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CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics: One of the best teaching strategies employed in most classrooms today is Worksheets. CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheet for students has been used by teachers & students to develop logical, lingual, analytical, and problem-solving capabilities. So in order to help you with that, we at WorksheetsBuddy have come up with Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 Physics Worksheets for the students of Class 10. All our CBSE NCERT Class 10 Physics practice worksheets are designed for helping students to understand various topics, practice skills and improve their subject knowledge which in turn helps students to improve their academic performance. These chapter wise test papers for Class 10 Physics will be useful to test your conceptual understanding.

Board: Central Board of Secondary Education(www.cbse.nic.in) Subject: Class 10 Physics Number of Worksheets: 14

CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheets PDF

All the CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics provided in this page are provided for free which can be downloaded by students, teachers as well as by parents. We have covered all the Class 10 Physics important questions and answers in the worksheets which are included in CBSE NCERT Syllabus. Just click on the following link and download the CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheet. CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics can also use like assignments for Class 10 Physics students.

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Electricity Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Human Eye Colorful World Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Reflection Refraction of Light Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 6
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 7
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 8
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 9
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Physics Assignment 10

Advantages of CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheets

• By practising NCERT CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheet , students can improve their problem solving skills.
• Helps to develop the subject knowledge in a simple, fun and interactive way.
• No need for tuition or attend extra classes if students practise on worksheets daily.
• Working on CBSE worksheets are time-saving.
• Helps students to promote hands-on learning.
• One of the helpful resources used in classroom revision.
• CBSE Class 10 Physics Workbook Helps to improve subject-knowledge.
• CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheets encourages classroom activities.

Worksheets of CBSE Class 10 Physics are devised by experts of WorksheetsBuddy experts who have great experience and expertise in teaching Maths. So practising these worksheets will promote students problem-solving skills and subject knowledge in an interactive method. Students can also download CBSE Class 10 Physics Chapter wise question bank pdf and access it anytime, anywhere for free. Browse further to download free CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheets PDF .

Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheet and we hope this detailed article is helpful. So Students who are preparing for the exams must need to have great solving skills. And in order to have these skills, one must practice enough of Class 10 Physics revision worksheets . And more importantly, students should need to follow through the worksheets after completing their syllabus.  Working on CBSE Class 10 Physics Worksheets will be a great help to secure good marks in the examination. So start working on Class 10 Physics Worksheets to secure good score.

CBSE Worksheets For Class 10

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• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10
• NCERT Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science

Ncert solutions for class 10 science updated for 2023-24 free pdf.

NCERT Solutions Science Class 10 contains very important information that helps the students understand the complex topics and helps them in preparation for the Class 10 board examination. Studying the answers to the questions in the textbook will ensure your understanding of a particular topic and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are prepared by our subject experts in such a way that the students understand all the topics covered in the syllabus of CBSE 10 Science quite effectively.

Access NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science all chapters in PDF

The following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook 2023-24. Periodic Classification Of Elements Sources of Energy Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

The Solutions of NCERT Books also helps students to understand the topic thoroughly, which is very important not just from the point of view of the Class 10 examination. Better understanding lays a great foundation for their future studies. Quite often,  questions from textbooks are also asked in competitive examinations. We have covered both in-text and exercise questions in detail.

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Book All Chapters Brief:

Chapter 1 – chemical reactions and equations.

The first chapter of Class 10 NCERT Science will teach the students about chemical reactions and how to write equations, how to conduct combination and decomposition reactions and more. In the previous classes, we have learned about physical and chemical changes in matter. Whenever a chemical change occurs, we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place. A complete chemical reaction represents the reactants, products and their physical states symbolically. Students will also study how to write a chemical reaction , which is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. The chapter also explains how various chemical equations can be balanced in different states.

The next subtopic teaches various chemical reactions such as Combination Reaction, Decomposition reaction, Displacement Reaction, and Double Displacement Reaction along with various examples and chemical reactions. On the basis of energy, exothermic and endothermic reactions are explained. Exothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat is given out along with the products, and endothermic reactions are those reactions in which energy is absorbed. Then redox reaction is explained, which is a combination of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. The chapter explains all types of reactions with suitable examples with their respective chemical equations.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations :

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Science Notes For Class 10 Chapter 1
• Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations

Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 is all about acids, bases and salts . In previous classes, students have learned that the sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases, respectively, present in them. We all know that acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red, whereas, bases are bitter and change the colour of the red litmus to blue. In this chapter, we will study the reactions of acids and bases, how acids and bases cancel out each other’s effects and many more interesting things that we use in our day-to-day life. Students will get to understand the chemical properties of acids and bases, how acids and bases react with metals, how  metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates react with acids, how acids and bases react with each other, reaction of metallic oxides with acids and reaction of a non-metallic oxide with base explained with suitable examples and various chemical reactions.

The chapter then explains what all acids and bases have in common with a suitable example which gives the conclusion that acid solution in water conducts electricity. Students get to learn various experiments on what happens to acid or a base in a water solution and how strong are acid or base solutions by making use of universal indication. Along with it, students will get to learn about the importance of pH in everyday life. The chapter ends with a detailed explanation of salt preparation, properties and its uses.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts :

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts at BYJU’S:

• Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Chapter 2 Notes
• Chapter 2 -Acids, Bases and Salts
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 2 – Acids Bases And Salts

Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

In previous classes, students must have learned about various elements that can be classified as metals or non-metals on the basis of their properties. Here in Chapter 3 of Class 10 Science, students will learn about the physical properties of metals and non-metals . Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solid at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. The physical properties of metals are explained on various parameters such as ductility, malleability, tensile nature, strength, etc. On the basis of physical properties, metals and non-metals are differentiated. Some of the examples of non-metals are carbon, sulphur, iodine, oxygen, hydrogen, etc. The non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid. Under the subtopic chemical properties of metals, chemical reactions are discussed with oxygen gas, water, acids and other metal salts. The reactions and conditions depend on the reactivity series. The reactivity series tops potassium as the most reactive and gold as the least reactive.

The compounds formed in this manner by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds. Some of the general properties for ionic compounds are physical nature, melting and boiling points, solubility and conduction of electricity. Metal is extracted from its ore and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. Metals are refined by using the method of electrolytic refining. The end topic explains corrosion and how it can be prevented.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals :

Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 3 – Metals And Non Metals

Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

In the previous chapter, we discussed compounds of importance to us. In this chapter, we will study some more interesting compounds and their properties. Also, we shall be learning about carbon, an element which is of immense significance to us in both its elemental form and in the combined form. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all living organisms and many of the things we use. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms so that both can achieve a completely filled outermost shell. Carbon forms covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. Organic compounds are categorized into saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds. Saturated compounds are compounds with only a single bond. Unsaturated carbon compounds are compounds with a double or triple bond. The saturated compounds of carbon and hydrogen are methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane.

