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Getting a Ph.D. in Psychology

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily Swaim is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, and Vox.

Verywell / Evan Polenghi

Ph.D. vs. Psy.D.

Job opportunities, earning a degree, specialty areas, alternatives.

Getting a Ph.D. in psychology can open up a whole new world of career opportunities. For many careers paths in psychology-related career paths, a doctoral degree is necessary to obtain work and certification. A Ph.D. is one option, but it is not the only educational path that's available to reach some of these goals.

A Ph.D., or doctor of philosophy, is one of the highest level degrees you can earn in the field of psychology . If you're considering pursuing a graduate degree, you might be wondering how long it takes to earn a Ph.D. in psychology . Generally, a bachelor's degree takes four years of study. While a master's degree requires an additional two to three years of study beyond the bachelor's, a doctoral degree can take between four to six years of additional graduate study after earning your bachelor's degree.

Recently, a new degree option known as the Psy.D. , or doctor of psychology, has grown in popularity as an alternative to the Ph.D. The type of degree you decide to pursue depends on a variety of factors, including your own interests and your career aspirations.

Before deciding which is right for you, research your options and decide if graduate school in psychology is even the best choice for you. Depending on your career goals, you might need to earn a master's or doctoral degree in psychology in order to practice in your chosen field. In other instances, a degree in a similar subject such as counseling or social work may be more appropriate.

A doctorate in psychology is required if you want to open your own private practice.

If you want to become a licensed psychologist, you must earn either a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. in clinical or counseling psychology.

In most cases, you will also need a doctorate if you want to teach and conduct research at the college or university level. While there are some opportunities available for people with a master's degree in various specialty fields, such as industrial-organizational psychology and health psychology , those with a doctorate will generally find higher pay, greater job demand, and more opportunity for growth.

In order to earn a Ph.D. in psychology, you need to first begin by earning your bachelor's degree. While earning your undergraduate degree in psychology can be helpful, students with bachelor's degrees in other subjects can also apply their knowledge to psychology Ph.D. programs . Some students in doctorate programs may have a master's degree in psychology , but most doctorate programs do not require it.

After you’ve been admitted to a graduate program, it generally takes at least four years to earn a Ph.D. and another year to complete an internship. Once these requirements have been fulfilled, you can take state and national exams to become licensed to practice psychology in the state where you wish to work.

Once you enter the graduate level of psychology, you will need to choose an area of specialization, such as clinical psychology , counseling psychology, health psychology, or cognitive psychology . The American Psychological Association (APA) accredits graduate programs in three areas: clinical, counseling, and school psychology.   If you are interested in going into one of these specialty areas, it's important to choose a school that has received accreditation through the APA.

For many students, the choice may come down to a clinical psychology program versus a counseling psychology program. There are many similarities between these two Ph.D. options, but there are important distinctions that students should consider. Clinical programs may have more of a research focus while counseling programs tend to focus more on professional practice. The path you choose will depend largely on what you plan to do after you complete your degree.

Of course, the Ph.D. in psychology is not the only graduate degree option. The Psy.D. is a doctorate degree option that you might also want to consider. While there are many similarities between these two degrees, traditional Ph.D. programs tend to be more research-oriented while Psy.D. programs are often more practice-oriented.

The Ph.D. option may be your top choice if you want to mix professional practice with teaching and research, while the Psy.D. option may be preferred if you want to open your own private psychology practice.

In the book "An Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology," authors John C. Norcross and Michael A. Sayette suggest that one of the key differences between the two-degree options is that the Ph.D. programs train producers of research while Psy.D. programs train consumers of research. However, professional opportunities for practice are very similar with both degree types.

Research suggests that there are few discernible differences in terms of professional recognition, employment opportunities, or clinical skills between students trained in the Ph.D. or Psy.D. models. One of the few differences is that those with a Ph.D. degree are far more likely to be employed in academic settings and medical schools.

Social work, counseling, education, and the health sciences are other graduate options that you may want to consider if you decide that a doctorate degree is not the best fit for your interests and career goals.

A Word From Verywell

If you are considering a Ph.D. in psychology, spend some time carefully researching your options and thinking about your future goals. A doctoral degree is a major commitment of time, resources, and effort, so it is worth it to take time to consider the right option for your goals. The Ph.D. in psychology can be a great choice if you are interested in being a scientist-practitioner in the field and want to combine doing research with professional practice. It's also great training if you're interested in working at a university where you would teach classes and conduct research on psychological topics.

University of Pennsylvania; School of Arts and Sciences. Information for applicants .

American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different?

U.S. Department of Labor.  Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Norcross JC, Sayette MA. An Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology (2020/2021 ed.) . New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2020.

Davis SF, Giordano PJ, Licht CA. Your Career in Psychology: Putting Your Graduate Degree to Work . John Wiley & Sons; 2012. doi:10.1002/9781444315929

US Department of Education. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 2016-17 .

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Doctorate in Psychology (Ph.D. and Psy.D.)

Contributing Writer

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Updated October 3, 2024

Courtnee James

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

Both a Ph.D. and Psy.D. in psychology can prepare you for clinical, teaching, or research roles after graduation.

Ph.D. and Psy.D. graduates receive similar training and can conduct research, become professors, or provide therapy services. However, a Psy. D. often focuses more on clinical work and therapy techniques, while a Psy.D. emphasizes research and advancing the field. So, if you are planning to go into private practice or work with patients, consider earning a Psy.D.

This page covers the doctorate in psychology program, including what to expect and how to choose between a Ph.D. and a Psy.D.

