essay patriotism mean

Essay on Patriotism for Students and Children

500+ words essay on patriotism.

Essay on Patriotism: Patriotism refers to the passionate love one has for their country. This virtue pushes to citizens of a country to work for their country selflessly and make it better. A truly developed country is made up of true patriots. In other words, patriotism means keeping the country’s interest first and then thinking about oneself. Patriotism can be specifically seen during times of war. Moreover, it helps in building the nation stronger. There are other significances of patriotism as well.

Significance of Patriotism

Usually, we refer to our country as our motherland. This further proves that we must have the same love for our country as we have for our mother. After all, our country is no less than a mother; it nurtures us and helps us grow. Everyone must possess the virtue of patriotism as it makes it better.

In addition, it also enhances the life quality of the citizens . It does that by making people work for the collective interest of the country. When everyone works for the betterment of the country, there would be no conflict of interest. Thus, a happier environment will prevail.

After that, peace and harmony will be maintained through patriotism. When the citizens have the spirit of brotherhood, they will support one another. Hence, it will make the country more harmonious.

In short, patriotism does have great importance in developing the country. It eliminates any selfish and harmful motives which in turn lessens corruption. Similarly, when the government becomes free of corruption , the country will develop faster.

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Great Patriots of India

India has had a fair share of patriots from the very beginning. The struggle for independence gave birth to various patriots. These patriots have made a lot of sacrifices for the county to flourish and prosper. Their names have gone down in history and are still taken with respect and admiration. Some of the greatest patriots of India were Rani Lakshmi Bai, Shaheed Bhagat Singh, and Maulana Azad.

Rani Lakshmi Bai was one of the most famous patriots of the country. Her courage and bravery are still talked about. Her name always comes up in the revolt of 1857. She revolted against the British rule and to fight for independence. She gave her life fighting on the battlefield for our country.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh is another name that is synonymous with patriotism. He was determined to free India from the clutches of the British rule. He was a part of several freedom struggles. Similarly, he also started a revolution for the same. He dedicated his life to this mission and died as a martyr for the love of his country.

Maulana Azad was a true patriot. The first education minister of India played a great role in the freedom struggle. He traveled through cities and created awareness of the injustices by the British. He united people through his activism and led India to freedom.

In conclusion, these are just a few who were patriots of the country. They lived for their country and did not hesitate before devoting their lives to it. These names are shining examples for the generations to come. We must possess patriotism and work for our motherland to see it succeed.

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• Patriotism Essay

Essay on Patriotism

Patriotism is more than just a word; it's a feeling that resides deep within the hearts of individuals who share a common bond with their country. In simple terms, patriotism is the love and devotion one has for their homeland. This essay explores the essence of patriotism, its significance in our daily lives, and how it contributes to the overall growth and prosperity of a nation.

Defining Patriotism

At its core, patriotism is about love and loyalty to one's country. It's the recognition of the values, culture, and shared history that bind people together. This sentiment is not limited to grand gestures or extraordinary acts; it often finds expression in simple, everyday actions that collectively contribute to the betterment of society.

Love for the Land

Patriotism begins with a genuine love for the land one calls home. It's about appreciating the natural beauty, diverse landscapes, and resources that make a country unique. Whether it's the rolling hills, expansive plains, or the sparkling waters that surround us, patriotism involves recognizing and cherishing the inherent beauty of our homeland.

Cultural Identity

A strong sense of patriotism is closely tied to cultural identity. It's the pride in the traditions, languages, and customs that have been passed down through generations. Embracing and celebrating cultural diversity fosters a sense of unity, enriching the fabric of the nation with a tapestry of different backgrounds and experiences.

Shared History

Patriotism is also rooted in a shared history that forms the foundation of a nation. Understanding the struggles, triumphs, and challenges faced by previous generations fosters a sense of continuity and responsibility. By acknowledging the sacrifices made by those who came before us, we honor their legacy and contribute to the ongoing narrative of our country.

Individual Responsibility and Civic Duty

One of the essential aspects of patriotism is the recognition of individual responsibility and civic duty. It's not just about enjoying the benefits of living in a particular country; it's about actively participating in its growth and development. This can range from voting in elections to volunteering in local communities, each act contributing to the collective well-being of the nation.

Patriotism in Daily Life

While grand displays of patriotism, such as national celebrations and parades, are noteworthy, it is in the small, everyday actions that the true essence of patriotism is often found. Acts of kindness, respect for fellow citizens, and a commitment to upholding shared values are all expressions of patriotism in daily life.

Respecting Differences

A patriotic individual understands the importance of unity in diversity. Respecting the differences among fellow citizens, whether they be cultural, religious, or ideological, is a testament to a mature and inclusive patriotism. It involves fostering an environment where everyone feels valued and accepted, contributing to a stronger and more harmonious society.

Environmental Stewardship

Caring for the environment is another manifestation of patriotism. Recognizing that the health of the land directly impacts the well-being of its inhabitants, a patriotic person takes measures to protect and preserve natural resources. This can involve sustainable practices, conservation efforts, and a commitment to reducing one's ecological footprint.

Education and Knowledge

Promoting education and knowledge is a patriotic act that invests in the future of a nation. By valuing learning, supporting educational initiatives, and encouraging intellectual curiosity, individuals contribute to the development of a knowledgeable and skilled population. A well-educated society is better equipped to face challenges and drive innovation, ensuring the continued progress of the nation.

Economic Contribution

Contributing to the economic prosperity of the country is an integral part of patriotism. This involves not only being a responsible consumer but also actively participating in the workforce. Whether through entrepreneurship, hard work, or innovation, individuals play a crucial role in building a robust and thriving economy that benefits everyone.

National Pride and Unity

Patriotism fosters a sense of national pride and unity. This pride extends beyond individual accomplishments to a collective celebration of the achievements of the entire nation. It's about recognizing and highlighting what makes the country unique and exceptional, fostering a shared sense of identity that transcends individual differences.

Challenges and Criticisms

While patriotism is generally seen as a positive force, it is essential to acknowledge that blind nationalism and exclusionary practices can emerge if taken to extremes. A healthy patriotism embraces diversity and encourages open dialogue, recognizing that different perspectives contribute to the strength and resilience of a nation.

Patriotism: A Historical Perspective

An essay on patriotism seems incomplete without delving into the historical context, particularly the role of freedom fighters. They are the heroes of times when the quest for freedom ignited the spirits of individuals who sought independence in economic, social, political, and cultural aspects.

India's Patriots

The history of India’s freedom struggle shines through the immortal courage of heroic personalities like Veer Damodar Savarkar, Mahatma Gandhi, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and many more. These great patriots fought for the country and against the atrocities perpetrated on the countrymen.

Singing slogans of ‘Vande Mataram’, ‘Bharat Mata ki Jai’, ‘Jay Hind’, these patriots went to the cross for the country with a smile on their faces and pride in their hearts. A very inspiring quote by Swami Vivekanand, says, “Do you love the country? Then, come, let us struggle for higher and better things; look not back, no, not even if you see the dearest and nearest cry. Look no back, but forward!”

The gist of Swami Vivekanand’s thought is that when you have started your journey on the path of the country’s welfare, then there must not be any looking back. All you need is to create a list of the priority things that you want to do for your country. Once you accomplish one thing just move ahead with the next one. The slogans like Jai Hind or Bharat Mata ki Jai work as your motivation on the path of doing something for the country. So, are you prepared to do something special for the nation?

Patriotism in Different Roles

People express their patriotism in different ways and in different roles. Soldiers, scientists, doctors, politicians, and other citizens express their patriotism through their hard work in their profession.

Indian soldiers are role models for the youth of India. Highly scrupulous, positively secular, completely apolitical, with an ethos of working hard, simple needs and frugal habits, a soldier is the epitome of courage and unflinching devotion to the country.

Mangalyaan or Mars Orbiter Mission is one of the best examples of scientists' devotion toward the country. In the pandemic situation, the hardship of doctors and nurses proves their devotion towards their country.

Patriotism does not always mean that you have to sacrifice your life for your country; contributing good service towards the country and its people is also equivalent to your sacrifice.

Mathunny Mathews has set a great example of patriotism. Mathews was an Indian, a resident in Kuwait, and was one of the people credited with the safe airlift evacuation of about 1, 70,000 Indians from Kuwait during the 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Only celebrating the flag hoisting ceremony on 15th August and 26th January, posing for photos with the flag, and posting on social media doesn’t imply that you are a true patriot. A real patriot is a person who has a true love for his country. He fights against the atrocities upon his countrymen by insiders or outsiders of the country.

Patriotism by Freedom Fighters

An essay on patriotism seems incomplete without the mention of freedom fighters. They are the heroes of the times when we all wanted to get freedom. We all need freedom in economic, social, political, and cultural aspects. These were the people who did not give a second thought before offering complete sacrifice to stay in a free country.

Patriotism is a simple yet profound celebration of love for our country. It encompasses a range of sentiments, from appreciation of the land and culture to a commitment to individual responsibility and civic duty. Patriotism is not a static concept; it evolves as societies grow and change. By embodying the principles of patriotism in our daily lives, we contribute to the collective well-being of our nation, ensuring a brighter future for generations to come. In the end, patriotism is about recognizing the beauty in our shared journey and working together to build a stronger, more united society. Explore the meaning of patriotism, its significance, and the diverse ways in which people express their love for their country. Learn about the role of patriotism in the lives of individuals, from freedom fighters to modern-day citizens, and understand how it contributes to the development of a nation.

FAQs on Patriotism Essay

1. How is patriotism important for a country?

Patriotism helps in promoting brotherhood and belongingness among the citizens of a country. Corruption takes a back seat when the feeling of fraternity exists among the citizens. Also, the love for one’s country creates a feeling of responsibility towards the countrymen and brings forth the best of their services, in various fields.

For example, when an IAS officer is a true patriot at heart, he will ensure that there is no corruption in his immediate system and best efforts are being delivered by his team. Similarly, doctors, soldiers, scientists, and people from every walk of life put their best efforts into serving their countrymen, when they have patriotism deep down in their hearts.

2. What are the important points to be written in an essay on patriotism?

The following outlines will help you write an essay on patriotism in your own words.

What is the meaning of patriotism in simple words?

How is patriotism different from nationalism?

Who were the great patriots of India?

Role of patriotic personalities in India’s freedom struggle.

Showcasing patriotism on Independence Day and Republic Day through social media posts is not always a sign of true patriotism.

How does patriotism play a role in the development of a nation?

These are the basic points for this essay topic, and you may add more examples of patriotic personalities and emphasize the role of patriotism in safeguarding the interests of a nation, in your essay, depending upon the required word count.

3. How can I express my patriotism?

There are many ways to express your patriotism. Some common examples include:

Participating in civic duties, such as voting and volunteering.

Obeying the law and respecting the national symbols.

Educating yourself about your country's history and culture.

Supporting your country's athletes and teams in international competitions.

Contributing to social causes and community development efforts.

4. Is patriotism the same as nationalism?

No, patriotism and nationalism are not the same. Patriotism is a positive feeling of love and pride for one's country, while nationalism can be a more extreme and exclusionary ideology that emphasizes the superiority of one's own nation over others.

5. Can patriotism be dangerous?

Yes, patriotism can be dangerous if it is used to justify harmful actions, such as discrimination against other countries or groups of people. It is important to remember that patriotism should be combined with other values, such as tolerance, respect for human rights, and a commitment to international cooperation.

6. What are some good examples of patriotism in history?

There are many examples of people who have expressed patriotism in positive ways throughout history. Some famous examples include:

Martin Luther King Jr.'s fight for civil rights in the United States.

Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent resistance to British rule in India.

Nelson Mandela's fight against apartheid in South Africa.

The volunteers who helped rebuild communities after natural disasters.

7. What are some common arguments against patriotism?

Some people argue that patriotism is outdated, irrelevant, or even harmful. Some common arguments against patriotism include:

It can be used to justify war and violence.

It can lead to blind obedience and a lack of critical thinking.

It can be used to exclude and discriminate against minority groups.

It can be a form of tribalism that creates divisions between people.

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Patriotism raises questions of the sort philosophers characteristically discuss: How is patriotism to be defined? How is it related to similar attitudes, such as nationalism? What is its moral standing: is it morally valuable or perhaps even mandatory, or is it rather a stance we should avoid? Yet until a few decades ago, philosophers used to show next to no interest in the subject. The article on patriotism in the Historical Dictionary of Philosophy , reviewing the use of the term from the 16 th century to our own times, gives numerous references, but they are mostly to authors who were not philosophers. Moreover, of the few well known philosophers cited, only one, J. G. Fichte, gave the subject more than a passing reference – and most of what Fichte had to say actually pertains to nationalism, rather than patriotism (see Busch and Dierse 1989).

This changed in the 1980s. The change was due, in part, to the revival of communitarianism, which came in response to the individualistic, liberal political and moral philosophy epitomized by John Rawls’ Theory of Justice (1971); but it was also due to the resurgence of nationalism in several parts of the world. The beginning of this change was marked by Andrew Oldenquist’s account of morality as a matter of various loyalties, rather than abstract principles and ideals (Oldenquist 1982), and Alasdair MacIntyre’s argument that patriotism is a central moral virtue (MacIntyre 1984). Largely in response to MacIntyre, some philosophers have defended constrained or deflated versions of patriotism (Baron 1989, Nathanson 1989, Primoratz 2002). Others have argued against patriotism of any sort (Gomberg 1990, McCabe 1997, Keller 2005). There is now a lively philosophical debate about the moral credentials of patriotism that shows no signs of abating. A parallel discussion in political philosophy concerns the kind of patriotism that might provide an alternative to nationalism as the ethos of a stable, well-functioning polity.

1.1 What is patriotism?

1.2 patriotism and nationalism, 2.1 patriotism and the ethics of belief, 2.2 the moral standing of patriotism, 3. the political import of patriotism, other internet resources, related entries, 1. conceptual issues.

The standard dictionary definition reads “love of one’s country.” This captures the core meaning of the term in ordinary use; but it might well be thought too thin and in need of fleshing out. In the first philosophical book-length study of the subject, Stephen Nathanson (1993, 34–35) defines patriotism as involving:

• Special affection for one’s own country
• A sense of personal identification with the country
• Special concern for the well-being of the country
• Willingness to sacrifice to promote the country’s good

There is little to cavil about here. There is no great difference between special affection and love, and Nathanson himself uses the terms interchangeably. Although love (or special affection) is usually given expression in special concern for its object, that is not necessary. But a person whose love for her country was not expressed in any special concern for it would scarcely be considered a patriot. Therefore the definition needs to include such concern. Once that is included, however, a willingness to make sacrifices for one’s country is implied, and need not be added as a separate component. Identification with the country, too, might be thought implied in the phrase “one’s country.” But the phrase is extremely vague, and allows for a country to be called “one’s own” in an extremely thin, formal sense too. It seems that if one is to be a patriot of a country, the country must be his in some significant sense; and that may be best captured by speaking of one’s identification with it. Such identification is expressed in vicarious feelings: in pride of one’s country’s merits and achievements, and in shame for its lapses or crimes (when these are acknowledged, rather than denied).

Accordingly, patriotism can be defined as love of one’s country, identification with it, and special concern for its well-being and that of compatriots.

This is only a definition. A fuller account of patriotism is beyond the scope of this article. Such an account would say something about the patriot’s beliefs about the merits of his country, his need to belong to a group and be a part of a more encompassing narrative, to be related to a past and a future that transcend the narrow confines of an individual’s life and its mundane concerns, as well as social and political conditions that affect the ebb and flow of patriotism, its political and cultural influence, and more.

Discussions of both patriotism and nationalism are often marred by lack of clarity due to the failure to distinguish the two. Many authors use the two terms interchangeably. Among those who do not, quite a few have made the distinction in ways that are not very helpful. In the 19 th century, Lord Acton contrasted “nationality” and patriotism as affection and instinct vs. a moral relation. Nationality is “our connection with the race” that is “merely natural or physical,” while patriotism is the awareness of our moral duties to the political community (Acton 1972, 163). In the 20 th century, Elie Kedourie did the opposite, presenting nationalism as a full-fledged philosophical and political doctrine about nations as basic units of humanity within which the individual can find freedom and fulfilment, and patriotism as mere sentiment of affection for one’s country (Kedourie 1985, 73–74).

George Orwell contrasted the two in terms of aggressive vs. defensive attitudes. Nationalism is about power: its adherent wants to acquire as much power and prestige as possible for his nation, in which he submerges his individuality. While nationalism is accordingly aggressive, patriotism is defensive: it is a devotion to a particular place and a way of life one thinks best, but has no wish to impose on others (Orwell 1968, 362). This way of distinguishing the two attitudes comes close to an approach popular among politicians and widespread in everyday discourse that indicates a double standard of the form “us vs. them.” Country and nation are first run together, and then patriotism and nationalism are distinguished in terms of the strength of the love and special concern one feels for it, the degree of one’s identification with it. When these are exhibited in a reasonable degree and without ill thoughts about others and hostile actions towards them, that is patriotism; when they become unbridled and cause one to think ill of others and act badly towards them, that is nationalism. Conveniently enough, it usually turns out that we are patriots, while they are nationalists (see Billig 1995, 55–59).

There is yet another way of distinguishing patriotism and nationalism – one that is quite simple and begs no moral questions. We can put aside the political sense of “nation” that makes it identical with “country,” “state,” or “polity,” and the political or civic type of nationalism related to it. We need concern ourselves only with the other, ethnic or cultural sense of “nation,” and focus on ethnic or cultural nationalism. In order to do so, we do not have to spell out the relevant understanding of “nation”; it is enough to characterize it in terms of common ancestry, history, and a set of cultural traits. Both patriotism and nationalism involve love of, identification with, and special concern for a certain entity. In the case of patriotism, that entity is one’s patria , one’s country; in the case of nationalism, that entity is one’s natio , one’s nation (in the ethnic/cultural sense of the term). Thus patriotism and nationalism are understood as the same type of set of beliefs and attitudes, and distinguished in terms of their objects, rather than the strength of those beliefs and attitudes, or as sentiment vs. theory.

