ielts essay connecting words

IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)

Just how important are linkers for IELTS? When it comes to Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2, connecting words for IELTS are incredibly important. Overall, they’ll have a significant impact on your band descriptor—in other words, on your IELTS scores. So how do you use IELTS writing linking words well? I’ll show you how in this IELTS linking words PDF!

IELTS Linking Words PDF

Once you’ve downloaded the IELTS linking words PDF , come back to this post to read on. In this post, we’ll look at linkers for IELTS and how you can use connecting words for IELTS tasks to boost your score.

Table of Contents

How to use linking words for ielts writing task 1, how to use linking words for ielts writing task 2, connecting words for both ielts tasks.

• Comparison/Opposition
• Consequence/Result
• Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 1

Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 2

Using the ielts linking words pdf, the function of linking words in ielts writing.

The IELTS Writing exam is marked on four criteria : grammar and sentence structure; vocabulary usage; answering the task response; and coherence and cohesion. Each makes up 25% of the overall score. Often, when I read an essay by an ESL student, I’m impressed by their range of vocabulary and their expert grammar use, but disappointed about how incoherently one sentence flows to the next.

In other words? They need more connecting words for IELTS’s higher band descriptors!

To develop coherence and cohesion, we need to use a variety of phrases to link one idea to the next, so that the reader can follow your thinking. How you’ll do this should vary according to the task type that you’re approaching. Take a look at IELTS band descriptors 1 and 2 , then see how to use linkers for IELTS below!

On IELTS Task 1 , you’ll write a report based on two visuals (think: charts and graphs ). You’ll need connecting words for IELTS Task 1 to:

• Transition from a description of one visual to a description of the other
• Compare and contrast key features of the visuals
• Point out and highlight data or details of the visuals

For IELTS Task 2 , you’ll write an extended response to a prompt. In this case, you’ll need linkers for IELTS Task 2 to:

• Present your opinion
• Move between paragraphs
• Provide reasons
• Give examples
• Explain conditions and consequences of different scenarios

Even though the two IELTS Writing tasks are very different, you’ll still need to structure your responses with an introduction in either case. And a conclusion could potentially be used in both tasks as well, although conclusions are optional in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. (See our article on Writing Task 1 Academic paragraph structure for details.) Because of this, IELTS Writing linking words that will help you on both tasks are those that:

• Connect your introduction to your summary of the visuals
• Move from your main discussion to your conclusion.

Categories of Linkers for IELTS Writing

With all of that in mind, let’s take a look at several series of linking words to help you on test day! You can also download these in the IELTS linking words PDF to return to for reinforcement.

While most of these words can be used in either task, I’ve put asterisks (*) by different words that are particularly good for Task 1 or Task 2. Here’s the key:

* Especially good linking words for IELTS Writing Task 1 (Academic) ** Especially good IELTS Writing Task 2 linking words (Note, however, that any of these phrase categories can be pretty useful in either essay!)

• I think/feel/believe that…
• Personally, I feel that…
• As far as I am concerned…
• From my point of view…
• I admit that….
• I concur that…
• I agree that….
• Furthermore,…
• In addition,…
• Additionally,…
• On top of that,…
• Especially,…
• In particular,…
• Particularly,…
• Without a doubt,…
• Obviously,…
• Importantly,…

Comparison/Opposition*

• In contrast,…
• By contrast…
• In comparison,…
• Meanwhile,…
• On the other hand,…
• Alternatively,…
• Nevertheless,…

Condition**

• Unless…
• On the condition that…
• Provided that…
• As long as…
• Supposing that…

Concession**

• Admittedly,…
• Even though…
• In spite of…
• For instance,…
• For example,…
• A very good example is…
• The best example is…
• To illustrate,…
• First of all,…
• To start with…
• Thirdly/fourthly/etc.,…

Consequence/Result**

• As a result,…
• As a consequence,…
• Consequently,…
• Accordingly,…
• Therefore,…
• On that account,…
• For that reason,…

Conclusion**

• In conclusion,…
• To conclude,…
• In the end,…
• To summarize,…
• To sum up,…

Ready to put your knowledge from the IELTS linking words PDF to the test? Here are some exercises you can use to practice using linkers for IELTS!

Practice with IELTS Linking Words for Writing Task 1

You can find the prompt for this question here !

These graphics highlight several key trends. (1) ________, in general terms, slightly more than half the population owned computers in 2002. (2) ________, that number rose to roughly 75% over the next eight years. (3)________, these numbers varied by group. (4)________, postgraduates were always ahead of the general population: roughly three-quarters of postgraduates owned computers in 2002, that figure rose to nearly 95% by 2010. (5)________, those who had not finished high school began with only a 15% computer ownership rate, which increased to about 45% after eight years.

(1) Firstly/First of all/To start with

(2) However/But/Nevertheless

(3) On the other hand/However/But/Nevertheless

(4) Any example linking word would work here except “such as,” because this is the beginning of a sentence.

(1)________, young people need freedom to make choices, especially when it comes to their careers. Deep down, some parents may want their children to choose prestigious careers, or jobs that will impact society in some way. These wishes are normal and not necessarily harmful. (2)________, it can be problematic if these desires turn into firm expectations. (3)________, offering a child freedom does not imply that parents should be absent. Parents should strive to foster open communication about career decisions. (4)_______, if Tim’s aspirations do not line up with his parents’ wishes, he may, (5) _______ fear that approaching them could lead to judgement and confrontation.

(1) Any opinion linking word or phrase would work here except for “I concur that” or “I agree that,” because this is the first idea introduced in the essay.

(2) Admittedly,

(3) However,/But/On the other hand,/Nevertheless,

The best way to improve your use of IELTS Writing linking words is to practice repeatedly, checking your work thoroughly each time. With the IELTS Linking Words PDF, we’ve made this easy for you!

In the IELTS linking words PDF, you’ll find the key information from this post. This includes the lists of linking words, which task(s) each word is best for, and practice using linking words using the exercises below!

Incorporating IELTS Writing linking words into your practice by using the PDF regularly will help you achieve greater fluency for test day–and help you boost your band score. Make it a regular part of your practice! And be sure to read up on the whole IELTS Writing section, so you can study for the test effectively. Magoosh has a complete guide to IELTS Writing that can help.

Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot’s teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2

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11 responses to “IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)”

Hi, Thanks a million. It is very useful.

I wrote IELTS for getting Canadian PR however I got less in “Writing”. My score was “6.5” and “7” in “listening”. My overall band was “7” and the total score as 370. Could anyone share a few tips? Initially I strongly believed that IELTS apart from being a competitive exam, was a source of business as well as they deliberately made us fail but I slowly started feeling that perhaps I could have done errors. Anyways encapsulating my words, “Any tips”?

Thank you. I really found this post useful because I have been struggling to start my body paragraph and have no idea what to write.

Glad you enjoyed it, Gigi!

Hallo there

Is it possible to know one type of writting an easy so it can cover deffrent subject and deferent varaity of topic ensteed I read each topic and subject endevsoual. Best regards Khleed

I’m sorry, but I don’t understand what you are trying to ask here! Can you please ask in a different way or provide some more details or an example of what you are looking for? Thanks!

Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful ❤️

Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful and now I’ll prepare using your ideas

So glad to hear it! 😀

I believe that this will help me to achieve what I really want to claim in my life….. I HOPE SO.

Hi Malakpreet,

We hope so too! Best of luck to you! 😀

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• Academic practice
• General practice
• Task 1 Academic
• Task 1 General
• Task 2 (essay)

Linking structures

Using a wide range of vocabulary will help you to gain higher score at IELTS.

Don't fear: you don't have to learn all of these phrases. Just choose a few that you like and practice using them in your writing.

See also Vocabulary to describe graphs .

IELTS Writing Linking Words (Connectors) - Master List

The key to a high-scoring essay is not just rich content and strong grammar, but also the seamless flow and clarity with which you present your thoughts. That’s where linking words, or connectors, come into play, weaving your ideas into a well-integrated narrative.

Whether you're arguing a point in your Writing Task 2 essay, or crafting a letter for Task 1, using a wide range of linking words can significantly boost the coherence and cohesion of your text. Our extensive list of connectors is designed for IELTS candidates seeking to enhance their writing skills and achieve a band score that truly reflects their language proficiency.

Unlock the full potential of your writing with our master list of IELTS linking words, thoughtfully categorized and rich with examples

Additionally : Additionally, applicants must submit a cover letter.

Furthermore : I love to travel; furthermore, I enjoy learning about new cultures.

Moreover : She has experience, and moreover, she has the right qualifications.

Also : He can also play the guitar.

As well as : Her favorite sports are tennis as well as swimming.

Not to mention : The hotel was beautiful, not to mention close to the beach.

Along with : She brought a pie along with some fresh fruit.

Besides : I don’t want to go to the party, and besides, I wasn’t even invited.

In addition : The price is fair, and in addition, the service is exceptional.

Plus : The car is very reliable, plus it’s great on gas.

However : He is very funny; however, he can be quite serious at times.

Although : Although it was raining, he walked without an umbrella.

On the other hand : I am excited about the trip; on the other hand, I’m worried about the expense.

Conversely : I'd like to eat out, but conversely, I should be saving money.

Instead : He did not rebuke his child; instead, he gave him a hug.

Nevertheless : It was cold and wet; nevertheless, the game continued.

Despite : Despite the bad weather, we had a good time.

Yet : She is a great team player, yet she works well independently.

On the contrary : I thought she would win; on the contrary, she came in last.

In contrast : She loves math; in contrast, her brother has always found it difficult.

Cause and Effect

Therefore : The study was flawed; therefore, the results were unreliable.

As a result : He scored well on the test, as a result, he got into his desired university.

Consequently : It rained heavily; consequently, the picnic was canceled.

Hence : He was absent on the day of the exam; hence, he failed the course.

Thus : The roads were icy; thus, the school decided to close for the day.

Because of : Because of the train delay, I missed my appointment.

Due to : The match was postponed due to heavy snow.

So : She's allergic to peanuts, so she has to read food labels carefully.

This means that : The road is closed. This means that we’ll have to take a detour.

Leading to : The malfunction led to a delay in production.

Similarly : Just as Rome was not built in a day, similarly, we need time to complete this project.

Likewise : He respects his colleagues and expects to be treated likewise.

Like : Like her mother, she has a keen interest in art.

Just as : Just as the sun rises every morning, we too must rise to our tasks.

Comparable to : His speed is comparable to that of a professional athlete.

Analogous to : Watching the stars, he felt analogous to an explorer.

Similarly to : Similarly to her sister, she has a flair for fashion.

As with : As with all his advice, it was wise and timely.

For instance : For instance, many endangered species are at risk because of habitat loss.

For example : Using renewable energy sources, for example, can significantly reduce pollution.

Such as : There are many activities to enjoy in the winter, such as skiing and skating.

Including : There are several risks including potential loss of investment.

Specifically : Specifically, you must follow these instructions to install the software.

To illustrate : To illustrate my point, let's consider the case of the honeybee.

Namely : This year has two leap months, namely the fourth and the ninth.

Importantly : Importantly, all participants must sign a consent form.

Indeed : The results were, indeed, remarkable.

Especially : She enjoys hiking, especially in the mountains.

Particularly : The instructions were particularly complex.

Notably : Notably, none of the students were late to the seminar.

Significantly : The new policy will significantly affect productivity.

Above all : Above all, keep yourself hydrated while hiking.

Most importantly : Most importantly, never lose sight of your goals.

Of course : Of course, we'll need to consider the costs.

Especially : Bring warm clothes, especially if you feel the cold easily.

Firstly : Firstly, let's go over the previous meeting's minutes.

Secondly : Secondly, we need to address the budget for next year.

Thirdly : Thirdly, staffing requirements must be assessed.

Next : Gather your materials; next, begin the experiment.

Then : Finish your homework; then, you can watch TV.

Afterward : We'll have lunch, and afterward, we can visit the museum.

Subsequently : He was promoted, subsequently taking over the department.

Finally : Finally, after months of preparation, the day of the launch arrived.

Last but not least : Last but not least, we must thank our sponsors.

Ultimately : Ultimately, the decision lies with the committee.

In conclusion : In conclusion, there are several benefits to implementing these changes.

To summarize : To summarize, we reviewed three key points in today's meeting.

In summary : In summary, the strategy proved to be highly effective.

Overall : Overall, the project was a resounding success.

To conclude : To conclude, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone.

Lastly : Lastly, we would like to remind participants to submit their feedback.

In closing : In closing, remember to check your email for updates.

To finalize : To finalize the process, please sign below.

To wrap up : To wrap up, I'll answer any remaining questions.

