how many phd holders in malaysia

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Not long ago, Malaysian media reported widely that there were about 400 doctoral graduates from Putra University in 2021. A shock wave created in the Malaysian society which has always attached great importance to doctoral titles.

In 2016, there were an estimated 23,000 PhDs in Malaysia, or 0.07% of the population. In the next 10 to 20 years, if Putra University and other local universities continue to attract postgraduates, the number of PhDs will increase several times.

What kind of society Malaysia will then be is worthy of further analysis.

Let’s first take a look at whether it is too much for a university to produce 400 doctors a year.

Data shows that Tsinghua University, China’s top university, awarded 3,168 doctors in 2020, and Peking University awarded 1,346 doctorates in 2019 from the total pool of 29,646 students. As to Harvard University, which had 23,730 students in 2020, it gave away 1,440 doctoral degrees.

Looking back at Putra University, it had 25,628 students in 2021, including 10,047 master and doctoral students. Assuming 25% of these graduate students were doing doctorate degrees, there would be around 2,510 of them. Thus, 400 PhD candidates graduated in a single year was not unacceptable.

University of Technology Malaysia (UTM) which had a total of 24,700 undergraduate and postgraduate students in 2021, had 4,780 doctoral students. Although UTM has not announced the number of doctoral graduates in the media, it is estimated that it should be more than 800 in 2021.

Both Putra University and UTM are research universities like Tsinghua University, Peking University and Harvard University. Although different in levels, they all have a high proportion of graduate students, and the ratio of graduate students to undergraduates at Putra University is 39 to 61.

Research universities focus on various review criteria prevailing in the current global university ranking exercise such as numbers and levels of academic papers published by academic staff, the number of doctoral students being supervised and the success rate, and the research grants awarded.

University presidents who wish to compete for rankings have to encourage their academic staff, apart from teaching, to take in more doctoral students and publish more papers which will help justify their promotion.

Academic staff benefit from having doctoral students in that they can jointly publish papers. Generally, the skills of doctoral students or those newly graduated are still raw, and it is difficult for them to publish in good journals. They must rely on the assistance of their PhD supervisors to improve the quality of their papers before they could be accepted.

It may be a common concern of the academic community in the quality of doctoral theses submitted to Putra University.

Judging from the 2021QS World University Rankings, Putra University was ranked 132 in the world, and this has proven quite good results.

This has also shown that Putra University as a public university, has received substantial financial support from the government to hire high-standard teaching staff, offer research grants, and ensure that they do not have too heavy a teaching burden, and have time to take graduate students and do research projects.

According to the Director of Strategy and Corporate Relations at Putra University, the university has 1,600 academic staff with doctoral degrees and they are well-qualified to supervise doctoral students.

Before graduation, doctoral students must publish two papers and their theses need to be submitted to three examiners for assessment. In this regard, I believe that PhD degrees from Putra University are awarded in accordance with proper and formal procedures.

In broader perspective, it is important that the Malaysian public have an idea with regards to the significant change that has taken place in university education environment over the past 30 years.

Firstly, it is the popularization of universities. Taking the United Kingdom as an example, in the early 1960s, only 4% of A level graduates entered universities, and in the late 1970s, it increased to 14%. By 2016, the entrance rate had increased to 40%. Today, one in three youngsters aged 18 to 24 in the UK is a tertiary student.

The second is the corporatization of universities by which universities need to rely on enrollment numbers to obtain government funding. In 2020, the number of British tertiary students, including graduate students, had reached 2.53 million.

As a result of corporatization to attract local and full-fee foreign students, university grades have loosened considerably from what they were 50 years ago.

Today, the number of places for first-class honors degrees in many British universities has risen sharply to as high as 35%, which is in sharp contrast to the 5% places in Singapore universities that still maintain the old British system! As for the quality of doctoral theses, it is not as high as it was 50 years ago either.

People with doctoral degrees are only employable by universities, R&D departments of government institutions and large private companies. Yet, salaries of PhD holders in the UK are not particularly high, and incentives are small.

Since salaries for PhD holders and bachelors are not much different in the British social system, it is understandable why few local British are keen to spend three to five years of hard work for a PhD.

Even if you get a doctorate and go back to work in your original unit, the salary may be less than that of your old colleagues. Do you think it’s worth it?

In order to reward local students who meet the requirements for admission to the doctoral degree, the British government, on the top of tuition fee waivers, generally grant them a living allowance of 15,000 to 18,000 pounds per year. Even so, only 1.4% of the population has a PhD in the UK.

Having understood the current trend of higher education in the world and the fact that Putra University awards 400 to 600 doctoral degrees a year, Malaysians don’t have to be dumbfounded with shocks.