The chapter also explains some of the chemical properties of carbon and its compounds such as combustion, oxidation, addition reaction, substitution reaction. Ethanol and ethanoic acid are carbon compounds of importance in our daily lives. Soap and detergents are studied with their chemical structures and properties and their difference is also discussed. Detergents are usually used to make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds :

Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 4 – Carbon And Its Compounds

Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements

In Standard 9 we have learned that matter around us is present in the form of elements, compounds and mixtures, and the elements contain atoms of only one type. The early attempts at the classification of elements resulted in grouping the then-known elements as metals and non-metals. Dobereiner grouped the elements into triads and Newlands gave the Law of Octaves. Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses and according to their chemical properties. He even predicted the existence of some yet-to-be-discovered elements on the basis of gaps in his Periodic table. The modern periodic table came into existence. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was modified, and the atomic number was adopted as the basis of the Modern Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Law can be stated as follows: ‘Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number’.

In this chapter, Periodic Classification of Elements, elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged in 18 vertical columns called groups and 7 horizontal rows called periods. Elements thus arranged show periodicity of properties including atomic size, valency or combining capacity and metallic and non-metallic character. The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. The term atomic size refers to the radius of an atom.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification Of Elements

Chapter 6 – Life Processes

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 6 explains Life Processes . There are six life processes that all living organisms perform. They are movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition. The chapter also teaches about nutrition which means the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion. Nutrition is further divided into Autotrophic Nutrition and Heterotrophic Nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of simple inorganic materials from the environment and using an external energy source like the Sun to synthesize complex high-energy organic material. Heterotrophic nutrition involves the intake of complex material prepared by other organisms. Different types of heterotrophic nutrition are parasitic nutrition, saprophytic nutrition and holozoic nutrition. The next topic is nutrition in human beings. The various steps of nutrition are ingestion, digestion, Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, bile, absorption, assimilation and egestion. The next subtopic is respiration in which the human respiratory system is explained beautifully. The different elements of the human respiratory system are lungs, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, etc. During the process of respiration, organic compounds such as glucose are broken down to provide energy in the form of ATP. ATP is used to provide energy for other reactions in the cell.

Respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic respiration makes more energy available to the organism. For plants, the soil is the nearest and richest source of raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals. In human beings, the transport of materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, food and excretory products is a function of the circulatory system. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels. In highly differentiated plants, transport of water, minerals, food and other materials is a function of the vascular tissue which consists of xylem and phloem. In human beings, excretory products in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds are removed by the nephrons in the kidneys. Plants use a variety of techniques to get rid of waste material.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes :

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Also access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 6 Life Processes at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 6 – Life Processes

Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

Chapter 7 of Class 10 teaches about control and coordination , which are the functions of the nervous system and hormones in our bodies. The responses of the nervous system can be classified as a reflex action, voluntary action or involuntary action. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages. It gets information from our sense organs and acts through our muscles. Chemical coordination is seen in both plants and animals. Hormones produced in one part of an organism move to another part to achieve the desired effect. A feedback mechanism regulates the action of the hormones.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination :

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 7 – Control And Coordination

Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce

Unlike other life processes, reproduction is not essential to maintain the life of an individual organism. How do Organisms Reproduce chapter involves the creation of a DNA copy and additional cellular apparatus by the cell involved in the process. Depending on their body design, various organisms use different modes of reproduction. In fission, many bacteria and protozoa simply divide into two or more daughter cells. Organisms such as hydra can regenerate if they are broken into pieces. They can also give out buds which mature into new individuals. Roots, stems and leaves of some plants develop into new plants through vegetative propagation. These are examples of asexual reproduction where new generations are created from a single individual. Sexual reproduction involves two individuals for the creation of a new individual. DNA copying mechanisms create variations which are useful for ensuring the survival of the species. Modes of sexual reproduction allow for greater variation to be generated.

Reproduction in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma which is referred to as pollination. This is followed by fertilisation. Changes in the body during puberty, such as an increase in breast size in girls and new facial hair growth in boys, are signs of sexual maturation. The male reproductive system in human beings consists of testes which produce sperms, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra and penis. The female reproductive system in human beings consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Sexual reproduction in human beings involves the introduction of sperm in the vagina of the female. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube. Contraception to avoid pregnancy can be achieved by the use of condoms, oral pills, copper -T and other methods.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce :

Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce Notes
• Chapter 8 -How do Organisms Reproduce?
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 8 – How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

In this chapter, we will learn about Heredity and Evolution . We have seen that reproductive processes give rise to new individuals that are similar, but subtly different. We have discussed how some amount of variation is produced even during asexual reproduction. The Rules for the Inheritance of Traits in human beings relate to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child. This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA. Sex can be determined by different factors in various species. Changes in the non-reproductive tissues caused by environmental factors are not inheritable. Speciation may take place when the variation is combined with geographical isolation. Evolutionary relationships are traced in the classification of organisms. Tracing common ancestors back in time leads us to the idea that at some point in time, non-living material must have given rise to life.

Evolution can be worked out by the study of not just living species, but also fossils. Complex organs may have evolved because of the survival advantage of even the intermediate stages. Organs or features may be adapted to new functions during the course of evolution. Evolution cannot be said to progress from lower forms to higher forms. Rather, evolution seems to have given rise to more complex body designs even while the simpler body designs continue to flourish. Study of the evolution of human beings indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa and spread across the world in stages.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution :

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution – Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction: (topics excluded – evolution; evolution and classification and evolution should not be equated with progress).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction

In  NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 10, we will study the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light using the straight-line propagation of light. These basic concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and refraction of light and their application in real life. Light is a source of energy which generates a sensation of vision in human beings. Light seems to travel in straight lines. The different types of a spherical mirror, convex and concave are taught. The various terms related to spherical mirrors like the centre of curvature, the radius of curvature, etc., focus, pole, etc. are discussed with ray diagrams. Uses of a spherical mirror are also discussed in this chapter. Mirror formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and focal length of a spherical mirror. The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.

Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light rays toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The phenomena of refraction can be understood easily by the concepts of the refractive index and optical density. The refractive index of a transparent medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in the medium. In case of a rectangular glass slab, the refraction takes place at both the air-glass interface and glass-air interface. The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray. Lens formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and the focal length of a spherical lens. Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length. The SI unit of power of a lens is dioptre.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction :

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light – Reflection and Refraction Notes
• Chapter 10 -Light: Reflection and Refraction
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 10 – Light Reflection And Refraction

Chapter 11 – The Human Eye and Colorful World

In the previous chapter, we learnt about light and some of its properties. In this chapter, we will study some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the rainbow formation, splitting of white light and blue colour of the sky. The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs. It enables us to see the wonderful world and the colours around us. The ability of the eye to focus on both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye. The smallest distance, at which the eye can see objects clearly without strain, is called the near point of the eye or the least distance of distinct vision. For a young adult with normal vision, it is about 25cm. The common refractive defects of vision include myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia. Myopia, short-sightedness-the image of distant objects is focused before the retina is corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power. Hypermetropia (far-sightedness-the image of nearby objects is focussed beyond the retina) is corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power. The eye loses its power of accommodation at old age. The splitting of white light into its component colours is called dispersion. Scattering of light causes the blue colour of the sky and the reddening of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World :

Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 11 – Human Eye And Colourful World

Chapter 12 – Electricity

Electricity has an important place in modern society. It is a controllable and convenient form of energy for a variety of uses in homes, schools, hospitals, industries and so on. It is a phenomenon related to the flow of charge. A stream of electrons moving through a conductor constitutes an electric current. Conventionally, the direction of current is taken opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. The SI unit of electric current is ampere. To set the electrons in motion in an electric circuit, we use a cell or a battery. A cell generates a potential difference across its terminals. It is measured in volts (V). Resistance is a property that resists the flow of electrons in a conductor. It controls the magnitude of the current. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm. Ohm’s law: the potential difference across the ends of a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it, provided its temperature remains the same. The resistance of a conductor depends directly on its length, inversely on its areas of cross-section, and also on the material of the conductor. The equivalent resistance of several resistors in series is equal to the sum of their individual resistances. The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor is given by W=V x I x t. The unit of power is watt (W). One watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V. The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh). 1kW h = 3,6000,000 J = 3.6 x 10 6 J.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity :

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 12 Electricity at BYJU’S:

• Electricity Class 10 Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 12 – Electricity

Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

In this chapter, students will study magnetic fields and such electromagnetic effects, along with electromagnets and electric motors, which involve the magnetic effect of electric current, and electric generators, which involve the electric effect of moving magnets. A compass needle is a small magnet. Its one end, which points towards the north, is called a north pole, and the other hand, which points towards the south, is called a south pole. A magnetic field exists in the region surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet can be detected. Field lines are used to represent a magnetic field. A field line is a path along which a hypothetical free north pole would tend to move. The direction of the magnetic field at a point is given by the direction that a north pole placed at that point would take. Field lines are shown closer together where the magnetic field is greater. A metallic wire carrying an electric current has associated with it a magnetic field. The field lines about the wire consist of a series of concentric circles whose direction is given by the right-hand rule. The pattern of the magnetic field around a conductor due to an electric current flowing through it depends on the shape of the conductor. The magnetic field of a solenoid carrying a current is similar to that of a bar magnet. An electromagnet consists of a core of soft iron wrapped around a coil of insulated copper wire. A current-carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force. If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. This is the basis of an electric motor. An electric motor is a device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current in a coil placed in a region where the magnetic field changes with time. The magnetic field may change due to relative motion between the coil and a magnet placed near to the coil. If the coil is placed near a current-carrying conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and the conductor. The direction of the induced current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the basis of electromagnetic induction. There are 2 types of generator AC and DC generator. Fuse is the most important safety device, used for protecting the circuits due to short-circuiting or overloading of the circuits.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current:

Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current

Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy

Our energy requirements increase with our standard of living. In order to fulfil our energy requirements, we try to improve the efficiency of energy usage and also try and exploit new sources of energy. The chapter discusses different sources of energy, and they are conventional sources of energy, which we keep on using for many years. It includes fossil fuels, thermal power plants and hydropower plants. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. After those improvements in the technology for using conventional sources of energy is also discussed such as Biomass and wind energy. Next, students will study the topic of alternative or non-conventional energy resources. It includes solar energy, in which energy is generated through the solar cell and solar panel. Energy can be generated from the sea, such as Tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy. Energy can also be generated from the earth’s crust, known as geothermal energy . Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. The energy source we select would depend on factors like the ease and cost of extracting energy from the source, the efficiency of the technology available for using that source of energy and the environmental impact of using that source. Many of the sources ultimately derive their energy from the Sun. All the topics are explained with the advantages and disadvantages of it.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 14 Sources of Energy at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 14 – Sources Of Energy

Chapter 15 – Our Environment

This chapter discusses how various components in the environment interact with each other and how we impact the environment. The various components of an ecosystem are interdependent. The producers make the energy from sunlight available to the rest of the ecosystem. There is a loss of energy as we go from one trophic level to the next, this limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain. The food-chain is explained in detail with examples according to nature, such as in the forest, in grassland and in the pond. Human activities have an impact on the environment. The use of chemicals like CFCs has endangered the ozone layer. Since the ozone layer protects against the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, this could damage the environment. The waste we generate may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable . The disposal of the waste we generate is causing serious environmental problems.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment :

Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 – Our Environment
• Chapter 15 -Our Environment
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 15 – Our Environment

Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

In the previous class, we have learned about some natural resources like soil, air and water and how various components are cycled over and over again in nature. In this chapter, we will look at some of our resources and how we are using them. Our resources, like forests, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum, need to be used in a sustainable manner. We can reduce pressure on the environment by sincerely applying the maxim of ‘Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recycle’ in our lives. Management of forest resources has to take into account the interests of various stakeholders. The harnessing of water resources by building dams has social, economic and environmental implications. Alternatives to large dams exist. These are locale-specific and may be developed so as to give local people control over their local resources. The fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, will ultimately be exhausted. Owing to this and because their combustion pollutes our environment, we need to use these resources judiciously.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 16 – Management Of Natural Resources

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How NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science is helpful while preparing for the exam?

Class 10 Science is an important subject for those students who want to pursue their future studies in this field. To score good marks in this subject, students need to follow the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science and should be thorough with it. For each chapter, there will be exercise questions for practice which students need to write after they finish completing each topic. It will help them to revise the topics and get to know how much they have understood the concepts. After completing the exercise question, they can refer to the NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science to cross-check whether they answered all the questions correctly. These solutions work as a guide for the students so that they don’t repeat the mistakes and make sure they answer all the questions correctly.

