cover letter and its importance

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Everything you need to know about a cover letter and why it's still important.

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Wondering if you really need to submit a cover letter? Here's the truth about this part of the job ... [+] application process.

Some experts say that the cover letter is dead. Others vehemently disagree. But what both sides of the fence do agree on is that dead or alive, a cover letter is still necessary when applying for a job.

What is a cover letter for a resume?

A cover letter is a snapshot of who you are and what you've done. It gives hiring managers more information about you, your accomplishments, and what you bring to the table– information outside of what your resume shows. But aside from those more obvious things, a cover letter is also a way to showcase your communication skills and personality. A cover letter is vital for demonstrating how well you relay information in writing, making it a crucial element for positions requiring verbal and written communication skills. Your cover letter also helps employers make a hiring decision about you when they’re torn between you, and another candidate.

Do you need a cover letter?

Short answer: Yes. Even in situations where the cover letter is optional, a recent poll found that 72% of hiring managers expect a cover letter, and 77% will move your resume up a notch if you submit one. In that same poll, 83% of recruiters said a cover letter could land an interview even if the resume isn't good enough.

In short, even if your cover letter isn’t getting read, it’s positively acknowledged.

In certain situations, a cover letter is necessary. When you're applying to a specific person, use a cover letter to address them individually. Also, write a cover letter if you were referred. Use it to mention the name of the person making the referral to boost your chances of an interview, especially if that person has some clout. And, of course, include a cover letter if the job posting requires one.

But aside from these specific instances … include a cover letter anyway .

What can a cover letter do for you?

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Your cover letter is your personal introduction. It tells the company a little bit about you and why you're a great fit for the company. It's your first chance to make a good impression. The cover letter is also used to set one candidate apart from another in the event of two equally qualified applicants. It shows that you're willing to expend the energy to get the position … it’s worth the extra energy.

One of the better uses of a cover letter is to explain gaps or career changes in your resume. Gaps aren't definitive rejections in the hiring process, but hiring managers want to know why there's a gap, whether that's because you lost your job or decided to take time off on your own. Cover letters can also be used to explain career changes that are not obvious steps following a natural career progression. That being said, topics like resume gaps or career pivots must be addressed clearly and briefly– the longer you focus on them in a cover letter, the more you may generate concern versus comfort for the recruiter. Remember, there’s a fine line between shining a spotlight on an insecurity and simply addressing a weakness or question they may have. Plus, in the wake of the recession and pandemic, full of layoffs and change, recruiters are more forgiving on resume gaps.

What should you include in a cover letter?

Your cover letter complements your resume. It should be no more than two pages, but one page is better because research simply affirms that the second page isn’t as likely to be read... The cover letter needs to show the employer you can meet the job requirements, why you want to work at the company, and who you are. Include an anecdote about your experience that shows how you were a benefit to your previous employers. And always end your cover letter with a subtle request for an interview like, "I look forward to hearing from you" or “I’m excited to learn more about the role,” and include your contact information of course.

Do your homework before writing your cover letter (and your resume). Learn about the company where you're applying to discover whether you’re a fit for them– or they’re a fit for you. This means doing more than a 5 minute google sweep! It means examining their competition, who is in the role you’re seeking and what their linkedin says, if there’s any public announcements on the direction the company is taking, their client roster or results… and more! Analyze the job description to design your cover letter to address key components and leverage keywords. This is necessary to pass automated tracking software (ATS) used to screen applicants. Finally, identify the hard and soft skills you bring to the position so you can highlight those in the cover letter. Every cover letter needs to be tailored to the position.

Just as a good cover letter can set you apart, a bad cover letter can hurt you. Your cover letter needs to show you put in the effort. It should show the recruiter you read the job description, understand the role and how your experience aligns with the job responsibilities, and that you know a little bit about the company. That is what will set you apart from other candidates.

So, whether one is required or not, including a cover letter with your resume remains an essential element of the application packet.

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How and Why to Write a Great Cover Letter

A cover letter is a one-page business letter that you submit when applying to a job, along with your resume. As a piece of persuasive writing, your cover letter will aim to convey to the employer why you’re a great candidate for the role.

What is the purpose of a cover letter?

Your cover letter complements your resume by making it easy for the employer to see how your experience and interest connect to the position. Your goal is to convince the employer to interview you.

With your cover letter, you’ll aim to:

• Highlight your qualifications:  You’ll show how your skills and experience relate to the employer’s needs for a specific position.
• Showcase your motivation: You’ll demonstrate your enthusiasm for the specific position and the organization.
• Reflect your voice and written communication skills: You’ll give the employer a sense of your personality and writing style.

When should I write a cover letter?

Not all jobs require cover letters. So, how do you decide whether to submit one?

Submit a Cover Letter when…

• The posting explicitly requests that you do so
• You’re applying to an opportunity at a mission-driven organization
• You think that doing so could provide important information to the employer that they wouldn’t get from your resume

Consider Submitting a Cover Letter when…

• It’s marked “optional” in an application, and you have the bandwidth to do so
• You have content that you can easily recycle or repurpose into a tailored cover letter

No Need to Submit a Cover Letter when…

• A posting specifically tells you not to submit one
• There’s no way to submit one in an application portal, and doing so would require a serious workaround

If you’re applying to several similar opportunities, creating a draft cover letter in advance, geared toward that type of opportunity, can be a helpful way to save time in your actual application process.

How do I write a cover letter?

Your cover letter should articulate your qualifications and motivation for the position. Read the job description closely and research the organization. As you craft your cover letter, use examples that demonstrate your relevant skills, knowledge, and interests. The cover letter should be concise, clear, and well-organized.

Before Writing

Research the employer.

Learn enough about the organization to articulate why you are a strong fit for that firm. 

• Review the firm’s website and LinkedIn page.
• Speak with current or previous employees.
• Read articles and social media for current news.

Analyze the job description

Look for skills, duties, and qualifications of the job so you can design your letter to match these as much as possible.

Reflect on your experience and motivation

Identify skills and personal qualities you have developed which will be useful in this role. Ask yourself:

• What attracts you about this role/company/industry?
• What have you have done in your work experiences, classes, internships, activities, projects, volunteer work, travel, etc., that is similar to the duties required of the job? 

Cover Letter Structure

As a business letter, the cover letter should include:

• Heading: Include your name and contact information in the same format as your resume
• Salutation: Address your letter to the specific individual who can hire you, if this is known. If the name is not included in the job description, address the letter to the Hiring Manager or title mentioned in the job description.
• Body Paragraphs:  Discuss your experiences, interests, and skills to show the employer how you can add value to their team. See the section below for more guidance.
• Signature Line: Include a closing and your name.

The cover letter should be one page, about three or four paragraphs, and single spaced. Use 10-12 point font and one inch margins. 

When applying online, upload your cover letter as a PDF file, unless another format is specified. When sending your resume and cover letter by email, you may write a short note or paste your cover letter in the body of your email (without the address header) and also attach the PDF file.

Cover Letter Content

Your cover letter should answer who, what, when, where and why you are applying for the opportunity. 

Introduction

State the position for which you are applying. If you have a referral or spoke with someone from the company, you can mention it in the introduction. Provide some basic information about yourself; this can include your class year and what you’re studying at Columbia. Briefly outline why you’re interested in the organization and what you bring in terms of relevant experience and skills. 

Body Paragraphs

These paragraphs will highlight your qualifications and strengths that are most relevant to the organization and position. Use the job posting and your research as clues to determine what the employer is seeking in a candidate. Have your resume beside you and reflect on what you want the employer to know about you. Are there experiences you want to expand upon that demonstrate your understanding of the role and ability to do the job requirements?

Structure the paragraphs based on relevance, not chronology. Lead with your most relevant skill or strongest experience.

Start each body paragraph with a clear topic sentence.  This can highlight a key skill set, a transferable experience, or a core area of knowledge you’ve built through your studies. Walk the reader through a project or experience, integrating the relevant skills you used and qualities you demonstrated. Provide details about your accomplishments and impact. Connect how these experiences have prepared you for this role and why you are motivated to do this job. There is no need to apologize if you feel you lack experience; focus on the accomplishments that you have.

Recap what you would bring to the organization and your interest in the position. Thank the employer for their consideration. Keep your tone positive and enthusiastic. 

Check out our example of how to structure your cover letter content . 

Editing Tips

Use our  Cover Letter Checklist to make sure your format and content is in line with best practices. 

• Ensure that the content reflects the requirements in the job description
• Keep the cover letter concise, at one page or less
• Correct any errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling
• Use the active voice
• Avoid beginning too many sentences with “I”

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What is the Purpose of a Cover Letter?

What’s the point of a cover letter? You’re already sending your resume to the hiring manager, so why do they need to see a cover letter too? We’ll explain the purpose of a cover letter and teach you some ways to write one yourself.

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Wondering what a cover letter is and if taking the time to write one is really necessary? Many job seekers ask themselves these same questions. We’re here to explain how writing a cover letter can help you in your job search.

The main purpose of a cover letter is to fill in the gaps in your resume, and give hiring managers a deeper insight into your professional background. The best cover letters act as an effective marketing tool, and the product being marketed is you .

