phd in intellectual property law in europe

Best Intellectual Property (IP/Patent Law) Schools in Europe

Updated: February 29, 2024

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Below is a list of best universities in Europe ranked based on their research performance in Intellectual Property and Patent Law. A graph of 181K citations received by 15K academic papers made by 172 universities in Europe was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. University of Oxford

For Intellectual Property and Patent Law

2. Catholic University of Leuven

3. Queen Mary University of London

4. University of Cambridge

5. London School of Economics and Political Science

6. University of Nottingham

7. University College London

8. Maastricht University

9. King's College London

10. Technical University of Munich

11. Erasmus University Rotterdam

12. University of Amsterdam

13. Dublin Institute of Technology

14. University of Bologna

15. Utrecht University

16. University of St. Gallen

17. University of Helsinki

18. Carlos III University, Madrid

19. University of Sussex

20. University of Copenhagen

21. Copenhagen Business School

22. University of Zurich

23. University of Manchester

24. University of Glasgow

25. University of Strasbourg

26. University of London

27. University of Munich

28. Lund University

29. Imperial College London

30. Eindhoven University of Technology

31. University of Turin

32. University of Edinburgh

33. Bocconi University

34. Chalmers University of Technology

35. Tilburg University

36. University of Bristol

37. WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management

38. Free University of Brussels

39. Free University Amsterdam

40. Pompeu Fabra University

41. Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main

42. University of Leeds

43. University of Warwick

44. LUISS University

45. University of Groningen

46. Loughborough University

47. Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies

48. University of Oslo

49. Catholic University of Louvain

50. Lancaster University

51. Bournemouth University

52. Aston University

53. Lappeenranta University of Technology

54. University of Bern

55. Free University of Brussels - VUB

56. Newcastle University

57. University of Leicester

58. University of Exeter

59. University of Turku

60. Ghent University

61. University of Southampton

62. City, University of London

63. University of Geneva

64. Brunel University London

65. University of Florence

66. Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne

67. London Business School

68. University of Sheffield

69. Humboldt University of Berlin

70. Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin

71. University of Essex

72. National Research University Higher School of Economics

73. Athens University of Economics and Business

74. University of Zagreb

75. Polytechnic University of Bari

76. Northumbria University

77. National Graduate School of Engineering, Paris

78. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich

79. University of Milan

80. Wageningen University

81. University of Twente

82. Stockholm University

83. Polytechnic University of Turin

84. University of Hertfordshire

85. Technical University of Berlin

86. University of Bremen

87. University of Reading

88. University of Vienna

89. University of Surrey

90. University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne

91. Durham University

92. Delft University of Technology

93. University of Gottingen

94. University of Eastern Piedmont

95. University of Coimbra

96. Cardiff University

97. University of Siena

98. Birkbeck, University of London

99. Charles University

100. University of Granada

Liberal Arts & Social Sciences subfields in Europe

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• BBC v Wireless League Magazine [1926] Ch. 433
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• Byrne v Statist [1914] 1 KB 622
• Cala Homes v McAlpine [1995] FSR 818
• Cramp & Sons Ltd v Frank Smythson Ltd [1944] AC 329
• Creation Records v News Group Newspapers [1997] EMLR 444
• Dean's Rag Book Co v Pomerantz [1930] RPC 485
• Designers Guild v Russell Williams [2001] FSR 113
• Eno v Dunn [1890] 7 RPC 311
• Express Newspapers v Liverpool Daily Post [1985] 3 All ER 680
• Ferrier v Robert Hale Ltd, The Times, Sept. 1955
• Football League Ltd v Littlewoods Pools Ltd [1959] 1 Ch 637
• Francis Day Hunter v Bron [1963] 1 Ch 587
• Green v Broadcasting Corp. Of NZ [1989] 2 All ER 1056
• Hanfstaengl v WH Smith & Sons: MacGillivray 1905-1910 pp. 8-9
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• Lawrence & Bullen Ltd v Aflalo [1902] 1 Ch. 264; [1903] 1 Ch. 318; [1904] A.C 17
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• Merchant Adventures Limited v M. Grew [1983] FSR 32
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Applying to do Postgraduate Research at Cambridge

To find out more about researching at Cambridge see the Faculty of Law website .

Current Researchers

Tim Cochrane Alexander Ferguson Ricki-Lee Gerbrandt Ann Kristin Glenster Laura Hannan Milhan Mohamed James Parish

Former Researchers

Oliver butler :  information law in an era of public services commissioning: the implications for privacy, confidentiality and data protection, yin harn lee : copyright issues surrounding videogame modifications..

Yin Harn Lee completed her undergraduate education at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, obtaining an LL.B. (Hons) (with Distinction). She was admitted to the Bar as an Advocate and Solicitor of the High Court of Malaya in the following year, and worked as a research assistant and a tutor at the University of Malaya before graduating from the University of Cambridge with an LL.M. Her thesis related to questions of copyright in video-games and the implications for user-generated "Mods". Yin Harn is now a lecturer at the University of Sheffield

Julia Powles : The Inventive Concept and the Structure of Patent Law.

Julia’s research focussed on the role of the ‘inventive concept’ in construing inventions and determining patent scope in the United Kingdom, with comparative reference to the European patent system. Her studies were supported by a Cambridge Poynton Australia Scholarship. Julia has first class honours degrees in law and science from the University of Western Australia and the Australian National University, as well as a Bachelor of Civil Law (master’s degree) from the University of Oxford. She has clerked in the Federal Court of Australia and the Commonwealth Administrative Appeals Tribunal and practised in the information technology and intellectual property department of Minter Ellison in Sydney, while also lecturing at the University of New South Wales. Before commencing her PhD, Julia worked in the Office of the Director General at the World Intellectual Property Organization, where her work covered all aspects of intellectual property. Julia is now a researcher at Cornell Tech.

Nigel Stone:  An Empirical Analysis of the Fairness and Certainty of US and European Software Patentability

Sharon Le Gall : Reclaiming Collective Knowledge

Sharon's research explored  the ways in which issues of intellectual property, cultural property, and cultural and national identity converge in the discourse surrounding the protection of traditional knowledge. The steel pan, which is a musical instrument invented in Trinidad circa 1930 (and declared the national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago), provided the focal point of the research, with references made to the developments regarding the protection of traditional knowledge associated with the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The thesis also developed a theoretical framework for defining traditional knowledge and the collective knowledge associated with the invention and development of the steel pan. Any definition in relation to the steel pan must transcend its technical features and encompass its symbolism as a form of cultural and national identity. Features of a national regime of protection for the collective knowledge associated with the steel pan were also proposed as well as ways in which international protection may be achieved via WIPO's initiatives to develop international protection measures for traditional knowledge. Sharon now teaches at the University of the West Indies. Her PhD was converted into a book.

Chikosa Banda: Patents and Promotion of Biomedical Research into Diseases Prevalent in Developing Countries

Chikosa Banda's research for his PhD with the Centre was supported by a Wellcome Trust Studentship and was an examination of  the efficacy of intellectual property rights as a policy mechanism to accelerate medical research on neglected diseases. Malawi (Chikosa’s country of origin) provided a case study for the research. He was jointly supervised by Professor Bently and Dr Liddell.Chikosa has a background that prepared him well for this research. He worked as an Assistant Lecturer in Law in the University of Malawi: Chancellor College, and was appointed to Malawi National Experts Working Group on Access and Benefit Sharing under the Southern African Development Community Biodiversity Support Programme. With Robert Lewis-Lettington, he wrote “A Survey of Policy and Practice on the Use of Access to Medicines –TRIPS Related Flexibilities in Malawi, DFID Health Systems Resource Centre”.The research funding essential to such a project was provided by the Wellcome Trust’s scheme for research on the Ethics of Biomedical Research in Developing Countries. This enabled Chikosa to be based both in Malawi and the UK, and to visit Switzerland and other countries central to the debates. During his time in Cambridge Chikosa was awarded the status of an Honorary Cambridge Commonwealth Trust Scholar.

Elena Cooper : The Relationship between Art and Law in the History of Photographic Copyright 1850-1911

Elena's research examined the history of artistic copyright law.

Patrick Masiyakurima : The Justifications for Protecting Unpublished Works by Copyright Law

Patrick’s thesis considered the topic of copyright in unpublished works from historical, legal and normative perspectives and it was provoked by criticisms of the strength of protection that is conferred on unpublished works. The thesis raised several key arguments.

• The jurisdictional bases for restraining unauthorised first publication evolved from protecting the manuscript as a chattel to property rights in unpublished expressions and later to breach of confidence and breach of an implied contract not to publish.
• Common law copyright protection was abrogated in 1911 owing to the 1908 Revision of the Berne Convention, dissatisfaction with domestic copyright laws and problems with imperial copyright.
• The unpublished status of a work retains considerable significance in contemporary British copyright law especially in the areas of the exceptions to copyright infringement, the term of copyright protection, the extent of copyright protection and the remedies for copyright infringement.
• Copyright in unpublished works is justified because it would be too costly to differentiate “published” from “unpublished works”. Distinguishing published from unpublished works is especially difficult given the numerous problems surrounding publication on the Internet. Therefore, in general, the protection available to “published” and “unpublished” works ought to be the same
• The range of materials and interests that are encompassed by legal protection of unpublished works suggests that some unpublished works could be protected by the action for breach of confidence, the right to privacy, and the moral right of divulgation.

It was also argued that where appropriate, legal protection of unpublished works ought to be balanced with countervailing public interests including freedom of expression. The appropriate balance between copyright in unpublished works and the public interest can be achieved by interpreting the exceptions to copyright infringement purposively. It is hoped that aspects of the thesis will be published as a series of research articles or a monograph. Patrick’s research was very generously funded by the University of Cambridge through a Domestic Research Scholarship. Patrick is a lecturer in law at the University of Aberdeen.

Sun Thathong: Searching for Harmony in an Age of Fragmentation: A Critical Reappraisal of the Protection of Traditional Knowledge under International Law

Sun was an Cambridge Overseas Trust Scholar and a recipient of the Underwood Scholarship from Trinity Hall. His research explores the protection of traditional knowledge under international law, focusing on the interaction among four relevant international legal regimes, namely international intellectual property law, international environmental law, international cultural heritage law and international human rights law. It scrutinises the fragmentation of international law in this field, looking particularly at the diverse ways “traditional knowledge” is being conceptualised under different regimes and the effects this may have on the protection of traditional knowledge under international law as a whole. Sun holds an LL.B. from Durham University and an LL.M. (International Law) from the University of Cambridge. Before commencing his PhD, he worked as a Second Secretary at the Department of Treaties and Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Thailand, where he was part of the legal team giving international legal advice to the Royal Thai Government on issues relating to crime prevention and criminal justice.

Petroula Vantsiouri : A Comparative Stand Towards the Intended and Unintended Consequences of Anticircumvention Regulation and Technological Protection Measures in the European Union and in the United States

Petroula's research interests lie in intellectual property law and information law. Her doctoral thesis takes a comparative stand towards the intended and unintended consequences of anticircumvention regulation in the European Union and in the United States, as they are applied in different sectors, namely broadcasting, software and other copyright works. She holds an LL.M. from Harvard Law School, a Postgraduate Specialization Diploma and a law degree from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Petroula has also worked as a practicing lawyer, a trainee for the Office of Harmonization in the Internal Market and as a research assistant. She is a licensed member of the New York State Bar Association (US) as well as of the Thessaloniki Bar Association (Greece).

Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law (CIPIL) The Faculty of Law 10 West Road Cambridge CB3 9DZ United Kingdom

Telephone: +44 1223 330047 Email: [email protected]

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Research subject Intellectual Property Law

Intellectual property law is that area of the law that regulates the economic and moral rights to vesting in intellectual achievements such as designs, literature, arts, brands and inventions. The subject is divided into four main different areas: designs, copyright, trademarks, and patents.

Intellectual property law is special because what is protected is not always something that can be seen or touched, i.e. it deals with rights that affect something that is often immaterial. An intellectual property right means that its holder has the exclusive right to exploit the product. This includes both rights that protect intellectual achievements, i.e. copyright, patents, plant variety, and design rights, and those that are considered to be sign rights, i.e. mainly trademarks and business names. These rights are largely governed by international conventions, to which most countries have acceded.

As a field of law, intellectual property law is extremely important for both businesses and society. Not only do companies devote considerable resources to defending and building value around their ideas or trademarks, but government attention to the values represented by intellectual property rights has increased significantly in recent years. The importance of intellectual property rights is now central - both to fostering innovation and to the advancement of the market economy and society's economic growth.

Related research subject

On this page

Researchers

Frantzeska Papadopoulou Skarp

Eleonora Rosati

Jonas Nordell

Professor i civilrätt

Marianne Levin

Isa Böttiger

Claes Granmar

Universitetslektor, docent

Lydia Lundstedt

In this project, all aspects of the EU data protection regime are explored in the context of electronic commerce.

The overall aims of this study are to consider and analyse the legal coordination between company names and trade marks, and to examine the extent to which this complies with the EU harmonized trade mark law.

Interdisciplinary project studying the conditions for women working in the Swedish film industry, funded by Riksbankens jubileumsfond.

Courses and programmes

Doctoral studies.

If you want to further immerse yourself in legal science, and in particular within the field of Intellectual Property Law, apply for doctoral studies at the Department of Law. We offer a dynamic environment with research of the highest class and of strong international character.

Read more about doctoral studies at SU Law

IPKat Copyright Book of the Year 2023 award to Eleonora Rosati

Eleonora Rosati, Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Stockholm University, published her book "Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union" in the autumn of 2023. It has now been named the best book of the year on the subject of copyright by the international IPKat.

Frantzeska Papadopoulou is new Affiliated Professor at PMCK

Frantzeska Papadopoulou, a Professor of intellectual property law at Stockholm University, has been appointed Affiliated Professor at the Precision Medicine Center Karolinska (PMCK) – a collaboration between Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute.