All things considered : All things considered, it's a favorable proposal.

Currently : Currently, the company is in the process of expanding.

Previously : Previously, we discussed the importance of marketing.

Formerly : The building was formerly used as a warehouse.

Eventually : He studied hard and eventually passed the exam with flying colors.

Subsequently : The snowstorm subsided and, subsequently, flights resumed.

Meanwhile : You start on the report; meanwhile, I'll work on the presentation.

Simultaneously : They worked simultaneously on different parts of the project.

Until : Continue stirring the mixture until it thickens.

Thereafter : Thereafter, the participants formed smaller discussion groups.

Presently : Presently, the research is being reviewed by the committee.

Comparison/Contrast or Clarification

In the same way : In the same way a teacher educates students, a mentor guides a protégé.

Similarly : Similarly, the new model offers increased efficiency.

In the same manner , In the same manner as his predecessor, he adheres to strict schedules.

By the same token : By the same token, reducing expenses will enhance our profitability.

Equally : This decision will affect all departments equally.

Just as : Just as we expected, the turnout was high.

As much as : As much as I enjoy hiking, I haven't had time to go recently.

Clarification

That is to say : We have a stopover, that is to say, you'll have to switch planes.

In other words : It's a symbiotic relationship, in other words, both parties benefit.

To clarify : To clarify, only third-year students can apply for this program.

That is : You will be compensated, that is, we'll pay for your travel expenses.

Put another way : Put another way, the success of the project depends on teamwork.

To put it differently : To put it differently, the painting represents both hope and despair.

To rephrase : To rephrase, are you suggesting we postpone the launch?

If : If it rains, the game will be canceled.

Unless : Unless we act now, the opportunity will be lost.

Provided that : Provided that you complete the work on time, you'll receive full credit.

In the event that : In the event that you're late, please inform us.

As long as : You can borrow my car as long as you fill the tank.

Even if : Even if you disagree, you must abide by the decision.

In case : Always bring a map, in case your phone loses signal.

Supposing : Supposing the client agrees, when can we deliver?

Example or Emphasis

For instance : There are many historical cities to visit in Europe, for instance, Rome and Paris.

To illustrate : To illustrate the issue, consider the impact of deforestation on wildlife.

Namely : The club offers many amenities, namely a pool, a gym, and a sauna.

In particular : He loves fruits, in particular, apples and bananas.

Specifically : The warranty covers everything, specifically parts and labor.

To emphasize : To emphasize, please ensure the data is accurate.

Indeed : This is a very important point to consider, indeed.

In fact : The artist is, in fact, a close friend of mine.

Accordingly : Complete the form accordingly.

Consequently : He missed the deadline, and consequently, his submission was rejected.

Similarly : Similarly, her writing style is brief and to the point.

For example : Religions differ in practice; for example, some pray several times a day, others only on certain occasions.

To demonstrate : To demonstrate his commitment, he worked overtime without extra pay.

Exception/Contrast

Yet : He is young, yet he has achieved a lot.

In spite of : In spite of the rain, the event was well-attended.

Though : Though he wasn't feeling well, he decided to participate in the race.

While : While I understand your concern, I believe this is the best course of action.

Although : Although the road was busy, we made good time.

Because : He’s tired because he worked late.

Since : Since we have enough resources, we should begin the project.

As : As the data was incomplete, the conclusions were questionable.

Given that : Given that we missed the deadline, we need a new strategy.

Considering : Considering her extensive experience, she’s the ideal candidate for the job.

Due to the fact that : Due to the fact that we received a generous grant, our research can continue.

Owing to : Owing to the budget cuts, we need to revise our plans.

Summary/Conclusion

In conclusion : In conclusion, the evidence overwhelmingly supports our theory.

To summarize : To summarize, three key points were discussed.

In sum : In sum, the proposal offers several noteworthy benefits.

To wrap up : To wrap up, I'd like to thank everyone for their participation.

In brief : In brief, we need to change our approach.

Overall : Overall, it's been a productive year for the company.

All in all : All in all, it was a fantastic concert.

To recap : To recap, make sure you understand the assignment before you begin.

In a nutshell : In a nutshell, the new policy will affect everyone in the department.

Then : Finish this task, then start on the next.

Afterwards : We'll have the meeting, and afterwards, we can discuss the matter privately.

Subsequently : He graduated in June, and subsequently found a job in July.

Soon after : The new model was released, and soon after, it became a best-seller.

Immediately : Immediately after the incident, the building was evacuated.

Wherever : Wherever you go, you’ll find people willing to help.

Whenever : Whenever I visit Paris, I feel like I'm in a dream.

While : While he was reading, the phone rang.

Meanwhile : He'll be here in an hour; meanwhile, let's get everything ready.

You deserve a better score!

Unlock the power of IELTSWritingPro and gain a competitive edge in your IELTS exam preparations. Our software employs advanced algorithms tailored to assess your essays based on the four core evaluation criteria, making it easier than ever to identify weak points and perfect your writing.

Connectors / Linking Words for Writing – Functions and Tips

Updated On Sep 15, 2023

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Table of Contents

• How do Linking Words or Connectors Function? 

Tips to Use Linking words or Connectors

Common linking words and connectors used in ielts writing.

Effective IELTS Essay Connectors for Writing Task 2 & Task 1

Linking words or connectors are the adverbs that turn out to be the easiest way to connect ideas or sentences with one unique word. Such linking words or connectors make the entire sentence look appealing. In IELTS, if you use the connesctors appropriately, it will showcase your advanced English communication skills.

So, in any way, if you find yourself stuck with handling these linking words or connectors, here are a few tips that will help you out.

How do Linking Words or Connectors Function? 

Jotted down below are a few reasons why you should be using linking words or connectors in your IELTS writing tasks:

• They make your writing clear and appealing.
• You get to provide meaning to otherwise complex sentences.
• They help readers understand how one sentence is related to the other.
• They help to know the purpose of the question and also give an appropriate answer to the question.

Here are a few tips that you can keep in mind when using linking words or connectors:

Are you being accurate with your choice of words?

There are a lot of linking words that can be used in a sentence, so you need to be careful while using the linking words and use them accurately.

Are you overusing linking words or connectors?

The linking words can be used once or twice in the sentence. Making overuse of the linking words in the sentence makes the sentence meaningless.

Are you mixing up?

Try to use a lot of linking words in the paragraph, but make sure the sentence is meaningful while using these words. Using a single word many times in a paragraph doesn’t make any sense. So while using the linking words, use them wisely.

When writing an essay or a report in an IELTS exam, there are plenty of linking words or connectors used throughout. You can take ideas from the ones mentioned below:

Also check :

• IELTS Writing
• IELTS Writing tips
• IELTS Writing recent actual test
• IELTS Writing Answer sheet
• IELTS Writing Practice tests

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are connectors important in writing?

Name some of the common connectors used in IELTS Writing?

What are some linking words expressing differences or contrasts?

Mention some linking words that can be used to express a finale or summarization

Where do you use connectors or linking words in IELTS writing?

Explore IELTS Writing

Proven tips to score Band 9 in IELTS Writing

Janet had been an IELTS Trainer before she dived into the field of Content Writing. During her days of being a Trainer, Janet had written essays and sample answers which got her students an 8+ band in the IELTS Test. Her contributions to our articles have been engaging and simple to help the students understand and grasp the information with ease. Janet, born and brought up in California, had no idea about the IELTS until she moved to study in Canada. Her peers leaned to her for help as her first language was English.

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Linking words for speaking and writing (tasks 1 and 2)

Why are connectors, or linking words important.

In IELTS, there are lots of ways to go wrong! Using very short sentences in speaking or writing can fail to convey the meaning accurately, while long and complex sentences can leave your reader or listener confused, and you may end up with a poor band score. So how do we frame sentences to score Band 7 and above?

Linking words, also known as discourse markers, connecting words, or transition words, are particular words and phrases you can use to connect your ideas and sentences while writing or speaking.   You can use linking words for giving examples, adding information, summarising, giving a reason, and contrasting ideas. Linkers can also help candidates put forth their opinion comprehensively and display a greater knowledge and variety of vocabulary.

We will focus here on the importance and correct use of linking words for IELTS. We will also give you examples of linking words that you can use while speaking and specific linking words for IELTS Writing Task 1 and 2.

• They make the paragraph clear
• They provide cohesion to the written piece
• Help in illustrating how the parts or clauses of a text are connected
• They add more information to a point.
• Help in expressing opinion or purpose
• They help in constructing a suitable conclusion
• Linking words are excellent grammatical and stylistic tools that make your writing or speech clear and keep it fluent and cohesive.

The significant difference between linkers in the speaking and the writing task is that the writing linkers are more formal.

Similarly, in the Writing Task, 25% of marks are given for coherence and cohesion. You will be assessed on your range, accuracy, and flexibility of using linking words in various contexts throughout your report and essay.

Though there is a wide range of linking words to choose from, you must not go overboard with these words and try to use them in moderation. Therefore, in our next section, we will tell you how to use connecting words for IELTS.

How To Correctly Use Connecting Words For IELTS

It is essential to know that linking words, also known as connecting words, cannot be used everywhere. Also, the usage of linking words for IELTS speaking is quite different from IELTS writing linking words. For e.g., you can use the linker ‘like’ in the speaking test, but words like therefore, hereby, and notwithstanding work better in writing. In most cases, linking words are used as conjunctions followed by a comma. Remember that the linking words should come naturally to you while speaking and not give the examiner an impression that you have plugged them intentionally. Some of the key factors to remember while using the linking words for IELTS are:

• Avoid overuse  – This is perhaps one of the most common mistakes students make, using linkers for IELTS in every sentence. Though the grammar may be correct, using such words excessively will make you sound robotic. Therefore, the first suggestion is to avoid using these words if you don’t need them.
• Use them accurately  – As already mentioned, there are hundreds of options to choose from. Therefore, you must connect your ideas using the right words or phrases.
• Have variety  – There may be a particular linker that you frequently use in your writing or speech. Even if it fits perfectly in every context, it will not fetch you higher marks. Therefore, get in the habit of using a variety of linkers for IELTS. The more you highlight practice and test, the better you will get at using connecting words.
• Replace ‘ahhs’ and ‘umms’ with linkers  – Using ‘Ummm or ‘aaa’ in your speaking test will signal that you are not fluent in English. If you do not want to lose out on your score, try using linkers when you are stuck in the middle of your speech.

Linking Words For the IELTS Speaking Task

When you use linking words for IELTS speaking test, as well as making your shorter answers sound more polished, they can help you continue in the Speaking Cue Card Task until the examiner asks you to stop.  It will demonstrate your vocabulary range and buy you more time to think and continue speaking for 2 minutes. Using the right amount of linkers words in the IELTS speaking test can help you score 25% marks for cohesion and fluency.

In the IELTS speaking section, you will be answering some questions about yourself and given a task card to speak on a topic. The linkers for IELTS speaking section have two roles. Firstly, they will provide a direction for your thoughts. For e.g., words like ‘although’ or ‘on the other hand’ will signal the listener that you will now be giving an opposite view for a statement.

Secondly, linking words will give you time to think while bridging ideas for the second part of the speaking section – the speaking cue card.

Simple Connectors to use in most questions:

Complex connectors:, 1. adding more information.

• Another reason is

2. Time Phrases

If you need to describe ‘time’ in your speaking task, you can use any of the following linkers.

• At the moment
• Back in the day
• At that time
• When I was little

3. Causes And Solutions

• I suppose the best way to deal with this problem is
• The main reason is
• It was caused by
• One way to solve this could be

4. Expressing Ideas / stating an opinion

• I think one important thing is
• I suppose the main difference is
• In my view, the key point is
• I believe that

5. Giving Examples

• For instance
• For example

6. Contrasting/Opposite

• On the other hand

7. To Agree or Express Disagreement

• I couldn’t disagree more
• I can’t agree with that
• I quite agree that
• Well, exactly

8. Signpost Words

Signposting words and phrases will help guide the examiner through the information, especially for longer answers.

• To begin with
• Unfortunately
• Nonetheless
• Fundamentally
• Incidentally
• Furthermore

Linking Words For IELTS Academic Writing Task 1

In Academic Writing Task 1, you analyse and report the data given in the tables, charts, graphs, diagrams, and make comparisons. You need to demonstrate solid paragraphing and essay skills, for which you will need  IELTS writing linking words .

Here are a few examples to help you in IELTS Academic Writing task 1

Starting a paragraph

• According to the graph/figures
• Overall, it is clear that
• It can be seen that
• It is noticeable that
• In contrast, ________ does not follow this trend.

Linking Words That Will Help You To Connect Your Ideas:

1. contrast words.