To be sure, there is much overlap between country and nation, and therefore between patriotism and nationalism; thus much that applies to one will also apply to the other. But when a country is not ethnically homogeneous, or when a nation lacks a country of its own, the two may part ways.

2. Normative issues

Patriotism has had a fair number of critics. The harshest among them have judged it deeply flawed in every important respect. In the 19 th century, Russian novelist and thinker Leo Tolstoy found patriotism both stupid and immoral. It is stupid because every patriot holds his own country to be the best of all whereas, obviously, only one country can qualify. It is immoral because it enjoins us to promote our country’s interests at the expense of all other countries and by any means, including war, and is thus at odds with the most basic rule of morality, which tells us not to do to others what we would not want them to do to us (Tolstoy 1987, 97). Recently, Tolstoy’s critique has been seconded by American political theorist George Kateb, who argues that patriotism is “a mistake twice over: it is typically a grave moral error and its source is typically a state of mental confusion” (Kateb 2000, 901). Patriotism is most importantly expressed in a readiness to die and to kill for one’s country. But a country “is not a discernible collection of discernible individuals”; it is rather “an abstraction … a compound of a few actual and many imaginary ingredients.” Specifically, in addition to being a delimited territory, “it is also constructed out of transmitted memories true and false; a history usually mostly falsely sanitized or falsely heroized; a sense of kinship of a largely invented purity; and social ties that are largely invisible or impersonal, indeed abstract …” Therefore patriotism is “a readiness to die and to kill for an abstraction … for what is largely a figment of the imagination” (907).

Some of these objections can easily be countered. Even if full-fledged patriotism does involve a belief in one’s country’s merits, it need not involve the belief that one’s country is better than all others. And the fact that a country is not a collection of “discernible individuals” and that the social ties among compatriots are “largely invisible or impersonal,” rather than palpable and face-to-face, does not show that it is unreal or imaginary. As Benedict Anderson, who coined the term “imagined community,” points out, “all communities larger than primordial villages of face-to-face contact … are imagined.” “Imagined community” is not the opposite of “real community,” but rather of community whose members have face-to-face relations (Anderson 1991, 6).

However, there is another, more plausible line of criticism of patriotism focusing on its intellectual, rather than moral credentials. Moreover, Tolstoy’s and Kateb’s arguments questioning the moral legitimacy of patriotic partiality and those highlighting the connection of patriotism with international tensions and war cannot be so easily refuted.

When asked “why do you love your country?” or “why are you loyal to it?”, a patriot is likely to take the question to mean “what is so good about your country that you should love it, or be loyal to it?” and then adduce what she believes to be its virtues and achievements. This suggests that patriotism can be judged from the standpoint of ethics of belief – a set of norms for evaluating our beliefs and other doxastic states. Simon Keller has examined patriotism from this point of view, and found it wanting.

Keller argues that whereas one’s love of and loyalty to a family member or a friend may coexist with a low estimate of the person’s qualities, patriotism involves endorsement of one’s country. If the patriot is to endorse her country, she must consider her beliefs about the country’s virtues and achievements to be based on some objectively valid standards of value and an unbiased examination of the country’s past and present record that leads to the conclusion that it lives up to those standards. However, the patriot’s loyalty is not focused on her country simply because it instantiates a set of virtues a country can have. If that were the case, and if a neighboring country turned out to have such virtues to an even higher degree, the patriot’s loyalty would be redirected accordingly. She is loyal to her country because that country, and only that country, is her country; hers is a loyalty “in the first instance.” Thus the patriot is motivated to think of the patria as blessed by all manner of virtues and achievements whether the evidence, interpreted objectively, warrants that or not. Accordingly, she forms beliefs about her country in ways different from the ways in which she forms beliefs about other countries. Moreover, she cannot admit this motivation while at the same time remaining a patriot. This leads her to hide from herself the true source of some of the beliefs involved. This is bad faith. Bad faith is bad; so is patriotism, as well as every identity, individual or collective, constituted, in part, by patriotic loyalty. This, in Keller’s view, amounts to “a clear presumptive case against patriotism’s being a virtue and for its being a vice” (Keller 2005, 587–88).

This portrayal does seem accurate as far as much patriotism as we know it is concerned. Yet Keller may be overstating his case as one against patriotism as such. When queried about one’s loyalty to one’s country, couldn’t one say: “This is my country, my home; I need no further reason to be loyal to it and show special concern for its well-being”? This might not be a very satisfactory answer; we might agree with J.B. Zimmermann that “the love for one’s country … is in many cases no more than the love of an ass for its stall” (quoted in Nathanson 1993, 3). But however egocentric, irrational, asinine, surely it qualifies as patriotism. (In a later statement of his argument (2007a, 80–81), Keller seems to be of two minds on this point.)

Many think of patriotism as a natural and appropriate expression of attachment to the country in which we were born and raised and of gratitude for the benefits of life on its soil, among its people, and under its laws. They also consider patriotism an important component of our identity. Some go further, and argue that patriotism is morally mandatory, or even that it is the core of morality. There is, however, a major tradition in moral philosophy which understands morality as essentially universal and impartial, and seems to rule out local, partial attachment and loyalty. Adherents of this tradition tend to think of patriotism as a type of group egoism , a morally arbitrary partiality to “one’s own” at odds with demands of universal justice and common human solidarity. A related objection is that patriotism is exclusive in invidious and dangerous ways. Love of one’s own country characteristically goes together with dislike of and hostility towards other countries. It tends to encourage militarism, and makes for international tension and conflict. Tolstoy’s and Kateb’s moral objections to patriotism, mentioned above, are in line with this position.

What, then, is the moral status of patriotism? The question does not admit of a single answer. We can distinguish five types of patriotism, and each needs to be judged on its merits.

2.2.1 Extreme patriotism

Machiavelli is famous (or infamous) for teaching princes that, human nature being what it is, if they propose to do their job well, they must be willing to break their promises, to deceive, dissemble, and use violence, sometimes in cruel ways and on a large scale, when political circumstances require such actions. This may or may not be relevant to the question of patriotism, depending on just what we take the point of princely rule to be. A less well known part of Machiavelli’s teaching, however, is relevant; for he sought to impart the same lesson to politicians and common citizens of a republic. “When the safety of one’s country wholly depends on the decision to be taken, no attention should be paid either to justice or injustice, to kindness or cruelty, or to its being praiseworthy or ignominious” (Machiavelli 1998 [1518], 515). The paramount interests of one’s country override any moral consideration with which they might come into conflict.

This type of patriotism is extreme, but by no means extremely rare. It is adopted much too often by politicians and common citizens alike when their country’s major interests are thought to be at stake. It is encapsulated in the saying “our country, right or wrong,” at least on the simplest and most obvious construal of this saying. Not much needs to be said about the moral standing of this type of patriotism, as it amounts to rejection of morality. “Our country, right or wrong ” cannot be right.

2.2.2 Robust patriotism

In his seminal lecture “Is Patriotism a Virtue?” Alasdair MacIntyre contrasts patriotism with the liberal commitment to certain universal values and principles. On the liberal view, where and from whom I learn the principles of morality is just as irrelevant to their contents and to my commitment to them, as where and from whom I learn the principles of mathematics is irrelevant to their contents and my adherence to them. For MacIntyre, where and from whom I learn my morality is of decisive importance both for my commitment to it and for its very contents.

There is no morality as such; morality is always the morality of a particular community. One can understand and internalize moral rules only “in and through the way of life of [one’s] community” (MacIntyre 1984, 8). Moral rules are justified in terms of certain goods they express and promote; but these goods, too, are always given as part and parcel of the way of life of a community. The individual becomes a moral agent only when informed as such by his community. He also lives and flourishes as one because he is sustained in his moral life by his community. “… I can only be a moral agent because we are moral agents … Detached from my community, I will be apt to lose my hold upon all genuine standards of judgment” (10–11).

If I can live and flourish as a moral agent only as a member of my community, while playing the role this membership involves, then my very identity is bound up with that of my community, its history, traditions, institutions, and aspirations. Therefore,

if I do not understand the enacted narrative of my own individual life as embedded in the history of my country … I will not understand what I owe to others or what others owe to me, for what crimes of my nation I am bound to make reparation, for what benefits to my nation I am bound to feel gratitude. Understanding what is owed to and by me and understanding the history of the communities of which I am a part is … one and the same thing. (16)

This leads MacIntyre to conclude that patriotism is not to be contrasted with morality; it is rather a central moral virtue, indeed the bedrock of morality.

The object of patriotic loyalty is one’s country and polity; but this does not mean that a patriot will support any government in power in her country. Here MacIntyre’s position is different from a popular version of patriotism that tends to conflate the two. The patriot’s allegiance, he says, is not to the status quo of power, but rather to “the nation conceived as a project ” (13). One can oppose one’s country’s government in the name of the country’s true character, history, and aspirations. To that extent, this type of patriotism is critical and rational. But at least some practices and projects of the patria , some of its “large interests,” must be beyond questioning and critical scrutiny. To that extent, MacIntyre grants that what he considers true patriotism is “a fundamentally irrational attitude” (13). But a more rational and therefore more constrained loyalty would be “emasculated,” rather than real patriotism.

This account of patriotism is exposed to several objections. One might question the communitarian foundations of MacIntyre’s case for patriotism: his view of the moral primacy of the community over the individual. One might find fault with the step from communitarianism to patriotism:

Even if his communitarian conception of morality were correct and even if the process of moral development ensured that group loyalty would emerge as a central virtue, no conclusion would follow about the importance of patriotism. The group to which our primary loyalty would be owed would be the group from which we had obtained our moral understanding. This need not be the community as a whole or any political unit, however. It could be one’s family, one’s town, one’s religion. The nation need not be the source of morality or the primary beneficiary of our loyalty. (Nathanson 1989, 549)

Yet another objection would focus on the fundamentally irrational character of robust patriotism: its insistence that “large interests” of the patria must be beyond questioning.

MacIntyre concedes that “on occasion patriotism might require me to support and work for the success of some enterprise of my nation as crucial to its overall project … when the success of that enterprise would not be in the best interests of mankind” (14). If so, this type of patriotism would seem to involve the rejection of such basic moral notions as universal justice and common human solidarity.

Tolstoy and other critics have argued that patriotism is incompatible with these notions – that it is egoism writ large, an exclusive and ultimately aggressive concern for one’s country, and a major cause of international tensions and war. This is not a fair objection to patriotism as such. Patriotism is defined as a special concern for one’s country’s well-being, and that is not the same as an exclusive and aggressive concern for it. But the objection is pertinent, and has considerable force, when brought up against the type of patriotism advocated by MacIntyre. MacIntyre’s patriot may promote his country’s interests in a critical, and therefore non-exclusive way, over a range of issues. But when it comes to those “large interests” of his country that are beyond criticism and must be supported in an irrational way, his concern will inevitably become exclusive, and most likely aggressive too. If justice is understood in universal, rather than parochial terms, if common human solidarity counts as a weighty moral consideration, and if peace is of paramount importance and war is morally permissible only when it is just, then this kind of patriotism must be rejected.

2.2.3 Moderate patriotism

Rejecting robust patriotism does not entail adopting sweeping impartialism that acknowledges no special obligations, and allows no partiality, to “our own.” Nor does it entail adopting the more restricted, cosmopolitan position, that allows no partiality to our own country and compatriots. There is considerable middle ground between these extremes. Exploring this middle ground has led some philosophers to construct positions accommodating both the universal and the particular point of view – both the mandates of universal justice and claims of common humanity, and the concern for the patria and compatriots.

One such position is “patriotism compatible with liberal morality,” or “liberal patriotism” for short, advocated by Marcia Baron (1989). Baron argues that the conflict between impartiality and partiality is not quite as deep as it may seem. Morality allows for both types of considerations, as they pertain to different levels of moral deliberation. At one level, we are often justified in taking into account our particular commitments and attachments, including those to our country. At another level, we can and ought to reflect on such commitments and attachments from a universal, impartial point of view, to delineate their proper scope and determine their weight. We can conclude, for example, “that with respect to certain matters and within limits, it is good for an American to judge as an American, and to put American interests first” (Baron 1989, 272). In such a case, partiality and particular concerns are judged to be legitimate and indeed valuable from an impartial, universal point of view. This means that with respect to those matters and within the same limits, it is also good for a Cuban to judge as a Cuban and to put Cuban interests first, etc. Actually, this is how we think of our special obligations to, and preferences for, our family, friends, or local community; this kind of partiality is legitimate, and indeed valuable, not only for us but for anyone.

In MacIntyre’s view, the type of partiality in general, and patriotism in particular, that is at work only at one level of moral deliberation and against the background of impartiality at another, higher level, lacks content and weight. For Baron, on the other hand, MacIntyre’s strongly particularistic type of patriotism is irrational and morally hazardous. Baron also finds problematic the popular understanding of patriotism which focuses on the country’s might and its interests as determined by whatever government is in power. She emphasizes concern for the country’s cultural and moral excellence. By doing so, she argues, our patriotism will leave room for serious, even radical criticism of our country, and will not be a force for dissension and conflict in the international arena.

Another middle-of-the-road view is “moderate patriotism” propounded by Stephen Nathanson (1989, 1993). He, too, rejects the choice between MacIntyre’s robust patriotism and cosmopolitanism, and argues that impartiality required by morality allows for particular attachments and special obligations by distinguishing different levels of moral thinking. A good example is provided by the Ten Commandments, a major document of Western morality. The wording of the commandments is for the most part universal, impartial; but they also tell us “honor your father and your mother.”

The kind of patriotism defended by Nathanson and Baron is moderate in several distinct, but related respects. It is not unbridled: it does not enjoin the patriot to promote his country’s interests under any circumstances and by any means. It acknowledges the constraints morality imposes on the pursuit of our individual and collective goals. For instance, it may require the patriot to fight for his country, but only in so far as the war is, and remains, just. Adherents of both extreme and robust patriotism will consider themselves bound to fight for their country whether its cause be just or not. Extreme patriots will also fight for it in whatever way it takes to win. Whether adherents of MacIntyre’s robust patriotism, too, will do so is a moot point. If they do not, that will be because the morality of their own community places certain constraints on warfare, whether of a particularistic type (“a German officer does not execute POWs”), or by incorporating some universalistic moral precepts (“an officer does not execute POWs”).

Moderate patriotism is not exclusive. Its adherent will show special concern for his country and compatriots, but that will not prevent him from showing concern for other countries and their inhabitants. Moreover, this kind of patriotism allows for the possibility that under certain circumstances the concern for human beings in general will override the concern for one’s country and compatriots. Such patriotism is compatible with a decent degree of humanitarianism. By contrast, both extreme and robust patriotism give greater weight to the (substantial) interests of one’s country and compatriots than to those of other countries and their inhabitants whenever these interests come into conflict.

Finally, moderate patriotism is not uncritical, unconditional, or egocentric. For an adherent of this type of patriotism, it is not enough that the country is her country. She will also expect it to live up to certain standards and thereby deserve her support, devotion, and special concern for its well-being. When it fails to do so, she will withhold support. Adherents of both extreme and robust patriotism, on the other hand, love their country unconditionally, and stand by it whatever it does as long as its “safety” or its “large interests” more generally are concerned.

Baron and Nathanson have found a middle ground between sweeping cosmopolitanism that allows for no attachment and loyalty to one’s country and compatriots, and extreme or robust patriotism that rejects universal moral considerations (except those that have become part and parcel of one’s country’s morality). They have shown that the main objections usually advanced against patriotism as such apply only to its extreme or robust varieties, but not to its “liberal” or “moderate” versions. The latter type of patriotism need not conflict with impartial justice or common human solidarity. It will therefore be judged morally unobjectionable by all except some adherents of a strict type of cosmopolitanism .

However, both Baron and Nathanson fail to distinguish clearly between showing that their preferred type of patriotism is morally unobjectionable and showing that it is morally required or virtuous, and sometimes seem to be assuming that by showing the former, they are also showing the latter. Yet there is a gap between the two claims, and the latter, stronger case for moderate patriotism still needs to be made.

2.2.4 Deflated patriotism

What is the case for the claim that moderate patriotism is morally mandatory – that we have a duty of special concern for the well-being of our country and compatriots, similar to special duties to family or friends?

Gratitude is probably the most popular among the grounds adduced for patriotic duty. Echoing Socrates in Plato’s Crito (51c-51d), Maurizio Viroli writes: “… We have a moral obligation towards our country because we are indebted to it. We owe our country our life, our education, our language, and, in the most fortunate cases, our liberty. If we want to be moral persons, we must return what we have received, at least in part, by serving the common good” (Viroli 1995, 9).

Both Socrates and Viroli are exaggerating the benefits bestowed on us by our country; surely any gratitude owed for being born or brought up is owed to parents, rather than patria . But there are important benefits we have received from our country; the argument is that we are bound to show gratitude for them, and that the appropriate way to do so is to show special concern for the well-being of the country and compatriots.

One worry here is that considerations of gratitude normally arise in interpersonal relations. We also speak of gratitude to large and impersonal entities – our school, profession, or even our country – but that seems to be an abbreviated way of referring to gratitude to particular persons who have acted on behalf of these entities. A debt of gratitude is not incurred by any benefit received. If a benefit is conferred inadvertently, or advisedly but for the wrong reason (e.g. for the sake of the benefactor’s public image), gratitude will be misplaced. We owe a moral debt of gratitude (rather than the mere “thank you” of good manners) only to those who confer benefits on us deliberately and for the right reason, namely out of concern for our own good. And we cannot talk with confidence about the reasons a large and complex group or institution has for its actions.

Perhaps we can think of compatriots as an aggregate of individuals. Do we owe them a debt of gratitude for the benefits of life among them? Again, it depends on the reason for their law-abiding behavior and social cooperation generally. But there is no single reason common to all or even most of them. Some do their part without giving much thought to the reasons for doing so; others believe that doing so is, in the long run, the most prudent policy; still others act out of altruistic motives. Only the last group – surely a tiny minority – would be a proper object of our gratitude.

