synonym for research by

US:USA pronunciation: respellingUSA pronunciation: respelling(ri sûrch , rē sûrch)

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Synonyms for research

• investigation
• examination
• exploration
• experimentation
• fact-finding
• investigate
• make inquiries
• consult the archives

a seeking of knowledge, data, or the truth about something

• inquisition

systematic investigation to establish facts

Related words.

• investigating
• operations research
• market research
• marketing research
• research project
• scientific research

a search for knowledge

• problem solving
• nature study
• empirical research
• opinion poll
• public opinion poll

attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner

Inquire into.

• cast around
• res adjudicata
• res ipsa loquitur
• res judicata
• res publica
• rescindable
• rescue equipment
• rescue operation
• rescue party
• research center
• research colloquium
• research director
• research facility
• research lab
• research laboratory
• research rocket
• research staff
• research worker
• Reseda luteola
• Reseda odorata
• resemblance
• re-sentencing
• Rescuscitator
• resealing pressure
• resealing trap
• Research & Acquisition Communications Division
• Research & Analysis Wing
• Research & development
• Research & Development 1
• Research & Development 2
• Research & Development Cost
• Research & Development Costs
• Research & Development Electronic Security
• Research & Development Engineering
• Research & Development Objectives
• Research & Development Obligation Phasing Plan
• Research & Development Planning Summary
• Research & Educational Planning Center
• Research & Engineering
• Research & Innovation
• Research & Planning
• Research & Reconnaissance
• Research & Technology
• Research & Technology Laboratories
• Research & Technology Organization
• Research & Technology Work Unit Information System
• Research Abroad Program
• Research Academic Computer Technology Institute
• Research Academies for Young Scientists
• Research Access Incorporated
• Research Across America
• Research across the Curriculum
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Look up a word, learn it forever.

Other forms: researches; researching; researched

In their spare time, teenagers LOVE doing extra research , by investigating the facts of a certain subject and studying and recording what they learn. And if you believe that, you need to do more research on the habits of teenagers.

Research comes from the Old French word recercher , meaning "seek out," or "search closely." When you do research, you are searching for knowledge and facts. Although you write plenty of research papers in college, on anything from the Industrial Revolution to the meaning behind a fur-lined teacup, the term is often used when talking about science, because scientists use step-by-step research to prove what is true, or not true, in their line of work.

• noun a search for knowledge “their pottery deserves more research than it has received” synonyms: enquiry , inquiry see more see less types: show 11 types... hide 11 types... nature study the study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level) experiment , experimentation the testing of an idea empirical research an empirical search for knowledge investigation , probe an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities canvass , opinion poll , poll , public opinion poll , survey an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people heraldry the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies pilot experiment a preliminary experiment whose outcome can lead to a more extensive experiment test , trial , trial run , tryout trying something to find out about it fishing expedition an investigation undertaken in the hope (but not the stated purpose) of discovering information exit poll a poll of voters as they leave the voting place; usually taken by news media in order to predict the outcome of an election straw poll , straw vote an unofficial vote taken to determine opinion on some issue type of: problem solving the thought processes involved in solving a problem
• noun systematic investigation to establish facts see more see less types: show 15 types... hide 15 types... operations research research designed to determine most efficient way to do something field work an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters market research , marketing research research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer microscopy research with the use of microscopes probe an investigation conducted using a flexible surgical instrument to explore an injury or a body cavity research project , scientific research research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses big science scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results biological research scientific research conducted by biologists experiment , experimentation the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation market analysis marketing research that yields information about the marketplace product research marketing research that yields information about desired characteristics of the product or service consumer research marketing research that yields information about the motives and needs of different classes of consumers electron microscopy microscopy with the use of electron microscopes dark field illumination , dark ground illumination a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background fluorescence microscopy light microscopy in which the specimen is irradiated at wavelengths that excite fluorochromes type of: investigating , investigation the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically
• verb inquire into “the students had to research the history of the Second World War for their history project” synonyms: delve , explore , search see more see less types: show 5 types... hide 5 types... prospect explore for useful or valuable things or substances, such as minerals google search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine mapquest search for a location and directions by means of the MapQuest program re-explore explore anew beat about , cast about , cast around search anxiously type of: investigate , look into investigate scientifically
• verb attempt to find out in a systematic and scientific manner “The student researched the history of that word” see more see less types: consult , look up , refer seek information from type of: investigate , look into investigate scientifically

Vocabulary lists containing research

To improve your fluency in English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR), learn this academic vocabulary list that includes words selected from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) state standards.

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What is another word for research ?