• In contrast
• whereas/while

2. Linking Phrases

• In addition
• Overall, it could be seen that
• According to the data
• It is clear that

3. Time Expressions

• in the year 2000
• at the end/beginning of the period
• over/throughout/during the period in question
• between 1998 and 2000

4. The Last Paragraph

• To conclude

5. Describing A Process

• After this,
• The first step is that
• Following this
• Firstly, Secondly, Finally
• The following step is that
• The next step is that
• At the first stage

6. Describing A Map

• It is clear that the principal change was
• According to the map,
• One more striking change is
• Another notable development was

Linking Words For IELTS Writing Task 2

Writing Task 2 for Academic and General IELTS requires students to write a formal essay. The 5 categories of essays include

• Agree/Disagree
• Problem-Solution
• Advantage/Disadvantage
• Two-part question.

Linking words for IELTS gives structure to your ideas. They will also help you to introduce and articulate your thoughts in ways that support your argument, which will form the basis of your discursive essay.

Some examples of linking words for IELTS Writing Task 2.

• Firstly, secondly, thirdly
• First, furthermore, finally
• To begin, to conclude

2. Adding more information

• What is more

3. Similarity

4. giving examples.

• As follows:

5. Cause and consequence

• On account of
• For this/that reason
• In that case

6. Generalizing

• On the whole

7. Expressing An Alternative/contrast

Alternatively.

• The alternative is
• Another possibility would be
• Nevertheless
• In spite of

8. Conclusion

• In conclusion
• To summarise

Linking Words Mastery: Try Our Online IELTS Essay Checker

Using the right linking words is key for a good IELTS essay. But sometimes, it’s hard to be sure if we are using them right. Is there a way to check? Yes, there is! We have a special tool just for you. It’s called the online IELTS essay checker .

This tool is very helpful. You write your essay and put it in the tool. It then tells you what is good and what you can improve. This way, you get better faster. The best part? Our tool can help you save money.

Many people spend a lot on classes or books to improve their writing. But our online IELTS essay checker doesn’t cost much and helps you right away. After learning linking words on this page, use our online IELTS essay checker . It will show you how to use the words correctly in your essays.

In short, if you want to write good essays and save money, our online IELTS essay checker is for you. It’s easy to use and very helpful. We wish you all the best with your IELTS writing. Keep practicing and good luck!

• Avoid using formal linking words when speaking about yourself in the IELTS Speaking Test.
• Do not use the linking word ‘like’ in the writing tasks. You should only use it (occasionally!) in your speaking test to give examples.
• You will not get high scores for using a range of linking words if they do not fit the context so make sure you don’t use speaking linkers in writing task 1 or 2.
• Don’t worry too much about repeating some linking words while speaking. However, this will not be the case in the writing task. For the writing task, you need to show your proficiency in using different formal linking words.
• As mentioned earlier, connecting words for IELTS should fall in place naturally during your speaking test.
• In short, the more you practice speaking and writing, the more natural you will sound and the higher you will score.

The ultimate IELTS linking words guide

Using linking words in your writing exam task 2 is essential.

Linking words help to connect your sentences and paragraphs. They help to build a logical flow and signal the relationship between sentences and paragraphs. In the writing exam, coherence and cohesion count for 25% of your marks, so using linking words and discourse markers are a must.

Linking words are also expressed as discourse markers, so if you see this you'll know its another term for linking words. Is there a difference between them? No. Linking words, connectives and discourse markers all share the same purpose- to connect and bind sentences together so that the desired meaning is created.

The only difference is that some discourse markers (linking words) are more formal than others. They aren't used too often in our speech unless a level of formality needs to be used.

For example, a presidential speech would use a range of more formal discourse markers because, it's a formal speech, it is intended to reach millions and we can assume the subject is an important, and serious one.

As important as they are, also be aware of the over-use of linking words. Students often feel that they need to stud their writing with as many linking words as possible but by doing this, you put your writing at risk of being inauthentic. You want your writing to be as natural as possible.

Linking words resource

Discourse markers examples

• I must admit - to confess something is true.

I must admit, I went in thinking I'd hate it, but it was one of the best films i've seen.

• Well - time to think, ruminating on an idea/point

Well, it's not something I would be likely to do, but I think it makes sense in your case

• My point is - personal opinion

My point is that it has had more positive outcomes than negative outcomes

• What I’m getting at is - personal opinion

His point is a good one but what i'm trying to get at, is that we need more case studies for the research to continue

• I mean/I guess - personal opinion

I guess I could join if I cancelled my earlier plans

I mean the food was ok, but I wouldn't recommend the restaurant to my friends

• Right/anyway/so - to start, end or change the topic

So, let's do a head-count to check everyone is here before we begin

Right, if take both sides of the argument we can conclude that...

What's wrong with that, anyway?

Linking words sentence examples

• Because of the council’s decision to cut budgets, our street lights now switch off by 7pm
• As well as washing our hands, we can also maintain social distance to keep safe
• Presently, I drive to work but going forward, I will cycle to work to do my part in helping the environment
• Even though the weather forecast warned of heavy rain, the intrepid couple still decided to go ahead with their wedding day
• Not very funny admittedly - but true
• The warmer a place is, generally speaking , the more plants and animals it will support
• As far as I know , the arrangement still stands
• The course will have to be repeated owing to pressure of applicants
• The student’s essay was badly written. Moreover, the ideas weren't explored enough
• After I pass, my memoirs will elucidate my life and all that I experienced
• Talking to someone has helped clarify my feelings
• My car broke down and consequently I was so late that the entire meeting went ahead without me
• Despite his wealth, he is close-fisted

Discourse markers in extended writing

I have written a short fictional story to display the use of connectives. Please note that not every single linking word has been used. But read through this and notice how the connectives help to bind sentences together and help to build larger segments of meaning.

Despite people’s warnings, he had decided to go ahead with the journey. This was something he had been planning for as long as he could remember. Admittedly , he had been caught off guard by some of the stories he’d heard. But that was just it. They were stories. Things that couldn’t be proved. Jim didn't pay too much attention to them. Even though it was a dangerous expedition to do, Jim had to do it. Sailing round the world was something he had been dreaming of ever since he was a child. He knew the sea better than most people and knew this was a task very few people could do. And he was one of them.

Besides, his marine friend Joe, would be on the journey and he was the perfect person for it. Not only was he his oldest friend, but he had been on the water almost every day of his life for the past twenty odd years. His knowledge of boats was unquestionable and his knowledge of the arctic route was extensive.

From the offset , both men were of an age where an expedition wouldn't be recommended, Jim had recovered from a stroke months before and their boat was almost as old as Jim. But Jim and Joe were no ordinary men. In spite of the talk around town, they declared their date and the towns people began to show, first in small pockets, then in droves. They laboured for weeks preparing the boat and due to their scrubbing, turning, lifting, yanking, and hauling for weeks, the boat was finally ready to set sail.

Finally , the day came. Jim and Joe stood proudly before their boat as the townspeople gave them gifts and tokens to keep them safe on their journey. As the men boarded their boat and looked on at the quiet, sniffling crowd before them, they felt a pang of trepidation. From the crowd, a slow clap began to build and it quickly erupted into a hearty cheer and applause that continued on as the men began to glide on water, and the cheering figures grew smaller and smaller.

Now , it was Jim, Joe and the wide, open, endless sea.

• Write your own piece of writing (a description of your day, a short story, a review of a film you have recently watched), with linking words
• Identify linking words in transcripts of famous speeches
• Identify linking words in news reports and articles

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Cohesive Devices: Your Ultimate Guide to Effective IELTS Writing

Introduction.

Cohesive devices, sometimes called linking words, linkers, connectors, discourse markers or transitional words, are one of the most misunderstood and misused parts of IELTS Writing.

Cohesive devices are words like ‘ For example ‘, ‘ In conclusion ‘, ‘ however ‘ and ‘ moreover ‘. Together with coherence, cohesion provides 25% of your marks in both parts of the Writing test. However, most students have not been taught how to use them effectively.

This post will look at how and, more importantly, when we should use them.

What are cohesive devices?

Cohesive devices tell the reader what we are doing in a sentence and help to guide them through our writing. They signal to the reader the relationships between the different clauses, sentences and paragraphs.

Let’s look at two examples below.

The public transport in this city is unreliable and it’s cheap. The public transport in this city is unreliable but it’s cheap.

The sentences above have two cohesive devices: ‘and’ and ‘but’. Both give the reader different signals and change the meaning of the sentence.

The first sentence tells the reader that ‘it’s cheap’ is being added to the previous information; however, the second sentence tells the reader that they are giving a contrasting opinion to the first part of the sentence by using the word ‘but’.

In other words, the second sentence says, ‘it’s unreliable (which is bad), but the good thing about it is it’s cheap, so I don’t mind using it.’ Simply using the word ‘but’ conveys that whole message without needing to say it literally.

This makes our message more succinct and our writing easier to read. But does that mean we should use as many cohesive devices as possible?

Overusing Cohesive Devices

The biggest mistake many students make is to use cohesive devices in nearly every sentence.

If you look at the IELTS Writing Marking Criteria, it states that a Band 7 ‘ uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use ‘. This is typical of a student who knows the meaning and how to use cohesive devices but thinks that using them as much as possible will get them a high mark.

However, using them too often leads to students using them incorrectly. It is stated for Band 5 that ‘ makes inadequate, inaccurate or overuse of cohesive devices’ . In my experience, most students get a Band 5 in this category for this reason. They think that using them as much as possible will get them a high mark, but don’t consider the meaning and how each of them should be used in a sentence.

Band 8 and 9 students tend to only use cohesive devices when necessary and use them appropriately and effectively, i.e. correct meaning and grammar. In fact, many students have criticised Band 9 answers because ‘they don’t have enough discourse markers’. Take a look at the extract below from an academic journal (The Power of Human Rights by Stephen C. Ropp).

This extract is about 200 words long. How many cohesive devices can you see?

Most IELTS students will not be able to produce writing to this very high standard, but you should remember that you don’t get extra marks for lots of cohesive devices; the most important thing is using them accurately (grammar) and appropriately (meaning).

Meaning and Grammar

The next problem students have is learning long lists of cohesive devices and not learning the meaning of each word or how it should be used in a sentence. If you use the wrong word, it confuses the reader, and this lowers your mark for both coherence and grammar. It is better to use no word than use a word incorrectly.

My advice is to not learn long lists of words. The list below is more than you will ever need, and learning more than this will probably confuse you or take up time that could be used to learn something else. In a 250-word essay, you might give 2-3 examples at the most, so why would you learn 10 different ways to give an example? You only have one conclusion, so it seems like a waste of time to learn 5 different ways to do this.

Learn just the words you need and learn them 100%. By 100%, I mean that you know exactly what that word means, when it should be used in a sentence and how it should be used in a sentence. Until you know all of this 100%, don’t use it.

Finally, don’t try to use very complicated words and expressions if you are not already comfortable with the simple terms. Being able to use ‘ and ‘ or ‘ but ‘ effectively is much better than trying to use more complicated words incorrectly. Again, look at some academic texts or good IELTS sample answers; simple words are used more often than not.

How to Improve

You can’t simply learn a long list of words and then hope you can use these correctly in an essay. That would be like Ronaldo telling you how he scores so many goals and thinking you can do the same thing by just listening to him.

Also, you can’t look at just one example sentence and hope to learn everything you need to know about that word.

If you want to improve, do the following :

• Reading is the number one way to learn new words. Good writers read a lot; it’s that simple. Pick a topic you are interested in and read a little every day. 20 minutes is enough. Note down any cohesive devices and how they are used in each sentence.
• Check the meaning and grammar of each word on sites like the British Council or BBC . You will find lots of explanations there and example sentences.
• Practice using these and then have your writing checked by an experienced IELTS teacher .

If you do the following, you will slowly learn how to use cohesive devices effectively. I wish there was a faster way, but like most things in life, hard work and practice is the best and only solution.

Below is a list of more cohesive devices than you will ever need to do well on the IELTS Writing test.

If you want to see how I use them in sample IELTS answers check out our model answers for Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2 .

I hope you found this article useful. If you have any questions or comments, join the conversation on our Facebook page .

For more help with IELTS, please check out IELTS Preparation- The Ultimate Guide .

About Christopher Pell

My name is Christopher Pell and I'm the Managing Director of IELTS Advantage.

I started IELTS Advantage as a simple blog to help 16 students in my class. Several years later, I am very humbled that my VIP Course has been able to help thousands of people around the world to score a Band 7+ in their IELTS tests.

If you need my help with your IELTS preparation, you can send me an email using the contact us page.

