experimental techniques gcse

Experimental Techniques and Chemical Analysis - Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 - Notes, Videos & Tests

Part of the course, experimental techniques and chemical analysis study material.

Notes for Experimental Techniques and Chemical Analysis - Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE | Year 11

Online test for experimental techniques and chemical analysis - chemistry for gcse/igcse | year 11, other chapters in chemistry for gcse/igcse for year 11, top courses for year 11.

Importance of Experimental Techniques and Chemical Analysis Year 11

Experimental techniques and chemical analysis notes free pdf download, important questions for experimental techniques and chemical analysis, experimental techniques and chemical analysis practice questions, welcome back, create your account for free.

Forgot Password

Change country.

• Find a tutor
• Revision Resources
• Revision Courses
• Teacher Resources

Feedback from other teachers within the community.

No reviews yet.

• Crash Courses
• Find a Course
• Become a tutor
• Tutor support
• Teach a Course

PMT Education

• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions
• Safeguarding Policy

Skip to content

Get Revising

Join get revising, already a member.

Chemistry - Measurement and Experimental Techniques

• Created by: Ophelia Wong
• Created on: 26-02-13 13:45

Beaker: Approximate volume only, 100, 200, 300cm3  Burettes: Accurately add to 0.1cm3 Pipette: Accurately measures fixed volume such as 20.0cm3 and 25.0cm3 Measuring cylinder: More accurate than a beaker, measures up to the nearest cm3. eg. 99cm3 Gas syringes: Used for gases!  

Collection of gas:

Depends on: 1. Solubility 2. Density of gas compared to air

Gas                       Solubility in water         …

• Analysing substances

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

Chemistry 0.0 / 5

Chemistry 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating

Chemistry 1 0.0 / 5

Chemistry C3 Part 4 2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating

Chemistry Key Words 0.0 / 5

Chemistry Revision Pack - PDF 0.0 / 5

Get £15 off your first lesson in November on PMT Tuition with the code PMTNOV15.

CAIE IGCSE Chemistry Revision

Connect with pmt education.

• Revision Courses
• Past Papers
• Solution Banks
• University Admissions
• Numerical Reasoning
• Legal Notices

Personalised lessons and regular feedback to ensure you ace your exams! Book a free consultation today

100+ Video Tutorials, Flashcards and Weekly Seminars

Gain hands-on experience of how chemistry is used in different fields. Experience life as a uni student and boost your university application with our summer programme!

• Revision notes >
• GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes >
• AQA GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes

Titrations (GCSE Chemistry)

Carrying out a titration, experimental method.

For exams, we need to describe how to carry out a titration . In the following example we will be looking at strong acids, such as sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids.

Table of Contents

• Gather your equipment . To carry out a titration you will need: a pipette, a pipette filler, a conical flask, a burette, a single indicator and the acid and alkali.
• Add alkali into the conical flask. You need to add a specific volume of alkali to the conical flask, such as 25cm 3 . To do this, you can use a pipette and a pipette filler.
• Add the single indicator into the conical flask. The indicator will   change colour, due to the pH of the alkali.
• Fill the burette with acid. The acid will have a known concentration. In order to avoid any spillages, you need to place the burette below eye level when you fill it up. Whilst doing this, you should wear safety goggles and use a funnel.
• Record the initial volume of acid. Make sure to write down the initial volume of acid in the burette.
• Add the acid to the alkali. Add the acid to the alkali very slowly, using the burette to help you. Whilst you are adding the acid, make sure to swirl the conical flask so that the acid and alkali mix together.
• Slow down at the end point. When you think that the end point is near, make sure to add the acid very slowly to the alkali. The end point will be when the indicator changes colour, showing that the acid has neutralised the alkali.
• Record the final volume of acid. Now that the neutralisation has been completed, record the volume of acid remaining in the burette. This will allow you to calculate how much acid was added to the alkali during the reaction.
• Repeat the titration. Now that you have completed a ‘rough’   titration, you know where the approximate volume of acid required to neutralise the alkali in the conical flask. This time, you can be more precise when adding the acid, which will give a more accurate result.
• Take several readings. Keep repeating the experiment until you have results that show volumes of acid that are within 0.10cm 3 of each other. Using these results, you can calculate a mean reading and exclude any anomalies from the experiment.