Perhaps you may wish to think more deeply, a doctorate is just an entry point for real research, and if you choose to engage in scientific research in the future, the days are still long! If you don’t engage in scientific research, it is also beneficial to have more doctorate holders to contribute to the entire society.

When there are large numbers of doctors in Malay society, more than the number of places that can be accommodated by the tertiary institutions, the already bloated government administration and government-linked companies, it is inevitable that they will have to work hard alternatively to make an honest living to support their family.

Once many Malay PhD doctors cannot get preferential treatment from the current racial favoritism policy, they will feel that there is no need to continue to support such racial policy.

After all, they are highly educated and socially conscientious. If politicians’ distorted and deceitful tactics can only intimidate and fool the lower level rural and urban civilians, they can see it clearly.

( Wong Tai-Chee has his B.A and M.A degrees in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Paris, and earned his PhD in Human Geography from the Australian National University. After teaching 20 years in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, he retired in 2013. He then worked as Distinguished Professor for two years at Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, China, and as Dean and Professor at the Southern University College, Johor until the end of 2018. He was Visiting Professor to University of Paris (Sorbonne IV), Visiting Fellow to Pekin University, Tokyo University and University of Western Australia. His main research interests are in urban and economic issues, and more recently on Malaysian politics. Besides his 15 self-authored and edited book volumes, he has written over 100 academic articles and published widely in international journals.)

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the official magazine for Scientific Malaysian

The PhD graduate’s quandary in Malaysia: where are all the jobs?

by Dr. Alicia Izharuddin

One of the films that best allegorises the experience and purpose of pursuing a PhD degree is the sublime 2012 documentary Jiro Dreams of Sushi directed by David Gebb. Jiro, regarded by food critics and fans alike as the world’s greatest sushi chef, has spent decades mastering the art of preparing the best rice and fish for sushi. The film succeeds in portraying Jiro’s doggedness and passion that drove his initially unrewarding process of learning. After 50 years of learning – and Jiro is still learning – he is the master of something quite specialised, respected by the greatest of connoisseurs.  

In many ways, Jiro’s journey into sushi-making is much like that of pursuing a PhD. It belongs to the ‘old world’ of apprenticeship; you don’t just get a degree after some years that signifies you as an expert. Rather, the end of the apprenticeship heralds a new beginning of more hard work and few rewards. It’s not about the money, but about the endlessness of inquiry and curiosity.  

Getting a PhD – What Does It Really Mean?

For the general populace, the idea is chiefly quantitative: it seems to be better to have more academic qualifications. While the boost in social status that comes with possessing a PhD may be an attractive (but short term) incentive, the opportunities for sustaining such a status through employment may sometimes be elusive in Malaysia.

Current trends in Malaysia, however, appear to be unconcerned about job scarcity. Instead, there has been a big push towards producing more PhD holders. The Malaysian government’s quantitative approach to PhDs is manifested in the uniquely named MyBrain15 programme[1], which aims to produce 60,000 PhDs by 2023. While this approach is excellent in boosting access, it is chiefly quantitative, mechanistic, and may be driving PhD holders off a cliff into the abyss of potential unemployment.

So far, the MyBrain15 programme appears to progress as going to plan; those enrolled are mostly already affiliated with Malaysian universities. Upon completion of their studies, they will rejoin their employer armed with the talismanic title ‘Dr.’. This transition up the grade scale may facilitate those already within the university, but it is a closed-door policy for PhD holders who are not funded by MyBrain15. Furthermore, job vacancies for doctorate holders in Malaysian universities are less forthcoming about job description and salary scales. Despite this, competition for coveted full-time appointments is stiff.

Findings from a recent survey conducted by Scientific Malaysian[2] has found that over 73% of Malaysian PhD graduates in the sciences wish to pursue a career in academia, with almost 60% of them fairly confident that they will be successful in doing so. The survey reveals personal snippets of ambition and sheer optimism that characterise the reasons why respondents stay on to do a PhD. Some respondents believe there are plenty of jobs in industry and Malaysian academia, much like those in developed countries.

However, the employment trend for PhDs in developed countries is rather grim. In the US, UK, and Australia, the job market bottleneck for qualified PhDs has been described as a crisis[3]. In more alarming terms: there are too many scientists[4] and not enough jobs. The Royal Society in the UK found that only 3.5% of science PhD graduates remain in long-term academic employment. Fewer than 0.5% eventually become professors. In Australia, only 1 in 8 of such graduates[5] get the research job they desire. Suffice to say, respondents of the Scientific Malaysian’s survey who wish to go abroad for work will benefit greatly from studying these trends.

