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• 1 Cover 
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• 3 Welcome Lesson 
• 4 Planning a Trip 
• 5 Getting to the Destination 
• 6 We Got There! 
• 7 Getting Settled 
• 8 Doing Business 
• 9 Different Ways of Experiencing the City 
• 10 Exploring the Cultural Aspects 
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• 14 Glossary 
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Honeywell T6 Zwave review. All positives.

I'm about 14 hours in. I've been through one overnight cycle with a morning reheat - outdoor temp of freezing overnight, indoor temp set to 18C (64F) overnight, and 21C (70F) daytime.

I chose the T6 for a number of reasons, but primary among them is to follow my #1 principle for home automation: If home automation is down, everything still has to work. The second reason I chose it was for the built in "circulation" mode which runs the furnace fan at 35% duty automatically. I have always had my dumb thermostat fan set to "on" instead of "auto" in order to keep air moving - keeps a more regular temp through the house and helps prevent stale air during moderate temp seasons. Thsi mode (smart tstat or not) should result in around 65% energy saving from the furnace fan, or around $100 / year by my napkin math.

It looks OK. It's a bit thicker off the wall that I'm used to and if it was in a walkway I'd be more concerned. I had to use the backer plate due to a repaint that needed to be covered which added about 1/4" to the depth. It's thicker than my old dumb thermostat so probably just will take some getting used to. I was not looking to make a fashion statement with this purchase, and was not looking for wall-bling. The basic shape, colour *yes that's spelled right, I'm in Canada :) * and overall look just says "thermostat", not "fancy mother-f .... thermostat". I like it that way.

In following my #1 principle, I have set the T6 to run the primary schedule from the thermostat itself and not have it controlled entirely by home assistant. I have it set in a 5-2 setup. We're home all day so we normally use the home->sleep->home->sleep schedule anyhow (and ignore the others) which becomes the default when connected to a z-wave network. The "away" temperatures are set on the thermostat (and I think through z-wave commands?), but control of "away" mode is through z-wave commands and I think the T6 touchscreen (which, by the way, is excellent).

The thermostat has the option to run on 3xAA batteries if you do not have a C-wire even when connected to zwave. Use of a C-wire is highly recommended though, since it makes the T6 a repeater in the mesh, not a battery powered endpoint. I don't need another node to strengthen in my mesh but I have a c-wire so... why not. Plus it's nice it's always awake.

I first set up the T6 not connected to zwave. The touchscreen is great - sensitive but not too much - and the menus and UI are really well designed and if you've ever used a programmable thermostat before, you can navigate without the instructions. all default settings worked for me and my system (standard single stage forced air with AC) but do pay attention to this as it can mess up your stuff.

After adding to zwave and changing the thermostat to continue running the program locally, all my settings were retained from before inclusion. Well done Honeywell.

Heat, Cool, and Off are available as actions in automations. I have set up a basic automation so far that will switch between heat and cool depending on the outdoor temperature registered from my zigbee sonoff. For example set to "heat" if outdoor temp falls below 18 degrees C for more than 30 minutes, or set to "cool" if outdoor temp rises above 25C for more than 30 minutes...

"Away" mode is achieved using the preset section in the device settings. You can set to "away heat", "away cool" both of which activate the away setting on the T6. "none" reverts to your normal schedule that in my case lives on the T6 itself. I will trigger this based on notification from the Elk alarm being set to "arm away" or similar, once the Elk gets all hooked up.

And finally, because I'm a geek, I get to see temp, set temp, and the furnace burn in a single display. Love it. I imagine all of them do this, but this is my first and only experience with a smart thermostat and I like it. I also assume that a wifi thermostat or any other fancy Tstat will have a really nice UI and fancy graphs and stuff. I don't care.... I want function over form, and knowing this is good enough for me :)

To be determined still: I have set "home" temp/time (21C) to start at 6:30am. however, the T6 changed the called for temperature from 18 to 21 degrees at 5:18:52 am. I am hoping it's just "learning" how long it takes to heat up the house and will get smarter to achieve 21C at 6:30am. Also TBD if it changes daylight savings mode automatically. I suspect it doesn't...

So far, 14 hours in, I'm super impressed. Installation was easy, it looks fine, and works fine so far. Inclusion was seamless, and so far it's functioning exactly as I'd expect. Highly recommend so far. If anything changes I'll update this thread and post...

Framework Laptop 16 review: This is the laptop I'd buy for myself

The most upgradable, repairable gaming laptop on the planet.

Tom's Guide Verdict

The Framework Laptop 16 is the most upgradable and repairable 16-inch laptop you can buy, and with the right parts it's a solid gaming machine. Other gaming laptops might deliver more bang for your buck, but none is as customizable or as respectful of your right to tinker with the things you own.

6-slot Expansion Card system offers killer customizability

Attachable GPU module delivers respectable gaming power

Customizable keyboard deck is a great addition

Speakers deliver good, loud audio quality

Keyboard deck flexes when you press on it heavily

You have to purchase and keep track of a pile of Expansion Cards

Why you can trust Tom's Guide Our writers and editors spend hours analyzing and reviewing products, services, and apps to help find what's best for you. Find out more about how we test, analyze, and rate.

• Price & availability
• Performance
• Battery life & heat

The Framework Laptop 16 (starting at $1,399 DIY, $1,699 prebuilt) is the most repairable and upgradable 16-inch laptop I've ever seen. That alone makes this one of the best laptops you can buy — provided you care about your right to repair.

As you might guess from the name the Framework Laptop 16 is a bigger, more expensive version of the Framework Laptop 13 ultraportable. But if that laptop was optimized for work this Framework is built for performance, from its speedy high-res display to its faster DDR5 memory and detachable laptop GPU. And while it doesn't always feel as sturdy or as optimized as some of the best gaming laptops , what you get in return is unparalleled freedom to customize the laptop as you see fit. 

That's because in addition to a swappable external GPU module on the rear which lets you attach a laptop graphics card for more graphical muscle (or detach yours if you don't want the extra weight and battery drain), the Framework Laptop 16 has 6 Expansion Card slots which let you swap in extra ports or storage as you see fit. 

