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• My Hero - Biography of Jose Rizal
• CORE - Jose Rizal in Filipino Literature and History
• GlobalSecurity.org - José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
• Library of Congress - Biography of José Rizal
• Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation - José Rizal
• National Library Board Singapore - Singapore Infopedia - José Rizal
• José Rizal - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
• Who was José Rizal and what were his major contributions to Filipino history?
• What were José Rizal's most famous literary works and what themes did they explore?
• How did José Rizal's writings influence the Philippine independence movement?
• What were the key events that led to José Rizal's execution, and how did it impact the Filipino people?
• How is José Rizal remembered and honored in the Philippines today?
• What were José Rizal's views on education and social reform in the Philippines?
• How did José Rizal's travels in Europe influence his perspective on Filipino society?
• What was José Rizal's role in the formation of La Liga Filipina, and what were the organization's goals?
• How did José Rizal's family background shape his political and social views?
• How has José Rizal's legacy influenced modern Filipino literature and culture?

José Rizal (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila) was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.

The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid . A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country , though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.

In 1887 Rizal published his first novel , Noli me tangere ( The Social Cancer ), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines . A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed ), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. He published an annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the leader of the Propaganda Movement , contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad , published in Barcelona . Rizal’s political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.

Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga Filipina , in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao . He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan , a Filipino nationalist secret society , revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “ Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.

Biography of José Rizal, National Hero of the Philippines

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Life in Europe

Novels and other writing, program of reforms, exile and courtship, trial and execution.

• Ph.D., History, Boston University
• J.D., University of Washington School of Law
• B.A., History, Western Washington University

José Rizal (June 19, 1861–December 30, 1896) was a man of intellectual power and artistic talent whom Filipinos honor as their national hero. He excelled at anything that he put his mind to: medicine, poetry, sketching, architecture, sociology, and more. Despite little evidence, he was martyred by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion when he was only 35.

Fast Facts: José Rizal

• Known For : National hero of the Philippines for his key role inspiring the Philippine Revolution against colonial Spain
• Also Known As: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
• Born : June 19, 1861, at Calamba, Laguna
• Parents : Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos
• Died : December 30, 1896, in Manila, the Philippines
• Education : Ateneo Municipal de Manila; studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila; medicine and philosophy at the Universidad Central de Madrid; ophthalmology at the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg
• Published Works : Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
• Spouse : Josephine Bracken (married two hours before his death)
• Notable Quote: "On this battlefield man has no better weapon than his intelligence, no other force but his heart."

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861, at Calamba, Laguna, the seventh child of Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos. The family were wealthy farmers who rented land from the Dominican religious order. Descendants of a Chinese immigrant named Domingo Lam-co, they changed their name to Mercado ("market") under the pressure of anti-Chinese feeling among the Spanish colonizers.

From an early age, Rizal showed a precocious intellect. He learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of 3 and could read and write at age 5.

Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, graduating at age 16 with the highest honors. He took a post-graduate course there in land surveying.

Rizal completed his surveyor's training in 1877 and passed the licensing exam in May 1878, but he could not receive a license to practice because he was only 17. He was granted a license in 1881 when he reached the age of majority.

In 1878, the young man enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas as a medical student. He later quit the school, alleging discrimination against Filipino students by the Dominican professors.

In May 1882, Rizal got on a ship to Spain without informing his parents. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid after arriving. In June 1884, he received his medical degree at the age of 23; the following year, he graduated from the Philosophy and Letters department.

Inspired by his mother's advancing blindness, Rizal next went to the University of Paris and then to the University of Heidelberg for further study in ophthalmology. At Heidelberg, he studied under the famed professor Otto Becker (1828–1890). Rizal finished his second doctorate at Heidelberg in 1887.

Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years and picked up a number of languages. He could converse in more than 10 different tongues. While in Europe, the young Filipino impressed everyone he met with his charm, intelligence, and mastery of a range of different fields of study. Rizal excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting, teaching, anthropology , and journalism, among other areas.

During his European sojourn, he also began to write novels. Rizal finished his first book, " Noli Me Tangere " (Latin for "Touch Me Not"), while living in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany, with the Rev. Karl Ullmer.