According to a recent Resume Genius survey , 68% of hiring managers view cover letters as important, fairly important, or very important in deciding which candidates to invite for an interview. So, how you write your cover letter can determine whether or not you land the job.

Our free-to-use cover letter builder can make you a cover letter in as little as 5 minutes. Just pick the template you want, and our software will format everything for you.

Here’s how to make sure your cover letter fulfills its purpose:

Elaborate on your qualifications

A cover letter provides the opportunity to elaborate on what makes you uniquely qualified for the position and why you’re applying for the role.

Your resume already tells employers about your professional background. The goal of the cover letter is to illustrate how your experience applies to the new role . To do this, figure out what specific skills and experience the company is looking for and use examples of past professional accomplishments that demonstrate you have those skills.

If you find it difficult to fit all your accomplishments on one page, which is the standard length of a cover letter , use bullet points in your body paragraphs to make better use of the space on the page.

Demonstrate interest in the role

Your cover letter gives you the unique opportunity to explain why you really want the role , a detail you can’t fully spell out on your resume.

If you’re hoping to land a sous-chef role in a French restaurant, for example, you might tell the hiring manager that you spent a year in Bordeaux and fell in love with French cuisine.

Or, if you’re applying for a role because you’re looking for a new challenge, say that. It will show the employer that you’re driven and eager to take on the new role.

Determine what really interests you about the role and make sure this comes through in your cover letter. Are you interested in the company culture? The company mission? The technical aspects of the role? Gaining experience in a new industry?

Whatever it is that interests you most, expressing your enthusiasm can help make a positive impression on the hiring manager.

Market yourself as the ideal candidate

If you’ve done a good job elaborating on your qualifications and expressing your interest, employers will see you as a quality candidate. However, if you want to strike them as the ideal candidate, you need to target the specific role with your cover letter.

One simple way to do this is to use keywords from the job description . For example, if the role requires a strong command of Python, mention a program you wrote using Python and what made it successful.

Showing that you’re knowledgeable about the company and its needs, and that you already have a vision of how you can benefit the company is a great way to demonstrate you’re the perfect candidate.

Employers want to hear what expertise you can bring and how you plan on using it in the role.

Explain any red flags

Your cover letter is the place to explain any red flags that might appear on your resume.

Addressing potential concerns properly in your cover letter (such as lengthy employment gaps or relocation) can clear up any concerns employers might have when reviewing your resume, and helps spare you an awkward explanation in your interview.

Writing a cover letter can be challenging, but using an AI cover letter generator can make it easier to craft compelling paragraphs that give employers an insight into what makes you the ideal candidate.

How can you make your cover letter more effective?

Here are four tips for making a cover letter that gives hiring managers everything they’re looking for:

1. Customize your cover letter

It can be difficult for a hiring manager to spot a generic resume, because resumes act as overviews of your past achievements and skills. If you’re applying for three different software engineering jobs, you probably don’t need to change your resume much for each application.

However, it’s much easier for employers to spot generic cover letters . That’s because a cover letter should contain information directly about their company.

A lot of candidates miss this simple step, just because it takes extra time and effort. However, with 73% of hiring managers reporting that it’s important to tailor a cover letter to the specific role, it’s worth your time.

Include specific information about the company and role that shows hiring managers you’re serious about the job. For instance, you could mention that you’re drawn to the work culture at the company, or talk about a recent project you’re aware of. Here’s an example:

I was impressed by the ingenuity demonstrated by your company in addressing the enhancement of AI-driven recommendation algorithms, and I’m confident my expertise in this area can help you tackle future challenges.

When you’re being compared to a candidate with similar academic and professional qualifications, a customized cover letter can be the deciding factor that lands you the job.

2. Research the company and showcase what you’ve learned

Researching your target company shows you’ve put effort into your application.

For example, if you’re applying for a customer service supervisor role at a brand that’s opening a new branch, mention that you’ve worked in a newly opened store before. Explain how this experience means you’ll be able to adapt — and help your coworkers adapt — to the new workplace.

Finding ways to express how your experience and goals align with the company’s needs can make a big difference to employers vetting hundreds of candidates.

3. Keep your cover letter short

Short cover letters are actually more effective than longer ones because the hiring manager can quickly find your relevant achievements. You can even write a killer cover letter in under 150 words, as long as you make every word count by including only relevant details.

4. Find out the hiring manager’s name

Addressing your cover letter directly to the hiring manager by using their name is the most effective way to start your cover letter , because it shows you’ve researched the company.

Here’s an example of a professional cover letter salutation :

Dear Ms. Ford,

Making sure your cover letter is as personalized as possible helps you make a positive and professional first impression.

How to write a cover letter

Dread writing cover letters? Read our guide to learn how to write a great cover letter that convinces hiring managers you’re the ideal person for the job.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

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How To Write A Cover Letter For A Job In 2023 (With Examples)

• How To Write A Cover Letter
• When Is A Cover Letter Necessary
• Free Cover Letter Templates
• Cover Letter Mistakes To Avoid
• Cover Letter Tips
• How To Sell Yourself In A Cover Letter

Find a Job You Really Want In

Cover letters aren’t required with every application, but the majority of managers pay more attention to a candidate who includes a cover letter. This is especially so if you make an effort to tailor your letter to the specific position. It’s important not to just change the names and job positions, but also to show how your professional experience fits with the job.

A good cover letter greatly increases your chance of getting an interview. If you’re looking to write a cover letter, rework a letter that you have, or just want to know what’s involved in the job application process, then keep reading.

Key Takeaways:

A cover letter should be a maximum of one page long, with three to five paragraphs.

Before writing your cover letter, it’s important to reread the job description and include keywords from it.

Do research to figure out who you are addressing, and make sure to keep your greeting gender neutral if you don’t know.

Tailoring your resume to each job can help you stand out from other candidates.

What is a cover letter?

Why cover letters are important, how to write a cover letter, cover letter examples, cover letter template, do’s and don’ts in a cover letter, cover letter faq, expert opinion.

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A cover letter is a one-page document that describes your professional background, fitness for the role, and interest in the company. Cover letters are a way of introducing yourself to hiring managers in a more engaging way than resumes can.

While your resume spells out the “who, what, where, when” of your relevant experience, a cover letter fills in the “why” and “how.” A good cover letter not only expands on your resume’s accomplishments but also highlights the soft skills that make you an excellent person to work alongside.

While there are no official formatting guidelines for cover letters, hiring managers and recruiters do have certain expectations regarding structure, length, and content.

Writing a good cover letter is important because it is your chance to stand out from other potential candidates. Showing your personality while also matching the tone of the company will help recruiters to visualize how you could fit into the role.

Simply submitting a cover letter isn’t enough though. Each cover letter you write should be specifically tailored to the job you’re applying for (just like resumes). It’s essential that you show the reader that you’ve done your homework and understand exactly what function you’d be serving if hired. You do that by providing examples of past work experiences that directly relate to the responsibilities of the new job.

Cover letters are inherently unique based on who’s writing them and for what position. However, as a cover letter is a business letter, it has an expected format that it should follow. This is important because you want the hiring manager to be able to look over your cover letter quickly and understand your qualifications and interest in the position.

Here’s the standard way that a cover letter should be formatted and what to include:

The header. The header of your letter is where you should input all of the contact information for yourself and the hiring manager . Do you best to address it directly to the person who’ll be reading the letter — typically either the hiring manager or HR manager.

Traditionally, you should include both your name and address and the employer’s name and address. However, as the majority of applications are online, the employer’s address is often omitted. But a traditional cover letter’s heading would look like this:

Page Roman 444 Frog Rd. Marigold, TX, 10987 August 27th, 2021 Chris Morgan Marketing Manager New Media Company 833 Rune Rd. Marigold, TX, 10987

If you’re emailing your cover letter, you can simply include your name, telephone number, email address, and fewer address details (just your city and state will suffice). You can also include a zip code if you live in a big city with multiple zip codes.

Jessica Dancer jessica. dancer @email.email | (555)-444-3333 | Colombus, OH 43110

Be sure to use a professional-sounding email address that’s not associated with your current or past employer. It’s disrespectful to both your current employer and the company you’re applying to, and will likely hurt your chances of being invited for an interview.

The greeting or salutation. Traditionally, the best salutation would be to use Dear Mr./Ms. [Last Name]. Make sure that you know the person’s gender when doing this, however, as you don’t want to misgender the hiring manager. Using “Dear [First Name] [Last Name]” is becoming more popular for this reason, patriotically among younger workers.

Dear Mr. Morgan, Dear Mrs. Smith Dear Ms. Conner

Avoid using generic greetings such as “To whom it may concern” as it’ll look like you didn’t bother to personalize the letter (even if you did.) That particular phrase has become somewhat controversial as well, so if you need to put a generic address — if you can’t find the hiring manager’s name, for instance — use something else, such as:

Dear Hiring Manager Dear [Department] Manager Dear [Title of the Person You’d Report to if Hired] Dear [Department] Hiring Team

Opening paragraph. The opening of your professional cover letter should instantly grab the attention of your reader . Try to lead off with one of your most relevant and impressive accomplishments.