Sound familiar? It's an expanded version of the Expansion Card system pioneered by Framework in 2021 with its first 13-inch Framework Laptop . The Framework Laptop 16 offers a more capable, more complicated system, and while that does mean more mechanical parts that could break (especially if you're not careful when assembling or disassembling the laptop), the nice thing about a Framework is you can pretty confidently crack it open and start repairing it yourself — using the guides and parts provided by Framework.

There's a lot to cover in this Framework Laptop 16 review, so let's dive right in!

Framework Laptop 16 review: Specs

Framework Laptop 16 review: Price and availability

• Prices start at $1,399 for the DIY version, but you probably want prebuilt
• Prebuilt starts at $1,699, but expect to pay extra for components

The Framework Laptop 16 can be ordered right now from the Framework website at a starting price of $1,399 for the DIY version or $1,699 for the prebuilt version. In fact you've been able to pre-order the Framework Laptop 16 since summer 2023, and the company is working through batches of orders that are shipped out on a regular basis. At time of review the next batch of orders is slated to go out in Q2 2024, with no specifics beyond that.

A key thing to keep in mind is that if you try to save money by opting for the DIY version, you're essentially getting a laptop shell with a mainboard and not much else. The absolute bare-bones $1,399 Framework Laptop 16 requires you to provide your own RAM, your own storage, your own power adapter (!) and your own copy of an operating system. 

You also need to pay for some Expansion Cards (which start at $9) if you want to use the Expansion Card slots at all, and since you need at least one USB-C card in an Expansion Card slot to charge the laptop (that's right, it doesn't have a built-in power connector) you have to get a USB-C Card or else you'll end up with a dead laptop.

So while that $1,399 might seem appealing, you really need to be comfortable building your own laptop (down to sourcing your own parts) or else you're in for a world of frustration. If the idea of having to provide your own 100W power adapter (or 180W if you want to use the detachable Graphics Module) sounds terrifying, I highly recommend you stick with a prebuilt Framework. That way you can swap out parts down the road if you feel comfortable doing so, without being on the hook to basically build your laptop yourself.

For review purposes Framework sent us a Framework Laptop 16 review unit with an AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS CPU, 16GB of RAM and a 512GB SSD for storage as well as the Graphics Module containing the AMD Radeon RX 7700S laptop GPU.  To buy the same package direct from Framework would cost you roughly $2,208, though of course you'd also want to buy some Expansion Cards and other Modules.

Framework also sent us a box of Expansion Cards and Input Modules (aka keyboard bits) to test out, the lot of which probably cost an additional $200 or more.

Framework Laptop 16 review: Design

• Framework's killer Expansion Card system gets an upgrade on this laptop
• Now you can customize the keyboard and attach a GPU, too!

The Framework Laptop 16 looks like nothing so much as a bigger, bulkier Framework Laptop 13. And just like its smaller sibling, the Framework Laptop 16 offers the killer customizability of Framework's Expansion Card system (more on that later), though here you get 6 customizable Expansion Card slots instead of 4.

I'm a complete idiot when it comes to soldering and wiring components, but none of that is necessary here. I love how easy it is to swap parts out on this Framework."

And while I could do with some more color options I like the simplicity of this 16-inch laptop, which sports a silver chassis made of aluminum and magnesium alloy (much of which is manufactured from post-industrial recycled materials) emblazoned with a simple Framework logo on the lid.

I was surprised to find that while this laptop looks big it feels surprisingly light in my hands, despite the fact that it weighs upwards of five pounds with the Radeon RX7700S Graphics Module attached. I think part of that may have to do with the slightly chintzy feel of the laptop deck, which bends and flexes under pressure more than I'd like. While the chassis itself won't bend easily, if you press down on the deck of the Framework (say, if you're typing hard or clicking the touchpad with gusto) you'll feel it depress more than most laptops I review. 

I suspect this is because the screen bezel, touchpad and keyboard are all removable without you having to touch a screw. Instead, the modular design of the Framework 16 allows you to swap in new parts or move the keyboard and touchpad around with your hands (or the included spudger tool) once you simply pop the two latches flanking the keyboard which hold everything in place.

This allows for unprecedented levels of customization, since you can purchase multiple variations of keyboard, numpad and spacers from the Framework marketplace and lay them out as you see fit. There are limited configuration options— our review unit can accommodate a centered, right-aligned or left-aligned keyboard, for example. But there's no way to move the keyboard down or swap the number pad with the touchpad. Saying that, though, it's still far more than you get on any other competing laptop. 

While it's totally understandable to be a bit terrified at the thought of popping your laptop's keyboard off and putting a new one on, the thoughtful design of the Framework 16 makes it feel possible. That's because inside the laptop there are clear directions, guiding marks and QR codes you can scan that link you directly to repair guides for the specific part you're looking at.

Believe me, despite my passion for tech I'm a complete idiot when it comes to soldering and wiring components, but none of that is necessary here. I love how easy it is to swap parts out on this Framework, to the point that I felt comfortable doing it while the laptop was running. 

Sure, you might not feel ready to hot-swap the keyboard on the Framework 16 without powering it off first—but I'm pleased to report you can do it, and even a genial clod like myself was able to do it multiple times during the review process with no issues.

In addition to the keyboard deck, you can swap out the Expansion Bay shell on the back of the Framework 16 (which comes with it by default and has built-in fans) for a Graphics Module with a laptop GPU inside. Our review unit arrived with a Radeon RX 7700S attached and I rarely took it off during testing, so you'll see it on the back of the laptop in most photos in this review. With it attached the Framework 16 measures roughly 14 x 11.4 x 0.82 inches, though you shave off nearly an inch of depth and some thickness if you replace the Graphics Module with the lighter, GPU-less Expansion Bay shell. 

Framework Laptop 16 review: Display

• 16-inch WQXGA (2560x1600) 165Hz display is bright and great for gaming
• Not as great for work requiring color accuracy

The 16-inch WQXGA (2560x1600) 165Hz display on our Framework Laptop 16 review unit won't blow you away, but it delivers a nice combo of looks, resolution and speed. While the Framework Laptop 16 paled in comparison to any OLED screen in the room, when I focused on the laptop I was quite happy to while away hours watching TV like I'm A Virgo and playing games like Doom Eternal or Marvel 's Midnight Suns. 