Popular Online Psychology Doctoral Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

Pros and Cons of Earning a Doctorate in Psychology

Earning a Ph.D. or a Ph.D. in psychology is a significant investment of time and money. While other fields, such as medicine, law, finance, and engineering, often pay more for the same level of education, psychology can offer more work-life balance and the chance to positively impact the lives of others.

It Takes Longer to Earn a Doctorate Degree in Psychology

Most doctoral degrees in psychology programs can be completed in 4-7 years. Students may enroll in a Ph.D. in psychology program after earning their bachelor's in psychology .

• Pro: To become a licensed psychologist, you must earn a doctorate in psychology and obtain a state license. The demand for mental health professionals is high in most parts of the country, and once you are licensed, you can practice independently. However, if you enjoy collaborating with other professionals, you can work in a hospital, joint practice, or in other group settings.
• Con: At times, it may be difficult for Ph.D. in psychology students to balance work, internships, clinical training and studies. What's more, most Ph.D. in psychology candidates continue their research and training for 1-2 years after graduation, also known as a postdoctoral fellowship, to gain experience and qualify for licensure.

You Enter the Workforce as an Authority in the Field

Part of enrolling and earning a doctoral degree in psychology is making the time and the connections that allow students to gain intensive practical experience after graduation. If you have a doctorate degree in psychology, you have deep knowledge of the field, including an understanding of more therapy techniques that can help clients.

• Pro: If you want to become a licensed psychologist or work in academia as a professor and conduct research, you need a doctorate in psychology.
• Con: Earning a Ph.D. can significantly increase your student loan debt.

A Doctorate Degree in Psychology is Versatile

Because a Ph.D. in psychology is a terminal credential for psychologists, earning a doctoral degree in psychology in this broad field can offer candidates flexibility when searching for a career.

For example, while there may not be many opportunities in a graduate's chosen field right away, a doctoral in psychology is an excellent credential for those who may be interested in teaching at the college or university level.

Pro: Only graduates with a Psy.D. or a Ph.D. in psychology can become licensed psychologists (except for school psychologists ). Similarly, if you want to become a professor of psychology in most colleges or universities, you will need to graduate from an accredited doctorate in psychology program.

Because a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. is the terminal degree in psychology, graduates can pursue various jobs in clinical work, therapy, consulting, government or nonprofit work, or research.

While many students work while earning their Psy.D. or Ph.D. in psychology, they are often not yet earning at their full potential and graduate with student loans .

One of the core parts of any doctorate in psychology is conducting original research, which requires years of focus on a single project. Students in psychology Ph.D. programs who do not enjoy the research process may find this very draining.

A Doctoral Degree Offers a High Return on Investment

Because of the high demand for the position and the time and cost psychology Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs involve, psychologist salaries are well above the national average.

• Pro: Psychologists earn a median salary of over $90,000 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This is considerably higher than the 2023 national median salary of about $48,000 for all occupations.
• Con: While only those with a Psy.D. or Ph.D. in psychology can become licensed psychologists, other careers in law, medicine, engineering, or finance typically offer higher salaries. However, for many psychologists, the ability to help others overcome problems or advance research in the field is a main driver for earning a doctorate in psychology.

What Are The Admission Requirements for Psychology Ph.D. and Psy.D Programs?

Psychology Ph.D. programs require a master's in psychology from an accredited program or an equivalent mix of education and experience. Many will accept students with a master's in a related field or a bachelor's degree with work experience.

Students seeking a Ph.D. in psychology often need to demonstrate knowledge of psychology research, while students applying for a Psy.D. program need to show even more extensive research skills or aptitude.

• Minimum Education Level: Master's degree, although a bachelor's with work experience is often also acceptable
• Writing Sample: Transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate institutions attended, often with a minimum 3.0 GPA
• Transcripts: 3-5 letters
• Standardized Tests: Personal statement of intent; previous academic research papers
• Recommendations: GRE
• Additional Required Materials: Immunization records; interviews; comprehensive qualifying exam; health insurance

How Can I Guarantee My Acceptance Into a Doctorate Degree in Psychology Program?

While there is no way to guarantee acceptance into a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. program, you can improve your chances through classes, work, community engagement, professional development, and networking. The more you can show that you have strong professional ethics and can succeed in a doctorate program, the better your chances of being accepted.

• The most important thing an applicant can do to increase their chances of being accepted into a doctorate degree in psychology program is participate in research. Clinical trials and data analysis are some of the most vital components of a psychology career. Psychologists focus as much on mental and behavioral health as they do on studying and understanding human behavior.
• Completing relevant internships and practicums demonstrates a commitment to independent research and looks great on a doctoral degree in psychology application.
• Prospective Ph.D. in psychology candidates can increase their chance of acceptance by cultivating professional relationships with a community of peers. Many do so by joining alumni associations, reaching out to colleagues on LinkedIn, and participating in professional organizations.
• Subscribing to pertinent magazines, forums and workshops that are popular among others in the field. The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) is a good source for information on this topic.

Should I Get a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.?

The Ph.D. and Psy.D. degrees differ in a variety of ways. Students should consider each option carefully before choosing a program.

Ph.D. programs in psychology take 5-7 years to complete and often include a one-year internship. These programs sometimes admit fewer students, as they tend to offer more funding opportunities.

Ph.D. programs emphasize research and include more coursework in research methods and statistics. Students typically have more research-based opportunities during the program, and graduates may pursue careers in research or academia.

The Psy.D. takes 4-5 years to complete, including an internship year. These programs focus more on clinical practice than on research. This track may particularly benefit students who wish to work directly with clients in clinical settings.

Both degrees prepare candidates to seek licensure as clinical psychologists. However, Ph.D. programs may best suit individuals who wish to conduct research or teach in colleges and universities after graduating.

What Should I Expect From a Doctorate Degree in Psychology Program?