Moreover, gratitude is appropriate only for a benefit conferred freely, as a gift, and not as a quid pro quo . But most of the benefits we receive from our country are of the latter sort: benefits we have paid for by our own law-abiding behavior in general, and through taxation in particular.

The benefits one has received from her country might be considered relevant to the duty of patriotism in a different way: as raising the issue of fairness . One’s country is not a land inhabited by strangers to whom we owe nothing beyond what we owe to any other human being. It is rather a common enterprise that produces and distributes a wide range of benefits. These benefits are made possible by cooperation of those who live in the country, participate in the enterprise, owe and render allegiance to the polity. The rules that regulate the cooperation and determine the distribution of burdens and benefits enjoin, among other things, special concern for the well-being of compatriots which is not due to outsiders. As Richard Dagger puts it:

Compatriots take priority because we owe it to them as a matter of reciprocity. Everyone, compatriot or not, has a claim to our respect and concern … but those who join with us in cooperative enterprises have a claim to special recognition. Their cooperation enables us to enjoy the benefits of the enterprise, and fairness demands that we reciprocate. … We must accord our fellow citizens a special status, a priority over those who stand outside the special relationship constituted by the political enterprise. […] [Our fellow citizens] have a claim on us … that extends to include the notion that compatriots take priority. (Dagger 1985, 446, 443)

This argument conflates the issue of patriotism with that of political obligation , and the notion of a patriot with that of a citizen. Unlike informal cooperation among tenants in a building, for instance, cooperation on the scale of a country is regulated by a set of laws. To do one’s part within such a cooperative enterprise is just to obey the laws, to act as a citizen. Whether we have a moral duty to obey the laws of our country is one of the central issues in modern political philosophy, discussed under the heading of political obligation. One major account of political obligation is that of fairness. If successful, that account shows that we do have a moral duty to abide by the laws of our country, to act as citizens, and that this duty is one of fairness. To fail to abide by one’s country’s laws is to fail to reciprocate, to take advantage of compatriots, to act unfairly towards them. But whereas a patriot is also a citizen, a citizen is not necessarily a patriot. Patriotism involves special concern for the patria and compatriots, a concern that goes beyond what the laws obligate one to do, beyond what one does as a citizen; that is, beyond what one ought, in fairness , to do. Failing to show that concern, however, cannot be unfair – except on the question-begging assumption that, in addition to state law, cooperation on this scale is also based on, and regulated by, a moral rule enjoining special concern for the well-being of the country and compatriots. Dagger asserts that the claim our compatriots have on us “extends to include” such concern, but provides no argument in support of this extension.

Some philosophers seek to ground patriotic duty in its good consequences (see the entry on consequentialism ). The duty of special concern for the well-being of our country and compatriots, just like other duties, universal and special, is justified by the good consequences of its adoption. Special duties mediate our fundamental, universal duties and make possible their most effective discharge. They establish a division of moral labor, necessary because our capacity of doing good is limited by our resources and circumstances. Each of us can normally be of greater assistance to those who are in some way close to us than to those who are not. By attending first to “our own,” we at the same time promote the good of humanity in the best way possible.

Patriots will find this account of their love of and loyalty to their country alien to what they feel patriotism is all about. It presents the duty of special concern for the well-being of one’s country and compatriots as a device for assigning to individuals some universal duties. Patriotic duty owes its moral force to the moral force of those universal duties. But if so, then, as a proponent of this understanding of patriotism concedes, “it turns out that ‘our fellow countrymen’ are not so very special after all” (Goodin 1988, 679). They merely happen to be the beneficiaries of the most effective way of putting into practice our concern for human beings in general. The special relationship between the patriot and the patria and compatriots – the relationship of love and identification – has been dissolved.

There is also a view of patriotic duty that, in contrast to the consequentialist account, does not dissolve, but rather highlight this relationship. That is the view of patriotism as an associative duty (see the entry on special obligations , section 4). It is based on an understanding of special relationships as intrinsically valuable and involving duties of special concern for the well-being of those we are related to. Such duties are not means of creating or maintaining those relationships, but rather their part and parcel, and can only be understood, and justified, as such, just as those relationships can only be understood as involving the special duties pertaining to them (while involving much else besides). For instance, one who denies that she has an obligation of special concern for the well-being of her friend shows that she no longer perceives and treats the person concerned as a friend, that (as far as she is concerned) the friendship is gone. One who denies that people in general have a duty of special concern for the well-being of their friends shows that she does not understand what friendship is.

Andrew Mason has offered an argument for the duty of special concern for the well-being of compatriots based on the value embodied in our relationship to compatriots, that of common citizenship. By “citizenship” he does not mean mere legal status, but takes the term in a moral sense, which involves equal standing. Citizenship in this sense is an intrinsically valuable relationship, and grounds certain special duties fellow citizens have to one another. Now citizenship obviously has considerable instrumental value; but how is it valuable in itself?

Citizenship has intrinsic value because in virtue of being a citizen a person is a member of a collective body in which they enjoy equal status with its other members and are thereby provided with recognition. This collective body exercises significant control over its members’ conditions of existence (a degree of control which none of its members individually possesses). It offers them the opportunity to contribute to the cultural environment in which its laws and policies are determined, and opportunities to participate directly and indirectly in the formation of these laws and policies. (Mason 1997, 442)

Mason goes on to claim:

Part of what it is to be a citizen is to incur special obligations: these obligations give content to what it is to be committed or loyal fellow citizen and are justified by the good of the wider relationship to which they contribute. In particular, citizens have an obligation to each other to participate fully in public life and an obligation to give priority to the needs of fellow citizens. (442)

The first of these two special duties can be put aside, as it is not specific to patriotism, but rather pertains to citizenship. It is the second that is at issue. If we indeed have a duty of special concern towards compatriots, and if that is an associative duty, that is because our association with them is intrinsically valuable and bound up with this duty. The claim about the intrinsic value of our association might be thought a moot point. But even if it were conceded, one might still resist the claim concerning the alleged duty. If someone were to deny that she has a duty of special concern for the well-being of her country and compatriots, beyond what the laws of her country mandate and beyond the concern she has for humans and humanity, would she thereby cease to be a citizen (in the sense involving equal standing)? If she were to deny that citizens generally have such an obligation, would that betray lack of understanding of what citizenship (in the relevant sense) is? If she came across two strangers in a life-threatening situation and could only save one, would she have a prima facie moral duty to save the one who was a compatriot? Mason’s position commits him to answering “yes” in each case, but all three claims are implausible (Primoratz 2009).

All the main arguments for the claim that patriotism is a duty, then, are exposed to serious objections. Unless a new, more convincing case for patriotism can be made, we have no good reason to think that patriotism is a moral duty.

If not a duty, is patriotism morally valuable? Someone showing concern for the well-being of others well beyond the degree of concern for others required of all of us is considered a morally better person than the rest of us (other things equal), an example of supererogatory virtue. Patriotism is a special concern for the well-being of one’s country and compatriots, a concern beyond what we owe other people and communities. Isn’t a patriot, then, a morally better person than the rest of us (other things equal)? Isn’t patriotism a supererogatory virtue?

One standard example of such virtue is the type of concern for those in an extreme plight shown by the late Mother Theresa, or by Doctors Without Borders. But they are exemplars of moral virtue for the same reason that makes a more modest degree of concern for others a moral duty falling on all of us. The same moral value, sympathy for and assistance to people in need, grounds a certain degree of concern for others as a general moral duty and explains why a significantly higher degree of such concern is a moral ideal. This explanation, however, does not apply in the case of patriotism. Patriotism is not but another extension of the duty of concern for others; it is a special concern for my country because it is my country, for my compatriots because they are my compatriots. Unlike Mother Theresa and Doctors Without Borders, whose concern is for all destitute, sick, dying persons they can reach, the concern of the patriot is by definition selective; and the selection is performed by the word “my.” But the word “my” cannot, by itself, play the critical role in an argument showing that a certain stance is morally valuable. If it could, other types of partialism, such as tribalism, racism, or sexism, would by the same token prove morally valuable too.

If patriotism is neither a moral duty nor a supererogatory virtue, then all its moral pretensions have been deflated. It has no positive moral significance. There is nothing to be said for it, morally speaking. We all have various preferences for places and people, tend to identify with many groups, large and small, to think of them as in some sense ours, and to show a degree of special concern for their members. But however important in other respects these preferences, identifications, and concerns might be, they lack positive moral import. They are morally permissible as long as they are kept within certain limits, but morally indifferent in themselves. The same is true of patriotism (Primoratz 2002).

2.2.5 Ethical patriotism

All four types of patriotism reviewed so far seek to defend and promote what might be termed the worldly, i.e. non-moral, interests of the patria : its political stability, military power, riches, influence in the international arena, and cultural vibrancy. They differ with regard to the lengths to which these interests will be promoted: adherents of extreme and robust patriotism will ultimately go to any length, whereas those whose patriotism is moderate or deflated will respect the limits universal moral considerations set to this pursuit. Marcia Baron also calls for expanding patriotic concern for the flourishing of one’s country to include its “moral flourishing” (see 2.2.3 above).

Thus Baron’s position is half-way between the usual, worldly kind of patriotism, and what might be described as its distinctively ethical type. The latter would put aside the country’s well-being in a mundane, non-moral sense, and would focus instead on its distinctively moral well-being, its moral identity and integrity. A patriot of this sort would not express his love for the patria by seeking to husband the country’s resources and preserve its natural beauty and its historical heritage, or make it rich, powerful, culturally preeminent, or influential on the world scene. Instead, he would seek to make sure that the country lives up to moral requirements and promotes moral values, both at home and internationally. He would work for a just and humane society at home, and seek to ensure that the country acts justly beyond its borders, and shows common human solidarity towards those in need, however distant and unfamiliar. He would also be concerned with the country’s past moral record and its implications for the present. He would support projects exploring the dark chapters of the country’s history, acknowledging the wrongs perpetrated in the past and responding to them in appropriate ways, whether by offering apologies or making amends, and by making sure such wrongs are not perpetrated again.

A patriot of this, distinctively ethical type, would want to see justice done, rights respected, human solidarity at work at any time and in any place. But her patriotism would be at work in a concern that her country be guided by these moral principles and values which is more sustained and more deeply felt than her concern that these principles and values should be put into practice generally. She would consider her own moral identity as bound up with that of her country, and the moral record of the patria as hers too. Unlike a patriot of the more worldly type, she might not feel great pride in her country’s worldly merits and achievements. She would be proud of the country’s moral record, when it inspires pride. But her patriotism would be expressed, above all, in a critical approach to her country and compatriots: she would feel entitled, and indeed called, to submit them to critical moral scrutiny, and to do so qua patriot.

While we have no moral reason to be patriots of the more usual, mundane kind, we do have reason to show special concern for our own country’s moral well-being. As a rule, when someone is wronged, someone else benefits from that. When a country maintains an unjust or inhumane practice, or enacts and enforces an unjust or inhumane law or policy, at least some, and sometimes many of its citizens reap benefits from it. Sometimes such a practice, legislation or policy affects people beyond the country’s borders; in such cases, the population as a whole may benefit. The responsibility for the injustice or lack of basic human solidarity lies with those who make the decisions and those who implement them. It also lies with those who give support to such decisions and their implementation. But some responsibility in this connection may also devolve on those who have no part in the making of the decisions or in their implementation, nor even provide support, but accept the benefits such a practice, law or policy generates.

A degree of complicity may also accrue to those who have no part in designing or putting into effect immoral practices, laws or policies, do not support them or benefit from them, but do benefit in various ways from being citizens of the country. One may derive significant psychological benefit from membership in and identification with a society or polity: from the sense of belonging, support and security such membership and identification afford. If one accepts such benefits, while knowing about the immoral practices, laws or policies at issue, or having no excuse for not knowing about them, that, too, may be seen as implicating him in those wrongs. To be sure, he makes no causal contribution to those wrongdoings, has no control over their course, and does not accept benefits from them. But in accepting benefits from his association with the wrongdoers, he may be seen as underwriting those wrongs and joining the class of those properly blamed. His complicity is lesser and the blame to be laid at his door is lesser too – but he still bears some moral responsibility and deserves some moral blame on that account. He cannot say in good faith: “Those wrongs have nothing to do with me. I am in no way implicated in them.”

If this is correct, we have reason to develop and exercise a special concern for the moral identity and integrity of our country. By doing so, we will be attending to an important aspect of our own moral identity and integrity. While patriotism of the more usual, worldly kind is neither morally required nor virtuous, but at best morally permitted, ethical patriotism can, under certain fairly common circumstances, be a moral duty (Primoratz 2006).

While moral philosophers debate the standing of patriotism as an instance of the problem of reconciling universal moral considerations with particular attachments and loyalties, political theorists are primarily interested in patriotism as an ethos of the well-ordered polity and an antidote to nationalism. Since the rise of the nation-state, it has been widely held that some form of nationalism is indispensable as a pre-political basis of the unity of the state that makes for solidarity among citizens and provides them with motivation to participate in public life and make sacrifices for the common good. As Roger Scruton put it, “for a liberal state to be secure, the citizens must understand the national interest as something other than the interest of the state . Only the first can evoke in them the sacrificial spirit upon which the second depends” (Scruton 1990, 319). But in the course of the 20 th century nationalism was deeply compromised. That has led political theorists to look for alternatives. Some have argued that an emphatically political patriotism could perform the unifying function of nationalism while avoiding its perils. This “new patriotism” puts aside, or at least de-emphasizes, pre-political ties such as common ancestry, language, or culture, and enjoins love of, and loyalty to, one’s political community, its laws and institutions, and the rights and liberties they make possible.

In view of the disastrous record of national socialism, it is not surprising that German thinkers in particular should be suspicious of patriotism as long as it has not been dissociated from nationalism. As early as 1959, political theorist Dolf Sternberger called for a new understanding of the concept of fatherland. “The fatherland is the ‘republic,’ which we create for ourselves. The fatherland is the constitution, to which we give life. The fatherland is the freedom which we truly enjoy only when we ourselves promote it, make use of it, and stand guard over it” (Sternberger 1990, 12). In 1979, on the 30 th anniversary of the Federal Republic, he coined the term “constitutional patriotism” ( Verfassungspatriotismus ) to describe the loyalty to the patria understood in these terms (13–16). The term was later adopted by Jürgen Habermas in the context of a case for overcoming pre-political, i.e. national and cultural, loyalties in public life, and supplanting them with a new, postnational, purely political identity embodied in the laws and institutions of a free and democratic state. Habermas argues that this identity, expressed in and reinforced by constitutional patriotism, can provide a solid foundation for such a state, given the ethnic and cultural heterogeneity characteristic of most countries in western Europe. It can also facilitate further European integration, and provide an antidote to the “chauvinism of affluence” tempting these countries (Habermas 1990).

Constitutional patriotism is the most widely discussed, but not the sole variety of “new patriotism.” Another is “covenanted patriotism” advocated by John H. Schaar as appropriate for countries whose population is much too ethnically and culturally heterogeneous to allow for “natural patriotism.” Schaar’s paradigmatic example is the United States, whose citizens “were bonded together not by blood or religion, not by tradition or territory, not by the walls and traditions of a city, but by a political idea … by a covenant, by dedication to a set of principles and by an exchange of promises to uphold and advance certain commitments” (Schaar 1981, 291). Still another variety is the “patriotism of liberty” propounded by Maurizio Viroli, who calls for a return to what patriotism used to be before it was harnessed in the service of the nation-state and submerged in nationalism: love of the laws and institutions of one’s polity and the common liberty they make possible (Viroli 1995).

This new, emphatically political version of patriotism has been met with both sympathy and skepticism. Those sympathetic to it have been discussing the prospects of a European constitutional patriotism (see Müller 2007, 93–139). Skeptics have argued that patriotism disconnected from all pre-political attachments and identities can generate only much too thin a sense of identity and much too weak a motivation for political participation – that, thus understood, “patriotism is not enough” (Canovan 2000).

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How to cite this entry . Preview the PDF version of this entry at the Friends of the SEP Society . Look up topics and thinkers related to this entry at the Internet Philosophy Ontology Project (InPhO). Enhanced bibliography for this entry at PhilPapers , with links to its database.

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communitarianism | consequentialism | cosmopolitanism | egoism | impartiality | loyalty | nationalism | obligations: special | political obligation | responsibility: collective

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Simon Keller, Stephen Nathanson, and Thomas Pogge for helpful comments on a draft of this article.

Copyright © 2020 by Igor Primoratz < igorprim @ gmail . com >

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Essay on Patriotism

Students are often asked to write an essay on Patriotism in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Patriotism

Understanding patriotism.

Patriotism is a strong emotional attachment to one’s country. It’s about loving your homeland, its culture, traditions, and values. It’s not just about waving flags on national holidays, but respecting the nation’s laws and working for its betterment.

Importance of Patriotism

Patriotism is important because it fosters unity and helps in nation-building. It encourages citizens to contribute positively to their country’s prosperity. A patriotic person will always strive for the welfare of their nation.

Patriotism Vs Nationalism

While patriotism is about love for one’s country, nationalism can sometimes lead to a sense of superiority over other nations. It’s important to maintain a balance and respect all nations equally.

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250 Words Essay on Patriotism

Patriotism, often perceived as an intense emotion, is the feeling of love and devotion towards one’s country. It is a bond that connects citizens, transcending their individual differences, and unifying them under a shared identity. However, patriotism is not merely an emotion; it is a value that guides actions and behaviors.

The Essence of Patriotism

At its core, patriotism is about responsibility. It compels individuals to contribute to the well-being of their nation. This could range from voting and obeying laws to serving in the military or volunteering for community service. It fosters a sense of community, encouraging citizens to work for the collective good rather than personal gain.

Patriotism vs Nationalism

While patriotism is a unifying force, it’s crucial to distinguish it from nationalism. Nationalism, when extreme, can lead to xenophobia and intolerance, as it involves placing one’s country’s interests above all others. On the other hand, patriotism is about appreciating one’s country while respecting the sovereignty and value of other nations.