The 16:10 display supports variable refresh rate and AMD's FreeSync standard, which helps keep games running smoothly at high framerates. It's also advertised as being capable of displaying 100% of the DCI-P3 color gamut and achieving up to 500 nits of brightness, though as you'll see from our results it couldn't quite hit all those marks in our testing lab.

However, it does get as bright as Framework advertised. When we pointed our Klein K10-A colorimeter at the Framework Laptop 16 we measured it achieving an average brightness of 484 nits that peaked around 508 nits in the center of the screen. That's exactly what was promised, and quite a bit brighter than similarly-priced 16-inch gaming laptops like the Alienware m16 or Lenovo Legion Pro 5 Gen 8 .

But as you can see from the charts of test results, our Framework Laptop 16 review unit couldn't quite hit that advertised 100% coverage of the DCI-P3 color gamut. While it could hit 106.5% of the less demanding sRGB gamut, our review unit was only able to achieve about 75.4% of the DCI-P3 color space.

That's right in line with most laptops in this price range, and it means you probably won't want to do mission-critical color-accurate work on this display. But for the rest of us who aren't professional editors, the Framework Laptop 16's display is plenty bright and colorful enough to make what you do on it look good.

Framework Laptop 16 review: Ports

• 6 Expansion Card slots give you the freedom to configure ports as you please
• Difference in slot functions can be confusing, and you have to slot in Cards to charge the laptop or use headphones

The Framework Laptop 16 doesn't have a traditional laptop port array. Instead, it comes with an expanded version of the Expansion Card system pioneered in the original Framework Laptop — featuring six open slots on the bottom of the laptop (3 along each side) where you can slot in whichever Expansion Cards you please.

You buy these Cards direct from Framework, both when you purchase the laptop and afterwards via the Framework Marketplace . That means you do have to shell out for an assortment of Cards to use your Framework to full effect, but you get unmatched freedom to mix and match up the Cards you're using on the fly.

I really love the freedom this affords, because sometimes I like to use old devices that require USB-A ports and other times I'd like my laptop to have an Ethernet port so I can download games faster than Wi-Fi allows. Other times I'd really love to have an HDMI out, because I'd rather play my games on my big LG C2 OLED screen.

If I was wise I'd simply buy the perfect laptop with exactly the ports I need for every occasion, but if there's a version of myself with that kind of foresight and maturity I've yet to meet him. For that matter, I've yet to find the perfect laptop. The Asus ROG Zephyrus G14 (2023) comes pretty close, as gaming laptops go, but the side-mounted power port and lack of USB-C ports turn me off.

That's why I appreciate the Expansion Card system: You can put as many USB-C ports on the Framework 16 as you care to, and you can charge the laptop from almost any of them. However, not all the slots work the same. The Ryzen 7040 Framework 16 laptops are slightly more complex than the Framework 13 in that only some of the Expansion Card slots support specific Cards.

This has to do with the mainboard, and it's not too much of a hassle once you learn which slots support which Cards. The two ports on either side that are closest to the display support USB4 via the USB-C Card, support display out Cards (so DisplayPort or HDMI out) but they deliver way too much power if you plug in a USB-A device. Those are best saved for the two Card slots closest to you, which are less capable than the rear slots insofar as they can only offer USB-C 3.2 instead of USB-C 4, can't support charging and can't support display out Cards. 

It's a little complicated, but there's an easy reference document and you learn the trick of it pretty quick. Another thing you quickly learn about the Framework 16 is that you have to attach a USB-C Expansion Card in order to even charge the laptop.

That's right, there is no built-in charging port on the Framework 16, nor is there a headphone jack. But you can shell out $19 for an Audio Expansion Card sporting a 3.5mm audio jack that slides into one of the slots on the laptop, if you really want to plug in a pair of cans.

Framework Laptop 16 review: Performance

• Speedy performance, and with eGPU attached it's a solid gaming machine
• But even with the GPU it can't play games as well as competing gaming laptops

Our Framework 16 review unit feels plenty fast enough for my day-to-day work thanks to its AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS CPU and 16GB of DDR5 RAM. Not once did I notice frustrating slowdown or hitching when flipping between browser tabs and apps at work, nor did I have much trouble playing games when the work was done.

I had loads of fun cruising around Night City in Cyberpunk 2077 once I turned the settings down from Ultra to High, and I could even enjoy a little raytracing thanks to the Radeon 7700S stuck to the butt of this laptop. Other, less demanding games (like Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters and Marvel's Midnight Suns) ran well (40-60 frames per second) even at High settings, as long as the Framework 16 was plugged in and set to high performance mode. 

But when we put the Framework 16 through our battery of performance tests, its weaknesses compared to more performance-focused gaming laptops started to show. As mentioned earlier I stacked the Framework's test results up against some similarly-priced 16-inch gaming laptops we recently tested, and while the Framework got close it couldn't match the raw CPU power of the Alienware m16 (a $1,699 model packing an Intel Core i7-13700HX) or the Lenovo Legion Pro 5 ($1,839 model with an AMD Ryzen 7 7745HX CPU). 

Both gaming laptops beat the Framework 16 in the Geekbench 6 multi-core CPU benchmarking test, and both were able to burn through our video editing test (which times how long it takes the laptop to transcode a video file using Handbrake) faster to boot. 

The one winning point for Framework here is in the drive speed test, where the Framework Laptop 16's M.2 SSD was able to throw files around faster than the anemic drive inside Alienware's m16. 

And when we look at some performance tests using recent big-budget games, a similar story plays out. We ran our Framework Laptop 16 review unit through a series of gaming benchmarks, and while it performed well enough it was outclassed by the Alienware and the Lenovo gaming laptops across the board. 

So while I didn't have any complaints while playing through my favorite PC strategy games on this laptop, it's definitely not the best choice for raw performance. You can definitely enjoy modern games like Alan Wake 2, Cyberpunk 2077 and Baldur's Gate 3 on this laptop, but you might have to fiddle with the graphics settings to wring the most enjoyment out of it.