Notwithstanding this grim state of affairs, PhD graduates (with teaching, supervision, and administrative experience plus multiple publications) who have the resilience and determination to apply for at least 50 positions in academia, will eventually get a job though not necessarily what they had expected or desired. Meanwhile, there is no new data on how long graduates stay employed in Malaysian academia, including those who will become professors. Will the PhD bottleneck found in the US, UK, and Australia exist in Malaysia? If the survey’s respondents are generally positive about their job prospects, what makes Malaysia different from the other countries mentioned?

Academia or Industry?

Post-PhD employment is characterised by a shortage of permanent positions, but with more short-term contracts as full or part time research associates or postdoctoral research fellows and sessional lecturers. There are certainly alternatives to the traditional academic appointment. Some PhD holders, exhausted by the demands of an academic lifestyle, take another route into professional consulting in higher education and international development, or politics; Angela Merkel and Manmohan Singh are a few examples of world leaders with a real PhD.

There is a view that working in industry after completing one’s doctoral studies constitutes a ‘failure’. This view is not an unfounded one; the PhD is essentially a research apprenticeship to train an individual in the rigours of scholarship and the art of surviving in academia such as networking and management. If the endpoint of such an apprenticeship is not about producing original and exciting research, what was the point of slogging through 4 to 6 years of poverty and exploitation as a student?

Suggestions have been made in the UK on preparing PhD graduates for employment in industry and elsewhere outside academia. Transferable and ‘real world’ skills developed during one’s doctoral training are always useful in other skilled professions; such as administration and management (through seminar, conference and workshop organising), communication skills (via presentations, teaching, and supervision), and fundamentally, research abilities (in analysis, writing, and data processing). It is easy to overlook these broad valuable skills when the doctoral training is assumed to produce scientists who are only experts in narrow and highly specialised knowledge.

Research in Malaysia

The news that two top Malaysian institutes[6]have declined to be assessed by the 2014-2015 Times Higher Education global university index does not bode well for early career researchers. Indeed, world university rankings have their limitations[7]but such a refusal speaks volumes of the lack of engagement by Malaysia’s most established universities with the discourse of higher education on a global level.

Poor command of English[8] (and the apparent lack of will to improve) has been cited as an obstacle to producing high impact research in Malaysian universities. This is a curious conundrum worth investigating: why is the level of English deemed poor in Malaysian universities despite being one of the most spoken and written languages in the country? To be fair on academics, the practice of writing is difficult, a skill that has to be developed and mastered over a period of time. That crucial period is the time spent during the doctoral training and supported by on-campus departments specialised in academic career development.

Research in Malaysia is also largely hidden from public purview. The mystique of research could have a more damaging effect on Malaysian academia and industry than good. It conceals the tax-paying public from appreciating the impact of research. Opening up Malaysian academia to scrutiny by independent auditors of universities will reveal a range of weaknesses beyond those conjectured here and in reports elsewhere.

The linear progression of academic attainment in higher education needs to be dismantled for a more fluid and qualitative understanding of what the PhD is for. The PhD may be talismanic and its bearer may enjoy the social capital it brings. But in these highly competitive times, many will question the value of spending years in the wilderness of academia as a novice researcher. When confronted by the criticisms of the length and value of the PhD, it is comforting to take refuge in the grit and wisdom of Jiro the sushi chef.

This article first appeared in the Scientific Malaysian Magazine Issue 10. Check out other articles in Issue 10 by downloading the PDF version for free here:  Scientific Malaysian Magazine Issue 10 (PDF version)

[1] https://biasiswa.moe.gov.my/MyBrain15/v2/

[2] http://www.scientificmalaysian.com/groups/scientific-malaysia-support-group/forum/topic/career-expectations-survey/

[3] http://goo.gl/IhqIPO

[4] http://goo.gl/7wMwID

[5] http://goo.gl/0sXl7A

[6] http://goo.gl/rUUz5H

[7] http://goo.gl/2l3fgI

[8] http://goo.gl/Iyq5gH

About the Author

DR. ALICIA IZHARUDDIN has a PhD in Gender Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. She also holds a first class bachelor’s degree in Molecular Biology from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Find out more about Alicia at http://www.scientificmalaysian.com/members/aliciaizharuddin/

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• Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine: Facilitating translational biomedical research in Malaysia
• Event Report: Science@Malaysia 2014
• PhD – getting it the Kiwi way!
• A PhD Down Under: Doctorate Studies in Brisbane

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Aim to churn out 60,000 PhD holders by 2023 by Higher Education Ministry remains

Published by Afterschool.my on Nov 02, 2016 , 10:52 am

The Higher Education Ministry is committed towards its goal in producing 60,000 doctorate holders by 2023 to produce a more highly-educated peoples and ensure that the nation's need for research and innovation is met.