Synonyms for research rɪˈsɜrtʃ, ˈri sɜrtʃ re·search, this thesaurus page includes all potential synonyms, words with the same meaning and similar terms for the word research ., wiktionary rate these synonyms: 2.0 / 7 votes.

research noun

Synonyms: investigation , exploration , examination , study , researches , inquiry , scrutiny

To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.

Synonyms: investigation , researches , exploration , examination , study , inquiry , scrutiny

• research verb

To make an extensive investigation into.

Synonyms: scrutiny , examination , study , inquiry , investigation , exploration , researches

Complete Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms Rate these synonyms: 3.7 / 3 votes

Synonyms: investigation , inquiry , scrutiny , examination , exploration , learning , lore , discovery , elaboration , elimination

Antonyms: ignorance , superficiality , sciolism , misinvestigation , shallowness , oversight , inobservance

Princeton's WordNet Rate these synonyms: 1.8 / 5 votes

systematic investigation to establish facts

Synonyms: enquiry , inquiry

inquiry, enquiry, research verb

a search for knowledge

"their pottery deserves more research than it has received"

Synonyms: enquiry , inquiry , interrogation , query , question

attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner

"The student researched the history of that word"

Synonyms: search , explore

research, search, explore verb

inquire into

"the students had to research the history of the Second World War for their history project"; "He searched for information on his relatives on the web"; "Scientists are exploring the nature of consciousness"

Synonyms: seek , search , explore , look , look for

Matched Categories

• Investigate
• Investigation

Dictionary of English Synonymes Rate these synonyms: 3.0 / 2 votes

Synonyms: investigation , inquiry , scrutiny , examination , exploration , study , careful search

PPDB, the paraphrase database Rate these paraphrases: 0.0 / 0 votes

List of paraphrases for "research":

search , investigation , study , investigations , recherche , studies , inquiry , searches , searching , researches , investigative , recherches , researching , investigational , researchers , quest , ricerca , r , investigación , studying , finding , investigaciones , forschung , looking , retrieval , fact-finding , researcher , investigatorship , investigate , enquiry , seeking , pursuit , investigating , pesquisa , studied , examine , onderzoek , investigatory , research-based , inquiries

How to pronounce research?

How to say research in sign language, words popularity by usage frequency.

How to use research in a sentence?

Allan Hanson :

Often they will select a sperm donor from the kind of guy that she might have married, a lot of essays assume that the minute you can improve the genetic quality of your child you will do this, that this will become a fertility arms race. I don't find that in the research I've done. I don't see that changing.

Eric Holland :

There is a great need for more research, and there is great enthusiasm across the board to improving on our standard of care.

Jacob Torres :

Understanding how to grow plants to supplement the astronauts diet would be essential to our mission to going to Mars, so that kind of fuels our research that were doing now.

Richard Forno :

Who else is going to do it ? A technology company has the dollars and the people to do research and development and testing.

Without the similar research base that we have in the United States for, say, fusion energy it's unlikely to make meaningful progress, if the Japanese make progress in the next five years people might start to notice and say' Why aren't we doing that here.' Ultimately, he said, space-based solar energy is like most novel ideas.

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50 Useful Academic Words & Phrases for Research

Like all good writing, writing an academic paper takes a certain level of skill to express your ideas and arguments in a way that is natural and that meets a level of academic sophistication. The terms, expressions, and phrases you use in your research paper must be of an appropriate level to be submitted to academic journals.

Therefore, authors need to know which verbs , nouns , and phrases to apply to create a paper that is not only easy to understand, but which conveys an understanding of academic conventions. Using the correct terminology and usage shows journal editors and fellow researchers that you are a competent writer and thinker, while using non-academic language might make them question your writing ability, as well as your critical reasoning skills.

What are academic words and phrases?

One way to understand what constitutes good academic writing is to read a lot of published research to find patterns of usage in different contexts. However, it may take an author countless hours of reading and might not be the most helpful advice when faced with an upcoming deadline on a manuscript draft.

Briefly, “academic” language includes terms, phrases, expressions, transitions, and sometimes symbols and abbreviations that help the pieces of an academic text fit together. When writing an academic text–whether it is a book report, annotated bibliography, research paper, research poster, lab report, research proposal, thesis, or manuscript for publication–authors must follow academic writing conventions. You can often find handy academic writing tips and guidelines by consulting the style manual of the text you are writing (i.e., APA Style , MLA Style , or Chicago Style ).

However, sometimes it can be helpful to have a list of academic words and expressions like the ones in this article to use as a “cheat sheet” for substituting the better term in a given context.

