feminism in the crucible essay

Puritan Society and Gender Roles in Arthur Miller's the Crucible Essay Example

In 1692, a small town was left in shambles after the townspeople had brought terror and death upon themselves. Salem, Massachusetts was a home to the Puritans who struggled with fears of harsh weather, and an unforgiving God. They barely got by alive after a cold winter and yet the frigid temperature and lack of food was not the worst forthcoming. Abigail was nothing but an outcast in the town, she was nearly a servant for John Proctor, a married man. Although, the vows John had sworn to his wife were not enough to protect him from the sin of lechery. The strict gender roles for females in Salem had caused Abigail's and the young women to act out and defy the gender stereotypes leading to harsh consequences. In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Abigail Williams takes advantage of a strict puritan society and gender roles leading to chaos in Salem. 

Abigail does not portray the typical women's role in this time. She is a manipulative snake but also quite intelligent. The lies she tells and the power she has does not convey the typical womanly gender roles. Abigail faces accusations of witchcraft after reverend Parris caught her and other girls dancing in the woods. These accusations had given her all the power she needed to relieve the jealousy she has for John proctor and his wife. She exploited the courts by playing victim and screams out in court that “I want to open myself up!... I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I went back to Jesus; I kissed His hand.” (24) She then evades her consequences by accusing innocent people of witchcraft. “I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osborn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!"(24) Tituba makes a false confession causing everyone to believe that she practices witchcraft. She confesses to being a witch she now has the power to kill both the Proctors. Women were viewed as innocent beings meant to be submissive, not someone who lies their way into the courts second guessing powerful male judges and convincing them to condemn innocents to death. The fact that Abigail is even able to do such a thing breaks the gender roles and defies the stereotypical gender roles. Abigail once was a social reject in the town and the next day she holds the life of innocent people in her complex web of manipulation and lies.

Proctor is a good man, but holds one secret, his fatal flaw. His lust for Abigail Williams which had led to their affair. This affair had led to Abigail becoming jealous of the relationship Elizabeth and John had even after their affair. Her goal was to accuse Elizabeth Proctor in order to get John Proctor and her revenge on Elizabeth. Abigail screams, “charge lechery on you, Mr. Proctor!” And Procter then replies “Enough… Elizabeth!”. Submissive to his anger Elizabeth understands that Abigail is who tempted John and put a wrinkle in their marriage. The helplessness of the women in this play is directly blamed on Abigail's lust with John. This represents the power imbalance between the women of Salem and the powerful male characters.

The Crucible represents the feminist gender struggle, through the eyes of their Puritan society built on the ideals of their religion. The origin of the false accusations had come from “unwomanlyunwomanly” actions. Dancing in the woods and having fun with friends was a way to escape their unappreciated life in Salem, not to summon the devil and wreak havoc on the town. Young girls in this time were taught to be nothing short of a “proper girl”(43). The gender roles in Salem define relationships and heavily influence Abigail’s actions. Gender roles can hurt those that are trapped in them by not allowing the freedom they deserve. The current world is not much different either. Gender roles still exist and most likely will for a while. Women still are typically seen as submissive and have stereotypical actions. Feminism has changed over the years too. Both men and women are working in full time jobs and women in the workplace are being seen a lot more often. I see both men and women breaking gender norms in the future.

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• Modern Drama

Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Miller's The Crucible : A Feminist Reading

• Wendy Schissel
• University of Toronto Press
• Volume 37, Number 3, Fall 1994
• pp. 461-473
• 10.1353/mdr.1994.0040
• View Citation