Preparing for the Class 10 exam needs a lot of attention and commitment as it is considered the turning point of the educational journey. Students need to have an overall understanding of individual chapters, and the process of it demands hard work towards studies and an effective approach to getting through the solutions. A significant role is played by Class 10 NCERT Science Solutions, which helps them to prepare effectively for their Class 10 board exams.

These solutions are based on the CBSE syllabus of Class 10 Science, which provides solutions to all the exercise questions of each chapter mentioned in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science. By referring to the solutions, students get to know which topic to focus more upon which will help students to learn faster. Students must know the right technique to answer all the questions given in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science . So, in order to help them prepare for their exams, we have provided all the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions. Students can also refer to the NCERT Workbook Solutions Class 10 Science for their further preparation.

Features of NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions

NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 is the best resource study material for students as it delivers a wide range of solutions to all the NCERT questions in the syllabus. It gives detailed solutions to the three dimensions of science, which are Physics, Chemistry and Biology. With the help of the solutions, students can instantly solve their doubts. These solutions are designed as per the NCERT curriculum to help students prepare for their Class 10 board exam. Some of the features of NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science  are mentioned below:

• The solutions are solved in easy-to-understand language so that students don’t get confused while referring to them.
• The answers are explained elaborately for all the exercise questions mentioned in each chapter.
• Solving these solutions will help students to solve the sample papers as well as the previous year question papers.
• It boosts the student’s confidence level and also helps them work on their weak points.
• All the answers are explained with proper diagrams related to the question.

Other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science

Students of Class 10 should refer to other study materials like NCERT Class 10 Science Exemplar, NCERT Class 10 Science textbook, and NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus besides studying from NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions. These study materials are also prepared as per the CBSE Class 10 science syllabus and help them while preparing for the board exams. Students can refer to these study materials after they complete the entire syllabus, which will help in quick revision before the exam.

Below we have provided the links of the other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science to help you prepare effectively for the Class 10 board exam.

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CBSE Class 10 Physics – Electricity -Study Notes

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• Concepts of Electricity
• Electricity Master File
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• Past Many Years CBSE Questions and Answer: Electricity
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Important Question of Science Class 10 plays a vital role in scoring more marks in board exams. We have provided Important Extra questions for class 10 Science (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) & Class 10 Science Term 2 Important Questions with Answers.

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Assignments for Class 10 Physics have been developed for Standard 10 students based on the latest syllabus and textbooks applicable in CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools. Parents and students can download the full collection of class assignments for class 10 Physics from our website as we have provided all topic wise assignments free in PDF format which can be downloaded easily. Students are recommended to do these assignments daily by taking printouts and going through the questions and answers for Grade 10 Physics. You should try to do these test assignments on a daily basis so that you are able to understand the concepts and details of each chapter in your Physics book and get good marks in class 10 exams.

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All students studying in Grade 10 Physics should download the assignments provided here and use them for their daily routine practice. This will help them to get better grades in Physics exam for standard 10. We have made sure that all topics given in your textbook for Physics which is suggested in Class 10 have been covered ad we have made assignments and test papers for all topics which your teacher has been teaching in your class. All chapter wise assignments have been made by our teachers after full research of each important topic in the textbooks so that you have enough questions and their solutions to help them practice so that they are able to get full practice and understanding of all important topics. Our teachers at https://www.assignmentsbag.com have made sure that all test papers have been designed as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and examination pattern. These question banks have been recommended in various schools and have supported many students to practice and further enhance their scores in school and have also assisted them to appear in other school level tests and examinations. Its easy to take print of thee assignments as all are available in PDF format.

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All free Printable practice assignments are in PDF single lick download format and have been prepared by Class 10 Physics teachers after full study of all topics which have been given in each chapter so that the students are able to take complete benefit from the worksheets. The Chapter wise question bank and revision assignments can be accessed free and anywhere. Go ahead and click on the links above to download free CBSE Class 10 Physics Assignments PDF.

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Class 10 Physics Notes Chapter 2 PDF – Solved Notes

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Electricity Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

CBSE Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 11 - Electricity Free PDF Download

Chapter 11 Electricity Class 10 Notes are crucial to study as they form a base of the principles that you will apply later on. Therefore, it is imperative to take a good look at this chapter because it is easy to predict that a lot of questions will be asked from here for any exam. The electricity chapter Class 10 notes come into play here. Prepared by the experts, these revision notes will help to give an edge over your peers as you will have a clear and lucid explanation of the difficult topics in easy and straightforward language.

Class 10 Science Chapter 11 notes are available in PDF format online on Vedantu's official website and app to download for free so students can use them to quickly revise the important concepts of Class 10 Science Chapter 11 electricity with no stress or panic. Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. Maths Students who are looking for the better solutions, they can download Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Download CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 10 Science revision notes for All chapters:

Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Notes

Cbse class 10 science revision notes chapter-wise links  .

Check out the links given below to view and download the revision notes for the other chapters in CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus. Each of these has been developed by Vedantu’s expert teachers keeping in mind the important areas and the need of the students during revision time. 

Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases and Salts

Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals

Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds

Chapter 5 - Periodic Classification of Elements

Chapter 6 - Life Processes

Chapter 7 - Control and Coordination

Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?

Chapter 10 - Light Reflection and Refraction

Chapter 11 - Human Eye and Colourful World

Chapter 13 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Chapter 14 - Sources of Energy

Chapter 15 - Our Environment

Chapter 16 - Management of Natural Resources

Introduction

The Greek words "Electrica" and "Elektron" were used to describe electricity.

Thales, a Greek philosopher, was the first to notice how certain elements attract other materials when rubbed together.

These materials were divided into two categories by Gilbert: vitreous and resinous, as Positive charges and Negative charges.

Frictional Electricity

Fur, flannel, wax, glass, cotton, paper, silk, human skin, wood, metals, rubber, resin, amber, sulphur, and ebonite are just a few of the materials used.

If any two materials in this series are rubbed together, the element that occurs initially in the series will get positive charge, while the element that occurs later in the series will gain negative charge.

Fundamental Laws of Electrostatics

Positive and negative charges are the two types of charges.

Charges that are similar repel each other, while charges that are dissimilar attract each other.

Coulomb’s Law

\[\text{F }\alpha \text{ }\dfrac{\left( {{\text{q}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{q}}_{\text{2}}} \right)}{{{\text{r}}^{\text{2}}}}\]

The electrostatic attraction or repulsion force between two charges is proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.

\[\text{F = }\dfrac{\left( \text{K}{{\text{q}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{q}}_{\text{2}}} \right)}{{{\text{r}}^{\text{2}}}}\]

\[\text{K}\] is the constant of proportionality and is equal to \[\text{9 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 1}{{\text{0}}^{\text{9}}}\text{N}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\text{/}{{\text{C}}^{\text{2}}}\] for free space.