Rizal wrote "Noli Me Tangere" in Spanish; it was published in 1887 in Berlin, Germany. The novel is a scathing indictment of the Catholic Church and Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, and its publication cemented Rizal's position on the Spanish colonial government's list of troublemakers. When Rizal returned home for a visit, he received a summons from the governor-general and had to defend himself against charges of disseminating subversive ideas.

Although the Spanish governor accepted Rizal's explanations, the Catholic Church was less willing to forgive. In 1891, Rizal published a sequel, titled " El Filibusterismo ." When published in English, it was titled "The Reign of Greed."

In his novels and newspaper editorials, Rizal called for a number of reforms of the Spanish colonial system in the Philippines. He advocated freedom of speech and assembly, equal rights before the law for Filipinos, and Filipino priests in place of the often-corrupt Spanish churchmen. In addition, Rizal called for the Philippines to become a province of Spain, with representation in the Spanish legislature, the Cortes Generales .

Rizal never called for independence for the Philippines. Nonetheless, the colonial government considered him a dangerous radical and declared him an enemy of the state.

In 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines. He was almost immediately accused of being involved in the brewing rebellion and was exiled to Dapitan City, on the island of Mindanao. Rizal would stay there for four years, teaching school and encouraging agricultural reforms.

During that period, the people of the Philippines grew more eager to revolt against the Spanish colonial presence. Inspired in part by Rizal's progressive organization La Liga , rebel leaders such as Andres Bonifacio (1863–1897) began to press for military action against the Spanish regime.

In Dapitan, Rizal met and fell in love with Josephine Bracken, who brought her stepfather to him for a cataract operation. The couple applied for a marriage license but were denied by the Church, which had excommunicated Rizal.

The Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. Rizal denounced the violence and received permission to travel to Cuba to tend to victims of yellow fever in exchange for his freedom. Bonifacio and two associates sneaked aboard the ship to Cuba before it left the Philippines and tried to convince Rizal to escape with them, but Rizal refused.

He was arrested by the Spanish on the way, taken to Barcelona, and then extradited to Manila for trial. Rizal was tried by court-martial and charged with conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion. Despite a lack of evidence of his complicity in the Revolution, Rizal was convicted on all counts and given a death sentence.

He was allowed to marry Bracken two hours before his execution by firing squad in Manila on December 30, 1896. Rizal was just 35 years old.

José Rizal is remembered today throughout the Philippines for his brilliance, courage, peaceful resistance to tyranny, and compassion. Filipino schoolchildren study his final literary work, a poem called " Mi Ultimo Adios " ("My Last Goodbye"), and his two famous novels.

Spurred by Rizal's martyrdom, the Philippine Revolution continued until 1898. With assistance from the United States, the Philippine archipelago defeated the Spanish army. The Philippines declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, becoming the first democratic republic in Asia.

• de Ocampo, Estaban A. " Dr. Jose Rizal, Father of Filipino Nationalism ." Journal of Southeast Asian History .
• Rizal, José. "One Hundred Letters of José Rizal." Philippine National Historical Society.
• Valenzuela, Maria Theresa. " Constructing National Heroes: Postcolonial Philippine and Cuban Biographies of José Rizal and José Martí ." Biography .
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Jose Rizal Biography

Birthday: June 19 , 1861 ( Gemini )

Born In: Calamba, Laguna

Hailed as the greatest national hero of the Philippines, Jose Rizal was a man of strong convictions who sacrificed his life for the nationalist cause. During his time Philippines was under Spanish colonial rule and Rizal advocated for peaceful reforms in his home country. Rizal was not just a nationalist, he was a multifaceted personality who was a qualified doctor, writer, and an artist who could draw, paint, sculpt and carve. He was a prolific writer and poet who through his eloquent writings inspired the nationalists for peaceful reforms as well as armed conflicts where the need arose. Born into a family which valued education, he was encouraged to study well and gain knowledge about a variety of subjects. Even as a youngster he was known to harbor thoughts of political freedom and individual rights which were considered radical by the authorities who frowned upon him. A well traveled man, he became involved in the Propaganda Movement where he joined other Filipinos who wanted reforms. He also wrote about the dark aspects of Spanish rule in a book which was banned in Philippines. Even though he was a supporter of peaceful reforms, he was exiled from his home country, and later on convicted of sedition and sentenced to death. The execution of this young nationalist fuelled the Filipinos’ desire for independence further.

