difference between a thesis and a purpose

Thesis and Purpose Statements

Use the guidelines below to learn the differences between thesis and purpose statements.

In the first stages of writing, thesis or purpose statements are usually rough or ill-formed and are useful primarily as planning tools.

A thesis statement or purpose statement will emerge as you think and write about a topic. The statement can be restricted or clarified and eventually worked into an introduction.

As you revise your paper, try to phrase your thesis or purpose statement in a precise way so that it matches the content and organization of your paper.

Thesis statements

A thesis statement is a sentence that makes an assertion about a topic and predicts how the topic will be developed. It does not simply announce a topic: it says something about the topic.

Good: X has made a significant impact on the teenage population due to its . . . Bad: In this paper, I will discuss X.

A thesis statement makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of the paper. It summarizes the conclusions that the writer has reached about the topic.

A thesis statement is generally located near the end of the introduction. Sometimes in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or an entire paragraph.

A thesis statement is focused and specific enough to be proven within the boundaries of the paper. Key words (nouns and verbs) should be specific, accurate, and indicative of the range of research, thrust of the argument or analysis, and the organization of supporting information.

Purpose statements

A purpose statement announces the purpose, scope, and direction of the paper. It tells the reader what to expect in a paper and what the specific focus will be.

Common beginnings include:

“This paper examines . . .,” “The aim of this paper is to . . .,” and “The purpose of this essay is to . . .”

A purpose statement makes a promise to the reader about the development of the argument but does not preview the particular conclusions that the writer has drawn.

A purpose statement usually appears toward the end of the introduction. The purpose statement may be expressed in several sentences or even an entire paragraph.

A purpose statement is specific enough to satisfy the requirements of the assignment. Purpose statements are common in research papers in some academic disciplines, while in other disciplines they are considered too blunt or direct. If you are unsure about using a purpose statement, ask your instructor.

This paper will examine the ecological destruction of the Sahel preceding the drought and the causes of this disintegration of the land. The focus will be on the economic, political, and social relationships which brought about the environmental problems in the Sahel.

Sample purpose and thesis statements

The following example combines a purpose statement and a thesis statement (bold).

The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of Chile’s agrarian reform on the lives of rural peasants. The nature of the topic dictates the use of both a chronological and a comparative analysis of peasant lives at various points during the reform period. . . The Chilean reform example provides evidence that land distribution is an essential component of both the improvement of peasant conditions and the development of a democratic society. More extensive and enduring reforms would likely have allowed Chile the opportunity to further expand these horizons.

For more tips about writing thesis statements, take a look at our new handout on Developing a Thesis Statement.

Writing Process and Structure

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Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Developing a Thesis Statement

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

Thesis vs Purpose: Navigating Through Their Meanings

Considering discussing the differences between a thesis and a purpose, it is essential to understand their distinct meanings and implications. While both terms are often used interchangeably, it is important to recognize that they serve different purposes in academic and professional writing.

A thesis is the central argument or claim that a writer presents in a piece of writing. It is a statement that encapsulates the main idea or position of the author, and it is typically supported by evidence and analysis. In other words, a thesis is the backbone of an essay or research paper, providing a clear focus and direction for the entire piece. On the other hand, a purpose refers to the intention or objective behind writing a particular piece. It outlines the writer’s aim in communicating with the audience and guides the overall tone and structure of the work.

While a thesis is a specific statement that asserts a particular viewpoint or argument, a purpose is broader and encompasses the overall goal of the writing. A thesis is typically found in academic writing, such as research papers, dissertations, or essays, where the writer aims to persuade or inform the reader about a specific topic. In contrast, a purpose can be found in various forms of writing, including business reports, personal statements, or even creative writing, where the writer seeks to achieve a specific outcome or effect.

Understanding the distinctions between a thesis and a purpose is crucial for effective writing. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the characteristics and functions of each, exploring how they shape the structure and content of different types of writing.

Analyzing The Definitions

In order to fully understand the distinctions between a thesis and a purpose, it is essential to establish clear definitions for both terms. Let us delve into the intricacies of each concept:

Define Thesis

A thesis, in the realm of academia, refers to a statement or proposition put forth as the central argument or claim of a scholarly work. It serves as the foundation upon which an entire research endeavor is constructed. A thesis embodies the core idea or hypothesis that the author aims to prove or explore through a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of relevant evidence. In essence, it is the backbone of an academic paper, guiding the reader through a logical progression of arguments and conclusions.

Theses are commonly encountered in various forms of academic writing, such as research papers, dissertations, and even essays. They provide a focal point for the author’s intellectual exploration and enable readers to grasp the purpose and direction of the work at hand. A well-crafted thesis not only presents a clear and concise assertion but also demonstrates the author’s ability to engage critically with a specific topic or problem.

Furthermore, a thesis often reflects the culmination of extensive research, rigorous analysis, and thoughtful synthesis of existing knowledge. It should be distinguished from a mere opinion or subjective viewpoint, as it necessitates a rigorous examination of evidence and logical reasoning. A strong thesis exhibits originality, depth, and the potential to contribute to the academic discourse within a particular field of study.

Define Purpose

While a thesis serves as the central claim of an academic work, the purpose, on the other hand, encompasses the broader intention or objective behind the creation of any written piece. The purpose encapsulates the author’s overarching goal, the reason for undertaking the writing endeavor, and the desired impact on the intended audience.

Unlike a thesis, which is specific and focused, the purpose tends to be more general and encompasses a wider scope. It can vary depending on the genre and context of the writing, ranging from informing, persuading, entertaining, or even inspiring readers. The purpose drives the content, structure, and style choices made by the author, ensuring that the intended message is effectively conveyed to the target audience.

For instance, in a persuasive essay, the purpose might be to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint or to prompt action on a specific issue. In contrast, a purpose for a scientific research paper could be to contribute new knowledge to the field or to challenge existing theories. Regardless of the specific purpose, it is crucial for writers to clearly define their objectives and align their content accordingly to achieve maximum impact.

In summary, while a thesis serves as the central argument or claim of an academic work, the purpose refers to the broader intention or objective behind the creation of any written piece. Understanding the distinctions between these two concepts is vital for writers and readers alike, as it enables a deeper appreciation of the underlying motivations and goals that shape the realm of written discourse.

How To Properly Use The Words In A Sentence

In order to effectively communicate our ideas, it is crucial to understand how to use the words “thesis” and “purpose” in a sentence. Both terms hold significant weight in academic and professional writing, and their proper usage can greatly enhance the clarity and impact of our statements. Let’s explore how to employ these words correctly.

How To Use “Thesis” In A Sentence

When using the word “thesis” in a sentence, it is important to convey its specific meaning as a central argument or claim in an academic or research paper. To do so, we can follow these guidelines:

• Identify the main idea or argument you wish to present.
• Formulate a clear and concise statement that encapsulates this idea.
• Ensure that your thesis statement is debatable and supported by evidence.

For example, in an essay about climate change, a well-crafted thesis statement could be:

“The increasing global temperatures are primarily caused by human activities, and urgent action is required to mitigate the catastrophic consequences.”

By using “thesis” in this manner, we effectively communicate the central point of our essay, setting the tone and direction for the entire piece.

How To Use “Purpose” In A Sentence

When incorporating the word “purpose” into a sentence, it is essential to convey its meaning as the reason or intention behind an action, decision, or creation. Here’s how we can employ “purpose” effectively:

• Identify the specific action or creation for which you want to express the purpose.
• Clearly state the objective or intention driving that action or creation.
• Ensure that your usage of “purpose” aligns with the context and conveys a sense of intentionality.

For instance, in a business report, we might write:

“The purpose of this report is to analyze market trends and identify potential growth opportunities for our company.”

By using “purpose” in this manner, we convey the underlying objective of the report, guiding the reader’s understanding and setting expectations for the content that follows.

More Examples Of Thesis & Purpose Used In Sentences

In this section, we will explore a range of examples that illustrate the proper usage of both the terms “thesis” and “purpose” in sentences. By examining these examples, we can gain a deeper understanding of how these concepts are applied in different contexts.

Examples Of Using Thesis In A Sentence

• Her thesis on climate change provided a comprehensive analysis of the impact of human activities on the environment.
• The professor praised the student’s thesis for its innovative approach and well-supported arguments.
• In his research, John discovered that his initial thesis was flawed, leading him to revise his hypothesis.
• The author’s thesis challenged conventional wisdom and offered a fresh perspective on the topic.
• After months of diligent research, Sarah finally completed her thesis, which explored the correlation between social media usage and mental health.

Examples Of Using Purpose In A Sentence

• The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on cognitive function in elderly individuals.
• His purpose in writing the book was to inspire and motivate readers to pursue their dreams relentlessly.
• The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the proposed changes to the company’s strategic plan.
• She joined the organization with the purpose of making a positive impact on the lives of underprivileged children.
• The purpose of this experiment is to determine the optimal temperature for enzyme activity.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

When it comes to academic writing, understanding the distinction between a thesis and a purpose is crucial. Unfortunately, many individuals tend to use these terms interchangeably, which can lead to confusion and weaken the overall clarity of their work. In this section, we will highlight some of the common mistakes people make when using thesis and purpose interchangeably, along with detailed explanations of why these usages are incorrect.