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Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Miller's The Crucible: A Feminist Reading WENDY SCHISSEL Arthur Miller's The Crucible is a disturbing work, not only because of the obvious moral dilemma that is irresolutely solved by John Proctor's death, but also because of the treatment that Abigail and Elizabeth receive at Miller's hands and at the hands of critics. In forty years of criticism very little has been said about the ways in which The Crucible reinforces stereotypes of femme fatales and cold and unforgiving wives in order to assert apparently universal virtues. It is a morality play based upon a questionable androcentric morality. Like Proctor, The Crucible "[roars] down" Elizabeth, making her concede a fault which is not hers but of Miller's making: "It needs a cold wife to prompt lechery,,,I she admits in her final meeting with her husband. Critics have seen John as a "tragically heroic common man,,,2 humanly tempted, "a just man in a universe gone mad,"3 but they have never given Elizabeth similar consideration , nor have they deconstructed the phallologocentric sanctions implicit in Miller's account of Abigail's fate, Elizabeth's confession, and John's temptation and death. As a feminist reader of the 1990s, I am troubled by the unrecognized fallout from the existential humanism that Miller and his critics have held dear. The Crucible is in need of an/Other reading, one that reveals the assumptions of the text, the author, and the reader/critic who "is part of the shared consciousness created by the [play]."4 It is time to reveal the vicarious enjoyment that Miller and his critics have found in a cathartic male character who has enacted their sexual and political fantasies. The setting of The Crucible is a favoured starting point in an analysis of the play. Puritan New England of 1692 may indeed have had its parallels to McCarthy's America of 1952,5 but there is more to the paranoia than xenophobia - of Natives and Communists, respectively. Implicit in Puritan theology , in Miller's version of the Salem witch trials, and all too frequent in the society which has produced Miller's critics is gynecophobia - fear and distrust of women. Modern Drama, 37 (1994) 461 WENDY SCmSSEL The "half dozen heavy books" (36) which the zealous Reverend Hale endows on Salem "like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts" (132) are books on witchcraft from which he has acquired an "armory of symptoms, catchwords, and diagnostic procedures" (36). A 1948 edition of the 1486 Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches), with a foreword by Montague Summers, may have prompted Miller's inclusion of seventeenth-century and Protestant elucidations upon a work originally sanctioned by the Roman Church.6 Hale's books would be "highly misogynic" tomes, for like the Malleus they would be premised on the belief that "'All witchcraft comes from carnal lust which in women is insatiable.'''7 The authors of the Maleus, two Dominican monks, Johan Sprenger and Heinrich Kraemer, were writing yet another fear-filled version of the apocryphal bad woman: they looked to Ecclesiasties which declares the wickedness of a woman is all evil ... there is no anger above the anger of a woman. It will be more agreeable to abide with a lion and a dragon, than to dwell with a wicked woman ... from the woman came the beginning of sin, and by her we all die. (25=17, 23, 33) The Crucible is evidence that Miller partakes of similar fears about wicked, angry, or wise women; even if his complicity in such gynecophobia is unwitting - and that is the most generous thing we can accord him, a "misrecognition " of himself and his reputation-conscious hero John as the authors of a subjectivity8 which belongs exclusively to men - the result for generations of readers has been the same. In Salem, the majority of witches condemned to die were women. Even so, Salem's numbers were negligible9 compared with the gynocide in Europe: Andrea Dworkin quotes a moderate estimate of nine million witches executed at a ratio of women to men of as much as 100 to I.10 Miller assures us in one...

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The Crucible

by Arthur Miller

Does Arthur Miller's 'The Crucible' contain elements of feminism?

characters: Abigail Williams

historical context: puritanism

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Given that The Crucible is set in a Puritan town during the seventeenth century, it would be anachronistic to cite any examples of feminism in the play. The very notion of equal rights for women was unthinkable in those days, so it's hardly surprising that there's no real feminism here; it simply didn't exist at that time.

Nevertheless, a more promising thesis topic would be the unconscious subversion of patriarchal norms of conduct. A prime example would be Abigail Williams using her overpowering sexuality to undermine the foundations of the Proctors' marriage. Such scandalous behavior doesn't make Abby a kind of protofeminist, but it does make her someone who defies the conventions of the society in which she lives—conventions that largely exist to serve the interests of men.