Degree completion specifics.

• Number of Required Credits: 60-125
• Typical Length of Program: 5-7 years
• Culminating Experience Project/Paper/Exam: Yes
• Practicums/Internships: Yes

Core Concepts

Both psychology Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs may include the following common courses.

• Developmental Psychology: This topic explores the biological, intellectual, and cognitive foundations of behavior.
• Assessment, Statistics and Research Techniques: Research is a major component of psychology. Students pursuing a Ph.D. in psychology should know how to effectively and efficiently gather pertinent information.
• Multicultural Competencies: These studies explore some commonly addressed issues for people of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic circumstances.
• Dissertation Research: Almost every Ph.D. and Psy.D. in psychology program requires candidates to create and present a dissertation. Many courses prepare students to create, catalog, and share this vital work.
• Ethics and Legal Issues in Psychology: More detailed than bachelor's or master's coursework in the same vein, Ph.D. in psychology students explore the important legal responsibilities and concerns commonly associated with their particular field of study.

Concentrations

Doctorate psychology students often concentrate their studies in a particular clinical or academic discipline. Some popular concentrations include:

• Behavioral Neuroscience: This subfield explores how human brain systems engage in perception, human error, decision-making, movement, and cognition.
• Clinical Psychology: Students gather the data necessary to understand emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal functions in adults and children.
• Abnormal Psychological Disorders: In this subfield, students learn to evaluate, manage, and offer empathetic care to people living with ongoing psychological disorders and trauma.
• Human Growth and Development: This research track investigates how the human mind evolves and devolves across the lifespan, paying special attention to behaviors, aptitudes, and at-risk behaviors.
• Developmental: This focus area is ideal for those who wish to learn valuable skills for careers such as teaching, intervention, and research. A developmental psychology specialty explores cognitive/socio-emotional development and developmental psychopathology.

What Kinds of Psychology Careers Can I Pursue With a Doctorate Degree in Psychology?

Most graduates from psychology Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs work as licensed psychologists or in academic settings as researchers and professors. However, graduates can also pursue government, corporate, or consultant roles.

Clinical Psychologist

Clinical psychologists diagnose patients and prescribe treatment for psychological disorders. They often specialize in a particular approach such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or behavioral therapy, or in a particular type of patient or condition, such as adolescents or eating disorders.

They differ from counseling psychologists, who emphasize helping patients with specific issues rather than a disorder. The average annual salary, according to the BLS, is $106,600 .

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Industrial-organizational psychologists or human resource managers apply psychology to improve organizational performance in corporations. They provide guidance on organizational culture, leadership development, motivation, and other issues related to productivity. This is one of the higher-paid specialties, according to the BLS, with an average annual salary of $154,380 .

Postsecondary Clinical Psychology Educator

Postsecondary clinical psychology educators include college and university professors and other faculty and staff. While the BLS-reported annual salary of $93,990 is lower than other specialties, many professors are eligible for tenure. Administrations expect educators to both teach and publish; the balance will vary by school and position.

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists work in the legal or justice system in a number of roles. They may work as part of criminal investigative teams, as consultants for criminal law firms, or as part of the correctional system. While many are licensed psychologists, some have a master's rather than a psychology doctorate. The annual salary, according to July 2024 Payscale data, is $80,060 .

Educational Psychologist

Educational psychologists apply psychology to improve school and educational performance. School psychologists primarily work with students and families, while educational psychologists focus more on improving the schools' and teachers' overall teaching capacity. According to the BLS, the average annual salary is $91,990 .

Research Psychologist

Research psychologists conduct psychological research in corporate, nonprofit, or government research settings. Their work may include user experience design, nonprofit or government program monitoring and evaluation, or research on ways to improve military performance and morale. According to Salary.com, the average annual salary is $104,041 .

Frequently Asked Questions About Doctoral Programs in Psychology

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Can you prescribe medicine with a Ph.D. in psychology?

While some states allow licensed psychologists to prescribe certain medications, psychologists do not have the same prescribing authority as doctors, psychiatrists, or advanced practice nurses.

Can you get a Ph.D. in psychology without a master's?

In many cases, you do not need to hold a master's to apply to a Ph.D. program in psychology. Many programs accept candidates who hold a bachelor's in the field. Some may require work or internship experience in addition to a bachelor's degree, but this varies from program to program.

Can you get a Ph.D. in psychology online?

A variety of fully online psychology Ph.D. programs allow students to earn their degree anywhere, at any time. However, students must complete clinical requirements in person. It's also important to note that the APA does not accredit online-only programs.

Why get a doctorate in psychology?

Professionals in all states must hold either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. to obtain licensure and practice as a psychologist. A doctorate in psychology prepares candidates for clinical practice and more advanced roles in the field. Those with a Ph.D. also tend to earn more than those with a master's degree.

How competitive are Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs?

Doctoral programs in psychology tend to have high admissions standards, making them very competitive. On-campus programs may be even harder to get into, as they sometimes offer competitive funding and assistantship positions. Applicants should demonstrate a strong academic record with a high GPA.

What's the difference between a Ph.D. in psychology vs. a Ph.D. in clinical psychology?

Ph.D. programs in psychology tend to emphasize research and often include more courses in research methods and statistics. Psy.D. programs emphasize clinical practice, and are best suited for individuals seeking more clinical experience.

Recommended Reading

Discover Online Programs by Specialty

Find the psychology program that best fits your career plans and budget.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Doctorate in Psychology?

How long does it take to get a Doctorate in Psychology? That depends on whether you’re looking to earn a PhD or PsyD and whether you want to go full-time or not.

The major differences in time to completion will be whether you’re going part-time or full-time and whether you need to write a dissertation or not.