Linking Words & Connectors For IELTS Writing Task 2

May 7, 2024 | IELTS Test

Linking Words & Connectors For IELTS Writing Task 2

Linking words are an indispensable tool for crafting a successful  IELTS Writing Task 2  essay. Their proper use facilitates coherence, clarity, and cohesion in your writing, essential qualities that can distinguish your work from others. Any IELTS examiner will need to see evidence in your work that you have used a number of linking words correctly for them to award you the highest marks for Coherence and Cohesion (worth 25% of your overall grade in the essay).

It is vital to use linking words effectively when writing any essay (though especially for IELTS Writing Task 2). These words help to make your essay more engaging and add a good amount of stylistic effect to its overall tone. Linking words are there to connect different pieces of information and to present your own opinion.

What Are Linking Words?

Linking words help connect different ideas or thoughts within a sentence or between sentences. They help organise your writing and make it easier for the reader to follow by showing the relationships between different ideas and creating a smoother flow of thought.

Simple linking words can enhance communication in various ways. For instance, if you want to add more information to something you just said, you can use the linking word ‘ also’ . Similarly, when you want to indicate a contrast between two ideas, you can use ‘ however’ . Lastly, to provide an example to support your argument, use ‘for instance.’

Using linking words effectively in your writing helps you improve the clarity and organisation of your ideas, making it easier for the reader to understand and follow your argument. These kinds of words also help to demonstrate your ability to use a variety of sentence structures and  vocabulary , which is important in communicating effectively, especially when it comes to IELTS Writing Task 2.

Why Are Linking Or Connecting Words Crucial For IELTS Writing?

Using linking words or connecting words is crucial for IELTS Writing as they help to establish coherence and cohesion. 

Using Connectors In Writing Allows You To:

• Show the connection between ideas: Linking words and phrases can be used to show how different ideas are related to each other. For example, ‘Moreover’, ‘Furthermore’, and ‘In addition’ can be used to add information to support a previous point.
• Sequence ideas: Using words like ‘Firstly’, ‘Secondly’, and ‘Lastly’ helps to structure your writing and make it easier for the reader to follow the flow of your ideas.
• Show cause and effect: Words like ‘Because’, ‘Due to’, ‘As a result’, and ‘Therefore’ can help to show the relationship between cause and effect, which is particularly important in the academic Writing task.
• Compare and contrast ideas: Words like ‘However’, ‘On the other hand’, and ‘In contrast’ can be used to compare and analyse different ideas or opinions.

List Of Connectors For IELTS Writing

Below, we have put together a table that details the different types of linking words for IELTS Writing, their uses, and some examples that can be used for each category.

Examples Of Connecting Words For IELTS Writing In Sentences

Now that we have listed some of the different linking words and phrases, let’s look at how to use them in the correct context.

Levels Of Significance 

These words help us to bring attention to the most important points we are making in our essay. By applying an order of relevance to certain passages, we can easily show the examiner or reader the most crucial elements of our argument.

Most Importantly:  “ Most importantly, the success of this project depends on our ability to meet the deadline.”

Above All:  “Above all, we must prioritise the needs of our customers to ensure their satisfaction with our products and services.”

Similarity 

Using these connecting words helps discuss how two connecting parts of the text share similarities. This way, you can easily make the essay flow better for the reader.

Likewise:  “Likewise, effective communication is essential in the workplace.”

Equally:  “Equally important to a healthy work-life balance is the need for regular physical activity. “

Listing words help put different bodies of text in a chronological order or can be used inside paragraphs to help list out the most valuable points.

Firstly:  “Firstly, in order to understand the causes and effects of climate change, it is important to have a solid understanding of the basic science behind it, including the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, and global energy balance.”

Furthermore:  “I am impressed by your qualifications and experience. Furthermore, your passion for the industry and innovative ideas make you an ideal candidate for this position.”

Providing Examples

These words help to clarify and expand upon your ideas by providing concrete and specific examples that demonstrate the validity of your point. Using linking words to provide examples allows readers to understand your argument better and visualise it.

For example:  “There are many ways to reduce stress levels, such as regular exercise, meditation, spending time in nature, and engaging in creative hobbies. For example, studies have shown that practising yoga or mindfulness meditation can have significant benefits for reducing stress and improving overall well-being.”

To cite an example:  “To cite an example, in the field of artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms are being used to develop more accurate and efficient predictive models, such as those used in natural language processing, computer vision, and autonomous systems.”

Expanding Upon Information

Just as giving examples helps to reinforce your point to the reader, using connecting phrases that allow you to provide more information on a topic will help establish the strength of your argument in your writing.

In Addition:  “In addition to ethical concerns, there is also evidence to suggest that capital punishment does not serve as an effective deterrent to crime and that there is a risk of executing innocent people, making the case for its abolition.”

Moreover:  “Moreover, the study of history provides valuable insight into past societal, cultural, and political norms and their impact on the present, and helps to inform and shape our future decisions and actions.”

Giving A Reason

These connecting and linking words help to explain why you are making a certain point to the reader; however, unlike opinion-connecting words, these do not explicitly state your opinion on the topic.

Given that:  “Given that tourism is a big part of many economies, it’s important to find a balance between economic growth and responsible tourism that doesn’t harm the environment or local communities.”

Because:  “Businesses can operate worldwide because of technology and transportation advancements, leading to more international trade, cultural exchange, and connections between nations.”

Making A Generalisation

Sometimes, the point we want to make or explain in our writing is less specific and concerns a group of people or an overall presumption rather than a specific opinion. This means using connecting words that explain to the reader that the next passage is a generalisation.

In General:  “In general, video games are enjoyed by many people around the world as a form of entertainment and leisure activity.”

Broadly Speaking:  “Broadly speaking, the job market can be divided into different sectors such as healthcare, technology, finance, and manufacturing, each with their own unique opportunities and challenges.”  

In the same way that we spoke about levels of significance being important, emphatic connecting words and phrases in the right context are also important. These terms help to drive home to the reader the extent to which we agree or disagree with a statement – something we are asked to do in certain questions. 

Undoubtedly:  “Crime is a complex issue that needs a multifaceted approach to address the root causes. These include poverty, inequality, and lack of education. Individuals also need to be held accountable through a fair and just criminal justice system. Undoubtedly, this is a challenging task.”

Beyond any doubt:  “It is Beyond any doubt that fashion plays a significant role in our society, influencing the way we express ourselves as well as helping us to communicate our identities.”

Contrasting

Using linking words to compare and contrast different opinions or viewpoints in your essay is crucial, especially on the academic test in Writing Task 2. In this version of the test, you might be asked to provide conflicting points of view on a topic while also stating your own opinion. Therefore, it is of vital importance that you can use connecting words to contrast correctly.

Alternatively:  “We could prevent global warming by reducing our energy needs, or alternatively, we could use more renewable energy.”

On the other hand:   “On the one hand, public transport is an affordable and environmentally friendly way to get around cities, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. On the other hand, it can also be unreliable and inconvenient, with limited routes and schedules that may not meet the needs of all commuters.”

As with the above example of contrasting opinions, the academic version of Writing Task 2 may require you to demonstrate and argue your opinion on a topic. This means that you need to be able to effectively use linking words that allow you to make clear you are referencing your own thoughts and beliefs.

In my opinion:  In my opinion, choosing to follow a vegetarian diet can be a positive step towards promoting sustainable and ethical food practices as well as reducing the environmental impact of meat production.”

I disagree that:  “I disagree that childhood obesity is solely the result of poor individual choices, as there are often broader societal and environmental factors that contribute to this issue, such as lack of access to healthy foods, sedentary lifestyles, and marketing of unhealthy foods to children.”

Dismissive connective phrases can help create a more engaging and persuasive argument by allowing the writer to present their own perspective in a clear and assertive way. They are also a good way to demonstrate your own opinion to the reader by critiquing a point of view that you believe to be wrong.

In spite of this:  “Many people enjoy the convenience and variety of options that come with online shopping. In spite of this, it is important to recognise the negative impacts that online shopping can have on local businesses, the environment, and even personal finances.”

Concentrating

In a similar way to using linking phrases for emphasis when writing an essay, you will also need to be able shed light on the connections between different ideas and arguments you are putting forward. Through linking phrases, you can signal to the reader how different parts of the essay are related and why they are important. This helps the reader follow your essay’s logic and understand how the different pieces of evidence contribute to the overall thesis or argument.

Regarding:  “Working from home has become increasingly common in recent years, with many companies offering flexible work arrangements to their employees. Regarding this trend, it is important to consider the benefits and challenges of remote work for both employers and employees.”

When it comes to:  “When it comes to recycling, it is important to understand the environmental benefits of reusing materials and reducing waste, as well as the practical challenges of implementing recycling programs in different communities.”

Just like listing keywords, using linking words to conclude your essay is vital for guiding the reader through your writing. Employing phrases that signal the end of your essay and prepare the reader for the summary helps maintain clarity and unity in your writing.

In Summary:   “ In summary, the tourism industry plays a significant role in many countries economies, but it also poses a number of environmental and social challenges that need to be addressed”

In Conclusion:  “In conclusion, while the internet has revolutionised the way we communicate, learn, and conduct business, it also presents a number of challenges, such as privacy concerns, cybersecurity threats, and online harassment.”

What Is The Right Amount Of Linking Words To Use In IELTS Writing?

Whether taking the  general or the academic versions of the IELTS test , the general rule of thumb should be to use these linking words sparingly and only when their use is necessary to help connect ideas or to clarify relationships between different parts of the essay. Many test candidates overuse connectives.

As well as this, you should also focus on using a range of different connecting words for IELTS, rather than relying on a handful of more common phrases. By doing so, you can signal to the examiner that you have a higher level of vocabulary and understand how to use many linking words in their correct contexts, rather than having just memorised a select few.

Still Struggling With Using Linking Words For IELTS Writing?

If you’ve read through all of the information we have above, and still feel that you’re no closer to mastering the use of connectors for IELTS, then we have a huge range of resources available to you which can help improve your IELTS Writing ability and at the same time your band score.

Learning Linking Words With Our IELTS Writing Corrections

One of the most effective ways we can help candidates struggling with using linking words in their IELTS Writing is through our Writing Corrections service. 

By identifying mistakes, explaining the errors we have identified and providing you with examples of how to use connecting words and phrases correctly – our personalised feedback helps you better know where you are going wrong and then allows you to revise which words you can use to make sure you hit the band score you need. 

Purchase IELTS Corrections

Tailored IELTS Lessons For Using Connectors In Writing Correctly

As online IELTS tutors, we can also put together tailored lesson packages that focus on building your knowledge of the different linking words and phrases and how to use them correctly. As tutors, we have seen many people fall short of their band score due to poor  cohesion and coherence , and examiners have marked them down due to over- or under-using keywords or using them incorrectly. 

By providing instructions in one-to-one lessons on how to use different types of connectors, we can help you understand the different functions of connectors and how to use them effectively. We can also provide practice exercises for you to apply the knowledge gained in our sessions, helping you learn the correct uses of connecting words through guided repetition. Finally, our lessons provide model essays that demonstrate effective use of connectors in writing, helping you to learn by example and develop your writing skills from these.

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Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2: What is Linking Words in IELTS?

You have probably heard that the most important aspect of good writing is the effective employment of linking words. This is because short and choppy sentences lack drama whereas long sentences make a tedious read. Using linking words is a grammatically correct and stylistically effective way to connect ideas and sentences.

One of the criteria you are judged on in IELTS writing task 2 is coherence and cohesion. Now let us explore the IELTS linking words and how linking words for IELTS add coherence to a sentence.

What is Linking Words in IELTS?

Linking words or Transition words are Adverbs that act as conjunctions. They are the easiest and the most effective ways to connect ideas in a sentence. Using linking words in writing makes it much more appealing. Few examples are: Nevertheless, Particularly, Thus, Naturally, etc.

Why do We use Linking Words or Connectors for Writing Task?

Linking words are a fantastic grammatical as well as a stylistic tool to make your writing sing! Here are a few functions of linking words:

• Linking words are essential to make your writing clear.
• Provide cohesion to the writing.
• Illustrate how the clauses/ parts of the text are related to each other.
• Add extra information to the main point, like contrast, emphasis or a list of examples.
• They help express purpose and opinion.
• They help make a suitable conclusion.

Also Read: Check These Vocabulary Words for IELTS Speaking to Boost-up Your Band Score

How to Use Linking Words Correctly in IELTS?