The Role of Patriotism in Democracy

In a democratic society, patriotism plays a vital role. It instills a sense of civic duty, ensuring citizens participate actively in the democratic process. Moreover, it encourages critical thinking, as true patriots question and challenge their government’s actions to ensure they align with the nation’s best interests.

In conclusion, patriotism is a complex and multifaceted concept. It is more than just love for one’s country; it’s about responsibility, respect, and active participation in civic life. It’s a force that, when harnessed correctly, can lead to a stronger, more inclusive society.

500 Words Essay on Patriotism

The concept of patriotism.

Patriotism, in its simplest form, can be defined as the love and devotion one feels for their homeland. However, the concept extends beyond mere emotional attachment and encompasses a broad spectrum of thoughts, actions, and commitments. It’s a complex amalgam of pride, gratitude, and a sense of duty. This essay aims to delve into the multifaceted notion of patriotism and how it shapes our society.

Patriotism and National Identity

Patriotism is intrinsically linked to national identity. It is a force that binds a diverse group of individuals into a cohesive whole, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose. It is the thread that weaves the social fabric and gives a nation its unique character. Patriotism fuels the collective consciousness of a nation’s people, inspiring them to work towards the common good and uphold the values that define their nationhood.

Critical Patriotism

However, patriotism should not be equated with blind nationalism or jingoism. It must be understood as a nuanced sentiment that balances pride in one’s country with a critical perspective. This approach, often referred to as ‘critical patriotism’, encourages individuals to question and challenge their government’s actions when they seem unjust or contrary to the nation’s values. It underscores the importance of active citizenship and the role of dissent in a democratic society.

Patriotism and Global Responsibility

In the era of globalization, the concept of patriotism has evolved to accommodate a broader, more inclusive perspective. It is no longer limited to one’s loyalty towards their nation but extends to a sense of responsibility towards the global community. This form of ‘global patriotism’ recognizes the interconnectedness of our world and the shared challenges we face, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. It promotes international cooperation and solidarity, emphasizing that patriotism and cosmopolitanism are not mutually exclusive.

The Role of Education in Nurturing Patriotism

Education plays a crucial role in nurturing patriotism. It is through education that young minds are introduced to their nation’s history, culture, and values. However, the goal of education should not be to instill a narrow, uncritical form of patriotism. Instead, it should aim to foster a form of patriotism that encourages critical thinking, social responsibility, and global awareness. This approach can help create a generation of patriots who are not only proud of their heritage but are also committed to their nation’s progress and the betterment of the global community.

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Smart and timely features from our books and authors

What Does Patriotism Mean in America Today?

July 4 th generally conjures images of barbeques, fireworks, and large, billowing flags. But due to large protests against police brutality, concerns of COVID, and an upcoming election that symbolizes both fear and hope for many, the holiday this year looks very different. This Independence Day, instead of a celebration of patriotism, we wanted to dedicate some time to reflecting on it. We invited three of our political science authors to answer the following questions: What does patriotism mean in America today? Given that definition, should Americans be patriotic today? Below are their thoughtful responses.

LaFleur Stephens-Dougan author of Race to the Bottom: How Racial Appeals Work in American Politics

Reflecting on what patriotism means to me so close to the celebration of our nation’s Independence Day is a weighty endeavor.  In my opinion, patriotism in the United States is fraught with contradiction, especially for Black Americans. Black Americans have made countless contributions to the United States, a country they love, but are still engaged in a centuries-old struggle for economic, political, and social equality.  As the child of Black immigrants, who came to this country voluntarily, I am acutely aware of the sacrifices that African Americans have made on behalf on all of us, essentially serving as the nation’s conscience—the keepers of democracy. 

Patriotism means loving one’s country so much that you hold it accountable to the ideals that it proclaims.  You call on patriots to strive to live out stated ideals: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. According to the Declaration of Independence, this trifecta of inalienable rights was given to all humans by their creator, and, government was formed to protect these  rights  for all citizens.  Yet, some 244 years later after that document was penned, Black people are disproportionately dying at the hands of the state, and sometimes at the hands of civilians, who question whether Black people should jog (Ahmaud Arbery), walk home from the store (Trayvon Martin), or ask for help (Renisha McBride).

Of course, the Declaration of Independence was authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson, himself a slaveholder.  He surely did not perceive African Americans as beneficiaries of the ideals he had mind.  Still, Black people remain America’s moral conscience.  Even amidst a global pandemic that has disproportionately harmed African Americans, that same community and their allies rightly protest to hold the country accountable to its own stated ideals.  As we reflect on Independence Day 2020, there’s nothing more patriotic than that, in my humble opinion.

Rachel Blum, author of How the Tea Party Captured the GOP: Insurgent Factions in American Politics

The protests following the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor by their own government have brought two warring visions of American patriotism into sharp relief: patriotism as a characteristic and patriotism as an action. In this first vision patriotism is a characteristic that is possessed by a certain group of people (patriots). These patriots consider themselves to be the only “real” Americans — the only ones deserving of the full rights and protections of citizenship. Here’s the catch: membership in the patriot class is almost exclusively reserved for native-born, English-speaking whites. Conceived in this way, patriotism is just another tool for discriminating between “us” and “them.”  In the second vision, patriotism is an active state of caring for the country you call home and the people in it. Caring for your country is different from blindly loving it, or swearing fealty to its leaders. It bears more resemblance to the way members of a family care for one another: paying attention, taking responsibility for one another’s well-being, having difficult conversations about problematic behaviors, and protecting one another from abuse. The question is not whether Americans today should be patriotic, but which vision of patriotism we will choose.

Benjamin I. Page, coauthor of Democracy in America? What Has Gone Wrong and What We Can Do About It

Patriotism can be thoughtful or shallow; loving or hostile; encompassing or exclusive; uplifting or complacent. It can be subservient or independent. Judging by our public discourse, Americans today may seem to have sunk into the lowest sort of exclusive and xenophobic patriotism. Our ills, from the pandemic to terrorism to poverty, are blamed on “foreign” scapegoats – China, Muslims, Mexican immigrants. The bully pulpit is used to bully. A debased vision of national greatness celebrates racism, nativism, sexism, and go-it-alone nationalism.

But studies of public opinion make clear that this rancid rhetoric from politicians and shouters does not reflect the views of most ordinary Americans. To most, patriotism means inclusive love of family, friends, community, and country – in all their diversity and messiness – without hatred of the “other.” To most, patriotism allows for criticism, seeks progress, and embraces cooperation rather than conflict with the wider world. On this Independence Day it is quite possible to love our country while working to replace officials and abate the noxious noise that bombards us.

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Essay on Patriotism: Samples for Students in 100, 250, 500 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 13, 2023

Essay on Patriotism: Patriotism can be defined as one’s love and loyalty towards their country. Everybody loves to serve their country and take it to new heights. These people are referred to as patriots. The feeling of patriotism allows a set of people to come closer. It must be promoted for the betterment of the country as well as the people residing there. 

Those who are true patriots work towards building their nation in whichever way they can. Here are essays on Patriotism of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Patriotism essay as per your interest. 

Also Read: Maharana Pratap: The Patriotic Hero of the Century

Essay on Patriotism in 100 Words

Patriotism in India is a fervent devotion and love for one’s country, deeply ingrained in its rich history and diverse culture. It transcends mere flag-waving and extends to an unwavering commitment to the nation’s progress. Patriotism finds expression in the sacrifices made by countless freedom fighters for India’s independence, serving as a timeless inspiration.

This sentiment is not confined to any particular religion, caste, or creed; it unites Indians from all backgrounds. It is evident in the respect for the national flag and anthem, symbolizing the collective pride of  1.4 billion people.

Patriotism isn’t blind allegiance; it involves constructive criticism and an earnest desire for India to reach greater heights. It fuels the spirit of nation-building, fostering unity in diversity and preserving the values that make India unique. In a rapidly changing world, patriotism remains the bedrock upon which India’s future is built, reminding all Indians of their duty to their beloved motherland.

Also Read- Famous Personalities Of India

Essay on Patriotism in 250 Words

Patriotism is a powerful force that has shapes a country’s history and continues to influence its present. In this essay, we will explore the significance of patriotism in India, its historical roots, and its manifestations in contemporary society.

Historical Roots of Patriotism

India’s rich history of patriotism can be traced back to its struggle for independence against British colonial rule. Visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose inspired millions with their unwavering love for the nation. Their sacrifices and dedication instilled a deep sense of patriotism in the hearts of Indians.

Diverse and United

India’s diversity in culture, language, and religion is a testament to its unity in diversity. Patriotism in India transcends these differences, binding the nation together. Indians take pride in their heritage, from the majestic Himalayas to the serene backwaters of Kerala. This love for the motherland fosters a sense of belonging and unity.

Modern Expressions of Patriotism

Today, patriotism finds expression in various forms. Indians celebrate their independence on August 15th with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural events. Social media has provided a platform for citizens to express their love for India, and campaigns like “Make in India” promote economic patriotism by supporting indigenous products.

Patriotism in India is a deep-seated emotion that binds its people together. Rooted in history, it has evolved to suit the modern world. As India continues to progress, patriotism remains a guiding force, reminding citizens of their responsibilities and the importance of unity in building a brighter future for the nation.

Also Read: Education of Rabindranath Tagore

Essay on Patriotism in 500 Words 

Introduction.

Patriotism in India is an enduring sentiment deeply etched into the collective psyche of its citizens. This essay explores the multifaceted dimensions of patriotism, tracing its historical roots, examining its contemporary expressions, and highlighting the challenges and responsibilities it entails.

Historical Legacy of Patriotism

1. The Freedom Struggle: Patriotism in India finds its origins in the arduous struggle for independence from British colonial rule. Visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose became iconic symbols of unwavering love for the nation. Their sacrifices and dedication stirred the hearts of millions, laying the foundation for modern Indian patriotism.

2. Iconic Moments: The Salt March, Quit India Movement, and Dandi March stand as enduring symbols of patriotic fervor. These historic events not only marked milestones in the journey towards independence but also demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance and unity.

Diverse and Unified

1. Unity in Diversity: India’s remarkable diversity in culture, language, religion, and geography is a testament to its unity in diversity. Despite these differences, Indians share a common bond of love for the motherland. This sense of belonging transcends regional and cultural boundaries.

2. Cultural Expressions: India’s rich cultural tapestry, from the majestic Himalayas to the vibrant festivals of Holi and Diwali, serves as a canvas for expressions of patriotism. Songs, dances, and traditional rituals celebrate the nation’s heritage and its people’s attachment to it.

1. National Celebrations: Independence Day and Republic Day are grand celebrations that unite the nation. Flag hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural performances showcase the pride Indians take in their country’s achievements.

2. Economic Patriotism: Initiatives like “Make in India” promote economic patriotism by encouraging the consumption of indigenous products. Supporting local businesses and industries is seen as a way to contribute to the nation’s growth.

Challenges and Responsibilities

1. Upholding Democratic Values: Patriotism must go hand in hand with upholding democratic values. Respecting the Constitution, ensuring equal rights, and promoting social justice are crucial aspects of being a patriotic Indian.

2. Tackling Divisions: While patriotism unites, it can also be misused to promote division and intolerance. Indians must be vigilant against divisive ideologies that threaten the nation’s unity.

3. Environmental Responsibility: Protecting India’s natural heritage is an essential facet of patriotism. Preserving forests, rivers, and wildlife ensures a sustainable future for the country.

Patriotism in India is a timeless bond that has withstood the test of time. Rooted in a history of struggle, it has evolved to encompass the vast diversity of the nation. 

As India continues to progress on the global stage, patriotism remains a guiding force, reminding citizens of their responsibilities and the importance of unity in shaping a brighter future for the nation. It is a sentiment that continues to inspire and define India’s identity in the modern world.

Ans. Patriotism arises organically and holds great importance in safeguarding a nation’s cultural and historical legacy. It involves a deep sense of pride in being a representative of one’s country. Patriotism encompasses a profound love for the nation and a willingness to endure any hardship for the sake of one’s homeland.

Ans. The top 5 points of a best patriot are a unique fondness for one’s native land, a feeling of personal connection to the nation, a particular care for the welfare of the country and readiness to make sacrifices to advance the nation’s welfare.

Ans. The term “patriot” refers to an individual who harbors a deep affection for their homeland and is willing to courageously uphold and protect it. This definition has remained constant since the word was introduced to the English language in the 16th century, although it has faced occasional scrutiny and debate over the years.

We hope that this blog essay on Patriotism has given you some known and unknown facts and secrets about Patriotism. For more amazing reads on essay writing , follow Leverage Edu. 

Aditi Gupta

A bachelors in Journalism and Mass Communication graduate, I am an enthusiastic writer. I love to write about impactful content which can help others. I love to binge watch and listen to music during my free time.

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104 Patriotism Essay Ideas & Examples

Welcome to our list of patriotism essay ideas! Choose among positive and negative topics on patriotism and make sure to check out our patriotism essay examples.

🔝 Top 10 Patriotism Essay Ideas to Write about

🏆 best patriotism topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 most interesting patriotism topics to write about, 👍 good research topics about patriotism, ❓ questions related to patriotism.

• Patriotism and Global Citizenship
• Traditional and Popular Patriotic Songs
• Patriotism, Diversity, and Multiculturalism
• Social Media’s Effect on National Sentiment
• What Happens to Patriotism in Times of Crisis?
• Does Patriotism Foster Civic Engagement?
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Essay on Patriotism | Patriotism Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Patriotism in English: What is Patriotism Essay ?  Patriotism is best defined by stating that it refers to the quality of a person supporting his country and ready to defend his country. A patriot never thinks twice before devoting his life to the liberation of the country. Patriotism is the secret behind a flourishing country. The sacrifices that a man makes for Patriotism are commendable, and that makes a patriot immortal .  We have compiled some long and short essay about patriotism for the use of the readers.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Patriotism in English for Students and Kids in English

Given below is an extended essay on Patriotism 400-500 words and is suitable for the students of standards 7, 8, 9, and 10 and a short piece of nearly 100-150 words for the students of standard 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Long Essay on Patriotism in English 500 Words

The immense passionate love and affection one has for his country are known as patriotism. It is a virtue that pushes the citizens of the country to work for their country devotedly and selflessly. A country cannot be called a developed nation only if it succeeds in the field of economy and literacy; true patriots are the backbone of the country. True patriotism is only when one thinks about his country before he thinks about himself. It is tested in crucial times like war, pandemic, natural disasters and national emergencies.

The citizens of the country claim their country as their motherland and therefore have the same love and affection for their countries as they have for their mother.

Moreover, with the real sense of patriotism, comes the sense of responsibility. It helps one work for the country to build a better future for the country and the countrymen. It promotes fraternity and helps the citizens to stay in harmony with one another. Patriotism even helps in removing corruption and selfishness amongst the countrymen.

India had glorious patriots that helped in bringing independence to the country. The Patriots made a lot of sacrifices for their motherland and helped the country prosper and flourish. Some of the greatest Indian patriots are Maulana Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rani Lakshmi Bai and many other notable personalities.

The patriots have no fear of losing their lives on the battlefield for their country for doing some good to the country. Also, patriotism does not necessarily mean fighting for the country and shedding blood. True love for the country and thinking about the progress of the country is patriotism.

Not all who show or try to explain are patriots. Many pseudo-patriots like to take undue advantage of the situation. They neither do have any discipline or character nor do they have any sense of morality and sacrifice. They live in their fictitious world created by them. They are instead the enemies of the country.

A true patriot is respected even after his death. The soul of the patriot is immortal and deserves immense respect. A famous quote by Shakespeare is very relatable to this context, it says, “Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death once.”

Patriots like Shivaji, Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru are even remembered for their deeds today. They were the face of the fearless, and they fought for their motherland and contributed to her independence.

Short Essay on Patriotism in 150 Words English

Patriotism is a beautiful feeling and is a virtue. It is the act of loving and defending one’s country. A true patriot will never think about his life before acting any action that will do his country some good.

Being a patriot does not mean that one has to be violent in his actions, one can protest silently, and that protest is more effective.

The future of the country depends on the young. If young citizens are enthusiastic about their country and are real patriots, the progress of the country is guaranteed.

Not everyone who tries to claim themselves is a patriot; some false patriots like to take advantage of the situations and be selfish enough to look for the profit they will derive by speaking for or against the case.

We must keep in mind that because of true patriotic leaders like Netaji, Nehru, Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Bhagat Singh and many other eminent personalities, our country is free today.

10 Lines on Patriotism Essay in Engish

• An act of being courageous and being ready to sacrifice for one’s own country is called Patriotism.
• Patriotism does not necessarily mean being violent or outrageous, and protests can be done silently.
• Showcasing love for the country on occasions like Republic Day, Independence Day, etc. is not true Patriotism.
• Being proud of the country and thinking about the country’s welfare is what a true patriot does.
• Patriotism can neither be spoon-fed nor can be taught, and it is one of the purest feelings that a man develops on his own.
• Patriotism helps to build up bonds with fellow countrymen and also helps in promoting the idea of fraternity.
• The slightest sense of responsibility and love for the country amongst the kids must be respected and guided by the teachers and the elders to make them a dependable and admirable patriot of the nation.
• The pride that one takes while expressing love about their motherland is also an essay sign of Patriotism.
• We should always keep notice of false patriots who live in their shell and only know how to take undue advantage of the situation.
• The citizens must imbibe in them the virtue of Patriotism to help the country prosper.

FAQ’s on Patriotism Essay

Question 1. How to define Patriotism?

Answer: One’s love for the country without blindly following all the cultural and ceremonial believes is called Patriotism.

Question 2. Why is Patriotism important?

Answer: Patriotism helps in the development of the country and helps the country prosper. It also helps in preserving the country’s image and make it a better place to live in.

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What Does Patriotism Mean To You?