How to Choose the Best Academic Terms

You can think of writing “academically” as writing in a way that conveys one’s meaning effectively but concisely. For instance, while the term “take a look at” is a perfectly fine way to express an action in everyday English, a term like “analyze” would certainly be more suitable in most academic contexts. It takes up fewer words on the page and is used much more often in published academic papers.

You can use one handy guideline when choosing the most academic term: When faced with a choice between two different terms, use the Latinate version of the term. Here is a brief list of common verbs versus their academic counterparts:

Although this can be a useful tip to help academic authors, it can be difficult to memorize dozens of Latinate verbs. Using an AI paraphrasing tool or proofreading tool can help you instantly find more appropriate academic terms, so consider using such revision tools while you draft to improve your writing.

Top 50 Words and Phrases for Different Sections in a Research Paper

The “Latinate verb rule” is just one tool in your arsenal of academic writing, and there are many more out there. But to make the process of finding academic language a bit easier for you, we have compiled a list of 50 vital academic words and phrases, divided into specific categories and use cases, each with an explanation and contextual example.

Best Words and Phrases to use in an Introduction section

1. historically.

An adverb used to indicate a time perspective, especially when describing the background of a given topic.

2. In recent years

A temporal marker emphasizing recent developments, often used at the very beginning of your Introduction section.

3. It is widely acknowledged that

A “form phrase” indicating a broad consensus among researchers and/or the general public. Often used in the literature review section to build upon a foundation of established scientific knowledge.

4. There has been growing interest in

Highlights increasing attention to a topic and tells the reader why your study might be important to this field of research.

5. Preliminary observations indicate

Shares early insights or findings while hedging on making any definitive conclusions. Modal verbs like may , might , and could are often used with this expression.

6. This study aims to

Describes the goal of the research and is a form phrase very often used in the research objective or even the hypothesis of a research paper .

7. Despite its significance

Highlights the importance of a matter that might be overlooked. It is also frequently used in the rationale of the study section to show how your study’s aim and scope build on previous studies.

8. While numerous studies have focused on

Indicates the existing body of work on a topic while pointing to the shortcomings of certain aspects of that research. Helps focus the reader on the question, “What is missing from our knowledge of this topic?” This is often used alongside the statement of the problem in research papers.

9. The purpose of this research is

A form phrase that directly states the aim of the study.

10. The question arises (about/whether)

Poses a query or research problem statement for the reader to acknowledge.

Best Words and Phrases for Clarifying Information

11. in other words.

Introduces a synopsis or the rephrasing of a statement for clarity. This is often used in the Discussion section statement to explain the implications of the study .

12. That is to say

Provides clarification, similar to “in other words.”

13. To put it simply

Simplifies a complex idea, often for a more general readership.

14. To clarify

Specifically indicates to the reader a direct elaboration of a previous point.

15. More specifically

Narrows down a general statement from a broader one. Often used in the Discussion section to clarify the meaning of a specific result.

16. To elaborate

Expands on a point made previously.

17. In detail

Indicates a deeper dive into information.

Points out specifics. Similar meaning to “specifically” or “especially.”

19. This means that

Explains implications and/or interprets the meaning of the Results section .

20. Moreover

Expands a prior point to a broader one that shows the greater context or wider argument.

Best Words and Phrases for Giving Examples

21. for instance.

Provides a specific case that fits into the point being made.

22. As an illustration

Demonstrates a point in full or in part.

23. To illustrate

Shows a clear picture of the point being made.

24. For example

Presents a particular instance. Same meaning as “for instance.”

25. Such as

Lists specifics that comprise a broader category or assertion being made.

26. Including

Offers examples as part of a larger list.

27. Notably

Adverb highlighting an important example. Similar meaning to “especially.”

28. Especially

Adverb that emphasizes a significant instance.

29. In particular

Draws attention to a specific point.

30. To name a few

Indicates examples than previously mentioned are about to be named.

Best Words and Phrases for Comparing and Contrasting

31. however.

Introduces a contrasting idea.

32. On the other hand

Highlights an alternative view or fact.

33. Conversely

Indicates an opposing or reversed idea to the one just mentioned.

34. Similarly

Shows likeness or parallels between two ideas, objects, or situations.

35. Likewise

Indicates agreement with a previous point.

36. In contrast

Draws a distinction between two points.

37. Nevertheless

Introduces a contrasting point, despite what has been said.

38. Whereas

Compares two distinct entities or ideas.

Indicates a contrast between two points.

Signals an unexpected contrast.

Best Words and Phrases to use in a Conclusion section

41. in conclusion.

Signifies the beginning of the closing argument.

42. To sum up

Offers a brief summary.

43. In summary

Signals a concise recap.

44. Ultimately

Reflects the final or main point.

45. Overall

Gives a general concluding statement.

Indicates a resulting conclusion.