Research Study on Intellectual Property Rights in the Metaverse

The United Nations agency WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) has recently published a new research study under their initiative "Building Respect for IP." Behind the study is Eleonora Rosati, a professor of intellectual property law at Stockholm University.

New Chairman of the IFIM Board

Frantzeska Papadopoulou has been appointed as the new Chair of the Board of the Institute of Intellectual Property and Market Law

Professor of IP Law among the best in social media

The Mike Young Academy has listed the top 100 researchers in Sweden based on their visibility in social media in 2022. At #4, we find Eleonora Rosati, Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Stockholm University.

Adepi Award 2022 to Eleonora Rosati

Every year, the Spanish association Adepi recognises individuals who have done outstanding work in the defence and development of intellectual property rights. This year, the award goes to Eleonora Rosati, Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Stockholm University.

IPKat Copyright Book of the Year 2021 award to Eleonora Rosati

Professor Eleonora Rosati gets an award for her book "Copyright in the Digital Single Market".

Departments and centres

Centres and other units.

Founded in 1956, Institute for Intellectual Property and Market Law (IFIM) is based at the Faculty of Law of Stockholm University. IFIM’s core mission is to promote research and education in the fields of intellectual property law and market law. To this end, IFIM undertakes several activities, including organizing events, maintaining and developing a special Library, and promoting knowledge of and research in the fields of intellectual property and market law.

Institute for Intellectual Property and Market Law

The Stockholm University Intellectual Property Law Review (SIPLR) is a student-led journal of legal scholarship with a focus on European Intellectual Property Law. The primary purpose of SIPLR is to create an academic legal forum where the most influential and significant topics of IP law are discussed by students, scholars and lawyers.

The Editorial Board comprises of students and the programme directors of the Master’s Programme ‘European Intellectual Property Law’ from Stockholm University. Students are selected in the first semester of the course.

Stockholm University Intellectual Property Law Review

Departments

By offering a wide range of academic programmes in law bringing together researchers, teachers and students from different horizons, the Department of Law at Stockholm University creates strong and stimulating educational and research environments of the highest class.

Institute of Brand and Innovation Law

The Institute of Brand and Innovation Law acts a focal point for the study of IP Law at UCL. Co-directors teach at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and supervise PhD researchers.

Studying and Researching IP Law 

Intellectual property law has long been a popular subject at UCL Laws. The taught IP modules are led by IBIL's co-directors, Professor Ilanah Fhima, Dr Matt Fisher and Dr Alina Trapova.

Undergraduate (LLB)

As an undergraduate at UCL Laws, you'll be encouraged to develop a critical understanding of how the law works and how it can be changed. Intellectual Property Law is offered as a final year 30 credit module. Over the course of the module, you'll examine the law which governs the main IP rights, including patents, trade marks, copyright and trade secrets, and become acquainted with key principles and policy issues. Find out more information about undergraduate study here , and the IP Law module here .

Graduate (LLM)

On the Master of Laws (LLM) programme at UCL Laws, you’ll be joining a community of some of the brightest and most ambitious graduate students from all over the world. The LLM Programme includes a specialism in Intellectual Property Law .  Click here  for further details of entry requirements, scholarships, and how to apply for the UCL LLM (including the flexible LLM). Students interested in completing the UCL LLM in Intellectual Property may like to contact the Laws Graduate Office at  [email protected] .

Find out more about LLM scholarships here .

UCL is one of only a few UK universities to belong to the prestigious Pan-European Seal (PES) Professional Traineeship Programme   – a partnership with Europe’s leading Intellectual Property (IP) organisations: the  European Patent Office  (EPO) and the  EU Intellectual Property Office  (EUIPO).

Students who have completed the IP Law LLM at UCL are eligible to apply for a 12-month paid traineeship at either the EUIPO or the EPO after they graduate. Those selected to take part in the scheme will follow a tailored development programme, while also gaining on-the-job training by office staff, and having access to other training and language courses. This provides invaluable professional work experience in a multi-cultural environment, and bridges the gap between university and the competitive professional world of work in the IP sector. Find out more about the PES Programme here

A PhD at UCL Laws will allow you to pursue original research and make a distinct and significant contribution to your field. Members of the Institute welcome approaches from those interested in conducting PhD research. We have particular expertise in:

• Copyright law
• Trade mark law
• Unfair competition
• Breach of confidence/privacy
• European aspects of intellectual property law
• Comparative intellectual property law
• Intellectual property theory
• The competition/intellectual property interface
• Interdisciplinarity, doctrinal, empirical and comparative methodologies

Find out about current and recent PhD projects here , here  and here . Click here for more information on how to apply to UCL Laws, and email [email protected] with any queries.

Find out more about how you can participate in our IP Research Conference, especially for PhD students here .

The UCL Institute of Brand and Innovation Law  is offering a scholarship in 2024/25. The scholarship will fund one PhD student to undertake research in the field of Intellectual Property, and will provide a stipend of at least £20,622 per year for 3 years. Fees at the Home rate are covered (the scholarship is open to international students as well; if successful, an international student would receive a discount on the international fees equivalent to the value of the Home fees, and would need to cover the difference with their own funds).

The Institute of Brand and Innovation Law would like to thank its sponsors for their generosity, which has made this scholarship possible.

Find out more about the IBIL PhD Conference held in June 2022 here

Undergraduate Admissions Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 8301

Postgraduate Taught Admissions Email: [email protected] Tel:  +44 (0)20 3108 8400

Postgraduate Research Admissions Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 3108 8489

UCL Intellectual Property Society

IBIL is proud to support the student-run  UCL Intellectual Property Society  which is open to all UCL IP students to join. The society organises a range of IP-related events and activities throughout the year. For more information, contact:  [email protected] .

Oxford International IP Moot

Every year, UCL Laws enters a team in the Oxford International IP Moot . This event always attracts a large number of high calibre entries from around the world. The final rounds, - held at the University of Oxford in March - are judged by an impressive panel of specialist IP judges and practitioners.

The Moot always concentrates on a fictional IP issue, covering one or more IP rights, in the courts of Erewhon, a fictional land with its own laws, based on the laws of other jurisdictions. The moot problem is released in October, and the first stage requires a team to submit written submissions in early December. Participation in the final oral rounds in March of the following year is by invitation only, based upon the written submissions. More information about the Moot and its eligibility rules can be found here or on Twitter: @OxIPMoot.

The UCL Moot team is coached by The Rt Hon Professor Sir Robin Jacob and chosen via a competitive selection process. Details of how to apply are circulated via Moodle to undergraduate and postgraduate students taking IP-based subjects, or enquires can be sent to [email protected] . For more details of other mooting activities taking place at UCL Laws, see here .

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Postgraduate Courses in Intellectual Property Law in Europe - 122 Courses

University of aberdeen school of law.

• Business Law and Sustainable Development with Dissertation LLM
• General Law LLM
• International Commercial Law with Dissertation LLM
• International Commercial Law with Professional Skills LLM
• International Dispute Resolution with Dissertation LLM
• International Dispute Resolution with Professional Skills LLM
• International Intellectual Property and Information Law with Dissertation LLM
• International Intellectual Property and Information Law with Professional Skills LLM
• International Law LLM
• International Law with Professional Skills LLM
• International and Comparative Law LLM

University of Aberdeen School of Natural and Computing Sciences

• Chemistry for Sustainable Energy MSc

Aberystwyth University Department of Law and Criminology

• Law Doctor of Philosophy - PhD

Bangor University School of Law

• Law Doctor of Philosophy - PhD Master of Philosophy - MPhil

Birkbeck, University of London Birkbeck Law School

• Law General LLM
• Law with International Intellectual Property LLM

Birkbeck, University of London School of Social Sciences

• Criminal Law and Criminal Justice LLM MA
• Criminology MSc

University of Birmingham Birmingham Law School

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Intellectual property law llm.

Part of: Law and Business and Management

On the Intellectual Property LLM, you will have the opportunity to explore a range of intellectual property areas, issues, and industries. From life sciences, through to music, film, fashion, interactive entertainment, and the creative industries, as well as significant social and global policy, including agriculture, development, animal welfare, and trade. You will be taught by leading scholars and participate in one of most stimulating intellectual property research and teaching environments in the world.

• Internationally recognised staff who are advisers to international organisations such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), the European Patent Office (EPO), the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO) and the European Commission
• High rate of student employment within six months of graduation
• Be a part of Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute (QMIPRI) , which runs regular research discussions, seminars and annual events

Watch a recording of our programme webinar with Professor Johanna Gibson on our YouTube channel here.

Study options

• Full-time September 2024 | 1 year
• Part-time September 2024 | 2 years
• Full-time September 2025 | 1 year

What you'll study

Study intellectual property law to a high level on this reputable LLM in Intellectual Property from Queen Mary. You will be taught by internationally recognised and highly experienced experts across a wide range of specialised topics and areas in one of the biggest Intellectual Property LLM programmes in the world.

Intellectual property law has become an interdisciplinary field comprised of law, engineering, medical science, economics, philosophy, anthropology, cognitive science, and numerous other fields. The Intellectual Property LLM explores this exciting area of law through a range of perspectives, including music, fashion, film, agriculture, medicine and health, animals and welfare, technology and artificial intelligence, and more. Throughout the modules, you will have the opportunity to study the full range of intellectual property rights, including trade marks, patents, designs, copyright and related rights and more.

You will be part of a truly international cohort, with fellow students attending from over 80 countries across the world. You will work with academics and professionals with experiences from different jurisdictions, enriching your class discussions and debates.

You will also get the chance to apply for a 12-month paid traineeship at the OHIM or EPO under the Pan-European Seal Professional Traineeship programme . This invaluable opportunity could help you get a foot in the door of the competitive world of IP through valuable on-the-job, multicultural professional work experience.

We also offer the J.A.L. Sterling Postgraduate Bursary Award of up to £6,000 towards tuition fees for the Intellectual Property Law LLM.

We only allow one application from our range of LLM programmes so please ensure you apply for your main programme of interest. Please note you can request to change programme at offer stage via your MYSIS admissions portal and also request this after enrolment via the School of Law Taught Programme office.

Join the Queen Mary Network  and speak to our community about this programme.

You will need to complete 180 credits in total.

Full year programme:

• 180 credits of taught modules (this can include a 30 credits elective dissertation)

Please see the academic year plan for an idea of the structure of the full-time programme and key periods of assessment.

Postgraduate Open Event

Join us online for our next Postgraduate Open Event on Thursday 24 October 2024 where you can find out more about student life and study at Queen Mary.

View the full list of modules available on this programme .

• You will be assessed by a range of methods combining examinations and coursework which will be fully explained in your student pack available during induction.
• For any elective dissertation, you will undertake self-directed research and writing with the support of an allocated supervisor.

Read our  FAQs for more information about applying to us .

My choice of modules ranged from research-led courses in film and video game law to more practical ones, like IP licensing and commercialisation. Even more interesting was the fact that I could develop my knowledge and commercial acumen both in such specific legal areas mentioned and in IP law in general. — Christos Sakellaropoulos, Intellectual Property Law LLM (2022). Read more testimonials from our alumni and students of the Intellectual Property Law LLM .

You will be taught by a mixture of formal lectures and small group seminars. The seminars are designed to generate informed discussion around set topics, and may involve student presentations and group exercises as well as open discussion.

You will have a team of advisers to support you, including the LLM and Programme Academic Directors, your module convenors and, for an elective dissertation, your dissertation supervisor.

Professor Gillian Davies

DL, PhD (Aberystwyth), Barrister at Law of Lincoln’s Inn, London

Professor Gillian Davies is a well-known and highly respected voice in her field. An accomplished author and lecturer, she is regularly in demand as a speaker at conferences on copyright and European patent matters and to act as a judge in moots.

Dr Gaetano Dimita

Diploma di Laurea in Giurisprudenza (Rome), LLM (London), PhD (London), Avvocato (Italian Bar - Rome)

Dr Dimita’s research focus on the interrelationship among creativity, interactivity and new technologies. He is the editor-in-chief of the Interactive Entertainment Law Review, Edward Elgar, and the organiser of the ‘More than Just a Game’ conference series.

Ms Laura Edgar

LLB (Aberd)

Ms Edgar lectures on AI, Robotics and the Law, Media Law, E-commerce Law, Protection of Computer Software and Taxation and Ecommerce. Her research interests include electronic commerce, taxation, jurisdiction, intellectual property and legal issues affecting virtual enterprises.

Dr Gail Elizabeth Evans

BA (Hons), Dip.Ed., LLB, SJD (University of Sydney)

Dr Evans’s research concerns the impact of economic globalisation on the law of international trade and intellectual property. She is engaged in consultancy and capacity building work, most recently as a member of the UN Economic commission for Europe Team of Specialists on Intellectual Property.

Professor Anne Flanagan

BA, JD, LLM

Professor Flanagan practiced law for 16 years in New York and in the US financial services industry. Her experience includes insurance regulatory compliance, appellate litigation and state government relations for providers of life, health and property/casualty insurance and pension products.

Professor Johanna Gibson

BA (Hons I), MA, PGDipAppSci, JD (Queensland), PhD (Edinburgh), Solicitor and Barrister to the Supreme Court of Victoria

Professor Johanna Gibson is a solicitor and barrister to the Supreme Court of Victoria. She has consulted widely to industry, government, NGOs and practitioners, and has been a visiting professor to institutions around the world. She has published extensively in the fields of intellectual property, critical theory, and animal studies.

Professor Jonathan Griffiths

BA (Oxon) MA

Professor Griffiths’ main research interests are in copyright policy and reform. He has been consulted on copyright policy by a number of public bodies including the UK IPO, SABIP, the European Commission, the Dutch Ministry of Justice and the Japanese Cabinet Secretariat.

Professor Duncan Matthews

BSc (Hons), MA (Warwick), LLM (Exeter), PhD (London)

Professor Matthews is Director of the Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute. He has worked as a researcher at a policy think-tank and as an EU lobbyist. He has acted as an advisor to many international organisations, including the European Patent Office.

