for your academic and professional development.

Future Implications

Consider the future implications of your capstone project. How can the skills and knowledge you gained be applied in your career? Reflect on how this experience has prepared you for future challenges and opportunities. This reflection will help you to better navigate your professional path and achieve long-term success.

Reflecting on the Capstone Experience, it's clear that the journey is filled with challenges and triumphs. If you're a student feeling overwhelmed by your thesis, our step-by-step Thesis Action Plan is here to help. With proven methodologies and strategies, we guide you through every step, ensuring you overcome obstacles and achieve success. Don't let anxiety hold you back—visit our website to claim your special offer now and start your journey to a stress-free thesis experience.

In conclusion, undertaking a capstone project is a significant academic endeavor that requires meticulous planning, dedication, and a systematic approach. By following the step-by-step guidelines outlined in this article, students can navigate the complexities of their capstone projects with greater confidence and clarity. From selecting a compelling topic to conducting thorough research and presenting a well-structured final report, each phase of the process is crucial for achieving academic success. Remember, the journey of completing a capstone project not only enhances your research and analytical skills but also prepares you for future professional challenges. Embrace the process, seek guidance when needed, and strive for excellence in every step of your capstone project.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a capstone project.

A capstone project is a multifaceted assignment that serves as a culminating academic and intellectual experience for students. It involves in-depth research, analysis, and the application of knowledge gained during your academic tenure.

How do I choose a suitable topic for my capstone project?

Choosing a suitable topic involves identifying areas of interest, evaluating the feasibility of the topic, and ensuring it aligns with your career goals. It's important to select a topic that is both engaging and manageable within the given timeframe.

What are the key components of a comprehensive literature review?

A comprehensive literature review involves gathering relevant sources, analyzing existing research, and identifying research gaps. This helps in understanding the current state of knowledge on your topic and shaping your research questions.

What research methods are appropriate for a capstone project?

The choice of research methods depends on your project goals and the nature of your research questions. Common methods include qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method approaches. It's crucial to choose methods that are ethical and suitable for your data collection needs.

How can I effectively manage my time during the capstone project?

Effective time management strategies include creating a detailed project plan, setting realistic deadlines, prioritizing tasks, and regularly monitoring progress. Tools like project management software can also help in keeping track of milestones and deadlines.

What should I expect during the presentation and defense of my capstone project?

During the presentation and defense, you will need to structure your final report clearly, prepare to discuss your research findings, and respond to feedback from your committee or audience. Practice and preparation are key to a successful defense.

Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics: A Fun and Informative Guide

Unlocking the Power of Data: A Review of 'Essentials of Modern Business Statistics with Microsoft Excel'

Discovering Statistics Using SAS: A Comprehensive Review

How to Research for Your Thesis Paper Without Feeling Overwhelmed

Collaborative Genius: 6 Hacks for Seamless Group Thesis Writing

Understanding the Difference Between Research Objectives and Research Questions

Thesis Action Plan

• Blog Articles
• Affiliate Program
• Terms and Conditions
• Payment and Shipping Terms
• Privacy Policy
• Return Policy

© 2024 Research Rebels, All rights reserved.

Your cart is currently empty.

Capstone and PICO Project Toolkit

• Starting a Project: Overview
• Developing a Research Question
• Selecting Databases
• Expanding a Search
• Refining/Narrowing a Search
• Saving Searches
• Critical Appraisal & Levels of Evidence
• Citing & Managing References
• Database Tutorials
• Types of Literature Reviews
• Finding Full Text
• Term Glossary

Defining the Question: Foreground & Background Questions

In order to most appropriately choose an information resource and craft a search strategy, it is necessary to consider what  kind  of question you are asking: a specific, narrow "foreground" question, or a broader background question that will help give context to your research?

Foreground Questions

A "foreground" question in health research is one that is relatively specific, and is usually best addressed by locating primary research evidence. 

Using a structured question framework can help you clearly define the concepts or variables that make up the specific research question. 

 Across most frameworks, you’ll often be considering:

• a who (who was studied - a population or sample)
• a what (what was done or examined - an intervention, an exposure, a policy, a program, a phenomenon)
• a how ([how] did the [what] affect the [who] - an outcome, an effect). 

PICO is the most common framework for developing a clinical research question, but multiple question frameworks exist.

PICO (Problem/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome)

Appropriate for : clinical questions, often addressing the effect of an intervention/therapy/treatment

Example : For adolescents with type II diabetes (P) does the use of telehealth consultations (I) compared to in-person consultations  (C) improve blood sugar control  (O)?

Framing Different Types of Clinical Questions with PICO

Different types of clinical questions are suited to different syntaxes and phrasings, but all will clearly define the PICO elements.  The definitions and frames below may be helpful for organizing your question:

Intervention/Therapy

Questions addressing how a clinical issue, illness, or disability is treated.

"In__________________(P), how does__________________(I) compared to_________________(C) affect______________(O)?"

Questions that address the causes or origin of disease, the factors which produce or predispose toward a certain disease or disorder.

"Are_________________(P), who have_________________(I) compared with those without_________________(C) at_________________risk for/of_________________(O) over_________________(T)?" 

Questions addressing the act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation.

In_________________(P) are/is_________________(I) compared with_________________(C) more accurate in diagnosing_________________(O)?

Prognosis/Prediction:

Questions addressing the prediction of the course of a disease.

In_________________(P), how does_________________(I) compared to_________________ (C) influence_________________(O)?

Questions addressing how one experiences a phenomenon or why we need to approach practice differently.

"How do_________________(P) with_________________(I) perceive_________________(O)?" 

Adapted from: Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Beyond PICO: Other Types of Question Frameworks

PICO is a useful framework for clinical research questions, but may not be appropriate for all kinds of reviews.  Also consider:

PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome)

Appropriate for : describing association between particular exposures/risk factors and outcomes

Example : How do  preparation programs (E) influence the development of teaching competence  (O) among novice nurse educators  (P)?

SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research Type)

Appropriate for : questions of experience or perspectives (questions that may be addressed by qualitative or mixed methods research)

Example : What are the experiences and perspectives (E) of  undergraduate nursing students  (S)  in clinical placements within prison healthcare settings (PI)?

SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention/phenomenon of Interest, Comparison, Evaluation)

Appropriate for : evaluating the outcomes of a service, project, or intervention

Example : What are the impacts and best practices for workplace (S) transition support programs (I) for the retention (E) of newly-hired, new graduate nurses (P)?

PCC (Problem/population, Concept, Context)

Appropriate for : broader (scoping) questions

Example : How do nursing schools  (Context) teach, measure, and maintain nursing students ' (P)  technological literacy  (Concept))throughout their educational programs?

Background Questions

To craft a strong and reasonable foreground research question, it is important to have a firm understanding of the concepts of interest.  As such, it is often necessary to ask background questions, which ask for more general, foundational knowledge about a disorder, disease, patient population, policy issue, etc. 

For example, consider the PICO question outlined above:

"For adolescents with type II diabetes does the use of telehealth consultations compared to in-person consultations  improve blood sugar control ?

To best make sense of the literature that might address this PICO question, you would also need a deep understanding of background questions like:

• What are the unique barriers or challenges related to blood sugar management in adolescents with TII diabetes?
• What are the measures of effective blood sugar control?
• What kinds of interventions would fall under the umbrella of 'telehealth'?
• What are the qualitative differences in patient experience in telehealth versus in-person interactions with healthcare providers?
• << Previous: Starting a Project: Overview
• Next: Selecting Databases >>
• Last Updated: Sep 17, 2024 1:29 PM
• URL: https://guides.nyu.edu/pico

• Support TESU
• Request Info

10 of the Most Common Capstone Course Questions Answered

• Taking Courses

You already know what a Capstone course is.