Likewise, one could reasonably argue that Abby gains a kind of surrogate political power in her capacity as instigator and animating spirit of the Salem witch-craze. It goes without saying that women are denied any political role in this Puritan society. Yet most of the town's men, including its ruling elders, unwittingly give Abby an unprecedented level of power and control by choosing to believe her patently ludicrous accusations of witchcraft. It's ironic that these men will deny women any formal political role yet will gladly allow one of their number to exert the power of life and death over the entire community.

Cite this page as follows:

Morrison, David. "Does Arthur Miller's 'The Crucible' contain elements of feminism?" edited by eNotes Editorial, 15 Mar. 2019, https://www.enotes.com/topics/crucible/questions/there-feminism-arthur-millers-crucible-need-help-550769.

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I don't think there is true feminism in  The Crucible.  For me, my thesis would be a compare and contrast type thesis.  Something like this:

Although elements of feminism appear within Arthur Miller 's play  The Crucible , true feminism is not actually shown, because the apparent feminists are vindictive, manipulated, and two faced.  

That thesis sets up a two part response.  First, you need to explain the bits of feminism that appear within the play.  For support, use the number of female characters that occupy positions of power.  Especially emphasize Abigail, her group of girls, and Elizabeth Proctor.  The rest of the essay will be about why those powerful women are not true examples of feminism.  Abigail may be a powerful figure, but she uses her power to harm others.  She's more of a villain than feminist.  As for the other girls, they follow Abigail out of fear.  And while Elizabeth has a great deal of power over John and their marriage, that dynamic only happens when the two of them are alone.  In public, she is a meek and mild Puritan follower.  

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Beutlich, Jonathan. "Does Arthur Miller's 'The Crucible' contain elements of feminism?" edited by eNotes Editorial, 11 Nov. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/topics/crucible/questions/there-feminism-arthur-millers-crucible-need-help-550769.

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The Not Quite Dream: An Arthur Miller Blog

Sunday, may 5, 2013, a feminist analysis of the crucible by arthur miller.

2 comments:

Thank you for your feminist critique of The Crucible, and how female power is exerted privately but goes askew publicly in the play. Also noticing how the (only?) noble character is male protagonist, John Proctor, a flawed character who ends up as hero (albeit hanged) for doing the Right Thing.

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A Feminist Theory of “The Crucible”

In The Crucible. gender plays an of import function in how the narrative comes together. Abigail. the chief adversary in the drama. is a immature. single adult female who is besides an orphan. She resents being a retainer. the lone chance offered to a immature. single miss. It shows the limited chances for adult females of that age.

The whole craze and craze brought approximately by the enchantress tests begins when Abigail and the other misss involved in the dance in the wood accuse others in the small town of being enchantresss. Abigail and the other misss gain a immense sum of power and authorization during the enchantress tests than they would hold done in normal village life. as immature single misss normally did non hold a say in anything. e. g. they would hold had to obey their employer and maestro of the house and were non considered to be adult females until they were married and had a household of their ain and so would non hold been taken earnestly.

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A married adult female held more power and regard in society than single adult females and they besides had a voice. This seems to propose adult females can non achieve or keep power without work forces. The book besides suggests that adult females should non be in a place of excessively much power as they are likely to misapply it and they are prone to allow their feelings get in the manner of of import affairs. taking to catastrophe and pandemonium. as it is portrayed in the narrative. Abigail additions the place of the leader of the other misss and is proclaimed a saint. so everything she says is instantly assumed to be the truth. but at the same clip she abuses her power. utilizing her ability to pull strings and command.

Abigail ( with a acrimonious laugh ) : Oh I marvel how such a strong adult male may allow such a sallow married woman be- Proctor ( enraged –at himself as good ) : You’ll speak nothin’ of Elizabeth! Abigail: She is melanizing my name in the small town! She is stating prevarications about me! She is a cold. whining adult female and you bend to her! Let her turn you like a- Abigail assumes the function of a covetous lover and her intense love for John Proctor. every bit good as her intense hatred for Elizabeth get out of manus and go a destructive force.