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What Education is Needed to Become a Psychologist?

Psychologists work closely with individuals to teach them coping skills and provide necessary training to work through mental health issues and other related problems. They often evaluate patients and complete a variety of assessments to give a clear picture of:

• Cognitive Ability
• Intellectual Ability
• Vocational Ability

They are also called upon to diagnose mental health problems. According to Psychology Today , it takes anywhere from four to seven years to complete your Doctorate in Psychology. The time required to complete a traditional or online degree in psychology depends on the educational route you take.

The US Department of Labor Statistics suggests you pursue a doctorate education if you are interested in becoming a psychologist. They go on to explain that you can enter the field with a master’s degree, but to get licensed, you must earn a doctorate. A PhD in this field will usually take longer to complete than a PsyD.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD in Psychology?

There is more than one route to gaining your PhD in Psychology. The typical path does not include a master’s degree.

When you decide that psychology is your field of choice, you can begin applying to universities who offer doctorates in psychology after you have achieved the bachelor’s degree level. A number of universities offer accelerated psychology degree online programs.

If you do decide you want a master’s degree before moving to the next level, make sure the school you enroll also offers the doctorate that you desire. Many schools do not allow you to transfer credits from a mater’s degree from a different school to their doctorate’s degree program.

• A Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD, is a degree that is a degree focused on original research . This degree requires you to take an exam to show you have the skills needed to be effective in this field. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that this degree program calls for courses on statistics and experimental procedures.
• A Doctor of Psychology , or PsyD, is a degree fit for those looking to provide services for people who have psychological needs. Participants in this degree may not prefer the research and teaching path.
• A Doctor of Education or EdD is a degree in education, but it is closely related to the psychology field . Many schools of psychology degrees in the same area as education. With the right qualifications, you can use this degree to allow you to go into the counseling field.
• An Education Specialist Degree, or the EdS, is an opportunity to advance your learning to a higher level without having the time and cost investment needed for the other degrees. This degree can open doors to careers in curriculum and instruction, educational leadership, and school psychology.

Each of these degrees can lead to a lucrative career as a psychologist if you are willing to put in the time and effort it will take.

There is a significant difference between the PsyD and the Ph.D. The Ph.D. requires you to complete a well-researched dissertation and complete a comprehensive exam. This degree is based more on research than clinical areas and can take five to seven years to complete.

The PsyD usually takes four to six years to finish but does not require a dissertation . This degree is more clinical.

Example of PhD Program at Brown University

Brown University has four primary requirements that you must meet before to complete the PhD process.

• You must apply and receive acceptance into the program. Before you apply, make sure you have all the qualifications to be eligible for approval.
• Most people can expect to spend about three full-time years on the academics needed to complete the program. If you have a master’s degree from Brown University, then two full-time years of academics will be required for the doctorate. Brown does not always accept master’s degree credits earned from another school.
• After completing the required course work, students at Brown will advance to candidacy to assess if the student can begin the dissertation process. Brown will expect candidates to pass a final assessment in their field of study before being approved to move forward.
• The last step is writing an original research paper that relates to your field of study. Dissertations can take students one to five years to write. After the dissertation is complete, you can submit it for approval by the Graduate Council.

A PhD can be obtained in any field of study and can help students excel in the career of their choice. All information above comes from Brown University.

Example of PsyD from the University of Colorado Denver

A PsyD program from The University of Colorado Denver helps students meet the standards needed to complete the State Licenses Exam to become state Board Psychologists. To achieve this degree, you must meet the following requirements:

• 75 credit hours of coursework
• Seven credit hours of practice in working in this field
• Six credit hours of training in a workplace environment
• Eight credit hours of internship
• Four capstone project hours

Finally, you will need to pass the School Psychology Praxis exam and a written, comprehensive examination before your program is complete. This information is from the University of Colorado Denver.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Psychology?

A PhD in psychology is one of the most popular postgraduate degrees. Students who are interested in this field should choose one of the graduate programs in psychology with no GRE requirement .

It generally takes four to six years , after gaining your bachelor’s degree, to complete.

The dissertation is part of the degree process that can take the most time for many students.

How Many Years Does It Take to Get a PhD in Psychology if You Go Part-Time?

According to the American Psychology Association , you can earn a PhD in Psychology, even if you need to be a part-time student. The requirements of the program are the same for both full and part-time students, but part-time students may have five to seven years to complete the program.

All schools do not allow part-time students in doctorate programs, so be sure to talk with schools you are interested in before you enroll. The required internship for a PhD is one of the difficulties that a part-time student could face. The availability of a part-time internship is not as high as the demand.

The Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers have hundreds of internships but only 17 part-time placements .

How Much Does a Psychologist Make?

There are many types of careers available for those who have a PhD in Psychology. You can find work in places such as schools, hospitals, and Mental Health Facilities.

See the table below for some examples of careers and salary expectations for someone with a PhD in Psychology.

These careers are only a small example of the many occupations offered in this field. All information in this table comes from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics .

How Long Does It Take to Earn a PhD in Psychology?

Gaining a PhD in Psychology can take a full-time student 4-6 years to complete the program. If you go to school part-time, you can complete the program in 5-7 years.

The length to get a bachelor’s degree in psychology or any other specialization is typically four years and is a requirement in order to be considered for a PhD program.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Doctoral Degree?

The process for most doctoral degrees in any field is very similar. You should complete all academic course work for your area of study and a dissertation.

The process usually takes 4-6 years to complete, but it will depend on your specific program and personal situation.

Accreditation for an Online Psychology Doctorate Degree

College accreditation is essential to consider when choosing the program best for you. Being accredited shows a school’s doctoral, internship, or postdoctoral residency programs that can provide a high standard of education values.