Framework Laptop 16 review: Audio

• Stereo speakers get loud and deliver bright, clear audio with little distortion
• No bass worth mentioning

The stereo speakers inside our Framework Laptop 16 review unit do a decent job of kicking the jams out of the two speaker cutouts on either side of the laptop, near the front of the keyboard deck. The speakers get nice and loud without noticeable distortion on the high end, and I'm impressed at how strong and clear vocals sound when listening to artists like Kamaiyah, The Mountain Goats and Tune-Yards. 

 However, despite the presence of an ALC1318 smart amp inside the Framework I didn't feel much bass, even with the laptop cranked to max volume. Hardly a dealbreaker, but you'll want to listen to your drum and bass with a nice set of headphones (or ideally, an in-car surround system with a woofer in the trunk) for peak enjoyment.

Framework Laptop 16 (2023) review: Keyboard

• Keyboard and touchpad work well despite being easy to move around
• Customizable keyboard and touchpad components let you adjust for comfort

The keyboard on your Framework Laptop 16 will look different depending on which one you order, but they all offer 1.5mm of key travel, support n-key rollover and run on QMK firmware. 

The default keyboard (available in a variety of languages and formats) is backlit with white light, but you can also get either a clear or dark keyboard with per-key RGB lighting like what you see on our review unit. And as mentioned earlier you can align the keyboard to either side or center it on the deck, then slot in a number pad or an LED-equipped panel to add some extra flair. 

The feeling of typing on the Framework Laptop 16 is quite normal and nice, at least to my fingers. While the keyboard is removable and the deck beneath it can sometimes feel a little weak if you press hard on it, I never noticed any weakness or unsettling bending happening while I was typing on this Framework. The keyboard and number pad also stay nice and secure once you slot them into place, so you shouldn't worry about them sliding around while in use.

The touchpad beneath the keyboard can also be aligned to the left, right or center depending on what you find comfortable, and while I sometimes had a hard time knowing where the line between right-click and left-click was I managed to muddle through. I think I'd rather use an external mouse or gamepad for any serious work or play, but in a pinch the Framework Laptop 16's touchpad is good enough to get you through the day.

Framework Laptop 16 (2023) review: Battery life and heat

• Nearly 9 hours of tested battery life is decent for a high-performance laptop
• Intense gaming can turn this machine into a lap-scorcher, so watch out

Our Framework Laptop 16 review unit lasted just under 9 hours (8:49) in our battery tests, which task the laptop with endlessly surfing the web via Wi-Fi (with its screen set to a rather dim 150 nits of brightness) until it conks out.

That's an interesting number because it means different things depending on what you compare the Framework Laptop 16 against. It's pretty poor compared to most MacBooks, which tend to average between 12-18 hours of life on a single charge. It's also worse than many of the best Windows laptops , many of which can achieve 10-12 hours with no trouble.

But when you compare our Framework 16 review unit against similarly-sized gaming laptops with high-performance components, 8+ hours when browsing the web isn't terrible. In fact, it's a bit better than average. 

Luckily it has decent charge speeds. I plugged in our Framework Laptop 16 review unit at 0% power, and about 30 minutes later it had climbed up past 23%. After an hour it had charged up to about 50%, which isn't half bad.

And while you can expect only about an hour or so of gaming on battery power when you have all the settings cranked to max, that's again pretty on par with other gaming laptops. While you will get more fun out of a full battery with a gaming laptop like the Asus ROG Zephyrus G14 (2023) , even that long-lasting gaming machine only lasts an hour or so longer than the Framework 16 in our battery tests.

However, our Framework 16 does get a little toasty while gaming. I noticed this in my own time playing games like Cyberpunk 2077 on it, and our heat test results back that up. When we put the laptop through 15 minutes of hard work and then skimmed it with a heat gun, we found it got as hot as 102.2 degrees on the upper-left corner of the keyboard deck. When we then put it through 15 minutes of a demanding game like Metro Exodus Enhanced Edition it got even hotter, peaking at 121.1 degrees on the  bottom of the laptop. 

So while you should have plenty of warning before it gets too hot to handle, be aware this machine could become uncomfortably warm if you do a lot of high-octane gaming with it in your lap. 

Framework Laptop 16 review: Webcam

• 1080p webcam does a good job of capturing details
• Physical privacy switches for webcam and mic are nice to have

The 1080p webcam in our Framework Laptop 16 review unit does a decent job of capturing detail, but it's not going to make you look your best on video calls. 

I do appreciate that the webcam (which sits in the center of the display's top bezel) is flanked by two physical switches, one to turn off the camera and the other to disable the microphone. If you're concerned about privacy and having complete control over when your laptop is recording you, this is the best you can get short of slapping duct tape over the webcam.

Framework Laptop 16 review: Verdict

If I was going to buy a laptop for myself this year, I'd buy a Framework Laptop 16."

The Framework Laptop 16 is a great all-around laptop that's a jack of all trades and master of none. Kit it out with the right parts and it could easily sit on your desk at college all semester as a dedicated homework/gaming machine, but with 10 minutes of work you can transform it into a lighter laptop with more storage and all the ports you need to deliver your presentation to the class.

Though it's not as long-lasting as a MacBook, as light as the slimmest ultraportables or as powerful as a cutting-edge gaming laptop this Framework delivers killer value with its unparalleled customizability and repairability. While the modular design brings with it new things to worry about, like losing pieces of your keyboard deck or running out the door without your charging port attached, in return you get the peace of mind of knowing that when something breaks, there's a decent chance you can order a replacement part from Framework and fix it yourself.

At a broader level, the Framework Laptop 16 is a remarkable feat of engineering that proves the original Framework Laptop wasn't just a flash in the pan. 

That's a big deal because back when the company debuted in 2021 I wasn't sure they could sell enough Frameworks to survive the year, much less prove there was a market for ultra-customizable, highly repairable laptops. And that could undercut the value of these laptops considerably, because if Framework goes out of business we may see the marketplace for replacement Framework parts dry up—though Framework has committed to working with the community to provide parts schematics and other resources, so repairs and new parts could continue to be easily available even if the company shutters.