Demonstrates a logical conclusion.

48. Therefore

Connects a cause and its effect.

49. It can be concluded that

Clearly states a conclusion derived from the data.

50. Taking everything into consideration

Reflects on all the discussed points before concluding.

Edit Your Research Terms and Phrases Before Submission

Using these phrases in the proper places in your research papers can enhance the clarity, flow, and persuasiveness of your writing, especially in the Introduction section and Discussion section, which together make up the majority of your paper’s text in most academic domains.

However, it's vital to ensure each phrase is contextually appropriate to avoid redundancy or misinterpretation. As mentioned at the top of this article, the best way to do this is to 1) use an AI text editor , free AI paraphrasing tool or AI proofreading tool while you draft to enhance your writing, and 2) consult a professional proofreading service like Wordvice, which has human editors well versed in the terminology and conventions of the specific subject area of your academic documents.

For more detailed information on using AI tools to write a research paper and the best AI tools for research , check out the Wordvice AI Blog .

1. research

Rhymes with research.

• Pronounce Research

How do you spell research? Is it reserach ?

• Research in a sentence
• Quotes about Research

2. research

3. research, 4. research.

noun. ['riːˈsɝːtʃ, ˈriːsɝtʃ'] systematic investigation to establish facts.

• investigating
• market research
• scientific research
• research project
• investigation
• operations research
• divergent thinking

How do you pronounce research?

Pronounce research as ˈrisərʧ.

US - How to pronounce research in American English

UK - How to pronounce research in British English

A common misspelling of research is reserach

Sentences with research

1. Noun, singular or mass Find out who is on the board, and do some background research on them.

Quotes about research

1. I feel blessed to be here representing our country and carrying out th research of scientists around the world... I hope you could feel the positive energy that beamed to the whole planet as we glided over. - Laurel Clark 2. Written in 1895, Alfred Nobel's will endowed prizes for scientific research in chemistry, physics, and medicine. At that time, these fields were narrowly defined, and researchers were often classically trained in only one discipline. In the late 19th century, knowledge of science was not a requisite for success in other walks of life. - Peter Agre 3. Ad agencies do all kinds of market research that ask people what they think they want, and instead, you should be creating things that you want. If you do something and you get it, the rest of the world will get it, too. Trust your own instincts, your own intellect, and your own sense of humor. - George Lois

noun. ['riːˈsɝːtʃ, ˈriːsɝtʃ'] a search for knowledge.

• empirical research
• problem solving
• experimentation
• public opinion poll
• opinion poll
• nature study

verb. ['riːˈsɝːtʃ, ˈriːsɝtʃ'] attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner.

• investigate

verb. ['riːˈsɝːtʃ, ˈriːsɝtʃ'] inquire into.

• cast around

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adjective as in investigated

Strong matches

• scrutinized
• cross-examined

Discover More

Example sentences.

Nelson wrote a paper at Dartmouth on Standard Oil, which was about as defensive and as deeply researched as you would expect.

“Each room has a well-researched story behind it,” Harlacher, a native New Yorker, said.

They choose herbal remedies instead of well-researched medications and operations to treat serious illnesses like cancer.

Wall Street Journal: “[D]eeply researched and totally absorbing[.]”

Newsday: “Thoroughly researched, written with intelligence, sympathy and grace, it is a model of first-rate literary biography.”

As it was, Brennan was unsure of his legal rights, and he could not plan until he had researched the problem most thoroughly.

We had our antiquarian papers of lore and researched history in exercise-books, rolled up and tied with string.

Dagobert searched and researched every article—peeped into all the corners of the portmanteau—still nothing!

Sequential Problem Solving is about finding alternative solutions to problems and executing well researched plans.

He never researched, never revised, never even glanced at the copy.

Related Words

Words related to researched are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word researched . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

adjective as in examined

On this page you'll find 16 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to researched, such as: checked, considered, explored, inspected, measured, and null.

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

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Synonyms for “Research”

Meaning of “Research”

“Research” is a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It’s a rigorous process often associated with academia, science, and many professional fields. This post will explore various synonyms for “research” that can broaden your academic writing and everyday conversation. Each term will be accompanied by a definition and an example sentence to support understanding and practical usage.

General Synonyms for “Research”

• Investigate

Synonyms for “Research” in Academic Writing

In academic writing, research often implies a deeper, more specific kind of exploration or investigation. Here are some alternatives to “research” that are particularly suited to academic contexts:

Synonyms, Definitions, and Examples

Let’s take a closer look at these academically-oriented synonyms for “research”, including their definitions and examples:

“Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.” – Zora Neale Hurston

Familiarizing yourself with these various ways to say “research” can greatly enhance your vocabulary, both in academic writing and general communication. Context is key, so make sure to choose your words wisely. Happy researching! 📚

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Synonyms for Research

Nouns  - 435.