Minister of Higher Education Datuk Seri Idris Jusoh said there are currently 23,000 PhD degree holders.

“As of Sept 30, a total of 54,035 students had been provided scholarships under the MyBrain15 initiative, at a cost of RM800.2 million. The scholarships will continue to be given out and under the 11th Malaysia Plan, RM500 million had been allocated for the purpose,” he said.

He noted that PhD degree sponsorship programmes are also offered by the Public Service Department (JPA), Majlis Amanah Rakyat (Mara), Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Mardi), Education Ministry, Health Ministry and Khazanah Nasional Bhd (Khazanah).

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• PhD Study in Malaysia – A Guide for 2024

Written by Mike Davies

One of the fastest growing economies in the region, Malaysia is quickly becoming a hub of business and research in Southeast Asia.

In recent decades Malaysia has experienced an exciting evolution of the higher education facilities in the country, with publicly funded universities, private institutions and branches of overseas universities now forming a rich educational landscape.

A PhD in Malaysia will expose you to one of the fastest growing and most vibrant countries in Southeast Asia. From the PhD process to student visas, this guide will get you prepared to start looking for PhD courses in this exciting country.

PhD opportunities in Malaysia – what’s on offer for 2024?

The Malaysian government is eager to attract talented international postgraduate students to local universities. This has led to most university instruction being conducted in English and over 100,000 international students currently studying in Malaysia.

The Malaysian government is especially keen to encourage research into areas that offer technological advancement to the country, meaning fields such as Science and Engineering receive significant government support. On the other hand, Malaysia’s natural resources and biodiversity are a great boon to those studying topics in Ecological, Medical and Natural Science fields.

There are many good reasons for studying a PhD in Malaysia:

• Rapidly growing economy – The Malaysian economy is currently thriving, and its success has been funnelled into education, research and development
• Affordable – Despite the rapid economic growth the cost of living is still very reasonable. Programme fees are also significantly lower than countries such as the UK and Australia
• World class universities – Malaysia maintains high standards for universities, ensuring internationally recognised education.
• Peace and prosperity – Along with a strong economy Malaysia is ranked as one of the most peacful countries in the world, making for a great environment for study.

Pick the right programme for you

There are lots of choices, let us help you to make the right one. Sign up to our weekly newsletter for the latest advice and guidance from our team of experts.

Malaysian universities

It is the intention of Malaysia to become one of the go-to centres for higher education, and with the University of Malaya and other institutions performing well in international rankings, it is rapidly achieving this aim.

Malaysia’s higher education system is comprised of both private and public universities as well as several branch campuses of international institutions. The quality of all university research programmes is maintained by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA).

• Public universities - These are funded by the government but remain autonomous, managing all aspects of teaching, research and administration. Public universities are currently the most successful when it comes to both national and international rankings
• Private universities - A relatively new form of higher education provider, private universities were first established with the passing of a higher education act in 1996. They are funded by private organisations, but their educational quality is still monitored by the MQA to ensure it meets the required standards
• International branch campuses - An increasingly common phenomenon in Malaysia, branches of international universities are evidence of the country's drive for international collaboration. The programmes offered by these branch campuses may be accredited by the Malaysian host university or the overseas partner, but this varies between such campuses

University rankings

The efforts made by Malaysia towards becoming a world-renowned higher education provider is reflected in the university rankings, with several being ranked in the top 300 universities worldwide by the QS world rankings. This is all the more impressive as the higher education sector in Malaysia is relatively small on the international scale.

Do rankings matter for PhD study?

University rankings can help you choose a PhD project or programme, provided you know what to look at. Our guide explains how to use rankings as a prospective postgraduate.

What do PhD courses in Malaysia look like?

A PhD in Malaysia can take between three and five years, but it is often closer to three years, especially since most scholarships are often only awarded for this shorter period.

Research based

Most PhD courses are not as heavily structured as those in some other countries. You will find that you will largely be expected to conduct independent research into your chosen project. Over the course of your study you will be required to also give regular seminars on your progress.

Depending on the university to which you apply, you may need to complete a number of taught modules as part of the programme. Some universities may also expect you to publish your findings in a peer reviewed journal before they will award you a doctorate.

The final test of a PhD candidate in Malaysia is similar in structure to many other countries. In order to obtain your doctorate, you will need to produce a thesis on the subject of your research. This thesis must satisfy the examiners that it contains original work, and that it relates this to the existing body of knowledge.

You will also need to deliver a seminar on the key findings of your thesis to several experts in your field. During this seminar you will have to defend these findings and demonstrate that your subject knowledge is sufficient for the award of a doctoral degree.