You just have no idea what to do about it.

Many students get confused when it comes to the Capstone. Is it a research paper? Not exactly; it is much more than that. Although you are the researcher, the Capstone goes beyond the mere collection of information. Instead, you will demonstrate the skills learned in your undergraduate studies to solve a problem based upon certain assumptions related to your topic. That means you will conduct your own field research and collect primary source data to create a scholarly, academic project that supports an argumentative thesis statement or major question with new work and ideas.

In a nutshell: this is a course unlike any other you have taken.

Why? Because you will have a great deal of latitude over the direction and development of your project. Your mentor will serve as a facilitator, who will direct you toward your goal. At the end of the day, your project will allow you to follow your passion and create something that will add to the body of knowledge in your chosen field. All while exploring and applying your knowledge to something new.

Often, that amount of latitude can feel overwhelming. So, other than writing it for you, here are some common Capstone questions, answered:  

Question 1: When should I take the Capstone course?

Answer: If you have 9 credits or less remaining for graduation, have completed any research courses required in your area of study as well as your composition requirement. So if you still have 30 credits to complete, or haven’t finished the composition requirement, wait to register for the course.

Question 2: How do I know if I should take the Capstone as an online course (OL) or a Guided Study (GS)?

Answer: If you like interaction with classmates, you may prefer the online format. However, if you prefer to work independently, you may like Guided Study better. With the Guided Study format, you won’t be required to participate in online discussions. However, the online course format offers the benefit of peer feedback as well as an additional influence toward your final grade.  

Question 3: Can I take multiple courses during the same term I am registered to take the Capstone course?

Answer: Some students have found the pace of the Capstone course and an additional course to be manageable in the same term, while others have chosen to focus on the Capstone during any one particular term. To decide which course schedule is right for you, consider your personal and professional responsibilities. Will you have the extra time to commit to an additional workload? Can you manage two courses at once? Being honest with yourself about the answers will help guide your decision.

Question 4: I’ve already written a research paper in my area of study. How is the Capstone different?

Answer: This is anything but a typical research paper. Throughout your project, you will be an authentic researcher who explores and adds to the body of knowledge in your field of study. You are expected to present an ethically responsible, globally minded final project that will serve as a bridge to employment or future endeavors and prepare you for graduate-level study.

Question 5: Is there a lot of research involved in the Capstone or is it primarily writing?

Answer: Your Capstone project involves equal parts writing and research. For some degree programs, a Capstone may require a project and subsequent presentation; for others, it may include an assessment to test interdisciplinary skills. It may also involve a final research paper exploring a topic of interest, emerging from your individualized program of study. Your interests, academic field and area of study will influence the type of project you select and the direction you choose to go in.

Question 6: How do I accomplish my Capstone project?

Answer: You build your Capstone based on an inspiration for greater knowledge of certain subject matter, idea or concept. You research, collect, organize and produce an analysis of the information from both primary and secondary sources. The major part of this nonexperimental, qualitative study will involve field research through interaction with people who will be your study participants.

Question 7: How do I select a topic?

Answer: Select a topic you feel passionate about, something that has meaning to you either personally or professionally. You may also benefit from choosing one relevant to your work environment/field of experience. This will give you extra backup to be able to interpret and answer your research questions as well as use this project as part of your professional portfolio.

Question 8: What is involved in a Capstone project?

Answer: Your Capstone project consists of six modules including study assignments, discussion assignments and written activities. Study assignments consist primarily of readings in the course textbook(s) and in course documents and supplemental research. It also includes overarching major questions and subquestions to be answered. The major question should reflect the results of this entire endeavor and drive your subquestions, culminating in a strategic plan to answer your question or solve a problem.  

Question 9: Do I have to present my Capstone project?

Answer: This is not a requirement, although a PowerPoint presentation or a video presentation of your work to share with your mentor and classmates is appreciated.  

Question 10: What are some things I should keep in mind while developing my Capstone project?

Answer: Pay attention to the mechanics of your project, including grammar and punctuation as well as proper formatting, citations and author information consistent with academic, scholarly writing. Make sure your research does not stand alone, and that you have analyzed and explained how the research best supports your thesis argument and key points. Any error in either the organization or writing of your project detracts from the professionalism of your work.

Editor's Note: This article was originally published in August 2016 and has been updated for accuracy.

Written by Thomas Edison State University

Subscribe to the Thomas Edison State University Blog and get the latest updates delivered straight to your inbox.

Capstone & Thesis Research

• Getting Started
• Thinking about your Project

Choosing a topic

Developing your thesis statement/research question, forming a research question, watch and learn with webster u. library online presentations:.

• Start Searching
• Literature Review This link opens in a new window
• Doing Primary Research
• Presentation Skills This link opens in a new window
• Specific Graduate Programs
• Writing and Citing
• Mendeley Citation Manager This link opens in a new window

Choose a topic that you find interesting! Select something that will hold your interest for the nine weeks that you will work on this project. For a capstone or thesis topic consider:

• Issues that are relevant to your workplace, classroom experience, or career goals.
• A topic that has caught your eye in your textbook, a journal article, or an issue that you explored for previous classwork or projects and would like to pursue further.
• A topic should be manageable in scale. If a topic is too broad, you will have difficulty covering all of the necessary material. If the topic is too narrow, you may have difficulty finding material published on your topic and struggle to stretch the material to meet your project length requirement.
• If your assignment requires you to do primary research (surveys, interviews, empirical research study), allow time to complete the process.
• Be flexible. If your topic is too narrow or broad, you may still be able to incorporate the aspects of it that interest you. 
• Try to have a few options in mind, in case you find out that your first choice is not feasible after exploring available literature. 
• Always check to make sure that your topic meets your instructor's assignment guidelines. If in doubt, it is best to ask early in the process.

Many students start with a general topic and then narrow the focus. For example, you may be interested in social media and decide to examine its use by employees in the workplace. You could be even more specific, limiting your scope to a particular geographical location, a specific type of company, an age group, etc.

For most papers, you will want to write a thesis statement expressing the argument you want to make. The statement will guide you as you search for information. In this case, you may decide that you want to find research on the pros and cons of social media use in the workplace. A sample thesis statement is Do the benefits to companies whose employees use social media at work outweigh the negatives?  

If you plan to conduct actual research, you will need to establish a research question or questions that your study will attempt to answer. For example, we may ask Does the size of a company make a significant difference in the degree to which companies benefit from social media use among their employees?  To address this question, you could do a survey of various companies and compare the responses of large, medium and small companies.  Ideally this study would cover new ground and not exactly replicate previous studies. 

• Thesis Statement Guide from the Reeg Academic Resource Center SharePoint (requires login)

We find it helps many students to think strategically about their topic if they ask it in the form of a question. Here's how.:

• Think of a broad topic that interests you.  Human Resources is a popular area of research, so lets start there, and focus in on the area of training.
• We will then narrow that topic to orientating or onboarding.
• A sample research question on this topic may be "How does employee onboarding improve retention?"  This search can focus on a particular action taken by employers, which is onboarding, and a specific result, improving employee retention.
• If you plan to conduct original research, you could create a survey with original questions and submit it to a variety of companies and compare the responses.  Ideally your study would cover new ground and not exactly replicate previous studies. 

• Thesis Statment Guide from Reeg Academic Resource Center Requires a Sharepoint login
• Where do I Start?: Selecting a Topic and Beginning Your Research (Recorded on January 25, 2018. 17 minutes) You have a research assignment; now what do you do? We will guide you through selecting a topic, writing a thesis statement and research questions, selecting keywords and databases for preliminary research. Click here to watch specific parts of this video.
• << Previous: Thinking about your Project
• Next: Start Searching >>
• Last Updated: Sep 20, 2024 4:16 PM
• URL: https://library.webster.edu/capstone

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

Capstone Components

11 Needs Assessment & Guiding Questions

The story continues….