Using Titrations

Measuring volumes of acid and alkali.

• Titrations can measure volumes. By carrying out a titration experiment, we can find out the volume of alkali needed to neutralise a specific volume of acid. We can also find out the volume of acid needed to neutralise a specific volume of alkali.
• Indicators are used in titrations. When we carry out a titration, we need to use a single indicator . Unlike universal indicator, this type of indicator will show a sudden colour change when the experimental solution is neutralised.
• There are various single indicators. Some examples of single indicators that we can use in titrations are litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange. The table below shows the different colours of each indicator in acids and alkalis.

A titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by gradually adding a known concentration of another solution until a reaction is complete. This reaction is usually indicated by a color change or by reaching a set endpoint.

The purpose of a titration is to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by measuring the amount of a known solution required to react with it. This allows chemists to determine the precise concentration of a solution, which is important in many industrial processes and for quality control purposes.

A titration is typically performed in a laboratory by adding a known concentration of a solution (the titrant) to a flask containing the unknown solution (the analyte) using a burette. The titrant is gradually added to the analyte until a reaction is complete, which is indicated by a color change or by reaching a set endpoint. The volume of titrant required to complete the reaction is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.

An indicator is a substance used in a titration to indicate the end of the reaction by showing a color change. Indicators are chosen based on their ability to change color at the endpoint of the reaction, which indicates that the reaction is complete and the desired concentration has been reached. Examples of indicators used in titrations include litmus paper and phenolphthalein.

An acidic titration involves a reaction between an acid and an alkali to neutralize each other, while an alkaline titration involves a reaction between an alkali and an acid to neutralize each other. The endpoint of an acidic titration is typically indicated by a change in color from red to pink or colorless, while the endpoint of an alkaline titration is typically indicated by a change in color from colorless to pink.

Titrations are widely used in the food industry for quality control purposes, to ensure that products such as fruit juice and vinegar contain the correct amount of acid. They are also used in the medical industry to determine the concentration of certain substances in the blood, such as glucose, and to monitor the effectiveness of treatments such as dialysis.

These questions and answers provide a comprehensive overview of titrations and their uses, making it easier for 15-16 year old students to understand the concept as they prepare for their GCSE chemistry exams.

