8 letters for dissertation

Crossword Solver

Wordle Solver

Scrabble Solver

Anagram Solver

Crossword Solver > Clues > Crossword-Clue: Dissertation

DISSERTATION Crossword Clue

Synonyms for DISSERTATION

We found 29 Synonyms

• Dissertations (100%)
• DISSERTATION TOPIC (84.31%)
• Dissertation defenses (84.31%)
• Dissertation subject (84.31%)
• Drawn-out dissertations (84.31%)
• Long dissertations (84.31%)
• Academic dissertations (84.31%)
• Grad-school dissertations (84.31%)
• Dissertation forerunner (84.31%)
• Doctoral dissertation (84.31%)
• Dissertation
• Dissertations
• Dissertation abbr.
• DISSERTATION TOPIC
• Long dissertations
• Dissertation subject
• Dissertation defenses
• Doctoral dissertation
• Academic dissertations
• Drawn-out dissertations

Know another solution for crossword clues containing Dissertation ? Add your answer to the crossword database now.

Filter Results

Popular Letters

• Dissertation with 6 Letters
• Dissertation with 7 Letters
• Dissertation with 8 Letters

additional Letters

Synonyms [29]

DISSERTATION Crossword Clue & Answer

All solutions for dissertation, top answers for: dissertation.

Top answers for DISSERTATION crossword clue from newspapers

Definition of dissertation.

• a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

DISSERTATION Crossword puzzle solutions

20 Solutions - 4 Top suggestions & 16 further suggestions. We have 20 solutions for the frequently searched for crossword lexicon term DISSERTATION. Furthermore and additionally we have 16 Further solutions for this paraphrase.

For the puzzel question DISSERTATION we have solutions for the following word lenghts 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12.

Your user suggestion for DISSERTATION

Find for us the 21nth solution for DISSERTATION and send it to our e-mail (crossword-at-the-crossword-solver com) with the subject "New solution suggestion for DISSERTATION". Do you have an improvement for our crossword puzzle solutions for DISSERTATION, please send us an e-mail with the subject: "Suggestion for improvement on solution to DISSERTATION".

Frequently asked questions for dissertation:

What is the best solution to the riddle dissertation.

Solution THESIS is our most searched for solution by our visitors. Solution THESIS is 6 letters long. We have 3 further solutions of the same word length.

How many solutions do we have for the crossword puzzle DISSERTATION?

We have 20 solutions to the crossword puzzle DISSERTATION. The longest solution is DISQUISITION with 12 letters and the shortest solution is TALK with 4 letters.

How can I find the solution for the term DISSERTATION?

With help from our search you can look for words of a certain length. Our intelligent search sorts between the most frequent solutions and the most searched for questions. You can completely free of charge search through several million solutions to hundreds of thousands of crossword puzzle questions.

How many letters long are the solutions for DISSERTATION?

The lenght of the solutions is between 4 and 12 letters. In total we have solutions for 9 word lengths.

More clues you might be interested in

• occupies a chair
• fish eating bird of prey
• greeting hand gesture
• office conf.
• whole range
• rotary file
• "eureka," to california
• aquafina rival
• italian wine
• extremities
• showing wear and tear
• run-down area
• Legal Notice
• Missing Link
• Made with love from Mark & Crosswordsolver.com

• Quick Solve
• Solution Wizard
• Clue Database
• Crossword Forum
• Anagram Solver
• Online Crosswords

Dissertation - Crossword Clue

Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Dissertation .

5 letter answer(s) to dissertation

• a business firm that publishes newspapers; "Murdoch owns many newspapers"
• a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; "he read his newspaper at breakfast"
• a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
• a medium for written communication; "the notion of an office running without paper is absurd"
• a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses; "he has written many scientific papers"
• an essay (especially one written as an assignment);
• cover with paper; "paper the box"
• cover with wallpaper
• short essay
• the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher; "when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper"

6 letter answer(s) to dissertation

• a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree
• an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument

8 letter answer(s) to dissertation

• a formal exposition
• A systematic, usually extensive written discourse on a subject.

Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Dissertation'

Still struggling to solve the crossword clue 'dissertation'.

If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Dissertation then why not search our database by the letters you have already!

• Words By Letter:
• Clues By Letter:
• » Home
• » Quick Solve
• » Solution Wizard
• » Clue Database
• » Crossword Help Forum
• » Anagram Solver
• » Dictionary
• » Crossword Guides
• » Crossword Puzzles
• » Contact

© 2024 Crossword Clue Solver. All Rights Reserved. Crossword Clue Solver is operated and owned by Ash Young at Evoluted Web Design . Optimisation by SEO Sheffield .

Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy

• Word finder
• Crossword clues

Dissertation

Search for crossword answers and clues.

Answer for the clue "Dissertation ", 8 letters: treatise

Alternative clues for the word treatise

• A formal exposition
• Scholarly essay
• Systematic article
• Scholarly writing
• Discussion of facts
• Long, formal essay

Word definitions for treatise in dictionaries

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet n. a formal exposition

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary n. A formal, usually lengthy, systematic discourse on some subject.

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subject, generally longer and treating it in greater depth than an essay , and more concerned with investigating or exposing the principles of the subject.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Word definitions in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English noun COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS ■ VERB publish ▪ What broke the medieval guilds was printing; some one could publish a treatise on how to tan leather. write ▪ I do not think that writing treatises and declarations is helpful. ▪ Those who lament that Berlin ...

Usage examples of treatise.

I have ever conversed, or whose treatises I have read, are firmly convinced that the several breeds to which each has attended, are descended from so many aboriginally distinct species.

At my request, Ysandre had several volumes sent from the Royal Library, texts on Alba and books in Cruithne, and treatises on the Master of the Straits.

Weeks having written an ingenious and excellent treatise on the treatment of the bee, we freely recommend his book to the attention of every apiarian who wishes to succeed in their management.

Internet treatise on poisons in general and sodium azide in particular.

Had he not in his bureau a manuscript treatise on the relations of art and morals which, when he re-read it, astounded him by its acumen and wit, and a manuscript poem on the doings of Cardinal Beatoun which he could not honestly deem inferior to the belauded verse of Mr Walter Scott!

While I do not intend what follows to be a comprehensive treatise about biochem weapons, I do want to provide an accurate foundation onto which you can continue to add new information.

Mr Boffin put down his treatise on the nature of Franchises, which he was studying in order that he might lead an opposition against the Ministry next Session, and even Sir Timothy Beeswax, who had done his work with Sir Orlando, joined the throng.

Vonier had had good reason for his admiration for and his disagreement with Carberry, the financier, over a treatise Carberry had written.

For further information, the reader is referred to the authors cited or to any of the standard treatises on teratology.

When he was not toiling at the cuckoo-clock factory, most of his spare time was spent either in his workshop or at the public library poring laboriously over treatises on genetics, cytology, cytogenetics, biochemistry, and any number of other subjects he did not understand-but which his subconscious absorbed very effectively indeed.

We hear it in practical discourses from the pulpit, and read it in doctrinal treatises , as offensively proclaimed now as ever.

Denmeade, nor reading over some half-forgotten treatises relative to her work, interested her to the point of dismissing Edd Denmeade from mind.

In an open-minded world, this discovery, he imagined, would have every Mormon-basher and every Utah-basher eating their words, and every scavenging journalist would forget about the Mark Hof- manns and the Ervil Lebarons and the Bruce Longos and the Paul Singers and would be writing treatises about the rightful restoration of the true Church of Jesus Christ.

The treatise on the Euroclydon was designed to vindicate the common reading of Acts, xxvii.

Its treatises were mostly rhetorical gobbledygook that provided little basis for concrete action.