There are several regional accreditations available for an entire school as well as programmatic accreditation for a Psychology programs. The most well-known programmatic accreditor is the American Psychological Association.

American Psychological Association

When you graduate from an APA accredited school , you should have the skills you need for a career in psychology. You should learn to provide evidence-based clinical service that can help you to better serve in your community with mental health-related issues and much more.

Many facilities in the US required potential applicants to have a degree from an APA accredited program.

Regional Accreditation

Each of the 6 regional bodies accredits schools by reviewing quality assurance and institutional improvement.

They will require the schools to do self-studies and then complete comprehensive evaluations and close monitoring to help the school keep high standards and expectations.

Financial Aid for a Doctoral Degree in Psychology

Federal financial aid can provide grants and low-interest loans. Many graduate and postsecondary schools offer scholarships and grants for all levels of education. Eligibility will depend on a student’s financial need, accomplishments, community service. Often, new students are given priority for scholarship opportunities.

There are many other ways to help fund your education. You must be willing to apply and provide all the necessary paperwork to qualify for aid. Here are some places to look to help get assistance in paying for your Doctoral Degree in Psychology.

• The National Science Foundation
• The American Psychological Association
• The American Psychological Association of Graduate Students
• The American Psychological Foundation
• The International Honor Society for Psychology, Psi Chi

There are often other types of financial aid. You should talk to your school, community agencies, and your current employer to find out more.

Is a PhD in Psychology Worth It? What About a PsyD?

Yes, a PhD in Psychology can be worth it for many students. The same goes for a PsyD. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, life, physical, and social science jobs are set to grow at 5% over the next 10 years, faster than the average for all occupations. Common careers in this field include psychology professor, clinical psychologist, marriage and family therapist, and developmental psychologist.

If you are interested in bettering your career in psychology, gaining more knowledge in your field of study, then a doctorate is worth your efforts. A PhD and a PsyD can help you to become an expert in your area.

Higher education can open many doors for you in your future endeavors and can help you started in the career you have been wanting.

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How Long Does it Take to Get a Psychology PhD?

Obtaining a PhD in psychology comes with a number of benefits, from the freedom to start your private practice to the chance to dive deep into research.

But if you’re charting out the next steps of your academic journey, the big question is, “How long does a PhD in psychology take?”

Ultimately, the psychology PhD timeline it depends on the specific psychology graduate program and a handful of other factors, but you can expect to be in school anywhere from five to seven years. 1,2 This timeline includes graduate study coursework, clinical training, and in-depth research where current students can specialize in research methods or clinical science based on their research interests. Let’s break down the timeline together and explore why earning a doctorate in psychology may be well worth the commitment. 

Get Your PhD in Psychology Degree

Psychology PhD Program Overview

A doctorate of philosophy in psychology is a terminal degree that helps prepare graduates for a range of professional pathways. It’s often seen as an ideal choice for students who hope to gain teaching experience or produce fresh insights through scientific research. 3 PhDs in psychology may also earn their licensure and work directly with clients in clinical settings, such as a mental health clinic or a private practice.

In graduate school, students are often guided by a faculty member in their psychology department to gain the needed research experience throughout the program. PhD in psychology programs may vary from institution to institution. Yet, they’re typically broken down into four primary categories:

• Methods and statistics
• Assessment and treatment of mental health conditions
• Research – Research is an integral component of PhD in psychology programs. Throughout your program, you may fine-tune your ability to gather information, perform interviews, work with participants of your selected study (or studies), gather and evaluate data, conduct literature reviews, and present results.
• Clinical practice and research – The knowledge and skills you obtain through coursework and research are taken from theory into practice through supervised training and/or a doctoral internship. Depending on the school, you may also have the opportunity for teaching assistantships.
• Dissertation – Your dissertation and dissertation defense are the key to the completion of your PhD and a culmination of your academic coursework, research, and hands-on training. While some may compare a dissertation to a thesis, dissertations are much more substantial in scope and typically come in between 100 and 300 pages. 7 If you’re unsure about your focus, we have the top 10 clinical psychology research topics to explore for your dissertation.

Stages of the PhD Program

The phases of a PhD in psychology also range from school to school. Graduate students can expect the following:

• Comprehensive exams
• Research proposal
• Dissertation research
• Dissertation defense

Does this mean you’ll manage each of these one at a time? Not necessarily. You might attend a morning lecture, teach for an hour, see a patient for an intake assessment, and spend your evening working on your dissertation.

Factors Affecting the Duration of a PhD in Psychology

Several factors may influence your particular answer to “How long does a PhD in psychology take?” These may include:

• Part-time vs. full-time status
• Job obligations
• Family obligations
• Domestic circumstances
• Extenuating circumstances that occur during your program
• Area of specialization

The duration of your graduate program may also be contingent upon the strength of your relationship with your mentor/doctoral advisor and, importantly, what you bring to the program, such as time management skills, motivation, and momentum. 8

The Role of Internships and Practical Experience

Internships and clinical practicums are crucial to gaining the skills and confidence required to transition from your doctoral program into the “real” world.

The type of hands-on experience you gain—and where it will occur—will depend on your program and discipline, but PhD in psychology students usually observe a licensed clinical psychologist in action or work directly with clients or groups of clients. In both scenarios, you typically have the opportunity to ask questions and request feedback. 9

Where do these internships and practicums take place? In a range of settings, such as:

• Rehabilitation centers
• Substance abuse facilities
• Private practices
• Correctional facilities

The PhD in Clinical Psychology program at Alliant International University, for example, pairs doctoral candidates with clinical practicum opportunities within the community to further your professional development.