The force is repulsive for similar charges and attracting for dissimilar ones.

Charge Conservation

When an ebonite rod is brushed with fur, the ebonite gains a negative charge, while the fur gains a positive charge. 

This indicates that electrons have transferred from fur to ebonite. 

The system's net charge stays unchanged. 

As a result, charges are not generated or destroyed; rather, they are moved from one material to another.

Insulators and Conductors

Insulators are poor conductors of electricity, yet they can be quickly charged through friction.

Charges can flow freely through conductors..

The rate of charge flow is referred to as current.

If the charge \[\text{q}\] is in coulomb and \[\text{t}\] is the time is seconds then, 

\[\text{I = }\dfrac{\text{q}}{\text{t}}\]

The \[\text{SI}\] unit of current is ampere \[\left( \text{A} \right)\].

Current is a scalar quantity.

A current of \[1\text{A}\] is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb for \[20\]

minutes. Find the amount of electric charge that flows through the

The given data is,

\[\text{I = 1A}\] and

\[\text{t = 20 minutes}\]

\[\text{t = 20}\times \text{60}\]

\[\text{t = 1200 seconds}\]

Electric charge is

\[\text{q = It}\]

\[\text{q = 1 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 1200}\]

\[\text{q = 1200 C}\]

Symbols Used in Electric Circuit

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A circuit diagram is a diagram that displays how different components in a 

circuit have been connected using traditional component symbols.

Electrical Potential

Electric potential is the work done in carrying a unit positive charge from infinity to a point.

If \[\text{W}\] is the work done \[\text{q}\] is the charge, then electric potential

\[\text{V = }\dfrac{\text{W}}{\text{q}}\]

The \[\text{SI}\] unit of electric potential is Volts \[\left( \text{V} \right)\]

Electric Potential Difference

The work done required to move a unit charge from one location to the other is defined as the electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit carrying some current.

\[\text{Potential difference }\left( \text{V} \right)\text{ between two points = }\dfrac{\text{Work done }\left( \text{W} \right)}{\text{Charge }\left( \text{Q} \right)}\]

The electric potential difference between points \[\text{A}\] and \[\text{B}\]is,

\[{{\text{V}}_{\text{AB}}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{Work done to carry charge q from A to B}}{\text{Charge }\left( \text{Q} \right)}\]

The \[\text{SI}\] unit of electric potential difference is Volts \[\left( \text{V} \right)\] .

How much work is done in moving a charge of \[\text{4 C}\] across two points

having a potential difference \[\text{24 V}\] ?

Given data is,

Charge, \[\text{Q = 4 C}\]

Potential difference, \[\text{V = 24 V}\]

Therefore, the amount of work \[\text{W}\] done in moving the charge can be calculated as,

\[\text{W = V }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ Q}\]

\[\text{W = 24}\times \text{4}\]

\[\text{W = 96 J}\]

Electric Potential Energy

The work done required to transport charges to their proper places against the electric field using a source of energy is known as electric potential energy.

The potential energy of the charges is used to store the work done.

Under similar physical conditions, the current flowing through a wire is directly proportional to the difference in potential applied across its ends.

\[\text{V }\alpha \text{ I}\]

\[\dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{I}}\text{ = Constant}\]

\[\dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{I}}\text{ = R}\]

\[\text{V = IR}\]

Where \[\text{R}\] is the resistance offered.

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current.

The \[\text{SI}\] unit of resistance is Ohm \[\left( \Omega  \right)\].

\[\text{1 Ohm}\]is the resistance offered by a wire carrying \[\text{1 A}\]current when \[\text{1 V}\]  is applied across its ends.

\[\text{        R = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{I}}\]

\[\text{1 Ohm = }\dfrac{\text{1 Volt}}{\text{1 Ampere}}\]

Variable resistance is a component that regulates current without changing the voltage source. 

A rheostat is a device that is commonly used to adjust the resistance in an electric circuit.

Factors Affecting Resistance

A conducting wire's resistance is determined by:

Nature of the material of the wire \[\left[ \text{Resistivity ( }\!\!\Omega\!\!\text{ )} \right]\]

Length of the wire \[\left( \text{l} \right)\]

Cross-sectional area of the wire \[\left( \text{A} \right)\]

Resistance is directly proportional to its length \[\left( \text{l} \right)\] and inversely proportional to the area of cross-section \[\left( \text{A} \right)\]. 

\[\text{R  }\!\!\alpha\!\!\text{  l }\]

\[\text{R  }\!\!\alpha\!\!\text{  }\dfrac{1}{\text{A}}\text{ }\]

\[\text{R  }\!\!\alpha\!\!\text{  }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{A}}\text{ }\]

\[\text{R = }\rho \dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{A}}\]

\[\text{ }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{  }\left( \text{rho} \right)\] is a proportionality constant that refers to the electrical resistivity of the conductor's substance.

Resistivity

The resistance offered by a wire of unit length and unit cross-sectional area is called resistivity.

Resistivity is also known as specific resistance.

\[\Omega \text{m}\] ohm-meter is the \[\text{SI}\] unit for resistivity.

Metals and alloys have very low resistivity which in the range of \[{{10}^{-8}}\Omega \text{m to }{{10}^{-6}}\Omega \text{m}\] .

The resistivity of insulators such as rubber and glass is on the order of \[{{10}^{12}}\Omega \text{m to }{{10}^{17}}\Omega \text{m}\].

Temperature affects both a material's resistance and its resistivity.

An alloy's resistivity is usually higher than that of its constituent metals.

At high temperatures, alloys do not easily oxidise (burn) and hence, they're frequently used in electrical heating devices like electric irons and toasters.

Tungsten is nearly exclusively utilised in electric bulb filaments, while copper and aluminium are commonly used in electrical transmission lines.

Reciprocal of resistivity is called conductivity.

Conductivity can be calculated as;

\[\mho \text{ = }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{ }\!\!\Omega\!\!\text{ }}\]

\[\text{SI}\] unit of conductivity is \[\text{oh}{{\text{m}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{-1}}}\] or  \[\text{mho-}{{\text{m}}^{\text{-1}}}\]

Effect of Temperature

A conductor's resistance increases linearly as the temperature rises.

As the temperature rises, an insulator's resistance rises as well.

As a semiconductor's temperature rises, its resistivity falls.

The resistivity of an alloy increases as the temperature rises.

Semiconductors and Superconductors

Semiconductors are materials with resistivity that fall between those of an insulator and a conductor.

Materials which lose their resistivity at low temperatures are called super conductors.