It must be remembered before you start using linking words or linker for IELTS randomly, that linking words are emphatic. Therefore, should be used in moderation, if not sparingly. Here are some ways you can use linking words in IELTS writing task-

• They show the logical connection between clauses, sentences or paragraphs, therefore you cannot go overboard with them.
• Their position in a sentence is like that of conjunction. For example:
• I like fruits, especially mangoes. Or,
• They arranged a ride for us; particularly, for Emma, because she twisted her ankle.
• You should use appropriate linking words. In the examples cited above, you cannot interchange the linking words (written in bold). Remember that, there are specific words for specific actions.
• In most cases linking words are followed by a comma.

List of Connectors for IELTS Writing Task

Coherence and cohesion in your IELTS writing task 2, carries 25% marks , which is quite a lot if you think about it. You need to show a range of linking words so that the examiner can award you a high score. Following is a list of Linking words and their contexts:

Also Read: Worried about Common Grammar Mistakes? Check this out!

How many Linking Words should be used in IELTS Writing?

Make sure your writing contains a good sprinkling of IELTS linking words. Using too much of them would throw off the readers from one thought to another, thus reminding them of a bad roller-coaster ride!

IELTS writing task 2 marks you on:

• Task response
• Coherence and cohesion
• Lexical resource
• Grammar range and accuracy.

Coherence and cohesion alone contain 25% of the full marks. Therefore, to achieve a good score in writing task 2, it is necessary to master linking words. Your examiner will mark you on how well you have used different types of linking words in various contexts. To sum it up, use a wide range of linking words in your writing, but make sure to use them sparingly.

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Shilpa is a professional web content writer and is in deep love with travelling. She completed her mass communication degree and is now dedicatedly playing with words to guide her readers to get the best for themselves. Developing educational content for UPSC, IELTS aspirants from breakthrough research work is her forte. Strongly driven by her zodiac sign Sagittarius, Shilpa loves to live her life on her own notes and completely agrees with the idea of ‘live and let live. Apart from writing and travelling, most of the time she can be seen in the avatar of 'hooman' mom to her pets and street dogs or else you can also catch her wearing the toque blanche and creating magic in the kitchen on weekends.

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Linking Words & Cohesive Devices for IELTS

Linking words, also known as cohesive devices or simply connecting words, are the words that help you better connect ideas and make your language more fluent.

Knowing linking words for IELTS is like having a powerful secret tool in your pocket that you can use to improve your score.

If you show that you can effectively use linking words in the IELTS writing and speaking test, it will help you boost your score.

It is worth learning linking words since this is the easiest way to raise your IELTS band score to the next level.

Linking Words for IELTS Writing and Speaking

To list points.

• Firstly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• In the first place, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• To start with, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Secondly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Thirdly, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.
• Finally, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws which were written twenty years ago.

To add more points on a topic

• What is more, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should also conduct inspections of zoos.
• Apart from this/that / In addition to this, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Moreover, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• Besides, the city should conduct inspections of zoos.
• The city should conduct inspections of zoos too .
• ... not to mention the fact that the city should conduct inspections of zoos.

To list advantages/disadvantages

• One of the greatest advantages of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• Another great advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• One other advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• A further advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The main advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
• The first/greatest advantage of regular exercise is that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.

To express effect/phrases for a result

• Lots of factories have closed down; therefore , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; thus , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; consequently , many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down so many people have lost their jobs.
• Lots of factories have closed down; as a consequence , many people have lost their jobs.
• As a result, ... / Eventually, ...

To make contrasting points

• Killing endangered species is illegal; nevertheless , people will not stop hunting them.
• In spite of the fact that killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal, but people will not stop hunting them.
• While killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even if killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Even though killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Although killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them.
• Killing endangered species is illegal; at the same time , people will not stop hunting them.

To emphasise what you say

• Clearly, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• Obviously, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• Of course, research has proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.
• In particular, researchers have proved that eating healthy foods and exercising regularly reduces the risk of heart disease.

To express reality

• Actually, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• As a matter of fact, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• In practice, the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.
• The fact of the matter is the report states that most college graduates are interested in pursuing a masters' degree in the future.

To express the difference between appearance and reality

• On the face of it, the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection, it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.
• Apparently, the building looked safe, but after a detailed inspection, it was reported to be in need of major structural repairs.

To state an argument against your opinion

• It is popularly believed that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• People often claim that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is often alleged that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.
• It is fact that the teaching profession needs more qualified educators.

To state other people's opinions

• Some people argue that the mayor's proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.
• A lot of people think/believe that the mayor's proposal to raise local taxes is unfair.

To introduce the other side of the argument

• However, there are people who believe that increasing the school year will only overwork students.
• Those who oppose increasing the school year claim that it will only overwork students.

To express balance

• On the one hand, working for a large company is prestigious, but it can be very stressful.
• Working for a large company is prestigious, but on the other hand, it can be very stressful.
• John is a hard-working person, whereas Ann isn't.

To give examples

• For example, in the past six months retailers have reported a 25% drop in sales of electronic equipment.
• For instance, ... / In particular, ... / To illustrate, ...

To refer to what actually happens

• In effect, consumers spend more money on luxury items.

To make general statements

• Generally, girls get better exam results than boys.
• In general, girls get better exam results than boys.
• As a general rule, girls get better exam results than boys.
• On the whole, girls get better exam results than boys.

To make partly correct statements

• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, up to a point, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, to a certain extent, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, in a way, tried to create more positions.
• Considering the high rate of unemployment, some companies have, in a sense, tried to create more positions.

To express limit of knowledge

• To the best of my knowledge, residents were opposed to the city's plan to build a nuclear power plant in their area.
• For all I know residents were opposed to the city's plan to build a nuclear power plant in the area.

To rephrase

• That is to say, they disagree with the manager's decision.

To bring up other points or aspects

• Regarding the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• With regards to the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.
• As for the community, the area is in need of a new elementary school.

To express a personal opinion

• To my mind/way of thinking, department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I personally believe department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It strikes me that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I feel very strongly that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• I am inclined to believe that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• It seems to me that department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
• As far as I am concerned department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.

To refer to other sources

• With reference to, this report, that brand of sun cream causes irritation to sensitive skin.

To express cause

• Because of the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• Owing to the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
• For this reason, many crops were destroyed.

To imply that nothing else needs to be said

• Anyway, a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.
• In any case, a new community centre will greatly benefit the people of the town.

Accepting the situation

• As it is, the situation cannot be improved.
• Things being as they are, the situation cannot be improved.

To conclude

• Finally, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Lastly, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Above all, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All in all, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• Taking everything into account, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• On the whole, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• All things considered, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• In conclusion, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As I have said, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• As was previously stated, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
• To sum up, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.

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Linking Words for IELTS Essay Writing

Presenting your opinion:, agree/ disagree:, giving examples: , listing points: , reasons and causes: , adding information:, results and consequences: , to indicate time:, highlighting & emphasising: , presenting contrast:, presenting comparison: , linking words for conclusion:.

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Exams Know-how

IELTS Linking Words: Connectors for IELTS Writing 2024

Where should I use linking words in the sentence?

Most linking words function as conjunctions, so they go at the start of the clause they connect. For example: Therefore, we should reduce plastic usage. However, some can also be used in the middle of a sentence. For example: Plastic usage, therefore, should be reduced.

Do I need a comma after linking words?

In most cases, you should put a comma after the linking word when used at the start of a clause. However, some can be used without a comma, too.

What if I don't know an appropriate linking word?

Don't try to force a linking word. It's better to have a simple connection than use the wrong word. Focus on learning commonly used linking words for IELTS.

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Free English Lessons

Ielts writing linking words and phrases – video.

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In this lesson, you can learn how to use linking words and phrases in the IELTS writing exam.

Linking words and phrases are important for your ielts writing, especially for the ielts writing task 2 essay . using linking words well can make a big difference to your coherence and cohesion score, which is 25% of your writing score., even if you’re not preparing for an ielts exam and just want to improve your english writing generally, this lesson could help you, quiz: ielts writing linking words and phrases.

Test your understanding of the lesson with this quiz!

There are 20 questions. Press ‘Finish Quiz’ at the end to see your score.

You can then choose ‘View Questions’ to review all the answers, or ‘Restart Quiz’ to try again.

Quiz Summary

0 of 20 Questions completed

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Click ‘view questions’ to see the correct answers and explanations for each question.

1 . Question

Write one word in the space.

to rising salary expectations, it is becoming increasingly expensive for companies to recruit qualified staff.

The word has three letters.

2 . Question

Governments should make it easier for people of working age to save for retirement, so people can live independently in old age.

The word has four letters.

3 . Question

Write four words in the space.

, modern communications technology makes it easier to get in touch with people, even if they live in another country. On the other hand, needing to respond to messages and emails at all times of day is bad for people’s work-life balance.

The words have two, three, three and four letters.

4 . Question

Write three words in the space.

Young professionals are moving to urban centres in increasing numbers, in fact that the cost of living is rising faster than average salaries, and competition for high-paying jobs is fierce.

The words have five, two and three letters.

5 . Question

Unfortunately, we were unable to catch our flight _________ the rail delays, which made it impossible to get to the airport on time.

• in spite of

The linking word indicates a reason.

6 . Question

Dieting has been shown in multiple studies to be an ineffective way of losing weight. ________, people who try to lose weight by dieting often end up gaining the weight back, plus some extra.

• In addition to

The linking word introduces an additional related idea.

7 . Question

Companies should allow employees to set their own working schedules, ________ workers can have more control over their work-life balance, and also work in accordance with their natural rhythms, which vary from one individual to another.

• in order to
• in addition

The linking words indicate a reason.

8 . Question

Investing in public transport infrastructure, such as subway systems or trams, is an effective way of reducing traffic congestion in large cities, ________ it is undeniably expensive.

• nevertheless
• on the other hand

There is a clause (subject + verb) after the gap, so you need to choose the conjunction.

9 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases can be used to show addition?

• furthermore

Choose two answers.

10 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases can be used to show contrast?

• consequently

Choose three answers.

11 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases are conjunctions?

• in spite of the fact that

There’s only one correct answer this time. A conjunction is a word that goes before a clause (subject + verb); two of the incorrect answers are adverbs and two are prepositions.

12 . Question

Which of these linking words/phrases are adverbs?

Four answers are adverbs, so there’s only one that you do not need to choose – it’s a preposition.

13 . Question

Move the sentence parts to make a complete sentence.

• Although medical technology
• recent decades,
• life expectancy in many
• parts of the world has
• increased very little.
• has advanced greatly in

View Answers:

14 . Question

• a diet high in sugar,
• eating large quantities of
• to the long-term dangers of
• and lethargy in the short term, too.
• In addition
• sweet food can cause mood swings

15 . Question

• more one- and two-room apartments
• prefer to live alone.
• Many cities are building
• accommodate young professionals,

16 . Question

• Many couples are having fewer
• is falling in many areas.
• demand for school places 
• as a result, 
• not to have children at all; 
• children or even choosing 

17 . Question

True or false: if you use more linking words and phrases in your IELTS writing exam, you will get a higher score.

18 . Question

True or false: if you use a linking word/phrase to join two ideas, then those ideas are automatically connected to each other.

19 . Question

True or false: linking words/phrases can be different parts of speech, meaning that you need to use them in different structures.

20 . Question

True or false: it’s better for your IELTS writing score to use a small number of linking words/phrases well.

Let’s start with a question. You’re thinking about ‘linking words’. Many students ask about ‘linking words’; they ask things like, “What linking words should I use in my IELTS essay?” But what are ‘linking words’, and why are they important?

1. What Do Linking Words Do?

What are linking words? How would you answer this question? First, ‘linking words’ includes both words and phrases. There are single words, like ‘however’, and phrases, like ‘as a result.’ Secondly, linking words can be conjunctions, like ‘and’ or ‘because’, which you use in the middle of a sentence. Linking words can also be adverbs, like ‘consequently’ or ‘on the other hand’, which you generally use at the start of a new sentence.

Next, what do linking words do? Why do you need to use them? This is an important question, but it has a simple answer: linking words make your writing clearer for your reader. That’s it. There’s no other reason to use linking words. Remember this, because many of the problems which IELTS students have with linking words relate to this point. Don’t use linking words because you want to sound academic, or because you want to impress the examiner, or because you think using linking words is necessary to get higher scores. It is necessary to use linking words to get higher scores, but you need to use them in the right way. You use linking words to make the structure of your ideas clearer. What does this mean? Let’s look at an example together. Read this sentence:

• Overreliance on private cars not only leads to more congestion, but also causes severe air pollution in many large cities.