Open strong . Open with a statement other than your name or stating your interest in the position. Lead with an interesting experience or achievement that directly relates to the new position.

Convey your personal value. There are always other qualified applicants with similar skills, so it is key to express why you personally would bring value to the organization. Give specific details as to the value you brought in a previous position, and how that could transfer to the new role.

Show your enthusiasm. Recruiters want to hire candidates who are excited about the position. Express enthusiasm and convey why you are passionate about the role. This is another opportunity to share a quick personal anecdote related to the job.

Keep it short. All of these points in your opening paragraph shouldn’t be more than a sentence or two each. You don’t want your introduction to be too long, as you want the reader to be able to quickly go through your cover letter.

As a Content Writer with a passion for travel and literature, I was thrilled to see the Senior Content Writer position open up at BookFly. My past experience driving organic traffic by 23% YoY to the travel website, XTravel, would translate perfectly into the position’s stated goals from the job description.

First body paragraph. Here is where you should really sell yourself across several areas. Showcase how your personality traits, such as being honest or having the ability to work under pressure, make you a good fit.

Emphasize transferable skills. Explain how the skills you’ve cultivated make you the perfect fit for the role. This can include collaborative work you’ve done in the past, a leadership role you had that drove results, or interpersonal skills.

Revisit the job description. Make sure to pull relevant skills from the job description and put them in your cover letter. If the hiring manager spent the time to list those skills, they’re going to be looking for candidates that have them.

It also helps with applicant tracking systems that may sift through cover letters looking for keywords.

Don’t skimp on personality traits. These are especially important if you don’t have a lot of experience. Desirable skills such as ambition, dedication, and getting work done on time are good for both entry-level positions and if you’re making a career change.

I have a passion for content creation and a deep understanding of the content cycle, from ideation to promotion. My years in the digital publishing world have crafted my ability to drive killer CTR and resonate with an audience. Not only did CTR jump by 2.1% in the months after I was brought on board, but it had a knock-on effect on social media engagement, which rose by 8% in the same time frame. I believe good content has its roots in good data. This is why while at Media Company I created a content-marketing dashboard to highlight KPIs like those mentioned above. The dashboard allowed us to take advantage of wins more rapidly and avoid repeating losses.

Second body paragraph. Just as an employer wants to know why you’d want the role, they also want to know why you’d want to work at their company. Do your research and learn more about the core values of the company. Discuss how they align with your own.

Check the company’s website but also start to explore LinkedIn for greater insights. Employers want to make sure that you fit into the overall culture, and this is also something you should consider for yourself. However you feel you fit into the work culture, explain to the recruiter why. Paint a picture of how you’ll be better from the company, and how the company will also benefit.

I thrive in a fast-paced environment and excel at creating structures from scratch. I spearheaded our SEO efforts, developing workflows and systems to ramp up content production from zero. BookFly’s commitment to core values of “collaboration and imagination” aligns with my own preferred approach to tackling projects and dreaming of big ideas.

Closing. The closing of your letter is your final impression to the hiring manager, and therefore should clearly express your eagerness to take on the position. You don’t need to rehash all of the accomplishments and skills highlighted in previous sections. Consider this more of a statement of intent.

First, express gratitude that they took the time to consider you for the job by making it all the way through your letter. Then, quickly remind them of the benefits that you can bring to the role and company.

Finally, your closing should state a clear call-to-action (CTA) for the recruiter to take next, such as calling you to schedule an interview. Being confident and direct at the end of your cover letter helps to close the deal.

I look forward to learning more about how the Senior Content Writer operates within BookFly and the current content process. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Sincerely, Jessica Dancer

With thousands of cover letter templates on the internet, you want to make sure you choose the right one. Here’s a basic format of what a good cover letter will contain:

Jessica Dancer [email protected] | (555)-444-3333 | Colombus, OH 43110 Dear Mr. Morgan, As a Content Writer with a passion for travel and literature, I was thrilled to see the Senior Content Writer position open up at BookFly. My past experience driving organic traffic by 23% YoY to the travel website, XTravel, would translate perfectly into the position’s stated goals from the job description. I have a passion for content creation and a deep understanding of the content cycle, from ideation to promotion. My years in the digital publishing world have crafted my ability to drive killer CTR and resonate with an audience. Not only did CTR jump by 2.1% in the months after I was brought on board, but it had a knock-on effect on social media engagement, which rose by 8% in the same time frame. I believe good content has its roots in good data. This is why while at Media Company I created a content-marketing dashboard to highlight KPIs like those mentioned above. The dashboard allowed us to take advantage of wins more rapidly and avoid repeating losses. I thrive in a fast-paced environment and excel at creating structures from scratch. I spearheaded our SEO efforts, developing workflows and systems to ramp up content production from zero. BookFly’s commitment to core values of “collaboration and imagination” aligns with my own preferred approach to tackling projects and dreaming of big ideas. I look forward to learning more about how the Senior Content Writer operates within BookFly and the current content process. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Sincerely, Jessica Dancer

If you’re putting the cover letter in an email, you can omit putting the contact information at the top and instead include it below your signature. You want to make sure to include your name, phone number, and LinkedIn link, as well as a professional portfolio , if applicable.

Dear hiring manager: I am writing about the position of veterinary receptionist at Pet Care Clinic posted on indeed.com. I am a certified dog trainer with both Petsmart and Petco, allowing me insight into animal behavior. I’m also an aspiring novelist , making me a fast, experienced typist as well as adept with Microsoft Word and Apple Pages. Since I’ve worked at pet stores for several years, I am familiar with different kinds of animal and animal care, as well as building a rapport with pet owners. While I enjoy working with animals and my coworkers, I would like to move into a business where I can continue to learn and build on my experience. I would also like to work for a smaller business. Veterinary medicine has always interested me, and I very much enjoy learning new things. I’m eager to learn more about it in order to help customers make the best choices for their pets. I’ve always enjoyed working with animals, even before I was able to get a job that allowed me to. I grew up with dogs and cats, so I’m comfortable and familiar with their behavior. Being a pet owner myself, I’m able to understand what customers are looking for in a veterinary clinic and tailor the experience to their needs. Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Michelle Bolivar Email: [email protected] Phone: (555) 545-9706

[your contact information] [date] Dear [Hiring Manager], I’m writing to apply for the open [position] at [company] that you posted [place job ad was found]. I believe that my [relevant experience] would be an excellent fit with [company name]. I have long been interested in [specific industry/department], and particularly your company because [why you’re interested in the company/awards they have won/accomplishments]. That experience and [relevant skills] that I’ve cultivated as a [current position] for [time worked in position or industry] will be an asset to the company as it’ll make me effective [at the job/particular aspect of the job]. The [responsibilities required in the job description] will be a [challenge/interesting task] and I look forward to making use of my [relevant skills]. I excel at [working with a team/working alone] and I want to use my expertise to further [company’s] success. I am excited about the possibilities this position holds, and I believe that my qualifications ensure I’d be an asset to your team. I look forward to being able to further discuss the details of the position and my qualifications with you in an interview. Please let me know if you require further information from me. Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, [Your name] [Your contact information (if it’s an email)

Knowing the proper format of a cover letter is the most important factor, of course, but there are some additional dos and don’ts that if you follow can make your cover letter better. It’s during the editing process, it’s important to go over and make sure that you haven’t made any common mistakes that’ll hurt your chances.

Here are 10 dos and don’ts for writing a good cover letter:

Do’s:

Do start by scanning the original job posting for keywords you can include in your letter.

Do be proud of your accomplishments and make sure to highlight them.

Do clearly express why you would be an asset to the organization.

Do tailor your cover letter to every hiring manager and position that you apply for.

Do try to find unique experiences, but make sure to always discuss measurable and relevant results.

Don’ts:

Don’t feel the need to lie about your skills or accomplishments. One of the worst mistakes to make is being caught in a lie.

Don’t copy and paste a template and only change your name and job titles. Recruiters will not see the value in a plug-in-play cover letter that has been used by multiple applicants.

Don’t forget to be direct and include a call to action.

Don’t make your cover letter too long. Similar to your resume, you want the reader to sum up who you are and get a quick explanation of why you’re a good fit.

Don’t forget to proofread. Grammatical errors on a cover letter and resume are a quick way to get your packet in the “no pile”.

What do you write in a cover letter?

In a cover letter, you should mostly write about impressive accomplishments from past jobs or academic experiences that relate to the job you’re applying for.

What is the purpose of cover letter?

The purpose of a cover letter is to help a hiring manager see why your background makes you suitable for the role in question. While a resume lists achievements, educational background , and skills , it doesn’t give the reader an idea of your actual expertise or personality.

A cover letter allows you to share your approach to work, as well as your ability to communicate your value effectively. A good cover letter makes it easy for a reader to think “I could imagine this person working for us.”

How do you write a simple cover letter?

To write a simple cover letter, start with the header and greeting we outlined above. Next, state your interest in the position (give the exact job title as listed in the job description) and mention your years of industry/job experience.