As mentioned, a PhD in psychology usually takes between five and seven years, plus, in most cases, a one-year internship. Bear in mind, however, that the factors noted above could potentially delay completion.

5 Tips for Staying on Track

There are several ways to remain on track throughout your graduate studies: 10

• Establish regular meetings with your mentor/dissertation advisor to evaluate your progress
• Set firm deadlines
• Select a manageable research topic
• Work at building a support system, inside and outside of your program
• Decompress with regular breaks, whether that means exercise, a staycation, or a quick weekend away

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), studies suggest that picturing the completion of your PhD and your future success can boost your motivation. Getting a PhD in psychology is no easy feat, but you are making a difference in the lives of others.

How We Support Our PhD Students

Alliant International University is intent on ensuring students receive the support they need to thrive throughout their academic journeys. We offer a number of resources to nourish your well-being, including libraries, labs, and online databases. Add an encouraging faculty to the list, and you can rest assured that we’ll help you stay on track.

Elevate Your Academic Career at Alliant International University

“How long does it take to get a psychology PhD” is case by case, much in the way your clients may be in the future. Completing a doctoral admission process and securing a spot as a graduate student in a reputable program may be challenging, especially in fields like psychological science. But once admitted, you can benefit from an enriching environment shaped by good training and mentorship. However long it takes is incomparable to what you may gain from your program, from in-depth knowledge of the brain to the finest research techniques.

Alliant International University nurtures these very things. We offer two doctoral degrees in Psychology: a PsyD and a PhD in Clinical Psychology . Both come equipped with attributes that can help students flourish—during their PhD degree programs and after.

Imagine your future in psychology by exploring our doctoral programs today.

• Kendra Cherry, MSEd. “Different Timelines for Doctorate-Degree Options in Psychology.” Verywell Mind, November 7, 2023. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-a-phd-in-psychology-2795131.  
• “Home.” Alliant Intl University. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://www.alliant.edu/psychology/clinical-psychology/phd.  
• “Doctoral Degrees in Psychology: How Are They Different, or Not so Different?” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2016/01/doctoral-degrees .
• “Psychology Doctorate Phd Defined: Explore Academic, Internship and Research Requirements for a Psychology Phd.” Psychologist, March 24, 2021. https://www.psychologist-license.com/types-of-psychologists/psychologist-doctorate-phd/.  
• “Best Doctorate in Psychology (Ph.D.. and Psy.D.).” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, April 12, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/degrees/phd/.  
• “Daily Activities of a Clinical Psychology Phd Student.” Simply Mental Health, November 13, 2022. https://simplymentalhealth.ca/2022/11/13/daily-activities-of-a-clinical-psychology-phd-student/.  
• "How Long Is a Dissertation? Here’s the Average Length.” Dissertation Team. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://us.dissertationteam.com/blog/how-long-is-a-dissertation/.&nbsp ;
• Young, Sonia N, William R Vanwye, Mark A Schafer, Troy A Robertson, and Ashley Vincent Poore. “Factors Affecting Phd Student Success.” International journal of exercise science, January 1, 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6355122/.  
• “Internships and Practicums.” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, April 10, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/resources/internships-and-practicums/.  
• “Revive Your Drive--Six Empirically Supported Techniques for Getting Excited about Grad School Again.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 20, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2008/09/grad-school.&nbsp ;

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How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD in Psychology?

Find your degree

On average, earning a Doctor of Philosophy or Ph.D. in any field takes about eight years. That’s twice what it takes to earn a bachelor’s degree. But that doesn’t mean a doctorate degree takes everyone that long. Many factors contribute to the time it takes someone to earn a doctoral degree. Such factors include the field you choose, areas of specialization, transfer credits, or even career and family obligations. 

Many colleges and universities also offer flexible learning options. Students can tailor these psychology programs based on their needs and goals. This can also affect the time it takes to earn your doctorate degree. Additionally, online accelerated degree options are available. These remote programs help you to graduate sooner, even taking years off your projected time for graduation.

On the other hand, some online schools offer part-time programs that can be completed at a slower pace . Many students have demanding schedules and outside obligations. These flexible doctorate degree programs can help them stretch their time more efficiently. 

The circumstances for every student are different. So it is hard to offer a perfect answer to the question, “‘How long does is a PhD in psychology?” Some students take eight to ten years to earn a doctorate degree. For others, it can take significantly less. It all boils down to the decisions you make concerning your education. 

See also: 30 Best Online Ph.D. in Psychology

Table of Contents

How Long Does a Ph.D. in Psychology Take?

Like most doctorate degrees, the time it will take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology can differ dramatically among scholars. This article will discuss the requirements for getting your doctorate degree in psychology. But we’ll also cover projected time frames for certain specializations and programs. After reading, you’ll have a better idea of how much time it might take to earn your Ph.D. in psychology.

Educational Requirements for Earning Psychology Ph.D. Degrees 

The first thing you must do before pursuing your Ph.D. in Psychology is to complete your undergraduate education. This can be either a BA or BS in psychology or a related social science field. Students who attend traditional bachelor’s in psychology programs typically graduate in four years. However, like earning a Ph.D., the time for completion can vary widely. For example, it could take as long as six years for students who choose a part-time degree track. 

Additionally, more schools than ever are offering online bachelor in psychology programs . These programs are highly flexible, allowing students to go at their own pace. If a student needs to take longer than four years and attend part-time, there are numerous programs to accommodate those needs. Of course, with online programs, students can also do the opposite and earn a degree much quicker. 

For example, accelerated online courses condense the usual 16-week classes down to eight weeks. As a result, a fast-track program is likely to be extremely rigorous because you’re covering the same material at twice the pace. In addition, these programs continue through the calendar year instead of being divided into semesters. However, in some cases, accelerated programs allow students to earn their bachelor’s in as little as a year!