This Memorial Day weekend, NPR's Scott Simon looks at what patriotism means for longtime civil rights leader the Rev. William J. Barber II and for visitors to the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Copyright © 2018 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

Essay on Patriotism 500+ words

Patriotism is a deep love and devotion for one’s country. It’s more than waving a flag; it’s about valuing our nation’s history, culture, and values. In this essay, we’ll explore the importance of patriotism and how it brings people together, fosters pride, and shapes our identity.

A Sense of Belonging

Patriotism creates a sense of belonging. When we feel proud of our country, we feel connected to all its citizens, regardless of our differences. According to a study by the Pew Research Center, 72% of Americans believe that being patriotic means loving their country, while 62% say it means respecting their fellow citizens.

Uniting in Times of Crisis

Patriotism unites people during challenging times. When faced with natural disasters or national crises, citizens come together to support each other. For instance, after Hurricane Katrina hit the United States, countless patriotic volunteers rushed to help those in need, showcasing the power of unity.

Patriotism’s Role in History

Throughout history, patriotism has played a crucial role in shaping nations. The American Revolution, for example, was fueled by the deep love for freedom and the desire to build a better nation. Our Founding Fathers were patriots who fought for the principles we hold dear today.

A Source of Civic Responsibility

Patriotism encourages civic responsibility. When we love our country, we’re more likely to engage in activities that benefit society. According to a report by the Corporation for National and Community Service, patriotic individuals are more likely to volunteer, vote, and participate in community projects.

Patriotism as a Bridge

Patriotism acts as a bridge between generations. It helps pass down important values and traditions to younger citizens. Grandparents often share stories of their experiences, teaching their grandchildren about the sacrifices made for the country and instilling a sense of pride.

Fostering Respect for Diversity

Patriotism doesn’t mean we’re all the same; it means we appreciate our diversity. It’s about respecting the rights and beliefs of others, even when they differ from our own. Patriotism promotes tolerance and open dialogue, allowing us to work together for a better future.

Patriotism and National Symbols

National symbols like flags and anthems hold special meaning for patriots. They represent the sacrifices made and the values upheld by a nation. When we see these symbols, we’re reminded of our shared history and the importance of preserving our way of life.

Patriotism and Civic Education

Civic education teaches us about our nation’s history and values, fostering patriotism. According to a report by the National Center for Education Statistics, students who receive a strong civic education are more likely to understand and appreciate the principles upon which their country was founded.

Conclusion of Essay on Patriotism

In conclusion, patriotism is not blind devotion; it’s a deep love and appreciation for our country’s history, culture, and values. It unites us in times of need, fosters civic responsibility, and bridges generations. Patriotism doesn’t erase our differences but encourages us to respect and value them. As we wave our flags and sing our anthems, let us remember that patriotism is a force for unity and pride, shaping our identity as citizens and bringing us together as a nation. By nurturing our patriotism, we ensure a brighter future for ourselves and the generations to come.

Also Check: 500+ Words Essay on Should Plastic be Banned

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What Is Patriotism Essay? – Definitions, Topics, Examples

Do you want to write a patriotism essay and don’t know where to start? Don’t worry about it too much! We are here to help you write the best patriotism essay possible in the shortest amount of time. We will explain the concept of patriotism and clarify why it is essential, discuss patriotism essay examples, and then provide you with some topics. Some tips and tricks are included and the end of the blog post. They should make it much easier to write a patriotic essay.

What Is Patriotism Essay?

Why is patriotism important is it the same as nationalism, good patriotism examples make for good essays, patriotism essay list of 68 topics, get our patriotism essay examples, the importance of patriotic essay examples, tips for the best essay on patriotism.

The first thing we want to discuss is the definition of the patriotism essay. What is patriotism essay? Defining patriotism is a very difficult thing to do. Some would tell you that it is the love and devotion one feels for their country. Others would tell you that it is just a set of principles. And then there are others who consider patriotism to be just a special feeling. You will need to know all these definitions if you want to write a patriotism definition essay. However, in most cases, you will be required to write an essay on patriotism, not on its definition. That means you will have to decide what patriotism means specifically to you. It will influence the way you write the academic paper, of course. However, no approach is wrong, simply because patriotism has different meanings to different people. That applies to everything from a speech on patriotism to patriotism in a sentence prompt.

In some cases, you may be required to write a ”what does patriotism mean to me essay.” That is a bit more complicated because you need to understand why patriotism is important. It also means you have to know the differences between it and nationalism. Be aware that nationalism is not simply the love for the people who live in a country. And patriotism is not the love for the country. The reality is that patriotism is a moral principle, a feeling, or a level of loyalty to the country. On the other hand, nationalism is a political ideology that protects the interests of everything a nation stands for: people, language, traditions, industry, etc.

When writing an article on patriotism, it is important to realize that the patriotism essay ideas you come up with are very important. You want a topic that is both interesting and original. You want something you can write about, so make sure the topic you choose has plenty of information about it online. However, make sure to narrow down the topic – unless you want to write a short novel on it. You can find plenty of examples of American patriotism all over the Internet, so you have a lot of topics to choose from. Ensure the topic is something your classmates didn’t think about. You can read some patriotism essay examples to get an idea of how experienced writers organize their writing and their ideas. Don’t hesitate to look at the winners of a patriotism essay contest. You’ll find a lot of neat ideas. And you also learn how a proper patriotism essay is written.

We have answered the “why is patriotism important” question and helped you pick the right topic. But we are prepared to do much more. We have asked our experienced patriotism essay writers to compile a list of topics for our readers. Patriotism is a broad concept, and there are many standpoints that you can perceive it. If you want to write a patriotism essay or you need patriotism ideas, here are some topics that you can write about:

• What is true patriotism?
• Do Americans still practice true patriotism?
• Can patriotism be related to extremism?
• American heroes and their patriotic acts.
• The uniqueness of American patriotism
• How is American patriotism different from that of other countries?
• Does patriotism change the way we treat foreigners?
• How did American patriotism start?
• How to reach patriotism to children and teenagers
• Movies that portray patriotism
• How music has helped to explain the concept of patriotism.
• Is dissent the highest form of patriotism?
• Dying for your country: patriotism or suicide?
• What does patriotism mean to you?
• How does patriotism affect our relationship with people from other countries?
• Difference between patriotism and nationalism
• President John F. Kennedy’s We Choose To Go To The Moon speech and how it portrays patriotism.
• The true definition of patriotism
• How the entertainment industry teaches true patriotism.
• What is blind patriotism?
• Are patriots racists?
• Is the patriotism level in the country declining or increasing?
• Patriotism 100 years ago and now: what has changed?
• What role does patriotism play in genocide?
• How is patriotism reflected in our day-to-day lives?
• How did patriotism help to galvanize World War I?
• Xenophobia is an act of patriotism, true or false?
• The difference between patriotism and cosmopolitanism
• How does patriotism influence the kind of products we use?
• Do people consider patriotism when choosing the kind of car to buy?
• Rock n Roll and patriotism
• Patriotic acts that people need to emulate
• Breaking the law in the name of patriotism: can that be regarded as patriotism?
• Misconceptions about patriotism
• How the government and other people have exploited patriotism for their selfish use
• Is patriotism taught in school?
• Why patriotism should or should not be taught in schools
• Is American patriotism the same as blind patriotism?
• Is terrorism also a form of patriotism?
• How to encourage people to be more patriotic
• Is patriotism important? Why?
• What are the benefits of patriotism?
• How is patriotism portrayed in literary works?
• What is/are the correlation(s) between patriotism and colonialism?
• What is/are the correlation(s) between patriotism and nationalism?
• Patriotism and realism: How to connect one with another
• Are there limits to what you should do as a true patriot?
• What is the meaning of overwhelming patriotism?
• How to pursue your American dream as a patriot
• The national anthem and the national pledge and how it helps you to be more patriotic
• Examples of patriotism during the American Revolution.
• Compare and contrast patriotism and xenophobia.
• Are conscientious objectors traitors?
• What patriotism means to me?
• The worst case of ethnic chauvinism.
• What does true patriotism mean?
• Patriotism still matters in the modern world. (excellent pride in one’s country essay topic)
• The difference between patriotism and nationalism.
• Teens and patriotism today.
• The importance of Independence Day.
• Why are we proud of our patriots?
• Veterans and their tales of patriotism.
• Is patriotism a good thing?
• What is national chauvinism?
• Discussing the pledge of allegiance in schools.
• Patriotism is an excuse for war.
• Is patriotism stronger than the love for family?
• Avoiding western chauvinism and learning from our mistakes.

These topics are excellent starting points for any high school or college student. Remember that finding amazing patriotism examples is important — the more interesting the tale, the better the essay. There are many ways to state your ideas and express your views about patriotism in essays by presenting facts and deducing a conclusion.

A group of people can pick a topic from different patriotism essay ideas and write entirely different essays. There are different ways patriotic essays can be written. It all depends on how the writer views the topic.

If the essay is a narrative essay like the President John F. Kennedy’s ‘We Choose To go To the Moon speech;’

• Narrate every bit of the event. Paint a mental picture of the event so that the reader can understand the history of the essay.
• After narrating the event, draw out parts of the story that relate to patriotism.
• One after the other, explain how these parts that you have drawn relate to patriotism.

When you are writing a patriotic essay that expresses your viewpoint on an issue, the writing style will be different. In essays like “Is American patriotism the same as blind patriotism?” you are expected to present the essay in a detailed and logical manner. You can do that by using the guide below:

• Introduce the essay by explaining the topic. In the example above, you will explain American patriotism and blind patriotism.
• After the introduction, you will present facts to explain both American and blind patriotism.
• Provide correlation(s) between the facts that you have presented.
• End the essay by stating your viewpoint about the subject matter.

There are patriotism essays ideas that require you to take sides on an issue. “Does patriotism change the way we treat foreigners?” is an example of a patriotic essay that needs you to pick aside. To write a similar or more convincing patriotic essay;

• State facts and do not come from an emotional place.
• Be clear on where you stand from the beginning.
• Present your facts that support your stand on the argument.

If you want to write a patriotic essay to persuade people to do something, this is where you apply your emotions. Applying your emotions helps others to relate better and get interested in the message you’re trying to pass.

• Give reasons why you are writing the essay.
• Explain the personal and collective benefits of the essay topic.

Did you know that the best way to learn how to write an amazing patriotism essay is to read the best patriotic essay examples you can find? The truth is that you can learn most of the things simply by carefully reading works written by seasoned writers. You will quickly understand the concepts of patriotism and will also get the chance to see how a good patriotism essay is structured. Don’t miss the chance to write down all the ideas you deem important. Bottom line, you can read an excellent essay on what makes America great, and then replicate its structure and ideas in your own writing. However, make sure you avoid plagiarism.

• The first tip , we can give you is to choose the best topic possible. For example, why not write a ‘dissent is the highest form of patriotism’ essay?
• Second , don’t forget to list the values of patriotism in the intro. Each paragraph of the essay body should discuss and support a single idea. The conclusion is used to sum everything up, and further support your position.
• Third , don’t forget to make effective use of the five-paragraph essay structure (intro, three body paragraphs, conclusion).
• The last tip , and perhaps the most important one is to get help when you need it.

There are many seasoned academic writers who know exactly how to write an amazing patriotic essay, master’s thesis , or any other paper you might possibly need. Don’t hesitate to get help, especially if you are running out of time!

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Essay on Patriotism for Students in 1000 Words

In this post, you will read an Essay on Patriotism for students in 1000 Words. It includes ideology behind patriotism, its importance, history, and about how it works?

Table of Contents

Introduction (Essay on Patriotism)

Ideology behind patriotism.

A Patriotic person is always on his own country’s side or supports his leaders when they deserve it. They are committed to their nation, care about their security, hold their country’s interest at their goal, and will always want their stability, development, and growth. People have an emotional relationship with their country and so this attachment is often referred to as national sentiment and national pride.

Although several people think patriotism has to do with laying somebody’s life for their country, that’s more than that. It implies defending the country in every possible way, working for their battlement or willingness to protect their own lives whenever necessary.

Importance of patriotism

Today they have suffered great hardships for their country and even sometimes have sacrificed a lot of everything for freedom. By self-sacrifice, they receive an immortalized name. Thus many patriots win the hearts and minds of their countrymen after potentially losing many things, including their lives.

History of patriotism in India

How does patriotism work.

Both the parents and teachers need to make efforts to instill the spirit for patriotism throughout the generations to come. We must encourage patriotism sentiment, as when the country’s youths must love the country, feel connected to it, and make an effort or work to make it a stronger nation.

Our flag was not only a piece of cloth with colors on it, although it is a symbol of pride, liberty, devotion, and is colored by the blood of those that have died in protection. And so when a person realizes they can become a true patriot, they encourage those behind him to work to create a powerful, better, and prosperous country.

A true patriot

A fake patriot, patriot’s rewards.

The true patriot works for his mother country and dies. Throughout life and again after the death, he’s respected and loved. That kind of nationalist is everlasting. Among these people are modern-day Rajendra Prasad, Jawaharlal Nehru , Subhash Chandra Bose , and many others. Maharana Pratap, Shivaji, and others have been among many of the Ancients.

The bottom line

“My patriotism requires the public good of mankind.”

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What Is Patriotism? Definition, Examples, Pros and Cons

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Simply stated, patriotism is the feeling of love for one’s country. Demonstrating patriotism—being “patriotic”—is one of the necessities of being the stereotypical good citizen. Patriotism, like many well-intentioned actions, can be harmful when taken to an extreme.

Key Takeaways

• Patriotism is the feeling and expression of love for one’s home country, along with a feeling of unity with those who share those feelings
• Though it shares patriotism’s love of country, nationalism is the belief that one’s home country is superior to all others
• While considered a necessary attribute of good citizenship, when patriotism becomes politically mandatory, it can cross a line

Patriotism Definition

Along with love, patriotism is the feeling of pride, devotion, and attachment to a homeland, as well as a feeling of attachment to other patriotic citizens. Feelings of attachment may be bound further by factors like race or ethnicity, culture, religious beliefs, or history.

Historic Perspective

Patriotism originated some 2,000 years before the rise of nationalism in the 19th century. Greek and especially Roman antiquity provide the roots for a philosophy of political patriotism that conceives loyalty to the “patria,”—the power that the male head of a family exercised over his children—like loyalty to a political conception of the republic. It is associated with the love of law and common liberty, the search for common good , and the duty to behave justly toward one’s country. The Roman meaning of patria is repeated in the context of the Italian city-states of the 15th century, such as Naples and Venice , as representing the common liberty of the city, which can only be safeguarded by the citizens’ civic spirit.

To the Renaissance period Italian diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian Niccolò Machiavelli , the love of common liberty enabled citizens to see their private and particular interests as part of the common good and helped them to resist corruption and tyranny. While a love of the city is typically intermixed with pride in its military strength and cultural superiority, the political institutions and the city's way of life form the distinctive focal point of this kind of patriotic attachment. To love the city is to be willing to sacrifice one’s own good—including one’s life—for common liberty.

While patriotism is evident throughout history, it was not always considered a civic virtue. In 18th-century Europe, for example, devotion to the state was considered a betrayal of devotion to the church.   

Other 18th-century scholars also found fault with what they considered excessive patriotism. In 1775, Samuel Johnson , whose 1774 essay The Patriot criticized those who claimed false devotion to Britain, famously called patriotism “the last refuge of the scoundrel.”

Arguably, America’s first patriots were its Founding Fathers who risked their lives to create a nation that reflected their visions of freedom with equality. They summarized this vision in The Declaration of Independence :

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

In that single sentence, the Founders dispelled the long-held belief of the ruling British Monarchy that an individual’s pursuit of personal happiness was nothing more than a disloyal act of self-indulgence. Instead, they acknowledged that the right of each citizen to pursue personal fulfillment was essential to the qualities, such as ambition and creativity, that would fuel the nation’s economy. As a result, the pursuit of happiness became and remains the force behind America’s entrepreneurial system of free-market capitalism .  

The Declaration of Independence further states, “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” In this phrase, the Founding Fathers rejected the autocratic rule of monarchs and confirmed the revolutionary principle of “government of the people, by the people” as the basis of American democracy and the reason the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution begins with the words “We the People.”

Examples of Patriotism

There are countless ways of showing patriotism. Standing for the National Anthem and reciting the Pledge of Allegiance are obvious ones. Perhaps more importantly, many of the most beneficial acts of patriotism in the U.S. celebrate and strengthen the country. A few of these include:

• Participating in the representative democracy by registering to vote and voting in elections .
• Volunteering for community service or running for elected government office .
• Serving on juries .
• Obeying all laws and paying taxes .
• Understanding the rights, freedoms, and responsibilities contained in the U.S. Constitution .

Patriotism vs. Nationalism

While the words patriotism and nationalism were once considered synonyms, they have taken on different connotations. While both are the feelings of love people feel for their country, the values upon which those feelings are based are very different.

Feelings of patriotism are based on the positive values the country embraces—like freedom, justice, and equality. The patriot believes the system of government and the people of their country are inherently good and work together for a better quality of life.

In contrast, feelings of nationalism are based on a belief that one’s country is superior to all others. It also carries a connotation of distrust or disapproval of other countries, leading to the assumption that other countries are rivals. While patriots do not automatically denigrate other countries, nationalists do, sometimes to the point of calling for their country’s global dominance. Nationalism, through its protectionist beliefs, is the polar opposite of globalism .

Historically, the effects of nationalism have been both positive and negative. While it has driven independence movements, like the Zionist movement that created modern Israel, it was also a key factor in the rise of the German Nazi Party and the Holocaust . 

Patriotism versus nationalism arose as a political issue when former President Donald Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron verbally sparred over the meaning of the terms.

At a rally on October 23, 2018, Trump defended his populist “Make America Great Again” platform and protectionist policies of tariffs on imports, officially declaring himself a “nationalist":

“A globalist is a person that wants the globe to do well, frankly, not caring about our country so much,” he said. “And you know what? We can't have that. You know, they have a word. It sort of became old-fashioned. It's called a nationalist. And I say, really, we’re not supposed to use that word. You know what I am? I’m a nationalist, OK? I’m a nationalist.”