Next, imagine that the next sentence starts with ‘also,’ ‘on the other hand,’ or ‘consequently’. What do these tell you? What do you know if you see that the first word of the next sentence is ‘also’? What’s the difference between using ‘also’ or ‘on the other hand’? These linking words show you the direction of the next sentence. If the next sentence starts with ‘also’, you know that it will add another, similar point. If it starts with ‘on the other hand’, you know that the writer will make a contrasting point. If it starts with ‘consequently’, you know that the writer will describe a result of this situation. This is why you use linking words, and this is why they can be powerful if used correctly. In this example, you can know the general idea of the next sentence before you read it. This makes your writing easier to follow.

Next, let’s look at the details of using linking words well in your IELTS writing tasks.

2. Linking Words by Function

Learning about linking words and phrases for your IELTS writing exam can be overwhelming. There are so many words and phrases: ‘in addition’, ‘although’, ‘except for’, ‘due to’… There are tens of things you could study. However, we’ve got good news for you! You don’t need to learn big lists of words. So, what should you do? The best way is to think about linking words in terms of function. You also need to understand the grammar of the linking words you study, which you’ll learn about in the next section. But first, what do we mean by ‘function’? Many different linking words do the same job. For example, ‘however’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘nevertheless’ and ‘although’ all show a contrast between two related—but different—things. This doesn’t mean they’re exactly the same, but they are similar.

So, what else can linking words do? Linking words can connect similar ideas together. Let’s call this ‘addition’. A very simple example is ‘and’. You can also use ‘furthermore’, ‘in addition’, ‘also’, or ‘moreover’. Linking words can show the reason or purpose of something, like ‘because’, ‘due to’, ‘in order to’, or ‘so that’. You can use linking words to connect a cause and effect, like ‘therefore’, ‘so’, ‘consequently’ or ‘as a result’. There are others, but this is a good starting point. Remember these four functions: contrast, addition, reason or purpose, and cause-effect. Let’s practise! Look at four sentences. Each has a linking word or phrase highlighted in bold. Can you say what function the linking word or phrase has in each sentence?

• In my personal experience, people certainly spend less time reading books than in the past. I think this is due to the variety of digital entertainment options that people have nowadays.
• Eating a high-sugar diet has been linked to several serious diseases, most prominently diabetes. Moreover, it causes tooth decay and dental problems.
• Although advertising is ubiquitous in the modern world, it is also largely ineffective.
• Many schools now spend most of their teaching time preparing children to pass exams. As a result, many young people lack the practical skills which employers are seeking.

Ready? Let’s look at the answers. In the first sentence, ‘due to’ expresses a reason. In the second sentence, ‘moreover’ expresses addition. You’re making one point, then using ‘moreover’ to add a second point on the same topic. In the third sentence, ‘although’ shows a contrast. In the fourth sentence, ‘as a result’ connects a cause and its effect. So, what should you do here? Here’s the most important point: you don’t need to know every linking word and phrase to get a high score in your IELTS writing exam. You need maybe two or three linking words for each function. That means you need two to three linking words to express addition, two to three linking words to express contrast, and so on.

There’s one thing you should know: linking words can have other functions which we haven’t covered here. That’s because we don’t want this lesson to be hours long. Examples include: showing similarity, showing a sequence of events in time, or expressing conditions. However, the basic idea is the same. Don’t try to learn big lists of linking words. Instead, focus on functions. For each function, learn two to three linking words and phrases. This is simpler and easier for you. You should do this now: write down a list of functions, and write down two to three linking words for each. You can use the functions and linking words from this section, or you can add your own. Pause the video and do it now!

Ready? Let’s see what else you need to know to use linking words and phrases well in your IELTS writing exam.

3. Linking Word Grammar

To use a linking word or phrase well in your writing, you need to know two things. One: you need to know the function, which you learned about in the last section. Two: you need to know the grammar of the linking word or phrase. Let’s look at this now!

Linking words and phrases can be divided into three categories. First, some linking words are conjunctions. Most are subordinating conjunctions, meaning that they need to be used in a sentence with at least two clauses. For example, ‘because’ and ‘although’ are both subordinating conjunctions. After these words, you add a clause. Then, you need another, independent clause to complete the sentence. For example:

• I need to ask for some time off work because I am planning to attend a training course.
• Although social media can help people to connect with each other, it also has several significant disadvantages.

Secondly, some linking words are prepositions . This means you need to use a noun after the linking word. ‘Due to’, ‘despite’ and ‘because of’ are all prepositions. For example:

• Despite the well-known health benefits of regular exercise, many people still lead mostly sedentary lifestyles.
• Young professionals are increasingly moving to smaller cities because of the high cost of living in large urban centres.

Finally, many linking words are adverbs, like ‘on the other hand’ or ‘therefore’. These are generally used at the beginning of a sentence. When you use adverbs like this, you need to put a comma afterwards. For example:

• Freedom of the press is more important than individuals’ rights to privacy. Therefore, newspapers should be able to publish stories about the private lives of celebrities if they choose to.
• Of course, elderly people should be paid a pension which reflects the money they paid into the social security system during their working lives. On the other hand, the pension system needs to be sustainable over the long term.

This is most of what you need to know about linking word grammar. Is your linking word or phrase a conjunction, a preposition, or an adverb? We have a task for you! At the end of part two, you wrote down linking words that you wanted to learn. Now, use an online dictionary like Cambridge or Longman , and find out if the words you wrote down are conjunctions, prepositions, or adverbs. Find links to some useful dictionaries on the Oxford Online English Resources page .

Done? There are still a couple of things you need to think about. One problem is that similar-looking words can be different parts of speech. For example, ‘because’ is a conjunction, but ‘because of’ is a preposition. ‘In spite of’ is a preposition, but ‘in spite of the fact that’ is a conjunction. So, don’t assume that linking words are used in the same way just because they look similar. Another problem is that some linking words can be more than one part of speech. For example, ‘so’ can be an adverb or a conjunction. What should you do with this information? Let’s look in more detail!

4. Using Linking Words in Your IELTS Writing

At this point, you hopefully have short lists of linking words, divided by function. You should also know which part of speech each linking word is. Let’s think: why are you doing things in this way? How will this help you in your IELTS writing exam? Here’s what you need to remember: it’s much more effective to know a small number of linking words or phrases and know how to use them really well. Many IELTS students take the opposite path. They learn lots and lots of linking words, but they don’t know how to use them correctly. This won’t help your IELTS writing score. It’s much more important to focus on accuracy.

So, what should you do next? Your next task is to find out exactly how your linking words are used. Linking words with the same function aren’t always the same. Many linking words have a very specific meaning. For example, ‘furthermore’ and ‘besides’ are both used to add information to a topic, but they aren’t the same. Do you know why not? ‘Furthermore’ is used to add a point which is more important than your first idea. For example:

• Using plastic products generates litter which harms the environment. Furthermore, plastic can take hundreds of years to degrade.

In this case, you’re saying that the second point, after ‘furthermore’ is more important than the first point. ‘Besides’ is used to add a point which is often less important than your main idea. For example:

• Smoking has been proven to cause many serious illnesses. Besides, it is an expensive habit.

In this case, you’re saying that the second point, after ‘besides’, is not more important than the first point. You’re adding an extra point which is not essential to your argument. We’re not doing this because you need to learn about ‘furthermore’ and ‘besides’. The point is that every linking word is used in a slightly different way. To improve your IELTS writing score, you need to understand exactly how to use linking words. How can you do this? Here are a few suggestions. First, use online dictionaries to find example sentences. The Cambridge dictionary has many examples for each word.

Next, try to understand what makes this linking word different from other, similar linking words. Is it more formal, or more conversational? Is it only used in very specific situations?

Finally, check your ideas. If you can ask a teacher, then do that. If not, use online resources such as Quora or the Wordreference forums. By the way, you can find links to all the resources mentioned in this lesson below the video. This is a big topic, and there’s a lot of information in this video; however, you haven’t even seen the most important thing about linking words yet…

5. Linking Words and Logic

Here’s the most important idea about linking words: you can’t connect ideas with linking words. What? That doesn’t make sense, you say. What do linking words do if they don’t connect ideas? Linking words don’t connect ideas; they highlight a connection which is already there. They make the connection—which already exists—clearer to your reader. This is important because it’s one of the biggest problems IELTS students have with linking words. IELTS candidates know they need to use linking words, so they do. But, very often, their linking words don’t fit the logic of their ideas. This is a common feature of band six writing.

Here’s an example, which is from a real practice essay written by one of our students:

• On the other hand, one of the major counter argument is that we are living in a consumer society, where trade war is very common between manufacturing companies and countries. For instance, if a vast amount of information is delivered from the mobile giant Apple, then it could lose not only its leadership but also its huge business in this modern sophisticated world.

We see this problem all the time. There’s a linking phrase—‘for instance’—which should be used to introduce an example of the preceding point. But, in this case, the points before and after the linking word are not obviously connected at all. The point after ‘for instance’ is certainly not an example of a trade war between manufacturing companies or countries. Remember: this is very common, and it’s also a common reason why students can’t get scores above six or six point five. If you do this in your writing, your coherence and cohesion score will be limited to six maximum. We’ll say it again: you can’t create a connection by using a linking word or phrase. The connection is already there, in the logic of your ideas. You use the linking word to highlight the connection which already exists.

So, to use linking words well, you need to have a clear understanding of your essay structure and how your ideas are organised. This mostly depends on planning before you start writing your answer. If your ideas aren’t well-organised in your mind, then using linking words won’t help you. Like you heard, this is a big topic, so let’s review what you should do.

• Divide linking words according to the idea they express. Start by learning two to three linking words or phrases for each function.
• Understand the grammar of each linking word; find out what part of speech it is, and how to use it in a sentence.
• Go into more detail. Many words have a similar meaning, but very few words have exactly the same meaning. Most words have unique features which you need to know about if you want to use the word well.
• Practise planning and make sure your ideas are well-organised before you start writing. Effective linking depends on logic and structure, not on the words and phrases you use.

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon, and thanks for watching!

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IELTS Band 9 – Linking Words (Connectives)

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Conjunctions

A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: e.g. subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, sentence+sentence.

When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element.

Correlative conjunctions also connect sentence elements of the same kind: however, unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs.

Subordinating conjunctions, the largest class of conjunctions, connect subordinate clauses to a main clause. These conjunctions are adverbs used as conjunctions.

The following tables show examples of the various types of conjunctions and some sample sentences using the conjunctions. Since coordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions are closed sets of words, all are included in the list. Subordinating conjunctions are a larger class of words; therefore, only a few of the more common ones are included in this list.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

An easy way to remember these six conjunctions is to think of the word FANBOYS. Each of the letters in this somewhat unlikely word is the first letter of one of the coordinating conjunctions. Remember, when using a conjunction to join two sentences, use a comma before the conjunction.

Examples and Sentences – Coordinating Conjunctions

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

Remember, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They join similar elements.  When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.

Examples and Sentences – Correlative Conjunctions

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Subordinating conjunctions, (subordinators) are most important in creating subordinating clauses or dependent clauses. These adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the clause. The dependent clause can come either before or after the main clause. Subordinators are usually a single word, but there are also a number of multi-word subordinators that function like a single subordinating conjunction. They can be classified according to their use in regard to time, cause and effect, opposition, or condition. Remember, put a comma at the end of the dependent phrase when it comes before the main clause.

Examples and Sentences – Subordinating Conjunctions

Leading Expressions

How to Use Sentence Starter?

The most important tip to quickly improve your writing is to follow one rule:

Start every sentence in a paragraph with a different word. How? Here is my step-by-step guide:

Use the transition list as you write: Think about how the sentences in your paragraph relate to one another. Are you comparing and contrasting two ideas? Use “Showing Contrast” transition words below. Are you writing about steps in a process? Then use the “Adding to an Idea” transition words below. When writing about something that happened, use the “Sequence/Time” transitions I’ve provided.

Using the transition list while you are revising: Sometimes, it is easier not to worry about these words until your final draft stage, especially if you are a beginning writer. How do you do this? Use the following tips:

Go through your first draft and circle the first word in every sentence.

If you use the same word to start a sentence twice in a paragraph, then you need to choose another transition word and re-word the sentence.

Choosing the Right Word

How can you choose the right word for each sentence? What makes using transitions improve your writing is that it forces you to explain the connections between your ideas. Ask yourself:

What does the sentence before this one say?

How does this sentence relate to that one?

Scan the list for a transition that seems to fit best. You can also use these questions for help:

Does this sentence add information? Use: moreover, furthermore, additionally, not only…but also, or another addition transition.

Does the sentence contrast or contradict? Use: however, on the other hand, in contrast, yet, conversely, or another contrasting transition.

Are you writing something that happens in order? Use: next, then, in fact, similarly, or a time word like first, second, third, and finally.