Another day, another piece of cheese … the mice are still in Harry’s house and Pickles is still not catching the mice. Harry and Physicus have a hunch about Pickles being overwhelmed by the number of mice.

Physicus asked Harry, ” What do you need to know now?”

Harry wanted to test the hypothesis of Pickles being overwhelmed by seeing too many mice at once. “Well,” said Harry, “I want to know if Pickles will attack any mice and how many mice cause Pickles not to attack.”

Physicus replied, “So, maybe your research or guiding questions are something like…How many mice will Pickles attack at one time? How many mice cause Pickles not to attack?”

“Right!” said Harry. “This would tell me what I need to know to build a strategy to solve the problem. If I know how many mice will cause Pickles not to attack, perhaps I can control the number of mice Pickles encounters at a time. Then Pickles will get rid of all the mice and solve my problem!”

Interpreting the Story

The friends now form questions they will use to test their hypothesis about Pickles’ motivation to attack the mice. The first question about how many mice Pickles will attack is important. This tells Harry that Pickles will attack the mice. Since the number of mice seems to influence Pickles’ motivation, then finding the maximum number of mice Pickles will attack at one time provides valuable information. The answers to these guiding questions will tell them what they need to know to fulfill the purpose of Harry’s research project, which was to save his cheese by building a strategy to get Pickles to hunt the mice. These questions will guide the design of the needs assessment.

Harry’s guiding questions:

• How many mice will Pickles attack at one time?
• How many mice in the room causes Pickles not to attack?

Needs Assessment

The Needs Assessment heading explains how the empirical evidence obtained supports and informs the development of the capstone product.  The heading occurs in Chapter 2 of the capstone project document. The heading introduces the chapter and provides an overview of the needs assessment.

A needs assessment involves active research to collect and analyze data to answer the guiding questions. The needs assessment is conducted to determine what is “needed” to build into the product to solve the problem. For example, a survey of specific strategies teachers desire to learn can provide important the needed information for creating a professional development series (product). The writing explains the applied research methodology used, and the findings obtained. The Needs Assessment and the Literature Review are used to support the development of the capstone product.

Guiding Questions

The Guiding Questions express what data you seek in the project. The guiding questions, are also known as research questions. The questions are writing narrowly to obtain one piece of information, reflect the problem to be addressed, and indicate whether data are collected qualitatively or quantitatively. Guiding Questions also connect the problem to the project frame. These are written in such a way that when the questions are answered, the results will guide the development of the product.

The Guiding Questions are crafted to obtain a single numerical result or are crafted with open-ended questions. Guiding questions are never answered with a “yes” or “no” response. Instead, questions use phrases, such as “to what extent,” “how frequently,” etc. to express the intended result.

How the guiding questions are phrased indicates how to collect the data to answer the question. If the questions ask how frequently, then the data collected would need to be frequency data. If the question refers to average assessment scores, then the data would be average scores. This is an important consideration in building a capstone project.

The Guiding Questions heading is written as a list of numbered questions. Generally, there are four or five questions. The heading does not need a narrative unless required by an instructor or institution. Simply stating, “The following questions will guide the project:” is usually sufficient.

Telling the Research Story

The Guiding Questions heading asks the questions that guide the research story. The questions address the conflict, relate to the point of view, and guide the plot of the story (methodology). The questions are answered in the climax of the research story and guide how the story will resolve in the end. The questions also increase the tension and anticipation in the story.

The Guiding Questions heading appears in Chapter 2 of the capstone projects. The guiding questions in a capstone project are answered by the analyzed data collected from the needs assessment.

Capstone Projects in Education: Learning the Research Story Copyright © 2023 by Kimberly Chappell and Greg I. Voykhansky is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

• Utility Menu

Guide to the ALM Capstone Project

Customstyles.

• Course Catalog
• Research Methods

There are a number of ways to conduct research for your capstone topic, but everyone must start with the literature review in order to learn what has already been published on your topic. The literature review also helps you identify the different research methods used by scholars in the field that have already produced valid and reliable results.

Indeed, the literature review is the very first step and it is begun when you are crafting your capstone proposal. It is the only way to choose a topic and write your background and research methods section for the proposal. Of course, you'll continue to consult published work during the capstone course as well. Because this step is so important, we've created entire section on this topic (please see Literature Review , under Choosing a Topic).

Commonly used methods:

Case studies. Case studies are in-depth investigations of a single individual (noteworthy museum leader), a group (education department), or event (exhibit). Reading prior case studies is a must to inform your design. Reading case studies may also lead you to museum professionals who authored the published work. These experts could become research participants. Case study is a formal research method with a specific structure. For an introduction, visit Basics of Developing a Case Study from the Free Management Library.

Interviews . You may want to conduct interviews with experts in the field on a specific topic, such as, increasing diversity in musuem membership. Museum professionals have a wealth of information and are ordinarily happy to support beginning scholars. Your capstone reader and instructor can help make introductions through their own networks. Interviews are not simple tasks. You'll need to learn how to conduct interviews in such as way that avoids bias and elicits valid data that can be used for analysis. For an introduction, visit General Guidelines for Conducting Research Interviews from the Free Management Library.

Surveys . Conducting a survey is another way to gather research on your topic. Ordinarily, this method is chosen when you want to gather information from a large data set. Survey design is also not a straightforward task. For an introduction, visit the Harvard University Program on Survey Research.

Program evaluation . You may also consider in-depth and detailed evaluation of an aspect of a specific museum's operation, such as an exhibit or educational programs to understand if and how it met its intended goals. For an introduction, visit Evaluation Activities in Organization from the Free Management Library and Evaluations from the Institute of Museum and Library Resources.

• Choosing a Topic
• Precapstone Tutorial
• MUSE E-599 Past Capstone Titles
• Intellectual Property Rights
• Use of Human Subjects
• Frequently Asked Questions

Verify originality of an essay

Get ideas for your paper

Cite sources with ease

How to Write a Capstone Project Outline Guide with Examples

Updated 02 Sep 2024

Embarking on a capstone project is a thrilling and pivotal moment in your academic journey. It culminates years of hard work, knowledge acquisition, and intellectual growth. 

The capstone project outline serves as your project's roadmap, guiding you through the research, analysis, and presentation of your findings. It brings clarity to your objectives, ensuring that you stay focused on the core purpose of your project. Moreover, it acts as a communication tool, enabling effective collaboration with your project advisor and providing a framework for valuable feedback and guidance.

Throughout this blog post, we will delve into the key components of a capstone project outline, offering insights into each section's purpose and the content they should contain. We will also discuss common mistakes to avoid, ensuring that your outline remains focused, comprehensive, and aligned with your project's objectives.

Image credit: onlinecollegeplan.com

Why is creating a capstone project outline a good idea?

What is a capstone project in general? It is a final academic endeavor where students apply their knowledge and skills to tackle real-world issues or delve into specific areas of interest. To get the most out of it, you need to take some time and create an outline, as it holds significant importance. Here is why a capstone project outline is so important:

Organization and Structure.  It acts as a guide, helping you navigate the vast amount of information, research, and ideas you have gathered. By outlining the structure and flow of your project, you can ensure that your work remains focused and organized. It lets you break down your project into manageable sections, making the entire process more approachable.

Clarity of Objectives.  By clearly stating your research question or problem statement, you can maintain a clear focus and direction throughout your project. This clarity ensures that you stay on track and that every aspect of your work aligns with your intended purpose.

Communication and Feedback.  Think of the capstone project outline as a communication tool. It allows you to collaborate with your project advisor or supervisor effectively. Sharing your outline early on enables them to provide valuable feedback, ensuring that your project meets the academic requirements and aligns with the expected standards. Their guidance can help refine your ideas, suggest additional sources or methodologies, and prevent pitfalls.