1. Treating The Thesis As The Same As The Purpose

One of the most prevalent mistakes is treating the thesis and the purpose as if they were synonymous. While both elements serve important roles in an academic paper, they have distinct functions and should not be used interchangeably.

The purpose of a paper refers to the overall goal or objective that the writer aims to achieve. It sets the direction and scope of the work, providing readers with an understanding of what to expect. On the other hand, the thesis statement is a concise and focused statement that presents the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as the backbone of the entire work, guiding the writer’s analysis and providing a clear stance on the topic.

By mistakenly using the thesis as the purpose, writers fail to convey the broader intention of their work, which can lead to confusion among readers. It is essential to clearly differentiate between the purpose and the thesis to ensure a cohesive and well-structured academic piece.

2. Failing To Provide A Clear Thesis Statement

Another common mistake is the failure to provide a clear and concise thesis statement. Some writers mistakenly believe that stating the purpose of their paper is sufficient to convey their main argument. However, without a well-defined thesis statement, the purpose remains vague, and the overall message of the work may become diluted.

A strong thesis statement should be specific, arguable, and provide a clear focus for the entire paper. It should present a unique perspective or claim that the writer will support throughout the work. By neglecting to formulate a distinct thesis statement, writers risk losing their readers’ attention and weakening the overall impact of their arguments.

3. Neglecting To Align The Purpose And The Thesis

Aligning the purpose and the thesis is crucial for creating a coherent and logical academic piece. However, some individuals make the mistake of having a purpose that does not align with the thesis statement, leading to confusion and inconsistency in their writing.

For instance, if the purpose of a paper is to analyze the impact of climate change on marine life, the thesis statement should reflect this specific focus. Failing to align the thesis statement with the purpose, such as presenting a thesis about deforestation instead, can lead to a lack of clarity and weaken the overall argumentation.

It is essential to ensure that the purpose and the thesis are in harmony, as this enhances the overall coherence and effectiveness of the academic work.

4. Overloading The Thesis Statement With Multiple Purposes

Some writers mistakenly attempt to include multiple purposes within a single thesis statement, resulting in a convoluted and unclear message. While it is possible for a paper to have multiple objectives, it is essential to clearly articulate each purpose and avoid overwhelming the thesis statement.

Instead of trying to encompass multiple purposes within a single sentence, it is advisable to break them down into distinct statements or paragraphs. This approach allows for a more focused and coherent presentation of each purpose, ensuring that the thesis statement remains concise and impactful.

5. Failing To Revise And Refine The Thesis And Purpose

A final mistake to avoid is the failure to revise and refine the thesis and purpose throughout the writing process. Some writers may overlook the importance of continuously evaluating and adjusting these elements to ensure they accurately reflect the evolving content of the paper.

As the research and analysis progress, the initial purpose and thesis may require modification to align with the emerging findings and arguments. Neglecting to revise and refine these elements can result in a disjointed and inconsistent academic piece.

Regularly revisiting the purpose and thesis allows writers to maintain clarity and coherence, ensuring that the final work effectively communicates the intended message.

By being aware of these common mistakes and understanding the distinctions between a thesis and a purpose, writers can enhance the quality and impact of their academic writing. Avoiding these errors will contribute to a more cohesive, focused, and persuasive paper, ultimately leading to a better understanding and engagement from the readers.

Context Matters

When it comes to academic writing, the choice between using a thesis or a purpose statement can greatly depend on the context in which they are used. Both serve distinct purposes and have their own merits, but understanding when to use each can significantly enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your writing. Let’s explore how the choice between a thesis and a purpose statement can vary based on different contexts.

1. Research Papers

In the realm of research papers, the context often calls for a clear and concise thesis statement. This statement acts as the central argument or main claim of the paper, providing a roadmap for the reader to understand the writer’s position and the scope of the research. A thesis statement in this context typically appears at the end of the introduction and helps guide the reader throughout the paper.

For example, in a research paper exploring the impact of climate change on biodiversity, a thesis statement could be:

“The increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns due to climate change pose a significant threat to global biodiversity, leading to the loss of species and disruption of ecosystems.”

This thesis statement clearly outlines the main focus of the research paper and sets the stage for the subsequent arguments and evidence that will support this claim.

2. Persuasive Essays

When writing persuasive essays, the purpose statement often takes precedence over a thesis statement. The purpose statement serves as a declaration of the writer’s intention and the desired outcome of the essay. It helps establish the writer’s credibility and appeals to the emotions and values of the audience.

For instance, in a persuasive essay advocating for stricter gun control laws, a purpose statement could be:

“The purpose of this essay is to convince readers that implementing stricter gun control laws is essential for reducing gun violence and ensuring public safety.”

This purpose statement clearly communicates the writer’s objective and sets the tone for the persuasive arguments that will follow. It guides the reader towards the desired conclusion and encourages them to consider the presented evidence from a particular perspective.

3. Academic Presentations

In the context of academic presentations, the choice between a thesis and a purpose statement can depend on the nature of the presentation and the audience’s expectations. While a thesis statement is commonly used in formal presentations, a purpose statement can be more effective in certain situations.

For example, in a scientific conference presentation, a purpose statement could be:

“The purpose of this presentation is to analyze the results of our experimental study and discuss the implications for future research in the field of neurobiology.”

This purpose statement clearly outlines the objective of the presentation, allowing the audience to understand the specific goals and focus of the talk. It helps the presenter stay on track and ensures that the audience knows what to expect.

In contrast, a thesis statement in an academic presentation might be more suitable when delivering a formal lecture or defending a specific hypothesis. In such cases, the thesis statement would provide a concise summary of the main argument or findings of the presentation.

4. Creative Writing

When it comes to creative writing, the choice between a thesis and a purpose statement can vary depending on the genre and style of the piece. While a thesis statement is commonly used in analytical or expository writing, a purpose statement can be more fitting for creative works.

For example, in a short story, a purpose statement could be:

“The purpose of this story is to explore the complexities of human relationships and the impact of past experiences on shaping one’s identity.”

This purpose statement sets the tone for the narrative and gives the reader an understanding of the underlying themes and intentions of the story. It allows the writer to craft a compelling narrative that aligns with the intended purpose.

Overall, the choice between a thesis and a purpose statement depends on the specific context in which they are used. Understanding the nuances of each and recognizing their suitability in different contexts can significantly enhance the effectiveness of your writing and communication.

Exceptions To The Rules

While understanding the distinctions between thesis and purpose is crucial for effective writing, there are a few exceptional cases where the conventional rules may not apply. Let’s explore these exceptions and provide brief explanations and examples for each case.

1. Creative Writing

In the realm of creative writing, the rigid structures of thesis and purpose often take a backseat to artistic expression and storytelling. Unlike academic or technical writing, creative writing allows for a more fluid approach to conveying ideas and themes.

For instance, in a work of fiction, the purpose may not be explicitly stated or defined. Instead, the purpose may be to entertain, evoke emotions, or explore the human condition. In this case, the writer’s intention is not to argue a specific point but to engage and captivate the reader through imaginative storytelling.

2. Personal Reflections

When writing personal reflections or memoirs, the rules governing thesis and purpose can also be more flexible. These forms of writing often involve introspection and self-expression, allowing the author to delve into their thoughts, experiences, and emotions.

Here, the purpose may be to share personal insights, provoke empathy, or document significant events. While a clear thesis statement may not be present, the writer’s purpose remains focused on introspection and conveying their unique perspective.

3. Exploratory Research

In exploratory research, where the goal is to investigate a topic and gather information, the traditional rules surrounding thesis and purpose may be less applicable. This type of research often involves open-ended questions and the pursuit of new knowledge.

Instead of having a predetermined thesis, the purpose in exploratory research is to explore various perspectives, gather data, and generate hypotheses. The focus lies on the process of inquiry rather than presenting a conclusive argument.

4. Persuasive Writing Techniques

While persuasive writing typically involves a clear thesis statement, there are instances where the purpose may take precedence over a formal thesis. Certain persuasive techniques, such as emotional appeal or storytelling, may prioritize the overall purpose of convincing the reader rather than presenting a specific argument.

For example, in an advertisement or a political speech, the purpose may be to influence the audience’s emotions or actions without explicitly stating a thesis. The emphasis here lies on using rhetorical devices and persuasive language to achieve the desired effect.

5. Experimental Writing Styles

Some experimental writing styles intentionally challenge traditional writing conventions, including the strict adherence to thesis and purpose. These unconventional forms of writing often aim to push the boundaries of language and challenge readers’ expectations.