To keep your cover letter simple, you can now briefly mention in 1-2 sentences or 3-4 bullet points what parts of your background are most important for the hiring manager.

Finally, thank the reader for considering your application, and sign off as usual (e.g., “Sincerely, [full name]”).

What is the best way to start a cover letter?

The best way to start a cover letter is with an accomplishment that speaks directly to your ability to provide value for the company. Other good strategies include describing your long-standing passion for the field, mentioning an important reference at the company, or referring specifically to challenges the company is currently facing.

Do you introduce yourself in a cover letter?

No, you do not introduce yourself in a cover letter. By that we mean you do not say “My name is so-and-so” — you simply jump into your background and why you’re interested in the position.

Your name can be found at the bottom of the cover letter, as well as the header, your email address, and your resume, so there’s no need to force it awkwardly into your cover letter’s opening.

How do you end a cover letter?

To end a cover letter, thank the reader for their time and/or consideration, express enthusiasm for further correspondence and conversation, and sign off with a standard closing like “Sincerely.”

How long should a cover letter be?

A cover letter should be a maximum of one page long, with three to five paragraphs. Half a page is the shortest that your cover letter should be.

Harvard Business Review — How to Write a Cover Letter

University of Washington — Writing the Cover Letter

What’s a quick cover letter tip?

Michael Akbar Vice President Certified Professional Career Coach

Use your six seconds to show the employer in a tailored cover letter and resume that you understand their pain and will make their lives better if put in the position.

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Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.

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Cover Letter Guide: Meaning, Importance, Template, Examples

Learn everything about cover letter writing & its importance. Find the steps to writing a cover letter with formatting guidelines and examples.

Pansy Thakuria

Read more posts by this author.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a written document that you send along with your resume or job application. It is used to introduce yourself, explain your qualifications, and express your interest in a job position. Its main goal is to persuade employers to consider you for the job and to highlight why you are a strong candidate.

Why is a cover letter important?

A cover letter is important for several reasons:

1. Introducing you

It introduces you to the employer and provides context for your application, helping them understand who you are and why you're interested in the job.

2. Personalizing your application

It allows you to tailor your application to the specific job and company, demonstrating that you've researched and are genuinely interested.

3. Showcasing skills

You can highlight your skills, qualifications, and experiences that make you a strong fit for the position, providing more detail than a resume alone.

4. Differentiating you

A well-written cover letter sets you apart from other applicants by showing your personality, enthusiasm, and professionalism.

5. Addressing gaps or concerns

If you have gaps in your employment history or other potential concerns, a cover letter gives you an opportunity to address them proactively.

How to write a cover letter? A Guide

Writing an effective cover letter involves several steps. Here's a guide with examples to help you craft a compelling cover letter:

Step 1: Research the Company and Job

Before you start writing, gather information about the company and the job you're applying for. Understand their values, culture, and the specific requirements of the position.

Step 2: Format Your Cover Letter

Use a professional format for your cover letter. Include your contact information, the date, the employer's contact information, a salutation, the body of the letter, and a closing.

[Your Name] [Your Address]

City, State ZIP Code Your Email Address Your Phone Number

[Employer's Name] Company Name Company Address City, State ZIP Code

[Salutation]

Step 3: Write a Strong Opening Paragraph

Begin your cover letter with a concise and engaging introduction. Mention the job you're applying for and briefly state why you're interested in it or how you heard about it.

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Board/Company Website]. With my background in [Relevant Skill/Experience], I am excited to contribute my expertise to your team.

Step 4: Highlight Your Qualifications

In the body of your cover letter, emphasize your qualifications, skills, and experiences that are relevant to the job. Provide specific examples that demonstrate your suitability for the position.

During my previous role as a [Previous Job Title] at [Previous Company], I [Achievement or Task]. This experience equipped me with strong [Relevant Skill] and a track record of [Result/Outcome], which I believe aligns well with the requirements of the [Job Title] position.

Step 5: Show Company Fit

Explain why you are a good fit for the company. Mention the company's values, mission, or recent achievements and explain how your values and skills align with theirs.

I am particularly drawn to [Company Name]'s commitment to [Company Value] and its innovative approach to [Industry/Field]. My passion for [Relevant Interest] closely mirrors your company's dedication to [Company Value].

Step 6: Address Any Concerns or Gaps

If you have any gaps in your resume or other concerns, address them briefly and positively. Explain how you've used that time for personal or professional growth.

While there was a gap in my employment due to [Reason for Gap], I used that time to [Explain Positive Activities or Learning]. This experience has further strengthened my [Relevant Skill] and my dedication to [Industry/Field].

Step 7: Express Enthusiasm and Closing

In your closing paragraph, reiterate your enthusiasm for the position and express your desire for an interview. Thank the employer for their time and consideration.

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to [Company Name]'s success and would welcome the chance to discuss how my skills and experiences align with your needs in more detail. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to possibly interviewing with you.

Step 8: Sign Off Professionally

Use a professional sign-off, such as "Sincerely," followed by your name.

Sincerely, [Your Full Name]

Step 9: Proofread and Edit

Thoroughly proofread your cover letter for any grammatical or typographical errors. Ensure that it is well-organized and easy to read.

Step 10: Customize for Each Application

Tailor your cover letter for each job application by mentioning specific details from the job posting and aligning your qualifications accordingly.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise (usually one page) and focused on what makes you a strong candidate for the specific job and company you're applying to.

Cover letter templates

Cover letter template for a beginner.

[Employer's Name] [Company Name] [Company Address] [City, State ZIP Code]

Dear [Employer's Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. As a recent graduate with a [Your Degree] degree from [Your University], I am eager to start my career and believe that [Company Name] is an ideal place for me to learn and grow.

While I may have limited professional experience, I have gained valuable skills in

• [Relevant Skill 1]
• [Relevant Skill 2]
• [Relevant Skill 3]

during my coursework and internships. I am highly motivated, a quick learner, and enthusiastic about contributing to your team.

I am impressed by [Company Name]'s reputation for [Company Strength/Value] and [Company Achievement]. Your commitment to [Company Value] resonates with me, and I am excited about the opportunity to be part of your organization.

I am eager to discuss how my skills and enthusiasm align with the requirements of the [Job Title] position. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of an interview to explore further how I can contribute to your team.

[Your Full Name]

Cover letter template for experienced professionals

Example of a cover letter

Here's a sample cover letter for a job application:

[email protected] (123) 456-7890

November 15, 2023

Ms. Jane Smith HR Manager XYZ Corporation 456 Elm Avenue New York, NY 10002

Dear Ms. Smith,

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Marketing Coordinator position at XYZ Corporation, as advertised on your company website. With a Bachelor's degree in Marketing and two years of experience in digital marketing at ABC Marketing Solutions, I am eager to apply my skills and enthusiasm to contribute to your dynamic team.

During my time at ABC Marketing Solutions, I achieved significant results in digital marketing, including:

• Managing social media accounts, resulting in a 20% increase in engagement.
• Executing successful email marketing campaigns, leading to a 15% growth in open rates.
• Analyzing web traffic data using Google Analytics to optimize online strategies.

I am proficient in using marketing tools such as Hootsuite and Mailchimp, and I have a track record of delivering measurable results.

I am particularly drawn to XYZ Corporation's innovative approach to marketing and your commitment to customer satisfaction. Your recent campaign for the launch of "Product X" greatly impressed me, and I am excited about the opportunity to be part of your creative marketing team.

Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and achievements. I am eager to discuss how my skills align with the Marketing Coordinator role and how I can contribute to XYZ Corporation's continued success.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of an interview to discuss my potential fit with your team and to learn more about the exciting work at XYZ Corporation.

Sincerely, John Doe

Cover letter for internship

A cover letter for an internship is your chance to connect with potential employers on a personal level. It introduces you, showcases your enthusiasm for the internship, and highlights your relevant skills and experiences.

An internship cover letter is like your opportunity to step into the spotlight and explain why you're not just any applicant but the right fit for the role.

Here’s an example of a cover letter for an internship application:

[Your Email Address] [Your Phone Number] [Date]

I am writing to express my strong interest in the Marketing Internship at ABC Marketing Solutions. Here's why I believe I'm a great fit:

• Recent marketing graduate with a Bachelor's degree from XYZ University.
• Solid foundation in market research, digital marketing, and brand management.
• Experience in developing and executing successful promotional campaigns as a member of the university's marketing club.
• Drawn to ABC Marketing Solutions' innovative marketing approach and commitment to excellence.
• Impressed by your recent campaign for [Company Campaign/Initiative].

Enclosed is my resume with further details. I look forward to discussing how I can contribute to your team. Please reach me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address].

Cover letter formatting guidelines

The following formatting guidelines will help ensure that your cover letter is professional, easy to read, and compatible with both human readers and ATS software.

• Use a simple and professional font like Arial, Calibri, or Verdana.
• Avoid fancy or decorative fonts.
• Stick to a 10 or 12 font size for readability, matching your resume font.
• Keep your cover letter single-spaced.
• Add a space between each section (contact info, salutation, opening, middle, closing).
• Avoid indenting paragraphs.
• Aim for a one-page cover letter with three paragraphs.
• Only add an extra middle paragraph if absolutely necessary.