Research synonyms

What is another word for research .

• investigation inquiry, event
• inquiry investigation, event
• explore investigate, examine
• probe investigate, examine
• study investigate, investigation
• exploration investigation, study
• examine investigate
• investigate examine
• search event, hunt
• examination investigation, inquiry
• scrutiny investigation, study
• analysis study, examination
• scrutinize investigate, examine
• inquest inquiry, examination
• look into examine
• experiment experimentation
• inquisition inquiry, examination
• survey study
• experimentation examination, experiments
• check examination, scrutiny
• inspection inquiry
• fact-finding
• inquire into
• delve into study

Synonyms of researches

• as in investigations
• as in explores
• More from M-W
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Thesaurus Definition of researches

 (Entry 1 of 2)

Synonyms & Similar Words

• investigations
• examinations
• explorations
• disquisitions
• inspections
• inquisitions
• questionnaires
• interrogations
• reinvestigations
• questionaries
• cross - examinations
• goings - over
• self - reflections
• self - examinations
• soul - searchings
• self - explorations
• self - questionings
• self - scrutinies

Thesaurus Definition of researches  (Entry 2 of 2)

• investigates
• looks (into)
• delves (into)
• digs (into)
• inquires (into)
• checks up on
• checks into
• skims (through)
• thumbs (through)
• reinvestigates

Thesaurus Entries Near researches

researchers

researching

Cite this Entry

“Researches.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/researches. Accessed 28 Jun. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on researches

Nglish: Translation of researches for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of researches for Arabic Speakers

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Spreading the word about virology research in an age of misinformation

Ohio state hosts annual meeting of virologists from 50 countries.

The American Society for Virology ’s 43rd annual meeting hosted by The Ohio State University this week features some firsts for the organization: It is the largest meeting ever, attracting over 2,000 attendees from 50 countries, and the keynote speaker was a social scientist – rather than a specialist in a biological or medical field.  

Adam Berinsky , the Mitsui Professor of Political Science at MIT, opened the meeting Monday night with a lecture about misinformation – and ways to combat it. He has studied the problem in the context of politics, but the work is easily adapted to virology in an age of heightened anti-science sentiment and lack of trust in experts of all kinds. 

ASV President Anne Moscona, who selected the keynote speaker, urged audience members to consider working alongside Berinsky to address misinformation that casts doubt on scientific evidence, which she called “a problem so worrisome to our community.” 

Ohio State expertise  

Shan-Lu Liu , a virology professor at Ohio State and co-director of the Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program of the Infectious Diseases Institute , chaired the meeting’s organizing committee. Liu, a longtime HIV researcher who more recently has led numerous studies of SARS-CoV-2 variants’ immune evasion, transmissibility and infectivity, has been named president-elect of ASV at this year’s meeting and will become president of the society in 2025. 

The conference blends symposium presentations by leaders in a range of virology disciplines with poster sessions and dozens of trainee workshops on science, career development and communication. 

Linda Saif , Distinguished University Professor in Ohio State’s  Center for Food Animal Health with faculty appointments in animal sciences and veterinary preventive medicine, opened Wednesday morning’s symposium with detailed documentation of coronaviruses’ ability to spill over from animals to humans – which has been happening for centuries. An international expert on coronaviruses, Saif described the wily strains as diverse infectious agents that are skilled at accommodating change thanks their large RNA genome. 

Like the coronavirus that leapt from wild animals to cattle and from cattle to poultry that Saif’s lab was the first to document in 1995, the virus that causes COVID-19 is known to infect mink, hamsters, cats and white-tailed deer. She’s among a team of researchers who found that white-tailed deer were infected by humans with SARS-CoV-2 across Ohio and that the animals function as reservoirs promoting ongoing viral mutation. 

“If we end up with a wildlife reservoir, will it persist, adapt and mutate in wildlife with new variants going back to humans, livestock or other animals?” Saif said. “The concern is, will we end up with a scenario with SARS-CoV-2 where we have two-way transmission to wildlife species and back into humans?” 

The World Health Organization has predicted the next pandemic will be caused by what it calls “Disease X” – and some coronaviruses currently circulating in animals are potential candidates, she said. 

The studies detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio deer were co-led by Andrew Bowman , professor of veterinary preventive medicine at Ohio State, who presented an update on that research program at the meeting. Bowman has also led influenza surveillance at the swine-human interface in commercial settings and agricultural fairs for years, and recently made news by finding H5N1 (bird flu) viral RNA in over a third of commercial milk products he and a graduate student bought in the Midwest based on a hunch that viruses detected in dairy cows were making their way to grocery stores. 