Does this sentence add evidence? Use: for example, consequently, for this reason, or another adding transition.

Does the sentence emphasize an idea? Use: obviously, especially, as a rule, particularly, or another emphasizing transition.

Does the sentence start your conclusion: Use: finally, in conclusion, in sum, obviously, or another concluding transition.

Tips to Remember

1. Use a variety of transition words, not the same ones.

2. Put a comma after the transition word.

3. Put the subject of the sentence after the comma.

Transition Word List

2. Use a Variety of Words When Citing Examples

Easy Ways to Improve Your Essay

3. Use Different Words to Order Events and Sequence Time

4. Use Interesting Words When Summarizing

Examples of Using Transition Words

Without transition words:

Cell phones have changed our family communication for the worse. Parents complain about their teenagers spending too much time on their phones. Teenagers are annoyed that they can’t get the attention of their parents, who are always working or shopping on their phones. We need to make some changes.

Adding transition words:

Generally speaking, cell phones have changed our family communication for the worse. Obviously, parents complain about their teenagers spending too much time on their phones. Moreover, teenagers are annoyed that they can’t get the attention of their parents, who are always working or shopping on their phones. Unquestionably, we need to make some changes.

Without transition words

Liz went to the store to get some groceries. She ran into her roommate Joy in the produce section. They argued about whether they were out of blueberries and what they should buy for dinner. Joy insisted that she was better at choosing ripe avocados. Liz retorted that Joy didn’t know how to make guacamole correctly and that she was tired of Mexican food every night. They bickered for five minutes. Joy’s phone rang. It was their friend Mark inviting them over to his house for dinner. Listening, Liz smiled and nodded. Joy laughed and told him, “We are on our way!”

With transition words

After work, Liz went to the store to get some groceries. In the produce section, she ran into her roommate Joy. First of all, they argued about whether they were out of blueberries, and secondly what they should buy for dinner. Next, Joy insisted that she was better at choosing ripe avocados. Simultaneously, Liz retorted that Joy didn’t know how to make guacamole correctly and that she was tired of Mexican food every night. Subsequently, they bickered for five minutes. Finally, Joy’s phone rang. Luckily, it was their friend Mark inviting them over to his house for dinner. Listening, Liz smiled and nodded. Consequently, Joy laughed and told him, “We are on our way!”

Definitive Pronouns

That vs. Which ‘That’ is used as part of a clause that is restrictive, meaning that the clause is essential to the sentence and without it the meaning of the rest of the sentence would be different. ‘Which’ is used as part of a clause that may add extra information or a shade of meaning, but is not required in the same way. Fill in the blank with the best word: that or which.

1. The last movie _____ we went to see was ‘The Box Trolls’.

2. I wrote down everything important in my notebook, _____ is blue and wide-ruled.

3. This computer, _____ Mom got me last Christmas, has the horsepower to play the latest online games.

4. The table _____ the peace treaty was signed on is now in the Smithsonian.

5. The truck _____ we saw driving dangerously had California license plates.

6. I finally found my blue pen, _____ had been lost seemingly forever.

7. Typing, _____ is not formally taught in schools anymore, is still essential in certain professions.

8. There are traditionally seven colors _____ make up a rainbow.

9. On the wall, I keep the racket _____ I used to win the school’s tennis tournament.

10. That silly cartoon tie, _____ I got a few Father’s Days ago, was a hit at my presentation!

• That 2. Which 3. Which 4. That 5. That 6. Which 7. Which 8. That 9. That 10. Which

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I have got no words to THANK YOU ,such a marvellous work.A thousand Thanks for this great work, i became clearer with the difference between which and that after going through this class.Thank you the team.

Awesome! Happy to help Mounika, keep up the good studies.

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IELTS Speaking and Writing: Using linkers to improve cohesion

How can you improve your English speaking and writing skills? Linking words or phrases contribute to the coherence and cohesion of your responses, making it easier for the examiner to follow your line of thought.

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Many English learners believe that in order to speak and write in English properly, all they need is an extensive vocabulary and correct grammar: first they learn the words, then they use grammar to form sentences using those words. That’s it! Well, not exactly.

While these two aspects of the English language are essential, grammar and vocabulary alone are simply not enough to master the language.

Take, for example, the following response to a sample Part 1 question of the IELTS Speaking test:

Examiner : “Tell me about the kind of accommodation you live in.”

Candidate : “I live in an apartment. I really like my apartment. It’s modern. It’s conveniently located. The apartment is in the city center. It’s close to my school. It only takes me 10 minutes to walk to school. The apartment is a bit small. I’d like to find a bigger one in the future.”

Even though the candidate used correct grammar and vocabulary, while reading the response, you probably got a feeling that something was missing.

What’s missing is called ‘cohesion’.

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What is cohesion and why is it important?

Cohesion is the “glue” the holds your ideas together and allows them to flow smoothly. Good cohesion means that what you’re saying or writing is organized, thus making it easier for your listeners or readers to understand.

Linking words or phrases , also known as linkers , are important features of cohesion that help you connect your ideas in a logical way. Examples of linkers include:  because, and, but, so  and many, many more.

Like grammar and vocabulary, cohesion and coherence (how much a text makes sense) are part of the assessment criteria for the Speaking and Writing sections of the IELTS. This means that for you to achieve a higher band on your IELTS, your response must be easy to follow and understand and should have appropriate use of cohesive features.

Hear from our IELTS Experts as they discuss Coherence and Cohesion in the Writing section of the IELTS test. Our video podcast host Rocco Nigro is joined by Don Oliver.

Don regularly hosts our ielts masterclass sessions. he has taught english in australia, south-east asia and middle east and has more than 30 years’ experience in ielts test development and preparation. , watch the full episode and more on ielts prepare by idp: a 10-part video podcast series., a closer look at linkers.

Linking words and phrases can be used to add ideas together, to contrast them, or to show reasons, results or examples.

Although cohesion is an important feature of both speaking and writing, the use of linkers differs between the two.

Speakers generally use simpler, and often informal, linking words and phrases.

Writers, on the other hand, tend to use a variety of cohesive features, including more formal linkers, to organize their information and ideas. This is especially true when writing longer pieces of writing such as the discursive essay in Writing Task 2.

To manage cohesion effectively, make sure you can determine what you want to do with your ideas (i.e. are you adding to an idea, contrasting ideas, giving an example, etc.) to be able to pick an appropriate linker to do the job. Also, keep in mind that over-using linkers can become confusing or annoying for your audience, so avoid using too many. 

Now, thinking back to the candidate at the beginning of this post, you may still be wondering how they could’ve used linkers to give a more cohesive response. While there’s a number of different ways to achieve this, the following is an easy-to-follow response with a variety of linkers, which connect the speaker’s ideas effectively:

Candidate : “I live in an apartment. I really like my apartment  because  it’s modern  and  is conveniently located in the city center. It’s  also  close to my school,  so  it only takes me 10 minutes to walk to school.  However , the apartment is a bit small,  which is why  I’d like to find a bigger one in the future.”

Improving your cohesion

Just as with any skill, acquiring the ability to effectively use a range of cohesive devices requires study and practice. One of the best ways to understand linkers and how to use them is through reading and listening.

During your IELTS preparation period, you're likely to be exposed to a number of high-quality textbooks, articles, podcasts, videos, etc. Use these examples to note how linkers are used.

As you practice writing essays, review your writing and underline the linking words and phrases you used. If you’re not showing variety, think about how you could use different linkers to avoid repetition. You can also practice, review and reflect on your spoken use of cohesive features by using a voice recorder.

Some examples of linkers or linking words

1. addition.

These introduce additional information or ideas.

Examples: and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition

Usage: "The city has a rich history. Moreover, it boasts a vibrant cultural scene."

2. Contrast

These highlight differences or introduce opposing ideas.

Examples: however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, conversely, despite, in spite of, whereas, although, while

Usage: "The weather was cold. However, we still enjoyed our trip."

3. Cause and Effect

These linking words indicate a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas.

Examples: because, since, as, due to, owing to, thanks to, for, therefore, consequently, thus

Usage: "She studied hard for the exam. As a result, she scored high marks."

4. Sequence

Organise ideas or events in a particular order.

Examples: first, next, then, after that, finally, lastly

Usage: "First, we visited the museum. Then, we went to the park."

5. Comparison

These show similarities between ideas.

Examples : similarly, likewise, in the same way, in comparison, by contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlike, different from, whereas

Usage: "The two cities are quite different. Similarly, their cultures are unique."

6. Emphasis

These linkers highlight the importance of a particular point.

Examples: particularly, especially, notably, importantly, specifically, in particular, it is worth noting, of significance, above all, most importantly

Usage: "The team's performance was excellent. Indeed, they exceeded all expectations."

7. Example-based linking words

These are used to provide examples, which help increase understanding and interest in sentences.

Examples: for example, for instance, such as, like, including, to illustrate, as an illustration, namely, in particular, specifically

Usage: "There are many ways to stay healthy. For example, regular exercise and a balanced diet are crucial."

Result linkers establish a cause-and-effect relationship, showing the outcome of a previous statement.

Examples: therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, hence, so, accordingly, for this reason, that is why

Usage: "He didn't study for the test. Consequently, he failed."

9. Expressing an opinion

These help convey personal viewpoints and subjective judgments.

Examples: in my opinion, I believe, personally, from my perspective, according to me, it seems to me, I think, as far as I'm concerned, in my view

Usage: "In my opinion, online learning is a valuable resource."

Time linkers assist in providing a sense of timing and chronology to help listeners understand the sequence of events.

Examples: firstly, secondly, next, then, afterwards, subsequently, meanwhile, simultaneously, eventually, finally

Usage: "Next, we will discuss the financial implications."

11. Pointing out the obvious

These connectors indicate something as obvious or self-evident.

Examples: clearly, obviously, naturally, it is evident that, it goes without saying that, undoubtedly, needless to say, it is apparent that, it is self-evident that, it is clear that

Usage: "Obviously, safety measures must be followed."

12. Generalising

Generalising linking words present statements that apply to a wider range of situations or contexts.

Examples: generally, typically, in general, on the whole, broadly speaking, universally, by and large, in most cases, as a rule, for the most part

Usage: "Generally, people prefer to travel during the summer."

13. Alternatives

These indicate different possibilities or choices.

Examples: alternatively, instead, or, otherwise, on the other hand, in contrast, conversely, as an alternative, in lieu of, rather than

Usage: "We could go hiking this weekend. Alternatively, we could visit a museum."

14. Conclusion

Conclusion linkers signal the end of a discussion or summarise key points, providing closure.

Examples: in conclusion, to sum up, ultimately, all in all, in summary, to conclude, lastly, finally, overall, in a nutshell

Usage: "In conclusion, the project was a success despite the challenges."

Want more advice to help you to prepare for IELTS Writing?

Achieving a great IELTS score takes time and planning. You can’t just book and take your test in a matter of days – no matter how strong your English skills are. Successful test takers create a schedule to help them study everything they need to know before they sit an IELTS test. They make time to practise all four English skills – Listening , Reading , Writing and Speaking – as the format of each part of the test is different.

To help you prepare for your IELTS test, you can access our wide range of preparation materials, attend a FREE Masterclass with an IELTS expert, and complete IELTS practice tests.

Read more about how to prepare for IELTS Writing, expert advice on coherence and cohesion from IELTS Experts, and how to references to improve your writing.

You can also boost your writing band score with IELTS Writing Assist. Complete an official mock IELTS writing test online and receive personalised feedback from an IELTS Expert.

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Linking Words Practice 2020

Linking words are an essential part of your IELTS Writing Task 2 essay and fall under the marking criterion of Coherence & Cohesion, which counts for 25% of your task 2 marks. This lesson will allow you to test yourself with the correct use of linking words.

The topic is about “Celebrities”. This topic has appeared a number of times in the IELTS Writing Task 2 this year and is guaranteed to appear in 2021 as well. It also frequently appears in the speaking test as well.

Instructions

Read the instructions below very carefully.

• Each question contains two sentences.
• Read carefully to understand the connection between the two sentences in terms of ideas and content.
• Choose the most appropriate linking word to join the two sentences.
• Each linking word can be used only once.
• Make necessary changes to the sentences to ensure the grammar is correct. It might not be enough to simply add the linking word. You might need to adapt the grammar.
• Pay attention to punctuation as well as grammar when you make changes to the sentences. 

Linking Words Practice

Questions 1-7

and     /     but     /     for     /     nor     /     or     /     so     /     yet

Choose one of the above linking words to join the sentences below.

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities. Many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth.

2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else. Many young people often idolise them.