Margins and Alignment

• Left-align your text.
• Use standard 1-inch margins on all sides.
• Avoid making margins smaller than ½" to maintain readability.

File Format

• Save your document as .doc or PDF for compatibility with applicant tracking systems (ATS).
• Rename your file to something specific, e.g., First Name-Last Name-Cover-Letter.doc.

Complimentary Close and Signature

Choose a friendly yet formal closing, such as:

• Respectfully

Avoid overly casual or affectionate closings.

Handwrite your signature and full name if providing a hard copy of your cover letter.

Key Takeaways

The art of crafting a compelling cover letter is essential for a successful job application. By understanding its purpose, following a structured approach, and customizing content, you can effectively showcase your qualifications and enthusiasm to potential employers.

Remember these 10 key points:

• Conciseness is Key : Keep it focused and clear, avoiding unnecessary details.
• Quantify Impact : Use numbers to showcase achievements and contributions.
• Avoid Repetition : Dive deeper into specific experiences; don't repeat your resume.
• Use Keywords : Incorporate relevant job description keywords for ATS.
• Show Genuine Interest : Demonstrate enthusiasm for the company and role.
• Thorough Proofreading : Eliminate typos and errors to enhance credibility.
• Follow Instructions : Adhere to specific job posting requirements.
• Utilize Networking : Mention mutual connections to strengthen your application.
• Customize Tone : Adjust tone based on the industry and company culture.
• Follow-up : Send a polite follow-up email to express continued interest if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long should a cover letter be.

A good cover letter is half to one page in length, containing about 250 to 400 words divided into three to six paragraphs. This word count range balances providing enough information to engage readers and maintain their interest. It ensures you effectively convey your qualifications and enthusiasm for the job while respecting the employer's time and attention.

How do you address a cover letter?

Address a cover letter using a specific name, like " Dear Mr. Smith " or " Dear Ms. Doe. " If you're unsure of the recipient's name, you can use a generic salutation such as " Dear Hiring Manager " or " To Whom It May Concern ." Avoid overly casual or generic terms, and always strive for a professional and respectful tone in your cover letter salutation.

Who to address in a cover letter if unknown?

Address the cover letter as “ Dear Hiring Manager ” when a specific name is unavailable. It's a more favorable alternative to omitting a salutation altogether, as it demonstrates adherence to professional etiquette and respect for cultural norms.

How to start a cover letter?

Here are 7 ways to start a cover letter:

• Convey enthusiasm for the company.
• Highlight a mutual connection.
• Lead with an impressive accomplishment.
• Bring up something newsworthy.
• Express passion for what you do.
• Tell a creative story (if appropriate).
• Start with a belief statement that aligns with the organization's values and goals.

What to include in a cover letter?

Here’s the list of things you must include in your cover letter:

• Your and the recipient’s address
• Contact information
• Your qualifications
• Your skills and experience
• Why you’re interested in joining the company
• Closing statement

What is the purpose of a cover letter?

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself, highlight your qualifications, and express your interest in a job position. It aims to persuade employers to consider you for the job by showcasing your suitability and enthusiasm.

How to end a cover letter?

Show appreciation by expressing your thanks (Say ‘ Thank You ’) for the recipient's time and consideration, and conclude your cover letter with a professional closing salutation like:

• Kind regards
• With best regards
• Most sincerely
• Respectfully yours

This article has been written by Pansy Thakuria . She works as a Content Marketing Specialist at Vantage Lens . Her areas of interest include marketing, mental well-being, travel, and digital tech. When she’s not writing, she’s usually planning trips to remote locations and stalking animals on social media.

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What is a Cover Letter? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning

In This Guide:

What is a cover letter, what is the purpose of a cover letter in a job application, what to include in a cover letter, cover letter format and layout, should you use a cover letter template or example, what is a cover letter - takeaways.

Asking yourself, “What is a cover letter?”

In this article, we break down for you the basics about cover letters, their purpose, and what to include in yours.

When you’re applying for a job, a cover letter is just as important as your resume in a lot of ways.  You always want to include a cover letter when you’re submitting your resume, to personalize the facts about your work history and to tailor your application to the job.

But if you haven’t written a cover letter before, it can be intimidating to figure out what to include. Don’t worry, this expert guide boils it all down into a quick read that gives you an overview and points you in the right direction to find everything you need to know about them.

In this post, we’re going to cover:

• What is a Cover Letter?
• What is the Purpose of a Cover Letter in a Job Application?
• What to Include in A Cover Letter

We also describe how you can lay out your cover letter to amp its impact, and we’ve even made it dead simple for you by including some perfect cover letter examples for you to check out.

A cover letter is a one-page document that you include with your resume as part of your application for a job. A good cover letter grabs a Hiring Manager’s attention and gets you to the next step of the hiring process.

While every job you apply for will have either a specific application form or will ask for a resume, not every one will ask for a cover letter.  But you should always include one – it’s a game changer.

The upshot is that a resume is a summary of your work and education experience, while your cover letter adds relevant context to that experience for the specific job.

A cover letter is tailored to a specific job you’re applying for, and it highlights what your qualifications are and how they relate to that role and company. You can use it to give examples of how your experiences relate to the role and show how you’re the best person for the job.

Just as its name implies, a cover letter is written in a letter format, including a greeting, three or four body paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, your cover letter should be written in full sentences, and you want to use the first-person – “I’m writing to you today to…”.

You don’t want to just rhyme off the same things that are in your resume, though.  Use your cover letter to give real life examples of how your experience, skills, or interests make you perfect for the job.

Head to our full article on the differences between a resume and a cover letter to learn more on this.

Put simply, it’s your chance to make a great first impression. It’s a tool you use to grab a hiring manager’s attention long enough that they look over your resume a bit closer and call you in for an interview.

A cover letter may not be something a job posting asks you to include, but don’t think that means you shouldn’t.  A good cover letter is always a good idea, here’s why:

• You can tell a story in a cover letter that dives deeper into your qualifications,
• experience, and interests to show why you’re the best candidate for the job.
• A lot of candidates skip writing a cover letter, so by including one you immediately put yourself ahead of the competition!
• You can introduce yourself in a more personalized way and tailor your application specifically for the job.
• You can add a bit of flair or personality that gets a hiring manager to ask you in for an interview
• It shows that you put effort into your application, which again, puts you ahead of most of the competition.

This is just a snapshot of how a cover letter can help you. We’ve got a great article for you to look over if you want to know more about the purpose of a cover letter .

Should you send a cover letter for a job?

There is no question, yes, you should absolutely include a cover letter with your application.

We’ve done our homework on this and can tell you: a majority of hiring managers need or expect a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.

Not only are they expected, but they’re a great tool for you too:

• Explain the reasons for any work gaps
• Clarify how the experience you have from other jobs applies
• Show how you fit their company culture
• Let them know why you’re changing jobs or fields

So, while a cover letter may not absolutely be necessary, they’re extremely useful, and always something you should take the time to write and include with your application.

Cover letters should usually include some of the same basic elements. We’ve put together a quick list below, but head over to our complete guide on what to include in your cover letter for a full explanation.

• A header – This is where you’re going to include all the contact info the hiring manager is going to expect to see.  You want to be sure to give them what theyère looking for.
• Opening statement – You can get right to it here and make sure this is an attention grabber.  Summarize your skills or experience and give them one good reason why it’s important for the job you’re applying to.
• Body – This paragraph should give some more details about you personally.  Employers often hire someone for who they are, not what they know; this is your time to show them you’d be a great fit on their team.
• Closing and Call to Action – You want to close your cover letter with a thanks for the time they’ve taken and a professional sign-off.  You should also let them know you’re eager to hear from them, and let them know to contact you to follow up.

Try to end with a great impression. It’s key that you know how to close your cover letter well to hit all the right notes.

A hiring manager takes about 7.4 seconds to look at each resume that comes across their desk, and there may be hundreds of those. A strong cover letter design can grab their attention long enough for them to set you into the callback pile instead of in the recycling bin.

We’ve put together the details on how you can really grab a recruiter’s attention with your cover letter design , but here’s the basics:

• Font - Always use a standard, easy-to-read font like Times New Roman or Arial. It should be 12pt or slightly bigger.
• Heading – Always use a professional format of heading, which includes your name and contact info, the date of writing, and the contact info for the person you’re writing to.
• Spacing – You want to single space the body of your cover letter, but leave spaces between the heading, the greeting, each paragraph, and your sign-off.
• Length – We know that it’s tempting to try to fit in as much as possible in the cover letter, but this is definitely a case of less is more.  You want the content to be about half a page, so shoot for between 250-400 words.

Keeping your cover letter lean can be hard the first few times you write one. Check out our article on ideal cover letter length to get more tips on how to hit the sweet spot.

If you’re already a pro, maybe you can go it on your own and write a killer cover letter.  But if this is your first cover letter, or you have any doubts, use our Cover Letter Examples to get some great ideas on how to write and format yours – we’ve got a few samples below.