PhD life in Malaysia

Sporting the tagline ‘truly Asia’, Malaysia is home to an estimated 20% of all animal species and four UNESCO world heritage sites. As a postgraduate student in Malaysia you will have the opportunity to experience a vibrant country rich in history and culture. For more information about living in Malaysia , why not check out our living guide.

Fees and funding

The fee structure in Malaysian public universities can be fairly complex so it is worth spending a bit of time researching the costs involved. In general, however, doctoral education in Malaysia is offered at lower costs that in the UK, USA or Australia.

The total cost of the programme will depend on the length and the subject studied but you can expect the university fees for a three-year PhD around MYR 65,000 (USD $13,900). This could be more or less depending on the institution.

A variety of funding packages are also available for your studies in Malaysia. From scholarships, to financial aid to teaching and research assistantships you have many options for covering the costs incurred in the course of your PhD.

PhD scholarships in Malaysia

In order to encourage international talent, there are many scholarships available to help with both tuition fees and living expenses. These scholarships may be funded by the Malaysian government, private institutions or the universities themselves.

It is worth checking with the institution you are applying to for the most up to date list of available scholarships.

Malaysia International Scholarship (MIS)

A government-funded initiative to attract talented graduate students to Malaysia. This scholarship is open to all international students with excellent academic records including a Masters degree in a field related to the PhD they intend to study.

In order to obtain this scholarship, you will need to present a research proposal that aligns with the interests of the Malaysian government therefore this scholarship tends to be focused on the Sciences , Engineering and Communications Technology.

This award covers relocation to Malaysia, university fees and a monthly stipend to help with living expenses for three years.

Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan

Similar in benefit to the Malaysia International Scholarship, this award is available to students from commonwealth countries. As with the MIS, you will need a Masters degree in a related field and be able to justify your research proposal in order to be eligible for this award.

Find out more about the Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan .

Malaysian Technical Cooperation Programme Scholarship (MTCP)

This award provides opportunities for international students to pursue advanced academic study in Malaysia. This scholarship is a bilateral agreement between Malaysia and other countries and is available on a government-to-government basis.

As with other scholarships, eligibility for this award depends on a Masters degree in a related field, and projects are restricted to a number of priority study areas, focused around Science, Engineering, Health and Finance.

As a recipient of this award you will be expected to make significant contribution to your home country after you complete your doctorate.

Find out more about the Malaysian Technical Cooperation Programme Scholarship (MTCP) for Postgraduate Studies .

University scholarships

Universities may award scholarships based on academic merit and following the recommendation of the host department/research centre. These usually include tuition fees (sometimes excluding other fees) and a stipend.

Teaching and research assistantships

Another way of funding your studies is to work for the university at which you’re studying for your doctorate. This can be done in the form of a teaching or research assistantship; the university will subsidise the cost your tuition in lieu of payment for your work.

You undertake teaching and / or research duties within their institution. You may be asked to keep office hours and to mark exam papers which will be time spent away from your PhD. However, you will also gain academic experience and may be involved directly in the research work of senior members of staff.

Alternatively, you may be expected to hold the role of a research assistant while studying for your PhD. So long as you can fulfil these conditions without it affecting your ability to complete your studies it is a good way to have your fees to wholly or partially subsidised.

Applying for a PhD in Malaysia

PhD courses in Malaysia can generally start throughout the year but some universities will stipulate two intake periods, in July and February.

There is no centralised postgraduate application agency in Malaysia. Applications are made directly to the individual universities (or even individual Graduate Schools) using an application form or via their websites (if a form is available online).

You can apply to more than one university but make sure you know what you should supply in your application as it varies from institution to institution. Some will only require a letter while others will want a complete academic history and research plan.

Academic results

In order to apply for a PhD project at a Malaysian university you will generally be required to hold a Masters degree in a relevant field and demonstrate research experience. A first class Bachelors degree may also be accepted by some universities, but many will also require you to have several peer reviewed publications.

In disciplines such as Management or Business, applicants may also be asked to demonstrate readiness for graduate study through specific entry examinations (e.g. GRE or GMAT ).

Research proposal / statement of objectives

It is common practice to submit a research proposal (or at least an abstract of your proposed research) when applying for a PhD. This should comprise a short synopsis of the background, objectives and proposed methodology of your prospective research project.

A small number of institutions (e.g. Asia e University) do not require you to supply a research proposal or to identify prospective supervisors when you apply. You will then be assigned a supervisor by the institution and you will develop your thesis proposal while at the institution.

How do I write a PhD research proposal?

The research proposal is an important part of any PhD application, regardless of where you choose to study. Take a look at our guide for some tips and advice on putting yours together.