• Crossword Tips

Clue: Dissertation

Referring crossword puzzle answers, likely related crossword puzzle clues.

• Composition
• Parcel of land

Recent usage in crossword puzzles:

• Evening Standard - March 29, 2024
• Penny Dell - March 14, 2024
• Universal Crossword - Sept. 29, 2022
• Penny Dell - Sept. 3, 2021
• Evening Standard - Oct. 23, 2020
• Penny Dell - July 1, 2020
• Universal Crossword - April 24, 2019
• The Guardian Quick - March 20, 2019
• The Guardian Quick - Aug. 14, 2018
• Evening Standard - March 2, 2018
• The Guardian Quick - Feb. 12, 2018
• Penny Dell - Dec. 16, 2017
• LA Times - Aug. 6, 2017
• Sheffer - May 8, 2017
• LA Times - Dec. 12, 2016
• Boatload - Aug. 10, 2016
• Pat Sajak Code Letter - May 4, 2015
• Merl Reagle Sunday Crossword - Dec. 15, 2013
• USA Today - Nov. 2, 2013
• Premier Sunday - March 18, 2012

tools and articles for letters and words

Home » Crossword-Solver » Crossword Clue: Dissertation

set length and letters

Dissertation  : 5 answers – Crossword-Clue

What do I see?

On this side you can find all answers for the crossword clue Dissertation .

If you miss an answer fell free to contact us .

Similar hints

Using the tool.

Visit the instruction to find out more about this tool.

Dissertation (Crossword clue)

We found 4 answers for “dissertation” ..

If you haven't solved the crossword clue Dissertation yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. “A.TIC..” will find “ARTICLE” and “D.SCOUR..” will find “DISCOURSE”)

• Dissertation (4)
• Dissertation (abbr.) (1)
• Dissertation based on research (1)
• Dissertation citation (abbr.) (1)
• Dissertation defenses, often (1)
• Dissertation finisher (1)
• Dissertation finisher, hopefully (1)
• Dissertation forerunner (1)
• Dissertation listing (1)
• Dissertation on people`s inherent... (1)
• Dissertation subject (1)
• Dissertation topic (1)
• Dissertation writer`s goal (1)
• Dissertation writer`s prize (1)
• Dissertation writers` prizes (1)
• Dissertation-defender`s drill (1)
• Dissertation-title divider (1)
• Dissertation-writer`s goal (1)
• Dissertations (2)
• Marine turtle (4)
• Nitpicking amounts (1)
• Bread grains (1)
• Filings of metal (1)
• Hifalutin (3)
• Homey room, typically (1)
• Splinter groups, often (1)
• Stuffed grape-leaf dish (1)
• Fridge message holder (1)
• Toronto-to-DC heading (1)
• Skeletal (8)
• Sales goals (1)
• Retail estab (1)

• Words With Friends Cheat
• Word Finder
• Today's Connections Hints
• Today's NYT Mini Crossword Answers
• Today's NYT Spelling Bee Answers
• Today's Contexto Answer
• Today's NYT Strands Answer
• Grammar Rules And Examples
• Misspellings
• Confusing Words
• Scrabble Dictionary
• Words With Friends Dictionary
• Words Ending In
• Words By Length
• Words With Letters
• Words Start With
• 5-letter Words With These Letters
• 5-letter Words Start With
• 5-letter Words Ending In
• All Consonant Words
• Vowel Words
• Words With Q Without U
• Username Generator
• Password Generator
• Random Word Generator
• Word Counter
• Crossword Puzzles
• Scramble Words

Dissertation Crossword Clue

Are you stumped by the Dissertation crossword clue? Look no further! We identified 6 potential answers for this clue. We believe the most likely solution is THESIS with 6 letters.

Looking for a different length or letter combination? We're here to help. Simply find your crossword clue, and within seconds, you'll have access to a wide range of possible solutions. We rank our answers and specify the number of letters, so you can see if it fits your puzzle or answer pattern.

Whether it's a New York Times, Universal, Daily Themed Crossword, La Times Daily, or another puzzle, we have millions of crossword answers we've sourced from various publications. Go further in your crossword-solving journey with the assistance of our user-friendly crossword clues, and unlock a new world of crossword answers!

Best answers for Dissertation:

• Popular Pages
• Top Searches
• External Resources
• Definitions
• Anagram Solver
• WordFinderX
• Letter Solver
• Crossword Solver
• Word Unscrambler

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Dissertation

What Is a Dissertation? | Guide, Examples, & Template

A dissertation is a long-form piece of academic writing based on original research conducted by you. It is usually submitted as the final step in order to finish a PhD program.

Your dissertation is probably the longest piece of writing you’ve ever completed. It requires solid research, writing, and analysis skills, and it can be intimidating to know where to begin.

Your department likely has guidelines related to how your dissertation should be structured. When in doubt, consult with your supervisor.

You can also download our full dissertation template in the format of your choice below. The template includes a ready-made table of contents with notes on what to include in each chapter, easily adaptable to your department’s requirements.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

• In the US, a dissertation generally refers to the collection of research you conducted to obtain a PhD.
• In other countries (such as the UK), a dissertation often refers to the research you conduct to obtain your bachelor’s or master’s degree.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

Dissertation committee and prospectus process, how to write and structure a dissertation, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your dissertation, free checklist and lecture slides.

When you’ve finished your coursework, as well as any comprehensive exams or other requirements, you advance to “ABD” (All But Dissertation) status. This means you’ve completed everything except your dissertation.

Prior to starting to write, you must form your committee and write your prospectus or proposal . Your committee comprises your adviser and a few other faculty members. They can be from your own department, or, if your work is more interdisciplinary, from other departments. Your committee will guide you through the dissertation process, and ultimately decide whether you pass your dissertation defense and receive your PhD.

Your prospectus is a formal document presented to your committee, usually orally in a defense, outlining your research aims and objectives and showing why your topic is relevant . After passing your prospectus defense, you’re ready to start your research and writing.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

The structure of your dissertation depends on a variety of factors, such as your discipline, topic, and approach. Dissertations in the humanities are often structured more like a long essay , building an overall argument to support a central thesis , with chapters organized around different themes or case studies.

However, hard science and social science dissertations typically include a review of existing works, a methodology section, an analysis of your original research, and a presentation of your results , presented in different chapters.

Dissertation examples

We’ve compiled a list of dissertation examples to help you get started.

• Example dissertation #1: Heat, Wildfire and Energy Demand: An Examination of Residential Buildings and Community Equity (a dissertation by C. A. Antonopoulos about the impact of extreme heat and wildfire on residential buildings and occupant exposure risks).
• Example dissertation #2: Exploring Income Volatility and Financial Health Among Middle-Income Households (a dissertation by M. Addo about income volatility and declining economic security among middle-income households).
• Example dissertation #3: The Use of Mindfulness Meditation to Increase the Efficacy of Mirror Visual Feedback for Reducing Phantom Limb Pain in Amputees (a dissertation by N. S. Mills about the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on the relationship between mirror visual feedback and the pain level in amputees with phantom limb pain).

The very first page of your document contains your dissertation title, your name, department, institution, degree program, and submission date. Sometimes it also includes your student number, your supervisor’s name, and the university’s logo.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional and gives space for you to thank everyone who helped you in writing your dissertation. This might include your supervisors, participants in your research, and friends or family who supported you. In some cases, your acknowledgements are part of a preface.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

The abstract is a short summary of your dissertation, usually about 150 to 300 words long. Though this may seem very short, it’s one of the most important parts of your dissertation, because it introduces your work to your audience.