Time Management.  You can effectively plan and prioritize your work by breaking down your project into smaller sections within allocated time frames. This approach helps you avoid the stress of last-minute rushing and ensures a more balanced and systematic project progression.

Evaluation and Assessment.  It acts as a reference point for both yourself and your evaluator to gauge the progress and development of your work. It allows you to cover all the aspects of your project and meet the required standards.

Capstone project outline in a nutshell

While writing a capstone paper outline, there are several key components to include:

• Introduction: Begin your outline with an introduction that provides an overview of the project. State the problem statement or research question you aim to address and explain why the topic is so important. 
• Objectives: Clearly define the objectives of your capstone project. What specific outcomes or goals do you intend to achieve? List them concisely and ensure they align with the project's overall purpose.
• Literature Review: Include a section dedicated to the literature review in your outline. Outline the main theories, concepts, and prior research relevant to your topic. This section should demonstrate your understanding of the existing knowledge in the field.
• Methodology: Describe the methodology you will employ to answer your research question or solve the problem. Outline the data collection methods, analysis techniques, and any other relevant procedures you will use.
• Results and Analysis: Outline how you will present and analyze the data or information you have collected. Specify the techniques, tools, or models you will utilize to interpret the results and draw meaningful conclusions.
• Discussion: Dedicate a section to discussing your findings about your research objectives. Analyze the implications, limitations, and potential applications of your results. Engage in critical thinking and consider alternative perspectives.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main findings and conclusions of your capstone project. Highlight the significance of your work and its contribution to the field. Emphasize any recommendations or future research directions that emerge from your study.
• References: Include a list of the sources you have cited throughout your outline. Follow a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) and ensure the accuracy and completeness of the references.

Remember, this outline is a flexible framework that will guide you as you write your capstone project. It provides a structure to help you stay focused and organized throughout the process. Adapt it based on your specific project's requirements and your advisor's guidance.

Creating a capstone project outline 

Many students have questions about how to write a capstone project outline. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

Step 1: Understand what you’re asked to write 

Start by thoroughly understanding the requirements and guidelines provided by your institution or capstone project supervisor. Familiarize yourself with the expectations, formatting guidelines, and any specific elements they want you to include in the outline. 

💡 Extra tip: Pay close attention to any sections or subsections that must be included. Understanding the requirements from the outset will help you structure your outline effectively.

Step 2: Determine the Key Sections

Identify the main sections that must be included in your capstone project outline. Common sections typically involve an introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, and conclusion. However, this may vary depending on your field and project requirements.

💡 Extra tip: You can start by researching examples of capstone project outlines within your field to understand the typical sections included. Adapt and customize them to fit the specific needs of your project. 

Step 3: Craft precise section headings

Create clear and concise headings for each section of your outline. These headings should accurately reflect the content and purpose of each section.

💡 Extra tip:  Use clear and descriptive language in your headings to provide a snapshot of each section's cover. It will make it easier for you and others to navigate through the outline.

Step 4: Break down each section

Break down each section into subsections or bullet points to further detail the content you plan to include. This step helps you organize your thoughts and ensures comprehensive project coverage.

💡 Extra tip: Prioritize logical flow and coherence when breaking down each section. Arrange the subsections to enhance the understanding of your project's progression and argument.

Step 5: Provide brief descriptions or key points

Under each sub-section, include brief descriptions or key points that outline the main ideas or arguments you intend to present. These descriptions serve as a roadmap for your writing process.

💡 Extra tip:  Be concise and specific when outlining key points. Aim for clarity and avoid being overly general or vague. These descriptions will guide your writing and ensure that you address all necessary aspects of your project.

Step 6: Consider the Order and Hierarchy

Consider the order and hierarchy of your sub-sections to create a logical and coherent structure. Ensure that the sections flow smoothly and build upon one another.

💡 Extra tip: Consider the most logical progression of ideas and arguments. Arrange your sub-sections to strengthen the overall coherence and readability of your project.

Step 7: Go over your paper one more time 

Review and make necessary revisions to your paper. Check for clarity, completeness, and coherence. Ensure that your outline reflects the scope and depth of your project.

💡 Extra tip:  Seek feedback from your capstone project supervisor, peers, or mentors. Their perspectives can provide valuable insights and help you refine your outline. Be open to making adjustments based on their suggestions.

Step 8: Finalize and follow the outline

Once you are satisfied with your work, finalize it and use it as a guide throughout your project. Follow the structure and content outlined in your outline while conducting research, collecting data, and writing.

💡 Extra tip: Regularly refer to your outline as your project progresses. It will help you stay focused and cover all the necessary aspects outlined in your plan.

Writing a capstone project outline may initially seem overwhelming, but following these steps and incorporating the insights provided can create a well-structured and comprehensive paper. Remember, the outline serves as the foundation for your project, guiding your research and writing process. Take your time, seek guidance when needed, and approach each step with intention and focus. If you just start working on your project, you can gather education сapstone project ideas , which will help you in kicking off an outline. 

Get plagiarism-free papers in just 3 hours

• Zero AI - 100% human-crafted content
• Tailored to your writing style
• Sourced from the latest, reliable sources

Guaranteed Turnitin success ✌️

Place an order

Capstone project outline example & formatting tips 

Your job is to maintain consistency, clarity, and readability. Here are some guidelines on how to format your capstone project outline:

Use a consistent heading hierarchy.  Start with the main title of your capstone project at the top of the page, followed by section headings in a hierarchical format. Use different levels of headings (e.g., Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3) to indicate your outline's main sections and subsections.

Do not neglect bullet points or numbering.  Use bullet points or numbering to list the key points or ideas you plan to include within each section and subsection. 

Indentation and spacing.  Use indentation to distinguish between different levels of headings and subheadings visually. It helps to create a clear hierarchy and improves readability. Maintain consistent spacing between sections and subsections for clarity and visual separation.

Formatting style

Use a consistent formatting style throughout your outline. It includes font type, font size, and alignment. Times New Roman or Arial, font size 12, are commonly used for academic documents. Align your text to the left for a professional and clean look.

Here's a general sample of a formatted capstone project outline:

• Introduction
• Background and context
• Problem statement
• Research objectives
• Literature Review
• Key theories and concepts
• Previous research findings
• Gaps in existing knowledge

III. Methodology

• Research design
• Data collection methods
• Data analysis techniques
• Results and Analysis
• Presentation of data
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Discussion of findings
• Implications of findings
• Limitations of the study
• Recommendations for further research
• Summary of main findings
• Contribution to the field
• Final remarks

VII. References

(Include a list of cited sources in the chosen citation style)

Common pitfalls to avoid 

• Avoid using vague or ambiguous language that might lead to confusion regarding the content or objectives of your project.
• Don't overlook the importance of a comprehensive literature review. Avoid a shallow or limited exploration of existing research and theories. Strive to include relevant and up-to-date sources that support your project's objectives.
• Ensure that your outline demonstrates a logical flow of ideas and information and has a connection between different sections. Maintain a coherent narrative throughout your outline.
• While your outline should be concise, it should also provide enough detail to understand the content you plan to include clearly. Avoid being overly vague or omitting important supporting points.
• If you receive feedback or suggestions from your advisor or peers, take the time to consider and incorporate constructive input into your outline. It will help strengthen your project and address any potential issues early on.
• Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If you feel like dealing with the project too much, you can buy capstone project and benefit from the expert assistance. 
• Regularly refer back to your project's objectives and ensure that every section of your outline is aligned with these goals. Avoid including irrelevant or tangential information that does not contribute to the overall purpose of your project.
• Don't delay creating your outline until the last minute. Starting early allows you ample time to refine and revise your outline, seek feedback, and make necessary adjustments before diving into the actual project.