The annual conference presents “an important opportunity to educate the public about virology research,” said Liu, also associate director of the Center for Retrovirus Research and professor of veterinary biosciences . “And we expect that attendees will also benefit from Adam Berinsky’s insights about the general phenomenon of misinformation.” 

Fighting misinformation  

Misinformation that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown – conspiracy theories that the illness’ severity was exaggerated or that the virus was deliberately released for sinister reasons – persists to this day. Berinsky, who has extensively studied Americans’ beliefs in false political rumors (such as claims Barack Obama wasn’t born in the United States), has found that rumors are “sticky” – countering them is not just about sharing the facts, but requires a messenger that people will be willing to trust. 

His research has found that about 70% of people will endorse at least one false rumor when given a list to choose from and only 30% of people reject them all, and that misinformation correction should focus primarily on reaching the undecideds – people who aren’t sure about what’s true. His work has also shown that correcting misinformation is not a “one-and-done” endeavor – it requires repeated messaging as well as a series of strategies targeting people who share fake information online. 

Working with Facebook and Google, Berinsky and colleagues advanced interventions encouraging people through “accuracy nudges” to think before they share information – advising users to evaluate information before sharing it and investigate its sources – or even asking them how important it is to them to share only accurate information. 

“Most people don’t want to share bad information,” he said. “We want to remind them of this.” 

They found in experiments that at the individual level, these nudges turned the knob toward more sharing of true information. Though the prompts won’t stop people who are posting lies maliciously, the added “friction” makes it a little more difficult for casual users to do an easy thing that has negative effects. 

A megastudy of nine of interventions designed to reduce online sharing of misinformation revealed that all of them work – but each one’s effect is relatively small, on the order of 2 to 3 percentage points. Hence, the frame of mind in combating misinformation should not be a search for a single solution, but deployment of the best bundle of solutions depending on the context. 

“There’s been this long search for a magic bullet. It doesn’t exist,” Berinsky said. “But don’t give up on the enterprise.”

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New research may help explain recurrent Crohn's disease in children

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Remarkable new research by a University of Virginia undergraduate may help explain recurrent Crohn's disease in children and open the door to new ways to treat or even cure the devastating condition.

Crohn's is a debilitating – and possibly life-threatening – inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain , weakness, fatigue and malnutrition caused by the body's inability to absorb nutrients. It's most common in adults but afflicts tens of thousands of children in the United States alone. Many of those kids struggle to go to school and find their lives and childhoods greatly disrupted. These children can suffer stunted growth and delayed puberty and may need to have sections of their bowels surgically removed.

UVA's new research suggests answers to why children with relapsing Crohn's endure repeated bouts even after appearing to recover. Working under the guidance of the UVA School of Medicine's Chelsea Marie, PhD, undergrad Rebecca Pierce found that children with relapsing Crohn's had a persistent disruption of their microbiomes – the collection of microorganisms that lives in our guts – even after inflammation was successfully controlled by treatment. 

The relationship between dysbiosis and inflammation is a long-standing question in Crohn's disease. Rebecca leveraged a pediatric cohort at UVA to show dysbiosis was present even when gut inflammation was controlled. Our study suggests that persistent microbial imbalances might be an important factor in the disease course in children."  Chelsea Marie, of UVA's Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health

That insight could be key to helping doctors develop better ways to treat or possible even cure Crohn's, said Ning-Jiun "Ninj" Jan, PhD, a senior scientist in Marie's lab who helped mentor Pierce. "Currently, the main goal of most Crohn's disease treatments is to manage symptoms. This usually means taking different drugs to address inflammation and encourage healing," Jan said. "However, these are not cures, meaning these drugs need to be taken continuously to prevent relapse. Our study found that though the symptoms have been alleviated the bacterial composition in their guts did not return to normal, which may be why these patients relapse."

Crohn's disease in children

Because Crohn's is most common in adults, most research has focused on adult patients. But UVA's new findings shed important light on Crohn's in children.

The researchers hypothesized that kids who suffer relapsing Crohn's had persistent inflammation, along with changes in the composition of the bacteria and other microbes in their guts. Scientists have increasingly come to appreciate the importance of these microbes in maintaining good health, and disruptions of the microbiome is increasingly suspected as a major contributor to disease.

Pierce, now a medical student at Georgetown University, and her collaborators compared biopsy samples collected from the intestines of children with Crohn's who had gone into remission with samples collected from a control group of children with no signs of Crohn's. The researchers found some big differences, with the children with Crohn's showing significant decreases in bacteria such as  Streptococcus  and increases in others, such as  Oribacterium . ( Oribacterium  has previously been linked to gut microbiome disruptions.) Further, they observed notable changes in immune cells, such as an increase in the numbers of CD4+ T cells, which play an important role in inflammation.