Experimental writers may intentionally blur the lines between thesis and purpose, creating a more abstract and subjective reading experience. In these cases, the purpose may be to provoke thought, challenge societal norms, or experiment with different narrative structures.

While thesis and purpose serve as essential tools in most forms of writing, there are exceptions where their conventional rules may not apply. Creative writing, personal reflections, exploratory research, persuasive writing techniques, and experimental writing styles all offer unique cases where the boundaries of thesis and purpose can be more flexible. Understanding these exceptions allows writers to adapt their approach and effectively convey their intended message in diverse contexts.

Understanding the distinction between a thesis and a purpose is essential for effective academic writing. A thesis statement is a concise and arguable claim that serves as the central focus of an entire piece of writing. It provides a clear direction and sets the tone for the entire work. On the other hand, the purpose of a piece of writing refers to the broader objective or intent behind the creation of the work.

While the thesis statement is specific and narrow, the purpose is broader and encompasses the overall goal of the writing. The thesis statement guides the reader through the argument or analysis, while the purpose gives the writer a sense of direction and helps them stay focused on their intended message.

By distinguishing between the thesis and purpose, writers can ensure that their work remains cohesive, logical, and purposeful. A well-crafted thesis statement allows readers to understand the writer’s main point, while the purpose ensures that the writer stays on track and fulfills their intended objective.

In summary, the thesis statement is the backbone of an academic piece, providing a clear and concise argument, while the purpose sets the broader objective and intent behind the writing. Both elements are crucial for effective communication and successful writing. By mastering the distinction between thesis and purpose, writers can elevate the quality of their work and engage readers in a meaningful and purposeful manner.

R.J. is the new owner of GrammarBeast.com. Having worked in bookstores, libraries, and more, his passion for grammar and writing are pivotal. As a ghostwriter for books that have sold tens of thousands of copies, he wants to help others find the right words and understand the differences.

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The purpose and thesis statement.

1. The Inverted Pyramid

Think of a speech as an inverted pyramid. The pyramid's widest point is the topic of the speech. Once you have determined your topic, you should consider what the general purpose of your speech is, followed by your specific purpose, which will be discussed in the next section. Once your purpose is established, you should begin to refine your thesis, identify evidence, and create supporting arguments. As you follow these steps, the pyramid gets narrower and narrower. It’s important to take the broad view first because getting too caught up in specific arguments or evidence might confuse your audience or cause them to miss the point. It can be easy to focus on that narrowest point, especially if you are very knowledgeable about your topic, but it is just as important to take a step back.

2. Speech Purposes

First, we will discuss the purposes of your speech, both general and specific, and then we will get into the rest of the inverted pyramid. After you determine your topic, you should refine it into the general purpose and specific purpose by asking yourself what you hope to accomplish with your speech and what you hope your audience will take away with them.

2a. General Purpose

From a broad standpoint, the speaker should ask, “What do I hope to achieve with the speech? Is the aim to inform? Persuade? A little of both, perhaps? Or maybe entertain?”

• To persuade
• To instruct
• To entertain

IN CONTEXT Imagine a basic speech topic, such as social media. Consider the audience: To whom will the speaker be speaking? What's their age and knowledge base? A crowd of college students might have a much wider knowledge base than, say, a group of elderly audience members—but not necessarily! There are plenty of grandmothers who could run circles around a twenty-year-old on Instagram or Facebook, and the user demographics of social media are changing as we speak. If the general purpose is to instruct, the speaker may demonstrate how to set up privacy settings on a social media platform. As they further hone the purpose and thesis of their speech, it might include instruction about why it is important to specify one's privacy settings—with the purpose of persuading the audience. Now imagine a speaker who wants to convince an audience—for example, an elderly crowd—to adopt a technology like Instagram. The speaker may have to do some instruction, but they will also want to talk about the social benefits of developing a digital network or the cognitive benefits of lifelong learning and technology use. Again, this speech takes a topic like social media and refines it down to a purpose, like persuasion. From there, the speaker can begin to craft a thesis such as, “Social media is a valuable tool for the elderly to remain connected to their loved ones while simultaneously boosting cognition and memory affected by aging.”

Whatever the purpose of the speech, before diving into the specifics of the thesis, the speaker must take a step back to examine the broad, general purpose of why they are speaking. The speaker will want to ensure that every piece of evidence and thought in the speech connects to that general purpose to present a reinforced theme to the audience.

terms to know General Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite. Purpose A result that is desired; an intention.

2b. Specific Purpose

Let’s go back to that inverted pyramid. As the speaker refines their purpose, the speech narrows to its most specific point. The widest part represents the topic, followed by the speech's general purpose (instructing, informing, persuading, or entertaining). The next most refined level is the specific purpose, which fuses the topic and general purpose.

Going from general to specific is all about refinement. If the speech is too broad, the audience may be confused about what the speaker is saying or trying to achieve. At the same time, the speaker must temper just how specific to get in relation to the audience. How much does the audience already know about the subject? How might their demographics, such as age, gender, culture, and education levels, already inform that knowledge base?

Using the inverted pyramid model to outline exactly how to arrive at the speech's most specific, narrowest point, the speaker should avoid losing the audience by getting too specific at the wrong time.

But what if the speech has more than one purpose? Not all speeches conform strictly to the four general purposes for speaking. Some persuasive speeches may contain elements of informative or entertainment speeches. If this is the case, first identify the most important purpose of the speech. At the end of the day, what exactly is the speech trying to achieve? From there, subordinate the other, more specific purposes.

Just keep picturing the inverted pyramid, getting closer and closer to the most specific points to assist in the refinement process of honing a topic into a specific purpose and a solid thesis with substantive evidence to make a case.

term to know Specific Explicit or definite.

3. The Thesis

Your thesis statement should clearly articulate the purpose and main points of your speech. Think of the thesis as the rocket that will guide the spaceship—that is, your speech. It's there at the beginning, and in some ways, it guides the trajectory of your speech.

Defining a thesis is essentially constructing the structural outline of your speech. When you have defined a thesis, you have essentially articulated to yourself what your speech will say, what position you will take up, and what the speech's purpose is.

Use the work that you have done to narrow down the scope of the topic that your speech is about; determine the purpose your speech will serve, and define a thesis to construct the remainder of it.

term to know Thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long; also referred to as a speech’s key message or primary message.

3a. Crafting Your Thesis

• What are you trying to accomplish with it?
• What's the takeaway message you wish to leave with your audience?

3b. Thesis Placement

The thesis should be introduced near the beginning of your speech, usually at the conclusion of the introductory remarks. Its placement there is a way of introducing the audience to your specific topic. It should be a declarative statement stating what position you will argue.

It's also particularly helpful to give a quick outline of just how you plan to achieve those goals in another few sentences immediately following your thesis statement.

At the end of the speech, you should restate your thesis (perhaps in a more concise form) to reassert to your audience what you have argued throughout your speech.

summary In this lesson, you learned that you can think of a speech as an inverted pyramid , with the topic being the widest section. From there, refine down into the general purpose and specific purpose ; speeches typically serve one or more of four general purposes: to inform, persuade, instruct, or entertain. You learned that a thesis is a clear statement of your speech’s main points in the context of your topic and purpose. Crafting and placing your thesis takes time and close consideration. The thesis is followed by evidence and arguments, which drive the point of your speech home for your audience. By taking a step back to examine the topic and purpose of your speech first, you will ensure that everything presented to argue your case is aligned and organized.

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Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite.

A result that is desired; an intention.

Explicit or definite.

A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long; also referred to as a speech’s key message or primary message.

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Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

• Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to  be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
• Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

• Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

• Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

• Do I answer the question? Yes!
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Thesis/Purpose Statement

Probably the most daunting task for any writer is to generate an effective thesis statement.  In college, academic writing follows a specific pattern— after a brief opening, you state your position in one clear sentence. Whether your essay is explanatory or argumentative, a strong thesis statement will provide the map, guiding the entire essay. Confusion arises, however, over the difference between a purpose statement and a thesis.

What is the function of a purpose statement?

• It gives the paper a focus: scope and direction.
• It foreshadows the development of the argument

Used in many of the sciences for research proposals, in some disciplines, a purpose statement is too blunt or direct, so check with your instructor about using a purpose statement.

Sample purpose statement This paper will examine the ecological damage caused by Katrina on the Gulf Coast. The focus will be on the economic, political and social relationships effected by the environmental problems.

What is the function of a thesis statement? A thesis statement:

• Gives the writer’s declaration of the purpose of the paper.
• Makes an assertion directly answering the question the paper asks.
• Offers a provable claim that reasonable people could argue.
• Provides a map of the arrangement of ideas presented in the essay.

(Note that the thesis statement is more complex than the purpose statement)

Sample thesis statement        The ecological damage produced by Katrina on the Gulf Coast was caused by the political and social environment of the region.

What are the characteristics of a good thesis statement?