The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is \[\text{45 V}\] when it draws a current of \[\text{3 A}\] from the source. What current will the heater draw if the potential difference is increased to \[\text{120 V}\] ?

Given data is, 

Potential difference \[\text{V = 45 V}\]and current \[\text{I = 3 A}\]

According to Ohm’s law, 

\[\text{R = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{I}}\]

\[\text{R = }\dfrac{45}{3}\]

\[\text{R = 15 }\Omega \]

When the potential difference is increased to \[\text{120 V}\]the current is

\[\text{I = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{R}}\]

\[\text{I = }\dfrac{120}{15}\]

\[\text{I = 8 A}\]

As a result, the heater's current becomes \[\text{8 A}\].

A wire of given material having length \[\text{l}\] and area of cross-section \[\text{A}\]has a resistance of \[\text{8 }\Omega \] . What would be the resistance of another wire of the same material having length \[\dfrac{\text{l}}{4}\] and area of cross-section \[\text{2A}\]?

For first wire, resistance is;

\[{{\text{R}}_{1}}\text{  =   }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{  }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{A}}\text{  = 8 }\!\!\Omega\!\!\text{ }\]

Now, for the second wire, resistance is

\[{{\text{R}}_{2}}\text{  =   }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{  }\dfrac{\dfrac{\text{l}}{4}}{\text{2A}}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}=\rho \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{2\text{A}}\]

Since, \[\text{l = }\dfrac{\text{l}}{4}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{2}}\text{ =  }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{ }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{8A}}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{8}}{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\]

Since, \[{{\text{R}}_{1}}=8\Omega \]

Therefore, \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\] becomes

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\text{  =  }\dfrac{\text{l}}{\text{8}}\times \text{8}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{2}}=1\Omega \]

As a result, the new wire's resistance is \[\text{1}\Omega \]

Resistances in Series

The sum of the individual resistances of multiple resistors in series equals their equivalent resistance.

If resistances \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\text{, }{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\] and \[{{\text{R}}_{3}}\] are connected in series, then the equivalent resistance can be calculated as,

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\text{ = }{{\text{R}}_{1}}+{{\text{R}}_{2}}+{{\text{R}}_{3}}\]

When numerous resistors are connected in series, the combined resistance \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\]equals the total of their individual resistances \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\text{, }{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}},{{\text{R}}_{3}}\] and hence, \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\]is greater than any individual resistance.

In series circuit, current remains the same and potential difference vary.

The current in a series circuit is constant throughout the electric circuit. As a result, connecting an electric lamp and an electric heater in series is clearly impractical, as they require currents of vastly different values to function effectively.

The main disadvantage of a series circuit is that if one component fails, the circuit is broken and none of the other components works.

An electric lamp, whose resistance is \[\text{25 }\Omega \] , and a conductor of \[\text{5 }\Omega \]

resistance are connected to a \[\text{9 V}\] battery as shown in below figure. Calculate 

The total resistance of the circuit,

The current through the circuit.

The resistance of electric lamp, 

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\text{ = 25 }\Omega \]

The resistance is connected in series, 

\[{{\text{R}}_{2}}\text{ = 5 }\Omega \]

Then the total resistance in the circuit can be calculated as,

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\text{ = }{{\text{R}}_{1}}+{{\text{R}}_{2}}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\text{ = 25}+5\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}\text{ = 30 }\Omega \]

The overall difference in potential across the battery is

\[\text{V = 9 V}\]

According to Ohm’s law, the current through the circuit can be calculated as;

\[\text{I = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{s}}}}\]

\[\text{I = }\dfrac{\text{9}}{\text{30}}\]

\[\text{I = 0}\text{.3 A}\]

Resistances in Parallel

If resistances \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\text{, }{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\] and \[{{\text{R}}_{3}}\] are connected in parallel, then the equivalent resistance \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}\] is given by

\[\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{2}}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{3}}}\]

The sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances is equal to the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance of a group of resistances linked in parallel.

In parallel circuit, potential difference remains the same and current will be vary.

The current flowing through the electrical devices is divided in a parallel circuit.

This is especially useful when each device has a different resistance and requires a varied amount of current to function properly.

In the circuit diagram given in below figure, suppose the resistors \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\text{, }{{\text{R}}_{\text{2}}}\] and \[{{\text{R}}_{3}}\] have the values \[2\Omega ,4\Omega ,6\Omega \] respectively, which have been connected to a battery of \[\text{9 V}\]. 

Calculate 

The current through each resistor, 

The total current in the circuit, and 

The total circuit resistance.

\[{{\text{R}}_{1}}\text{ = 2 }\Omega \]

\[{{\text{R}}_{2}}\text{ = 4 }\Omega \]

\[{{\text{R}}_{3}}\text{ = 6 }\Omega \]

The total potential difference across the battery is

According to Ohm’s law,

The current \[{{\text{I}}_{1}}\], through \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}\] \[\text{= }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{1}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{1}}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{1}}\text{ = }\dfrac{9}{2}\text{ A}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{1}}\text{ = 4}\text{.5 A}\]

The current \[{{\text{I}}_{2}}\], through \[{{\text{R}}_{2}}\] \[\text{= }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{2}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{2}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{2}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{2}}\text{ = }\dfrac{9}{4}\text{ A}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{2}}\text{ = }2.25\text{ A}\]

The current \[{{\text{I}}_{3}}\], through \[{{\text{R}}_{3}}\] \[\text{= }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{3}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{3}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{V}}{{{\text{R}}_{3}}}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{3}}\text{ = }\dfrac{9}{6}\text{ A}\]

\[{{\text{I}}_{3}}\text{ = 1}\text{.5 A}\]

Therefore, the total current in the circuit can be calculated as;

\[\text{I = }{{\text{I}}_{1}}+{{\text{I}}_{2}}+{{\text{I}}_{3}}\]

\[\text{I = }4.5+2.25+1.5\]

\[\text{I = 8}\text{.25 A}\]

The total resistance \[{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}\] can be calculated as;

\[\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{1}}{4}\text{+}\dfrac{\text{1}}{6}\]

\[\dfrac{\text{1}}{{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}}\text{ = }\dfrac{\text{11}}{\text{12}}\]

\[{{\text{R}}_{\text{p}}}\text{  =  }\dfrac{\text{12}}{\text{11}}\text{  }\!\!\Omega\!\!\text{ }\]

Heating Effect of Electric Current

The source energy is constantly dissipated fully in the form of heat if the electric circuit is purely resistive, that is, a configuration of resistors exclusively connected to a battery, this effect is called as the heating effect of electric current. 