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Also Known As: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

Died At Age: 35

Spouse/Ex-: Josephine Bracken

father: Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado de Alejandro

mother: Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda de Quintos

siblings: Concepción, José Protasio, Josefa, Lucia, Maria, Narcisa, Paciano Rizal, Saturina, Soledad, Trinidad

children: Francísco Rizal y Bracken

Born Country: Philippines

Revolutionaries Filipino Men

Died on: December 30 , 1896

place of death: Bagumbayan, Manila[

Cause of Death: Execution

Founder/Co-Founder: La Liga Filipina

education: University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Ateneo de Manila University, University of Paris, Complutense University of Madrid, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, University of Santo Tomas

awards: - FAMAS Awards for Best Story category for Gerardo de León's adaptation of his book Noli Me Tángere

You wanted to know

Why is jose rizal considered a national hero in the philippines.

Jose Rizal is considered a national hero in the Philippines because of his significant role in the country's fight for independence from Spanish colonial rule. He was a prominent figure in the Philippine Revolution and used his writings to inspire and mobilize Filipinos to stand up against oppressive colonial forces.

What were Jose Rizal's major contributions to Philippine society and history?

Jose Rizal made major contributions to Philippine society and history through his literary works, which exposed the injustices and abuses of the Spanish colonial government. His novels, such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," sparked nationalistic sentiments and paved the way for the Philippine Revolution.

How did Jose Rizal's ideas and writings influence the Philippine Revolution?

Jose Rizal's ideas and writings greatly influenced the Philippine Revolution by awakening the national consciousness of Filipinos and inspiring them to fight for their rights and freedom. His works challenged the status quo and encouraged Filipinos to resist colonial oppression and work towards independence.

What was Jose Rizal's stance on education and reform in the Philippines?

Jose Rizal advocated for education and reform in the Philippines as a means to uplift the country and its people. He believed that education was key to national progress and emphasized the importance of critical thinking, civic responsibility, and cultural pride in shaping a better future for the nation.

How did Jose Rizal's martyrdom impact the course of Philippine history?

Jose Rizal's martyrdom, through his execution by the Spanish authorities, further fueled the flames of revolution in the Philippines. His death served as a rallying cry for Filipinos to continue the fight for independence and galvanized the movement towards nationhood and self-determination.

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Jose Rizal was a talented artist and was skilled in sculpting, painting, and sketching. He even used his artistic abilities to create political cartoons that criticized the Spanish colonial government.

Rizal was a polyglot, proficient in several languages, including Spanish, English, French, German, and Chinese. This linguistic talent allowed him to communicate with people from various backgrounds and cultures.

Rizal was an advocate for women's rights and believed in gender equality. He supported women's education and empowerment, and his writings reflected his progressive views on gender roles in society.

Rizal was an accomplished fencer and marksman. He excelled in these sports and even won various fencing competitions during his time in Europe.

See the events in life of Jose Rizal in Chronological Order

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The Life and Legacy of José Rizal: National Hero of the Philippines

Dr. José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, is not only admired for possessing intellectual brilliance but also for taking a stand and resisting the Spanish colonial government. While his death sparked a revolution to overthrow the tyranny, Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion towards the Filipino people and the country.

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Humble beginnings

José Protasio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo in the town of Calamba in the province of Laguna. He had nine sisters and one brother. At the early age of three, the future political leader had already learned the English alphabet. And, by the age of five, José could already read and write.

Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now referred to as Ateneo De Manila University ), he dropped the last three names in his full name, after his brother’s advice – hence, being known as José Protasio Rizal. His performance in school was outstanding – winning various poetry contests, impressing his professors with his familiarity of Castilian and other foreign languages, and crafting literary essays that were critical of the Spanish historical accounts of pre-colonial Philippine societies.

A man with multiple professions

While he originally obtained a land surveyor and assessor’s degree in Ateneo, Rizal also took up a preparatory course on law at the University of Santo Tomas (UST). But when he learned that his mother was going blind, he decided to switch to medicine school in UST and later on specialized in ophthalmology. In May 1882, he decided to travel to Madrid in Spain , and earned his Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Apart from being known as an expert in the field of medicine, a poet, and an essayist, Rizal exhibited other amazing talents. He knew how to paint, sketch, and make sculptures. Because he lived in Europe for about 10 years, he also became a polyglot – conversant in 22 languages. Aside from poetry and creative writing, Rizal had varying degrees of expertise in architecture, sociology, anthropology, fencing, martial arts, and economics to name a few.