But with the Framework Laptop 16 finally here and looking as good as advertised, my fears about the longevity of Framework are slowly fading. While you can get better performance from other laptops, there's nothing on the market that can match the Framework Laptop 16 in terms of versatility, repairability or respect for owners. And that's why if I was going to buy a laptop for myself this year, I'd buy a Framework Laptop 16.

Alex Wawro is a lifelong tech and games enthusiast with more than a decade of experience covering both for outlets like Game Developer, Black Hat, and PC World magazine. A lifelong PC builder, he currently serves as a senior editor at Tom's Guide covering all things computing, from laptops and desktops to keyboards and mice. 

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Framework Laptop 16 review: two weeks with the ultimate modular laptop

How much will you forgive for a one-of-a-kind notebook.

By Sean Hollister , a senior editor and founding member of The Verge who covers gadgets, games, and toys. He spent 15 years editing the likes of CNET, Gizmodo, and Engadget.

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The Framework Laptop 16 is the most ambitious notebook I’ve ever touched. There’s never been anything like it before. There’s so much to cover that it won’t fit in this review, so I’m hosting an AMA today on The Verge to answer your burning questions.

Never has a computer company made a laptop so user-repairable, so customizable, so… modular . Never have I owned a laptop that’s a workhorse by day, physically transforms into a competent gaming PC by night, then morphs into an RGB-LED-studded five-screen DJ controller when the mood strikes. Never have I swapped out a laptop’s entire butt for a bigger one containing a discrete graphics card, then powered the whole rig with a world’s first 180-watt USB-C PD power supply. And never have I been able to lift out a laptop’s keyboard and touchpad, shift them to the left or right, then add a numpad, or a matrix of dazzling LEDs, or a simple pop of color alongside. 

• Framework Laptop 16: an exclusive look inside

The Framework Laptop 16 does all of this, and someday, it might even do more! It sports not one, not two, but three open-source module standards that could let others build and sell add-in GPUs, alternative keyboards and touchpads, secondary screens, even extra battery capacity. 

But first, Framework would have to convince a lot of buyers that it’s built an exceptional laptop on a stable, futureproof platform. And after spending two-plus weeks with the Framework Laptop 16 as my constant companion for work and play, I worry it might not meet that bar.

Let’s get this out of the way: the Framework Laptop 16 needs more time in the oven. How much more, I can’t say — but the company tells The Verge that the first units will begin shipping to buyers as early as next week, and that the unit we have in our hands is representative of final performance and near-final build quality. The embargo lifts today. So we’re publishing a scored review, even though the device doesn’t feel finished to me.

This isn’t our first rodeo: Remember when the Steam Deck similarly wasn’t ready on review day , but shipped in small enough batches with diligent enough updates that most buyers didn’t have to endure the worst? Framework is similarly shipping this laptop in small batches, and I sure hope it follows the same update trajectory.

Over the past two weeks, I’ve had the computer go completely unresponsive once per day on average, each time requiring a hard reboot. Every now and then, I’ll notice that the normally excellent 2560 x 1600 screen has gotten… weirdly washed out? My secondary SSD sometimes mysteriously disappears when the laptop goes to sleep, yanking a library of games with it. The lid and some of the input modules have a bit of flex and display prominent seams, taking away some of the premium feel. And this computer’s CPU can heat up north of 90 degrees Celsius in real-world use, making the fans scream like micro jet engines until you lay off the juice.

None of these issues seem to have surprised the Framework team, which has worked to get myself and fellow reviewers several new BIOSes with updated fan tables and other miscellaneous fixes. I’ve been told Framework has already fixed a touchpad-related Blue Screen of Death I saw, and that additional patches are on the way, which is great to hear. I’ve also been told the temps are normal, despite the fact every buyer will get a slightly improved vapor chamber I haven’t been able to test. 

But I need to remind you that The Verge reviews what it can see and touch , not raw potential. We’ll adjust this review if or when we see this laptop become stable.

Update, January 25th: I’m now satisfied that the touchpad-related BSOD is no longer occurring, though I still need to test other unrelated freezes I saw.

Are you feeling appropriately warned? Great — there are a lot of other things you may want to consider if you’re seriously eyeing this PC!

Depending on the config, it’s easiest to think of the Framework 16 as either a premium work laptop (like a MacBook Pro or a Dell XPS 15) or a midrange gaming machine. With an up-to-5GHz AMD Ryzen 9 7840HS or 7940HS CPU, it’s got plenty of mobile CPU power. Two easily accessible DDR5 RAM slots, two NVMe SSD slots, and a DIY configurator also let you add up to 64GB of memory and around 10TB of storage at current densities, practically as little or much as you need.

The screen is also well above average — while it’s no OLED and doesn’t do HDR, the 2560 x 1600, 16:10 IPS screen is speedy at 165Hz, with variable refresh rate and 100 percent of the DCI-P3 color gamut for a smooth, colorful, and remarkably high contrast experience — for the most part. The 500-nit screen’s anti-glare coating is also quite good. So is the touchpad, the optional RGB keyboard and optional numpad — with fully programmable keys thanks to integrated Raspberry Pi RP2040 chips running QMK firmware, with a dedicated web app to program them right out of the box.

The big question is what you’ll pair those components with: the default endcap that makes the laptop smaller, a $400 RX 7700S discrete GPU that gives the Framework 16 PlayStation 5-class gaming chops but makes the laptop’s butt bigger... or buy both and swap them at will. 

Astute readers of The Verge may wonder, “Sean, how the heck did you test a gaming laptop for two weeks straight if you spent half that time carting it around CES in Las Vegas?” 

The answer: I didn’t need to cart it all around at once! Each morning, I’d carry the most buttoned-up version of the Framework 16 up and down the Vegas strip, shedding 20 millimeters of length, 3 millimeters of girth, and two-thirds of a pound by leaving the Radeon 7700S and the flashier LED modules in my hotel room for use in the evenings. Frankly, it was the only way the 16-inch laptop could comfortably fit in my bag. 

Yes, it was risky. I took an unproven rifle into battle this CES, and it could have shot me in the foot. While I didn’t lose any work when the laptop froze, that’s only because my drafts auto-saved to the cloud. And I only averaged 5.5 hours of that work on a charge. (You can get more: as I wrote this review with all power saving features turned on, minimal app load, and the CPU capped to around 2.5GHz, I got six hours and 40 minutes without the machine getting too slow for my typical web work.) 