Do You Need a Master’s Degree To Get Into a Ph.D. Psychology Program?

Not necessarily. While some schools require students to complete their master’s degree before enrolling in a doctoral program, many do not. A lot of students are surprised to learn they can apply for a Ph.D. in psychology program with just a bachelor’s degree. However, these dual-degree programs are common. They are structured so you will earn enough credits to simultaneously get a master’s and doctoral degree . This type of program can save you money and time since the credits you earn are counted toward two degrees. Of course, earning a master’s degree in psychology first is also an option, depending on your goals.

Does Your Bachelor’s Degree Need To Be in Psychology To Pursue a Doctorate Degree in the Field?

Although it can be helpful to hold a bachelor’s degree (or even a master’s degree) in psychology to pursue your doctorate degree, it’s not always a requirement. Plenty of students pursue a doctoral degree even if their bachelor’s degree or master’s degree is not in psychology. However, depending on your degree, you will likely need to take some prerequisite courses in psychology. These are usually completed before starting your Ph.D. coursework. 

P.h.D, Psy.D, or Ed.D.—What’s The Difference?

The amount of time it takes to earn your doctorate degree in psychology also depends on the field you want to pursue after graduation. While we’re primarily discussing a Ph.D. in Psychology, other options exist. For example, you may wish to pursue an Ed. D. or a Psy.D. instead. How do these doctoral degrees differ? And how long does it take for each of them?

Ph.D. in Psychology

Credits Needed: 90 to 120 credit hours

It takes five to seven years to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology. Research is the focus of the coursework for a Ph.D. program. Students can expect classes in areas like statistics and research methods. These programs usually include at least one year-long internship. And most programs culminate with a dissertation or original research project. Ph.D. in psychology graduates often pursue psychology careers in academia or research-focused positions. 

Possible Careers with a Ph.D. in Psychology: 

• Program Director
• Psychology Professor
• Administrator

EdD in Psychology

Credits Needed: 54 to 64 credit hours

The Doctor of Education (EdD in Psychology) is also an option for those pursuing a psychology career. This degree qualifies graduates for roles in education. For example, if you wanted to pursue a career in school psychology, you might choose the EdD option. EdD programs usually take between three to five years. However, there is one important distinction with an EdD. For many programs, you must first obtain your master’s degree to be considered. An EdD degree in psychology is closely related to an education specialist degree.

Possible Careers with an EdD in Psychology:

• School Principal
• Curriculum & Instruction Specialist
• School Psychologist
• Educational Technology Specialist
• Educational Psychologist

You may also like: Top 20 Online Colleges with the Best PhD in Education or EdD

Psy.D. Degree

Credits Needed: 70 to 114 credit hours

A Psy.D. degree is a terminal degree similar to a Ph.D. However, most Psy.D. programs are practice-focused instead of research-based. Psy.D. programs are for those seeking careers providing psychological services or who would like to open private mental health practices. It takes four to six years to earn a Psy.D. degree. Students in a Psy.D. degree program acquire the skills and training needed to be practitioners in the field. With most Psy.D. programs, a dissertation or thesis is required. 

Possible Careers with a Psy.D. Degree:

• Psychotherapist
• Organizational psychologist
• Private Practice Psychologist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Clinical Psychology Professor

See also: PsyD vs PhD: What Is The Difference?

Can You Get Financial Aid To Purse a Ph.D. Psychology Degree?

Students who pursue research-based Ph.D. degrees can usually qualify for funding. This often includes research and teaching internships. Grants for Doctor of Philosophy programs are the most plentiful. 

However, there are still lots of opportunities for financial aid, no matter which educational path you choose. Assistance may include tuition tax credits, grants, and other awards. Some possible sources to help you fund your doctorate degree in psychology degree include:

Your College or University

Most colleges offer some scholarship opportunities, especially for new students. Amounts will vary and may be based on merit, financial need, and other factors. 

The Federal Government

The Federal Government has many sources of funding for education. Those applicable to PhD programs in psychology include:

• NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program
• NIH National Research Service Awards Grants and Fellowships
• The National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
• Tac Deductions and Tax Credits

Psychological Organizations in Your State

Most state psychological associations offer grants and scholarships to help graduate students. Usually, you need to be a member to be eligible. Amounts and requirements vary by organization. 

The American Psychological Association Scholarships

The APA sponsors several scholarships, grants, and awards ranging from $1,000 and $5,000. They also have a Minority Fellowship Program. This program provides financial support to students studying ethnic minority behavioral health.

The American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) 

APAGS is the student branch of the APA. They offer several grants, scholarships, and awards. These can be based on merit, independent research, leadership experience, and more. 

The American Psychological Foundation

The APF provides several fellowships, dissertation awards, grants, and scholarships. They range from $ 300 to $25,000 with varying requirements.

Psi Chi is the international honor society for psychology. Each year, the organization sponsors several grants and competitions. These are designed to help fund education for graduate students.

How Long Does it Take to Get a Ph.D. in Psychology With a Concentration?

Concentrations are also called specializations or areas of emphasis. They are subfields within a degree field. They allow students to get more specialized training in an area of interest. There are many such specializations in Ph.D. programs. Does it mean your program will take longer than the average five to seven years to complete?

Not necessarily. Concentrations may require you to take a few more courses, and you may earn extra credits. But they usually won’t lengthen the time it takes to earn your degree by a significant amount.

Doctoral students can pursue several areas of emphasis, depending on what the school offers. Common specializations include:

• Behavioral Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Sports Psychology
• Quantitative and Measurement Psychology
• Child Psychology
• Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Forensic Psychology 

W hy Does It Take So Long To Get a Ph.D. in Psychology?