• It answers a specific question.
• It is narrow or broad enough to be covered within the assignment parameters.
• It focuses on one main idea.
• It is controversial enough that a reasonable person could disagree.

How do I generate a good thesis statement? After you have completed your research for evidence, you will need to analyze the material to find the possible connections— both similarities and contrasts. Once you have analyzed your evidence, you will have a main idea or a working thesis. Think of the process of creating a thesis like a funnel, beginning with a general subject, narrowed by the purpose, and ending with a specific assertion, claim, or thesis.

How do I generate a thesis if the topic is assigned? Any assignment can be narrowed down to a single question. Your first task is to select the focal question that your essay will answer. If the assignment is a request for information, such as “Write a report on the benefits of expanding the Marina District in Downtown Toledo,” turn the request into a question— “What are the benefits of building the Marina District in Downtown Toledo?” After you have established the focal question, compose a one- to- two-sentence response based on your educated opinion.

Q: What are the benefits of the Marina District in Toledo?

A: The potential benefits of the development of the Marina District are….

How do I generate a thesis if the topic is not assigned?

Even if your instructor has not posed a specific question, you will need to create a question about the issue you plan to investigate. It is best if you first establish your subject; next consider the purpose of the essay. From this point you should be able to ask a question about the topic to then state a position or thesis.

Brainstorm the topic What are your concerns? What concerns are facing your field of study? For example, you are in construction and you are concerned with the slow recovery in New Orleans after Katrina. You begin the thought process like this:

Construction reform.

This is not a thesis; it is a fragment. This is a general subject from which you could take your paper in many directions. Perhaps from your research you have found that there were oversights in the codes for homes constructed in hurricane and flood zones. While everyone will agree that rebuilding flimsy homes is a bad idea, narrowing your topic to who should make the reform and what specific types are needed will assert your position.

Because a majority of the damage caused by Katrina was due to inadequate construction, the federal government needs to establish more stringent building codes before financing reconstruction.

Test your thesis

• Does it take a stand and capture the subject?
• Does it invite a discussion or can a simple statement respond it to?
• Is it specific to your paper?
• Is your claim significant?
• Are the words and phrases a unified by a single idea?

Test the sample thesis Because a majority of the damage caused by Katrina was due to inadequate construction, the federal government needs to establish more stringent building codes before financing reconstruction.

• Does it take a stand? Yes, the damage was due to inadequate construction and the federal government needs to step in.
• Does it invite discussion? Yes, some reasonable people may feel that it is not the government’s responsibility to enforce codes and that no building could withstand the force of Katrina.
• Is the thesis specific? Yes, it focuses on the aftermath of one storm and the steps to be taken before more federal funds should be used.
• Is the claim significant? Yes, rebuilding still needs to take place.
• Are the words focused on a single idea? Yes, not all issues are being addressed, just one aspect of a condition for rebuilding. Yet the thesis is still broad enough to allow the paper to explore examples of the types of destruction, building codes, and financial needs facing those devastated by Katrina.

  For any further questions or more a detailed explanation refer to your instructor,  The Little Brown Compact Handbook,  or the Writing Center.

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Difference Between Thesis and Purpose Statements

As you select your topic and plan your research, you’ll need to think about your point of focus. Your instructor may ask you to write a thesis statement or a purpose statement. Sometimes you will have both in the same paper. No matter what type of style you use – MLA, APA or Chicago , – you’ll need to include thesis or purpose statements.

How to Use Thesis or Purpose Statements

After you select your topic , you’ll need to determine the point of your paper. Are you trying to persuade your reader towards a certain conclusion? Are you comparing and contrasting other people’s arguments?

During the first part of developing your research paper or essay, you can create a rough draft of a thesis or purpose statement to drive your research. As you work through your paper, you’ll refine these statements.

Although your thesis or purpose statement is included in the introduction , it’s often advised to write your introduction last. That way, you’ve presented your research to its conclusion. Then, you’ll have a clear idea of your introduction.

Thesis Statements

Typically, your thesis statement will be placed at or near the end of your introduction. It can be one or two sentences, or even up to a paragraph long. However, don’t make it so long that the reader has difficulty understanding it. Your thesis statement is your argument or the answer to a question or problem. The thesis statement provides the scope, purpose and direction of your paper. It is specific and focused.

Focused interviews and examination of published research indicate that college students report increased satisfaction in attending classes with cultural diversity. Community colleges that embrace cultural diversity have happier students overall.

Purpose Statements

Purpose statements are used to let the reader know what the paper is about and what to expect from it. You can tell a purpose statement by the way it’s written. A purpose statement, unlike a thesis statement, doesn’t discuss any conclusions. It must also be concise and specific. For example, the sentence can begin with phrases such as:

• The purpose of this paper is to….
• This essay examines…..
• In this paper, I will describe…..

This essay examines cultural diversity in community colleges. The focus will be on how cultural diversity affects students’ daily lives.

Combining a Purpose and Thesis Statement

You may include both a purpose and thesis statement. Again, check with your instructor. Teachers will provide specific instructions for you to follow in completing your assignment.

This essay examines cultural diversity in community colleges. The focus will be on how cultural diversity affects students’ daily lives. Focused interviews and examination of published research indicate that college students report increased satisfaction in attending classes with cultural diversity. Community colleges that embrace cultural diversity have happier students overall.

Tying It All Together

The thesis or purpose statement needs to match what you state in your essay. Preparing an outline before you begin your paper helps you stay on track. Teachers will often assign an outline for that reason. However, even if it’s not part of your assignment, creating an outline is an effective way to organize your paper.

Your introduction and conclusion should tie together. The ideas you presented in your introduction will be backed up by the research in your paper, and your conclusion will bring it all together.

Generally, you’ll provide either a thesis statement or a purpose statement. As you enter college writing classes, you will need to understand how to write a good thesis statement. Your instructor will provide an assignment rubric, which you should follow at all times. The school or public librarian can guide you to excellent resources on writing essays and research papers.

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 4, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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Dissertation vs. Thesis: Comparing the Two Academic Projects

In the academic world, students are often required to complete a research project such as a thesis or a dissertation in order to earn their degree. Depending on your field of study, you might need to submit—and then defend—a thesis or a dissertation before you can graduate.

Although these two academic research projects might seem interchangeable, there are key differences between the two. And understanding these differences is essential for both students and their academic institution.

Thesis and dissertation: definitions

A thesis is a formal paper that presents original research and findings on a particular topic. It is typically submitted as part of the requirements for a master’s degree, although some doctoral programs may also require a thesis. A thesis is usually shorter in length than a dissertation and focuses more on original research and findings.

Conversely, a dissertation is a longer, more comprehensive piece of research that is written as part of the requirements for a doctoral degree. Dissertations are usually around 100 to 300 pages in length—and they require a great deal of original research and analysis. Unlike a thesis, a dissertation is not just focused on presenting findings but also on offering new insights and contributions to the field. In fact, the requirements of each project are folded into their definitions.

What defines a thesis?

A thesis is often a requirement for a master’s degree. While it’s usually shorter and more focused than a dissertation, your thesis will be expected to demonstrate your mastery of the subject and your ability to conduct original research. On top of that, you’ll have to analyze your findings—and present an organized, thoughtful argument! Thesis projects typically involve the collection and analysis of data, as well as the presentation of the findings.

What defines a dissertation?

On the other hand, a dissertation is a longer piece of research that is written as part of the requirements for a doctoral degree. Students pursuing their PhD might need to submit a dissertation in order to graduate.

Similar to a thesis, a dissertation must demonstrate the student’s mastery of their chosen research subject. Additionally, a dissertation must show the student’s ability to conduct original research and their ability to contribute new insights and knowledge to the field. Dissertations usually involve a great deal of research, data collection, and analysis and are typically 100 to 300 pages in length. In other words, these are major projects that take a lot of time to complete!

Thesis vs dissertation: a comparison

Perhaps the biggest differences between a thesis and a dissertation are the length and scope of each project. Theses are shorter, laser-focused pieces of research that are typically submitted as part of a master’s degree. Conversely, dissertations are longer, more comprehensive pieces of research that are submitted as part of a doctoral degree.

Another key difference between the two projects is the level of original research and analysis that is expected and required of the student. Theses are expected to demonstrate the student’s ability to conduct original research and present their findings; dissertations are expected to not only present findings but also to offer new insights and contributions to the field.

In terms of the academic requirements, the difference between a thesis and a dissertation is largely based on the level of the degree being pursued. Master’s programs typically require a thesis, while doctoral programs require a dissertation. The specific requirements and expectations for each project will vary depending on the institution and academic field. In other words, the higher your degree, the more intensive your research project. Perhaps that’s why the dissertation is the longer of these two academic research projects.

What is the difference in length between the two?

Length is one of the most noticeable differences between a thesis and a dissertation. A thesis is typically shorter than a dissertation, with an average length of around 50 pages. On the other hand, a dissertation is a much longer piece of work, typically around 100–200 pages in length.