Was this helpful?

Thanks for your feedback.

Written by Jamie Wallace

Jamie Wallace, editor and freelance writer, specializes in Philosophy, Literature, and Art. His interdisciplinary background and passion for critical analysis enable him to assist students in crafting compelling and well-researched papers.

Related Blog Posts

Best capstone project ideas for students across subjects.

The most challenging aspect of crafting a top-tier capstone project is often getting started. The initial hurdle involves selecting a strong, impac...

How to Write a Movie Review: Tips for Aspiring Critics

If you wish to know how to write a movie review, then you are on the right page. A movie review forms part of essays college students writes. While...

Learn how to write an annotated bibliography to achieve the best grades!

Writing an annotated bibliography is one of academic work's most challenging yet essential parts. This helpful EduBirdie guide will tell you all ab...

Join our 150K of happy users

• Get original papers written according to your instructions
• Save time for what matters most

CAPSTONE PROJECT: Parts of a Capstone Project

• Parts of a Capstone Project
• Voice in the Capstone Project
• Analysis of Qualitative Data

What a Table of Contents Could Contain

I      Introduction        A     Statement Of Problem/Opportunity (Research Question)        B     Background, Context, And Significance Of Study        C     Project Researcher Identification II     Literature Review        A     Subheadings (Themes Discovered In Review)        B     Notice Of Gaps In Knowledge III    Methods        A     Subjects/Participants        B     Data Collection Approaches/Strategies              1     Advantage Of Strategy              2     Limitation Of Strategy              3     Potential Risk              4     Ethical Issues About Collection Upon The Subjects/Participants        C     Data Analysis Approaches And/Or Software (NOT The Results Themselves, Just How You Are Going To Analyze The Data – Coding Method, Analysis Of Interviews/Recordings, Mathematics And Stats Analysis) IV     Results, Findings, Interpretation, And Discussion V      Recommendations, Application, And Conclusion VI     Reference Pages

What Goes Into Each Section

• Next: Voice in the Capstone Project >>
• Last Updated: Jun 27, 2019 9:31 AM
• URL: https://lifepacific.libguides.com/capstone

Life Pacific University Alumni Library | 1100 W. Covina Blvd | San Dimas, CA 91773 | Ph: (909) 706-3009 | Email: [email protected]

NUR 49800: Capstone Course in Nursing: Asking the PICO or PICo Question

• Course Readings
• Asking the PICO or PICo Question
• Acquiring Evidence
• Appraising the Evidence
• Research Designs
• Levels of Evidence
• Nursing Databases & Grey Literature Resources
• PICO Search Tutorials
• Finding Full-Text & Requesting Articles
• How to Get Help
• APA Citation Help
• COVID-19 Resources
• Video Tutorials

PICO Elements

Effectiveness questions.

     P = Population

     I = Intervention

     C = Comparison

     O = Outcome

Meaningfulness

     I = Phenomenon of Interest

     Co = Context

PICO Question Tutorial

• Forming Focused Questions with PICO UNC Health Sciences Library Tutorial by Lisa Philpotts, RN, BSN. This tutorial allows you to choose a specialty to see specific questions divided into PICO components.

Nursing PICO Questions

When creating the PICO question, it is important to focus on topics relevant to nursing practice. 

Below are examples of nursing related questions:

Intervention/Effect/Therapy PICO Question :

An example:

In adult patients with total hip replacements (Patient population) how effective is early ambulation (Intervention of interest) compared to bed rest (Comparison intervention) on decreasing post-op DVTs (Outcome)?

Note: The question may also appear as:

What is the effectiveness of early ambulation, compared to bed rest, on decreasing post-op DVTs in adult patients with total hip replacements.

Meaning PICO Question :

How do pregnant women (P) newly diagnosed with diabetes (I) experience reporting their blood sugar levels (O) to their healthcare providers?

• << Previous: Evidence-Based Practice
• Next: Acquiring Evidence >>
• Last Updated: Sep 18, 2024 9:54 AM
• URL: https://guides.pnw.edu/NUR498

Capstone Guide

Narrowing your topic, identifying a solvable problem.

• Advanced Research
• Solution, Proposal & Budget
• Multicultural Awareness
• Consequences & Benefits

Chat with a Librarian

Contact the library.

The Library is open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday,  & Friday from 10AM - 5PM and Wednesday from 1PM - 8PM.

If you need help from the librarian or need to access the library resources outside of those hours let us know!

Call or text 717-728-2500 or email [email protected] to make an appointment.

Remember the Learning Hub is also open with lots of great faculty and staff willing to help with tutoring, advising, and general questions.

One of the hardest steps of research is to determine a focused research question. First, you need to narrow your topic to a manageable scope. You can find a list of pre-approved topics in Blackboard. However, these topics are still too broad - you need to narrow it down further. Deciding where to place your focus can be challenging. Two very helpful tools available to all Central Penn students are Gale's Topic Finder , and Credo's Mind Map .

Credo Mind Maps can help you see smaller subtopics of a larger topic. By clicking on a term in the mind map, the map will automatically reform to produce new possible subtopics for you to explore.

Gale's Topic Finder works similarly to Credo's Mind Map. Topics display in a wheel or tile format. By clicking on a term, you will see further subtopics to explore. A pane on the right side of the screen updates with each new topic to provide you with articles about that particular topic.

Finding a problem that no one has solved is hard - what do I do?

• Exploratory research - read books, e-books, Credo topic pages, and Opposing Viewpoints topic pages. Get a general idea about what people are saying about your topic. 
• In-depth research - find and read as many journal articles (in particular, research studies) about your topic as you can. You need to know what has already been published and addressed. 

For your Capstone assignment, you must identify a  problem , then present a viable  solution . The problem should evolve into a research question, then be presented as a "statement of the issue".  To locate a problem and in turn, determine your research question, you need to find a "gap in the literature" - a question that no one has answered yet. One of the best places to find these gaps is in the Discussion or Conclusion section of a research article. After researchers have analyzed the results of their study, they often are left with some unanswered questions (or items they could not definitively prove). They discuss these at the end of their published article. 

Key phrases to look for:

• "Further research should examine . . . "
• "An area of future research could focus on . . . "
• "Subsequent research is needed to understand . . . "

You can find these phrases by reading the Discussion or Conclusion section of research studies about your general topic.

Simple ways to narrow down a common research topic (will not work for every imaginable topic) into a focused research question:

• limit your research to the local geographical area
• limit your research to a specific time frame
• limit your research to a specific demographic

If you continue to have trouble narrowing down your topic into a research question, speak with your instructor or a librarian.

Use one of these databases to find published research studies:

• << Previous: Home
• Next: Advanced Research >>
• Last Updated: Apr 18, 2023 5:31 PM
• URL: https://guides.centralpenn.edu/capstone

• Faculty and Staff

Assessment and Curriculum Support Center

Develop a capstone.

The first half of this document defines and discusses the capstone experience. The latter half covers  using capstones for program assessment .

The Capstone Experience

The capstone experience is a culminating set of experiences that “captivate, encapsulate, synthesize, and demonstrate learning.”  [1]

Keys to the Capstone

• In a capstone course, students synthesize, integrate, and/or apply their previous knowledge, rather than acquire new knowledge or skills. Students demonstrate mastery, not learn new knowledge/skills.
• A capstone should occur near the end of the program. [Tip: schedule the capstone course before the student’s last semester in case remediation is needed.]
• Student ownership, responsibility, and engagement should be central to the capstone.
• Rationale for the framework (see below) should be based on the specific needs of the program/discipline.
• The products (e.g., written assignments) of the capstone should be designed to help assess the program’s desired student learning outcomes.
• Discussion, reflection, and/or demonstration of general education and/or institutional outcomes should be evident in the capstone. [Note: some general education outcomes may not be relevant, but a capstone experience can likely address these general education outcomes: effective written and oral communication, ethical decision making, information accessing and information processing, problem solving, inquiry and analysis methods.]
• Satisfactory completion of the capstone experience should be required for graduation.
• Full-time (tenured) faculty members should facilitate, mentor, and/or coordinate the capstone experience.