Perhaps counterintuitively, the children with Crohn's also had stronger barriers of epithelial cells lining their intestines. This suggests that existing Crohn's treatments are effective but not fully addressing the underlying issues that drive the disease, the researchers say.

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"Even in our cohort of pediatric Crohn's patients in remission, we detected persistent microbial imbalances and subtle inflammatory changes," Pierce said. "Current therapeutics have focused on treating clinical symptoms which can leave patients vulnerable to relapse. Our work suggests that incorporating therapies that target the root causes of dysbiosis could lead to improved treatments with fewer relapses." 

That could lead to new and better Crohn's treatments for both children and adults, the researchers note. For example, doctors might seek to restore balance to the microbiome by using fecal transplants or by administering tailored cocktails of healthy microbes to replace those that have been lost. 

"Our study suggests that returning the bacterial composition to normal might help prevent these patients from relapsing and possibly cure them of Crohn's disease," Jan said.

Marie noted that the new findings were made possible by the culture of collaboration at UVA.

"Clinical research is key for improving child health," Marie said. "Rebecca's work brought together experts in infectious disease, pediatric gastroenterology and bioinformatics to address a disease in our pediatric patients at UVA. We are excited to continue this model of collaboration." 

Understanding the microbiome to prevent, treat and cure disease is a priority of UVA's TransUniversity Microbiome Initiative (TUMI), which brings together researchers from across the university to advance this cutting-edge field of biomedical research.

Findings published

Marie and her team have published their Crohn's findings in the Nature journal Scientific Reports . The article is open access, meaning it is free to read. The research team consisted of Pierce, Jan, Pankaj Kumar, Jeremy Middleton, William A. Petri and Marie. Petri is a consultant for TECHLAB Inc., while Marie is a consultant for Merck Inc.

The research was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, award OP1136759.

University of Virginia Health System

Pierce, R., et al. (2024). Persistent dysbiosis of duodenal microbiota in patients with controlled pediatric Crohn’s disease after resolution of inflammation.  Scientific Reports . doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63299-y .

Posted in: Child Health News | Medical Research News | Medical Condition News

Tags: Abdominal Pain , Bacteria , Bioinformatics , Biopsy , CD4 , Child Health , Children , Crohn's Disease , Drugs , Dysbiosis , Fatigue , Gastroenterology , Infectious Diseases , Inflammation , Malnutrition , Medical Research , Medicine , Microbiome , Nutrients , Pain , Puberty , Research , Stunted Growth , Therapeutics

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Distinguished Prof makes real-word impact through interdisciplinary research

Tuesday, June 25, 2024 | by Gillian Minaker

Brock University’s Distinguished Professor designation is a lifetime appointment recognizing outstanding achievement in each recipient’s academic discipline. This is the first in a series of articles highlighting this year’s recipients. Read more about the award and its recipients on The Brock News .

Affecting positive change in the public policy domain is what drives Faculty of Education Distinguished Professor Louis Volante.

Volante was among 10 professors recently awarded the new honorary title of Distinguished Professor by Brock’s Office of the President. The lifetime appointment recognizes outstanding achievement in the recipient’s academic discipline.

Having worked with more than 150 academics in more than 25 countries across the globe, in addition to publishing seven books profiling more than 30 education systems, collaboration is woven into every facet of Volante’s work.

While the Distinguished Professor designation is an individual honour, Volante said he shares the recognition with many collaborators, from Brock and beyond, who also value synergistic global partnerships that create pathways for new ways of thinking and doing.

“Ultimately, our collective research efforts are meant to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based policies that promote student learning and achievement,” he said.

A policy analyst at heart, Volante’s scholarship, which focuses on the global governance of education, politics, policy, and large-scale reform, has been picked up by many worldwide governing bodies, including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, UNESCO, World Bank and the European Commission (EU).

Interdisciplinary at its core, Volante’s research intersects with fields like statistics, political science, psychology, sociology and economics.

Volante’s current work is tackling the impact of the pandemic on social inequality and student learning outcomes, both in the cognitive and non-cognitive domain. This builds on momentum propelled by three Insight Grants with Volante as Principal Investigator that were supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada — funded by the Government of Canada — with the last two resulting in 10 consecutive years of funding.

Working closely with various international colleagues, he recently published an edited volume that examined the impact of the pandemic on socioeconomically disadvantaged student populations ( The pandemic, socioeconomic disadvantage, and learning outcomes — Publications Office of the EU ) and is currently working on another book project that considers the long-term impact of the pandemic on academic resilience.