Your abstract should:

• State your main topic and the aims of your research
• Describe your methods
• Summarize your main results
• State your conclusions

Read more about abstracts

The table of contents lists all of your chapters, along with corresponding subheadings and page numbers. This gives your reader an overview of your structure and helps them easily navigate your document.

Remember to include all main parts of your dissertation in your table of contents, even the appendices. It’s easy to generate a table automatically in Word if you used heading styles. Generally speaking, you only include level 2 and level 3 headings, not every subheading you included in your finished work.

Read more about tables of contents

While not usually mandatory, it’s nice to include a list of figures and tables to help guide your reader if you have used a lot of these in your dissertation. It’s easy to generate one of these in Word using the Insert Caption feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

Similarly, if you have used a lot of abbreviations (especially industry-specific ones) in your dissertation, you can include them in an alphabetized list of abbreviations so that the reader can easily look up their meanings.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

In addition to the list of abbreviations, if you find yourself using a lot of highly specialized terms that you worry will not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary. Here, alphabetize the terms and include a brief description or definition.

Read more about glossaries

The introduction serves to set up your dissertation’s topic, purpose, and relevance. It tells the reader what to expect in the rest of your dissertation. The introduction should:

• Establish your research topic , giving the background information needed to contextualize your work
• Narrow down the focus and define the scope of your research
• Discuss the state of existing research on the topic, showing your work’s relevance to a broader problem or debate
• Clearly state your research questions and objectives
• Outline the flow of the rest of your work

Everything in the introduction should be clear, engaging, and relevant. By the end, the reader should understand the what, why, and how of your research.

Read more about introductions

A formative part of your research is your literature review . This helps you gain a thorough understanding of the academic work that already exists on your topic.

Literature reviews encompass:

• Finding relevant sources (e.g., books and journal articles)
• Assessing the credibility of your sources
• Critically analyzing and evaluating each source
• Drawing connections between them (e.g., themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps) to strengthen your overall point

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing sources. Your literature review should have a coherent structure and argument that leads to a clear justification for your own research. It may aim to:

• Address a gap in the literature or build on existing knowledge
• Take a new theoretical or methodological approach to your topic
• Propose a solution to an unresolved problem or advance one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework. Here, you define and analyze the key theories, concepts, and models that frame your research.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter describes how you conducted your research, allowing your reader to critically assess its credibility. Your methodology section should accurately report what you did, as well as convince your reader that this was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

• The overall research approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative ) and research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
• Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment )
• Details of where, when, and with whom the research took place
• Any tools and materials you used (e.g., computer programs, lab equipment)
• Your data analysis methods (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
• An evaluation or justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. You can structure this section around sub-questions, hypotheses , or themes, but avoid including any subjective or speculative interpretation here.

Your results section should:

• Concisely state each relevant result together with relevant descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
• Briefly state how the result relates to the question or whether the hypothesis was supported
• Report all results that are relevant to your research questions , including any that did not meet your expectations.

Additional data (including raw numbers, full questionnaires, or interview transcripts) can be included as an appendix. You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results. Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is your opportunity to explore the meaning and implications of your results in relation to your research question. Here, interpret your results in detail, discussing whether they met your expectations and how well they fit with the framework that you built in earlier chapters. Refer back to relevant source material to show how your results fit within existing research in your field.

Some guiding questions include:

• What do your results mean?
• Why do your results matter?
• What limitations do the results have?

If any of the results were unexpected, offer explanations for why this might be. It’s a good idea to consider alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your dissertation’s conclusion should concisely answer your main research question, leaving your reader with a clear understanding of your central argument and emphasizing what your research has contributed to the field.

In some disciplines, the conclusion is just a short section preceding the discussion section, but in other contexts, it is the final chapter of your work. Here, you wrap up your dissertation with a final reflection on what you found, with recommendations for future research and concluding remarks.

It’s important to leave the reader with a clear impression of why your research matters. What have you added to what was already known? Why is your research necessary for the future of your field?

Read more about conclusions

It is crucial to include a reference list or list of works cited with the full details of all the sources that you used, in order to avoid plagiarism. Be sure to choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your dissertation. Each style has strict and specific formatting requirements.

Common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA , but which style you use is often set by your department or your field.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

Your dissertation should contain only essential information that directly contributes to answering your research question. Documents such as interview transcripts or survey questions can be added as appendices, rather than adding them to the main body.

Read more about appendices

Making sure that all of your sections are in the right place is only the first step to a well-written dissertation. Don’t forget to leave plenty of time for editing and proofreading, as grammar mistakes and sloppy spelling errors can really negatively impact your work.

Dissertations can take up to five years to write, so you will definitely want to make sure that everything is perfect before submitting. You may want to consider using a professional dissertation editing service , AI proofreader or grammar checker to make sure your final project is perfect prior to submitting.

After your written dissertation is approved, your committee will schedule a defense. Similarly to defending your prospectus, dissertation defenses are oral presentations of your work. You’ll present your dissertation, and your committee will ask you questions. Many departments allow family members, friends, and other people who are interested to join as well.

After your defense, your committee will meet, and then inform you whether you have passed. Keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality; most committees will have resolved any serious issues with your work with you far prior to your defense, giving you ample time to fix any problems.

As you write your dissertation, you can use this simple checklist to make sure you’ve included all the essentials.

Checklist: Dissertation

My title page includes all information required by my university.

I have included acknowledgements thanking those who helped me.

My abstract provides a concise summary of the dissertation, giving the reader a clear idea of my key results or arguments.

I have created a table of contents to help the reader navigate my dissertation. It includes all chapter titles, but excludes the title page, acknowledgements, and abstract.

My introduction leads into my topic in an engaging way and shows the relevance of my research.

My introduction clearly defines the focus of my research, stating my research questions and research objectives .

My introduction includes an overview of the dissertation’s structure (reading guide).

I have conducted a literature review in which I (1) critically engage with sources, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of existing research, (2) discuss patterns, themes, and debates in the literature, and (3) address a gap or show how my research contributes to existing research.

I have clearly outlined the theoretical framework of my research, explaining the theories and models that support my approach.

I have thoroughly described my methodology , explaining how I collected data and analyzed data.

I have concisely and objectively reported all relevant results .

I have (1) evaluated and interpreted the meaning of the results and (2) acknowledged any important limitations of the results in my discussion .

I have clearly stated the answer to my main research question in the conclusion .

I have clearly explained the implications of my conclusion, emphasizing what new insight my research has contributed.

I have provided relevant recommendations for further research or practice.

If relevant, I have included appendices with supplemental information.

I have included an in-text citation every time I use words, ideas, or information from a source.

I have listed every source in a reference list at the end of my dissertation.

I have consistently followed the rules of my chosen citation style .

I have followed all formatting guidelines provided by my university.

Congratulations!

The end is in sight—your dissertation is nearly ready to submit! Make sure it's perfectly polished with the help of a Scribbr editor.

If you’re an educator, feel free to download and adapt these slides to teach your students about structuring a dissertation.

Open Google Slides Download PowerPoint

Is this article helpful?

Other students also liked.

• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates
• Dissertation Table of Contents in Word | Instructions & Examples
• How to Choose a Dissertation Topic | 8 Steps to Follow

More interesting articles

• Checklist: Writing a dissertation
• Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates
• Dissertation Binding and Printing | Options, Tips, & Comparison
• Example of a dissertation abstract
• Figure and Table Lists | Word Instructions, Template & Examples
• How to Write a Discussion Section | Tips & Examples
• How to Write a Dissertation or Thesis Proposal
• How to Write a Results Section | Tips & Examples
• How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Conclusion
• How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Introduction
• How to Write an Abstract | Steps & Examples
• How to Write Recommendations in Research | Examples & Tips
• List of Abbreviations | Example, Template & Best Practices
• Operationalization | A Guide with Examples, Pros & Cons
• Prize-Winning Thesis and Dissertation Examples
• Purpose and structure of an advisory report
• Relevance of Your Dissertation Topic | Criteria & Tips
• Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates
• Shorten your abstract or summary
• Theoretical Framework Example for a Thesis or Dissertation
• Thesis & Dissertation Acknowledgements | Tips & Examples
• Thesis & Dissertation Database Examples
• Thesis & Dissertation Title Page | Free Templates & Examples
• What is a Dissertation Preface? | Definition & Examples
• What is a Glossary? | Definition, Templates, & Examples
• What Is a Research Methodology? | Steps & Tips
• What Is a Theoretical Framework? | Guide to Organizing
• What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

"I thought AI Proofreading was useless but.."

I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”

Dissertation Structure & Layout 101: How to structure your dissertation, thesis or research project.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Reviewed By: David Phair (PhD) | July 2019

So, you’ve got a decent understanding of what a dissertation is , you’ve chosen your topic and hopefully you’ve received approval for your research proposal . Awesome! Now its time to start the actual dissertation or thesis writing journey.

To craft a high-quality document, the very first thing you need to understand is dissertation structure . In this post, we’ll walk you through the generic dissertation structure and layout, step by step. We’ll start with the big picture, and then zoom into each chapter to briefly discuss the core contents. If you’re just starting out on your research journey, you should start with this post, which covers the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis .

*The Caveat *

In this post, we’ll be discussing a traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout, which is generally used for social science research across universities, whether in the US, UK, Europe or Australia. However, some universities may have small variations on this structure (extra chapters, merged chapters, slightly different ordering, etc).

So, always check with your university if they have a prescribed structure or layout that they expect you to work with. If not, it’s safe to assume the structure we’ll discuss here is suitable. And even if they do have a prescribed structure, you’ll still get value from this post as we’ll explain the core contents of each section.  

Overview: S tructuring a dissertation or thesis

• Acknowledgements page
• Abstract (or executive summary)
• Table of contents , list of figures and tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Literature review
• Chapter 3: Methodology
• Chapter 4: Results
• Chapter 5: Discussion
• Chapter 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

As I mentioned, some universities will have slight variations on this structure. For example, they want an additional “personal reflection chapter”, or they might prefer the results and discussion chapter to be merged into one. Regardless, the overarching flow will always be the same, as this flow reflects the research process , which we discussed here – i.e.:

• The introduction chapter presents the core research question and aims .
• The literature review chapter assesses what the current research says about this question.
• The methodology, results and discussion chapters go about undertaking new research about this question.
• The conclusion chapter (attempts to) answer the core research question .

In other words, the dissertation structure and layout reflect the research process of asking a well-defined question(s), investigating, and then answering the question – see below.

To restate that – the structure and layout of a dissertation reflect the flow of the overall research process . This is essential to understand, as each chapter will make a lot more sense if you “get” this concept. If you’re not familiar with the research process, read this post before going further.

Right. Now that we’ve covered the big picture, let’s dive a little deeper into the details of each section and chapter. Oh and by the way, you can also grab our free dissertation/thesis template here to help speed things up.

The title page of your dissertation is the very first impression the marker will get of your work, so it pays to invest some time thinking about your title. But what makes for a good title? A strong title needs to be 3 things:

• Succinct (not overly lengthy or verbose)
• Specific (not vague or ambiguous)
• Representative of the research you’re undertaking (clearly linked to your research questions)

Typically, a good title includes mention of the following:

• The broader area of the research (i.e. the overarching topic)
• The specific focus of your research (i.e. your specific context)
• Indication of research design (e.g. quantitative , qualitative , or  mixed methods ).

For example:

A quantitative investigation [research design] into the antecedents of organisational trust [broader area] in the UK retail forex trading market [specific context/area of focus].

Again, some universities may have specific requirements regarding the format and structure of the title, so it’s worth double-checking expectations with your institution (if there’s no mention in the brief or study material).

Acknowledgements

This page provides you with an opportunity to say thank you to those who helped you along your research journey. Generally, it’s optional (and won’t count towards your marks), but it is academic best practice to include this.

So, who do you say thanks to? Well, there’s no prescribed requirements, but it’s common to mention the following people:

• Your dissertation supervisor or committee.
• Any professors, lecturers or academics that helped you understand the topic or methodologies.
• Any tutors, mentors or advisors.
• Your family and friends, especially spouse (for adult learners studying part-time).

There’s no need for lengthy rambling. Just state who you’re thankful to and for what (e.g. thank you to my supervisor, John Doe, for his endless patience and attentiveness) – be sincere. In terms of length, you should keep this to a page or less.

Abstract or executive summary

The dissertation abstract (or executive summary for some degrees) serves to provide the first-time reader (and marker or moderator) with a big-picture view of your research project. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it should be able to stand alone .

For it to stand alone, your abstract should cover the following key points (at a minimum):

• Your research questions and aims – what key question(s) did your research aim to answer?
• Your methodology – how did you go about investigating the topic and finding answers to your research question(s)?
• Your findings – following your own research, what did do you discover?
• Your conclusions – based on your findings, what conclusions did you draw? What answers did you find to your research question(s)?

So, in much the same way the dissertation structure mimics the research process, your abstract or executive summary should reflect the research process, from the initial stage of asking the original question to the final stage of answering that question.

In practical terms, it’s a good idea to write this section up last , once all your core chapters are complete. Otherwise, you’ll end up writing and rewriting this section multiple times (just wasting time). For a step by step guide on how to write a strong executive summary, check out this post .

Need a helping hand?

Table of contents

This section is straightforward. You’ll typically present your table of contents (TOC) first, followed by the two lists – figures and tables. I recommend that you use Microsoft Word’s automatic table of contents generator to generate your TOC. If you’re not familiar with this functionality, the video below explains it simply:

If you find that your table of contents is overly lengthy, consider removing one level of depth. Oftentimes, this can be done without detracting from the usefulness of the TOC.

Right, now that the “admin” sections are out of the way, its time to move on to your core chapters. These chapters are the heart of your dissertation and are where you’ll earn the marks. The first chapter is the introduction chapter – as you would expect, this is the time to introduce your research…

It’s important to understand that even though you’ve provided an overview of your research in your abstract, your introduction needs to be written as if the reader has not read that (remember, the abstract is essentially a standalone document). So, your introduction chapter needs to start from the very beginning, and should address the following questions:

• What will you be investigating (in plain-language, big picture-level)?
• Why is that worth investigating? How is it important to academia or business? How is it sufficiently original?
• What are your research aims and research question(s)? Note that the research questions can sometimes be presented at the end of the literature review (next chapter).
• What is the scope of your study? In other words, what will and won’t you cover ?
• How will you approach your research? In other words, what methodology will you adopt?
• How will you structure your dissertation? What are the core chapters and what will you do in each of them?

These are just the bare basic requirements for your intro chapter. Some universities will want additional bells and whistles in the intro chapter, so be sure to carefully read your brief or consult your research supervisor.

If done right, your introduction chapter will set a clear direction for the rest of your dissertation. Specifically, it will make it clear to the reader (and marker) exactly what you’ll be investigating, why that’s important, and how you’ll be going about the investigation. Conversely, if your introduction chapter leaves a first-time reader wondering what exactly you’ll be researching, you’ve still got some work to do.

Now that you’ve set a clear direction with your introduction chapter, the next step is the literature review . In this section, you will analyse the existing research (typically academic journal articles and high-quality industry publications), with a view to understanding the following questions:

• What does the literature currently say about the topic you’re investigating?
• Is the literature lacking or well established? Is it divided or in disagreement?
• How does your research fit into the bigger picture?
• How does your research contribute something original?
• How does the methodology of previous studies help you develop your own?