Frameworks for a Capstone Experience

There are four common frameworks for capstones (see  Rowles, et al .). Programs typically choose one as the primary framework based on their program’s needs. If/when appropriate, the other frameworks may also be incorporated or acknowledged.

• Mountaintop .  Students from two or more disciplines (or specializations) engage in interdisciplinary inquiry. For example: Geography majors and Biology majors enroll in their major’s capstone courses and are paired with a student from the other discipline. Each GEOG-BIOL pair of students completes an interdisciplinary project such as a project that uses geographic information systems (GIS) to monitor fish migration patterns or habitat changes.
• Magnet . Students pull together their learning from multiple courses and/or experiences. For example, students gather their best work samples from four courses (can also include internship, practicum, service learning, etc.), choosing samples that directly address the program’s learning outcomes.
• Mandate . Students document their learning in relation to external industry/professional standards or requirements. For example, civil engineering students gather evidence to demonstrate they have achieved the outcomes set forth by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
• Mirror . Students reflect on their experiences and metacognitive skills in relation to program goals and outcomes. For example, students write short reflective pieces that describe what they have learned and how their assignments and experiences have helped them achieve each program outcome.

Options for Courses/Activities within the Capstone Experience

A capstone experience can consist of one or a combination of these:

• A course in the major
• An interdisciplinary course with a minimum of two distinctly different disciplines represented
• An out-of-class/co-curricular experience
• A service- and/or community-based learning experience
• An application/demonstration of knowledge (e.g., thesis, design project, portfolio development)
• A college-to-work/career transition experiences (e.g., internship, informational interviewing)

Pedagogic Practices for Capstone Experiences

Professors typically use some of the following teaching strategies and methods in capstone experiences:

• Collaborative learning

“ Collaborative learning  is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. . . Most center on students’ exploration or application of course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it. Collaborative learning represents a significant shift away from the typical teacher-centered or lecture-centered milieu in college classrooms.”  Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education  (1992) by Anne S. Goodsell, et al., National Center on Postsecondary Teaching. Available thru interlibrary loan from UH Hilo, LB1032.C65.1992.

• Self-directed learning

Faculty members give students choices about their learning as well as responsibility for the consequences associated with those choices. The faculty member (or internship supervisor, co-op employer, etc.) establishes the necessary structures to guide and support students while still leaving the students to do such things as establish goals, create timelines, monitor progress, develop products for evaluation, etc.

• Problem-based learning

Faculty members give students an ill-defined task to complete or an open-ended problem to solve. The faculty member acts as a mentor, coach, and/or facilitator. Often the task/problem mirrors an actual, discipline-based task/problem but it has been simplified or structured to match the level of the students.

• Learner-centered  ( Learner-centered  = a focus on what the students are learning and doing, not on what the professor is delivering or doing)

Faculty members design assignments that promote critical thinking, integration, reflection, synthesis. They give students assignments and activities that encourage students to “suspend judgment, maintain a healthy skepticism, and exercise an open mind”; professors design activities that call for the “active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief in light of the ground that supports it.” [Taken from John Dewey’s  How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking in the Educative Process  (1933). Available at Hamilton Library BF455.D5.1933.]

Discussion Questions for Faculty Members as They Consider a Program Capstone Experience

• An interdisciplinary, synthesizing experience?
• A discipline-specific, synthesizing experience?
• A method to satisfy external industry/professional standard or requirements?
• A reflective, synthesizing experience?
• Is it necessary to satisfy discipline/profession accreditation requirements?
• In what ways will the capstone experience be beneficial to the students’ post-baccalaureate experience?
• In what ways will the capstone experience support the (relevant) general education requirements?
• What components of the capstone experience will address students’ personal growth? Academic growth? Professional growth?
• How will students be guided toward and prepared for the capstone experience? What program structures will be in place (e.g., course requirements, pre-requisites, advising)?

  Using a Capstone Experience for Program Assessment

When using a capstone experience for program assessment, the standard assessment loop is followed: establish outcomes, create learning opportunities, undertake an assessment process, interpret assessment results, and create and implement an action plan for improvement.

Establish Student Learning Outcomes & Determine Learning Opportunities

• The program creates desired Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) [ How to develop outcomes ].
• The program deliberately incorporates learning opportunities—activities and assignments—into the curriculum and capstone experience so that students can achieve the desired SLOs. Typically, the program can assess all or nearly all program SLOs using the capstone experience. A well-designed curriculum plotted on a curriculum map illustrates how and where SLOs are introduced, reinforced, and then mastered and demonstrated in the capstone experience. [ How to create a curriculum map ].

Assessment Process: Collecting and Evaluating/Analyzing Evidence

The assessment process should lead to a discussion of the program as a whole—not only a discussion of the capstone experience.

The program typically builds evidence-generating, -collecting, and -evaluating mechanisms into the capstone experience.

Collection of Evidence: Student Learning

When designing the capstone experience, programs build in assignments/activities that can shed light on the SLOs and relevant general education outcomes. The assignments/activities serve as evidence of student achievement. Students can complete them over time [ How to develop portfolios ] or in a single, culminating course.

Examples of assignments/activities:

• Written documents: research report, thesis, proposal, case study, project report, reflective essay, review of the literature, resume, progress reports, informal writing (notes, lab notebook, observation log, informal analyses, academic journal, etc.)
• Oral presentation(s)
• Poster presentation(s)
• Documentation of group work: peer review/feedback, group progress reports, evaluation of group members/group effectiveness
• Internship supervisor’s evaluation/feedback on student performance
• Interview (e.g., mock job interview, oral defense)
• Meeting facilitation (e.g., students facilitate a community meeting)
• Exam(s) (locally-developed, state, or national)

Evaluation of Evidence of Student Learning

Most capstone experiences include a senior-level course. The course instructor can assist the students in preparing evidence for evaluation.

• Take a (random) sample of students and evaluate their work for the purposes of program assessment.
• Provide the rubric to the students.
• Have professors use the rubric in other courses that introduce or reinforce the SLO.
• Have each professor apply the rubric in the same way. Use examples of student performance at varying levels of mastery to calibrate professors/reviewers.
• Have at least two faculty members evaluate the evidence using criteria agreed upon by the faculty (e.g., use an agreed-upon rubric).
• Have external faculty members and/or business community members evaluate the student work.

Collection of Evidence: Student Perceptions

• End-of-course or end-of-program surveys
• Exit interviews
• Focus groups

Evaluation of Evidence of Student Perception

• Quantitative data (e.g., Likert scale data) can be summarized using descriptive statistics.
• Open-ended survey responses, interview data, focus group data, blogs, etc.,  can be analyzed using qualitative methods to identify themes and areas of consensus.

Assessment Results

The goal of assessment is to provide the program with information it can use to be self-reflective and self-improving. Presenting the results does not need to be complicated. A simple, straightforward presentation of who, what, where, when, and how often suffices. [ How to report results ] Discussion of the results should focus on the SLO(s) and the program, not on individuals.

Action Plan for Improvement

Programs use assessment results to guide program decision making and improve their effectiveness. By periodically discussing assessment results and procedures, faculty can plan and implement improvements to the capstone experience. The focus should be on the program and the learning opportunities (e.g., activities throughout the program, all required courses, etc.), not on individuals.

Assessment: Rubric & Checklist

The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) created a rubric to assess programs that use the capstone experience as the basis for program assessment. Programs can use the  WASC rubric  to self-assess their progress. Below is a checklist based on the WASC rubric.