Professor Noam Shemtov

Professor Noam Shemtov is a qualified solicitor both in the UK and in Israel. He holds visiting appointments by Spanish and Dutch universities, where he lectures regularly in areas pertaining to intellectual property, creative industries and technology.

Professor Uma Suthersanen

LLB (Hons)[S’pore], LLM [Lond], PhD [Lond], Advocate and Solicitor (Singapore Bar), FRSA

Professor Suthersanen has served as a consultant and given evidence to various UN organisations, governments and legislators, including the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the Governments of Israel and Singapore. She has published widely on the subject of intellectual property law.

Professor Guido Westkamp

Dr jur (University Münster), First and Second German State Examination in Law, LLM (London)

Professor Guido Westkamp is a frequent speaker at international conferences and workshops. He is a widely-published author and has a large number of visiting positions including posts at the Universities of Münster (Germany), Alicante (Spain), Hong Kong, TU Dresden (Germany), Wroclaw (Poland) and Skopje (Macedonia).

Where you'll learn

• Free access to online databases and collections including: LexisNexis, Westlaw, Justis, Eur-lex, Hein-Online and many more
• The Postgraduate School of Law Centre in Lincoln's Inn Fields and the Graduate Centre at Mile End
• Queen Mary’s excellent Law Library and European Documentation Centre
• Access to the University of London’s Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) and the Library at Senate House

Teaching is primarily based at the School of Law's postgraduate centre, the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS), located in   Lincoln's Inn Fields . This area is home to numerous barristers’ chambers and law firms and is a short walk from the Royal Courts of Justice. Our academics and students interact with leading legal professionals, many of whom regularly teach and take part in our seminars and conferences.

Depending on the modules you choose, you may also have classes at the  Mile End Campus   or at one of the Queen Mary central campus locations ( Charterhouse Square   or   West Smithfield ).

Administration for this programme is based at Lincoln's Inn fields.

About the School

The school of law.

The School of Law is part of Queen Mary University of London, a member of both the University of London and the  Russell Group.   The School was ranked 7th in the UK and 32nd in the world by QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023 , and 10th in the UK  and 50th in world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 by subject .

The School of Law has consistently been ranked in the top 10 law schools in the UK for the quality of our research and teaching, and many of our internationally recognised staff act as advisers to governments, industry and NGOs, both nationally and internationally.

The School's central focus is on the role of law and its institutions in contemporary international society. The School of Law is divided into two organisational units: the Department of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS). The School of Law hosts the largest and most diverse LLM programme in the UK.

School of Law

• Tel: +44 (0)20 7882 8223

Career paths

There is a very high rate of employment of our students within six months of graduation. We have specialist career advisers who organise events and assist with finding internship opportunities at UK and international law firms and other employers.

Graduates of this programme have gone on to work as:

• Director General of International Confederation of Authors and Composers Societies.
• IP lawyers in firms such as Quinn Emanuel Urquhart Sullivan LLP, PwC and Windt Le Grand Leeuwenburgh Advocaten.
• in-house counsel for companies such as Diageo and Daimler AG.

After graduating from Queen Mary, you join our network of alumni from over 100 countries , and get access to exclusive benefits and networking opportunities.

Volunteering with qLegal... was a perfect opportunity for me to meet people across my specialism and collaborate to educate the public on legal matters in IP law for business development. The team at qLegal delivered trainings to equip us with the right skills and this has been useful for my professional development. — Azeezat Periola, Intellectual Property Law LLM (2022). Read testimonials from students and alumni on the Intellectual Property Law LLM .

Fees and funding

Full-time study.

September 2024 | 1 year

• Home: £18,850
• Overseas: £29,950 EU/EEA/Swiss students

Conditional deposit

Overseas: £2000 Information about deposits

Part-time study

September 2024 | 2 years

• Home: £9,450
• Overseas: £15,000 EU/EEA/Swiss students

Queen Mary alumni can get a £1000, 10% or 20% discount on their fees depending on the programme of study. Find out more about the Alumni Loyalty Award

There are a number of ways you can fund your postgraduate degree.

School of Law scholarships

The School of Law offers a range of scholarships for Law Masters programmes each year, including the new School of Law Postgraduate Scholarships . Full details are made available on the law funding page from October – November each year.

Other sources of funding

• Scholarships and bursaries
• Postgraduate loans (UK students)
• Country-specific scholarships for international students

Our Advice and Counselling service offers specialist support on financial issues, which you can access as soon as you apply for a place at Queen Mary. Before you apply, you can access our funding guides and advice on managing your money:

• Advice for UK and EU students
• Advice for international students

Entry requirements

Degree requirements.

Law graduates with a 2:2 honours degree who also have other legal qualifications and/or substantial professional legal experience may also qualify.

Other routes

Non-law graduates with a minimum second class honours degree, that have also obtained a Merit (or 60 per cent) in the Common Professional Examination (CPE) or Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL) recognised by the UK professional bodies, may also qualify. Non-law graduates may also be considered on the basis of exceptional professional experience (of at least five years) in a legal area or an area directly related to their programme of study.

Find out more about how to apply for our postgraduate taught courses.

International

Afghanistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Albania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Algeria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome de [subject area]; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; Diplome de Docteur end Pharmacie; or Diplome de Docteur en Medecine from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Angola We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 15 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 13 out of 20

Argentina We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo/ Grado de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Armenia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 87 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: 61 out of 100

Australia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: High Distinction; or First Class with Honours UK 2:1 degree: Distinction; or Upper Second Class with Honours UK 2:2 degree: Credit; or Lower Second Class with Honours

Austria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest.

Azerbaijan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or GPA 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or GPA 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.5 out of 5

Bahamas We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bahrain We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 90 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 80 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 out of 4.0; or 74 out of 100

Bangladesh We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.2 to 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.3 to 2.7 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide. 

Barbados We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from the University of West Indies, Cave Hill or Barbados Community College. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours*; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0** UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours*; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0** UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours*; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0**

*relates to: the University of West Indies, Cave Hill.

**relates to: Barbados Community College.

Belarus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10; or 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 10; or 3.5 out of 5

Belgium We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% or 16/20*; or 78%** UK 2:1 degree: 70% or 14/20*; or 72%** UK 2:2 degree: 60% or 12/20*; or 65%**

*Flanders (Dutch-speaking)/ Wallonia (French-speaking) **German-speaking

Belize We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Benin We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maitrise or Masters from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Bolivia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario or Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%* or 80%** UK 2:1 degree: 75%* or 70%** UK 2:2 degree: 65%* or 60%**

*relates to: Titulo de Bachiller Universitario

**relates to: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] 

Bosnia and Herzegovina We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Botswana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 5 years) or Master Degree from the University of Botswana. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Brazil We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Título de Bacharel / Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado/a (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

The above grades assumes that the grading scale has a pass mark of 5.

Brunei We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Bulgaria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.75 out of 6.0 UK 2:1 degree: 4.75 out of 6.0 UK 2:2 degree: 4.0 out of 6.0

Burundi We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 12 out of 20

Cambodia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.35 out of 4.0

Cameroon We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce; Diplome d'Ingenieur de Conception/ Travaux; Doctorat en Medecine/ Pharmacie; or Maitrise or Master 1 from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Canada We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Chile We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 6.5 out of 7 UK 2:1 degree: 5.5 out of 7 UK 2:2 degree: 5 out of 7

China We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85 to 95% UK 2:1 degree: 75 to 85% UK 2:2 degree: 70 to 80%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  

Colombia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado en [subject area] or Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.60 out of 5.00 UK 2:1 degree: 4.00 out of 5.00 UK 2:2 degree: 3.50 out of 5.00

Congo, Dem. Rep. of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies or Diplome d'Etudes Speciales from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20; or 90% UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20; or 80% UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20; or 70%

Congo, Rep. of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Etudes Superieures or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Costa Rica We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachiller or Licenciado from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Croatia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education Level VII/1 (Diploma - Visoko obrazovanje) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3 out of 5

Cuba We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Arquitecto/ Doctor/ Ingeniero from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Cyprus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Czech Republic We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.2 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 1.5 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4

The above relates to grading scale where 1 is the highest and 4 is the lowest.

Denmark We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 12 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 11 out of 13 (before 2007) UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 8 out of 13 (before 2007) UK 2:2 degree: 4 out of 12 (2007 onwards); or 7 out of 13 (before 2007)

Dominican Republic We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 95/100 UK 2:1 degree: 85/100 UK 2:2 degree: 78/100

Ecuador We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 9/10; or 19/20; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 8/10; or 18/20; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 7/10; or 14/20; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Egypt We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or GPA 2.5 out of 4

El Salvador We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 5 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Eritrea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Estonia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; University Specialist's Diploma; or Professional Higher Education Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2 out of 5

The above grades assumes that 1 is the pass mark. 

Eswatini We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Ethiopia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Fiji We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from one of the following institutions: Fiji National University, the University of Fiji, or the University of South Pacific, Fiji. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0*; or overall grade A with High Distinction pass**; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.5*** UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade B with Credit pass**; or GPA 3.5 out of 4.5*** UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.33 out of 5.0*; or overall grade S (Satisfactory)**; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.5***

*relates to Fiji National University

**relate to the University of Fiji

***relates to the University of South Pacific, Fiji

Finland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree/ Kandidaatti/ Kandidat (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution; or Bachelor degree (Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto/ Yrkeshögskoleexamen) from a recognised University of Applied Sciences. UK 1st class degree: 4.5 out of 5; or 2.8 out of 3 UK 2:1 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or 2 out of 3 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 5; or 1.4 out of 3

France We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Grade de Licence; Diplome d'Ingenieur; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 12 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Gambia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3 UK 2:1 degree: 67%; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or GPA 2.7 out of 4.3

Georgia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 91 out of 100; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 81 out of 100; or 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 71 out of 100; or 3.5 out of 5

Germany We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 1.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 2.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5.0

Ghana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class UK 2:1 degree: Second Class (Upper Division) UK 2:2 degree: Second Class (Lower Division)

Greece We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Degrees from recognised selected institutions in the University sector or Degrees (awarded after 2003) from recognised Technological Educational Institutes. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10*; or 9 out of 10** UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10*; or 7.5 out of 10** UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10*; or 6.8 out of 10**

*Relates to degrees from the University Sector. **Relates to degrees from Technological Educational Institutes.

Grenada We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Guatemala We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 70%

The above grades assumes that the pass mark is 61% or less.

Guinea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Master; Maitrise; Diplome d'Etudes Superieures; or Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Guyana We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Graduate Diploma (Postgraduate) or Masters degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Honduras We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/a / Grado Academico de Licenciatura (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Hong Kong We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours

Hungary We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Alapfokozat) or University Diploma (Egyetemi Oklevel) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.75 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Iceland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (Baccalaureus or Bakkalarprof) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.25 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.25 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

India We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 75% to 80% UK 2:1 degree: 60% to 70% UK 2:2 degree: 50% to 60%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.  For some institutions/degrees we will ask for different grades to above, so this is only a guide.  

For India, offers may be made on the GPA scale.

We do not consider the Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc.) for Masters entry.

Indonesia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Sarjna I (S1) Bachelor Degree or Diploma IV (D4) (minimum 4 years) from selected degree programmes and institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 to 3.8 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 to 2.8 out of 4.0

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from and the degree that you study.

Iran We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 17.5 to 18.5 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 15 to 16 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 13.5 to 14 out of 20

Iraq We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85 out of 100 UK 2:1 degree: 75 out of 100 UK 2:2 degree: 60 out of 100

Ireland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Honours Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Grade I UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Grade II

Israel We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Italy We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Laurea (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 110 out of 110 UK 2:1 degree: 105 out of 110 UK 2:2 degree: 94 out of 110

Cote D’ivoire (Ivory Coast) We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ingenieur; Doctorat en Medicine; Maitrise; Master; Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies; or Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Specialisees from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Jamaica We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from the University of West Indies (UWI) or a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the UWI UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the UWI UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the UWI

Japan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: S overall* or A overall**; or 90%; or GPA 3.70 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: A overall* or B overall**; or 80%; or GPA 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: B overall* or C overall**; or 70%; or GPA 2.3 out of 4.00

*Overall mark is from the grading scale: S, A, B, C (S is highest mark) **Overall mark is from the grading scale: A, B, C, D (A is highest mark)

Jordan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or GPA of 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or GPA of 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70%; or GPA of 2.5 out of 4.0

Kazakhstan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 3.8 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.33 out of 4.0/4.33; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2.67 out of 4.0/4.33; or 3.5 out of 5

Kenya We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: Second Class Honours Upper Division; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: Second Class Honours Lower Division; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Kosovo We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.5 out of 10

Kuwait We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.67 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.67 out of 4.0

Kyrgyzstan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Laos We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Latvia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded after 2002) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

Lebanon We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree; Licence; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or Grade A; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 16 out of 20 (French system) UK 2:1 degree: 80% or Grade B; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or 13 out of 20 (French system) UK 2:2 degree: 70% or Grade C; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0; or 12 out of 20 (French system)

Lesotho We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 5 years total HE study); Masters Degree or Postgraduate Diploma from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Liberia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Libya We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 3.7 out of 4.0 GPA UK 2:1 degree: 75%; or 3.0 out of 4.0 GPA UK 2:2 degree: 65%; or 2.6 out of 4.0 GPA

Liechtenstein We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.6 out of 6.0 UK 2:1 degree: 5.0 out of 6.0 UK 2:2 degree: 4.4 out of 6.0

Lithuania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Luxembourg We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Macau We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Licenciatura) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Macedonia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Higher Education - Level VII/1 or Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Madagascar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Diplome d'Ingenieur; Diplôme d'Etat de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies; Diplôme de Magistère (Première Partie) – also known as Master 1; or Diplôme de Master – also known as Master 2 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Malawi We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Malaysia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class 1; or 3.7 out of 4.0 CGPA UK 2:1 degree: Class 2 division 1; or 3.0 out of 4.0 CGPA UK 2:2 degree: Class 2 division 2; or 2.6 out of 4.0 CGPA

Maldives We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (awarded from 2000) from the Maldives National University. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Malta We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class Honours; or Category I UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class Honours; or Category IIA UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or Category IIB

Mauritius We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class I; or 70% UK 2:1 degree: Class II division I; or 60% UK 2:2 degree: Class II division II; or 50%

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale used by your institution.