However, length isn’t the only difference between these two academic research projects. The purpose can be largely different too!

What is the difference in purpose between the two?

The purpose of a thesis and a dissertation will vary according to your field of study. However, here’s a look at the main purpose of each:

• A thesis summarizes the student’s research findings. It must demonstrate the student’s understanding of the subject and their ability to apply what they’ve learned in a practical way.
• A dissertation shows the student’s ability to conduct independent and original research. It’s a comprehensive piece of work that is meant to contribute new knowledge and insights to their field.

In other words, a thesis researches a topic, and a dissertation might add a new research source because it helps position you as a thought leader .

Completing your thesis or dissertation is a huge accomplishment. However you’re not done when you turn in your paper. You’ll need to defend your research before you can earn that degree.

How is the defense different between the two?

The defense of a thesis and a dissertation is another difference between the two projects; however, it’s common for both projects to have an oral dissertation. In a thesis defense, the student is usually required to present their research and findings to a committee of professors within the institution. After the presentation, the committee will ask the student questions about their research and their findings. If the student demonstrates their mastery of the subject, there’s a good chance they’ll pass with flying colors!

Dissertation defense is more intensive—and more intimidating for the student. Your institution might assemble a committee of professors, peers, and other experts in your field. The committee will ask difficult questions to ensure that you not only have a firm grasp of the topic but have a well-developed argument with evidence to support your dissertation’s conclusion.

Regardless of whether you’re defending a thesis or a dissertation, you’ll probably have the moral support of your academic advisor in the room with you. A student’s advisor is with them every step of the way throughout the project, so it’s helpful and comforting when they attend the defense!

Perfect your dissertation or thesis with professional proofreading

The academic world is fun—but it’s also extremely challenging! As you write your thesis or dissertation, you might need a little professional assistance to proofread it. You’ve poured your heart and soul into this project, so make sure it’s perfectly proofread and ready for your defense committee!

Elite Editing offers proofreading services for students, businesses, and individuals. Visit our website to learn more!

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Dissertation vs Thesis: Understanding the Key Differences

Table of Contents

Undergraduate and graduate students often find themselves navigating the intricacies of higher education, including the requirement to complete a research project as part of their academic journey.

This can be a source of confusion, particularly when it comes to distinguishing between a dissertation and a thesis. While both terms are used interchangeably in some educational institutions, they actually have distinct meanings and purposes. Let's delve into the world of dissertations and theses, exploring their differences, purposes, and unique attributes.

Defining the Terms: Dissertation and Thesis

What is a dissertation.

A dissertation is a research project that marks the culmination of a doctoral program. It requires students to conduct original research and contribute new knowledge to their field of study. Dissertations are typically longer and more comprehensive than theses, as they delve deep into a specific topic, often spanning several chapters.

When embarking on a dissertation, students are expected to choose a research topic that is both relevant and original. This topic should contribute to the existing body of knowledge in their field and address a gap in current research. To accomplish this, students must thoroughly review the existing literature and identify areas that require further investigation.

What is a Thesis?

A thesis, on the other hand, is usually associated with a master's degree program. It is a research project that allows students to explore a particular topic in depth. Theses are generally shorter than dissertations, spanning fewer chapters. While they also require original research, the depth and scope may be narrower compared to a dissertation.

Similar to a dissertation, a thesis requires students to select a research topic and conduct a thorough literature review. However, due to the shorter length of a thesis, the literature review may not be as extensive as that of a dissertation. Nevertheless, it is still important for students to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the existing knowledge on their chosen topic.

Key Differences Between Dissertation and Thesis

Purpose and structure.

The primary difference between a dissertation and a thesis lies in their purpose and structure. A dissertation aims to contribute new knowledge to a specific field of study and is typically a more extensive and comprehensive project. It involves an in-depth exploration of a research problem or question, often requiring the collection and analysis of primary data. The structure of a dissertation usually includes multiple chapters, such as an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.

Furthermore, a dissertation often requires the student to engage in critical thinking, originality, and creativity to develop a unique contribution to the field. It may involve the development of new theories, models, or frameworks that can advance the understanding of a particular subject area.

Length and Depth of Research

Dissertations are known for their length and the depth of research they require. Doctoral candidates spend years conducting original research, analyzing data, and crafting comprehensive arguments. The research conducted for a dissertation is typically more extensive and rigorous compared to that of a thesis.

In addition, a dissertation often involves a thorough review of existing literature to establish a theoretical framework and identify research gaps. This review helps situate the research within the broader academic context and provides a foundation for the research design and methodology. The depth of research in a dissertation allows for a more comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the findings.

Degree Level and Requirements

Another key difference between dissertations and theses is the level of education for which they are typically required. Dissertations are a common requirement for doctoral degrees, such as Ph.D. programs, while theses are more commonly associated with master's degree programs. The specific requirements for each project may vary across institutions and academic disciplines.

Doctoral candidates are expected to demonstrate a high level of expertise and mastery in their field of study. They are often required to defend their dissertation orally in front of a committee of experts in the field. This defense allows for a rigorous examination of the research, ensuring its validity and contribution to the field.

On the other hand, theses for master's degrees are usually shorter in length and may not require the same level of originality and depth of research as a dissertation. However, they still require students to demonstrate their ability to critically analyze existing literature, conduct research, and present their findings in a coherent and scholarly manner.

Choosing Between a Dissertation and a Thesis

Factors to consider.

When deciding between a dissertation and a thesis, several factors should be taken into account. Firstly, consider your academic goals and the requirements of your degree program. If you aim to pursue a doctoral degree or a research career, a dissertation may be the most appropriate choice. However, if your goals are more focused on professional advancement or further specialization within your field, a thesis may suit your needs.

Understanding Your Academic Goals

Reflect on your academic interests and aspirations, as well as the amount of time and resources you are willing to invest in your research project. Each option comes with its own set of challenges and expectations, so it is important to choose the path that aligns with your academic and career goals.

The Process: From Proposal to Defense

The dissertation process.

The dissertation process involves multiple stages, starting with the development of a research proposal. Doctoral candidates must conduct a literature review, outline their research methodology, collect and analyze data, and present their findings in a comprehensive written document. The final step typically involves defending the dissertation orally, where candidates must respond to questions and critique from a committee of experts in the field.

The Thesis Process

The thesis process follows a similar trajectory but on a smaller scale. Students will still need to develop a research proposal, conduct a literature review, collect and analyze data, and present their findings in a written document. The defense process for a thesis may involve an oral presentation or an examination by a committee, depending on the institution's requirements.

The Role of Advisors in Dissertations and Theses

Guidance and support in the dissertation journey.

Dissertation advisors play a crucial role in guiding students through the research process. They provide valuable mentorship, offer insights into the field, and help refine research questions and methodologies. Advisor-advisee relationships are essential for the successful completion of a dissertation, as advisors provide ongoing feedback and support during the entire research journey.

Mentorship in the Thesis Process

Similarly, thesis advisors offer mentorship and guidance to students pursuing a master's degree. They help students refine their research topic, provide feedback on drafts, and ensure that the research project meets the required standards. Working closely with a knowledgeable advisor can significantly enhance a student's thesis experience and contribute to the overall success of the project.

Understanding the differences between dissertations and theses is essential for students embarking on their research journey. By considering their academic goals and evaluating the resources available, students can make an informed decision when choosing between a dissertation and a thesis. Additionally, the guidance and support provided by advisors throughout the process are invaluable and contribute to the successful completion of these significant research endeavors.

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Home > Blog > Tips for Online Students > Dissertation vs Thesis: The Differences that Matter

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Dissertation vs Thesis: The Differences that Matter

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: April 26, 2020

As a graduate student, you will have many different types of challenging coursework and assignments. However, the biggest project that you’ll work on when earning your master’s or doctoral degree will be your thesis or dissertation . The differences between a dissertation vs thesis are plenty. That’s because each of these pieces of writing happen at different times in one’s educational journey.

Let’s break down what a dissertation and thesis are so that you have a strong handle on what’s expected. For both a thesis and a dissertation, there is an obvious fluency and understanding of the subject one studies.

Let’s take a look at their similarities and differences.

Photo by  Glenn Carstens-Peters  on  Unsplash

What is a dissertation.

When you enter a doctoral program to earn a PhD, you will learn a lot about how to conduct your own research. At the culmination of your degree program, you’ll produce a dissertation.

A dissertation is a lengthy piece of written work that includes original research or expanded research on a new or existing topic. As the doctoral student, you get to choose what you want to explore and write about within your field of study.

What is a Thesis?

A thesis is also a scholarly piece of writing, but it is for those who are graduating from a master’s program. A thesis allows students to showcase their knowledge and expertise within the subject matter they have been studying.

Main Differences Between a Thesis vs. Dissertation

The biggest difference between a thesis and a dissertation is that a thesis is based on existing research.

On the other hand, a dissertation will more than likely require the doctoral student to conduct their own research and then perform analysis. The other big difference is that a thesis is for master’s students and the dissertation is for PhD students.