President Macron, speaking at the 100th Armistice Day ceremony in Paris on November 11, 2018, offered a different meaning of nationalism. He defined nationalism as “putting our nation first, and not caring about the others.” By rejecting the interests of other countries, Macron asserted, “We erase what a nation holds dearest, what gives it life, what makes it great and what is essential, its moral values.”

Pros and Cons of Patriotism

Few countries survive and prosper without some degree of patriotic feelings among their people. A love of country and shared pride bring people together, helping them endure challenges. Without shared patriotic beliefs, colonial Americans may not have chosen to travel the road to independence from England. More recently, patriotism brought the American people together to overcome the Great Depression and achieve victory in World War II .

The potential downside of patriotism is that if it becomes a mandatory political doctrine, it can turn groups of people against each other and lead the country to reject its fundamental values.

A few examples from United States history include:

As early as 1798, extreme patriotism, spurred by fears of a war with France , led Congress to enact the Alien and Sedition Acts allowing the jailing of certain U.S. immigrants without due process of law and restricting the First Amendment freedoms of speech and the press .

In 1919, early fears of Communism triggered the Palmer raids resulting in the arrest and immediate deportation without trial of more than 10,000 German- and Russian-American immigrants.

After the December 7, 1941, Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor , the Franklin Roosevelt administration ordered some 127,000 American citizens of Japanese ancestry imprisoned in internment camps for the duration of World War II.

During the Red Scare of the early 1950s, the McCarthy era saw thousands of Americans accused without evidence by the government of being communists or communist sympathizers. After a series of so-called “investigations” conducted by Senator Joseph McCarthy , hundreds of those accused were ostracized and prosecuted for their political beliefs.

• Johnson, Samuel (1774). “ The Patriot .” SamuelJohnson.com
• “ Nationalism .” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Plato.stanford.edu
• Boswell, James, Hibbert, “The Life of Samuel Johnson.” Penguin Classics, ISBN 0-14-043116-0
• Diamond, Jeremy. “ Trump embraces 'nationalist' title at Texas rally .” CNN (October 23, 2018)
• Liptak. Kevin. “ Macron rebukes nationalism as Trump observes Armistice Day. ” CNN (November 12, 2018)
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Essay on Patriotism | Importance | Concept | 100, 150, 200, 300 & 500 Words

Patriotism is a word that gives rise to the feelings of love and respect for one’s country. It is an emotion that can be felt by people of all ages or social statuses. Whether it’s singing the national anthem at a sports event or hoisting the flag on Independence Day, patriotism is an essential part of our lives. Let’s see 5 amazing examples of essay on patriotism.

Essay on Patriotism – 100 + Words

Patriotism is the feeling of love and loyalty for our country. It connects us to our nation. When we are patriotic, we care about our country’s well-being. Patriots help their country make progress. Being patriotic means respecting our flag. It also means appreciating our culture. Being a patriot also means being proud of our country’s achievements. Patriots work together to overcome challenges of any nation. Patriotism teaches us to be responsible citizens. It is a value that should be nourished and celebrated by people of all ages and backgrounds. Patriotism is a feeling we should all aim for. We can show it in different ways, like going to national events or supporting those in need. It’s our duty as citizens to join hands and safeguard our country’s values and freedoms, so that future generations can benefit from them.

Essay on Patriotism | All Class | 150 + Words

Patriotism is a special feeling of love and loyalty towards our own country. It means caring deeply about our nation and wanting to make it better. Being patriotic is like having a strong bond with our mother . We show our love for our country by respecting our flag, appreciating our history, and valuing our traditions. Patriotism is not just for certain groups of people, it is something that everyone can feel. It reminds us to be proud of our country’s achievements and to work together to overcome challenges. When we are patriotic, we understand that we have a responsibility to contribute our part to the progress of our nation. Furthermore, patriotism inspires us to stand up for what is right and just for the good of our country. When faced with challenges or threats to our nation’s safety, patriotism motivates us to act and defend it. In conclusion, patriotism is being patriotic means loving and supporting our nation, and it is something that anyone can embrace.

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Essay on Patriotism | All Class | 200 + Words

Patriotism is the expression of love and devotion towards one’s country. It is the reflection of pride that we feel for our nation and its rich heritage as citizens. When we are patriotic, we deeply care about our country’s well-being and want to make it a better place. Patriotism is not just a word, it’s an emotion that connects us to our nation. It’s the feeling of pride we get when we see our flag flying high. We are filled with respect when we listen to our national anthem being played. Patriotism is important because it gives us a sense of identity and purpose. We become invested in our country’s future and work towards making it better for ourselves and generations to come. Patriotism also promotes unity among people from different backgrounds All people living in a country share a common love for their country. Furthermore, patriotism inspires us to stand up for what is right and just for the good of our country. When faced with challenges or threats to our nation’s safety, patriotism motivates us to take action and defend it. Patriotism motivates us to protect the rights and freedoms that our nation stands for. It inspires us to be good global citizens and to represent our country with dignity and respect. In summary, patriotism is an important quality that unites us as a nation. Let’s welcome patriotism and work hard to improve our country for future generations.

Essay for Patriotism

  When we think of the importance of patriotism, four kinds of people haunt our mind. People of the first kind are those who are chauvinists. They are obsessed with the idea of patriotism. They are practically fascists like Hitler and Mussolini. Such people may be imperialistic like Churchill. The second kind of people is traitors like Quisling. But unlike Quisling, such people generally remain hidden under the surface. Many of them may pose to be great patriots but actually they may be outright traitors. The third kind of people may be just indifferent to the idea of patriotism and they may maintain this indifferent attitude at all times even in the times of calamities and natural disasters. The fourth kind of people, who may be the commonest, may be of the type who remain indifferent to the idea generally but rise to occasion in time of war, floods, earthquakes, cyclones, and famines or other disasters and national calamities. To these kinds may be added a fifth kind. Such people may be more dangerous and treacherous than ordinary traitors. These are the people who engage themselves in antinational activities such as terrorism, communalism, fake currency making, scams, smug selling sensitive military and other information to the enemies of the country, etc.  We must bear in mind that the nation whose people do not have the spirit of patriotism in them, will just disintegrate sooner or later, we must bow to our country which is our motherland where we are born and which supplies us everything we need.  The man who does not love his country is just a dead soul as Sir Walter Scott has said:-

`Breathes there the man with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said?  “This is my own, my native land!”

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Essay on Patriotism | all Class | 300 + Words

Patriotism is not just a word, it’s an emotion that fills our hearts with pride and love for our country. It serves as an inspiration to people all around the world who share similar feelings towards their homeland. It’s not about blind loyalty or following the government blindly, but rather it means to appreciate the sacrifices of our freedom fighters. Patriotism also means standing up for what is right for your country. There have been several patriots who came before us and to work towards creating a better future for generations after us. Being patriotic is important because it instills a sense of unity among citizens of a country. Patriotism also helps in preserving national identity and culture. By celebrating traditions and customs unique to our country, we can embrace diversity while still maintaining a strong sense of belonging. Moreover, patriotism promotes accountability among leaders. When citizens demand change or improvement in their society, they do so out of love for their country and its people. There are certain ways in which we can express ourselves as great patriots. One way to show patriotism is by serving in the military or working for the betterment of society. Another way to express patriotism is by respecting national symbols like flags, anthems, and monuments. It is important to remember that patriotism should never be used as an excuse for hatred towards other countries or cultures. True patriots are those who celebrate diversity and promote unity among their fellow citizens. As citizens of our respective countries, it is essential to understand how our actions impact others around us. We must strive towards creating a peaceful environment where everyone can live together harmoniously without any discrimination based on caste, creed, race, or religion. Whether we are students, teachers, doctors, or farmers, we all can be patriotic and contribute in our ways. It can be through small acts of kindness, volunteering for community service, or actively participating in the democratic process. It’s also important to acknowledge that patriotism can bring unity amongst people who share similar values and beliefs. It may also divide those who don’t agree with each other politically or socially. Therefore, any discussion on patriotism must consider the diverse perspectives of different groups. In conclusion, being patriotic means loving your country wholeheartedly but at the same time respecting other cultures and people around you. Let us all become true patriots by working together to make this world a better place

Essay on Patriotism- 500 + Words

Patriotism, a word that carries immense significance and pride in one’s nation. It is more than just waving flags or singing national anthems; it is an emotion that ignites the fire of love for our country within us. Patriotism comes in many forms and shapes, ranging from acts of sacrifice to simply respecting the laws and institutions of our land. Through this essay on patriotism, we will dive deeper into what patriotism means to us, its importance, benefits, types, and how we can express it in our everyday lives.

What is patriotism?

Patriotism is the devotion and love one feels for their country. It is a deep-rooted emotion that inspires individuals to take pride in their nation’s culture, history, and achievements. Patriotism can be expressed in various ways, from serving in the military to simply following traffic rules. At its core, patriotism is about acknowledging and respecting the values that our country stands for. It means putting aside our individual interests for the greater good of society. Being patriotic doesn’t mean blindly following everything our government does; it means holding them accountable when they fail to uphold those values. Patriotism also involves recognizing and celebrating diversity within our communities while still uniting under a common identity as citizens of a particular country. By embracing each other’s differences, we can work towards creating an inclusive society where everyone feels valued and respected. Patriotism isn’t just about loving your country; it’s about actively working towards making it better. Whether through community service or political activism, every person has a role to play in building a healthier, more prosperous nation.

Definition of patriotism

Patriotism can be defined as the love and devotion that a person has towards their country. It involves recognizing the value and importance of one’s country, its culture, traditions, history, and people. Patriotism is also about showing respect for the symbols and institutions of one’s nation. However, there are different perspectives on what patriotism truly means. Some view it as blind loyalty to one’s government or political leaders while others see it as standing up against injustices perpetrated by those in power. Regardless of how it is interpreted, patriotism plays a significant role in shaping national identity and fostering social cohesion among citizens. It inspires individuals to contribute positively to their communities through acts of service, volunteerism, or civic engagement. In essence, patriotism should be viewed not only as an emotional attachment but also an active commitment towards making society better for all citizens.

The different types of patriotism

Patriotism can take on different forms depending on the individual and their beliefs. Some may express it through their love for their country’s history and culture, while others may show it by serving in the military or community. One type of patriotism is civic patriotism, which involves a commitment to upholding the values and principles of one’s country, such as democracy, freedom, and justice. It often entails being an active participant in society by voting, volunteering, or speaking out against injustice. Another form of patriotism is cultural patriotism which focuses on celebrating and preserving a country’s unique traditions, customs, arts & literature. This kind of Patriotism highlights the importance placed upon language, symbols, and art that have helped shape national identity over time. Militaristic patriotism typically centers around supporting military action taken by one’s government in order to protect its citizens from foreign threats or enemies. This kind of Patriotism has more direct connections with armed forces because they are seen as protecting one’s homeland from external dangers.

The importance of patriotism

Patriotism is an essential aspect of any nation’s culture and identity. It helps to create a sense of unity and belonging among citizens, which is crucial for the development and progress of any country. Patriotism also plays a vital role in promoting national values, traditions, and ideals. One significant importance of patriotism is that it fosters national unity among citizens. When people feel proud to be part of their country, they tend to work towards its prosperity with zeal and enthusiasm. This results in social cohesion, which leads to the stability necessary for sustained growth. Another critical importance of patriotism is that it promotes respect for national institutions such as the government, military forces, judiciary systems etc. Such collective admiration fosters trust among citizens in these institutions resulting in better governance, security as well as law enforcement within state borders. Furthermore, patriotism encourages individuals to participate actively in civic duties such as voting during elections. It emphasizes on citizen participation not only during elections but other forms like volunteering or serving on community boards. This creates trust between governments and citizens leading to stronger democracies where people have more power over decision-making processes. While patriotism has its flaws when taken too far; it serves primarily important roles within nations by fostering loyalty, respect, and appreciation from people living there. Such virtues promote shared goals resulting in peaceful coexistence amongst all groups living within the state borders.

The benefits of patriotism

Patriotism may seem like an abstract concept, but it actually has tangible benefits for both individuals and society as a whole. Here are some of the advantages that come with being patriotic: Firstly, patriotism fosters a sense of unity and belonging among citizens. When people feel connected to their country and its values, they are more likely to work together towards common goals. This can lead to stronger communities, better governance and ultimately, a more prosperous nation. Secondly, patriotism instills a sense of pride in one’s heritage and culture. By celebrating the unique aspects of their country’s history and traditions, citizens can develop a greater appreciation for diversity while also preserving their own identity. Thirdly, patriotism encourages civic engagement and participation in public life. When people care about what happens in their community or country they’re motivated to participate in democracy through voting or volunteering which is essential for maintaining healthy democracies. Studies have shown that patriotic individuals tend to have higher levels of well-being than those who lack national pride. This could be because feeling rooted in something larger than oneself provides comfort during difficult times. In short , Patriotism brings many individual benefits such as fostering unity, bolstering self-esteem, civic duty, and improved well-being

How to Express Patriotism

Expressing patriotism is a personal choice that can take many forms. One way to express patriotism is by flying the flag of your country outside your house or on your car. This simple act shows everyone that you are proud of where you come from and support its values. Another way to express patriotism is by participating in community events such as parades or festivals celebrating national holidays. These events bring people together, fostering a sense of unity and pride for their shared heritage. Furthermore, supporting local businesses and products made in your home country can also be viewed as a form of patriotism. By choosing to buy locally-made goods, you are contributing to the growth and success of your nation’s economy. Additionally, volunteering for causes that support veterans, first responders, or other public servants who risk their lives for the safety and well-being of others can show gratitude towards those who have sacrificed so much for our nation. Expressing patriotism doesn’t have to be grandiose gestures; it can be small actions that reflect one’s love and appreciation for their homeland.

What patriotism means to me

Patriotism means different things to different people, and for me, it’s all about love for my country. It’s the feeling of pride that comes with being a part of something bigger than myself – a nation with its own unique culture, history, and values. To me, patriotism is also about responsibility. As citizens, we have a duty to contribute positively to our society and work towards making it better for future generations. This could mean volunteering in our communities or getting involved in politics to help shape policies that benefit everyone. Another aspect of patriotism that resonates with me is the idea of unity. Despite our differences in race, religion or political beliefs, we are all united by our love for this country. Patriotism reminds us that we are stronger when we stand together as one nation under God. Patriotism inspires gratitude within me – gratitude for the sacrifices made by those who came before us to secure the freedoms and opportunities we enjoy today. It motivates me to do my part in preserving these rights and ensuring they remain available for generations to come. Patriotism is more than just waving flags on Independence Day or singing national anthems; it’s an enduring commitment towards building a better tomorrow while honoring our past heritage.

How to express patriotism

Expressing patriotism can be as simple as displaying the national flag on special occasions or singing the national anthem with pride. However, there are other ways you can show your love for your country. Firstly, being an active and responsible citizen is a great way to express patriotism. This includes paying taxes, obeying laws, and participating in community service activities. Secondly, supporting local businesses and products can also be seen as a form of patriotism. By doing so, you are contributing to the growth of your country’s economy. Thirdly, educating yourself about your country’s history and culture is vital in expressing patriotism. Knowing about significant events that shaped the nation and celebrating cultural festivals helps promote unity among citizens. Spreading positivity about your country through social media platforms or personal interactions also shows how much you care for it. Highlight its achievements and progress as well as acknowledge its shortcomings while striving towards positive change. Expressing patriotism goes beyond just waving flags or reciting anthems; it requires one to actively participate in building a better nation.

Patriotism is a vital element that every citizen of any country should embrace. It brings about unity, helps us to appreciate our heritage and culture, and motivates us to work towards the development of our nation. Patriotism instills in us the sense of responsibility and encourages us to contribute towards making our nation a better place for ourselves and future generations. As citizens, we must strive to promote harmony amongst fellow nationals irrespective of their religion, race or background. Therefore, let’s all express patriotism through various means such as volunteering for community service projects or actively participating in national events. Let’s take pride in our country by promoting peace and unity wherever we find ourselves. Ultimately it is up to each individual patriot to decide how they want their love for their country expressed but always remember that expressing patriotism goes beyond just words – it requires actions.

1.What does patriotism imply in everyday life? Ans : Patriotism manifests in various ways in everyday life. Here are some examples of what patriotism implies in our daily lives: 1) Being patriotic means understanding and following the laws of our country. It implies that we respect the rules and regulations set forth by our government and strive to be law-abiding citizens. 2) Patriotism involves actively participating in civic duties. This can include voting in elections, voicing our opinions on important matters, and staying informed about current events. By engaging in these activities, we contribute to the democratic process and help shape the future of our country. 3) Patriotism extends to our local communities. It implies being actively involved in community service, volunteering, and supporting local initiatives. By giving back to our community, we contribute to its well-being and foster a sense of unity among its members. 4) Patriotism implies embracing the diversity that exists within our country. It means treating all individuals with respect and fairness, regardless of their background, ethnicity, religion, or beliefs. By promoting inclusivity, we strengthen the fabric of our society and work towards a more harmonious nation. In essence, patriotism in everyday life means being an active and engaged citizen who contributes positively to the betterment of our country. It involves upholding the values, principles, and responsibilities that come with being a member of our nation.

2. How is patriotism much better than nationalism? Even though nationalism is a negative concept, why do people follow it? Ans : Patriotism and nationalism are two related but distinct concepts, and their differences lie in their underlying principles and implications. While patriotism can be seen as a positive and inclusive love for one’s country, nationalism often carries more negative connotations and can lean towards exclusionary and aggressive tendencies. Patriotism, at its core, represents a deep love, pride, and loyalty towards one’s own country. It emphasizes a sense of belonging and a desire to contribute to the well-being of the nation. nationalism tends to focus on the superiority and interests of one’s nation over others. It can lead to an exclusionary mindset, fostering divisions and animosity towards those who are perceived as different. Nationalism often prioritizes the pursuit of power and dominance, potentially leading to aggression, discrimination, and conflict. Despite the negative aspects associated with nationalism, some people may still follow it for various reasons. These reasons can include historical factors, a sense of collective identity, economic concerns, or political manipulation. Nationalism can sometimes be used as a tool by individuals or groups to exploit emotions, promote divisive ideologies, or gain power. Additionally, people might be influenced by cultural conditioning, social pressures, or a lack of exposure to alternative perspectives.