Language proficiency

Higher education in Malaysia is almost always conducted in English. If English is not your native tongue and your previous degree(s) were not taught in English you will be required to submit scores for either the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS) as evidence of your proficiency.

Don’t think that the study being in English will prevent you from learning another language though. If you are not originally from Malaysia you may be required to attend and complete a course in Bajasa Malaysia (Malaysian language) to a satisfactory level. Often such courses will be conducted at the university that you’re attending and passing this course may be a condition of the doctorate.

Health requirements

Health requirements are often part of the admission process and public universities will have strict restrictions. You may need to, at your own expense, provide a medical report that attests to the fact that you are in good health.

Some conditions will not exclude you from applying but you will need to demonstrate that they will not affect your ability to complete your study.

Student visas

In order to study for a PhD in Malaysia as an international student you will need to go through the immigration procedure. This involves first applying for a Visa Approval Letter (VAL) from the Malaysian Immigration Department.

Once you have obtained a VAL you can arrange to travel to Malaysia where you will need to present this document to the authorities when you arrive. Your passport will then be stamped allowing you to remain in the country to apply for your Students Pass .

You’ll usually apply for the Student Pass through your Malaysian university, which will then be processed by the Malaysian Immigration Department.

In order to acquire a Student Pass you will need:

• A copy of your passport
• An offer letter
• Health declaration form
• Your academic certificates and transcripts
• Personal bond (this is through the university)
• English language test

The student pass processing fee is MYR 1,060 (USD $240) and is non-refundable, though some institutions are entitled to rebates. You may also have to pay MYR 579 for subsequent document processing, which is refunable in the event of an unsucessful application.

If you would like more information, the Education Malaysia Global Services website has more on visas and immigration for international students wishing to study for a PhD in Malaysia.

Despite Malaysia only recently starting to grow its higher education sector, many of the universities are already performing well against regional competitors and some are now even recognised on the global stage. This, combined with the rapid economic growth, makes for a very attractive country for hi-tech industries and businesses.

A PhD from a Malaysian university lends itself to exciting employment prospects both in Malaysia and internationally.

Find a PhD in Malaysia

Want to start your PhD journey in Malaysia? Why not take a look at the PhD projects in Malaysia we have listed. Alternatively, you can view our other guides to PhD study abroad .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

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What's it like to live in Malaysia during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

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Number of PhD grads in line with other leading research universities, says UPM corporate relations director

Wednesday, 19 Jan 2022

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PETALING JAYA: Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) has denied that the number of PhD graduates from its recent convocation in early January is "too many".

UPM Centre for Strategic and Corporate Relations director Prof Dr Azmawani Abd Rahman said the number of PhDs issued by UPM recently – 398 – was the usual issued by research universities.

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Lecturer profession in malaysia: debunking myths, revealing realities.

By: Tengku Adrian Ismail

THE perception that the job of lecturers in Malaysia is relaxed and the pay is high can vary depending on several factors, including individual experiences, perspectives, and comparisons with other professions and countries. While some argue that they are adequately or even to the extent of overly remunerated for their expertise and contributions to academia, others contend that their salaries do not reflect the level of education, experience, and responsibilities they hold.

Before delving into the specifics of lecturer salaries, it is crucial to establish what constitutes being “well paid.” Beyond mere monetary compensation, it encompasses factors such as the ability to meet basic needs, enjoy a comfortable standard of living, and have financial security for the future. Additionally, recognition of expertise, job satisfaction, and opportunities for career advancement are integral components.

In Malaysia, university lecturers typically hold either a Master’s degree or a PhD. There’s a prevailing perception that those with PhD qualifications command higher salaries due to their advanced expertise and research capabilities. While this holds true to some extent, the disparity in pay between Master’s and PhD holders may vary depending on several factors, including institution type, experience level, and field of specialisation.

Experience often plays a pivotal role in determining lecturer salaries. Senior lecturers, with years of teaching, research, and administrative experience, tend to earn more than their younger counterparts. However, the gap between junior and senior lecturers’ salaries might not always be proportionate to their contributions and expertise, leading to disparities in compensation that are perceived as inequitable.

Another dimension to consider is the distinction between lecturers employed at public and private universities. Public university lecturers may be presumed as enjoying better packages and benefits compared to their counterparts in private institutions. This discrepancy can be attributed to differences in funding sources, organisational structures, and government policies regulating higher education.

New Lecturers with PhD vs. Government Staff

The perceived disparity in salary between new lecturers with PhDs starting at Grade 51 and other Malaysian government staff commencing at Grade 41 underscores systemic issues within the academic sector. Despite possessing advanced qualifications and specialised skills, new lecturers may find themselves at a lower pay scale compared to their counterparts in other government positions. This incongruity raises concerns about the valuation of academic expertise and the need for comprehensive reforms in remuneration policies.