Structural Differences Between a Thesis and a Dissertation

Structurally, the two pieces of written analysis have many differences.

• A thesis is at least 100 pages in length
• A dissertation is 2-3x that in length
• A thesis expands upon and analyzes existing research
• A dissertation’s content is mostly attributed to the student as the author

Research Content and Oral Presentation

Once completed, some programs require students to orally present their thesis and dissertation to a panel of faculty members.

Typically, a dissertation oral presentation can take several hours. On the other hand, a thesis only takes about an hour to present and answer questions.

Let’s look at how the two scholarly works are similar and different:

Similarities:

• Each is considered a final project and required to graduate
• Both require immense understanding of the material
• Written skills are key to complete both
• Neither can be plagiarized
• Both are used to defend an argument
• Both require analytical skills
• You will have to draft, rewrite, and edit both pieces of writing
• For both, it is useful to have another person look over before submission
• Both papers are given deadlines

Differences:

• A dissertation is longer than a thesis
• A dissertation requires new research
• A dissertation requires a hypothesis that is then proven
• A thesis chooses a stance on an existing idea and defends it with analysis
• A dissertation has a longer oral presentation component

The Differences in Context: Location Matters

The united states.

In the US, everything that was previously listed is how schools differentiate between a thesis and a dissertation. A thesis is performed by master’s students, and a dissertation is written by PhD candidates.

In Europe, the distinction between a thesis and dissertation becomes a little more cloudy. That’s because PhD programs may require a doctoral thesis to graduate. Then, as a part of a broader post-graduate research project, students may complete a dissertation.

Photo by  Russ Ward  on  Unsplash

The purpose behind written research.

Each piece of writing is an opportunity for a student to demonstrate his or her ability to think critically, express their opinions in writing, and present their findings in front of their department.

Graduate degrees take a lot of time, energy, and hard work to complete. When it comes to writing such lengthy and informative pieces, there is a lot of time management that is involved. The purpose of both a thesis and a dissertation are written proof that you understand and have mastered the subject matter of your degree.

Degree Types

A doctoral degree, or PhD, is the highest degree that one can earn. In most cases, students follow the following path to achieve this level of education: Earn a bachelor’s degree, then a master’s, and then a PhD. While not every job title requires this deep educational knowledge, the salaries that come along with each level of higher education increase accordingly.

Earning Your Degree

Whether you are currently a prospective student considering earning your higher education degree or a student enrolled in a master’s or doctoral program, you know the benefits of education.

However, for some, earning a traditional degree on-campus doesn’t make sense. This could be because of the financial challenges, familial obligations, accessibility, or any other number of reasons.

For students who are seeking their higher education degrees but need a flexible, affordable, and quality alternative to traditional college, take a look at the programs that the University of the People has to offer.

University of the People is an entirely online, US accredited and tuition-free institution dedicated to higher education. You can earn your Master’s in Business Administration or your Master’s in Education . Not to mention, there are a handful of associate’s and bachelor’s degree programs to choose from as well.

If you want to learn more, get in touch with us !

The Bottom Line

Regardless of where and when you earn your master’s or doctoral degree, you will likely have to complete a thesis or dissertation. The main difference between a thesis and dissertation is the level at which you complete them. A thesis is for a master’s degree, and a dissertation is for a doctoral degree.

Don’t be overwhelmed by the prospect of having to research and write so much. Your educational journey has prepared you with the right time management skills and writing skills to make this feat achievable!

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At UoPeople, our blog writers are thinkers, researchers, and experts dedicated to curating articles relevant to our mission: making higher education accessible to everyone. Read More

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Writing Center

Effective introductions and thesis statements, make them want to continue reading.

Writing an effective introduction is an art form. The introduction is the first thing that your reader sees. It is what invests the reader in your paper, and it should make them want to continue reading. You want to be creative and unique early on in your introduction; here are some strategies to help catch your reader’s attention:

• Tell a brief anecdote or story
• As a series of short rhetorical questions
• Use a powerful quotation
• Refute a common belief
• Cite a dramatic fact or statistic

Your introduction also needs to adequately explain the topic and organization of your paper.

Your  thesis statement  identifies the purpose of your paper. It also helps focus the reader on your central point. An effective thesis establishes a tone and a point of view for a given purpose and audience. Here are some important things to consider when constructing your thesis statement.

• Don’t just make a factual statement – your thesis is your educated opinion on a topic.
• Don’t write a highly opinionated statement that might offend your audience.
• Don’t simply make an announcement (ex. “Tuition should be lowered” is a much better thesis than “My essay will discuss if tuition should be lowered”).
• Don’t write a thesis that is too broad – be specific.

The thesis is often located in the middle or at the end of the introduction, but considerations about audience, purpose, and tone should always guide your decision about its placement.

Sometimes it’s helpful to wait to write the introduction until after you’ve written the essay’s body because, again, you want this to be one of the strongest parts of the paper.

Example of an introduction:

Innocent people murdered because of the hysteria of young girls! Many people believe that the young girls who accused citizens of Salem, Massachusetts of taking part in witchcraft were simply acting to punish their enemies. But recent evidence shows that the young girls may have been poisoned by a fungus called Ergot, which affects rye and wheat. The general public needs to learn about this possible cause for the hysteria that occurred in Salem so that society can better understand what happened in the past, how this event may change present opinion, and how the future might be changed by learning this new information.

By Rachel McCoppin, Ph.D. Last edited October 2016 by Allison Haas, M.A.

7.2 The Topic, General Purpose, Specific Purpose, and Thesis

Click below to play an audio file of this section of the chapter sponsored by the Women for OSU Partnering to Impact grant.

Before any work can be done on crafting the body of your speech or presentation, you must first do some prep work—selecting a topic, formulating a general purpose, a specific purpose statement, and crafting a central idea, or thesis statement. In doing so, you lay the foundation for your speech by making important decisions about what you will speak about and for what purpose you will speak. These decisions will influence and guide the entire speechwriting process, so it is wise to think carefully and critically during these beginning stages.

Selecting a Topic

Generally, speakers focus on one or more interrelated topics—relatively broad concepts, ideas, or problems that are relevant for particular audiences. The most common way that speakers discover topics is by simply observing what is happening around them—at their school, in their local government, or around the world. Student government leaders, for example, speak or write to other students when their campus is facing tuition or fee increases, or when students have achieved something spectacular, like lobbying campus administrators for lower student fees and succeeding. In either case, it is the situation that makes their speeches appropriate and useful for their audience of students and university employees. More importantly, they speak when there is an opportunity to change a university policy or to alter the way students think or behave in relation to a particular event on campus.

But you need not run for president or student government in order to give a meaningful speech. On the contrary, opportunities abound for those interested in engaging speech as a tool for change. Perhaps the simplest way to find a topic is to ask yourself a few questions, including:

• What important events are occurring locally, nationally and internationally? • What do I care about most? • Is there someone or something I can advocate for? • What makes me angry/happy? • What beliefs/attitudes do I want to share? • Is there some information the audience needs to know?

Students speak about what is interesting to them and their audiences. What topics do you think are relevant today? There are other questions you might ask yourself, too, but these should lead you to at least a few topical choices. The most important work that these questions do is to locate topics within your pre-existing sphere of knowledge and interest. David Zarefsky (2010) also identifies brainstorming as a way to develop speech topics, a strategy that can be helpful if the questions listed above did not yield an appropriate or interesting topic. Starting with a topic you are already interested in will likely make writing and presenting your speech a more enjoyable and meaningful experience. It means that your entire speechwriting process will focus on something you find important and that you can present this information to people who stand to benefit from your speech.

Once you have answered these questions and narrowed your responses, you are still not done selecting your topic. For instance, you might have decided that you really care about breeds of dogs. This is a very broad topic and could easily lead to a dozen different speeches. To resolve this problem, speakers must also consider the audience to whom they will speak, the scope of their presentation, and the outcome they wish to achieve.

Formulating the Purpose Statements

By honing in on a very specific topic, you begin the work of formulating your purpose statement . In short, a purpose statement clearly states what it is you would like to achieve. Purpose statements are especially helpful for guiding you as you prepare your speech. When deciding which main points, facts, and examples to include, you should simply ask yourself whether they are relevant not only to the topic you have selected, but also whether they support the goal you outlined in your purpose statement. The general purpose statement of a speech may be to inform, to persuade, to celebrate, or to entertain. Thus, it is common to frame a specific purpose statement around one of these goals. According to O’Hair, Stewart, and Rubenstein, a specific purpose statement “expresses both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve” (2004). For instance, the home design enthusiast might write the following specific purpose statement: At the end of my speech, the audience will learn the pro’s and con’s of flipping houses. In short, the general purpose statement lays out the broader goal of the speech while the specific purpose statement describes precisely what the speech is intended to do. Some of your professors may ask that you include the general purpose and add the specific purpose.