In years past, it was common to work on a terminal degree for about five years. Today’s students, however, can expect to study for up to eight years to earn their Ph.D. Modern scholars have more demands on them than ever. Often, doctoral students attend class while working full-time and raising a family.

In the first two to three years, students in a doctoral program will usually take required courses. Classes with a strong emphasis on research can be very time-consuming. Often, students are also working as research or teaching assistants. Additionally, Ph.D. programs often require residencies and internships. Many of these experiences are in clinical practice.

After completing the required coursework and electives for the graduate program, it’s on to the next phase. This is when doctoral students must pass an exhaustive exam. This ensures they have mastered the academic criteria. Studying for and taking this examination can take several months. 

Finally, Ph.D. students move on to the research and dissertation part of the program. Depending on the area of emphasis, this phase can take up to three years. Additionally, doctoral students are usually expected to have their work published in journals as part of the Ph.D. process.

Does It Take Less Time To Get an Online Ph.D. In Psychology?

When considering the question, “how long does it take to get a doctorate in psychology?” many people forget about remote programs. Online Ph.D. in Psychology programs are typically identical to those taught on campus. Therefore, they will have similar requirements in terms of coursework, exams, and dissertations. However, although students may still need to practice in clinical settings, they tend to be more flexible.

Many schools offer accelerated doctorate degree programs. Depending on the circumstances, you might be able to graduate faster than fellow students taking the on-campus version of the program. For example, a few online Ph.D. programs offer a cohort model. All students start at the same time and complete the program as a group. 

Other programs are presented in an asynchronous format. This format allows students to enroll anytime and go at their own pace. With asynchronous courses, students can proceed through the learning materials as quickly as they like. This may allow them to complete their doctoral degrees sooner. 

The primary benefit of an online asynchronous program is flexibility. Students have greater control over their time. If you have the time and ability to study at a rapid pace, you can reduce the time it takes to get your Ph.D. in psychology.

However, most students have ongoing work and family obligations. These commitments can prevent them from attending college full-time. How long will it take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology for part-time students? This depends on the time it takes to master the materials before moving on to the next phase of a program. 

You may also like Top Online Ph.D. Programs in Psychology

Final Thoughts on the Time It Takes To Earn a Ph.D. in Psychology

Whether it takes five years or an entire decade, earning a Ph.D. in Psychology is an incredible achievement. Additionally, admission to doctoral psychology programs is highly competitive. So being chosen as a candidate is also quite an accomplishment. It demonstrates you have the academic potential to succeed. 

These programs are rigorous and require a great deal of time and commitment. However, those who earn a doctoral degree will be prepared to practice psychology in advanced (and higher-paying) roles in the field.

How many years is phd for psychology?

How Many Years is a PhD for Psychology?

Are you considering pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology? If so, you’re likely wondering how many years it will take to complete. The answer is not straightforward, as the duration of a PhD program in Psychology can vary significantly depending on several factors. In this article, we’ll explore the typical duration of a PhD program in Psychology, the requirements, and the possible variations.

Typical Duration of a PhD Program in Psychology

A PhD program in Psychology typically takes around 3-5 years to complete, assuming the student has a master’s degree in Psychology or a related field. However, the actual duration can range from 2 to 7 years , depending on the institution, the student’s background, and the research focus.

Program Structure

A typical PhD program in Psychology is designed to provide students with advanced theoretical knowledge, research skills, and practical experience. The program usually consists of the following components:

• Coursework : This phase typically lasts for 1-2 years , during which students take courses in theoretical foundations, research methods, and statistical analysis.
• Research : This is the core component of the program, which can take 1-3 years , depending on the student’s research focus and the complexity of the project. Students work under the guidance of a faculty advisor to design, conduct, and analyze an original research project.
• Dissertation : The final stage of the program, which typically takes 1-2 years , involves the completion of an original research dissertation that contributes to the field of Psychology.

Factors Affecting the Duration of a PhD Program in Psychology

Several factors can influence the duration of a PhD program in Psychology, including:

• Background and Preparation : Students with a strong research background or a master’s degree in Psychology may be able to complete the program more quickly, while those with a non-research-focused master’s degree or a bachelor’s degree may need more time.
• Research Focus : The complexity and scope of the research project can significantly impact the duration of the program. Theses that require more extensive literature reviews, data collection, or methodological development may take longer to complete.
• Faculty Advisor and Committee : The availability and guidance provided by the faculty advisor and dissertation committee can also affect the program’s duration.
• Funding and Resource Availability : The availability of funding, scholarships, and research resources can influence the student’s ability to complete the program within a certain timeframe.

Possible Variations

While the typical duration of a PhD program in Psychology is 3-5 years, there are some variations to consider:

• Accelerated Programs : Some institutions offer accelerated programs that can be completed in 1.5-2.5 years , usually for students with a strong research background or those who have already completed a master’s degree in Psychology.
• Part-time Programs : Students who need to balance their studies with work or other responsibilities may opt for part-time programs, which can take 5-7 years to complete.
• Online and Hybrid Programs : With the rise of online and hybrid education, some institutions now offer PhD programs in Psychology that can be completed online or through a combination of online and on-campus coursework. This can be beneficial for those who need more flexibility or have scheduling constraints.

Pursuing a PhD in Psychology requires a significant commitment of time, effort, and resources. While the typical duration of the program is 3-5 years, the actual time to completion can vary depending on individual factors. It’s essential to research the program’s structure, faculty expertise, and available resources to ensure the best possible outcome. If you’re considering a PhD in Psychology, careful planning and preparation can help you achieve your goals and successfully complete this challenging and rewarding education.

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