Depending on the nature of your study, you may also present a conceptual framework towards the end of your literature review, which you will then test in your actual research.

Again, some universities will want you to focus on some of these areas more than others, some will have additional or fewer requirements, and so on. Therefore, as always, its important to review your brief and/or discuss with your supervisor, so that you know exactly what’s expected of your literature review chapter.

Now that you’ve investigated the current state of knowledge in your literature review chapter and are familiar with the existing key theories, models and frameworks, its time to design your own research. Enter the methodology chapter – the most “science-ey” of the chapters…

In this chapter, you need to address two critical questions:

• Exactly HOW will you carry out your research (i.e. what is your intended research design)?
• Exactly WHY have you chosen to do things this way (i.e. how do you justify your design)?

Remember, the dissertation part of your degree is first and foremost about developing and demonstrating research skills . Therefore, the markers want to see that you know which methods to use, can clearly articulate why you’ve chosen then, and know how to deploy them effectively.

Importantly, this chapter requires detail – don’t hold back on the specifics. State exactly what you’ll be doing, with who, when, for how long, etc. Moreover, for every design choice you make, make sure you justify it.

In practice, you will likely end up coming back to this chapter once you’ve undertaken all your data collection and analysis, and revise it based on changes you made during the analysis phase. This is perfectly fine. Its natural for you to add an additional analysis technique, scrap an old one, etc based on where your data lead you. Of course, I’m talking about small changes here – not a fundamental switch from qualitative to quantitative, which will likely send your supervisor in a spin!

You’ve now collected your data and undertaken your analysis, whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. In this chapter, you’ll present the raw results of your analysis . For example, in the case of a quant study, you’ll present the demographic data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics , etc.

Typically, Chapter 4 is simply a presentation and description of the data, not a discussion of the meaning of the data. In other words, it’s descriptive, rather than analytical – the meaning is discussed in Chapter 5. However, some universities will want you to combine chapters 4 and 5, so that you both present and interpret the meaning of the data at the same time. Check with your institution what their preference is.

Now that you’ve presented the data analysis results, its time to interpret and analyse them. In other words, its time to discuss what they mean, especially in relation to your research question(s).

What you discuss here will depend largely on your chosen methodology. For example, if you’ve gone the quantitative route, you might discuss the relationships between variables . If you’ve gone the qualitative route, you might discuss key themes and the meanings thereof. It all depends on what your research design choices were.

Most importantly, you need to discuss your results in relation to your research questions and aims, as well as the existing literature. What do the results tell you about your research questions? Are they aligned with the existing research or at odds? If so, why might this be? Dig deep into your findings and explain what the findings suggest, in plain English.

The final chapter – you’ve made it! Now that you’ve discussed your interpretation of the results, its time to bring it back to the beginning with the conclusion chapter . In other words, its time to (attempt to) answer your original research question s (from way back in chapter 1). Clearly state what your conclusions are in terms of your research questions. This might feel a bit repetitive, as you would have touched on this in the previous chapter, but its important to bring the discussion full circle and explicitly state your answer(s) to the research question(s).

Next, you’ll typically discuss the implications of your findings . In other words, you’ve answered your research questions – but what does this mean for the real world (or even for academia)? What should now be done differently, given the new insight you’ve generated?

Lastly, you should discuss the limitations of your research, as well as what this means for future research in the area. No study is perfect, especially not a Masters-level. Discuss the shortcomings of your research. Perhaps your methodology was limited, perhaps your sample size was small or not representative, etc, etc. Don’t be afraid to critique your work – the markers want to see that you can identify the limitations of your work. This is a strength, not a weakness. Be brutal!

This marks the end of your core chapters – woohoo! From here on out, it’s pretty smooth sailing.

The reference list is straightforward. It should contain a list of all resources cited in your dissertation, in the required format, e.g. APA , Harvard, etc.

It’s essential that you use reference management software for your dissertation. Do NOT try handle your referencing manually – its far too error prone. On a reference list of multiple pages, you’re going to make mistake. To this end, I suggest considering either Mendeley or Zotero. Both are free and provide a very straightforward interface to ensure that your referencing is 100% on point. I’ve included a simple how-to video for the Mendeley software (my personal favourite) below:

Some universities may ask you to include a bibliography, as opposed to a reference list. These two things are not the same . A bibliography is similar to a reference list, except that it also includes resources which informed your thinking but were not directly cited in your dissertation. So, double-check your brief and make sure you use the right one.

The very last piece of the puzzle is the appendix or set of appendices. This is where you’ll include any supporting data and evidence. Importantly, supporting is the keyword here.

Your appendices should provide additional “nice to know”, depth-adding information, which is not critical to the core analysis. Appendices should not be used as a way to cut down word count (see this post which covers how to reduce word count ). In other words, don’t place content that is critical to the core analysis here, just to save word count. You will not earn marks on any content in the appendices, so don’t try to play the system!

Time to recap…

And there you have it – the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows:

• Acknowledgments page

Most importantly, the core chapters should reflect the research process (asking, investigating and answering your research question). Moreover, the research question(s) should form the golden thread throughout your dissertation structure. Everything should revolve around the research questions, and as you’ve seen, they should form both the start point (i.e. introduction chapter) and the endpoint (i.e. conclusion chapter).

I hope this post has provided you with clarity about the traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout. If you have any questions or comments, please leave a comment below, or feel free to get in touch with us. Also, be sure to check out the rest of the  Grad Coach Blog .

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

You Might Also Like:

36 Comments

many thanks i found it very useful

Glad to hear that, Arun. Good luck writing your dissertation.

Such clear practical logical advice. I very much needed to read this to keep me focused in stead of fretting.. Perfect now ready to start my research!

what about scientific fields like computer or engineering thesis what is the difference in the structure? thank you very much

Thanks so much this helped me a lot!

Very helpful and accessible. What I like most is how practical the advice is along with helpful tools/ links.

Thanks Ade!

Thank you so much sir.. It was really helpful..

You’re welcome!

Hi! How many words maximum should contain the abstract?

Thank you so much 😊 Find this at the right moment

You’re most welcome. Good luck with your dissertation.

best ever benefit i got on right time thank you

Many times Clarity and vision of destination of dissertation is what makes the difference between good ,average and great researchers the same way a great automobile driver is fast with clarity of address and Clear weather conditions .

I guess Great researcher = great ideas + knowledge + great and fast data collection and modeling + great writing + high clarity on all these

You have given immense clarity from start to end.

Morning. Where will I write the definitions of what I’m referring to in my report?

Thank you so much Derek, I was almost lost! Thanks a tonnnn! Have a great day!

Thanks ! so concise and valuable

This was very helpful. Clear and concise. I know exactly what to do now.

Thank you for allowing me to go through briefly. I hope to find time to continue.

Really useful to me. Thanks a thousand times

Very interesting! It will definitely set me and many more for success. highly recommended.

Thank you soo much sir, for the opportunity to express my skills

Usefull, thanks a lot. Really clear

Very nice and easy to understand. Thank you .

That was incredibly useful. Thanks Grad Coach Crew!

My stress level just dropped at least 15 points after watching this. Just starting my thesis for my grad program and I feel a lot more capable now! Thanks for such a clear and helpful video, Emma and the GradCoach team!

Do we need to mention the number of words the dissertation contains in the main document?

It depends on your university’s requirements, so it would be best to check with them 🙂

Such a helpful post to help me get started with structuring my masters dissertation, thank you!