Writing the Thesis Statement

The specific purpose statement is a tool that you will use as you write your talk, but it is unlikely that it will appear verbatim in your speech. Instead, you will want to convert the specific purpose statement into a central idea, or thesis statement that you will share with your audience.

Depending on your instructor’s approach, a thesis statement may be written two different ways. A thesis statement may encapsulate the main points of a speech in just a sentence or two, and be designed to give audiences a quick preview of what the entire speech will be about. The thesis statement for a speech, like the thesis of a research-based essay, should be easily identifiable and ought to very succinctly sum up the main points you will present. Some instructors prefer that your thesis, or central idea, be a single, declarative statement providing the audience with an overall statement that provides the essence of the speech, followed by a separate preview statement.

If you are a Harry Potter enthusiast, you may write a thesis statement (central idea) the following way using the above approach: J.K. Rowling is a renowned author of the Harry Potter series with a Cinderella like story having gone from relatively humble beginnings, through personal struggles, and finally success and fame.

Writing the Preview Statement

However, some instructors prefer that you separate your thesis from your preview statement . A preview statement (or series of statements) is a guide to your speech. This is the part of the speech that literally tells the audience exactly what main points you will cover. If you were to open your Waze app, it would tell you exactly how to get there. Best of all, you would know what to look for! So, if we take our J.K Rowling example, let’s rewrite that using this approach separating out the thesis and preview:

J.K. Rowling is a renowned author of the Harry Potter series with a Cinderella like rags to riches story. First, I will tell you about J.K. Rowling’s humble beginnings. Then, I will describe her personal struggles as a single mom. Finally, I will explain how she overcame adversity and became one of the richest women in the United Kingdom.

There is no best way to approach this. This is up to your instructor.

Writing the Body of Your Speech

Once you have finished the important work of deciding what your speech will be about, as well as formulating the purpose statement and crafting the thesis, you should turn your attention to writing the body of your speech. All of your main points are contained in the body, and normally this section is prepared well before you ever write the introduction or conclusion. The body of your speech will consume the largest amount of time to present; and it is the opportunity for you to elaborate on facts, evidence, examples, and opinions that support your thesis statement and do the work you have outlined in the specific purpose statement. Combining these various elements into a cohesive and compelling speech, however, is not without its difficulties, the first of which is deciding which elements to include and how they ought to be organized to best suit your purpose.

This resource is available at no cost at https://open.library.okstate.edu/speech2713/

clearly states what it is you would like to achieve

“expresses both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve" (O'Hair, Stewart, & Rubenstein, 2004)

single, declarative sentence that captures the essence or main point of your entire presentation

the part of the speech that literally tells the audience exactly what main points you will cover

Introduction to Speech Communication Copyright © 2021 by Individual authors retain copyright of their work. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Dissertation Vs Thesis: How Are They Different

Dissertation vs thesis! What are you writing? 

Table of Contents

Many graduate students from universities in Canada often get confused and mix both terms. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they carry distinct meanings and purposes in academia. Read this blog to fully understand the difference between a thesis and a dissertation. 

What Is A Dissertation

A dissertation is a substantial piece of academic writing typically required to complete a doctoral degree (such as a Ph.D.). It represents an original and significant contribution to the field of study and is usually the culmination of several years of research and study.

What Is A Thesis

A thesis is a scholarly piece of writing, usually at the master’s or undergraduate level, that presents an original research question, methodology, and findings. It represents the culmination of a student’s academic work and demonstrates their ability to contribute to the field of study.

The Evolution Of Dissertation Vs Thesis

The history of the thesis and dissertation dates back several centuries, and the evolution of these academic documents reflects changes in scholarly practices, educational systems, and the expectations of advanced degree programs. 

Medieval Origins

The concept of a scholarly thesis has roots in medieval universities. In the 12th and 13th centuries, institutions like the University of Paris introduced the practice of disputations, where students defended their theses in a public forum. These early theses were often theological or philosophical in nature.

Renaissance And Early Modern Period

During the Renaissance, the practice of defending theses continued to evolve. The 16th and 17th centuries saw an increasing emphasis on empirical observation and scientific inquiry. The thesis became more diverse, covering topics in natural philosophy, mathematics, and other emerging disciplines.

18th And 19th Centuries

The 18th century marked the formalization of the thesis as a requirement for academic degrees. Universities started to mandate the submission of a written document along with the oral defence. This practice became more standardized in the 19th century as universities across Europe and North America adopted similar academic norms.

Evolution Of The Dissertation

The term “dissertation” has its roots in the Latin word “dissertatio,” meaning “discussion.” Dissertations, as we understand them today, emerged in the 19th century, primarily in German universities. Doctoral candidates were required to produce substantial research demonstrating their ability to contribute original knowledge to their field.

20th Century

The 20th century saw a global expansion of higher education and an increase in the number of doctoral programs. The thesis and dissertation became integral components of graduate education worldwide. The structure, format (eg, APA or MLA ), and expectations for these documents varied among disciplines and institutions.

Electronic Theses And Dissertations (ETDs)

With the advent of digital technology in the late 20th century, there was a shift toward electronic submission of theses and dissertations. This made research papers more accessible and facilitated the dissemination of knowledge. Many universities now require the submission of ETDs.

Contemporary Trends In Dissertation Vs Thesis

In the 21st century, the thesis and dissertation continue to evolve. Educational institutions are adapting to new forms of scholarship , interdisciplinary research, and varied modes of dissemination. The focus is often on producing high-quality, original research that contributes significantly to the academic community.

What Is The Difference Between A Dissertation And A Thesis 

Thesis Vs Dissertation: Length And Depth

One of the key differences between a thesis vs dissertation lies in their length and depth of research:

Theses are typically shorter in length, ranging from 50 to 100 pages, depending on the institution and program requirements. The research conducted for a thesis is expected to contribute to the existing literature but may not need to be as exhaustive as that of a dissertation.

Dissertation

Dissertations, being the pinnacle of doctoral research, are substantially longer, often exceeding 100 pages and sometimes reaching several hundred pages. Doctoral candidates are expected to delve deeply into their chosen topic, conducting extensive research and offering a unique contribution to the academic community.

Dissertation Vs Thesis: Scope And Purpose

Another significant distinction between a dissertation vs thesis is the scope and purpose of the research:

The primary goal of a thesis is to demonstrate a student’s understanding of the subject and their ability to conduct independent research within a defined scope. A thesis is often more focused and may be an exploration or analysis of a specific aspect of a broader topic. For example, a finance thesis could be about any topic within the subject. 

Dissertations, being doctoral-level projects, have a broader scope. Doctoral candidates are expected to make an original and substantial contribution to the field, advancing existing knowledge and addressing gaps in the current literature. Dissertations often involve more extensive data collection, analysis, and synthesis of information.

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Dissertation Vs Thesis: The Similarities

While there are distinct differences between a thesis vs dissertation, they also share several similarities, reflecting their common purpose within academic research papers . Here are some key similarities between a dissertation and a thesis.

Research Component

Both dissertations and theses involve original research and scholarly inquiry. Students are expected to engage in a systematic investigation of a chosen topic, demonstrate a deep understanding of existing literature, and contribute new knowledge or insights to their field.

Academic Rigour

Both documents adhere to high standards of academic rigour and integrity. They require meticulous attention to detail, adherence to citation and referencing styles, and a commitment to intellectual honesty.

Formal Structure

Dissertations and theses typically follow a formal structure, including elements such as a thesis statement , an introduction, a literature review, methodology, results, a discussion, and a conclusion. This structured format ensures a comprehensive presentation of the research.

Faculty Guidance

In both cases, students work closely with faculty advisors or mentors throughout the research process. Advisors guide research design, literature review, data analysis, and other aspects of the project.

Oral Defense

A commonality between dissertations and theses is the requirement for an oral defence. In many academic institutions, students must defend their research findings before a committee of faculty members. This defence allows students to articulate their research methods, results, and conclusions, while also responding to questions and critiques.

Degree Requirement

Both a thesis and a dissertation serve as a crucial component for the completion of an academic degree. Thesis is typically associated with master’s programs, while dissertations are a requirement for doctoral degrees. In both cases, successfully completing the research project is essential for obtaining the respective degrees.

Contribution To Knowledge

Whether a thesis or a dissertation, the primary goal is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field. Both documents aim to advance understanding, address gaps in the literature, and offer meaningful insights that can inform future research.

Literature Review

A comprehensive literature review is a common element in both dissertations and theses. This section provides context for the research by summarizing and critiquing relevant scholarly works, helping establish the rationale and significance of the study.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a dissertation and a thesis.

A thesis is a shorter, master’s-level research document demonstrating mastery of a subject. A dissertation, typically for a doctoral degree, is longer and requires a more extensive, original contribution to the field.

What is the difference between a master thesis and dissertation?