I wound up spending every day, sometimes late into the evening, doing everything on the Framework 16 during CES (and since). I wrote, edited, pulled files off cameras and SD cards, edited photos, tethered to my phone, then kicked back with some Netflix or Alan Wake II in my free time. 

It takes just two minutes and six screws to swap a Radeon 7700S discrete GPU into this laptop, and it’s one of the most delightfully nerdy things I’ve done in 15-plus years covering tech. I have two entire stories about how historic an achievement this is, so I won’t get into it all here.

Let’s just say it feels absolutely badass to double, triple, even quadruple the GPU horsepower of a laptop — depending on the game — just by sliding a new graphics card into the back of this PC.

Is it practical, though? I’m torn.

Framework Laptop 16: adding a GPU

On the one hand, this is the only fully user-repairable laptop ever made that can swap its graphics card like a desktop PC, and it can genuinely game. Plugged into the wall, I averaged over 60 frames per second in older games like Shadow of the Tomb Raider and Assassin’s Creed Valhalla at 2560 x 1600 resolution and highest settings — minus ray tracing, where AMD’s mobile GPUs still suck and the 7700S is no exception. 

With more demanding fare like Cyberpunk 2077 and Red Dead Redemption 2 , I did have to drop to 1080p resolution to get over 60fps at max spec, but there’s enough headroom to play just about anything comfortably if you’re willing to tweak. Alan Wake II, one of the most demanding PC games ever made, played smoothly at medium settings, with an internal render resolution of 1706 x 1066 plus AMD’s FSR 2.2 upscaling. 

Framework Laptop 16 gaming at native res

But while that’s all seriously impressive for a modular laptop, one that could theoretically let you upgrade that GPU someday, it’s not that impressive in less of a vacuum. The numbers I’m seeing put the never-before-seen 7700S partway between the laptop-grade Nvidia RTX 3060 and RTX 3070, chips that are over two years old. You could buy a laptop with slightly better gaming chops for half the price you’d pay for this one — and it’d last longer on a charge. I only managed 50 minutes of usable battery in Shadow of the Tomb Raider , and that’s after reducing resolution down to 1920 x 1200 and high spec to get the same frame rates I saw plugged into the wall. 

(Like many gaming laptops, the Framework 16’s battery isn’t enough to power it at full bore: While I love the Framework 16’s 180W USB-C PD power supply and the motherboard’s ability to deliver 100W of that power straight to the GPU, yanking the cord immediately cuts the laptop’s power budget in half, and I saw frame rates tank by roughly the same amount.)

Framework Laptop 16, unplugged

And while I’d personally be happy to buy a futureproof gaming laptop with a midrange GPU or no GPU if I knew I’d be able to install future graphics cards, it’s important to note that Framework still won’t swear to that. “We can’t comment on any future product plans, only a company-level commitment to upgradeability and graphics upgradeability being one of the core design and architecture focuses of Framework Laptop 16,” CEO Nirav Patel tells The Verge when I ask the question point-blank.

Between the lack of confidence there and some ongoing cooling issues, I have to wonder if the Framework 16’s expansion bay will truly be a futureproof system. Did I mention the fans are currently so noisy while gaming they can muffle the reasonably loud speakers? So loud that my wife recently walked across the house to say: “I just wanted to let you know I’m sitting at my desk in the other room, and I can still hear that thing.”

While the GPU itself seems fairly well cooled as a result, I’ve seen the CPU hit 99 degrees Celsius while gaming, and stay over 90 degrees Celsius just downloading games. It doesn’t thermally throttle itself, though, so I suppose the noise is the worst of it for today — but the bottom center of the laptop does get hot enough while gaming that I wouldn’t use it on my actual lap.

I should note that without the discrete GPU, particularly in Windows’ “best power efficiency” mode, I rarely hear the fans spin up at all. I’m totally comfortable with it on my lap that way.

Some of Framework’s other modules came in handy at CES, too. When I wanted to transfer files from my camera’s microSD card, I swapped in a microSD module. When I lost my Bluetooth earbuds and needed to listen to some VO, all I had to do was swap in the 3.5mm audio module and borrow Andru’s wired headset for a few minutes. Sure, I could have carried around a USB-C hub instead, but if I were better prepared I’d have outfitted the Framework 16’s six expansion card bays with the right ports to begin with. Even so, the lightweight expansion cards made my load lighter than my Anker 7-in-1 hub would have done. 

There are two little thumbnail levers on the bottom of the laptop that unlock your six hot-swappable expansion card bays, like Framework’s earlier laptops, and I’m sorry to say you’ve still got to yank on them pretty hard even after they’ve been unlocked. But the Framework 16 also has new thumbnail levers on either end of the keyboard deck, and what they unlock is awesome:

This is the only laptop ever made that you can customize like this — full stop. I genuinely can’t believe a laptop is making it to market with such a cool, concept-y feature like hot-swappable keyboards, touchpads, LED modules, and spacers — ones that snap into place with magnets and use loads of pogo pins to power and transfer data and detect which items are where. The computer even boots into a GUI that shows you which modules aren’t quite seated correctly if you mess it up. 

But I wouldn’t say there’s a lot of reason to customize right now, and I wasn’t always happy with the way my customizations looked and felt. The default keyboard is great, the $49 RGB version is brilliant with loads of great effects, the $19 touchpad is a no-brainer (with a handy dedicated calculator app launch button), and I love how the $20 color shift spacers look with their vibrant purple, orange, and blue sheen, as long as I made sure to wipe off my fingerprints a few times a day.

Some of the other options are a little more questionable. 

I can’t see myself going for the $59 RGB Macropad, whose completely clear keys have no legends and no homing bump on the 5 key, or the $49 LED Matrix spacers that are apparently so early on that Framework hasn’t finished building an app that lets you do more than test out some patterns for a couple of minutes before they put themselves to sleep. (Maybe only programmers need apply.)