Still got a question? Leave a comment

Leave a comment, cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

AQA 1 Atomic structure & the periodic table

Aqa 2 bonding, structure and matter, aqa 3 quantitative chemistry, using electrolysis to extract metals (gcse chemistry), reactions of acids with metals (gcse chemistry), neutralisation of acids (gcse chemistry), strong vs weak acids (gcse chemistry), aqa 4 chemical changes, aqa 5 energy changes, aqa 6 organic chemistry, aqa 7 chemical analysis, aqa 8 chemistry of the atmosphere, aqa 9 using resources, cie 1 states of matter, changing state (gcse chemistry), solids, liquids & gases (gcse chemistry), states of substances (gcse chemistry), cie 10 chemistry of the environment, metal alloys (gcse chemistry), reducing the use of resources (gcse chemistry), extraction of metals (gcse chemistry), the reactivity series (gcse chemistry), metals & non-metals (gcse chemistry), cie 11 organic chemistry, npk fertilisers (gcse chemistry), conditions of the haber process (gcse chemistry), haber process (gcse chemistry), corrosion & prevention (gcse chemistry), potable water (gcse chemistry), atmospheric pollutants (gcse chemistry), global climate change & carbon footprint (gcse chemistry), greenhouse gases (gcse chemistry), atmospheric carbon dioxide (gcse chemistry), atmospheric oxygen (gcse chemistry), cie 12 experimental techniques & chemical analysis, sulphur (gcse chemistry), cie 2 atoms, elements and compounds, detection, hazards & risks (gcse chemistry), chromatography and rf values (gcse chemistry), pure substances & formulations (gcse chemistry), factors affecting rate of reaction (gcse chemistry), endothermic vs exothermic reactions (gcse chemistry), soluble & insoluble salts (gcse chemistry), paper chromatography (gcse chemistry), filtration & crystallisation (gcse chemistry), distillation (gcse chemistry), separating mixtures (gcse chemistry), cie 3 stoichiometry, metallic bonds (gcse chemistry), graphene & fullerenes (gcse chemistry), silicon dioxide, diamond & graphite (gcse chemistry), properties of giant covalent structures (gcse chemistry), properties of small molecules (gcse chemistry), covalent bond diagrams (gcse chemistry), covalent bonds (gcse chemistry), ionic compound properties (gcse chemistry), ionic compounds (gcse chemistry), ionic formulae & diagrams (gcse chemistry), cie 4 electrochemistry, calculating percentage yield (gcse chemistry), percentage yield (gcse chemistry), limiting reactants (gcse chemistry), using moles to balance equations (gcse chemistry), amounts of substances (gcse chemistry), moles & avogadro’s constant (gcse chemistry), volume of gases using moles (gcse chemistry), using concentrations of solutions in mol/dm3 (gcse chemistry), calculating the mass (gcse chemistry), concentrations of solutions (gcse chemistry), cie 5 chemical energetics, anodes and cathodes (gcse chemistry), electrolysis of aqueous solutions (gcse chemistry), electrolysis of molten ionic compounds (gcse chemistry), explaining electrolysis (gcse chemistry), cie 6 chemical reactions, fuel cells (gcse chemistry), cells & batteries (gcse chemistry), reaction profiles & activation energy (gcse chemistry), chemical bond energies (gcse chemistry), cie 7 acids, bases and salts, changing conditions & equilibrium (gcse chemistry), equilibrium (gcse chemistry), energy changes (gcse chemistry), reversible reactions (gcse chemistry), the effect of light (gcse chemistry), catalysts (gcse chemistry), collision theory & activation energy (gcse chemistry), graphs to calculate rates of reaction (gcse chemistry), calculating rates of reaction (gcse chemistry), cie 8 periodic table, testing for water (gcse chemistry), carbonates, halides & sulphates (gcse chemistry), identifying ions (gcse chemistry), identifying common gases (gcse chemistry), reactions of metals (gcse chemistry), cie 9 metals, the transition metals (gcse chemistry), group 0 (gcse chemistry), group 7: reactions & displacement (gcse chemistry), group 7: reactivity (gcse chemistry), group 7 (gcse chemistry), group 1: reactivity (gcse chemistry), group 1: reactions (gcse chemistry), group 1 (gcse chemistry), periodic table metals vs non-metals (gcse chemistry), edexcel 1 atomic structure, acids, bases & ph (gcse chemistry), relative formula mass (gcse chemistry), conservation of mass (gcse chemistry), edexcel 10 quantitative analysis, alkanes (gcse chemistry), edexcel 11 dynamic equilibria, edexcel 12 rates of reaction and energy changes, edexcel 13 fuels, atom economy (gcse chemistry), edexcel 14 earth and atmospheric science, edexcel 15 hydrocarbons, polymers, alcohols and carboxylic acids, edexcel 16 bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles, edexcel 2 periodic table, edexcel 3 bonding: ionic, covalent, loss & gain of electrons (gcse chemistry), oxidation & reduction (gcse chemistry), edexcel 4 types of substances, life cycle assessment (gcse chemistry), alternative methods of extracting metals (gcse chemistry), edexcel 5 calculations involving masses, edexcel 6 states of matter, edexcel 7 chemical changes, edexcel 8 extracting metals and equilibria, gases in the atmosphere (gcse chemistry), changes in the earth’s atmosphere (gcse chemistry), methods of cracking (gcse chemistry), combustion of hydrocarbons (gcse chemistry), edexcel 9 transition metals, alloys & corrosion, polymers (gcse chemistry), composites (gcse chemistry), ceramics (gcse chemistry), flame emission spectroscopy (gcse chemistry), amino acids (gcse chemistry), dna and other naturally occurring polymers (gcse chemistry), ocr 1.1 the particle model, ocr 1.2 atomic structure, relative atomic mass (gcse chemistry), relative electrical charges (gcse chemistry), size & mass of atoms (gcse chemistry), isotopes (gcse chemistry), developing the atomic model (gcse chemistry), discovery of protons & neutrons (gcse chemistry), atomic models part 2 (gcse chemistry), atomic models part 1 (gcse chemistry), ocr 2.1 purity and separating mixtures, ocr 2.2 bonding, electron transfer & ions (gcse chemistry), types of bonding (gcse chemistry), ocr 2.3 properties of mixtures, advantages & risks of nanoparticles (gcse chemistry), uses & properties of nanoparticles (gcse chemistry), nanoparticles (gcse chemistry), simple molecular covalent structures (gcse chemistry), ocr 3.1 introducing chemical reactions, representing elements (gcse chemistry), chemical equations (gcse chemistry), elements & compounds (gcse chemistry), common molecules & ions (gcse chemistry), ocr 3.2 energetics, ocr 3.3 types of chemical reactions, ocr 3.4 electrolysis, ocr 4.1 predicting chemical reactions, ocr 4.2 identifying the products of chemical reactions, ocr 4.3 monitoring chemical reactions, ocr 4.4 controlling reactions, ocr 4.5 equilibria, ocr 6.1 improving processes and products, ocr 6.2 organic chemistry, condensation polymerisation (gcse chemistry), addition polymerisation (gcse chemistry), carboxylic acids (gcse chemistry), reactions of alcohols (gcse chemistry), alcohols (gcse chemistry), reactions of alkenes (gcse chemistry), alkenes (gcse chemistry), ocr 6.3 interpreting & interacting with earth systems, ocr 7 practical skills, pearson igcse - 1.1 states of matter, electronic configuration (gcse chemistry), the current periodic table (gcse chemistry), pearson igcse - 1.2 elements, compounds, mixtures, pearson igcse - 1.3 atomic structure, pearson igcse - 1.4 periodic table, pearson igcse - 1.5 chemical formulae & calculations, pearson igcse - 1.6 bonding: ionic, covalent and metallic, pearson igcse - 1.7 electrolysis, pearson igcse - 2.1 group 1: alkali metals, pearson igcse - 2.2 group 2: halogens, pearson igcse - 2.3 gases in the atmosphere, titration calculations (gcse chemistry), pearson igcse - 2.4 reactivity series, pearson igcse - 2.5 extraction and uses of metals, pearson igcse - 2.6 acids, alkalis, titrations, pearson igcse - 2.7 acids, bases and salt preparations, pearson igcse - 2.8 chemical tests, pearson igcse - 3.1 energetics, pearson igcse - 3.2 rates of reaction, pearson igcse - 3.3 reversible reactions & equilibria, pearson igcse - 4.1 crude oil, hydrocarbon properties (gcse chemistry), separating crude oil (gcse chemistry), pearson igcse - 4.2 alkanes & alkenes, pearson igcse - 4.3 alcohols, alcohol uses (gcse chemistry), pearson igcse - 4.4 carboxylic acids, pearson igcse - 4.5 esters, pearson igcse - 4.6 synthetic polymers, related links.