Electric heaters, electric irons, and other gadgets are operating on this effect.

For a steady current \[\text{I}\] , the amount of heat \[\text{H}\] produced in time \[\text{t}\] can be calculated as;

\[\text{H = VIt}\]

Joule’s Law of Heating:

When a current \[\text{I}\]flows through a resistor \[\text{R}\]heat is produced and this phenomena is called as Joule’s law of heating .

\[\text{H = }{{\text{I}}^{\text{2}}}\text{Rt}\]

\[\text{120 J}\] of heat is produced each second in a \[\text{6 }\Omega \] resistance. Find the

potential difference across the resistor.

Given data is

\[\text{H = 120 J}\]

\[\text{R = 6 }\Omega \]

\[\text{t = 1 sec}\]

According to Joule’s Law of Heating effect, 

\[\text{I = }\sqrt{\dfrac{\text{H}}{\text{Rt}}}\]

\[\text{I = }\sqrt{\dfrac{120}{6\times 1}}\]

\[\text{I = }\sqrt{20}\]

\[\text{I = 4}\text{.47 A}\]

Thus the potential difference across the resistor \[\text{V}\]can be calculated as;

\[\text{V = 4}\text{.47}\times \text{6}\]

\[\text{V = 26}\text{.82 V}\]

Applications of Heating Effect of Electric Current

Heat creation in a conductor is an unavoidable result of electric current.

Heat is undesirable because it converts useful electrical energy into heat.

The electric laundry iron, electric toaster, electric oven, electric kettle, and electric heater are all examples which are working on Joule’s heating effect.

As in an electric bulb, electric heating is also employed to produce light.

Bulb filaments are made of tungsten, a strong metal with a high melting point.

The fuse used in electric circuits is another prominent application of Joule's heating.

A fuse wire is a wire that melts, breaks the circuit, and protects various appliances in household connections from damage.

It protects circuits and appliances by interrupting any too high electric current flow.

The fuse is connected to the device in series.

It consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy with the proper melting point, as well as a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy with the appropriate melting point.

Aluminium, copper, iron, and lead alloys are used to make fuse wires.

The maximum safe current that can pass through the fuse wire increases as the thickness of the wire increases.

Electrical Energy

Because of the existence of resistance to the flow of current work has to be done in order to maintain the flow of current.

Since the potential difference \[\text{V}\] is the work done to carry unit positive charge from infinity to a point, the work done to carry a charge \[\text{q}\] is given by:

\[\text{W = qV}\]

But \[\text{I = }\dfrac{\text{q}}{\text{t}}\]

\[\text{W = ItV}\]

Since \[\text{V=IR}\]

\[\text{W = }{{\text{I}}^{\text{2}}}\text{Rt}\]

\[\text{W = }\dfrac{{{\text{V}}^{\text{2}}}\text{t}}{\text{R}}\]

This work done is stored as energy.

\[\text{SI}\] unit of electrical energy is Joule.

Electric Power

The rate at which electric energy is consumed is called electric power.

\[\text{Power }\!\!~\!\!\text{  = }\dfrac{\text{Work done}}{\text{Time}}\]

\[\text{P = }\dfrac{\text{W}}{\text{t}}\]

\[\text{P = V  }\!\!\times\!\!\text{  }{{\text{I}}^{\text{2}}}\text{R}\]

\[\text{P = }{{\text{V}}^{\text{2}}}\text{R}\]

\[\text{P = VI}\]

\[\text{SI}\] unit of electric power is Watt.

An electric bulb is connected to a \[\text{230 V}\] generator. The current is \[\text{0}\text{.75 A}\]. What is the power of the bulb?

\[\text{V = 230 V}\]

\[\text{I = 0}\text{.75 A}\]

Thus, Power can be calculated as;

\[\text{P = 230}\times 0.75\]

\[\text{P = 172}\text{.5 W}\]

Calculation of Power for House Hold Electricity

The commercial unit for electrical energy is the kilowatt hour\[\left( \text{kWh} \right)\] 

\[\text{1kWh = 3,600,000 J}\]

\[\text{1kWh}=\text{3}\text{.6}\times \text{1}{{\text{0}}^{\text{6}}}\text{ J}\]

No. of units of electricity consumed in a household can be calculated as;\[\text{No}\text{. of units of electricity consumed in a household = }\!\!~\!\!\text{ No}\text{. of kWh}\]

\[\text{Total cost of electricity }\!\!~\!\!\text{  = Total units  }\!\!\times\!\!\text{  Cost per unit of electricity}\]

What do you Mean by the Atomic Structure?

There are two points mentioned below that can surely clarify your concept regarding the atomic structure.

An atom comprises a nucleus that is positively charged and electrons that are negatively charged. These electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The valence electrons can constitute an electric current. In metal, these valence electrons can roam freely.

Definition of Charge

The charge is a fundamental property of matter. Due to the charge, a subject can exert electromagnetic force.

Usage of Conductors and Insulators

Conductors can be defined as materials that offer least or no resistance to the flow of current whereas in insulators a greater resistance is offered against the flow of current.

Definition of Electric Potential and Potential Difference

Electric potential is the work done at a point to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. The difference in electric potential between two different points is called the potential difference.

Notes of Chapter 11 Electricity Class 10

Electric Current Models

Electric current can be defined as the flow of charge from one point to another.

The expression for the electric current can be written as: I = q / t

Model of Electron Sea

Because of the passage of the ‘sea’ of free electrons, the electric current is possible to travel through a solid conductor. These sea of electrons are free to jump onto any neighboring atom.

Electron’s Drift Velocity

As a result of potential differences, electric fields are generated inside the conductor. This results in the drift velocity of the electrons to attain maximum movement inside a metallic conductor.

Working of Battery

The battery is working on a principle of potential difference which is generated inside it due to internal chemical reactions. Multiple cells connected together form a battery.

The following chemical reactions take place in a battery.

Cu(s) ⇌ Cu 2+ (aq) + 2e − 

Ag(aq) + 2e − ⇌ 2Ag (s).

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 11 Electricity

What is an Electric Circuit?

A current that travels in a closed-loop path is known as an electric circuit. Circuit diagrams are used to represent an electric circuit by using symbols for each component of the circuit. The diagram of an electric circuit is given below.

Define Ohm’s Law

In an ohmic conductor, the passage of current is directly proportional to the applied potential difference between the two ends of the conductor.

How to Define Resistance?

When the flow of current in an electric circuit is offered opposition, that opposition is known as resistance.

The resistance of a material depends on the following factors.

Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor.

Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor.

Resistance is directly proportional to the nature of the conductor.