While salaries can vary based on location, institution type, and specialisation, there are regions and institutions globally known for offering higher pay. Universities in the United States and Canada, including Ivy League schools and prestigious liberal arts colleges, typically offer competitive salaries due to robust funding and endowments.

In Europe, countries like Switzerland, Germany, and Nordic nations have well-funded higher education systems, with cities like Zurich, Munich, Stockholm, and Copenhagen being particularly attractive for academics seeking lucrative positions.

In the Middle East, nations such as Qatar, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia have invested significantly in their higher education sectors, offering competitive salaries, tax-free income, and generous benefits to attract talent from around the world.

Closer to our home country, the Asia-Pacific region sees countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Australia becoming sought-after destinations for academics due to competitive salaries, research opportunities, and professional development prospects in universities.

In addition, certain specialised institutions, such as business schools, medical schools, and technology-focused universities, may offer higher salaries to attract top talent in specific fields, leveraging substantial resources and industry partnerships.

Comparison to Malaysia

While Malaysia has its own higher education system and offers lecturer positions, the salaries and benefits may differ from those in the regions mentioned above. Malaysia may not always offer salaries as high as those in North America, Europe, the Middle East, or certain Asia-Pacific countries. However, Malaysia provides its own unique advantages, such as cultural diversity, lower cost of living, and potential opportunities for research and collaboration in specific fields.

Being a professor: The Ideal Occupation for Riches and Status?

In popular culture and societal perceptions, the title of “professor” often conjures images of intellectual prestige, academic accomplishment, and financial prosperity. However, the reality of academic life may not always align with these idealised notions. While some professors indeed enjoy comfortable salaries, recognition for their expertise, and esteemed positions within their fields, others may face financial constraints, job insecurity, and limited opportunities for advancement.

Perceptions of Riches

Intellectual Prestige: Professors are revered for their intellectual prowess, scholarly achievements, and contributions to knowledge generation and dissemination. The title of “professor” carries with it a certain level of respect and admiration within academic circles and society at large.

Job Stability: Tenured professorships offer a degree of job security and stability that is rare in many other professions. Tenure provides academic freedom, allowing professors to pursue research interests and express controversial opinions without fear of reprisal.

Competitive Salaries: In some cases, professors at prestigious universities or in high-demand fields may command competitive salaries, supplemented by consulting fees, research grants, and royalties from published works. These individuals may enjoy a comfortable standard of living and access to perks such as sabbaticals, travel grants, and conference attendance.

Perceptions of Status

Influence and Leadership: Professors often occupy influential positions within academia, serving as mentors, advisors, and thought leaders in their respective fields. They may also hold leadership roles within academic departments, research centres, or professional societies, further enhancing their status and visibility.

Public Recognition: Professors who achieve significant research breakthroughs, publish widely-cited papers, or receive prestigious awards and honours may garner public recognition and acclaim, elevating their status within the academic community and beyond.

Legacy and Impact: Professors have the opportunity to leave a lasting legacy through their teaching, research, and mentorship activities. Their work may shape the direction of their field, inspire future generations of scholars, and contribute to societal progress and innovation.

Myths of the Lecturer Profession in Malaysia

Lucrative Salaries: One common myth surrounding the lecturer profession in Malaysia is the perception of lucrative salaries. While some individuals may assume that university lecturers enjoy high incomes, the reality is that lecturer salaries vary significantly depending on factors such as qualifications, experience, institution type, and funding availability. Many lecturers, particularly those in entry-level positions or employed at private institutions, may face financial constraints and modest remuneration packages that do not align with the myth of substantial wealth.

Job Security: Another prevalent myth is the notion of guaranteed job security for lecturers in Malaysia. While tenured positions at public universities offer a degree of job stability, many lecturers work on short-term contracts or as adjunct faculty, facing uncertainties regarding their employment status and future prospects. The myth of ironclad job security may lead some individuals to overlook the challenges of securing long-term employment within academia and navigating the competitive academic job market.

Minimal Workload: There is a misconception that lecturers have minimal workloads and enjoy ample free time outside of teaching hours. In reality, lecturers often juggle multiple responsibilities, including teaching, research, administrative tasks, student supervision, and community engagement. The demands of academia can be intense and require lecturers to manage their time effectively to balance competing priorities. The myth of a light workload overlooks the dedication and effort required to excel in the lecturer profession.