Volante is also a two-time recipient of the prestigious R.W.B. Jackson Award — the only Canadian scholar to win the award multiple times as a first author. The honour is presented to most outstanding English language article in each volume of the Canadian Journal of Education.

Passionate about creating real-world change by harnessing the power of academia, Volante goes beyond pen and paper through his many public media appearances on PBS Newshour and CBC’s The National among other national and provincial news organizations.

“I think it is important for professors to assume an active role as public intellectuals and share their expertise, where appropriate, on important issues that impact our communities locally and globally,” he said. “Being a public-facing academic helps to spread awareness of how research can inform political debate, so that evidence, not divisive rhetoric, drives our public policies.”

Dean of Education Mary-Louise Vanderlee said that in addition to engaging in public-facing scholarly work, Volante continues to mentor graduate students at Brock and beyond.

“Dr. Volante aptly demystifies the complexities of the field of educational studies and learner outcomes while being aware of the groundbreaking international research enabling the focus on cautions and possibilities, where both tensions and possibilities coexist,” she said.

Read more stories in: Digital Displays , Education , Faculty & staff , News Tagged with: Distinguished Professor designation , education , educational studies , faculty of education , Louis Volante

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Assessing the Emergence and Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Research in Neuroradiology

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This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has been growing in neuroradiology, but there is limited knowledge on how this interest has manifested into research and specifically, its qualities and characteristics. This study aims to characterize the emergence and evolution of AI/ML articles within neuroradiology and provide a comprehensive overview of the trends, challenges, and future directions of the field.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a bibliometric analysis of the American Journal of Neuroradiology ; the journal was queried for original research articles published since inception (January 1, 1980) to December 3, 2022 that contained any of the following key terms: “machine learning,” “artificial intelligence,” “radiomics,” “deep learning,” “neural network,” “generative adversarial network,” “object detection,” or “natural language processing.” Articles were screened by 2 independent reviewers, and categorized into statistical modeling (type 1), AI/ML development (type 2), both representing developmental research work but without a direct clinical integration, or end-user application (type 3), which is the closest surrogate of potential AI/ML integration into day-to-day practice. To better understand the limiting factors to type 3 articles being published, we analyzed type 2 articles as they should represent the precursor work leading to type 3.

RESULTS: A total of 182 articles were identified with 79% being nonintegration focused (type 1 n = 53, type 2 n = 90) and 21% ( n = 39) being type 3. The total number of articles published grew roughly 5-fold in the last 5 years, with the nonintegration focused articles mainly driving this growth. Additionally, a minority of type 2 articles addressed bias (22%) and explainability (16%). These articles were primarily led by radiologists (63%), with most (60%) having additional postgraduate degrees.

CONCLUSIONS: AI/ML publications have been rapidly increasing in neuroradiology with only a minority of this growth being attributable to end-user application. Areas identified for improvement include enhancing the quality of type 2 articles, namely external validation, and addressing both bias and explainability. These results ultimately provide authors, editors, clinicians, and policymakers important insights to promote a shift toward integrating practical AI/ML solutions in neuroradiology.

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Alexandre Boutet and Samuel S. Haile are co-first authors that contributed equally.

Farzad Khalvati and Birgit B. Ertl-Wagner are co-supervisors of this article.

Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text and PDF of this article at www.ajnr.org .

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Population History and Admixture of the Fulani People from the Sahel

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The Fulani people, one of the most important pastoralist groups in sub-Saharan Africa, are still largely underrepresented in population genomic research. They speak a Niger-Congo language called Fulfulde or Pulaar and live in scattered locations across the Sahel/Savannah Belt, from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad. According to historical records, their ancestors spread from Futa Toro in the Middle Senegal Valley to Futa-Jallon in Guinea, and then eastward into the Sahel belt over the past 1500 years. However, the earlier history of this traditionally pastoral population has not been well studied. To uncover the genetic structure and ancestry of this widespread population, we gathered genome-wide genotype data from 460 individuals across 18 local Fulani populations, along with comparative data from both modern and ancient worldwide populations. This represents the most geographically wide-scaled genome-wide study of the Fulani to date. We revealed a genetic component closely associated with all local Fulani populations, suggesting a shared ancestral component possibly linked to the beginning of African pastoralism in the Green Sahara. Comparison to ancient DNA results also identified the presence of an ancient Iberomaurusian associated component across all Fulani groups, providing novel insights into their deep genetic history. Additionally, our genetic data indicate a later Fulani expansion from the western to the eastern Sahel, characterized by a clinal pattern and admixture with several other African populations north of the equator.

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