Great video; I appreciate that helpful information

It is so necessary or avital course

This blog is very informative for my research. Thank you

Doctoral students are required to fill out the National Research Council’s Survey of Earned Doctorates

wow this is an amazing gain in my life

This is so good

How can i arrange my specific objectives in my dissertation?

Trackbacks/Pingbacks

• What Is A Literature Review (In A Dissertation Or Thesis) - Grad Coach - […] is to write the actual literature review chapter (this is usually the second chapter in a typical dissertation or…

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Print Friendly

Clothing and UTV found in search for couple missing in Moab flood

Searchers find men’s pants, ladies jacket downstream; search will end at noon due to flood warning.

(via Times-Independent) Ray and Maranda Ankofski have been missing since Friday. A coordinated search effort at Steel Bender is underway.

Search teams looking for a Texas couple that’s been missing for six days following an intense storm and widespread flooding June 21 have recovered a pair of men’s pants, with keys and wallet inside them, and a woman’s rain jacket, downstream from where their off-highway vehicle was found on the rugged Steel Bender Trail.

The findings don’t bode well for Ray Ankofski, 58, and Maranda Ankofski, 50, after an exhaustive search has thus far been unsuccessful.

“We have four dog teams currently with Search and Rescue,” said Sheriff Jamison Wiggins. “We’ve covered ground from where we found their UTV to the Colorado River, through town, and up to Mill Creek.”

Clues, said Wiggins, have been sparse. In addition to Ray Ankofski’s pants and the contents in them and Maranda Ankofski’s rain jacket, searchers also found OHV parts that likely went to their OHV. The truck and trailer were at the trailhead and a caller notified the sheriff’s office that it had been abandoned. That call on Tuesday prompted an immediate search.

Wiggins said there are indications the couple crossed Mill Creek before the flash flood hit. They saw signs the Ankofskis had to turn around at one point and they followed the tracks back to the creek. “We lost their tracks at the creek crossing,” said Wiggins, which led searchers to believe they were swept downstream, where the items belonging to the couple were found.

While he didn’t say the search has gone from rescue to recovery, Wiggins did say that the couple’s bodies could be covered up by mud or trapped in a “strainer,” the name given to the debris that clings to trees after a flood.

“It’s debris and logs and them more debris and more logs wrapped around about 200 trees,” said the sheriff, adding it isn’t uncommon for strainers to weigh a few tons.

Search postponed at noon

Due to a flood watch warning in effect today, June 27, Wiggins said searchers have been ordered to return to town at noon. “I don’t want anyone from Search and Rescue out there if it floods again,” he said.

Also, the dogs and their handlers came from other agencies in Cache and Utah counties and Mesa County, Colorado. They have to return to their home bases today, Wiggins said.

About the couple

The Ankofskis were visiting Moab from Pearlton, Texas, for the third time in three years, according to social media posts.

Judy Lamb, a sister, told ABC 13 that they’re “big outdoors people who have ample experience hiking, camping, and riding utility terrain vehicles.”

Maranda is an elementary school teacher and Ray is a used car director at a car dealership.

“My parents were 2 amazing people doing something they loved and we are devastated that this is the current circumstances,” wrote their daughter in a GoFundMe to support the search .

Andrew Christiansen contributed to this report.

This story was first published by The Times-Independent.

Donate to the newsroom now. The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) public charity and contributions are tax deductible

Lawsuit against Tim Ballard and OUR over training incident dismissed by judge. Here’s why.

Police say they cracked 51-year-old moab murder case, thomas rogers, a giant in latter-day saint arts and letters, dies, supreme court overrules chevron doctrine, imperiling an array of federal rules, supreme court rules for member of jan 6. mob in obstruction case, featured local savings.

• Election 2024
• Entertainment
• Newsletters
• Photography
• Personal Finance
• AP Investigations
• AP Buyline Personal Finance
• AP Buyline Shopping
• Press Releases
• Israel-Hamas War
• Russia-Ukraine War
• Global elections
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East
• Election Results
• Delegate Tracker
• AP & Elections
• Auto Racing
• 2024 Paris Olympic Games
• Movie reviews
• Book reviews
• Financial Markets
• Business Highlights
• Financial wellness
• Artificial Intelligence
• Social Media

Southgate says he is ‘oblivious’ of Lineker’s four-letter criticism of England

England’s manager Gareth Southgate sits at the bench prior to a Group C match between Denmark and England at the Euro 2024 soccer tournament in Frankfurt, Germany, Thursday, June 20, 2024. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)

England’s Harry Kane walks to the bench past England’s manager Gareth Southgate after being substituted during a Group C match between Denmark and England at the Euro 2024 soccer tournament in Frankfurt, Germany, Thursday, June 20, 2024. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)

FILE - Gary Lineker, sports broadcaster and former England soccer player smiles as he takes his seat in the Royal Box on Centre Court on day six of the Wimbledon tennis championships in London, Saturday, July 8, 2023. Gary Lineker’s political opinions have upset the U.K. government in the recent past - now he has delivered a brutal, four-letter assessment of England’s national soccer team at Euro 2024. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant, File)

• Copy Link copied

COLOGNE, Germany (AP) — Gary Lineker’s stinging criticism of England created waves at the European Championship.

Gareth Southgate, however, said he was “oblivious” to the four-letter assessment delivered by one of England’s greatest players and one of Britain’s biggest television stars.

“It is not important to me at all,” he said on Monday. “If you don’t open yourself to it, it can’t affect you.”

England’s preparations for its final Group C game against Slovenia on Tuesday have been conducted against the backdrop of media and public criticism after the team’s 1-1 draw with Denmark .

“We have to reflect the mood of the nation,” Lineker, the former England captain, said on his podcast, The Rest is Football. “I can’t imagine anybody, who is English, that would have enjoyed England’s performance because it was lethargic, it was dour ...

“You can think of all sorts of words and expletives if you like,” he added, before using a four-letter word of his own.

His comments made headlines in the English media and earned rebuke from captain Harry Kane.

Southgate chose not to engage.

“The great thing about being in this job for a long time is I’ve managed to realize how to manage myself in the best way. So a few years ago I would’ve read things, I would’ve listened to things, and it would’ve saddened me and it would’ve taken energy from me. Now I have to cut myself off from it.”

Lineker is the highest-paid star on the publicly funded national broadcaster, the BBC. His political opinions have upset the U.K. government in the recent past when comparing the government’s language about migrants to that used in Nazi Germany.

Now he has turned his fire on the national soccer team, but Southgate said no criticism could be worse than his own.

“We are a high-profile team with expectations and we fully understand everything we do will be scrutinized so I am very comfortable living that life and I don’t need to engage in external because I am my own biggest critic. I think our players are as well,” he said.

“So there is nothing to be gained for us, that is going to help improve us, listening to external criticism. We know what we have done well, we are very honest about that. We know when we need to be better, we are brutally honest about that.”

Southgate was appointed England manager in 2016 and led the team to the semifinals of the 2018 World Cup.

England lost the final of the last Euros to Italy on penalties, and was knocked out of the 2022 World Cup by France in the quarterfinals.

James Robson is at https://twitter.com/jamesalanrobson

AP Euro 2024: https://apnews.com/hub/euro-2024

Search Answers

Search crossword answers.

Select Length

For multiple-word answers, ignore spaces. E.g., YESNO (yes no), etc.

Scholarly dissertation Crossword Clue

Here is the answer for the crossword clue Scholarly dissertation . We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 98% match which has a length of 6 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is THESIS .

Crossword Answer For Scholarly dissertation:

You can click on the tiles to reveal letter by letter before uncovering the full solution.

40 Potential Answers:

To get better results - specify the word length & known letters in the search.