Prestige and Glamour: Some individuals may perceive the lecturer profession as glamorous and prestigious, characterised by intellectual acclaim, public recognition, and esteemed status within society. While lecturers certainly play a vital role in shaping the minds of future generations and advancing knowledge, the realities of academia may not always align with perceptions of glamour and prestige. Lecturers face pressures to publish research, secure funding, and navigate bureaucratic processes, often without the fanfare or public attention associated with other professions.

Limited Career Opportunities: Contrary to popular belief, the lecturer profession offers diverse career opportunities beyond traditional teaching roles. Lecturers may pursue career paths in research, academic administration, curriculum development, corporate training, consulting, and entrepreneurship. However, the myth of limited career opportunities within academia may dissuade individuals from exploring the full spectrum of possibilities available to them.

The job of lecturers in Malaysia presents a multifaceted landscape characterised by varying factors. The workload, encompassing teaching, research, administrative duties, and more, demands a balancing act, especially during peak periods. While lecturer salaries in Malaysia may offer some level of competitiveness compared to other professions, considerations such as the cost of living and purchasing power parity need to be factored in.

Continuous professional development is integral for lecturers to stay current in their fields, but it requires additional time and effort. Lecturers also face challenges and pressures inherent to the profession, including meeting academic standards, securing funding, and navigating institutional dynamics, which can affect job satisfaction and perceived workload.

The perception of lecturers enjoying a relaxed job and high pay may not always align with reality, as it can be influenced by societal attitudes and limited understanding of the profession’s demands. Many a time, the reality often entails hard work, dedication, and continuous professional development. After all, a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor.

Note: The viewpoint presented belongs exclusively to the author.

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Malaysia Produced 5.92 Million Graduates In 2022, With 85% Finding Jobs

53.9% of the graduates in 2022 were degree holders, while 46.1% were diploma graduates.

By May Vin Ang — 21 Nov 2023, 11:36 AM

• #statistics
• #university
• #employment

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Malaysia recorded 5.92 million graduates in 2022, with a labour force participation rate of 85%, according to the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM)

During the release of the 2022 Graduates Statistics on Monday, 20 November, Chief Statistician Datuk Seri Dr Mohd Uzir Mahidin said the number of graduates in Malaysia rose by 5.1% in 2022 from 5.63 million graduates in 2021.

"A positive economic environment throughout 2022 has led to an increase in the number of graduates in Malaysia, which has reached a substantial 5.92 million persons.

"This is composed of 23.1% of the population in the working age of 15 years and above," he said, as quoted by Bernama .

Mohd Uzir said 53.9% of the graduates in 2022 were degree holders, while 46.1% were diploma graduates

Out of the total number of graduates for the year, he said 5.06 million actively participated in the labour force, resulting in a graduates' labour force participation rate of 85.4%.

"Around two-thirds or 65.6% were employed in the skilled occupations category , accounting for 3.19 million persons," he said.

32.8% of graduates or 1.60 million people, were employed in the semi-skilled category , primarily comprising service and sales workers (14.0%), clerical support workers (10.7%), and craft and related trades workers (4.9%).

About 1.6% of graduates, or 781,000 people, found employment in the low-skilled category.

Meanwhile, the highest graduate salaries by state were found in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, with a mean of RM5,556 and RM5,697, respectively.

The unemployment rate among graduates stood at 3.7% in 2022, showing a slight improvement compared to the unemployment rate of 4.1% in 2021

The number of unemployed graduates decreased from 198,700 people in 2021 to 187,800 in 2022.

Unemployed graduates refer to those who are actively seeking work but have yet to get a job, and are different from people who choose to stay outside the labour force, such as housewives, students furthering their studies, retirees, and those not interested in finding employment.

"In 2022, Malaysia's economy had gradually regained momentum towards recovery and fostered a healthier labour market situation compared to 2021," said Mohd Uzir.

Check out some of DOSM's infographics here:

Job opportunities, salaries, and work-life balance after graduation are common issues for malaysians:, survey: 72.1% of malaysians do not want to further their studies after spm.

Some said they preferred to work in the gig economy or become influencers on social media.

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Malaysia's 2022 fertility rate was the country's lowest in 50 years.

The country recorded a 3.8% drop, or 16,620 less births, in 2022.

Study: Malaysia Ranks As The 55th Happiest Country In The World

Meanwhile, Finland takes the crown for happiest country in the world again!

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A total of 131 Proton Wira cars were stolen in 2021.

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Employment status of recent higher education graduates in Malaysia 2022

Employment and educational status of recent higher education graduates in malaysia in 2022.

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Figures include all recent graduates from higher education institutions with the following qualifications: postgraduate certificate, professional, certificate, diploma, advanced diploma, bachelor's degree, postgraduate diploma, master's degree, and Ph.D.

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