The input modules still feel a bit prototype-y in terms of fit and finish, too. My default metal spacers were oh-so-slightly darker than the touchpad they’re supposed to match, with very visible seams even at their best. Both the metal and plastic spacers have enough flex that they can bend upward a bit in use, creating even worse seams if you put two of them next to each other. My review unit looks much better with a center-aligned keyboard and touchpad with spacers on either side, rather than combining the spacers together on the right or left. 

Framework tells me that final units shipping to customers should have better alignment and slightly flatter spacers, but I haven’t seen that yet.

And speaking of flex, my review unit’s lid has a lot of it — enough that it visibly bends every time I reach to open or close the screen, and enough that it doesn’t lie quite flat when closed. Lid flex has been one of the weak points of Framework’s laptops since the beginning, and I was hoping it’d be worked out by now.

How much are you willing to forgive to support the most exciting laptop idea in years? How much does repairability matter to you? How much are you willing to pay for a marvelous experiment that could end in tears if the upgrades don’t materialize? 

Because the Framework Laptop 16 isn’t cheap. While its configurator starts at $1,400, you’re really looking at around $1,750 for a competent baseline configuration with 16GB of RAM, 1TB of storage, plus a numpad, and colored spacers to justify buying such a modular machine. The GPU-equipped config I’d buy myself would run me $2,500, even if I bought an aftermarket copy of Windows and aftermarket 2TB game storage drive. (Don’t buy an aftermarket power supply; I saw the Framework 16 peak at 163W draw during games, and no other company sells one that powerful yet.)

AGREE TO CONTINUE: Framework Laptop 16

I tested a DIY edition of the Framework Laptop 16, which can be purchased without a Windows operating system and thus includes no mandatory agreements. You can install Linux instead.

However, if you do install Windows, you’ll need to agree to the following:

• Windows Software License Terms: Windows Operating System and Terms of Use

You can also say yes or no to the following:

• Privacy settings (location, Find My Device, sharing diagnostic data, inking and typing, tailored experience, advertising ID)

That’s two mandatory agreements and six optional agreements for the Windows route.

If you’ve read this far, I think you know your own answer — and it’s worth remembering the journey that Framework took to get here. Framework is the only company that’s ever delivered on the promise of modular, upgradable mini computers, while bigger firms like Alienware and Intel gave up after taking your cash . You can take a three-year-old Intel laptop from Framework and easily stick a modern AMD board inside, plus a new larger battery, a new Wi-Fi chip, new storage, memory, and ports. I’m inclined to trust this company more than anyone else with the idea.

It’s not a company with a perfect track record; it’s made a number of little hardware mistakes along the way, whether it’s something as simple as cheaply EMI shielding a USB port or discovering late that its older HDMI and DisplayPort modules created vampire power drain . But even then, it tends to fix those mistakes, and getting those fixes can sometimes be as simple as swapping out a part in your completely modular machine.  

The Framework Laptop 16 is already a nerd’s dream: trailblazing, gadgety, fun, and incredibly promising. But it’s always possible that this time, the company bit off more than it can chew. That’s almost exactly how I felt about the Steam Deck at its buggy, broken debut — but before a year had passed, it became a category-defining leader that deserved a brand-new review . 

I want what Framework is selling. I desperately hope this idea takes off. But I can’t personally afford it as a toy, and I need it to work better than it has for the past two weeks, and maybe do more, to justify buying one.

Photography by Sean Hollister

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Text of this article

June 10, 2024

PRESS RELEASE

Setting a new standard for privacy in AI, Apple Intelligence understands personal context to deliver intelligence that is helpful and relevant

CUPERTINO, CALIFORNIA Apple today introduced Apple Intelligence , the personal intelligence system for iPhone, iPad, and Mac that combines the power of generative models with personal context to deliver intelligence that’s incredibly useful and relevant. Apple Intelligence is deeply integrated into iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS Sequoia. It harnesses the power of Apple silicon to understand and create language and images, take action across apps, and draw from personal context to simplify and accelerate everyday tasks. With Private Cloud Compute, Apple sets a new standard for privacy in AI, with the ability to flex and scale computational capacity between on-device processing and larger, server-based models that run on dedicated Apple silicon servers.

“We’re thrilled to introduce a new chapter in Apple innovation. Apple Intelligence will transform what users can do with our products — and what our products can do for our users,” said Tim Cook, Apple’s CEO. “Our unique approach combines generative AI with a user’s personal context to deliver truly helpful intelligence. And it can access that information in a completely private and secure way to help users do the things that matter most to them. This is AI as only Apple can deliver it, and we can’t wait for users to experience what it can do.”

Apple Intelligence unlocks new ways for users to enhance their writing and communicate more effectively. With brand-new systemwide Writing Tools built into iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS Sequoia, users can rewrite, proofread, and summarize text nearly everywhere they write, including Mail, Notes, Pages, and third-party apps.

Whether tidying up class notes, ensuring a blog post reads just right, or making sure an email is perfectly crafted, Writing Tools help users feel more confident in their writing. With Rewrite, Apple Intelligence allows users to choose from different versions of what they have written, adjusting the tone to suit the audience and task at hand. From finessing a cover letter, to adding humor and creativity to a party invitation, Rewrite helps deliver the right words to meet the occasion. Proofread checks grammar, word choice, and sentence structure while also suggesting edits — along with explanations of the edits — that users can review or quickly accept. With Summarize, users can select text and have it recapped in the form of a digestible paragraph, bulleted key points, a table, or a list.

In Mail, staying on top of emails has never been easier. With Priority Messages, a new section at the top of the inbox shows the most urgent emails, like a same-day dinner invitation or boarding pass. Across a user’s inbox, instead of previewing the first few lines of each email, they can see summaries without needing to open a message. For long threads, users can view pertinent details with just a tap. Smart Reply provides suggestions for a quick response, and will identify questions in an email to ensure everything is answered.

Deep understanding of language also extends to Notifications. Priority Notifications appear at the top of the stack to surface what’s most important, and summaries help users scan long or stacked notifications to show key details right on the Lock Screen, such as when a group chat is particularly active. And to help users stay present in what they’re doing, Reduce Interruptions is a new Focus that surfaces only the notifications that might need immediate attention, like a text about an early pickup from daycare.