Fresh Clues From Recent Puzzles

• Finished Crossword Clue Commuter
• Increases being, in various cases, overdue (9) Crossword Clue
• ___ Hoop, hoop that kids have fun with during recess at 14d Crossword Clue
• A fall for detectives is sweet (4,4) Crossword Clue
• Floats up and Crossword Clue
• A break in proceedings (6) Crossword Clue
• A Friend has old Joburg number plate crazy Mom regularly hires (7) Crossword Clue
• Site for a big game, maybe Crossword Clue
• Rita got a person to stir things up (8) Crossword Clue
• Measurements scout is taking in Thailand Crossword Clue

Your Crossword Clues FAQ Guide

What are the top solutions for scholarly dissertation .

We found 40 solutions for Scholarly dissertation. The top solutions are determined by popularity, ratings and frequency of searches. The most likely answer for the clue is THESIS.

How many solutions does Scholarly dissertation have?

With crossword-solver.io you will find 40 solutions. We use historic puzzles to find the best matches for your question. We add many new clues on a daily basis.

How can I find a solution for Scholarly dissertation ?

With our crossword solver search engine you have access to over 7 million clues. You can narrow down the possible answers by specifying the number of letters it contains. We found more than 40 answers for Scholarly dissertation.

Crossword Answers

• Eugene Sheffer
• LA Times Daily
• New York Times
• The Telegraph Quick
• Thomas Joseph
• Wall Street Journal
• See All Crossword Puzzles

Crossword Finders

• Search by Clue
• Search by Puzzle
• Search by Answer
• Crowssword Hints

Watch CBS News

CDK Global calls cyberattack that crippled its software platform a "ransom event"

By Megan Cerullo

Edited By Anne Marie Lee

Updated on: June 25, 2024 / 9:06 AM EDT / CBS News

CDK Global is now calling the  cyberattack that took down its software platform  for its auto dealership clients "a ransom event." 

In a note to clients Saturday, CDK for the first time acknowledged that the hackers that made its dealer management system, or DMS,  unavailable to clients for days , are demanding a ransom to restore its systems. 

"Thank you for your patience as we recover from the cyber ransom event that occurred on June 19th," CDK said in a memo to clients on Saturday, according to a copy of the email obtained by CBS MoneyWatch . 

CDK added in the note that it has started restoring its systems and expects the process of bringing major applications back online "to take several days and not weeks."

Beware of phishing

In its memo, the company also warned car dealerships to be alert to phishing scams, or entities posing as CDK but who are in fact bad actors trying to obtain proprietary information like customers' passwords. 

A CDK spokesperson told CBS MoneyWatch that it is providing customers "with alternate ways to conduct business" while its systems remain inoperative. 

The cybercriminals behind the CDK attack are linked to a group called BlackSuit, Bloomberg reported on Monday, citing Allan Liska of computer security firm Recorded Future. In a June 21 story , the media outlet also said the hackers were demanding tens of millions of dollars and that CDK planned to pay the ransom. 

Liska didn't immediately respond to a request for comment. CDK itself hasn't pointed to any group behind the attack on its system that  has disrupted car dealerships across the U.S.  since last week. Companies targeted in ransomware schemes are often reluctant to disclose information in the midst of negotiations with hackers on a payment.

"When you see an attack of this kind, it almost always ends up being a ransomware attack," Cliff Steinhauer, director of information security and engagement at the National Cybersecurity Alliance, told the Associated Press. "We see it time and time again unfortunately, [particularly in] the last couple of years. No industry and no organization or software company is immune."

"Doing everything manually"

The hack has left some car dealers unable to do business altogether, while others report using pen and paper, and even "sticky notes" to record transactions. 

Tom Maoli, owner of Celebrity Motor Car Company, which operates five luxury car dealerships across New York and New Jersey, on Monday told CBS MoneyWatch his employees "are doing everything manually."

"We are trying to keep our customers happy and the biggest issue is the banking side of things, which is completely backed up. We can't fund deals," he said. 

Asbury Automotive Group, a Fortune 500 company operating more than 150 new car dealerships across the U.S., in a statement on Monday  said  the attack has "adversely impacted" its operations and has hindered its ability to do business. Its Koons Automotive dealerships in Maryland and Virginia, however, which don't rely on CDK's software, have been able to operate without interruption, the company said.  

Ransomware attacks  are on the rise. In 2023, more than 2,200 entities, including U.S. hospitals, schools and governments were directly impacted by ransomware, according to  Emisoft , an anti-malware software company. Additionally, thousands of private sector companies were targeted. Some experts believe that the only way to stop such attacks is to ban the payment of ransoms, which Emisoft said would lead bad actors to "quickly pivot and move from high impact encryption-based attacks to other less disruptive forms of cybercrime."

Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of State  offered $10 million in exchange for the identities  of leaders of the Hive ransomware gang, which since 2021 has been responsible for attacks on more than 1,500 institutions in over 80 countries, resulting in the theft of more than $100 million. 

• Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
• Cyberattack

Megan Cerullo is a New York-based reporter for CBS MoneyWatch covering small business, workplace, health care, consumer spending and personal finance topics. She regularly appears on CBS News 24/7 to discuss her reporting.

More from CBS News

CDK Global shares when systems will be back up amid cyberattack outage

CDK updates dealers on status of sales software restoration after cyberattack

3 ways the CDK cyberattack is affecting car buyers

AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon confirm service outages for customers abroad

• Bureaus & Agencies Bureaus & Agencies collapsed link
• Boards, Commissions & Councils Boards, Commissions & Councils collapsed link
• LEO Initiatives LEO Initiatives collapsed link
• About About collapsed link
• News from LEO Agencies
• Bureau of Employment Relations
• Bureau of Services for Blind Persons
• Michigan Career & Technical Institute
• Michigan Economic Development Corporation
• Community & Worker Economic Transition Office
• Michigan High-Speed Internet Office
• Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Michigan Rehabilitation Services
• Michigan State Housing Development Authority
• Office of Global Michigan
• Office of Mobility and Electrification
• Office of Rural Prosperity
• Unemployment Insurance Agency
• Workers' Disability Compensation Agency
• State Land Bank Authority
• Workforce Development
• Michigan Employment Relations Commission
• Wage and Hour
• Broad Overview
• BSBP Local Offices
• BSBP Office Information
• DeafBlind Services
• Documents and Reports
• Transition Programs
• BSBP Advisory Commission
• BSBP Resources
• BSBP Training Center
• BSBP Vocational Rehabilitation
• Business Enterprise Program
• Independent Living Services for Seniors
• Pre-ETS-Transition
• Braille and Talking Book Library
• MCTI Locations
• Student Resources
• Digital Inclusion Resources
• MI Connected Future
• Funding Opportunities
• MIOSHA MTI Survey Page
• Online Penalty Payment
• Safety and Health Programs
• About MIOSHA
• Consultation Education and Training
• Enforcement and Appeals
• Policies and Procedures
• Reporting Fatalities and Injuries
• Employer Assistance
• Disability Resources
• MRS for Individuals
• Legislative Reports
• Rural Readiness Program
• Roadmap to Rural Prosperity
• Rural Readiness Grant Program
• Community Liaisons
• Equity Grant
• UIA Resources for Workers
• UI Dashboard
• UIA Resources for Employers
• Tools & Resources
• Employees' Information
• Funds Administration
• Health Care Services
• Hearings and Appeals
• Insurance Requirements
• Resources and Reports
• Self-Insurance
• Vocational Rehabilitation
• Partner Land Banks
• Requests for Proposals and Qualifications
• Reports and FAQ's
• Michigan Works!
• Programs and Services
• Registered Apprenticeships
• Industry and Business
• Workforce Professionals
• Data and Public Notices
• Agricultural & Foreign Labor Services
• Education and Training
• Veterans' Employment Services
• Post Secondary Schools
• Michigan Council for Rehabilitation Services
• Black Leadership Advisory Council
• Commission on Middle Eastern American Affairs
• Hispanic/Latino Commission of Michigan
• Michigan Asian Pacific American Affairs Commission
• Michigan Community Service Commission
• Michigan Council on Future Mobility
• Michigan Women's Commission
• Michigan Workforce Development Board
• MiSTEM Advisory Council and MiSTEM Network
• Unemployment Insurance Appeals Commission
• Workers' Disability Compensation Appeals Commission
• MCRS Events
• BLAC Statement on Legislation
• BLAC Statements on Rep Josh Schriver
• Michigan's AmeriCorps
• Governor's Service Awards
• Mentor Michigan
• News, Funding & Resources
• Afghan Arrivals
• Youth Initiatives

Executive Order 2020-107 established Michigan Workforce Development Board

• Sep 16 Meeting

MiSTEM convenes a statewide network of leaders in education, business and local communities to empower the next generation of innovators.