• GCSE Chemistry Past Papers

Boost your GCSE Chemistry Performance

Get a 9 in GCSE Chemistry with our Trusted 1-1 Tutors. Enquire now.

100+ Video Tutorials, Flashcards and Weekly Seminars. 100% Money Back Guarantee

Learn live with other students and gain expert tips and advice to boost your score.

Let's get acquainted ? What is your name?

Nice to meet you, {{name}} what is your preferred e-mail address, nice to meet you, {{name}} what is your preferred phone number, what is your preferred phone number, just to check, what are you interested in, when should we call you.

It would be great to have a 15m chat to discuss a personalised plan and answer any questions

What time works best for you? (UK Time)

Pick a time-slot that works best for you ?

How many hours of 1-1 tutoring are you looking for?

My whatsapp number is..., for our safeguarding policy, please confirm....

Please provide the mobile number of a guardian/parent

Which online course are you interested in?

What is your query, you can apply for a bursary by clicking this link, sure, what is your query, thank you for your response. we will aim to get back to you within 12-24 hours., lock in a 2 hour 1-1 tutoring lesson now.

If you're ready and keen to get started click the button below to book your first 2 hour 1-1 tutoring lesson with us. Connect with a tutor from a university of your choice in minutes. (Use FAST5 to get 5% Off!)