Our examples cover different industries and positions, so you can fine tune the fit of your letter for exactly the job you’re applying to without trying to reinvent the wheel!  Plus, these are cover letters that work to get interviews, so you can be sure you’ve got a great start.

If you want a real head start, we’ve even got a Cover Letter Templates page where you can head to get all the basics covered for you. Head there, input your specifics, and you’ll have a winning cover letter, easy-peasy.

• A cover letter is a one-pager you include with a job application to dive deeper into exactly why you are the best fit for the job.
• You always want to include a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.
• Hiring managers get hundreds of resumes, and they fly through them - your cover letter can and should be designed to grab their attention.
• Personalize your cover letter and tailor it to the specific job you’re sending it in to, this includes relating specific skills, letting your personality shine, and getting the hiring manager’s name.
• Make sure it’s in perfect shape to get great results.  Use our Cover Letter Checklist to make sure you’ve covered all the bases and haven’t overlooked any little mistakes that could cost you the job.

• Cover Letter Guides

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What is a cover letter, and why is it important?

In today’s competitive job market, the cover letter remains an essential element of the application process. It is a snapshot of your qualifications, accomplishments, and personality, providing hiring managers with valuable information beyond your resume .

While some argue its demise, a poll by the Office of Career Education at Arcadia University in 2022 found that 72% of recruiters expect cover letters even if they are optional, and 77% prefer candidates who submit a cover letter.

 More importantly, 83% of recruiters said a cover letter could help you get a job interview even if the resume isn’t good enough.

Moreover, a well-crafted cover letter demonstrates your communication skills , sets you apart from other candidates, and allows you to explain gaps or career changes. So, whether required or not, including a cover letter is crucial for making a strong impression and increasing your chances of securing an interview.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a document typically submitted alongside a resume as part of a job application. It is a three- to four-paragraph memo that provides an opportunity for applicants to explain their interest in the job and company and highlight their skills, experience, and achievements relevant to the position they seek.

A well-written cover letter goes beyond the information in the resume, allowing applicants to delve into more detail about their professional career and demonstrate their fit for the role and company.

By effectively showcasing their qualifications, a cover letter aims to make a positive impression on potential employers and set applicants apart from other candidates.

How to write a cover letter

Creating an effective cover letter will increase your chances of getting an interview with a hiring manager. Here are 10 tips to help you make the most of your efforts:

1. Address the contact mentioned in the job advert

When addressing your cover letter, ensure it is received by the correct person – ideally using the hiring manager’s name. When you are unable to find out the hiring manager’s name, it is still crucial to address your cover letter appropriately.

Instead of using “To whom it may concern,” which can sound impersonal, there are several alternatives you can use to make your salutation more specific and professional.

Here are some examples of how to address a cover letter if you don’t know the recipient’s name:

• “Dear [Company Name] Hiring Manager”
• “Dear [Department Name] Hiring Manager”
• “Dear Hiring Manager”
• “Dear Human Resources Manager”
• “Dear [Company Name] HR Department”

When you use these greetings, you avoid assuming someone’s gender or marital status and maintain a professional tone. It is recommended to be as specific as possible, such as addressing the hiring manager for a particular department or using the company’s name in the salutation.

2.   Outline your current job situation and why you want to move on  – don’t be negative

If you are currently employed, explain the reasons for your interest in the new role in the cover letter, whether that be career progression, personal interests, or even that you are just looking for a change.

If you are between jobs or have previous employment gaps on your resume, use the cover letter to highlight the reasons for your interest, but also ensure you are upfront as to  why you have been out of employment previously.

3. Show you’ve done your research

In a cover letter, it is beneficial to demonstrate an understanding of the company’s history and its area of business. Doing so can showcase your interest in the position and alignment with the company’s goals and values.

Researching the company’s history and area of business allows you to tailor your cover letter to the specific organisation and highlight how your skills and experiences align with their needs.

When you demonstrate an understanding of the company’s history and area of business, it shows the hiring manager that you have taken the time to research and are genuinely interested in the role. It also helps you craft a more targeted and personalised cover letter, making a stronger impression on the hiring manager.

However, it’s important to strike a balance. You don’t need to provide an extensive history lesson in your cover letter but rather incorporate relevant information demonstrating your understanding and genuine interest. Focus on key points that align with the position you are applying for.

Remember to use your own words and avoid copying directly from the internet or other sources. Tailor the information to your experiences and explain how your skills and background make you a strong fit for the company and the position you are applying for.

4. State why you are interested in working for them as an employer

When writing a cover letter, it can be beneficial to demonstrate how the role you’re applying for aligns with your long-term career goals. This way, you can showcase your ambition, motivation, and strategic thinking to the employer.

Articulating the connection between the position and your career aspirations can help you stand out as a candidate. Here are some key points to consider when incorporating your long-term career goals into a cover letter:

Identify relevant goals and aspirations

Choose the career goals most aligned with the position you’re applying for. Select the ones that demonstrate a clear connection between the role and your future plans. Make sure to adjust your goals, if necessary, to match the job description and emphasise how the position supports your overall career trajectory.

Highlight previous positions

Discuss your previous roles and how they have contributed to your professional development and progression towards your long-term goals.

Share specific skills you have acquired and relevant experiences you have gained that directly relate to the position you’re applying for. This demonstrates the active pursuit of your career goals and shows that you have been proactive in acquiring the necessary skills and experiences.

Showcase how you can benefit the company

Employers want to know how the role can benefit you and how you can bring value to the company. Explain how the position will help you gain industry knowledge, enhance your skills, and contribute to the company’s goals.

Show that you have researched the organisation and understand how your abilities align with its objectives. Emphasise the mutual benefits of your career goals and the company’s mission.

Discuss your future with the company

Express your interest in long-term commitment and growth within the organisation. Share how staying with the company can provide opportunities for skill development and advancement towards your career goals.

Discuss how the company’s culture, values, and vision align with your aspirations. Demonstrate that you see yourself as a valuable asset to the company and convey your enthusiasm for a lasting partnership.

By incorporating these elements into your cover letter, you can effectively demonstrate to the employer how the role fits into your long-term career goals. This approach shows your forward-thinking mindset and aligns your aspirations with the objectives of the position and the company.

Remember to tailor your cover letter to the job you’re applying for, highlighting the aspects that resonate most with your career goals.

5. Tell them why they should be interested in you as an employee

Most top candidates will be skilled and hardworking professionals, so it’s important to consider why you would be the perfect candidate and communicate this in your cover letter. Highlight your past accomplishments and any additional skills that would benefit the organisation if you were selected to fill the position.

6. Tailor your cover letter to the job and avoid repetition

If you’re applying for multiple roles, don’t fall into the trap of reusing the same cover letter. It should be tailored to the position you are applying for and closely aligned with the job description.

7. Highlight your transferable skills, achievements, and versatility

Transferable skills can help determine your suitability for a role, so include any personal characteristics or personality traits that make you a better fit for the position and interesting to a hiring manager. If you have achieved outstanding results in a similar role, highlight your success.

8. Tailor your information, but don’t slavishly match the job description

Where your skills and experience fit the criteria, mention the crossover between them, but don’t use every word or listed skill set to describe yourself in your cover letter.

9. Make sure it’s neat, brief, and typo-free

A typed, one page and error-free cover letter is expected. If your cover letter contains spelling mistakes, your resume will very quickly find itself in the ‘no pile’, regardless of how experienced or skilled you are.

10. End by politely expressing interest in further dialogue

Invite them to get in touch or make reference to speaking further in an interview to emphasise your keenness to join the team. If you don’t hear back, email or call the interviewer.

Traits to showcase in a winning cover letter

Recruiting and hiring managers may receive hundreds of resumes and cover letters to review during the recruitment process. Your cover letter must reflect your unique capabilities, which position you as an ideal candidate. 

The purpose of your cover letter is to demonstrate the key attributes necessary for the position, so you should take the time and effort to write it well. Here are a few qualities and characteristics your cover letter should demonstrate:

Valuable:  What do you have to offer as a professional, and how could you positively affect the organisation if you were to be offered the role? Sell your key strengths confidently in your cover letter to grab the reader’s attention. This will increase the likelihood of progression through the selection process.

Literate:  There’s nothing worse than a glaring spelling error on your cover letter. A mistake in your letter suggests to the hiring manager not only that you lack attention to detail but also that you don’t care enough to take the time to proofread.

Therefore, it’s essential to make sure you check it over and have a friend do so as well before submitting it. It can be challenging to check your own work, so you could get a friend or mentor to help read your cover letter. Alternatively, you can run your letter through writing tools like the grammar checker on Microsoft Word or Grammarly.com.

A unique candidate:  Use your cover letter to display your unique combination of skills and experience that relate to the job selection criteria of the role. Provide examples demonstrating a clear link between your knowledge, experience, abilities, and the employer’s needs.

Experienced:  While soft skills, as well as academic abilities, are critical for securing an interview, your cover letter should also demonstrate your experience in relation to the job description to the hiring manager.

Be sure to include examples of relevant experience in your cover letter to highlight the value you would bring to the role and why you would be the best-suited candidate for the position. 