Checklist . The program has:

• Cultural Identity
• Cultural History
• Mortuary Practice

Undertaking Capstone Projects in Education: A Practical Guide for Students

• November 2021
• ISBN: 9781003159827

• Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

• Maynooth University

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations

• Jolanta Burke
• Jennifer Gale de Saxe
• Anselm Strauss
• Andy Convery

• Tiina Soini

• Michal Kosinski

• Lori Walter
• Jordan Stouck

• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

Are you seeking one-on-one college counseling and/or essay support? Limited spots are now available. Click here to learn more.

149 Capstone Project Ideas & Examples – 2024

June 6, 2024

The word “capstone” originally referred to the decorative, final piece of masonry that would be affixed to the top of a new building. But in terms of schooling, what is a capstone project? Academically, “capstone” is a fitting metaphor, as a capstone project serves as a culminating, crowning illustration of your scholarly work. The capstone project synthesizes the learning you have done in various fields, demonstrates your level of expertise in your specific area of study, and often marks the end or milestone moment of a current study path. In short, it’s a big achievement! In this article, we’ve outlined a few tips for cultivating your perfect capstone thesis and have included a list of capstone project ideas to get you started.

General Capstone Writing Tips

As you select a topic for your capstone project, be sure to consider the following criteria:

Personal Interest . A capstone project is meant to be the culmination of or milestone representing your specific path of study; as such, it should be a project that actually interests you! Perhaps you’ve already been working on a passion project or long-term scholarly paper on a topic that excites you. Or maybe you’ve heard about a specific branch of inquiry within your field that you find compelling and want to explore further. Whether you’re new to a specific capstone subject or have been working on it for a while, it’s important to know that your actual interest in a subject can increase your productivity and learning. [i]

Existing Research . For any new piece of scholarship, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand and acknowledge the current knowledge and findings that exist around your thesis. As an advancing practitioner in your field of study or profession, you should already have a sense of what other scholars and experts have said about your capstone project idea, but this is a moment to fully explore: Who are the major players in this professional or scholarly conversation? What are the most important pieces of research that ground this field of study? What recent innovations have been made in this topic?

Stakes . If you’ve ever been involved in a debate or had to write a persuasive speech , you know that an important question to answer is: “So what?” Why is this capstone project idea important? What will be affected if the ideas in your capstone do or do not come to pass? What exactly is at stake here?

Examples Continued

Stakeholders . The stakeholders of a capstone are those who will be affected by the information in your project. Perhaps you’ve already engaged in community service and have seen a gap that can be filled by your particular area of expertise. Maybe you are one of the stakeholders in your research. In every capstone project, your readers should know who will be most important to your work.

Identify a gap or problem . If you’ve done your research properly, then you now know what current holes or gaps exist in your field. Make sure you frame your capstone so that your audience is aware of the work that needs to be done.

Fill the gap . This is your moment to shine! What is your specific hypothesis? What kind of research will you conduct to prove it? Specifically, how is your work contributing to this field of study? To this profession?

Feasibility and Scope . The last question you need to ask yourself is: Can I actually do this project? Do you have the time and resources to complete the work you’re proposing? Is your capstone actually doable? If you find that your project seems too big, don’t despair! Many capstone project ideas can be narrowed down for specificity and feasibility. Take a look at the example below:

Very broad:

“What are some recent developments in women’s health research?”

More specific and feasible:

“What are the most current findings on early diagnostic testing and maternal health outcomes amongst American women?”

Capstone Project Examples

Below, we’ve listed 150 capstone project examples in various fields. Think of all of these focus questions and ideas as jumping-off points. Some are very broad, while others are much more specific. Your capstone project will most likely fall under the “specific” category (see “feasibility and scope” above), but broader topics and focus questions can get you started down the path of your own particular branch of research.

Computer Science Capstone Project Ideas

1) In what ways does social media influence current developments in information systems and marketing?

2) What recent developments have we seen in natural language processing? What innovations do we hope to see?

3) How is cybersecurity an essential consideration in political and public policy?

4) What is the potential for virtual reality within the fields of mental healthcare and / or physical rehabilitation?

5) How can cybersecurity better function in the healthcare industry?

6) What are current and developing applications for machine learning algorithms?

7) How can we develop more secure data encryption?

8) What are the current needs for development in image processing and design?

9) How does artificial intelligence promise to elevate, innovate, revolutionize, or render obsolete various fields and / or methodologies inside and outside of computer science?

10) What current developments exist in the field of neural networks?

11) In what ways can we develop more efficient data encryption algorithms?

12) What specific roles does computer science play in national defense?

13) Exploring automated testing systems.

14) In what ways have smartphone interfaces changed human behavior? Can we predict future changes?

15) What recent innovations have we seen in cloud computing and what changes can we expect to see in this field?

16) How can we improve specific algorithms that conduct market-based analysis?

17) What are the current most important ethical questions surrounding big data and information systems?

18) What are the current expectations around the development and use of cryptocurrency?

19) What specific relationships exist between national policy and internet censorship?

20) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of computer science that specifically interests you !)

Nursing and Medical Capstone Project Ideas

21) What roles might nurses have in administering pain management and anesthesia?

22) In what ways can we address the country’s nursing shortage?

23) In what ways is the field of nursing expected to change in the near future?

24) What innovations can be made in continuing education for nurses?

25) In what ways can nurse practitioners and PAs function more effectively in primary care and specialty settings?

26) Going forward, what roles can nurses play in mobile health and telemedicine?

27) How can clinical settings improve their mental and emotional health outreach for employees?

28) In what ways do nurses and PAs function in specific research roles (e.g. cancer research)?

29) Development of cultural sensitivity training and eliminating health equity disparities in the nursing field.

30) Recent developments in women’s health initiatives and research.

31) In what ways can communication efficacy be addressed in clinical settings?

32) What is the relationship between medical care and specific public policies?

33) Nursing, management, and leadership roles.

34) In what ways can technology improve nursing and healthcare initiatives?

35) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of medicine or scientific inquiry that specifically interests you !)

Humanities and Arts Capstone Project Ideas

36) How does art function in the political and public spheres?

37) What specific developments have we seen in the field of graphic design in the past decade?

38) Analyzing the relationships between marketing, commercial viability and contemporary literature.

39) In what ways do the humanities function in ecocriticism and the Anthropocene?

40) Social media and communication.

41) What are some recent examples of the relationship between popular culture and political propaganda?

42) Current distinctions between pop culture, avant-garde, and highbrow literature and art.

43) What is the role of philosophy in current public debate?

44) In what ways do / have the humanities function(ed) within and / or outside of the public sphere?

45) What is the role of the digital humanities in ancient / early modern / modern history?

46) What recent developments have we seen in the fields of women’s and gender studies?

47) How has a globalized media culture impacted our views on cultural exchange / postcolonialism / hegemonic power structures?

48) In what ways have sustainability initiatives become an essential part of art, theatre, fashion, film, and literary production?

49) Race, class, gender and / or sexuality, and recent developments in the construction of personal identity.

50) How does appropriation function in the realm of cultural production?

51) What is the current role of cinema in public and political culture?

52) Creativity and new genres in the wake of social media, artificial intelligence and monoculture.

53) How can / do museums and public spaces function as sites of cultural production?

54) In what ways has artificial intelligence begun to shape the arts and humanities?

55) Recent innovations and gaps in ____________. (Have you already done some research on a particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of humanities research that specifically interests you!)

Engineering Capstone Project Ideas

56) What is the role of engineering in specific manufacturing practices?

57) In what ways are environmental and sustainable efforts transforming various industries (transportation, manufacturing, public use, energy, etc.)?

58) How does artificial intelligence promise to function in various engineering fields?