Mexico We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Profesional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.0 to 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 to 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 to 7.5 out of 10

Offer conditions will vary depending on the grading scale your institution uses.

Moldova We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Diploma de Licenta) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6.5 out of 10

Monaco We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Mongolia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.6 out of 4.0; or 90%; or grade A UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0; or 80%; or grade B UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.8 out of 4.0; or 70%; or grade C

Montenegro We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diploma of Completed Academic Undergraduate Studies; Diploma of Professional Undergraduate Studies; or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.5 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Morocco We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Diplome d'Ecoles Nationales de Commerce et de Gestion; Diplome de Docteur Veterinaire; Doctorat en Medecine; Docteur en Medecine Dentaire; Licence; Diplome d'Inegeniuer d'Etat; Diplome de Doctorat en Pharmacie; or Maitrise from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Mozambique We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grau de Licenciado (minimum 4 years) or Grau de Mestre from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Myanmar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% or GPA of 4.7 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 70% or GPA of 4.0 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 60% or GPA of 3.5 out of 5.0

Namibia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree or Professional Bachelor Degree (NQF level 8 qualifications) - these to be awarded after 2008 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Nepal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 80%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA of 2.4 out of 4.0

Bachelor in Nursing Science are not considered equivalent to UK Bachelor degrees.

Netherlands We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 7 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 10

New Zealand We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: A-*; or First Class Honours** UK 2:1 degree: B*; or Second Class (Division 1) Honours** UK 2:2 degree: C+*; or Second Class (Division 2) Honours**

*from a Bachelor degree **from a Bachelor Honours degree

Nigeria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 6.0 out of 7.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.50 out of 5.00; or GPA 4.6 out of 7.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.80 out of 5.00; or GPA 3.0 out of 7.0

Norway We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS (of 180 ECTS min overall) at grade A or above. UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade

Oman We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Pakistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.0 to 3.8 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.6 to 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.0 to 3.0 out of 4.0

Palestine, State of We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80% or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70% or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Panama We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado / Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 91% UK 2:1 degree: 81% UK 2:2 degree: 71%

Papua New Guinea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Class I UK 2:1 degree: Class II, division A UK 2:2 degree: Class II, division B

Paraguay We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado / Titulo de [professional title] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out fo 5

Peru We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Grado Academico de Bachiller or Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo (Professional) de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Philippines We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions or Juris Doctor; Bachelor of Laws; Doctor of Medicine; Doctor of Dentistry/ Optometry/ Veterinary Medicine; or Masters Degree from recognised institutions. UK 1st class degree: 3.6 out of 4.0; or 94%; or 1.25 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 3.0 out of 4.0; or 86%; or 1.75 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 2.5 out of 4.0; or 80%; or 2.5 out of 5

The above 'out of 5' scale assumes  1 is highest mark and 3 is the pass mark.

Poland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licencjat or Inzynier (minimum 3 years) - these must be awarded after 2001 from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.8 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: 4.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: 3.8 out of 5.0

The above grades are based on the 2 to 5 scale, where 3 is the pass mark and 5 is the highest mark.

Portugal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licenciado (minimum 180 ECTS credits) or Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 14 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 12 out of 20

Puerto Rico We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90/100 or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 80/100 or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 70/100 or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Qatar We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or GPA 2.8 out of 5.0

Romania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.75 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8.0 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7.0 out of 10

Russia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Rwanda We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85%; or 17 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 70%; or 15 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 60%; or 13 out of 20

Saudi Arabia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.75 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.75 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Senegal We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Maîtrise; Master II; Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA); Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Specialisées (DESS); Diplôme d'État de Docteur en Médecine; Diplôme d'Ingénieur; Diplôme de Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire; or Diplôme de Pharmacien from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16/20 UK 2:1 degree: 14/20 UK 2:2 degree: 12/20

Serbia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Advanced Diploma of Higher Education from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Sierra Leone We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Honours) or a Masters degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: First Class honours; or GPA 4.7 out of 5; or GPA 3.75 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: Upper Second Class honours; or GPA 4 out of 5; or GPA 3.25 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: Lower Second Class Honours; or GPA 3.4 out of 5; or GPA 2.75 out of 4

Singapore We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.6 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.8 out of 5.0; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 5.0; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Slovakia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 93%; or 1 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) UK 2:1 degree: 86%; or 1.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark) UK 2:2 degree: 72%; or 2.5 overall (on 1 to 4 scale, where 1 is highest mark)

Slovenia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Univerzitetni Diplomant (180 ECTS credits) (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 9.5 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 7 out of 10

Somalia Bachelor degrees from Somalia are not considered for direct entry to our postgraduate taught programmes. Holders of Bachelor degrees from Somali National University can be considered for our Pre-Masters programmes on a case by case basis.

South Africa We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: NQF Level 8 qualifications such as Bachelor Honours degrees or Professional Bachelor degrees from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75% UK 2:1 degree: 70% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

South Korea We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.2 out of 4.5; or GPA 4.0 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.5; or GPA 3.3 out of 4.3; or GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.5; or GPA 2.8 out of 4.3; or GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Spain We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo Universitario Oficial de Graduado en [subject area] (Grado) or Titulo Universitario Oficial de Licenciado en [subject area] (Licenciatura) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or 2.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or 2.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 6.0 out of 10; or 1.5 out of 4.0

Sri Lanka We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Special or Honours) or Bachelor Degree (Professional) (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.5 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Sudan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution or Bachelor degree in one of the following Professional subjects: Architecture; Dentistry; Engineering; Medicine/Surgery from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 80% UK 2:1 degree: 65% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

Sweden We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (Kandidatexamen) or Professional Bachelor Degree (Yrkesexamenfrom) (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: Overall B grade with at least 75 ECTS at grade A or above (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 65% of credits graded at VG overall UK 2:1 degree: Overall B grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall UK 2:2 degree: Overall C grade (180 ECTS minimum overall); or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall.

Switzerland We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor degree (180 ECTS credits) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 5.5 out of 6; or 9 out of 10 UK 2:1 degree: 5 out of 6; or 8 out of 10 UK 2:2 degree: 4.25 out of 6; or 7 out of 10

Syria We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 85% UK 2:1 degree: 75% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Taiwan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from selected institutions. UK 1st class degree: 85 to 90% UK 2:1 degree: 70 to 75% UK 2:2 degree: 65 to 70%

Tajikistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Specialist Diploma or Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Tanzania We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.5 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 5.0

Thailand We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 to 3.20 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.40 to 2.60 out of 4.00

Offer conditions will vary depending on the institution you are applying from.

Trinidad and Tobago We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or First Class Honours from the University of West Indies UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0; or Upper Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.4 out of 4.0; or Lower Second Class Honours from the University of West Indies

Tunisia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Licence; Diplome National d'Architecture; Maitrise; Diplome National d'Ingeniuer; or Doctorat en Medecine / Veterinaire from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 16 out of 20 UK 2:1 degree: 13 out of 20 UK 2:2 degree: 11 out of 20

Turkey We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.40 to 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 2.80 to 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.30 to 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.60 out of 4.00 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.00 out of 4.00 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.50 out of 4.00

Turkmenistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Diploma of Higher Education (awarded after 2007) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 3.5 out of 5

Turks and Caicos Islands We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (accredited by the Council of Community Colleges of Jamaica) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0; or 80% UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.3 out of 4.0; or 75% UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.7 out of 4.0; or 65%

Uganda We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 3 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 4.4 out of 5.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 5.0

Ukraine We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 10 out of 12; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 8 out of 12; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 6 out of 12; or 3.5 out of 5

United Arab Emirates We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

United States of America We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: GPA 2.5 out of 4.0

Uruguay We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] (minimum 4 years) from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 10 to 11 out of 12 UK 2:1 degree: 7 to 9 out of 12 UK 2:2 degree: 6 to 7 out of 12

Uzbekistan We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Specialist Diploma from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90%; or 4.7 out of 5 UK 2:1 degree: 80%; or 4.0 out of 5 UK 2:2 degree: 71%; or 3.5 out of 5

Venezuela We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Titulo de Licenciado/ Titulo de [subject area] from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 81% UK 2:1 degree: 71% UK 2:2 degree: 61%

Non-percentage grading scales, for example scales out of 20, 10, 9 or 5, will have different requirements. 

Vietnam We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 8.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.7 out of 4 UK 2:1 degree: 7.0 out of 10; or GPA 3.0 out of 4 UK 2:2 degree: 5.7 out of 10; or GPA 2.4 out of 4

Yemen We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters (Majister) degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 90% UK 2:1 degree: 80% UK 2:2 degree: 65%

Bachelor Degrees from Lebanese International University (in Yemen) can be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes - please see Lebanon for guidance on grade requirements for this.

Zambia We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Masters Degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75%; or GPA 3.7 out of 4.0 UK 2:1 degree: 65%; or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 UK 2:2 degree: 55%; or GPA 2.4 out of 4.0

Zimbabwe We normally consider the following qualifications for entry to our postgraduate taught programmes: Bachelor Degree (minimum 4 years) or Bachelor Honours degree from a recognised institution. UK 1st class degree: 75% UK 2:1 degree: 65% UK 2:2 degree: 60%

English language requirements

If you got your degree in an English speaking country or if it was taught in English, and you studied within the last five years, you might not need an English language qualification - find out more .

The minimum English Language requirements for entry to postgraduate degree programmes within the School Law are:

7.0   overall  including 7.0 in Writing, and 5.5 in Reading, Listening and Speaking.

100   overall  including 27 in Writing, 18 in Reading, 17 in Listening and 20 in Speaking.

76  overall  including 76in Writing, and 59 in Reading, Listening and Speaking. 

Trinity College London, Integrated Skills in English (ISE) III with a minimum of  Merit  in Writing, Reading, Listening and Speaking.

185 overall including  185  in Writing, and 162 in Reading, Listening and Speaking.

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Postgraduate Admissions

We have 2 Law (intellectual property) PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships for European Students (exc UK)

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Law (intellectual property) PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships for European Students (exc UK)

Faculty of law, masaryk university, funded phd programme (students worldwide).

Some or all of the PhD opportunities in this programme have funding attached. Applications for this programme are welcome from suitably qualified candidates worldwide. Funding may only be available to a limited set of nationalities and you should read the full programme details for further information.

Social Sciences Research Programme

Social Sciences Research Programmes present a range of research opportunities, shaped by a university’s particular expertise, facilities and resources. You will usually identify a suitable topic for your PhD and propose your own project. Additional training and development opportunities may also be offered as part of your programme.

Birmingham Law School - Postgraduate Research Opportunities

Awaiting funding decision/possible external funding.

This programme is waiting to confirm funding from a university or external source. This may depend on attracting suitable students and applications are welcome. Please see the programme details for more information.

Law Research Programme

Law Research Programmes present a range of research opportunities, shaped by a university’s particular expertise, facilities and resources. You will usually identify a suitable topic for your PhD and propose your own project. Additional training and development opportunities may also be offered as part of your programme.

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Prospective international PhD students

You are a postgraduate, have earned a university degree from an international higher education institution, and plan to do your doctoral studies at the faculty of law at universität hamburg..

To obtain a doctorate, students at the Faculty of Law conduct independent research and present their work in a doctoral dissertation. At the end of their studies, doctoral students must defend their doctoral dissertation in an oral examination. Generally, doctoral students can either create an individual plan or pursue studies within a structured program. General information on doctoral opportunities offered at Universität Hamburg can be found here .

Individual doctoral studies continue to be the most common form of obtaining a doctorate in Germany and at the Faculty of Law at Universität Hamburg. In this model, doctoral students work largely independently on their dissertation topic under the supervision of a professor. This allows for a great deal of freedom and flexibility, but also requires a significant degree of personal initiative and responsibility. Before beginning their studies, doctoral students first look for a supervising professor for their dissertation topic. Supervision is based on an individual agreement between the doctoral student and professor.

At the Faculty of Law at Universität Hamburg, students may also obtain a doctorate in a structured doctoral program. In these programs, the doctoral students and their research are integrated into a wider academic framework. These doctoral degree programs at the Faculty of Law at Universität Hamburg have an interdisciplinary and in some cases an international focus. They offer a framework for doctoral students to discuss their research and a broad range of opportunities for students to acquire additional qualifications in the field. Doctoral students in structured programs are often supervised by teams made up of several professors involved in the program.

The Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School (AMBSL) developed its curriculum based on the Faculty's two key research areas (research area 1: National and international market economy and governance—legal regulation under the conditions of economization and globalization; research area 2: The limits of law—the legal challenges of social and technological change). Research projects within structured doctoral training are not limited to the Faculty's key research areas, but may focus on any areas within law and its subdisciplines. The AMBSL helps applicants find suitable supervisors for their research project.

For more information about the Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School of Law and funding opportunities, please visit their website .

The European Doctorate in Law and Economics (EDLE) is an international doctoral program offered jointly by Universität Hamburg, the University of Bologna, and Erasmus University Rotterdam. The objective of the program is to train doctoral students at the highest academic level in the field of law and economics. Prospective doctors of law will be in the position to competently participate in academic discourse in this research field. More information about the European Doctorate in Law and Economics can be found here . ( http://www.edle-phd.eu/ )

The research training group The Economics of the Internationalisation of the Law focuses on the application of methods and concepts of economic analysis to international law and the way this interacts with national legal norms. More information on The Economics of the Internationalisation of the Law research training group can be found here (in German only).

• Schools & departments

Intellectual Property Law LLM

Awards: LLM

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Intellectual Property Law

The LLM in IP Law has brilliant lecturers, wonderfully designed courses, stimulating 'intellectual' discussions, and students from all around the world. Saraswathy Vaidyanathan LLM in Intellectual Property Law, 2017

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Programme description

This programme is designed to equip you with an advanced knowledge and understanding of intellectual property law and policy within a domestic (UK), regional (European) and international setting.