Enthusiastic:  A tailored, compelling cover letter shows you have taken the time to research the company and understand the employer’s needs and job requirements. It is an opportunity to express that you are enthusiastic about the role, keen to be part of the team and demonstrate the value you would add to the company.

Cover letter template

Now that you know how to ensure your cover letter is ticking all the right boxes, you are ready to start writing. Like a resume, a certain amount of personal preference is involved when writing your cover letter.

There are generally similar guidelines for writing cover letters, and candidates should choose different letter structures that reflect their preferences and the job they are applying for.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise, usually one page long, and use a simple, professional font. Format it like a business letter with appropriate sections and spacing.

Here is a cover letter template you can use as a starting point for creating yours:

Dear <<Hiring Manager>>,

I am writing in response to your recent advertisement for the ‘Human Resources Recruitment Specialist’ position. Please find attached my resume for your consideration.

I am excited to express my interest in this role and believe that my experience and accomplishments make me an ideal candidate. With four years of successful experience as a human resources recruitment specialist, I have developed a deep understanding of the industry.

My background includes working for a leading global recruitment company, where I gained expertise in both specialist and generalist roles. Additionally, I have a proven track record of working with clients from various sectors, including the private and public sectors.

In my current role as a human resources recruitment specialist, I have achieved significant milestones that demonstrate my value:

• Established strong relationships with the human resources functions of leading retail banks, earning preferred supplier status for HR and the wider business.  
• Expanded the client base by 20% year over year, showcasing my ability to diversify and attract new clients.  
• Increased the number of job placements across the client base by 45% year over year, indicating my success in finding suitable candidates for diverse roles.  
• Improved productivity and revenue by 30% year over year, contributing to the overall growth and success of the organisation.  
• Successfully managed multiple projects alongside day-to-day activities, including organising a CSR day and charity quiz, which raised $6,000 for charity while enhancing client and candidate relationships.

My experience aligns perfectly with the requirements of this role, and I am confident that I can bring substantial value to your organisation.

If you have any questions or would like to schedule an interview, please do not hesitate to contact me via the details on my resume. I am available at your convenience and look forward to hearing from you.

Kind Regards,

<<Your name>>

Looking for your next job opportunity?  Explore our open roles , or  get in touch with Michael Page’s recruitment specialists .

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• Is a Cover Letter Necessary in 2024? Do I Need a Cover Letter?

Are Cover Letters Necessary in 2024 & Do I Need One?

Asking yourself "Do I need a cover letter?" We surveyed 200 hiring decision-makers to find out if cover letters are still important in 2024.

A cover letter is an important tool that lets you show that your skills and work experience meet the employer's expectations. It allows you to address the recruiter 's needs by giving more context to your resume.

That's the kind of advice you can find all over the Internet. But—

Are cover letters still  necessary in today’s job search? 

Yes, they almost always are. 83% of recruiters agree that knowing how to write a cover letter and sending one is crucial. It gives you the opportunity to demonstrate that you are a great fit for the company you are applying for. A cover letter is important as it boosts your chances for a job.

There are many contrasting opinions on that matter—most, supported by outdated studies or reports.

To find the real, definitive answer, we surveyed US hiring decision-makers: external recruiters, in-house HR team members, and teams’ hiring managers. 

Let’s hear from those who would read it.

How Important Is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is an important component of the decision-making process among 83% of hiring managers, recruiters, and HR staff. 

In a separate question, 83% respondents claimed that a great cover letter can secure you an interview even if your resume isn’t good enough.

Bottom line—writing a cover letter can help you make up for flaws in your resume in more than 8 out of 10 cases.

Is a cover letter always required?

Even if not required, cover letters are usually preferred:

• 74% of recruitment decision-makers prefer to receive job applications which include cover letters apart from resumes.
• For jobs with a direct application process (for instance through an email), a cover letter is required 64% of the time.
• For vacancies advertised via automated online tools (e.g. job boards such as Indeed, or internal career sites), 61% recruiters require cover letters.

Should you send a cover letter if it’s optional?

Even if a cover letter is optional it can still dramatically boost your chances of landing a job:

• Even if submitting a cover letter is optional, 77% of recruiters will give preference to candidates who did send a cover letter.
• 72% of recruiters still expect cover letters even if the job ad states they’re optional.

In other words, that “optional” cover letter is pretty much mandatory in 2023.

Why is a cover letter so important?

According to HR pros, cover letters are important and useful for the following purposes:

• Explaining the motivation to join the company (63% of respondents)
• Describing career objectives (50% of respondents)
• Explaining the reasons for changing careers (50% of respondents)
• Explaining employment gaps (49% of respondents)
• Highlighting professional achievements (47% of respondents)

Expert Hint: Don’t Be Generic. Sending a generic cover letter breaks all the important rules, because: 1) It’s not tailored to the company. 2) It is not personalized to the hiring manager. 3) It tells them you are lazy and not so interested.

Interestingly, only 36% of recruitment professionals consider cover letters useful for displaying that mythical “cultural fit.” The lesson? Keep your cover letter professional and focused on your career. No need to force jokes, look for common ground with the hiring manager or get overly cute.

Do you need a cover letter?

You need a cover letter in most cases, especially when a cover letter is required in the job ad.  When the cover letter is required for a given job posting and you fail to attach one, only 13% of decision-makers will process your application.

Do Employers and Recruiters Read Cover Letters?

• 77% of hiring decision-makers said they would read the cover letter even if it wasn’t required.
• When a cover letter is required, 74% of recruiters claim they read it.

With such an overwhelming majority of hiring pros highlighting the importance of cover letters, it would seem an obvious career move for job-seekers to send a covering letter alongside their resumes. Is it that obvious, though?

Do Candidates Send Cover Letters?

According to recruiters, most of the candidates don’t.

• If it says cover letter optional in the job ad, only 35% of candidates attach a cover letter to their application.
• If it says cover letter required , only 38% of candidates submit a cover letter.

Surprisingly, no matter what the job ad says, 6 out of 10 candidates don’t write a cover letter. If you were on the fence about writing a cover letter, you should already be convinced.

In What Form Should You Send a Cover Letter?

There’s no dilemma if you’re applying via an automated system. Most likely, you’ll just have to follow the instructions and upload your cover letter or type it up in a proper field. But what about applying through email ? Should the email be the cover letter? Or do you need an attachment? Sadly, we can’t give you a perfect answer.

When you submit a job application via email:

• 49% of recruiters prefer when the cover letter is written in the email body.
• 42% prefer to get a cover letter attached as a separate document.

Pay close attention to the job ad. Chances are, the preference regarding the cover letter will be specified. No information about how to send a cover letter? No need to obsess over it. Whether you write an email cover letter or attach your covering letter to your job application message won’t make or break your chances. 

Cover Letter or Resume—What Gets Read First?

Back in the day, a cover letter served as an actual paper cover page for your resume. Its purpose was to formally introduce you to the hiring manager and encourage them to read the resume.

• Today, 36% of hiring decision-makers read a candidate’s cover letter before they review the resume. 
• 37% will read the resume first. 
• The remaining 27% will start with either document and won’t follow any particular order.

Methodology and Limitations

This survey was run by OnePoll on behalf of ResumeLab. In it, 200 recruiters, HR specialists and hiring managers were surveyed.

The data rely on online self-reports after eligibility screening. Each participant responded without any researcher administration or interference. Potential issues with self-reported data include but are not limited to exaggeration, selective memory, and attribution errors. Some questions and responses have been rephrased for clarity and ease of understanding for readers. In some cases, the percentages presented may not add up to 100 percent: this is either due to rounding or due to responses of “neither/other/don’t know” not being presented.

ResumeLab helps to make the most of your cover letters. Our cover letter generator together with cover letter templates allows you to write a perfect cover letter in just a few minutes. 

Apart from cover letters, you can also learn how to write a job-winning resume and make one in our resume builder with a matching resume template . 

About ResumeLab’s Editorial Process

At ResumeLab, quality is at the crux of our values, supporting our commitment to delivering top-notch career resources. The editorial team of career experts carefully reviews every article in accordance with editorial guidelines , ensuring the high quality and reliability of our content. We actively conduct original research, shedding light on the job market's intricacies and earning recognition from numerous influential news outlets . Our dedication to delivering expert career advice attracts millions of readers to our blog each year.

With vast expertise in interview strategies and career development, Michael is a job expert with a focus on writing perfect resumes, acing interviews, and improving employability skills. His mission is to help you tell the story behind your career and reinforce your professional brand by coaching you to create outstanding job application documents. More than one million readers read his career advice every month. For ResumeLab, Michael uses his connections to help you thrive in your career. From fellow career experts and insiders from all industries—LinkedIn strategists, communications consultants, scientists, entrepreneurs, digital nomads, or even FBI agents—to share their unique insights and help you make the most of your career.

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What to Include in a Cover Letter: A Full Guide for 2024

There’s a lot you want to say to convince your future employer to hire you. But before you start writing, learn what to include in a cover letter with our expert guide.

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How to Format a Cover Letter: Examples & Tips for 2024

A proper cover letter format can score you a few points. Read on, and learn how to format your cover letter so it won't go unnoticed.