• Regional Networks
• Get Involved
• MiSTEM News
• Advisory Council
• STEM Toolbox
• Financial Hardship Waiver (Section 62(a)(ii)) En Banc Decision (Owczarski dissenting) Issued on January 31, 2024
• Info for MOAHR
• Circuit Court Decisions

formerly MI Compensation Appellate Commission

• Current Statistics
• All-Access Michigan
• Build Michigan's Infrastructure Workforce Program
• COVID-19 Workplace Safety
• Mental Health in the Workplace
• MI New Economy
• Resources for Businesses
• MI Small Business
• Michigan Poverty Task Force
• Skills to Work
• Youth Employment
• Workplace Rights
• Affecting the Workplace
• Upcoming Events
• In the Workplace
• Individualized Behavior
• Understanding the Impact
• Opportunities for MI Nonprofits
• Contact LEO
• LEO Careers
• Executive Leadership

Contact for LEO divisions

• Susan Corbin
• Jonathan Smith
• Stephanie Beckhorn
• Quentin Messer
• Bureaus & Agencies
• Boards, Commissions & Councils
• LEO Initiatives

Search is currently unavailable. Please try again later.

Popular on michigan.gov

• Agriculture and Rural Development
• Civil Rights
• Environment
• Health and Human Services
• Natural Resources
• Secretary of State

How Do I...

• Register to Vote
• Renew My License Plate
• View assistance programs

The web Browser you are currently using is unsupported, and some features of this site may not work as intended. Please update to a modern browser such as Chrome, Firefox or Edge to experience all features Michigan.gov has to offer. 

• Google Chrome
• Microsoft Edge

$17.8 Million in Going PRO Talent Fund Awards Will Support More than 300 Michigan Businesses

June 27, 2024

Talent Fund Will Grow Michigan’s Workforce, Allowing Businesses to Train Nearly 10,000 New and Existing Employees

LANSING, Mich.  — The Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity (LEO) today announced more than 300 Michigan businesses will receive a combined $17.8 million from cycle 2 of the Going PRO Talent Fund (Talent Fund) to boost workforce development across the state. The Talent Fund provides businesses with the resources they need to train, develop and retain current and newly hired employees. Including this awards cycle, the initiative has supported high-skill, in-demand job training for more than 210,000 Michiganders since its launch in 2014. 

Cycle 2 includes 365 awards granted to 356 employers. The Talent Fund will enable them to train nearly 10,000 Michiganders – 3,144 new hires and 6,823 existing employees. The funding will also support 1,678 Registered Apprenticeships to grow the state’s skilled workforce and help Michigan navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing economic landscape. The Legislature today approved $54.8 million for Going PRO Talent Fund for the fiscal year 2025 budget, allowing LEO to continue to equip businesses with talent retention and training resources.

“The Going PRO Talent Fund demonstrates Michigan’s commitment to growing our workforce and providing businesses with the resources they need to thrive and contribute to our economy," said LEO Director Susan Corbin . "This initiative is a testament to the power of collaboration between the state, employers, and local agencies working together to build a stronger, more resilient Michigan."

The Talent Fund continues to play a vital role in Michigan's economic development by investing in the skills and talents of its workforce. This initiative helps employers enhance their employees' skills, ensuring they remain competitive in today’s fast-paced and evolving job market. By providing financial assistance for training, the Talent Fund addresses the critical need for skilled workers across various industries, contributing to the overall economic growth and prosperity of the state.

The Talent Fund is part of LEO’s unique All-Access approach to solving complex workforce problems and improves economic outcomes across the state by addressing structural challenges and removing barriers preventing people and businesses from reaching their full potential.

"We are committed to empowering Michigan's workforce with the skills they need to thrive in today’s competitive job market," said Stephanie Beckhorn, director of LEO’s Office of Employment and Training . "The Going PRO Talent Fund is an essential resource that helps employers address their training needs and invest in their employees' professional growth. This initiative not only supports individual career advancement but also drives economic development.”

Success stories of the Talent Fund include businesses that have significantly improved their operational efficiency, productivity, and employee retention rates through the skills development it supports. The Talent Fund also greatly benefits Michigan workers who, on average, see an increase of 9% in their hourly wages six months after completing training.

"The training supported by the Going PRO Talent Fund was transformative, not just for my career but for my perspective on manufacturing's potential impact on the world,” said David Pridmore, Training and Development Specialist at RoMan Manufacturing . “It's more than mastering technical skills; it's about being part of a bigger mission to innovate for a sustainable future. I feel empowered and valued, knowing that my work contributes to critical industries and helps set global standards in energy efficiency and productivity." 

The Talent Fund grants are awarded to employers through the Michigan Works! network. Participating employers play an integral role in defining their key training needs and working with their local Michigan Works! agency and other partners to develop an appropriate training plan. Training must fill a demonstrated talent need experienced by the employer and lead to a transferable, industry-recognized credential.

"The increased demand for Going PRO Talent Funds demonstrates how successful the program has proven to be for employers and employees alike,” said Northwest Michigan Works! Director Jessica Willis . “It serves as a critical tool for Michigan, ensuring businesses have the trained workforce needed for today's in-demand jobs. For employees, having the opportunity to learn a new skill set and earn a credential further solidifies the impact of the Going PRO Talent Fund. It truly is a meaningful investment that has real-life impactful outcomes for businesses and workers across the state."

From 2005 to 2018, Michigan’s workforce was one of the five states with the largest decline in workforce participation. Today, the state is making measurable progress. The most recent data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ranks Michigan #3 in the nation and #1 in the Midwest in the percentage of workers added to the workforce, with a 2.5% growth in the last six months.

The state also ranks #4 in the nation and #1 in the Midwest in total workers added to the workforce, with more than 124,000 workers added in the last six months.

The list of grant recipients and more information about the Going PRO Talent Fund can be found at Michigan.gov/TalentFund .

Media Contact:

Mike Murray

[email protected]

517-449-8231

Related News

Mihi launches $13m grant process for michigan's inclusive training, technology and equity network, opinion: move michigan from laggard to leader in protecting kids from harms of tobacco, three energy sector employers recognized as models for registered apprenticeship programs, workers can access uia's online resources over juneteenth holiday, new uia coaching session walks claimants through their determination letters, what you need to know about the uia overpayment lawsuit settlement, gov. whitmer, sec. vilsack announce expansion of rural readiness program to win projects, build infrastructure, create jobs in rural michigan, youth employment month highlights opportunities for youth to gain valuable work experience, uia lansing office closes next week for customer-focused renovations.