3. How important are nationalism and patriotism to having a better nation? Ans : Nationalism and patriotism are important for building a better nation because they foster unity, promote development, and contribute to social stability. They instill a sense of pride and collective identity among citizens, motivating them to work together for their country’s progress. Nationalism and patriotism also help preserve a nation’s cultural heritage and encourage civic responsibility. However, it is important to promote a balanced and inclusive form of nationalism and patriotism that respects diversity and promotes global cooperation.

4. Why is nationalism better than pseudo-liberalism? Ans : Nationalism and pseudo-liberalism are different concepts, so it is not accurate to say one is better than the other. However, pseudo-liberalism, which is an extreme form of liberalism, can have negative consequences. It may prioritize individual freedoms without considering the well-being of society as a whole. In contrast, nationalism, when expressed positively and inclusively, can foster unity and collective progress. It promotes social cohesion and a commitment to the nation. Striving for a balanced approach that respects both individual rights and the needs of the community is important.

5. Which is better for a state, patriotism or nationalism? Ans : Patriotism, with its emphasis on love and loyalty towards one’s country while respecting diversity, is generally considered better for a state than extreme nationalism. Patriotism promotes unity, civic responsibility, and a strong society, while extreme nationalism can lead to divisions and conflicts. Striking a balance and promoting a healthy form of patriotism allows for a united and inclusive state that values cooperation and respects individual rights.

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• Standard Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Patriotism

patriotism , feeling of attachment and commitment to a country , nation, or political community . Patriotism (love of country) and nationalism (loyalty to one’s nation) are often taken to be synonymous, yet patriotism has its origins some 2,000 years prior to the rise of nationalism in the 19th century.

Greek and especially Roman antiquity provide the roots for a political patriotism that conceives of loyalty to the patria as loyalty to a political conception of the republic. It is associated with the love of law and common liberty, the search for the common good , and the duty to behave justly toward one’s country. This classical Roman meaning of patria reemerges in the context of the Italian city republics of the 15th century. Here, patria stands for the common liberty of the city, which can only be safeguarded by the citizens’ civic spirit. For Niccolò Machiavelli , the love of common liberty enabled citizens to see their private and particular interests as part of the common good and helped them to resist corruption and tyranny . While this love of the city is typically intermixed with pride in its military strength and cultural superiority, it is the political institutions and way of life of the city that form the distinctive focal point of this kind of patriotic attachment. To love the city is to be willing to sacrifice one’s own good—including one’s life—for the protection of common liberty.

In contrast to the classical republican conception of patriotism, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Considerations on the Government of Poland can be seen as an early example of the link between nationalism and patriotism. While Rousseau advocated the love of the nation and the celebration of national culture , he believed that national culture is valuable primarily because it helps foster loyalty to the political fatherland. Thus, Rousseau’s nationalism stemmed from and served his typically republican emphasis on securing citizens’ loyalty to their political institutions.

A more explicit link between nationalism and patriotism can be found in the work of German philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder . In Herder’s view, patriotism refers not to a political virtue but to a spiritual attachment to the nation. In this context, fatherland becomes synonymous with the nation and its distinct language and culture, which give it unity and coherence . Thus, instead of linking patriotism to the preservation of political liberty, Herder associates love of one’s country with the preservation of a common culture and the spiritual unity of a people. While in the classical republican tradition, “fatherland” is synonymous with political institutions, for Herder, the nation is prepolitical and love of one’s national culture is a natural inclination that allows a people to express their distinctive character. On this account, patriotism is associated with the exclusive attachment to one’s own culture and thus stands in opposition to cosmopolitanism and cultural assimilation. Freedom is equated not with the fight against political oppression but with the preservation of a unique people and patriotic sacrifice with the desire to secure the long-term survival of the nation.

This association between patriotism and the exclusive attachment to one’s nation has led critics to view the sentiment of patriotic pride as morally dangerous, giving rise to a chauvinism that is incompatible with cosmopolitan aspirations and the recognition of the equal moral worth of all human beings. More sympathetic approaches to patriotism have sought to ground it in new forms of loyalty that are compatible with universal values, respect for human rights , and tolerance of ethnic and national differences. At the heart of this renewed interest in patriotism lies the belief that to be stable, democratic societies require a strong sense of allegiance on the part of their citizens. Not only does the high degree of pluralism that characterizes contemporary societies potentially give rise to tensions and disagreements among citizens that may destabilize the polity, modern democratic states committed to a degree of equality rely on the willingness of citizens to make sacrifices for the common good, be it in terms of the everyday redistribution of income to meet welfare needs or the provision of collective goods and services such as education or health care. Hence, in the eyes of advocates of new forms of patriotism, stable democratic societies require a strong sense of solidarity.

The most prominent example of this search for new forms of solidarity is German philosopher Jürgen Habermas ’s notion of Verfassungspatriotismus (constitutional patriotism), which seeks to ground the loyalty of citizens not in the idea of a prepolitical, homogeneous community but in a commitment to universal liberal principles as enshrined in the constitution of the modern liberal state. To ensure that citizens who subscribe to different cultural, ethnic, and religious forms of life can coexist in and identify with their own country on equal terms, Habermas argues that the modern constitutional state must ensure that its political culture does not favor or discriminate against any particular subculture. To achieve this, it is vital to differentiate the majority culture from a shared political culture grounded in respect for fundamental constitutional principles and basic law . On this account, membership of a nation of citizens no longer rests on an appeal to a shared language or a common ethical and cultural origin but merely reflects a shared political culture based on standard liberal constitutional principles. Habermas’s attempt to ground patriotism in an attachment to universal liberal principles is also associated with what is at times referred to as cosmopolitan patriotism, which seeks to construct a postnational identity based on the recognition of democratic values and human rights as conceptualized within a particular constitutional tradition.

Such cosmopolitan patriotism is said by advocates such as British-born American philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah to give rise to a rooted cosmopolitanism that couples attachment to one’s homeland and cultural particularities with an appreciation of different places and different people and a robust respect for the equal moral worth of all human beings. Advocates of forms of constitutional patriotism often cite the United States as an example of a nonnational polity held together by an expressly political patriotism. American political theorist John Schaar, for instance, referred to American patriotism as “covenanted patriotism,” a form of patriotic attachment characterized by a commitment to the principles and goals set out in the founding covenant and the duty to carry on the work of the Founding Fathers . Another strand of contemporary thought appeals to the classical republican principles of love of liberty, active citizenship, and self-sacrifice for the common good in their attempt to formulate new forms of solidarity that do not depend on the idea of a prepolitical, ethnically homogeneous nation.

However, critics of such attempts to generate new, nonexclusionary forms of solidarity have expressed doubts about the extent to which patriotic sentiments can be reconciled with a commitment to universal principles. While critics of constitutional patriotism have questioned the feasibility of Habermas’s attempt to decouple the political culture from the wider majority culture, pointing to the extent to which the political culture of even as culturally diverse a society as America draws on national symbols and myths that are laden with prepolitical meanings, commentators such as British philosopher Margaret Canovan have argued that classical republican patriotism was much more illiberal and hostile to outsiders than modern proponents of the republican tradition suggest. According to Canovan, not only is the patriotic virtue celebrated in the classical republican tradition primarily a military virtue, the republican preoccupation with the education and socialization of citizens to systematically instill loyalty and commitment to the state is liable to be seen by many contemporary liberals as an unacceptable form of manipulation and indoctrination. Furthermore, advocates of both constitutional and modern republican patriotism typically presuppose the existence of established political boundaries and common political institutions that have their origins in the rise and consolidation of the nation-state. Thus, the extent to which patriotism can be reconciled with a commitment to universal values, respect for human rights, and tolerance of ethnic and national differences remains contested.

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The Complex Truth About American Patriotism

Who gets to be called a patriot in america.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Today, on “The Argument,” what does it actually mean to love your country?

I’m Jane Coaston. And this week, I’m jerry-rigging a makeshift recording studio at one of my favorite places on Earth. Greetings from the University of Michigan. I am using as a laptop stand selected works of Marx and Engels and Marx’s “Kapital,” so.

We’ve got Márkus. We’ve got some Kantian imperative. I feel very informed.

Oh, yeah, very university.

And the setting is actually pretty fitting for the topic this week, which is kind of heady. See, I’ve been thinking about what patriotism means in 2022. Maybe you think it’s embodied by taking a knee during the national anthem or teaching your kids about slavery in school or “Make America Great Again” or none of those things. We all have an idea about what’s patriotic and what’s not. And in cases like the January 6 attack, our visions can be completely at odds.

I know this sounds like a conversation about feelings or semantics or vibes, but what you think patriotism means matters at the ballot box. Patriotism or performative patriotism, as I would argue— you know, flag pins— can determine how invested or alienated we feel about the direction of our country. So today I’m diving into this idea with two political thinkers.

Jamelle, Ben, thank you both so much for being here and for scrambling your schedules to talk about something kind of mystical. Ben Rhodes, you were a deputy national security advisor to President Obama and a senior speechwriter in his campaign. You’ve written about being kind of an idealist patriot in your book, “After the Fall.” And you’ve written this great piece recently for The Atlantic called “This is No Time for Passive Patriotism,” which we will get into. Thank you so much for being here.

No, happy to be here.

And Jamelle Bouie, you’re a Times Opinion columnist, a political writer with a historian’s perspective. You have a lot of views on cereal as well. And you’ve been writing really smartly on the formations of our country and what that means for the future of our country. And so thank you so much for joining me as always.

My pleasure.

And with that, I think it’s important to start out with definitions because patriotism means something very different to everyone, which I think is part of the problem here. And personally, I think about my family. I think about how each progressive generation, despite unending and unceasing challenges, whether on the white side of my family, who was emigrating from Croatia to the United States or growing up in poverty in West Virginia. I think about the Black side of my family enduring slavery and then growing up in the Jim Crow South and then serving in a segregated unit in the Second World War.

Each progressive generation was able to aspire to something greater. And I think, in some ways, that my patriotism comes from that like, the story of my family makes sense here, that it doesn’t make sense in other places where I’ve been. And I think that that’s something that makes me value this country. I recognize that America has a lot of work to do. And I wouldn’t want to live anywhere else— also because other countries don’t have football. So I’m curious, Jamelle, what does patriotism mean to you?

So just on kind of a strict level of definition, I see patriotism as sort of love of one’s country. My own personal view of patriotism is, I think, similarly shaped by the circumstances of my family. Both my parents were born in the Jim Crow South. Their parents, in turn, were born in the Jim Crow South. Their parents, in turn, were sharecroppers, and their parents, grandparents were sharecroppers or enslaved people.

And so I think like many Black American families, our sense of patriotism is a little less tied to the particular institutions of the country for I think what should be obvious reasons, although both my parents served in the military for more than 20 years. My grandfather served in the military. Much of my extended family has some military service.

And so there’s a belief in service and obligation to serve one’s country, but that also has always been tempered by a real kind of critical eye towards the institutions of this country. My own sense of patriotism, sort of, intellectualized as it is, is much more about the country’s ideals and democratic aspirations and the particular story of Black Americans in this country much more than it is kind of a rigid devotion to the country’s institutions or uncritical embrace of the nation itself.

Ben, what about you? What does patriotism mean to you?

I mean, to me, obviously, the concept is rooted in love of country, but what does that mean? And to me, you know, it means what is the story that America is supposed to represent? And this has always been about the story we tell about ourselves and that we don’t live up to. And I’ll come back to that because, to me, I think patriotism is basically about the effort to live up to the better version of the story that America tells about itself.

But I’m glad you rooted this in family. You know, I obviously come from a white background. But from these very different places, my father grew up in the segregated South in Texas, kind of a refinery town outside of Houston, not a lot of money. And kind of, it’s a classic story of upward mobility. My mother comes from a New York Jewish family that emigrated from Europe and that some of them emigrated and some of them didn’t, tragically.

And obviously, that’s an entirely different experience, and yet, the one kind of place where people from that different of background could quite normally meet in the course of their lives and start a kind of blended family. My father grew up Methodist in Texas. My mother grew up kind of secular Jew in New York. It’s a very American thing that that’s totally normal.

And I think to my parents, there was kind of a secular religion in the home of American patriotism not around the like Super Bowl and just the flag, but around a canon of American heroes and progress and that that was something to try to live up to and emulate. And so, to me, that’s the kind of active form of patriotism of the generational effort embodied by certain people to make this place what it says it is, and to allow people from such different places to kind of coexist peacefully and, in my parents’ case, in a loving relationship.

Ben, you’ve talked about how the different stories we have about America affect elections. And so I want to talk about patriotism in politics. And Ben, I already mentioned your piece in The Atlantic about why the left should reclaim patriotism. Why did you decide to write this piece now?

You know, I guess, like a lot of people of my political persuasion, I spent four years kind of repelled by what I was seeing from the government and kind of dealing with the reality that Donald Trump, in many ways, confirmed all my worst fears about America. And so I had kind of a reactionary experience for four years of dealing with that. So I was in a kind of negative headspace about America. Something had been bothering me about myself and not just the Democratic Party.

But there was a joylesness to the whole political endeavor. And some of this is because of social media, obviously, too, but that the anger had been a useful kind of mobilizing force, to some extent, in the Trump years. But at some point, we lost the story. We lost the thread on what is the positive story we are telling about America to the public.

And if those of us who are in opposition to the forces that I think are a true danger to democracy are constantly pointing out what is wrong with America and what is corrupted about America, then, of course, that’s going to, just from a pure political standpoint, if you think about who you need to win elections as Democrats, well, you need to persuade some people in the middle. And it’s a hard conversation if the starting point to that is, in some ways, repudiating aspects of their identity. And because I was trying to answer this question of, why are more people not trying to save democracy? And I think one of the reasons why is that some people are like, well, why is it even worth trying to save this democracy when it’s so fundamentally broken? So it was that basic trap of how can we tell a more constructive story about not American perfection, but about American progress that can mobilize people, and they can be resilient enough to stand up to a fundamentally anti-democratic nationalist movement that wraps itself in the symbols of patriotism.

We’ll get into Republican patriotism, which I would argue is a performative patriotism because it seems to rely on a version of patriotism that’s like, we like the country like this, but if it’s not like this, we hate it. To quote former President Trump in May 2015, “America is a hellhole.” But it is a performance of patriotism, and that matters, I think. And I think that, Ben, that’s something you got out a little bit, but Jamelle, do you think that the left has a problem with patriotism or the performance of patriotism? I’m curious as to your thoughts.

I think in electoral politics, both Republicans and Democrats have historically and currently deployed a form of patriotism, national sentiment, that both offers a critique and then also some sort of like aspirational idea rooted in the past. So for Democrats lately for the past few years, it’s been a critique of the hypernationalism of Donald Trump. It’s been a critique of systemic racism. This was the tact that Biden took. This was the primary message of the Clinton campaign, stronger together.

And Republicans likewise, Donald Trump, as you mentioned, it’s both Make America Great Again and American carnage. And so it’s like, politicians in both parties do this. They do it all the time. It’s sort of a standard part of political rhetoric. And so for me, I’m just not entirely sure what it even means to say or ask if there’s sort of a problem with patriotism of the center left, the Democratic left.

But as far as the Republican Party, something it leans heavily into, especially under Trump, is what is called producerist ideology, this idea that the country belongs to people who make things and build things and produce wealth, your job creators, that kind of thing. And so much of the Trump campaign’s imagery was about valorizing the productive, business-owning citizen or the person who aspires to those things, versus a Democratic party that wants to encourage dependency, right, wants to get everyone addicted to the welfare state.

And that can track with certain visions of what the country is. That can track with certain kinds of patriotic rhetoric, but it’s not quite about patriotism, even as it gets mixed up in people’s ideas of what the country is. And so it’s like, does the left have a problem with producerist rhetoric? Yes, it does because producerist or producerism as an ideology really cuts against the egalitarian ethos of liberal and left-wing politics.

And so to the extent that lots of Americans are attracted to some forms of producerism, and it makes sense to them, it makes the country in their lives legible, there’s been a rhetorical problem that liberals on the left have to bridge. But that’s not quite a problem of patriotism, right? That’s sort of a problem of these other ideologies that are part of the American political landscape that have real currency among large numbers of Americans and can be made incredibly salient in a variety of ways, many of them tied to class and gender and race and all these other identities and isms.

There is, in my sense, this growing cynicism. And I would say it’s a form of doomerism, this kind of like, this place sucks. It will always suck. There’s nothing we can do. Everything is bad, which, one, I don’t think is true, but also, I think that that kind of cynicism discourages the same kinds of political activities that I do think are most patriotic. We are, actually, in some ways, talking about messaging.

Why is it do you think that the idea of the post-liberal conservatives where patriotism is contingent on America being the way it arguably never was or that it once was a very long time ago, why do you think that this kind of right-wing anti-American attitude has gained more salience as being some sort of a more accurate patriotism than a left-wing version of what I would say to be a patriotism that’s, “we’re in a bad place right now, but we could be better“?

Look, as someone who lived in the center of American politics for basically a decade, the left exists because it’s usually people who want to address the gap between reality and the political stories we tell ourselves. And so in this country, the stories that we constantly tell ourselves about America’s founding values and equality, the left kind of exists to address that economically, socially in every space. And so you’re starting from a premise where you’re trying to put forward more corrective policies to combat injustice. I mean, that, at its core, I think is what the left exists to do.

I also can’t ignore the reality that I kind of lived by extension the extent to which there was a deep, racialized backlash to a Black president. And I think having a Black man in the center of all the patriotic symbols in the White House, you know, in Air Force One, at the State of the Union was clearly intensely triggering to some people. Part of what happened was a very intense feeling like we needed to take back America. We needed to Make America Great Again.