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Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network

Issued on:  18 June 2024

Deadline: 9 July 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking experts to serve as members of the Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network (GDHCN). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.

WHO's Global Digital Health Certification Network (GDHCN) is a mechanism to support verification of Digital Health Certificates that are exchanged between participants of the GDHCN utilizing Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). These Digital Health Certificates may include:

• vaccination or testing certificates;
• routine immunization cards;
• home-based records;
• the International Patient Summary (IPS);
• health worker credentials;
• health insurance cards; and
• other types of health documents.

Through the use of open international digital health and information technology standards, and according to the Administrative and Operational Framework, the GDHCN provides mechanisms to verify the provenance of such of Digital Health Certificates.

Functions of the Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network

In its capacity as an advisory body to WHO, the AG shall have the following functions:

• To advise WHO on the further evolution and uptake of open standards for the Public Key Infrastructure within the GDHCN;
• To recommend priorities to WHO for use cases that may be operationalized by the GDHCN through new Trust Domains;
• To identify and assess relevant open standards for Verifiable Digital Health Certificates for use within the GDHCN for prioritized use cases;
• To review, provide feedback and make recommendations to the GDHCN technical documentation;
• To advice WHO on the coordination with relevant Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) in the development or iteration of relevant open standards; and
• To support WHO, advise on and suggest strategies and activities which would promote the uptake of the GDHCN based on existing experiences, resources from WHO and relevant international entities.

Operations of the Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network

• Open sessions: Open sessions shall be convened for the sole purpose of the exchange of non-confidential information and views, and may be attended by Observers (as defined in paragraph III.3 below).
• Closed sessions: The sessions dealing with the formulation of recommendations and/or advice to WHO shall be restricted to the members of the AG and essential WHO Secretariat staff.
• The quorum for AG meetings shall be two thirds of the members.
• WHO may, at its sole discretion, invite external individuals from time to time to attend the open sessions of an advisory group, or parts thereof, as “observers”. Observers may be invited either in their personal capacity, or as representatives from a governmental institution / intergovernmental organization, or from a non-state actor. WHO will request observers invited in their personal capacity to complete a confidentiality undertaking and a declaration of interests form prior to attending a session of the advisory group. Invitations to observers attending as representatives from non-state actors will be subject to internal due diligence and conflict of interest considerations in accordance with FENSA. Observers invited as representatives may also be requested to complete a confidentiality undertaking. Observers shall normally attend meetings of the AG at their own expense and be responsible for making all arrangements in that regard. At the invitation of the Chairperson, observers may be asked to present their personal views and/or the policies of their organization. Observers will not participate in the process of adopting decisions and recommendations of the AG.
• The AG may decide to establish smaller working groups (sub-groups of the AG) to work on specific issues. Their deliberations shall take place via teleconference or video-conference. For these sub-groups, no quorum requirement will apply; the outcome of their deliberations will be submitted to the AG for review at one of its meetings.
• AG members are expected to attend meetings. If a member misses two consecutive meetings, WHO may end his/her appointment as a member of the AG.
• Reports of each meeting shall be submitted by the AG to WHO (the Chief Scientist of the responsible Division). All recommendations from the AG are advisory to WHO, who retains full control over any subsequent decisions or actions regarding any proposals, policy issues or other matters considered by the AG.
• The AG shall normally make recommendations by consensus. If, in exceptional circumstances, a consensus on a particular issue cannot be reached, minority opinions will be reflected in the meeting report.
• Active participation is expected from all AG members, including in working groups, teleconferences, and interaction over email. AG members may, in advance of AG meetings, be requested to review meeting documentation and to provide their views for consideration by the AG.
• WHO shall determine the modes of communication by the AG, including between WHO and the AG members, and the AG members among themselves.
• AG members shall not speak on behalf of, or represent, the AG or WHO to any third party.
• The working language of the AG will be English.

Who can express interest?

The Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network (GDHCN) will be multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to technical operations of the GDHCN.

The AG shall have up to 20 members, who shall serve in their personal capacities to represent the broad range of disciplines relevant to the GDHCN. In the selection of the AG members, consideration shall be given to attaining an adequate distribution of technical expertise, geographical representation and gender balance.   

WHO welcomes expressions of interest from individuals with experience in the deployment and operations of digital public health infrastructure for the exchange of Digital Health Certificates in the following areas:

• Computably enforceable data sharing policies;
• Open technical specifications that support appropriate data privacy and protection measures;
• Digital (health) wallets and linkages with other verifiable credentials;
• Cybersecurity best practices for digital health;
• Open digital health semantic and syntactic standards inclusive of HL7® FHIR, the International Patient Summary (IPS), and the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC).

Individuals shall be able to actively participate utilizing the working language of the Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network, which will be English.

Submitting your expression of interest

To register your interest in being considered for the [name of the advisory group], please submit the following documents 9 Jul7 2024, 23:59h Geneva time to [email protected] using the subject line “Expression of interest for the AG on the GDHCN”:

• A cover letter, indicating your motivation to apply and how you satisfy the selection criteria. Please note that, if selected, membership will be in a personal capacity. Therefore do not use the letterhead or other identification of your employer);
• Your curriculum vitae; and
• A signed and completed Declaration of Interests (DOI) form for WHO Experts, available at https://www.who.int/about/ethics/declarations-of-interest .

After submission, your expression of interest will be reviewed by WHO.  Due to an expected high volume of interest, only selected individuals will be informed. 

Important information about the selection processes and conditions of appointment

Members of WHO advisory groups (AGs) must be free of any real, potential or apparent conflicts of interest. To this end, applicants are required to complete the WHO Declaration of Interests for WHO Experts, and the selection as a member of a AG is, amongst other things, dependent on WHO determining that there is no conflict of interest or that any identified conflicts could be appropriately managed (in addition to WHO’s evaluation of an applicant’s experience, expertise and motivation and other criteria).

All AG members will serve in their individual expert capacity and shall not represent any governments, any commercial industries or entities, any research, academic or civil society organizations, or any other bodies, entities, institutions or organizations. They are expected to fully comply with the Code of Conduct for WHO Experts ( https://www.who.int/about/ethics/declarations-of-interest ). AG members will be expected to sign and return a completed confidentiality undertaking prior to the beginning of the first meeting.

At any point during the selection process, telephone interviews may be scheduled between an applicant and the WHO Secretariat to enable WHO to ask questions relating to the applicant’s experience and expertise and/or to assess whether the applicant meets the criteria for membership in the relevant AG.

The selection of members of the AGs will be made by WHO in its sole discretion, taking into account  the following (non-exclusive) criteria: relevant technical expertise; experience in international and country policy work; communication skills; and ability to work constructively with people from different cultural backgrounds and orientations .The selection of AG members will also take account of the need for diverse perspectives from different regions, especially from low and middle-income countries, and for gender balance.

If selected by WHO, proposed members will be sent an invitation letter and a Memorandum of Agreement. Appointment as a member of a AG will be subject to the proposed member returning to WHO the countersigned copy of these two documents.

WHO reserves the right to accept or reject any expression of interest, to annul the open call process and reject all expressions of interest at any time without incurring any liability to the affected applicant or applicants and without any obligation to inform the affected applicant or applicants of the grounds for WHO's action. WHO may also decide, at any time, not to proceed with the establishment of the AG, disband an existing TAG or modify the work of the AG.

WHO shall not in any way be obliged to reveal, or discuss with any applicant, how an expression of interest was assessed, or to provide any other information relating to the evaluation/selection process or to state the reasons for not choosing a member.

WHO may publish the names and a short biography of the selected individuals on the WHO internet.

AG members will not be remunerated for their services in relation to the AG or otherwise. Travel and accommodation expenses of AG members to participate in AG meetings will be covered by WHO in accordance with its applicable policies, rules and procedures.

The appointment will be limited in time as indicated in the letter of appointment.

If you have any questions about this “Call for experts”, please write to [email protected] well before the applicable deadline. 

Related Highlight

• Terms of Reference for the Strategic Advisory Group on the Global Digital Health Certification Network

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Belmont Village La Jolla hosts UCSD retired artists for showcase

Prosecutors still reviewing cases, weighing possible charges for uc san diego protesters, la jolla scientists contribute to global study of nitrous oxide emissions, la jolla crime and public safety news: lifeguard rescue operations, blotter, ucsd develops first-of-its-kind technique for creating miniature artificial brains, la jolla light things to do.

Community Calendar: La Jolla meetings and more, June 13-21

La jolla music society’s 2024-25 season will feature music and dance luminaries in nearly 70-show schedule, ‘sacred architecture’: la jolla historical society exhibit to showcase the design behind houses of worship, la jolla light sports.

La Jolla High’s Tom Atwell completes 300-mile ride and run for breast cancer research

La jolla surfer mike hynson to be inducted onto walk of fame, high school playoff roundup: bishop’s and country day fall in boys volleyball quarterfinals, sports roundup: bishop’s and country day advance in boys volleyball playoffs, high school playoff roundup: la jolla lives up to championship pedigree with cif division i boys tennis title.