In the Notes and Phone apps, users can now record, transcribe, and summarize audio. When a recording is initiated while on a call, participants are automatically notified, and once the call ends, Apple Intelligence generates a summary to help recall key points.

Apple Intelligence powers exciting image creation capabilities to help users communicate and express themselves in new ways. With Image Playground, users can create fun images in seconds, choosing from three styles: Animation, Illustration, or Sketch. Image Playground is easy to use and built right into apps including Messages. It’s also available in a dedicated app, perfect for experimenting with different concepts and styles. All images are created on device, giving users the freedom to experiment with as many images as they want.

With Image Playground, users can choose from a range of concepts from categories like themes, costumes, accessories, and places; type a description to define an image; choose someone from their personal photo library to include in their image; and pick their favorite style.

With the Image Playground experience in Messages, users can quickly create fun images for their friends, and even see personalized suggested concepts related to their conversations. For example, if a user is messaging a group about going hiking, they’ll see suggested concepts related to their friends, their destination, and their activity, making image creation even faster and more relevant.

In Notes, users can access Image Playground through the new Image Wand in the Apple Pencil tool palette, making notes more visually engaging. Rough sketches can be turned into delightful images, and users can even select empty space to create an image using context from the surrounding area. Image Playground is also available in apps like Keynote, Freeform, and Pages, as well as in third-party apps that adopt the new Image Playground API.

Taking emoji to an entirely new level, users can create an original Genmoji to express themselves. By simply typing a description, their Genmoji appears, along with additional options. Users can even create Genmoji of friends and family based on their photos. Just like emoji, Genmoji can be added inline to messages, or shared as a sticker or reaction in a Tapback.

Searching for photos and videos becomes even more convenient with Apple Intelligence. Natural language can be used to search for specific photos, such as “Maya skateboarding in a tie-dye shirt,” or “Katie with stickers on her face.” Search in videos also becomes more powerful with the ability to find specific moments in clips so users can go right to the relevant segment. Additionally, the new Clean Up tool can identify and remove distracting objects in the background of a photo — without accidentally altering the subject.

With Memories, users can create the story they want to see by simply typing a description. Using language and image understanding, Apple Intelligence will pick out the best photos and videos based on the description, craft a storyline with chapters based on themes identified from the photos, and arrange them into a movie with its own narrative arc. Users will even get song suggestions to match their memory from Apple Music. As with all Apple Intelligence features, user photos and videos are kept private on device and are not shared with Apple or anyone else.

Powered by Apple Intelligence, Siri becomes more deeply integrated into the system experience. With richer language-understanding capabilities, Siri is more natural, more contextually relevant, and more personal, with the ability to simplify and accelerate everyday tasks. It can follow along if users stumble over words and maintain context from one request to the next. Additionally, users can type to Siri, and switch between text and voice to communicate with Siri in whatever way feels right for the moment. Siri also has a brand-new design with an elegant glowing light that wraps around the edge of the screen when Siri is active.

Siri can now give users device support everywhere they go, and answer thousands of questions about how to do something on iPhone, iPad, and Mac. Users can learn everything from how to schedule an email in the Mail app, to how to switch from Light to Dark Mode.

With onscreen awareness, Siri will be able to understand and take action with users’ content in more apps over time. For example, if a friend texts a user their new address in Messages, the receiver can say, “Add this address to his contact card.”

With Apple Intelligence, Siri will be able to take hundreds of new actions in and across Apple and third-party apps. For example, a user could say, “Bring up that article about cicadas from my Reading List,” or “Send the photos from the barbecue on Saturday to Malia,” and Siri will take care of it.

Siri will be able to deliver intelligence that’s tailored to the user and their on-device information. For example, a user can say, “Play that podcast that Jamie recommended,” and Siri will locate and play the episode, without the user having to remember whether it was mentioned in a text or an email. Or they could ask, “When is Mom’s flight landing?” and Siri will find the flight details and cross-reference them with real-time flight tracking to give an arrival time.

To be truly helpful, Apple Intelligence relies on understanding deep personal context while also protecting user privacy. A cornerstone of Apple Intelligence is on-device processing, and many of the models that power it run entirely on device. To run more complex requests that require more processing power, Private Cloud Compute extends the privacy and security of Apple devices into the cloud to unlock even more intelligence.

With Private Cloud Compute, Apple Intelligence can flex and scale its computational capacity and draw on larger, server-based models for more complex requests. These models run on servers powered by Apple silicon, providing a foundation that allows Apple to ensure that data is never retained or exposed.

Independent experts can inspect the code that runs on Apple silicon servers to verify privacy, and Private Cloud Compute cryptographically ensures that iPhone, iPad, and Mac do not talk to a server unless its software has been publicly logged for inspection. Apple Intelligence with Private Cloud Compute sets a new standard for privacy in AI, unlocking intelligence users can trust.

Apple is integrating ChatGPT access into experiences within iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS Sequoia, allowing users to access its expertise — as well as its image- and document-understanding capabilities — without needing to jump between tools.

Siri can tap into ChatGPT’s expertise when helpful. Users are asked before any questions are sent to ChatGPT, along with any documents or photos, and Siri then presents the answer directly.

Additionally, ChatGPT will be available in Apple’s systemwide Writing Tools, which help users generate content for anything they are writing about. With Compose, users can also access ChatGPT image tools to generate images in a wide variety of styles to complement what they are writing.

Privacy protections are built in for users who access ChatGPT — their IP addresses are obscured, and OpenAI won’t store requests. ChatGPT’s data-use policies apply for users who choose to connect their account.

ChatGPT will come to iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS Sequoia later this year, powered by GPT-4o. Users can access it for free without creating an account, and ChatGPT subscribers can connect their accounts and access paid features right from these experiences.

Availability

Apple Intelligence is free for users, and will be available in beta as part of iOS 18 , iPadOS 18 , and macOS Sequoia  this fall in U.S. English. Some features, software platforms, and additional languages will come over the course of the next year. Apple Intelligence will be available on iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max, and iPad and Mac with M1 and later, with Siri and device language set to U.S. English. For more information, visit apple.com/apple-intelligence .

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