A master’s thesis is a shorter research document showcasing mastery of a specific subject. A dissertation, associated with a doctoral degree, is more extensive, requiring a substantial, original contribution to the field.

Are thesis and dissertation the same thing?

No, a thesis and a dissertation are not the same. A thesis is a research document associated with a master’s degree, demonstrating mastery of a subject. A dissertation is a more extensive research document required for a doctoral degree, emphasizing original contribution to the field.

Where to find thesis and dissertations?

There are several online sources that can help you in finding the perfect thesis and dissertation for your research. ResearchProspect Canada is one of the leading and trustworthy brands, helping students achieve academic excellence.

What is electronic thesis and dissertation?

An Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) is a digital version of a student’s thesis or dissertation. It is submitted and stored electronically, allowing easy access, distribution, and archiving, reflecting the shift towards digital formats in academia.

How to cite theses and dissertation?

To cite theses and dissertations, follow the citation style specified by your academic institution or the preferred style guide (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Include author, title, publication year, institution, and retrieval information for online sources, ensuring consistency and accuracy.

How to cite pro quest dissertation and theses APA?

To cite a ProQuest dissertation or thesis in APA format, use the following template: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No.). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Include the ProQuest publication number for online sources.

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Thesis vs. Dissertation: What’s the difference?

Thesis and dissertation are extensive research papers that differ in terms of their requirements, length, and purpose, with the former being associated with a master's degree and the latter with a doctoral degree, but are often used interchangeably.

Updated on September 15, 2023

A thesis and a dissertation are both extensive research papers, and both require literature searches and novel findings, but the two differ in various ways. Their definitions also differ across regions. Typically, in North America, a thesis is required for the completion of a master’s degree, while a dissertation is required for the completion of a doctoral degree. The former is long, while the latter is longer and more intensive.

Despite these differences, the two terms are often used interchangeably, especially among those who haven’t completed one or the other. Here, we’ll compare the components, length, and purpose of these two academic documents to clearly understand the differences between these important papers in the life of a graduate student.

What’s a thesis?

The term “thesis” explained here is generally consistent with how the word is used in North America to describe this substantive research paper.

A thesis is an extended argument (PDF). It is a research-based document that displays the student’s/author’s knowledge and understanding of a specific subject within their field of study. It generally presents findings on a particular topic. 

See this and this (PDFs) for examples. These superb master’s theses from Canada will give you an idea of the size and format of these papers.

Who would write a thesis?

You generally write a thesis if you’re undertaking a research-oriented master's degree program (as opposed to a practical program, which may require a capstone, internship, exam, etc.). 

The thesis is the essential part of a program’s research component, demonstrating the student's ability to critically analyze the literature and complete independent research. The process of writing a thesis involves exploring a specific research question, conducting a comprehensive literature review, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings in a structured and cohesive way.

A thesis' specific requirements and expectations differ depending on the academic institution, department, and program.

Components of a thesis

A thesis is typically presented in chapters. How many chapters will vary, but a common structure is:

• Introduction: Presents the research topic, purpose, and objectives, setting the context for the work.
• Literature review: Comprehensive survey of existing scholarly material related to the research topic, highlighting key theories and findings.
• Methodology: Describes the methods, procedures, and tools used in doing the research.
• Research: The actual performing of the study, collecting, and analyzing data relevant to the research question.
• Findings and conclusions: Gives the results obtained and explains their significance in relation to the research question.
• Limitations and future research: Outlines the study’s shortcomings and suggests potential areas for future investigation.

Within that structure, and in addition to those parts, a thesis may also include: 

• Cover page: Contains the thesis title, author's name, institution, department, date, and other relevant information
• Abstract : A brief summary of the thesis, highlighting the research objectives, methods, key findings, and conclusions.
• Certificates of own work
• Certificate of readiness to be included in the library
• Certificate that the research has not been presented to another university
• Acknowledgments
• Table of contents: List of the main sections, subsections, and corresponding page numbers.
• Index of figures and tables
• References: A comprehensive list of all the sources cited in the thesis, following a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).
• Appendices (optional): Additional materials include:
• Abbreviations and/or acronyms used
• Questionnaire or interview schedule/s (if used)
• Data acquired in the form of transcripts or numeric tables
• Research protocol
• Ethics protocol

What’s a dissertation?

This is also viewed from a North American perspective, where a dissertation is usually the main research work toward completing a research-based doctoral program.

A dissertation is a comprehensive and in-depth research project completed as part of the requirements for a doctoral degree. It’s a substantial piece of original work that contributes new knowledge to a specific field of study.  Naturally, when it’s completed as the major requirement for earning a PhD, it’s longer, more detailed, and the expectations are higher.

Dissertations themselves can add to the literature in the field. For this reason, some students choose to publish them and have them indexed. The research and the data acquired while working on a dissertation can potentially lead to more publications and help define the researcher’s growing area of expertise.

See this and this (PDFs)  top-ranking dissertation on ProQuest for good examples.

Who would write a dissertation?

Completion and defense of a dissertation is a standard requirement for doctoral students to earn a PhD or another doctorate such as an EdD or DM. But some specialized degrees, such as a PsyD (Doctor of Psychology), JD (Juris Doctor) or DPT (Doctor of Physical Therapy) may have practice-based requirements in place of a research project, as these courses of study are geared more toward practical application.

Components of a dissertation

A dissertation’s components are generally the same as those of a thesis. You can look at the list above for a thesis to see what typically goes into a dissertation. But, if compared with a master’s thesis, most aspects are longer and more rigorous.

The word count requirements for theses can vary significantly, but doctoral dissertations often range 40,000–80,000 words or, per Harvard , 100–300 pages.

Differences between a thesis and a dissertation

As already touched on, the key differences are in where the two documents are used, length, and rigor. There are also regional differences.

A thesis typically demonstrates a master’s degree program student's grasp and presentation of a specific subject in their field of study. It normally involves a literature review, data analysis, and original research, but it is usually shorter and less comprehensive than a dissertation. The standards for rigor and novelty may also be lower.

A dissertation requires more extensive research, original contributions to the field, and a deeper exploration of the research topic. A dissertation is typically the output associated with a doctoral degree program.

The main differences in structure between a thesis and a dissertation are in the scope and complexity.

The word count requirement for theses and dissertations can vary depending on the institution and program.

A thesis is usually 20,000–40,000 words. However, there have been cases of mathematics dissertations that were only a few pages long!

Doctoral dissertations may range 60,000 to upward of 100,000 words, and exceed 100 pages. Many universities, however, seek around 80,000 words.

Oversight and process

A thesis may simply be submitted to the student's instructor, though rigorous thesis programs require a committee and defense. A dissertation will nearly always require the student to choose a chair, a committee, and then go through a more rigorous defense and revision (if necessary).

• Committee: Master's thesis committees usually have fewer members (typically 2–3) than doctoral dissertation committees (often 4–5, or even more).
• Guidance: Master's students often receive more detailed direction from advisers than doctoral students, who are expected to work more independently.
• Review: Dissertation reviews are typically more rigorous, often involving external reviewers, while thesis reviews are usually internal.
• Defense: A dissertation defense is generally more intense and formal, as it often involves a presentation to the wider academic community, while a thesis defense might be more confined and informal.
• Revision: The revision process for a doctoral dissertation is typically more extensive, given the larger scope of the project and higher stakes involved, compared with those for a master's thesis.

Regional differences

The terms' use varies among (and even within) countries. Here are some general regional differences:

In the United Kingdom, a thesis is commonly associated with both master's and doctoral degree programs. For example, the University College London  refers to a thesis for EngD, MPhil, MD(Res), and PhD degrees. At the University of Nottingham , a dissertation is written for a research master’s degree.

In Australia and New Zealand , “thesis” is generally used to refer to a substantial research project completed for a higher degree, though not limited to a master’s (you’ll find ample references to a “PhD thesis”).

In Latin American countries,  the thesis is commonly used to refer to both master's and doctoral research projects.

Closing thoughts

Both theses and dissertations are necessary documents for students in graduate programs. Despite the differences in expectations, and even in definitions of these papers, the student-author must do a diligent and rigorous job to earn their degree.

Here are a few helpful resources if you want to get into greater detail:

• Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step-By-Step Guide
• 100 PhD rules of the game to successfully complete a doctoral dissertation (PDF)
• Theses and Dissertations: A Guide to Writing in Social and Physical Sciences

Perfect the English on your thesis or dissertation

Whether you’re submitting a thesis or a dissertation, if it’s in English, it should:

• Have no grammatical or spelling mistakes
• Use field-appropriate language
• Concisely and clearly communicate your research.

That’s what AJE expert editors will do for you. Within days, you can receive an expert English edit of your work. The editor will be familiar with your field of study and will comprehensively improve both the language quality and the delivery of your message. Look into AJE English Editing .

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Thesis vs Purpose - What's the difference?

As nouns the difference between thesis and purpose, as a verb purpose is, derived terms, related terms, external links, etymology 1, etymology 2.