It will facilitate learning of both substantive intellectual property law, and the place and role of intellectual property, not just in its legal context but also in its social, ethical, cultural and commercial contexts.

The core courses will cover substantive law on all major intellectual property rights including:

• common law protection of intellectual property rights

Courses also provide a critical understanding of topical issues and a broad range of perspectives on intellectual property law, practice and policy.

Programme structure

You must complete 180 credits of study - 60 credits are taken in the compulsory dissertation and the remaining 120 credits are taken in taught courses (of which a minimum of 80 credits must be taken from a list of core courses in intellectual property).

Courses will be led by members of the Law School academic community, who are leaders in their field.

You are expected to prepare in advance by reading the required materials and by reflecting on the issues to be discussed.

For the dissertation you will have a supervisor from whom you can expect guidance and support, but the purpose of the dissertation is to allow you to independently design and conduct a piece of research and analysis.

Please note that due to unforeseen circumstances or lack of demand for particular courses, we may not be able to run all courses as advertised come the start of the academic year.

• Programme structure and courses

Learning outcomes

The subjects of the degree are intended to equip you with both an advanced knowledge of substantive intellectual property law and of the place and role of intellectual property within a domestic, regional and international context, laying a foundation for a specialised dissertation.

By the end of their studies for this degree, you will have acquired a high level of knowledge in the field of intellectual property law, a sophisticated awareness of the problems in the area and of the differing approaches to their solution.

Having studied the programme, you will emerge with an understanding of intellectual property law, not just in its legal but also social, ethical, cultural and commercial contexts.

During your study you will have access to the results of innovative cross-cutting research of the highest quality. The programme is suitable to prepare you for advanced research.

Career opportunities

This programme provides excellent preparation for anyone seeking to work in intellectual property in a legal, business, industry, policy or academic setting, or who wishes to advance their knowledge in the field.

Recent graduates have entered legal practice as specialists in intellectual property law, and are also working in a range of areas such as the creative industries, information technology and life sciences.

Student testimonial

Entry requirements.

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

A UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in law.

We may also consider candidates with a UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in a non-law subject if they can demonstrate prior high-level study or experience of intellectual property topics.

In evaluating your application for postgraduate study, greater emphasis may be placed upon results of prior learning in subjects relevant to the intended degree programme.

Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Supporting your application

Relevant work experience is not required but may increase your chances of acceptance.

Relevant professional qualifications will be considered.

Preference will be given to those with grades above the minimum requirements due to strong competition for places on this programme.

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

• Postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 7.0 in writing and 6.5 in all other components. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 25 in writing and 23 in all other components.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 185 in writing and 176 in all other components.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 70 in writing and 62 in all other components.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

If you receive an unconditional offer of admission, you will be asked to pay a deposit of £1,500 within 28 days or by the start of the orientation period, whichever is sooner, to secure your place on the programme.

Find out more about tuition fee deposits:

• Tuition fee deposit policy

Living costs

You will be responsible for covering living costs for the duration of your studies.

Tuition fees

Scholarships and funding, uk government postgraduate loans.

If you live in the UK, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan from one of the UK’s governments.

The type and amount of financial support you are eligible for will depend on:

• your programme
• the duration of your studies
• your tuition fee status

Programmes studied on a part-time intermittent basis are not eligible.

• UK government and other external funding

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Edinburgh Law School Postgraduate Office
• Phone: +44 (0)131 650 2386
• Contact: [email protected]
• Old College
• South Bridge
• Central Campus
• Programme: Intellectual Property Law
• School: Law
• College: Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences

This programme is not currently accepting applications. Applications for the next intake usually open in October.

Start date: September

Application deadlines

Due to high demand, the school operates a number of selection deadlines. We will make a small number of offers to the most outstanding candidates on an ongoing basis, but hold the majority of applications until the next published selection deadline when we will offer a proportion of the places available to applicants selected through a competitive process.

Deadlines for applicants applying to study in 2024/25:

Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.

Please be aware that applications must be submitted and complete, i.e. all required documents uploaded, by the relevant application deadline in order to be considered in that round. Your application will still be considered if you have not yet met the English language requirement for the programme.

• How to apply

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

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Higher Education Compass

Intellectual property law international course, full time, master of laws.

Master Degree

2 semesters

Standard period of study (amount)

Please enquire

Overview and admission

Admission semester.

Winter Semester only

Area of study

Jurisprudence, Legal

European, US and International Competition Law, European, Anglo-American & International Law of Intellectual Property

Target group

University graduates (at least Bachelor) from Germany and abroad who are working in the field of patent, trademark and copyright law, e.g. work as a patent attorney or as a specialist in the patent department of a company, with authorities such as the German Patent and Trademark Office or with international organisations (European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO). About half of the students at MIPLC have a legal background and the other half a scientific background, although other disciplines are also welcome.

Application deadlines: See the degree programme website Applications must be sent directly to the MIPLC . Please note the special application deadlines for certain scholarships and the required application documents in accordance with the details on www.miplc.de. Degree course in cooperation with: TU Munich, George Washington University Law School, Washington D.C., Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition. The location of the MIPLC LL.M. programme is in Munich at the Munich Intellectual Property Law Centre.

Admission modus

Without admission restriction

Admission requirements (Link)

Admission requirements

No admission restrictions, max. 38 students per intake year. There are three eligibility requirements: Qualifying degree (at least Bachelor), at least one year of professional experience after the first qualifying degree, good knowledge of English (proven by TOEFL with a minimum score of 85 (ibT), 223 (cbT) or 563 (pbT), IELTS in band 6.5 or CPE with a minimum score of C/185).

Lecture period

• 15.04.2024 - 19.07.2024
• 14.10.2024 - 07.02.2025

Application deadlines

Winter semester (2024/2025), application deadline for germans and inhabitants.

Please refer to the programme pages for application deadlines for continuing degree programmes.

Deadlines for International Students from the European Union

Enrollment deadline for germans and foreign students, deadlines for international students from countries that are not members of the european union, tuition fee.

39,500.00 EUR / total

Fees (Link)

Languages of instruction

Main language.

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst e.V. Kennedyallee 50 53175 Bonn

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Doctoral Programme in Law

The doctoral programme and the Faculty of Law offer a uniform selection of disciplines in order to create a flexible framework for the interplay of education and research. The degree programme cooperates with LERU (League of European Research Universities).

Want to know more? Visit our profile & activities page to learn more about the key research areas and activities in the programme.

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Professors at the faculty offer the possibility to do postgraduate doctoral studies with the aim to be awarded a „Doctor juris“ (Dr. jur., equivalent to Ph.D.). According tot he Doctoral Regulations, there is a general possibility to undertake such studies for lawyers who have not completed their studies in Germany. However, there are certain formal requirements that you should be aware of. In particular, it is not possible to register individually for doctoral studies without the approval and support of a supervisor, who must be one of the professors of the Faculty. We advise you to get in touch with professors if you are interested in pursuing a German Dr. jur. programme to see whether they have the capacity and interest to supervise you.

Inform yourself here about the possibilities regarding the PhD-Programs (available only in German).

The Faculty offers two German languaged LL.M. programmes to enhance knowledge in specific areas. One is in intellectual property law, the other in medical law. You may find further information here  (available only in german).

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• Chairs / Institutes
• PhD and LL.M.
• International Profile
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Research, Conferences and Presentations

Get information regarding Research, Conferences and Presentations at the Faculty of Law!

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

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Discover more about Law at Manchester

PhD Law / Programme details

Year of entry: 2025

• View full page

Programme description

Research is central to the work of the Law department. 

Our diverse, intellectual community brings together legal and socio-legal scholars, criminologists, ethicists, economists and sociologists who undertake doctrinal and empirical research, resulting in the production of a wide range of scholarly and policy-oriented publications. 

Our research  shapes law, policy and social change through active engagement with policy-makers, legislators, NGOs and activists working in a broad range of disciplines and sectors. We invite you to explore our  research themes , through which we encourage collaboration and debate within the department and beyond.  

Our research degrees involve sustained, in-depth study into a specific topic, which is then written up as a thesis for examination.

Special features

Our core research is supported by research centres , providing direction and guidance for staff and PGRs with common interests.

By joining the School of Social Sciences you will receive specialist training on research methods in law and social sciences.

Having specialised research centres allows us to ensure our research is focused and makes a real impact, both within the University and the wider community.

• The Manchester Centre for Regulation, Governance and Public Law (ManReg) works to address regulatory issues in areas such as the environment, policing and intellectual property and biotechnology.
• Our international law expertise at the Manchester International Law Centre (MILC) covers a range of areas including international trade, armed conflicts and cyber security.
• Experts at the Centre for Social Ethics and Policy (CSEP) are leading the ethical research of today's healthcare and legal debates in areas such as assisted suicide and euthanasia, mental health and capacity issues and reproduction.

Additional programme information

Humanities Doctoral Academy

Our Humanities Doctoral Academy combines the strengths of our four schools to bring expertise, knowledge, support and high-quality services for postgraduate researchers.

We are a community of academic leaders and postgraduate researchers across all levels in the Faculty of Humanities. The Doctoral Academy Hub houses our specialist professional service teams who support postgraduate researchers throughout the programme journey. This includes admissions, registration, student experience, progression, examination, and graduation. We collaborate closely with other University directorates including Manchester Doctoral College, Researcher Development team, and the corresponding Doctoral Academies in the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health. Together we provide the best experience and support for your studies and research.

Equality, diversity and inclusion is fundamental to the success of The University of Manchester, and is at the heart of all of our activities.

We know that diversity strengthens our research community, leading to enhanced research creativity, productivity and quality, and societal and economic impact.

We actively encourage applicants from diverse career paths and backgrounds and from all sections of the community, regardless of age, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, sexual orientation and transgender status.

All appointments are made on merit.

The University of Manchester and our external partners are fully committed to equality, diversity and inclusion.

Teaching and learning

Undertaking a PhD is challenging, but you will receive expert supervision during your time with us. This supervision includes regular meetings with your supervisors and an annual review session for you to present details of your progress to other academic staff.  

Supervisors will normally be within the department, but collaborating with scholars from other areas of the University is also possible. Our dedicated researcher development team provides individual tailored training to support the progression of your research skills, as well as guidance for your career in academia or further afield. To test your ideas and disseminate your scholarship, we’ll actively support and encourage you to engage with the wider academic community to present your work to and receive feedback from scholars outside of Manchester.

Coursework and assessment

For a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), you must successfully complete a period of supervised research and training, the results of which show convincing evidence of your capacity to pursue research and scholarship, and to make an original contribution and substantial addition to knowledge.   

Research training in legal methods: full-time PGRs are expected to attend at least 50% of the research training seminars over the course of the first year.

Part-time PGRs are required to attend a 25% minimum of seminars in their first year and another 25% in their second year. Second and third-year PGRs may return to take seminars they missed the previous year on an optional basis.  

You must prepare a substantial thesis of up to 80,000 words, and also satisfy the examiners in an oral examination on the subject of the thesis. The subject is chosen by you, but must be approved by the School's Research Committee.   

You may commence your studies in September or January (with September being the main admissions date).

Related research

In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF2021) 82% of our Law research was judged to be in the highest two categories (4*) 'world-leading' or (3*) 'internationally excellent'. 

Our research impact was also judged to be strong, with 100% judged to be (4*) 'world-leading' or (3*) 'internationally excellent'. 

Read more about our Law research at Manchester.

What our students say

The University of Manchester Library

Manchester is home to one of the UK's five National Research Libraries - one of the best-resourced academic libraries in the UK and widely recognised as one of the world's greatest research libraries.

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LLM Programs in Intellectual Property (IP) Law - Europe

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Full-Time: Master in International Law, Foreign Trade & International Relations, Master in International Sports Law, Master in Sports Management and Le... more…

Distance Learning: Master in International Tax Advice, Master in Entertainment Law: Audiovisual, music, sports and entertainment industry, Master in Biotechnol... more…

Full-Time: Master of Intellectual Property & ICT Law, Master in Company Law, European Legal Informatics Study Programme (EULISP) - Master of Laws (LL.M... more…

Full-Time: LL.M. International Studies in Intellectual Property Law more…

Full-Time: LL.M. in European Competition and IP Law more…

Full-Time: Deutsches und Europäisches Recht und Rechtspraxis (LL.M.), LL.M. in International Dispute Resolution (IDR), European Law and Comparative Law... more…

Dual Degree: Comparative Law Studies on German, European and Chinese Law (LL.M.) more…

Full-Time: Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Public International Law, Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Information and Communication Technology Law, Master of Laws (... more…

Part-Time: LL.M. in North Sea Energy Law more…

Full-Time: LL.M. in European Law, Advanced Master in Intellectual Property Law and Knowledge Management (LL.M./MSc), LL.M. in Dutch Law, LL.M. in Foren... more…

Full-Time: Master of Laws (LL.M.), LL.M. in European and Transnational Intellectual Property and Information Technology Law, LL.M. in International Law... more…

Dual Degree: Chinese Law and Comparative Law (LL.M./M.A.) more…

Part-Time: Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Intellectual Property more…

Full-Time: Master in Digital Law. Data, Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (Master in Diritto digitale. Dati, algoritmi e intelligenza artificiale)... more…

Full-Time: LL.M. in International Law, LL.M. in European and International Business Law, LL.M. in Real Estate and Residential Property Law, LL.M. in Ta... more…

Part-Time: LL.M. in Family Business and Estate Planning, LL.M. in Human Rights, LL.M. in Information and Media Law more…

Full-Time: Master of Laws (LL.M.) in International Commercial Arbitration, Master of Laws (LL.M.) in European Economic Law, Master of Laws (LL.M.) in E... more…

Full-Time: European Legal Informatics Study Programme (EULISP) - Master of Laws (LL.M.) in IT-Law and IP-Law more…

Full-Time: Master in European Union Law, Master in Intellectual Property, Master in Advanced Human Rights Studies, Master in Business Legal Advice, Mas... more…

Full-Time: Master of Laws in Intellectual Property and Competition Law more…

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Intellectual Property Law

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Homepage / Master’s Studies / Intellectual Property Law (joint programme)

Looking to narrow down your law specialization?  Enjoy working with artists or with digital creators? Looking for a career in a field with demand? Thinking of challenging yourself?   