3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers. They should behave responsibly.

4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities. We all need someone to look up to when we are young.

5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame. They dream of becoming famous fast.

6. Young people need positive role models. They will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors. They should not be regarded as life coaches either.

The answers are now available for this lesson. Click below:

Click here: Answers to this Lesson

All the best

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. And 6. Or 9. Nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. and 6. Or 7. Nor

1 but 2 yet 3 so 4 for 5 and 6 or 7 nor

Hi Liz! 1.But 2.yet 3.so 4.and 5. So 6.or 7.Nor I cannot access the answers page, the link appears broken. Please help!

But Yet So So So Or Nor

1. But 2.Yet 3.So 4.And 5.For 6.Or 7.Nor

1) And 2) Yet 3) So 4) For 5) So 6) Or 7) And

But Yet So For Or Nor And

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1. but 2. so 3. and 4. yet 5. for 6. or 7. nor

But Yet So Or And For Nor

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1. But 2. For 3. Yet 4. And 5. So 6. Or

Thanks a lot

1) but 2) yet 3)so 4)so 5)and 6)or 7)nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities and many others just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral short comings like everyone else yet, many young people often idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities but, we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame or they dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models for they will not be able to live with hope and honestly. 6. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors nor they should not be regarded as life coaches either.

Many sport stars and Artists donate graciously to charity. But majority of their colleagues are focused on amassing wealth for themselves.

Superstars have flaws like everyone else ,yet many young adults often look up to them.

Famous people have huge impact on teenagers .So they should be of good conduct.

Youngsters often idealize celebrities, For we all need someone to reverence when we are young.

Some Famous Athletes and movie stars only yearn for fame and they dream of becoming famous in no time.

The youths need great role models or they will become discouraged and corrupt.

Celebrities should not be called spiritual mentors, nor regarded as life coaches either.

1) and 2) yet 3)so 4)but 5)and 6)for 7) and

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. for. 5. for. 6. or. 7. nor they should be

1.And 2.Yet 3.So 4.For 5.Or 6.But 7.Nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth.

2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else yet many young people often idolise them.

3. Celebrities have tremendous influnce over teenagers so they should behave responsibly.

4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities for we all need someone to look up to when we are young.

5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame and dream of becoming famous fast.

6. Young people need positive role models, or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7. Celebrities should not either be regarded as life coaches nor as spiritual mentors.

1- but 2- yet 3- and 4- so 5- for 6-or 7- nor

1. but 2. for 3. or 4. so 5. nor 6. and 7. yet

1. BUT 2. YET 3. SO 4. FOR 5. AND 6. OR 7. NOR SHOULD THEY BE…….

1.But 2.yet 3.And 4.For 5.so 6.or 7.Nor

I would like to buy your grammar book but i wonder whether you provide answer keys to the exercises in that book. Could you please let me know?

Yes, the exercises all have answers to them in the e-book. It is not possible to produce an exercise book without answers.

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. and 5. for 6. or 7. nor

1. But 2. And 3. So 4. Yet 5. For 6. Nor 7. Or

1. and 2.yet 3.so 4.and 5.and 6.but 7.so

1.and 2. yet 3. so 4. but 5. for 6. nor 7. or

1.But 2.Yet 3.so 4.For 5.And 6.Or 7.Nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities , but many are intently increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenager often idealise celebrities, for we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame, and they dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive models, or they will of be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor be regarded as life coaches neither.

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. And 6. Or 7. Nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. And 6. or 7. Nor

1.Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities,but others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else,yet young people often idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over tenagers,so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities,for we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame,for the dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models and will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors,or as life coaches either.

but yet so for and or nor

1.Many famous athlete and pop stars donate generously, but many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2.Celebrities have shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolize them. 3.Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsively. 4.Teenagers often idealize celebrities, and we all need someone to look up to when teenagers are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame, for the dream of becoming famous fast. 6.Young people need positive role models, or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7.Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor they should be regarded as life coaches either.

1.but 2.yet 3.so 4.so 5.and 6.so 7.or

1.but 2.yet 3.so 4.for 5.and 6.or 7.nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but many other are just intent to increasing their own health. 2.Celebrities have moral shortcoming like everyone else, yet many young people often idolise them. 3.Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4.Teenager often idealise Celebrities, for we all need someone to lookup to when we are young. 5.Some film and Sports star Stars only aspire to fame, and they dream of becoming famous fast. 6.young people need positive role models,or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7.Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor they should be regarded as life coaches either.

1. And 2. But 3. So 4. So 5. And 6. Nor 7. Or

1.but. 2.yet 3.so 4.for 5.so 6.so 7. and

Good day. Answer. 1. But 2. Yet 3. And 4. For 5. Or 6. So 7. Nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. And 4. For 5. So 6. Or 7. Nor

1. yet 2.but 3.so 4.yet 5.and 6.but 7.yet

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have mortal shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolize them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities, for we all need someone to look up when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame and they dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor they should be regarded as life coaches either.

thank you Liz 🙂

1.But 2.yet 3.so 4.for 5.nor 6.or 7.And

1. Most of the prominent athletes and songsters are very broad in bestowing to charities but some others are fond of accumulating and improving their wealth.

2. Though celebrities may have ethical limitations as a general human being, many youngsters are devoted to the celebrities as if they are angel.

3. Celebrities should behave sensibly as their all attitudes and behaviors have a great impact over the teenagers and youngsters.

4. All the young and teenagers behaviors and life styles should be carefully monitored as they are impacted by worshiping celebrities.

5. Some of the film and sports stars are devoted to achieve name and fame and that’s why they hope to be prominent within a very short time.

1. yet 2. but 3. so 4. for 5. and 6. or 7. nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. And 5. Or 6. For 7. Nor

Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but many others are just intent on increasing their wealth.

Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolise them.

Celebrities have tremendous influence on teenagers, so they should behave responsibly.

Teenagers often idealise celebrities for we all need someone to look up to when we are young.

Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame, and they dream of becoming famous fast.

Young people need positive role model, or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors nor they should be regarded as life coaches either.

2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people idolize them.

3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly.

4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities for the need of looking up to someone when we are young.

5. Some film and sports stars apire to fame and become famous fast.

6. Young people need positive role modles, or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7. Celebrities should regarded as neither spiritual mentors nor life coaches.

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. So 6. But 7. Or

Hi, you have used so twice, you can only use each word once 🙂

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. And 5. But 6. Or 7. And

1) but 2) and 3) so 4)for 5)yet 6)or 7) nor

All the above answers are between two sentences

Thanks very much for enlightenment. I am expecting more of it to pass my ilets exam.

1.But 2.Yet 3.So 4.for 5.and 6.or 7.nor

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. for 5. and 6. or 7. nor

1. But 2.Yet 3. So 4. For 5. And 6.Or 7.Nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. Nor 6. Or 7. And

1 yet 2 but 3 so 4 and 5 for 6 or 7 nor

1. But 2. Yet 3.so 4.? 5. For 6. Or 7. And

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. for 5. and 6. 0r 7. nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have short moral shortcomings like anyone else yet many young people often idolise them. 3.Celebrities have a tremendous influence over teenagers so they should behave responsibly. 4.Teenagers often idealuse celebrities for we need someone to look up to when we are young. 5.Some film and sports star only aspire to fame nor they dream to become famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role model or they will not be able to live hope and honesty. 7.Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors and they should not be regarded as life coaches either.

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else yet many young people idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities for we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame and dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors nor as life coaches.

1- but 2- yet 3- so 4- for 5- and 6- or 7- nor

Answers for linking word practice: 1. BUT 2. YET 3. SO 4. AND 5. SO 6. AND’ 7. NOR

1 but 2 yet 3 so 4 for 5 or 6 and 7 nor

Although I doubt about Point 4, here’s my attempt-

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, and others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet young people often idolize them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealize celebrities, for we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame, but they dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models, or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor they should not be regarded as life coaches either.

1. But, 2. Yet, 3. So, 4. For, 5. And, 6. Or, 7. Nor

Wow, Liz, What is these words, in which sentences are in. Do they mean these words? Is the exam all about these words?

I am waiting your answers, Inshaa Allahu.

1. but 2. so 3. and 4. for 5. nor 6. yet 7. or

1) and 2) yet 3) so 4) so 5) and 6) so 7) for

1.but 2.yet 3.so 4.for 5.and 6.for 7.and

1-and 2-yet 3-so 4-and 5-yet 6-for 7-nor

Celebrities should neither spiritual mentors nor life coaches.

1_ For 2_ But 3_ So 4_And 5_Or 6_Yet 7_Nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. Or 6. Nor 7. And

1. and 2. but 3. so 4. for 5. yet 6. or 7. nor

1. But 2. Yet 3. So 4. And 5. Yet 6. So 7. Or

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. or 5. and 6. for 7. nor

Dear Liz Answers for q 1-7 1- and, 2- but, 3-so, 4- or, 5-and, 6- nor, 7- or Thank you

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but others are just intent on increasing their own wealth.

2 Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else yet many young people often idolise them.

3 Celebrities have tremendous influence on teenagers so they should behave responsibly.

4 Teenagers often idealise celebrities for we all need someone to look up to when we are young.

5 Some film and sports stars only aspire for fame and the dream of becoming famous fast.

6 Young people need positive role models or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7 Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors nor should they be regarded as life coaches either.

1) but 2) yet 3) so 4) for 5) and 6) or 7) nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, YET many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth.

2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, BUT many young people often idolise them.

3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, SO they should behave responsibly.

4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities, FOR we all need someone to look up to when we are young.

5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame AND they dream of becoming famous fast.

6. Young people need positive role models, OR they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, NOR they should be regarded as life coaches either.

Hi Liz, Kindly see below my answers to the connecting words practice. 1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but some are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2.Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else yet many young people often idolise them. 3.Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers so, they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idolise celebrities and we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5.Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame for they dream of becoming famous quickly. 6.Young people need positive role models or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7.Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, nor should they be regarded as life coaches.

1. And 2. Yet 3. So 4. For 5. But 6. Or 7. Nor

1) yet 2) but 3) so 4) and 5) or 6) for 7) nor

1.but 2. yet 3.so 4. 5.and 6 or 7.nor

1) Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but others are just intent on increasing their own health. 2) Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else yet many young people often idolize them. 3) Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4) Teenagers often idealise celebrities, for we all need someone to look up to when we are young. 5) Some film and sports stars aspire to fame and they dream of becoming famous fast. 6) Young people need positive role models nor they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7) Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors or as life coaches either.

1- but 2- but 3- so 4- for 5- so 6- for 7- and

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities but many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth.

3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers so they should behave responsibly.

4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities so we all need someone to look up to when we are young.

5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame and they dream of becoming famous fast.

6. Young people need positive role models for they will not be able to live with hope and honesty.

7. Celebrities should not be regarded neither as spiritual mentors nor life coaches.

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities, for the need of someone to look up to when they are young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame and dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models or they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors , nor regarded as life coach.

1. Yet 2. But 3. So 4. For 5. And 6. Or 7. Nor

1. Many famous athletes and pop stars donate generously to charities, but many others are just intent on increasing their own wealth. 2. Celebrities have moral shortcomings like everyone else, yet many young people often idolise them. 3. Celebrities have tremendous influence over teenagers, so they should behave responsibly. 4. Teenagers often idealise celebrities, for we all need someone to look up to when we were young. 5. Some film and sports stars only aspire to fame or they dream of becoming famous fast. 6. Young people need positive role models, nor they will not be able to live with hope and honesty. 7. Celebrities should not be regarded as spiritual mentors, and they should not be regarded as life coaches either.

Dear Liz☺️ I really appreciate all your materials and recommendations 🤗I’m an English teacher and I want to get some materials from you as they are on discount.I would like to get your advice before ordering if you don’t mind.On one hand I need a book ormaterial for reading and writing tips.On the other hand what books you suggest me to buy from your store☺️Please ,provide me the information about buying all these material.After payment I’ll get them as pdf on my email or?Thanks in advance☺️

1)but ( 2)yet (3)so (4)for (5)and (6) or (7)nor

1. But 2. And 3. So 4. For 5. And 6. Or 7. Nor

1) and 2)yet 3)so 4)for 5)but 6)or 7) nor

It’s really great help, thanks

1)And 2)Yet 3)So 4)For 5)

1-But 2.Yet 3.So 4.And 5. For 6.Yet 7.Nor

1.And 2.But 3.So 4.Yet 5.For 6.Or 7.Nor

1. but 2. yet 3. so 4. far 5. and 6. nor 7. or

1. yet 2.so 3.so 4.and 5.and 6.nor 7.or

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