His novels awakened Philippine nationalism

Rizal had been very vocal against the Spanish government, but in a peaceful and progressive manner. For him, “the pen was mightier than the sword.” And through his writings, he exposed the corruption and wrongdoings of government officials as well as the Spanish friars.

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While in Barcelona, Rizal contributed essays, poems, allegories, and editorials to the Spanish newspaper, La Solidaridad. Most of his writings, both in his essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom, specifically for the Filipino people . As part of his reforms, he even called for the inclusion of the Philippines to become a province of Spain.

But, among his best works , two novels stood out from the rest – Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo ( The Reign of the Greed).

In both novels, Rizal harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country and exposed the ills of Philippine society at the time. And because he wrote about the injustices and brutalities of the Spaniards in the country, the authorities banned Filipinos from reading the controversial books. Yet they were not able to ban it completely. As more Filipinos read the books, their eyes opened to the truth that they were suffering unspeakable abuses at the hands of the friars. These two novels by Rizal, now considered his literary masterpieces, are said to have indirectly sparked the Philippine Revolution.

Rizal’s unfateful days

Upon his return to the Philippines, Rizal formed a progressive organization called the La Liga Filipina. This civic movement advocated social reforms through legal means. Now Rizal was considered even more of a threat by the Spanish authorities (alongside his novels and essays), which ultimately led to his exile in Dapitan in northern Mindanao .

This however did not stop him from continuing his plans for reform. While in Dapitan, Rizal built a school, hospital, and water system. He also taught farming and worked on agricultural projects such as using abaca to make ropes.

In 1896, Rizal was granted leave by then Governor-General Blanco, after volunteering to travel to Cuba to serve as doctor to yellow fever victims. But at that time, the Katipunan had a full-blown revolution and Rizal was accused of being associated with the secret militant society. On his way to Cuba, he was arrested in Barcelona and sent back to Manila to stand for trial before the court martial. Rizal was charged with sedition, conspiracy, and rebellion – and therefore, sentenced to death by firing squad.

Days before his execution, Rizal bid farewell to his motherland and countrymen through one of his final letters, entitled Mi último adiós or My Last Farewell. Dr. José Rizal was executed on the morning of December 30, 1896, in what was then called Bagumbayan (now referred to as Luneta). Upon hearing the command to shoot him, he faced the squad and uttered in his final breath: “ Consummatum est” (It is finished). According to historical accounts , only one bullet ended the life of the Filipino martyr and hero.

His legacy lives on

After his death, the Philippine Revolution continued until 1898. And with the assistance of the United States , the Philippines declared its independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. This was the time that the Philippine flag was waved at General Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence in Kawit, Cavite.

Today, Dr. Rizal’s brilliance, compassion, courage, and patriotism are greatly remembered and recognized by the Filipino people. His two novels are continuously being analyzed by students and professionals.

Colleges and universities in the Philippines even require their students to take a subject which centers around the life and works of Rizal. Every year, the Filipinos celebrate Rizal Day – December 30 each year – to commemorate his life and works. Filipinos look back at how his founding of La Liga Filipina and his two novels had an effect on the early beginnings of the Philippine Revolution. The people also recognize his advocacy to achieve liberty through peaceful means rather than violent revolution.

In honor of Rizal, memorials and statues of the national hero can be found not only within the Philippines, but in selected cities around the world. A road in the Chanakyapuri area of New Delhi (India) and in Medan, Indonesia is named after him. The José Rizal Bridge and Rizal Park in the city of Seattle are also dedicated to the late hero.

Within the Philippines, there are streets, towns/cities, a university (Rizal University), and a province named after him. Three species have also been named after Rizal – the Draco rizali (a small lizard, known as a flying dragon), Apogania rizali (a very rare kind of beetle with five horns) and the Rhacophorus rizali (a peculiar frog species).

To commemorate what he did for the country, the Philippines built a memorial park for him – now referred to as Rizal Park, found in Manila . There lies a monument which contains a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, an obelisk, and a stone base said to contain his remains. The monument stands near the place where he fell during his execution in Luneta.