If any of the above questions came back with positive answers, consider a master degree in  Intellectual Property Law . It is a niche specialization, with demand growing every day.  Become  master of law in intellectual property and bring your career opportunities to the next level.  With this degree, you will be in demand to help register and protect the intellectual property of IT companies, production and engineering enterprises, among artists and photographers.   

Study in Lithuania, a hub for tech companies, looking to protect their intellectual property and maintain their competitiveness in the market. But don’t stop there. Get a double diploma from MRU and  Taras  Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Ukraine, where you will be spending first year of your studies.   

Conduct your studies in English and raise your career prospects that much higher.   To take full advantage of this course, you will be required to know  English at B 2  level .  During your law studies, you will cover the relevant topics of professional and corporate ethics, copyright and related rights, intellectual property online and so much more.  Additionally, you will have a chance to not only study in Lithuania and Ukraine, but you can also choose to do your internship  in yet another country. Have a true international studies experience and finalize it with your master’s thesis, where you can showcase your theoretical and practical knowledge.   

In 2 years, you will receive your master degree in the field of law. You will also be awarded 120 ECTS credits for your future studies. After completing your degree, you will be able to  apply your knowledge in public and private sectors, as well as academic research fields .  

Choose our joint studies programme with  Taras  Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and become a true, international master of law.  At MRU, you will also find  a low tuition fee , making this master degree even more enticing. We also have scholarships for master studies  available at our university. You can find more information on  scholarships  for studies  available here .   

Check out more information on  Intellectual Property Law lecture  content below and decide if this program is best for you.  Contact us  if you have more questions. If not, hit that  Apply now  button and get your degree started!

Find out 6 Reasons to Study in Lithuania!

STUDY PROGRAMME PLAN

General competences and learning outcomes

1. Personal and Social abilities

• Ability to implement the knowledge on the legal protection of intellectual property in order to self-initiate, develop and manage transnational and European business, ability to make social responsible and ethical decisions in the multicultural business environment;
• Ability to participate in dispute settlement as a consultant on the legal protection of intellectual property and give recommendations on the matter independently or as a team member in multicultural business environment;
• Ability to plan the learning process independently and purposefully, to choose the direction of professional activities’ development, to adapt to the changing work environment and to act in a multicultural environment responsibly, honestly and transparently.

Subject specific competences and learning outcomes

2. Knowledge and its application

• Ability to analyse and explain system of intellectual property objects and their interrelation, the principles of the legal protection of intellectual property;
• Ability to analyse and explain national, European and international intellectual property legal sources and identify their scope;
• Ability to find the most effective legal mechanism (national, European, international or their combination) for the protection of intellectual property objects exploited in business.

3. Research skills

• Ability to analyse and synthetize information necessary for scientific research in the field of intellectual property law, to follow developments of business demands related to the exploitation of the intellectual property objects and novelties of the legal protection of intellectual property, to clearly and unambiguously formulate logical conclusions based on intellectual property law knowledge, to convey the information to different audiences.

4. Special abilities

• Ability critically analyse and assess the compliance of national legislation with the European and international legal acts, ability to identify and asses imperfection of intellectual property legislation in force, ability to provide proposals on the necessary changes of legislation in force as well as on adoption of new legislation in order to improve business environment;
• Ability to advise on issues related to intellectual property law, to deal with a wide range of legal problems, including extremely complex, when there is incomplete or limited information, to provide suggestions that would enable the reduction of the rise of problems detected as well as interests alignment and satisfaction of the individual business participants.

Information is being prepared.

Application via Taras Shevchenko National University website.

Required documents:

• Bachelor degree or equivalent first university degree diploma in Law (3-year study duration minimum)
• Academic Transcripts of each study year
• Document proving English language level
• Passport Copy

By submitting the documents applicant agrees for one’s information to be shared with other institutions that the University might refer to while processing the academic verification.

Provided documents must be in color, have no cut corners (high quality scan).

Required level – B2

Assessments of English language proficiency certificates equivalent to level B2:

• TOEFL IBT 65-78
• IELTS 5.0-6.5
• DUOLINGO 100-125

If you do not have a certificate proving your English language proficiency level, you can take the University Online English language level test. You will be able to choose this option while filling in the application . The test is free of charge.

Certificate is not required if your native language is English or if your previous studies were conducted fully in English language.

• If the original educational documents/transcripts are in English, Lithuanian or Russian with an apostille ( if required ) on the scanned original, no translation needed.
• If original educational documents/transcripts are not in English, Lithuanian or Russian languages, then they have to be supplemented with an official translation.
• The official translation has to be confirmed with the sworn translator’s signature or official notarization.
• Accepted students shall present their original educational documents/transcripts to the International Office upon arrival to begin their studies.

Recognition of Foreign Qualifications

• The evaluation and recognition of prior qualifications is a part of Mykolas Romeris University (MRU) admissions process.
• By submitting the online application you confirm that the documents are legitimate and that MRU can verify the authenticity of the documents by contacting its issuing authority and national ENIC/NARIC centre.
• Documents uploaded must be in good condition and in full colour. Documents issued in languages other than English, Russian, or Lithuanian must be accompanied with an official translation into English or Lithuanian. 
• Before you apply make sure that you have a complete documentation package and that your qualifications are giving access to higher education according to the study programme level you are applying for at the MRU.  

Recognition Criteria

• The purpose of an assessment is to compare a foreign qualification with a similar level qualification awarded in Lithuania according to quality, profile, content, workloads and learning outcomes.
• Your qualification will be assessed according to specific requirements for the programme you are applying for and whether your academic results are sufficient for studies at the MRU.

Right to Appeal

Recognition decisions can be appealed against to the Academic Recognition of Foreign Qualifications Concerning Higher Education Appeal Committee under the Lithuanian Ministry of Education and Science.

All appeals with supporting documents must be submitted to: Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education Ph.: +37052104778 Email: [email protected]  Address: SKVC, A. Goštauto st. 12, LT-01108, Vilnius, Lithuania

The procedure of evaluation and recognition of academic qualifications

Payment information will be provided in the invoices issued in your online application form .

Student continues to pay the same tuition fee which was implied at the time of the admission.

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LLM in Intellectual Property Law

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The LLM in Intellectual Property Law is designed to equip you with an advanced knowledge and understanding of intellectual property law and policy within a domestic (UK), regional (European) and international setting.

During your studies you will have the opportunity to undertake in-depth study of a range of contemporary issues through our taught core courses in intellectual property law, and develop further critical understanding and research skills through a dissertation on an intellectual property issue of your choice.

The programme will expose you to a broad range of perspectives on intellectual property law, practice, and policy. It covers substantive law on all major intellectual property rights, including copyright, trade marks, designs, patents, and common law protection of intellectual property rights. It also examines these rights within the international intellectual property treaty framework and system. The programme assesses the place and role of these rights by investigating a range of topical issues, which underpin contemporary intellectual property law and policy.

At Edinburgh, we take an interdisciplinary approach and the LLM in Intellectual Property Law will offer you the opportunity to examine intellectual property not just in its legal but also social, economic, ethical, cultural and commercial contexts.

In addition to the core intellectual property law courses, as part of your studies you will have the opportunity to choose courses from the wide range of options offered by Edinburgh Law School enabling you to tailor your studies to meet your specific interests.

The LLM in IP Law has brilliant lecturers, wonderfully designed courses, stimulating 'intellectual' discussions, and students from all around the world.

Intellectual property is everywhere today. The global use of intellectual property has been on the rise in the last decade and it is now an important concern in both developed and developing economies. Intellectual property protection has increasingly been associated with the aims of promoting economic growth, innovation, and creativity.

On the one hand, IP-intensive industries are seen to make a significant contribution to GDP and national employment and bring other socio-economic benefits. On the other, tensions remain between intellectual property rights and the development of information and communication technologies, access to medicines and education, and the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy, to name a few.

The ever-increasing role and impact of intellectual property law and policy makes specialised knowledge of this subject a valuable asset for those:

• intending to enter legal practice and specialise in intellectual property law;
• seeking to work in areas such as the creative industries, cultural industries, manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals, life sciences, computing, information and communication technologies, etc. with a focus on intellectual property;
• intending to take up a policymaking role in relation to knowledge-intensive sectors;
• looking to undertake further postgraduate study in the area of intellectual property law or pursue a research or academic career.

Edinburgh Law School has been specialising in the field of IP for many years and established SCRIPT, a pioneering centre of excellence in the disciplines of IP and IT law, in 1998.  SCRIPT, the Scottish Research Centre for IP and Technology Law, explores the intersection between law, technology and society from a multidisciplinary and multi-jurisdiction perspective. The centre received generous support from the Arts and Humanities Research Council.  From 2012 to 2018, Edinburgh Law School’s IP specialists, who are also SCRIPT members, formed part of the RCUK-funded multi-institutional CREATe consortium. SCRIPT continues to be highly regarded and partners the LLM in Intellectual Property Law.

SCRIPT also runs a highly regarded online open access peer-reviewed journal, SCRIPT-ed. SCRIPTed publishes its peer-reviewed articles and analysis pieces on an ongoing, rolling basis, with contributions being collated into three issues per year (April, August, December). 

Visit the SCRIPT website

Current members of the IP team (Dr Smita Kheria, Ms Jane Cornwell, Dr Emmanuel Oke, and Dr Amandine Leonard) offer expertise spanning copyright, designs, trade marks, patents, international IP, IP and human rights, and IP enforcement and the relationship between IP, innovation and creativity. Engaging with diverse research methodologies - doctrinal, socio-legal, and empirical – they conduct innovative research examining topics including creative and cultural intersections, international IP, and IP practice and policy. Dr Kheria and Ms Cornwell are co-authors of a leading textbook on IP rights (Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy, Oxford University Press).

During your studies, you may also choose to participate in extra-curricular activities to enhance your learning. Opportunities for Intellectual Property focussed extra-curricular activities vary from year to year. In recent years, teams have entered the prestigious Annual Oxford International Intellectual Property Law Moot Competition. Students have also visited the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art to discuss the intersection between copyright and contemporary art by reviewing some well-known artworks on display, and have been hosted at the University’s 3D printing studio to learn more about developments in this exciting technological field.

The School hosts a range of events throughout the year, including public lectures and conferences attracting high-profile speakers and delegates. In addition, SCRIPT also hosts guest talks by distinguished speakers specialising in issues at the intersection of law and technology. Students on the LLM in Intellectual Property are invited, and actively encouraged, to attend such guest lectures and events to take advantage of the opportunities for engagement with experts in a range of fields 

If you have any questions about the LLM in Intellectual Property Law please don't hesitate to contact us.

[email protected]

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years subject to visa restrictions. It offers you exclusive access to the whole range of core courses from the field of intellectual property offered in Edinburgh Law School while also giving you the option to tailor the programme to suit your needs and interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits. Full programme details for the 2024-25 academic year are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

View 2024-25 programme information for the LLM in Intellectual Property Law

Courses listed below are scheduled for the 2024-25 academic year.

Depending on demand, space on specific courses may be limited.

You must select between 80 and 120 credits from the following courses:

Intellectual Property Law 1: Copyright and Related Rights (20 credits) 

The purpose of this course is to consider the law relating to copyright, design rights, database right, and performers' rights within their institutional setting at international, European and national level. Recent years have witnessed an expansion in the scope of intellectual property rights, and having examined the institutional setting in which policy is formed, the reach and impact of these rights within the UK will be analysed. The teaching sessions will also highlight areas of particular topicality.

Intellectual Property Law 2: Industrial Property (20 credits) 

The purpose of this course is to consider the laws relating to patents, trade marks, passing off, and breach of confidence. Noting the international framework and context, the focus will be on European and UK law. Recent years have witnessed an expansion in the scope of these intellectual property rights. This course will examine in detail the law on subsistence/entitlement to protection, infringement and defences for all of the relevant rights, alongside discussion of wider policy, economic and other considerations. The sessions will also highlight areas of particular topicality.

Intellectual Property Law, Innovation and Creativity (20 credits)

Intellectual Property laws are often associated with the aims of promoting 'innovation' and 'creativity'. But how do Intellectual Property laws actually impact upon innovation and creativity? Do they promote or hinder them? What is the relationship between Intellectual Property Laws and the variety of activities that they are designed to affect in everyday life? Are there gaps between what Intellectual Property laws aim to achieve and what they actually achieve? Why do these gaps exist and how can they be filled? How should Intellectual Property policy be formulated? This course explores these questions by examining a selection of recent empirical legal research that has investigated the role and impact of IP rights in the ‘real world’.

International Intellectual Property Law  (20 credits)

This module will examine International Intellectual Property Law with a particular focus on patents, copyright and trade marks and within the domains of information and communication and international trade.

Having analysed the architecture of the IIPS and considered the ways in which the laws are developed and the tensions that have been brought about through linking IP with trade, this module will go on to look in depth at formal and substantive aspects of the Treaties as well as current developments.

Intellectual Property and Human Rights (20 credits)

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) affect various aspects of our lives including health, education, agriculture, politics, communications, privacy, and the environment. The globalization of IPRs (especially after its linkage with international trade) in recent decades has equally led to inevitable tensions and conflicts between IPRs and human rights in both developed and developing countries. Historically, the fields of IP and Human Rights evolved independently, but there is now an increasing recognition of the relationship between both fields and this has equally led to debates concerning the proper conceptualization of the relationship between IP and Human Rights.