Resistance is directly proportional to the temperature of the conductor.

What is Resistivity?

Resistivity is the electrical resistance that is offered by a substance of unit length and unit cross-sectional area.

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Other Related Links

• Syllabus for CBSE Class 10 Science Term (1 & 2) 2024-25

CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 10

Sample Papers for Class 10

NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 Science

CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper

Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science

For an enhanced comprehension of this subject, NCERT - Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Electricity thoughtfully prepared by experienced educators at Vedantu is your invaluable companion. These notes break down the complexities of Electricity into easily digestible sections, helping you grasp new concepts, master formulas and navigate through questions effortlessly and quickly at the last minute as well. By immersing yourself in these notes, you not only prepare for your studies more efficiently but also develop a profound understanding of the subject matter.

FAQs on Electricity Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

Q1. How can Anyone Make a Simple Circuit?

Ans: Students need to follow these given steps to construct a circuit.

One end of the wire should be connected to the light bulb holder.

In the negative end of the battery, connect the free-end wire.

The other end of the wire should be connected to the positive end of the battery.

Q2. What is the Heating Effect of Current?

Ans: As per Joule’s law, heat is directly proportional to the square of the current, directly proportional to the resistance of a given circuit, and heat is directly proportional to time for which current flows through the conductor.

Q3. What are the Types of Combinations of Resistors?

Ans: There are two types of combinations of resistors such as series and parallel.

In Series: The resistors carry the same current.

In Parallel: The resistors have the same potential difference.

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Q5. What is electricity according to Class 10 Chapter 11 notes?

Electricity has been defined as the presence or rate of flow of electric charges in a conductor like copper wires. Thales, a well-known Greek Philosopher, observed the presence of an attractive capacity in certain materials when they were rubbed together. These two materials were later classified as positive and negative charges. Students can find a more detailed explanation in the Electricity Class 10 Notes Chapter 11 Science provided by Vedantu .

Q6. What is resistance according to Class 10 Science Chapter 11?

Resistance, as explained in Class 10 Science Chapter 11, is known as the opposition that is faced by the flow of current in an electric circuit. The amount of resistance depends on the following features of a particular material:

Resistance is directly proportional to the length, nature, and temperature of the conductor.

• Resistance and the conductor's cross-sectional area are inversely proportional to each other.

Q7. What are the topics covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 11 notes?

The Electricity Class 10 Notes Chapter 11 Science covers all the topics that are a part of the NCERT book and the latest syllabus provided by CBSE. These topics include:

Atomic Structure

Electric Charge

Electric Circuit

Resistance and Resistivity

Q8. Define an electric circuit.

According to the CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, a closed-loop path that has the presence of current traveling through it is called an electric circuit. The closed-loop provides the flowing current a return path, helping it go from one terminal of the power source to the other terminal. A full electric circuit can be represented with the help of circuit diagrams drawn using symbols for each component of the circuit.

Q9. Why should I refer to Vedantu CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 11?

Physics in particular can be the branch of science that some students may find difficult to study. With the help of CBSE Notes for Class 10 Physics, understanding the concepts taught in Chapter 11 will become easier for students. Vedantu provides notes free of cost that have been prepared by expert and skilled professionals in an easy-to-understand language to help students get a strong grip over the subject and its different chapters in Class 10. These notes are 100% reliable and are based on the latest CBSE guidelines.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 10

NCERT Books

NCERT Books for Class 10 Science PDF Download [2021 -22 Edition Revised Syllabus]

NCERT Books Class 10 Science : The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Science textbooks for Class 10. The NCERT Class 10th Science textbooks are well known for it’s updated and thoroughly revised syllabus. The NCERT Science Books are based on the latest exam pattern and CBSE syllabus.

NCERT keeps on updating the Science books with the help of the latest question papers of each year. The Class 10 Science books of NCERT are very well known for its presentation. The use of NCERT Books Class 10 Science is not only suitable for studying the regular syllabus of various boards but it can also be useful for the candidates appearing for various competitive exams, Engineering Entrance Exams, and Olympiads.

NCERT Class 10 Science Books in English PDF Download

NCERT Class 10 Science Books are provided in PDF form so that students can access it at any time anywhere. Class 10 NCERT Science Books are created by the best professors who are experts in Science and have good knowledge in the subject.

NCERT Books for Class 10 Science – English Medium

NCERT books Class 10 Science PDF (chapter-wise) in English, Hindi (Vigyan), and Urdu are provided as under:

• Class 10 Science NCERT Book PDF Download
• Class 10 Science NCERT Book Introduction
• Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

NCERT Solutions for class 10 Science

• Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
• Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
• Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds
• Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 6: Life Processes
• Chapter 7: Control and Coordination
• Chapter 8: How do Organisms Reproduce?
• Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution
• Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction
• Chapter 11: Human Eye and Colourful World
• Chapter 12: Electricity
• Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 14: Sources of Energy
• Chapter 15: Our Environment
• Chapter 16: Management of Natural Resources
• Class 10 NCERT Science Book Answers

NCERT Books for Class 10 Science – Hindi Medium

• Class 10 Science NCERT Book in Hindi PDF Download
• Class 10 Science NCERT Book in Hindi Introduction
• पाठ 1: रासायनिक अभिक्रियाएं एवं समीकरण
• पाठ 2: अम्ल, क्षारक एवं लवण
• पाठ 3: धातु एवं अधातु
• पाठ 4: कार्बन एवं उसके यौगिक
• पाठ 5: तत्वों का आवर्त वर्गीकरण
• पाठ 6: जैव प्रक्रम
• पाठ 7: नियंत्रण एवं समन्वय
• पाठ 8: जीव जनन कैसे करते हैं?
• पाठ 9: आनुवंशिकता एवं जैव विकास
• पाठ 10: प्रकाश – परावर्तन तथा अपवर्तन
• पाठ 11: मानव नेत्र तथा रंगबिरंगा संसार
• पाठ 12: विधुत
• पाठ 13: विधुत धरा के चुंबकीय प्रभाव
• पाठ 14: ऊर्जा के स्रोत
• पाठ 15: हमारा पर्यावरण
• पाठ 16: प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का प्रबंधन
• Class 10 Science NCERT Book in Hindi Answers

The NCERT syllabus mainly focuses on this book to make it student-friendly to make it useful for both the students and the competitive exam aspirants. The book covers a detailed Science based on the syllabuses of various boards. NCERT Science Books for Class 10 is perfectly compatible with almost every Indian education state and central boards.

We hope that this detailed article on NCERT Books Class 10 Science helps you in your preparation and you crack the Class 10 exams or competitive exams with excellent scores.

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