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Talambuhay ni Jose Rizal

The following is a short biography of Jose Rizal in Filipino. For the English biography of the national hero of the Philippines, see  Jose Rizal Biography .

Si Jose Protasio Rizal ay ang Pambansang Bayani ng Pilipinas. Siya ay isinilang sa Calamba, Laguna noong Hunyo 19, 1861. Ang kanyang mga magulang ay sina Ginoong Francisco Mercado at Ginang Teodora Alonzo.

Ang kanyang ina ang naging unang guro niya. Maaga siyang nagsimula ng pag-aaral sa bahay at ipinagpatuloy niya ang kanyang pag-aaral sa Biñan, Laguna. Nakapag tapos siya ng Batsilyer sa Agham sa Ateneo de Manila noong Marso 23, 1876 na may mataas na karangalan.

Noong 1877, ipinagpatuloy niya ang kanyang pag-aaral sa Unibersidad ng Santos Tomas at Unibersidad Central de Madrid hanggang sa matapos niya ng sabay ang medisina at pilosopia noong 1885. Natuto rin siyang bumasa at sumulat ng iba’t ibang wika kabilang na ang Latin at Greko. At nakapagtapos siya ng kanyang masteral sa Paris, France at Heidelberg , Germany.

Ang kanyang dalawang nobela “Noli Me Tangere” at “El Filibusterismo” naglalahad ng mga pang-aabuso ng mga prayle sa mga Pilipino at mga katiwalian sa pamahalaan ng Kastila.

Noong Hunyo 18, 1892 ay umuwi ng Pilipinas si Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Nagtatag siya ng samahan tinawag ito na “La Liga Filipina.” Ang layunin ng samahan ay ang pagkakaisa ng mga Pilipino at maitaguyod ang pag-unlad ng komersiyo, industriya at agricultura.

Noong Hulyo 6, 1892, si Jose Rizal ay nakulong sa Fort Santiago at ipinatapon sa Dapitan noong Hulyo 14, 1892. Apat na taon siya namalagi sa Dapitan kung saan nanggamot siya sa mga maysakit at hinikayat niya ang mamamayan na magbukas ng paaralan. Hinikayat din niya ang ito sa pagpapaunlad ng kanilang kapaligaran.

Noong Setyembre 3, 1896, habang papunta siya sa Cuba upang magsilbi bilang siruhano, inaresto siya. Noong Nobyembre 3, 1896 ibinalik sa Pilipinas at, sa pangalawang pagkakataon, ikinulong siya sa Fort Santiago.

Noong Disyembre 26, 1896, si Jose Rizal ay nahatulan ng kamatayan sa dahilang nagpagbintangan siya na nagpasimula ng rebelyon laban sa mga Kastila.

Bago dumating ang kanyang katapusan naisulat niya ang “Mi Ultimo Adios” (Ang Huling Paalam ) upang magmulat sa mga susunod pang henerasyon na maging makabayan.

Noong Disyembre 30, 1896, binaril si Jose P. Rizal sa Bagumbayan (na ngayon ay Luneta ).

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474 thoughts on “Talambuhay ni Jose Rizal”

Ako nga rin tapos ma isinearch ko rin yan para sa akin patapos nga rin sana ako sa module pero nakita ko yan kaya dinagdag ko yan kasi kakaunti yung binigay ni dady ko ak< ang anak nya na si quin quin

arigatooo, meron na me homework

thank you may masasagot na ako sa question ng teacher ko yeyyy

hi, sino po may akda nito?

I have yet to read a complete story of Jose Rizal’s life online. It’s a shame we don’t get much information about our national hero on this site, which bears his name. Pasensya na pero parang babasahing pambata lamang itong nandito sa website na ito. Isa pa, may nagsasabing ipinanganak si Rizal sa Binan, may ibang nasasabi naman na sa Calamba siya pinanganak. Alin po ang totoo?

Thank you. Nagamit ko sa pag rereview para sa quiz bee.

Thank uuuuuu pi

TY po!!! my na make na ako na project ty ty!!!!!

Salamat at natapos ko na Ang module ko

March 13 2022 Salamat! May isasagot na ang anak ko sa module nya! Tnx tnx tnx!

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