59) What are the functions of drones in supply chains?

60) How does engineering specifically function in the production and management of public health (water purification and distribution, waste management, etc.)?

61) What recent innovations have we seen in the fields of engineering and defense?

62) Assessing the feasibility of solar power, wind power, etc.

63) In what ways can engineering facilitate specific infrastructure innovations in public spaces?

64) What does the privatization of the aerospace industry demonstrate about the relationship between public and commercial scientific research?

65) In what ways does current engineering promise to disrupt fields like the automotive, manufacturing, aerospace, etc. industries?

66) Examining various uses of 3D printing.

67) What are some recent innovations in electric, geothermal and/ or nuclear energy?

68) What is the current relationship between extraction engineering and the public sphere?

69) How does the field of robotics function in medicine and public health?

70) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of engineering or scientific inquiry that specifically interests you !)

Education Capstone Project Ideas

71) How do charter schools currently function in the education system?

72) What current pathways exist for continuing education in the teaching field?

73) What roles does artificial intelligence play in the future of education?

74) Disciplinary practices and education for early childhood, middle school, high school, etc.

75) Addressing income and resource disparities between public school districts.

76) In what ways does gender currently function in STEM education?

77) In what ways can mental health initiatives more thoroughly benefit students, staff, and educators?

78) In what ways is parental involvement a factor in current curriculum models?

79) What are the advantages and disadvantages of various modes of virtual learning, technology in the classroom, asynchronous learning, e-learning, etc.?

80) How can we address the current teacher shortage?

81) What are the current relationships between politics, public policy, school funding and curriculum development?

82) What recent innovations have we seen in outdoor learning, Montessori schooling, forest schools, eco-education, etc.?

82) How can schools facilitate better curricula and funding for special needs programs?

83) What is the current role of the arts in public education? In private education?

84) What is the relationship between public policy and homeschooling?

85) In what ways do race and class currently function in specific conversations around education?

86) What are current concerns and developments in the practices of school safety?

87) What developments are currently underway in curricula involving interdisciplinary and project-based learning?

88) What benefits and drawbacks currently exist in extracurricular programs and initiatives for students of various age groups?

89) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of education or curriculum planning that specifically interests you !)

Biology Capstone Project Ideas

90) What are some recent developments in the ethics of stem cell research and cloning?

91) How has public disease testing changed since the pandemic?

92) What is the role of the biologist in mining, extraction, and geoengineering?

93) What recent innovations have been made in pesticide production, distribution, and wider use?

94) How can biology serve manufacturing industries to prevent contamination and supply chain stalling?

95) How do specific ecosystems currently function in regard to climate change? What changes are predicted to these ecosystems in the next decade and why?

96) In what ways are biologists’ roles evolving in the development of biomechanical medical devices?

97) What roles do biologists play in understandings of human reproduction and DNA?

98) How are pharmaceutical and recreational drugs currently understood and classified?

99) What recent biological innovations have been made in the production of food? What developments do we foresee in this branch of biology?

100) In what ways are biological systems affected by various forms of energy extraction and consumption (electrical power, gas, wind and solar power, etc.)?

101) How does A.I. promise to affect the roles of biologists in various fields?

102) What current biological threats do we face in terms of biological warfare? How are biologists crucial players in national defense?

103) Explore a relationship between the biochemical signatures of the body and mental wellness / illness.

104) In what specific ways is the organic movement both a biological consideration and a marketing strategy?

105) How do biologists play significant roles in the prevention of spreading infectious diseases?

106) What are the relationships between human population growth or decline and natural ecosystems?

107) How is marine life affected by human activity (recent understandings and developments)?

108) How do biologists function in public and political conversations around sustainability?

109) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of biology that specifically interests you !)

Psychology Capstone Project Ideas

110) What recent developments have been made in research around specific social media platforms and mental health?

111) What roles did the pandemic play in social and mental health amongst particular age groups?

112) How are recent developments in digital communication (“ghosting,” “swiping,” “liking”) indicative of disordered psychological behaviors?

113) Considering particular contexts like time and place, explore the relationships between psychological wellness and gender.

114) Investigate stress reduction efficacy amongst particular populations.

115) What is the role of mental health awareness in policies and conversations around public health?

116) What role does psychology play in pain management?

117) In what ways are clinical psychologists and therapists uniquely poised to conduct empirical research?

118) What recent developments exist in research around various types of trauma?

119) What daily interventions need to be explored in the reduction of anxiety and sleep disorders?

120) What is the developing role of telemedicine and online mental healthcare?

121) In what ways are particular prescription drugs more or less effective when paired with traditional types of psychotherapy?

122) In what ways do companies utilize psychology in marketing and branding?

123) What is the role of the child psychologist in public schools?

124) In what ways can HR departments benefit from on-staff mental health workers?

125) Explore distinctions between child psychologists and early childhood educators.

126) What interventions can be made in the realm of public policy to lessen the social stigma of mental health disorders?

127) How can psychology be used to create more efficient workplaces?

128) In what ways can new technology like apps and AI be implemented in the ongoing care of mental health patients?

129) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of psychology that specifically interests you !)

Business and Accounting Capstone Project Ideas

130) What are the current impacts of globalization on business strategy?

131) How can organizations change communication practices?

132) What are the relationships between sales, brand perception, and social justice movements?

133) In what ways are women perceived and compensated in the finance field? How has this developed over the past decade? What developments remain to be seen?

134) What leadership training programs and strategies best serve managers?

135) Exploring sustainable business practices.

136) In what ways can company structure influence business innovation?

137) What are the current trends and best practices for inter-departmental conflict resolution within businesses?

138) Exploring effects of mergers and acquisitions for specific companies.

139) What is the specific role of HR in performance management amongst employees?

140) Recent explorations of forensic accounting in cases of embezzlement.

141) Perform a case study analysis of a particular taxation policy.

142) What are some important features of the ethics of non-profit accounting?

143) In what ways can we measure international accounting standards?

144) Due to the pandemic, how have budgeting and financial planning methods evolved in recent years?

145) What specific impacts can we predict in the accounting field as a result of AI and other advancing technologies?

146) Perform an analysis of marketing strategies that utilize social media.

147) How can companies maximize consumer engagement in saturated markets?

148 Which technologies and designs are most effective in brand management and dispersion?

149) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of business or accounting that specifically interests you !)

Capstone Project Examples – Works Cited

[i] Kahu, Ella., Karen Nelson, Catherine Picton. “Student Interest as a Key Driver of Engagement for First Year Students.” Student Success. Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 55-66. July 2017.

• College Success
• High School Success

Jamie Smith

For the past decade, Jamie has taught writing and English literature at several universities, including Boston College, the University of Pittsburgh, and Carnegie Mellon University. She earned a Ph.D. in English from Carnegie Mellon, where she currently teaches courses and conducts research on composition, public writing, and British literature.

• 2-Year Colleges
• ADHD/LD/Autism/Executive Functioning
• Application Strategies
• Best Colleges by Major
• Best Colleges by State
• Big Picture
• Career & Personality Assessment
• College Essay
• College Search/Knowledge
• Costs & Financial Aid
• Data Visualizations
• Dental School Admissions
• Extracurricular Activities
• General Knowledge
• Graduate School Admissions
• High Schools
• Homeschool Resources
• Law School Admissions
• Medical School Admissions
• Navigating the Admissions Process
• Online Learning
• Outdoor Adventure
• Private High School Spotlight
• Research Programs
• Summer Program Spotlight
• Summer Programs
• Teacher Tools
• Test Prep Provider Spotlight

“Innovative and invaluable…use this book as your college lifeline.”

— Lynn O'Shaughnessy

Nationally Recognized College Expert

College Planning in Your Inbox

Join our information-packed monthly newsletter.