This module will examine the nature and significance of the relationship between IP and Human Rights. There will be an exploration of the various tensions resulting from the interaction between IP and Human Rights and an examination of how these tensions are being addressed at national, regional, and global levels. In this regard, the module will examine how traditional IPRs (such as patents, copyright and trademarks) interact and impact civil and political rights (such as freedom of expression and privacy) and economic and social rights. Other forms of IPRs, such as image rights and how they impact human rights will also be studied. In addition, there will be an analysis of the issues pertaining to indigenous peoples and the protection of their traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions from a human rights perspective.

Advanced Issues in Registered Trade Mark Law (20 credits)

This course will provide in-depth coverage of registered trade mark law in the UK under the Trade Marks Act 1994 and at EU level under the EU Trade Mark Regulation 2017 (and predecessor legislation). Comparison with the trade mark laws of other jurisdictions will be introduced where of interest to particular topics of study. This course will foster a thorough understanding of substantive registered trade mark law through close examination of relevant legislation and case law. It will examine the principal theoretical and policy perspectives underpinning registered trade mark law, and will explore a number of cross-cutting underlying themes including: mechanisms for policing the boundary of the registered trade mark monopoly; preventing trade mark overreach; tensions between normative and empirical considerations; overlaps with other intellectual property rights; and the challenges posed by the evolution of modern commerce and brand strategies. The course will also encourage students to develop practical perspectives on registered trade mark filing, portfolio management and enforcement practices.

You must select between 0 and 40 credits of courses from the different subject areas offered by the Law School, depending on availability and with the express permission of the Programme Director. Depending on demand, space on courses outside the core courses may be limited.

Full programme details, including core and optional courses is available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Having successfully completed 120 credit points of taught courses within the LLM in Intellectual Property Law, you will be ready to move onto a single piece of independent and in-depth research. The 10,000 word dissertation allows you to focus on a preferred topic within the area of intellectual property law, normally based on a subject you have studied in one of your courses during the programme.

You will be assigned an academic dissertation supervisor who will provide you with support and guidance while you prepare and write your dissertation.

The dissertation is a challenging but rewarding endeavour, asking you to demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature and an ability to engage critically with a range of sources, drawing on the skills and knowledge you have developed during the course of the programme. Students are encouraged to show originality and evidence of independent thinking, whether in terms of the material used, or the manner in which it is presented.

The dissertation is written in the summer months (April to August) after the taught courses are successfully completed.

Please note that due to unforeseen circumstances or lack of demand for particular courses, we may not be able to run all courses as advertised come the start of the academic year.

Page update: Courses for the 2024-25 year were published on the 3rd May 2024. 

Staff teaching on the core courses of the LLM in Intellectual Property Law are experts in their field and are actively involved in cutting-edge research in the field.

Dr Smita Kheria - Programme Director 2024-25

Smita is a Senior Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law and the founding director of the LLM in Intellectual property Law. She studied at the University of Buckingham (LLB (Hons)), the University of Cambridge (LLM), and at Queen's University Belfast (PhD). Before undertaking her doctoral studies, she also practised as an advocate in commercial and intellectual property law. She combines legal expertise in copyright and related rights with socio-legal research on intellectual property law in the real world.

Smita’s primary research interests are in substantive law on copyright and related rights, in using empirical research to address questions pertaining to intellectual property and policy, and, in exploring connections between Intellectual Property law and new forms of property and culture through the lens of creators and users. She has been involved in several RCUK funded research projects that have empirically examined how copyright intersects with the everyday lives and practices of online creative communities, arts and humanities researchers, and professional creators and performers, as well as how creators’ organisations shape copyright policy. 

Smita is a Co-Director (IP Law) of the SCRIPT Centre and Vice Chair of the Socio-Legal Studies Association, She is a co-author of the textbook Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy (3rd to 6th edns, Oxford University Press). She has recently co-founded the Network for Empirical Legal Studies in Intellectual Property.

Find out more

Jane Cornwell joined the University of Edinburgh as a lecturer in intellectual property law in October 2010. After graduating from the University of Cambridge, she qualified and practised as a solicitor in the intellectual property team at Linklaters LLP in London. Thereafter she spent several years practising at McGrigors LLP in Scotland, latterly as Director in the Edinburgh litigation team specialising in contentious intellectual property.

Since joining the University of Edinburgh, Jane has acted for several years as Programme Director for the Law School’s online LLM in Intellectual Property Law as well as teaching across a range of on-campus and online undergraduate and postgraduate IP courses. She has also acted as Deputy Director of Postgraduate Taught Studies, with particular focus on online learning. She is a co-author of the textbook Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy (3rd to 6th edns, OUP).

Jane's expertise covers a wide range of IP rights. Her particular interests include trade marks, design law and IP remedies, with a particular focus of the impact of European harmonisation in these fields, including trade marks, designs, patents and breach of confidence.

Emmanuel joined the School of Law as a Lecturer in International Intellectual Property Law in August 2016. He has LLB and LLM degrees from the University of Lagos. He also has an LLM degree in Intellectual Property and Technology Law from the National University of Singapore. He obtained his PhD degree from University College Cork. He was called to the Nigerian Bar in 2008 and he is a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

His research interests includes international and comparative aspects of intellectual property law. Specifically, his research explores the interface between intellectual property and other branches of international law such as international trade law, international investment law, international taxation law, and international human rights law.

Amandine is on sabbatical for the 2024-25 academic year

Amandine joined the University of Edinburgh as an early career fellow in IP law in August 2020. Her research and teaching interests lie primarily in the area of patent law and, in particular, patent enforcement.

She also conducts research on the rationales and objectives of IP law, the approach adopted by the United States and European countries regarding limitations and exceptions in IP law, the interface between competition law and IP law, as well as issues of liability for patent infringement in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR).

Prior to joining the University of Edinburgh, she was an Emile Noël postdoctoral fellow at the Jean Monnet Center of NYU School of Law.

The staff teaching on this programme are subject to change for 2025-26. Staff listed as on sabbatical will not be available to teach for the duration of their sabbatical.

If you have any questions about the LLM in Intellectual Property Law please don't hesitate to contact us.

Find out what it's like to study for an LLM in Intellectual Property Law at Edinburgh Law School from our current and former students.

Hanna, Germany

Coming to Edinburgh to study Intellectual Property Law was a great decision. The professors teaching the program were excellent. They were always motivated and enthusiastic about the subject matter and were able to convey it with an enthusiasm that was quite contagious. The professors were also genuinely interested in the students and their concerns, which I found to be very pleasant. We were given a warm welcome from the very beginning.

On top of that, Edinburgh and Scotland in general offers a fantastic balance for a great year. The city is the perfect size and has a lot to offer, especially for students. It is also a great base to explore the stunning countryside. I highly recommend it.

Hanna studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in the academic year 2019-20, graduating in 2020.

Linus studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in the 2021-22 academic year, graduating in 2022.

"After starting my career in Intellectual Property in Germany I sought to gain a fresh and international perspective on the subject matter. The programme in Edinburgh more than exceeded my expectations and offered valuable insights into the quirks and intricacies of IP – both from a UK as well as a global angle.

Stimulating discussions with fellow students from diverse backgrounds as well as the challenging and thought-provoking guidance by the excellent teaching staff provided new perspectives and impulses invaluable for my future career in IP. Furthermore, innovative and enthusiastic teaching, with references to and the implementation of art, popular culture, human rights, and arising new technologies reaffirmed Edinburgh as the optimal choice for my studies abroad.

Besides that, sunshine on Leith, whisky in the Royal Oak, and hikes around Arthur’s Seat completed my wonderful experience in fairytale-like Edinburgh and offered a counterbalance to at times strenuous (but nonetheless educational and enjoyable) assignments. I can therefore wholeheartedly recommend the University of Edinburgh for anyone seeking to expand their views on IP while spending a year in an enriching, diverse, and eventful environment."

Zongshuai studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in the 2021-22 academic year, graduating in 2022.

"Coming from an engineering background, I worked and studied in Singapore for fives year before I started the study at the University of Edinburgh in September 2021.

Both the city and the course structure drove me to apply for the LLM programme delivered by this University. For the former, I have been impressed by Edinburgh’s stunning views since my first visit in 2019. Meanwhile, the programme structure comprehensively covers each topic of intellectual property, such as patents and copyright, and allows students to explore certain topics or areas further.

During my time in Edinburgh, every sunset I came across reminded me of how lucky I was to be here. Meanwhile, the experienced faculties guided me to broaden my academic capacity with their strict but reachable standards."

Jelizaveta studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law part-time during the 2020-22 academic years, graduating in 2022.

"When I chose my master's degree, I decided to combine my passion for art, creativity, and innovation with my knowledge of the law. I was interested in education in Scotland long before and coincidentally, the University of Edinburgh offered an Intellectual Property Law master's programme.

This program is unique because I could not find anything similar in quality and content either in my home country or in other European countries. The program ‘Intellectual Property Law’ is good in its versatility, it provides general information about the subjects of IP law and draws you into detailed discussions on current topics in this area. The freedom to choose some courses gives you the opportunity to realise your full potential.

Even though my studies took place during the active spread of Covid, Edinburgh Law School quickly adapted to the new reality and the quality of education even improved with the use of new technologies. Moreover, I constantly felt support from the Postgraduate Office and the Programme Director."

Due to my passionate interest in intellectual property law, once I obtained my LLB degree in China, I chose to pursue an LLM in this subject at the University of Edinburgh.

The programme here provided me with the unique opportunity of studying IP at international level and communicating with fellow students from a variety of backgrounds.

The programme completely satisfied all my demands. The multifarious and thoroughly professional seminar-based courses were both fully interactive and inspirational, focusing not only on the fundamental principles but also on the issues and authentic effects of IP systems in practical scenarios. I have great admiration for these excellent courses which covered academic expertise from both international and domestic perspectives.

In addition, I have immense appreciation for every member of academic staff, particularly regarding their work during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are all incredibly knowledgeable and considerate and have provided me with irreplaceable support.

Living in this mesmerising city made every day a pleasure. The unprecedented academic and personal experience during this year will have a long-lasting effect on my life.

Hanrui studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in the academic year 2019-20, graduating in 2020.

Marleen studied the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in the 2018-19 academic year, graduating in 2019.

"After graduating from law school in Germany, I was looking for a programme which combines fundamental principles of a foreign system of intellectual property rights with in-depth discussions with classmates coming from various countries on issues deriving from ongoing technological progression.

With seminars based on an interactive teaching method, the programme at the University of Edinburgh perfectly matched my interests and helped me to define my academic career in a field of law of ever-increasing importance. The variety of course choices was particularly valuable. In addition to courses on the domestic intellectual property law system, I also got the chance to get an international perspective on the subject. Moreover, I appreciated how the broad variety of courses enabled an insight on the interface between intellectual property rights and human rights as well as European competition law.

The excellent academic education, the approachable lecturers and the vibrant student life in Edinburgh (including various student societies and sport clubs) made my year abroad an exciting and enriching chapter. The specialist knowledge I acquired during the year will be very valuable during my clerkship and my future career in intellectual property law."

Applications for the 2024-25 academic year have now closed. Applications for entry in 2025-26 will open in October 2024. 

Please note that the information provided is for entry in the 2024-25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. 

This programme can be taken full-time over one year, or part-time over two years subject to visa restrictions.

Due to high demand, the school operates a number of selection deadlines. We will make a small number of offers to the most outstanding candidates on an ongoing basis, but hold the majority of applications until the next published selection deadline when we will offer a proportion of the places available to applicants selected through a competitive process.

We recommend that you apply as early as possible. This is particularly important for applicants who may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test, for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements and/or to apply for University accommodation.

We require a minimum 2:1 honours degree from a UK university, or its international equivalent, in law. We may also consider candidates with a UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in a non-law subject if they can demonstrate prior high-level study or experience of intellectual property topics. Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Supporting your application

• Relevant work experience is not required but may increase your chances of acceptance.
• Relevant professional qualifications will be considered.
• Preference will be given to those with grades above the minimum requirements due to strong competition for places on this programme.

International qualifications

You can check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

Check your degree

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

Find out more about our postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

You must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies, regardless of your nationality or country of residence.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

Two year expiry

• IELTS Academic / IELTS Academic for UKVI and IELTS Academic Online : total 7.0 (at least 7.0 in the writing component and 6.5 in each other module)
• TOEFL-iBT (including Special Home Edition): total 100 (at least 25 in writing and 23 in each other module)
• Trinity ISE: ISE III with a pass in all four components
• PTE Academic: 70 overall with at least 70 in the writing component and 62 in each other component *Please note that we have suspended acceptance of PTE Academic Online with immediate effect*
• Oxford ELLT (Global and Digital): 8 overall with at least 8 in the writing component and 7 in each other component

Three and a half year expiry

• C1 Advanced, formerly known as Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE)
• C2 Proficiency, formerly known as Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Your English language qualification must be no more than two years old from the start of the month in which the programme you are applying to study begins, unless you are using CAE/CPE, in which case it must be no more than three and a half years old on the first of the month in which the degree begins.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). The UK Government's website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or equivalent, that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

Approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

View approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

Your application may not be successful if you do not currently satisfy any of these requirements; alternatively, you may be offered a place conditional on your reaching the satisfactory standard by the time you start the degree.

Find out more about the University's English language requirements

Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

We also accept satisfactory completion of our English for Academic Purposes programme as meeting our English language requirements. You must complete the programme no more than two years and one month before the start date of the degree you are applying to study.

Find out more about the University's Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

English language support

The University runs a series of programmes for English Language Education, including a pre-sessional English Language Programme intended to strengthen your English Language skills before you start your programme of study.

Find out more about English language support offered by the University

Deadlines for applicants applying to study the LLM in Intellectual Property Law in 2024-25 are provided in the table below.

We monitor application numbers carefully to ensure we are able to accommodate all those who receive offers. It may therefore be necessary to close a programme earlier than the published deadline and if this is the case we will place a four-week warning notice on the relevant programme page.

Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

• You will need to submit a personal statement of around 500 words, outlining your academic history and relevant experience. Guidance on writing your personal statement .
• Degree certificates showing award of degree
• Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes (please upload the full transcript showing results from all years of study)
• A reference in support of your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme
• Evidence of English language proficiency, if required

If you are currently studying for your degree or you are not in a possession of an English test result you may still apply to the programme. Please note that it is your responsibility to submit the necessary documents.

Please be aware that applications must be submitted and complete, i.e. all required documents uploaded, by the relevant application deadline in order to be considered in that round. Your application will still be considered if you have not yet met the English language requirement for the programme.

View full detailed application guidance

Students at this University must not undertake any other concurrent credit bearing studies in this (or in any other) institution, unless the College has granted permission. The College must be satisfied that any additional credit-bearing studies will not restrict the student’s ability to complete their existing programme of study. Students will not be permitted to undertake concurrent degree programmes in any circumstances.

If you are studying at this or another institution just prior to the start of your postgraduate studies you must have finished these studies before the start of the programme to which you have an offer.

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University's applicant hub.

Application processing times will vary, however the admissions team will endeavour to process your application within four to six weeks of submission. Please note that missing documentation will delay the application process.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

• You may be offered a place unconditionally
• You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.  Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.
• Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision. View the University's guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Deferring your offer

We do not normally offer deferrals, however, we may be able to make a very limited number of offers for deferred entry in exceptional circumstances.

View full guidance on deferral requests

If you receive an offer of admission, either unconditional or conditional, you will be asked to pay a tuition fee deposit of £1,500 (within 28 days of receiving your offer) to secure your place on the programme.

Find out more about tuition fee deposits

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

University of Edinburgh admissions terms and conditions

If you have any questions about applying to the LLM in Intellectual Property Law please don't hesitate to contact us.

Key information

Llm and msc programmes.

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News and events

GenAI: Balancing innovation and copyrights & the challenges of Chile’s AI Bill

Diego Acuña Domínguez

IP expert @ Latin America IP SME Helpdesk / CEO and Co-founder at BRANDLEX. 

In the past two years, since OpenAI launched their GPT model to the users, Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) has experienced fast and exponential growth, especially in the field of Generative AI (GenAI). In this sense, on May 21, 2024, the Chilean government proposed an AI Regulation Bill, to regulate AI development. 

However, this legislation introduces changes to Copyright Law (N° 17.336), that could lead to potential conflicts between AI software developers, Intellectual Property right holders, and policymakers. This article explores the conflicts arising from this bill, specifically its implications for copyright law, and the difficult balance between innovation and the protection of the right holders.

The role of the copyrights in the development of GenAI

Generative AI has transformed industries by producing new data, text, images, audio, and video from vast datasets. These models rely on data training to function effectively, which involves analyzing large volumes of data, often protected by copyright laws. The use of copyrighted material without explicit permission raises several concerns about infringement and fair use.

Chile’s proposed AI bill introduces an exception to the Chilean Copyright Law, allowing the use of large datasets for data mining, provided it doesn’t result in direct commercial exploitation of copyrighted material. 

This exception is designed to support innovation by enabling developers to access copyrighted works for non-commercial purposes, particularly for AI training. The practical challenges that GenAI developers could face in securing licenses from every right holder whose works are included in massive datasets cannot be overlooked. The large volume of data required to train GenAI models makes it almost impossible to obtain individual permissions from all copyright holders, potentially putting developers at risk of infringement claims.

However, this could lead to tension with copyright holders, who may feel that their rights are being undermined without adequate compensation or even control.

The transparency requirement dilemma

One of the central requirements in AI regulation, as reflected in Chile’s AI bill, is transparency. Developers are required to disclose the datasets and methodologies used to train AI models. This is vital for ensuring fairness, avoiding bias, and maintaining accountability in AI systems. However, the demand for transparency raises concerns for developers about the protection of their trade secrets.

Many AI developers consider the algorithms, datasets, and techniques they use as proprietary information. Requiring them to disclose too much could expose valuable intellectual property of their core business. This creates a tension between complying with transparency requirements to foster trust and protecting trade secrets, which are essential to maintaining a competitive edge.

This conflict is not unique to Chile. In Europe, the AI Act also mandates transparency, and many developers have raised concerns about revealing too much of their algorithmic processes. The challenge lies in ensuring that enough information is provided for accountability without undermining the competitive interests of companies.

Data mining versus copyrights 

Data mining is essential for training the GenAI systems, but it presents several legal challenges when copyrighted content is involved. AI models require access to large volumes of input data, often drawn from text, images, and other media protected by copyright. The Chilean bill’s provision allows the use of this data for non-commercial purposes, but it is not always clear where the boundary lies between permissible use and copyright infringement.

One major concern is that AI systems could unintentionally generate content that closely resembles the works used in their training. While the AI may not directly replicate a copyrighted work (known as “digital replicas”), the similarity between the generated content and the original could lead to copyright infringements. This issue has surfaced in other jurisdictions such as the United States, where AI-generated outputs have raised questions about fair use and derivative works.

For example, in the European Union, the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market ( CDSM ) allows text and data mining (TDM) for research purposes but gives copyright holders the ability to exclude their works from this exception. This provides a mechanism for protecting the rights of creators while allowing AI development to continue. Chile’s proposed bill, however, is less clear on the extent to which copyright holders can control the use of their works in AI training, potentially leading to conflicts and legal disputes.

Commercial exploitation and misuse

While Chile’s bill seeks to prevent unauthorized commercial exploitation of copyrighted materials, the distinction between non-commercial and commercial use can be difficult and challenging. Developers may argue that using copyrighted works for training AI does not directly result in a commercial product, but the resulting AI model could have a clear commercial value.

Even if the AI-generated content is not an exact copy of the original copyrighted work, it could still diminish the value of the original by producing similar outputs. For example, if an AI model generates artwork based on copyrighted images, it could reduce the demand for the original works, raising questions about the economic harm to the copyright holder.

Collaboration among the stakeholders

The success of Chile’s AI bill will depend largely on collaboration between developers, policymakers, and copyright holders. A key objective should be finding a balance where AI innovation can flourish without undermining the rights of creators. This will require clear guidelines on the use of copyrighted works for AI training, along with mechanisms for compensation that ensure that creators are fairly compensated for their contributions to AI systems.

A few conclusions

Chile’s proposed AI bill presents a unique opportunity to modernize intellectual property laws in the context of AI development. However, the legislation introduces potential conflicts, particularly in relation to copyright protection and data mining for AI training. 

The balance between innovation and protecting the rights of creators will be critical to the bill’s success.

Developers will have to navigate transparency requirements without compromising their trade secrets, and copyright holders will need assurances that their works will not be used unfairly and infringed. 

As GenAI continues reshaping the future, finding the right balance between these competing interests will be essential to ensuring sustainable technological progress.

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Advanced Diploma in Public Procurement Law

Page last updated:  Tuesday, May 28, 2024

INTRODUCTION

While the European Union (EU) public procurement regime has long been in place, it has received greater prominence in recent years, in particular, following the introduction of the remedies regime in 2010, and the automatic suspension of the conclusion of a contract following a challenge.

Public purchasing is also central to the internal market and the EU procurement rules have been reformed, with three new directives adopted in 2014 and implemented in Ireland in May 2016. There is a significant volume of CJEU (Court of Justice of the European Union) case law in this area, as well as an expanding national jurisprudence. It is an important and rapidly evolving area of law.

Programme Aims and Learning Outcomes

This unique Advanced Diploma will provide participants with a comprehensive and practical knowledge of the public procurement regime, and will address a range of issues in depth, from invitations to tender, to conducting the various procurement processes, selection of tenderers, tender evaluation, contract conclusion and procurement litigation. 

Participants will also acquire an understanding of how procurement can be used to achieve innovation and promote government policies. Participants will have a thorough grounding in the differences between the utilities and public sector regimes, and the intersection between procurement law and competition, state aid and intellectual property.

On completion of the course, you should be better able to:

• Examine the legal framework in which public procurement operates and the applicable rules;
• Identify situations which may give rise to procurement litigation;
• Describe and explain current legal issues affecting the tender and evaluation process;
• Describe and explain key provisions and case law affecting this area;
• Apply knowledge to factual problem scenarios.

WHO IS THE COURSE FOR?

The course will appeal to procurement professionals, public sector and utility employees, academic and government researchers, industry, policymakers, legal practitioners, regulators and judges. It will also appeal to all businesses that undertake big or small public and private contracts.

Having a diverse group of professionals studying this course together allows participants to learn from each other, especially during tutorials and Q&A sessions.

“I would highly recommend this course to anyone working in Public Procurement. Lectures had excellent content, especially in terms of the depth of information supplied, based on procurement case law, application of legal frameworks, and relevant directives. Access to online resources was invaluable, including Moodle resources. Tutors and support staff were extremely responsive to all queries. Learnings and interaction with other students were invaluable throughout the process.” 2022 GRADUATE

COURSE DESIGNER AND LEAD LECTURER

The designers and lead lecturers of the course are barristers  Dr Catherine Donnelly SC and Michael Judge BL . 

Catherine is one of Ireland’s leading procurement practitioners. She specialises in data protection, public procurement, competition, regulatory and European law. Michael specialises in European law and practices in administrative law, commercial/chancery, general practice, and judicial review.

Course Content and Delivery 

This course takes place in an online format only, live via Zoom, with recordings of lectures available after class is over. Interactive elements such as class discussions / tutorials will not be recorded and will be cast live only.

The course takes place over approx. 18 weeks from October to April, with lectures on Wednesdays from 8.30 am to 10 am.

Course Start Date:  Wednesday, October 9, 2024

Most classes are recorded using eLearning software and made available to students for streaming via our Virtual Learning Environment (Moodle). This means that, while all students are welcome to attend class live via Zoom, most of the sessions will be recorded so that students who are unable to attend can catch up on the material by streaming the video in their own time.

All class notes are available to read through our Virtual Learning Environment. Online tutorials and IT support are available to help students navigate their way through our library and legal resource databases.

King’s Inns is built on networking and engagement. Over the year, we invite students to attend and participate in various social events, fireside chats and talks. Events take place either online or in–person.  All of this contributes to the learning experience that is King’s Inns.

Course Content

• Course overview and introduction (live session, not recorded)
• Introduction to public procurement law
• The scope of the public procurement rules
• Procedures, contracts and drafting the tender documentation
• Conducting a lawful process I + II
• Intersections between public procurement and competition law
• Innovation in public procurement and intellectual property
• Sub–threshold contracts
• Contract conclusion
• Procurement in the utilities sector
• Public procurement and secondary policies
• Public procurement litigation I + II
• Transparency in public procurement
• Public procurement: A view from the Bench 
• Seminar: Practical problems in procurement

Please note the course content is subject to change in accordance with new developments in this area.

Previous Speakers

• The Hon. Justice David Barniville
• Eileen Barrington SC
• Dr Aoife Beirne BL
• Aaron Boyle, Partner, Arthur Cox
• Kerri Crossen, Partner, Philip Lee
• Anna–Marie Curran, Partner, A&L Goodbody
• Joseph Dalby SC
• Dr Catherine Donnelly SC
• Nathy Dunleavy BL
• Joanne Finn, Partner, DAC Beachcroft
• Dr James Kinch, CSSO
• Patrick McGovern, Retired Partner, Arthur Cox
• Audrey Murtagh, CSSO
• Jonathan Newman SC

ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION

This is a professional development course and it is accredited independently by The Honorable Society of King’s Inns. The skills and competence gained in studying at King’s Inns are transferable, portable and recognised internationally. It is a valuable qualification delivered by distinguished lawyers, members of the judiciary, legal and other practitioners specialising in legal education.

To be awarded the Advanced Diploma, a participant is required to successfully complete one assessment.

Note: The timetable and assessment information are subject to change in 2024. Details will be confirmed and updated soon. 

• Course fee: €2,550. 
• You should view the fee structure, payment terms, and other charges  here >  

Barrister–at–Law graduates who are subscribing members to King’s Inns receive a 10% discount on this course. You must receive your discount code before applying. View more information here >

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS 

There are no admission requirements for this course.  A place on the highly sought–after course is not secured until the tuition fee is received in full.  Once payment is received, you are automatically accepted on the course.

HOW DO I APPLY?

Application Deadline: Midnight (Irish time) on Wednesday, September 18 , 2024

• In order to verify your personal details, you must first create an account on the Application Portal through the ‘register and apply here’ button below. Once you verify your email address in the Portal, you can then proceed with your application. 
• The application process is very short and your place on the course will not be secured until payment is received in full. Once payment is received, you are automatically accepted on the course.
• Payment can be made through the Application Portal using your credit or debit card (please make sure your bank allows you to process the full payment in one go), or 
• If your employer is paying for your studies, you will require a valid PO number in advance of making the application, the name and email address for the person responsible for payment in your organisation. 
• The invoice will issue directly to the person whose details you enter. The participant will also be able to download a copy of the invoice through the Application Portal. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure their employer has paid in full within the timeframe required in order to secure a place.  King’s Inns cannot contact your employer for payment, we can only liaise with the applicant.
• An automated payment receipt will be generated confirming your place on the course.
• Subscribing members:  You must apply your discount code upon application. It cannot be applied after the application is made. 

Receive notification when more information is available 

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WHAT DO PREVIOUS STUDENTS SAY?

Public procurement graduate 2022.

“The Public Procurement Law course was incredibly informative with a great range of lecturers from various areas of expertise. It was fantastic to have access to the insight and knowledge of each of them, and I learned a lot of valuable things from each class. I highly recommend this Diploma to anyone interested in Public Procurement Law.”

Class of 2021–2022

Public Procurement Graduate 2021

“I found this diploma course a very valuable learning experience. The materials and the online resources were great which made researching much easier. As the course was delivered online this year, with the majority of the lectures pre–recorded, it allowed me to view the lectures and study the papers in my own time. The process of submitting the assignments online was also very easy. I would highly recommend this course to anyone working directly or indirectly in the area of public procurement.”

Class of 2020–2021

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