And that’s not just about Obama. It’s obviously about a broader demographic shift in the United States where if we’re moving in the direction of becoming a majority non-white country, that, in many ways, should be the ultimate validation of the story we tell about anybody can be American. And you know obviously, that’s going to be profoundly threatening to people.

So that takes me back to this question of what is the purpose of political action? I think that on the left, because some of our worst fears about the country are being confirmed around us every day, it can feel like the purpose of politics is to convince people that America is bad, you know? And I don’t think that’s what people want to do, but you kind of get into this trap of, no, it is a racist country. Or don’t you understand that this country is always going to be unequal? Don’t you understand how it’s set up?

And for good reasons, I think people want to make arguments about what is wrong with America because they’re seeing so much of what’s wrong with America around them. And I do think that is kind of a trap. And I’ve seen it in other countries, right? Autocrats want their opponents to be seen to be attacking that kind of, you know, patriotic feeling that they tap into among their supporters so that they can set themselves up as the defender of the real America, Sarah Palin would say. And everybody else just looks like a critic of America.

I actually think this is a really important distinction that permeates political messaging. Are you making the argument that there’s something so great about this country that it requires us to continue to change it for the better? That’s a different way of framing the conversation than saying, you have to accept that this country has all these problems before we get into the discussion about how to change it.

Last week, I asked you to call in and tell me how you feel about the word “patriot.” And some of you are really feeling it right now.

I do consider myself a patriot.

I have a pretty deep love for my country steeped in its history. I think I’m kind of rare in that I’m a young liberal who can honestly say I love the United States of America. I love our country. I love our society.

I am the descendant of Armenians who fled to the United States to escape the genocide. So I’ve always looked at this country as a beacon of hope.

But I’ve got to say, a lot of you are feeling pretty down on the whole idea of patriotism.

I believe that patriotism is one of the great evils in the world.

Patriotism, to me, right now, is something that has just gone completely off the rails.

I’ve never felt comfortable doing the Pledge of Allegiance.

The flag and patriotism has now been associated with the far-right nationalists. And it makes me feel as if I can’t represent it the way that I’d like to.

And I think it’s very sad.

The good news is for a lot of you who are fed up with flag flying and saying the Pledge of Allegiance, you’re coming up with some new definitions about what’s patriotic.

Voting and protesting and things that uphold our democracy. It’s the willingness to become vaccinated and the willingness to wear a mask.

What about teachers? What about community rec center organizers? All these people do not make the money that they could in the private sector to better their community. I see that as patriotic. But yeah, I just think if you love a person, you’re going to want to make them better. And so that’s kind of the way I feel about America, like a friend who’s going through a tough time, but she’s all I got, so I’m going to help make her better.

Thank you for completely filling our inbox. If you want to join in on this conversation about patriotism, leave a comment on the page for this episode at nytimes.com. I’m really curious to hear about what you think. And you can always leave me a voicemail at 347-915-4324.

Jamelle, you contributed to The New York Times 1619 Project and saw firsthand the conservative backlash that it received. And I’m curious for you as someone who thinks a lot about the history of this country and just how big it is, but how totalizing its national stories can be, how do you think about what Ben was saying about creating a national story that ties all of this in that is both true and effective?

So this question of forging an American story, I think it’s important to say that there have been different kinds of American stories over time. There’s a great book by a George Washington political scientist named Sam Goldman. The book is called “After Nationalism.” And the conceit of the book is that over American history, there have been primarily three forms of national narratives— covenantal nationalism, crucible nationalism, and credal nationalism.

Covenantal nationalism is the city on the hill, right? It’s the United States as this exemplar for the country, the last best hope for the world, that will lead the rest of the world to some kind of promised land. It’s heavily tied up with Puritan New England and was a very important and formidable narrative for the first chunk of the nation’s history, the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

It was supplanted during the age of mass immigration in the 19th century by crucible nationalism, the melting pot in which all these different kinds of Americans are all thrown into this sort of chaotic and busy and opportunity-filled country. And through hard work and striving, they forge themselves into a single, unified people. But as Goldman kind of details, the fact of the matter is that didn’t happen, right? That we didn’t become a single, unified people.

And so it’s during the Second World War specifically that we get what Goldman calls a credal nationalism, which is this very familiar idea that the basis of American identity are the ideals as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution and during the Revolution. And part of being a patriot is helping the country live up to those ideals. And that kind of falls apart in the ‘60s.

And so, you know, Americans have always tried to forge some unified idea of what the country is, some sort of a unifying patriotism. And I just, I agree with Goldman. I don’t think it’s really possible. I think the country is too big and too diverse and too fractitious and always has been for that really to be sustainable. Now national elites may have some common narrative of a country that they hold on to. But that’s the very different thing than the public at large.

And to get to, I think, the second part of your question, I’m not actually sure that it’s possible to forge some sort of narrative of the country that’s both substantively true, but also makes people feel good. I don’t think they’re two things you can do at the same time. You can certainly forge a narrative that downplays what’s bad in the past, but then this runs into this question of whether or not this is actually true or accurate or really faithful to the nation’s history as we understand it.

And any narrative that has too much truth I don’t think is going to really appeal to lots of people. I think the 1619 Project is sort of emblematic of this. There’s a way to read at least some of the more, you know, aspirational essays as not necessarily representing an America is bad narrative, but kind of inverting a kind of providential narrative, right? In this case, the holders of American ideals are not the Puritans, are not the WASPs, but are Black Americans sort of substituting one group out for another. And in this case, the 1619 narrative becomes very nationalist, just kind of nationalist from a different perspective than you might expect.

I want to interrupt you there because I think that you made a point a moment ago that I was very curious about, which is to Ben, Jamelle’s saying that you can’t do both, and that attempting to do both a positive narrative and a corrective narrative at the same time seems kind of impossible. But in your work and as someone who’s worked in politics, you kind of had to.

Yeah, no, I fully appreciate if you’re an historian, you have one kind of role here to identify the truth in all of its ugliness and/or beauty. I do think, though, that the question of how we understand who we are as Americans and what the kind of prevailing story is in our political life clearly matters. I agree we’re this kind of impossibly big, diverse country. Therefore, the things that we choose to hold us together really matter.

And I think part of why people feel so unsettled right now is we have no sense of agreement on what are the things that hold us together, beyond the fact that we have a government, but we don’t even usually agree about the legitimacy of the person who’s elected. Take it as a given that I believe that a lot of that is because of the cynicism of the Republican Party in recent years. But the question is, what do we do about that?

And it’s interesting to me to reflect on the degree to which my sense of patriotism and American identity was kind of shaped by the fact that I grew up at the end of the Cold War. And so there was this kind of one thing that was this controlling force in our politics that we were for these things, and the Soviets are for these things. And obviously, we were for those things imperfectly— freedom and open societies. But it was this kind of organizing principle for understanding who we were measured against who we weren’t, which is the Soviet Union, which led to a bunch of policy outcomes and political outcomes.

And so I think part of what’s happened is we’ve lost that unifying force. And so the question is, how do you tie together an understanding of history with a sense of mobilizing patriotism? And to me, I remember later in the Obama years, I think his best speech was the one he gave at Selma at the anniversary of the March. And the triggering point for him to the core idea of that speech was Rudy Giuliani, of all people, had said that he didn’t think Obama grew up loving America.

And this gets to your point, Jane, about like, well, how does Rudy Giuliani get to decide what it means to love America, and why is Hawaii less American than Iowa and the rest of it? And what Obama did is he turned that inside out. And the whole speech basically becomes about the fact that there’s this gap between what America says it is and what the reality is. And at Selma, the people on one side of the bridge were defending the worst aspect of what America has been.

And the people who are preparing to march across the bridge were part of a continuum of people who’ve just tried to make America what those founding values say. And yes, Obama is putting his thumb on the scale and saying that the founding values, the founding words matter. All men are created equal matters. We the people matters.

And it was a very joyful speech. It wasn’t an angry speech. It was like, no, this is America. We’re American. Americans are the people who changed these places. Americans are the people who protested to make the place better. Americans are the people who got beat up by authority. And I do think that that’s kind of missing in the current political moment. We don’t assert our pride in our identity.

And this gets back to the idea of, I see the impulse for it. I myself have done that a lot these last five years. But I think it’s a dead end trap politically. And if you sacrifice identity in the political space and patriotism in the political space, I think you’re going to lose it in other places, too.

Jamelle, the idea of we need to make saving a multiracial, multiethnic democracy, it should be a defiant and joyful enterprise, which is something Ben wrote, do you think that’s possible?

I think these are kind of two separate questions, in a way. Like I said, I don’t necessarily think it’s possible to forge some sort of hopeful, but also fundamentally truthful narrative about the country. I think a narrative can’t do both of those things, right? I don’t think there’s anything wrong, right, morally or ethically about fudging things to create a usable pass for a political narrative. I think that’s fine. That’s just what politics is. But I don’t think you can ask it to be necessarily truthful.

And I think you have to open up space for the fact that people like myself are going to be like, ah, well, that’s not really the case, because that’s the job of someone like me, right? Like if I were running for office, would I, you know, spin a narrative of Charlottesville that’s much more flattering than what Charlottesville actually is? Probably. That’s just sort of— that’s what politics is.

But when it comes to looking for narratives or whatever that assists in solving problems, my view is that I don’t think you need necessarily some sort of overarching narrative as fuel for that. I think all you have to do is identify what are the things that are valuable to you. What are the things that are important to you? And you pursue them, and you craft an explanation for why they’re important. And maybe that can appeal to some sort of national narrative. Maybe it doesn’t necessarily have to.

For example, one thing that I value very strongly is the ideal of political equality, that all of us count equally in the eyes of the political system and that all of our votes ought to count equally. It would be untruthful to say that this has been one of the great ideals of American history. I don’t necessarily think it has been. It’s been a very contested thing throughout the country. And so the goal for me, right, as a writer, is to make the case that political equality is an important value, that political equality is something that will help you realize the kind of society that you want to live in.

And yes, there are sources in American history, there are admirable people who have believed this as well. And it’s useful to excavate them and talk about them and talk about their ideas. But I think that these sorts of things really ought to be forward-thinking fundamentally. Like, look forward and say to yourself, regardless of what the country has been, what do we want the country to be? It’s enough, right, that this is where we live. This is where our home is. Most of us are not going to go anywhere else. And so what do we do with that?

There is a line in the philosopher, William James’s essay, which I’m going to mangle in this paraphrase, but essentially, it’s something like an ethical world exists as long as there are two people just on a rock, right? That the fact of being together, of being in proximity with other people, creates ethical obligations. And in the same way, the fact that we just live in this country demands that we look for ways to make it better, irrespective of what the country has been in the past.

Especially in a country in which we are all so different, we’re not going to have the same homogeneity of belief or family system or ideology. Do you think that we’re here, we’re together— as you were saying, we are two people on this rock. Do you think that’s enough, or should it be?

I mean, I think that’s enough. If you look at in the immediate wake of emancipation in the Civil War, there are four million formerly enslaved people immediately jump into politics. Within five years, right, you have a number. You have many hundreds of elected officers. You have people engaging in political clubs, all sorts of things. Those people didn’t have some sort of glorious narrative to rely on, right? They were formerly enslaved, right? They had a shared narrative. It was a narrative of surviving adversity and hardship.

Their rationale for engaging in the work of politics and trying to make things better and for free-born Black Americans, for activists, their view is that they were here, right? There’s nowhere else they could be. They are here. And so you must make the best of the place that you find yourself in. And I do think that’s enough. And I think there are other bases for solidarity among persons beyond a commitment to a shared national narrative.

And I think, I don’t know, part of me thinks— this is not a fully formed opinion or anything, but part of me thinks that the search for some kind of unifying national narrative, it’s detrimental to the search for something with which you can build solidarity among persons. Because national narratives are hard to forge. Solidarity is hard to forge, but I think solidarity can be grounded in something a bit more concrete, something a bit more real, than a singular national narrative can be.

I definitely understand Jamelle’s argument. And I think it’s, you know, analytically correct for certain.

Analytically correct.

Damning with faint praise.

No, no, and I don’t mean that to sound as— no, I mean, but I guess, I keep coming back to this point, right, which is most of the time, I think that’s true. We are who we are. We live here. We’re all different. That’s part of what’s great about being American, so why do I have to think about a national narrative? I guess, to me, it depends on how extreme and alarming you think the current moment is, right?

Because in a way, I’d like to think that I could just be left to my own devices and live out the rest of my life and not have to worry about politics. And I think, frankly, that’s probably what a lot of younger Americans think. I believe in the worst case scenarios here of the steady erosion and dismantling of democratic norms in this country that can lead to things that are far beyond even anything we’ve seen Trump do yet.

And so to me, this is about a question of activating people around, whether they care about what’s happening in the wider country. And the clearest manifestation of this is elections and the message in your elections. But it’s also about whether or not you feel like whatever you’re doing in your community is your little piece of trying to preserve or defend or extend multiracial, multiethnic democracy, whether that adds up to a larger whole.

So there’s both the narrative in the story that needs to be told by politicians and people who want to lead, but there’s also the question of whether our actions are affirmative, whether our actions are about the fact that we believe that this is a country in a multiracial, multiethnic democracy worth having and saving. Look, I didn’t like when Trump hugged the flag. Suddenly of the flag looks differently.

And so, to me, I still think that because of the alarming nature of the moment we’re in, we have to figure out how to marry our activism to a more successful politics and how to make the different ways in which we express our beliefs not necessarily add up into one neat narrative, but add up into a defense of this country and what this country is supposed to be.

Well, you know what can all bring us together? Absolutely nothing. I was really trying to go somewhere there, and then I was like, wait, there are lots of people out there who listen to this podcast who don’t like sports, who email me angrily that I talk too much about sports. And that’s anti-American. Anyway, Ben Rhodes, the author of “After the Fall,” and Jamelle Bouie, New York Times Opinion columnist, thank you both so much for joining me.

Thank you for having us.

Thanks, Jane. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Ben Rhodes is former deputy national security advisor to Obama and senior speechwriter on Obama’s campaign. He’s also author of “After the Fall.” Jamelle Bouie is a Times Opinion columnist. For other deep thoughts on patriotism, I recommend Ben’s piece in The Atlantic, “This is No Time for Passive Patriotism,” and Jamelle’s interview on the podcast, “Know Your Enemy,” which covers his work on the 1619 Project, as well as his thoughts on what progressive patriotism looks like. You can find links to all of these in our episode notes.

Finally, I think patriotism matters. I love my country. I really love living here. When I’m not in the United States, I miss it. I don’t miss it for the flag or the mountains’ majesty. I miss it for the people and the spaces and the Americanosity of the things I love. I’ve been a lot of places in this country. And I know that this country has a lot of problems.

But it’s kind of like a family member. I love them, even though they’re always late or send my Christmas gifts too early or too late or have really annoying views on movies. Again, I know this debate is complicated because there’s patriotism, and then there’s how we perform patriotism. And it all gets mixed together. But again, I think it really matters.

“The Argument” is the production of New York Times Opinion. It’s produced by Phoebe Lett, Elisa Gutierrez, and Vishakha Darbha; edited by Alison Bruzek and Anabel Bacon, with original music by Isaac Jones; mixing by Pat McCusker; fact-checking by Kate Sinclair and Mary Marge Locker; audience strategy by Shannon Busta. Our executive producer is Irene Noguchi. Special thanks this week to Kristina Samulewski, the University of Michigan, and Mika LaVaque-Manty.

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Produced by ‘The Argument’

An American flag, football, the national anthem, “Make America Great Again” — all of these can be symbols of American patriotism, but to whom? In 2022 the notion of being a patriot is complex, to say the least, and in a divided nation one might ask: Who gets to be called a patriot, and what does patriotism really mean in America?

This week, Jane and her guests dig into how they feel about patriotism and how our two dominant political parties use the idea to their ends.

Ben Rhodes, the deputy national security adviser from 2009 to 2017, posits that a fundamental sense of patriotism still holds in America. “This has always been about the story we tell about ourselves and that we don’t live up to,” Rhodes says. “I think patriotism is basically about the effort to live up to the better version of the story that America tells us about itself.”

[You can listen to this episode of “The Argument” on Apple , Spotify or Google or wherever you get your podcasts .]

Jamelle Bouie is a columnist with Times Opinion and resists the idea that it’s possible to forge a unifying sense of patriotism across the country. America is simply too large and too diverse to unite on a baseline of meaning. Patriotism, he argues, rests at the individual level: “I think all you have to do is identify ‘What are the things that are valuable to you? What are the things that are important to you?’ And you pursue them,” he says.

What does patriotism mean to you? Would you call yourself a patriot? We want to hear from you. Share your thoughts in the comments on this page once you’ve listened to the debate.

Mentioned in this episode:

“After the Fall: Being American in the World We’ve Made” by Ben Rhodes.

“This Is No Time for Passive Patriotism” by Ben Rhodes in The Atlantic.

“After Nationalism: Being American in an Age of Division” by Samuel Goldman.

“The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life” by William James in the International Journal of Ethics.

“Know Your Enemy” episode with Jamelle Bouie: “Not Even Past.”

(A full transcript of the episode will be available midday on the Times website.)

Thoughts? Email us at [email protected] or leave us a voice mail message at (347) 915-4324. We want to hear what you’re arguing about with your family, your friends and your frenemies. (We may use excerpts from your message in a future episode.)

By leaving us a message, you are agreeing to be governed by our reader submission terms and agreeing that we may use and allow others to use your name, voice and message.

“The Argument” is produced by Phoebe Lett, Elisa Gutierrez and Vishakha Darbha, and edited by Anabel Bacon and Alison Bruzek; fact-checking by Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair; music and sound design by Isaac Jones; engineering by Carole Sabouraud; and audience strategy by Shannon Busta. Our executive producer is Irene Noguchi. Special thanks to Kristin Lin and Kristina Samulewski.

Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Discrimination — Patriot’s Pen Essay: What Freedom Means To Me

Patriot's Pen Essay: What Freedom Means to Me

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Published: Mar 14, 2024

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