She allows her hatred. choler. green-eyed monster and lecherousness to get the better of ground and this ultimately causes a batch of desperation in Salem. Her emotions play a cardinal function in finding how she acts. Just like Eve. when she becomes tempted by the Devil into eating the apple. which is a symbol of cognition and power. she is tempted into power by impeaching others of offenses they did non commit. taking them to their deceases. Womans are easy tempted by the Devil. while work forces are rational animals of God. therefore work forces were more likely to derive the upper manus when it came to regulations and Torahs and how things were to be done. In the small town. work forces dominate and hold power.

Adam was non fooled by the Devil but Eve was easy led astray and that rapidly led to her undoing and penalty. There is a connexion between Eve and Abby’s ain destiny as because of Eve. adult females were non trusted with places of power and giving power over to a adult female was non considered to be wise. as God did non mean for them to be leaders. caretakers or defenders but instead as people to be guarded and watched over carefully. both out of protection and intuition.

Abigail as a adult female in power is a force of decease and devastation. She manipulates and threatens the misss in order to command them and begins impeaching other adult females of witchery. perchance to take retaliation on the work forces in the community by taking away their loved 1s and with the same purpose of destructing Elizabeth Proctor. she besides wants to destruct the other adult females. The Crucible portrays Abby as the Siren in the narrative.

She is a beautiful. immature adult female who charms the ‘innocent’ John Proctor off from his married woman and off from God. It seems as though it was by no mistake of his ain though as the reader can non assist but experience sympathy towards him and possibly this has something to make with the manner his gender is portrayed. We hear about his matter but can easy sympathise with him as he shows himself to be a adult male of strong rules and ethical motives and we know that he feels guilty about what he did as he tries his best to do up for it.

It shows how easy work forces fall into the traps of adult females. which is a mark of artlessness every bit good as failing. John Proctor regains command over himself in the terminal which is a mark of strength every bit good as salvation. Abby seems to hold no redeemable qualities or ethical motives and does non look to repent the things she has done. It suggests that there will be no salvation for her. Giles: Mr Hale. I have ever wanted to inquire a erudite adult male – what signifies the readin’ of unusual books? Hale: What books?

Giles: I can non state ; she hides them.Nathan hales: Who does this?Giles: Martha. my married woman. I have waked at dark many a clip and found her in a corner. readin’ of a book. Now what do you do of that? Hale: Why. that’s non necessarily-Giles: It discomforts me! Last dark – grade this – I tried and tested and could non state my supplications. And so she close her books and walks out of the house. and all of a sudden – grade this – I could pray once more! Martha Corey is accused of witchery because her hubby said she was reading ‘strange books’ . He saw it as unneeded for a adult female to read books. This attitude towards adult females suggests that the existent wickedness was holding the ability to read books and be educated. It was every bit unusual and unusual to taking portion in witchery. as that is what she is accused of subsequently in the drama.

This besides refers to the penchant that adult females ought to hold a inactive function in society and non go excessively high for her hubby. This shows how adult females and cognition are seen as non traveling good together and non looked extremely upon and that marks of wonder in a adult female is unsafe. It shows that Puritan society had a fright of those who were unusual and non conventional. those who did non run into the criterions of ‘ordinary’ society. The enchantress Hunts. while a dark clip for some. was an chance for those such as adult females to derive a voice which they otherwise would non hold been able to make before.

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The Deep Roots of Sexism: Preconceived Sin and Weakness In the Christian bible, when the first woman commits the first sin she creates an enduring image of her gender; she is drawn away from god and purity, to evil and sin. The book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller both deal with not only sin in Puritan times, but the ignominy stemming from women’s wrongdoings. The Scarlet Letter follows Hester Prynne, a woman who, after committing adultery is forced to wear a scarlet A to punish her for her sins. The Crucible is about the Witch Trials in Salem, which are brought on by the beautiful, manipulative and jealous Abigail.

Power Of Women In The Crucible By Arthur Miller And The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

The most troubling problem that women have had is having a choice, and people have fought for it for centuries. This is show through both of the plots, but they are different in the level the women have. With that, The Crucible shows several time that women and men talk on the same level. A women can also feely yell at a man, and voice her feelings. They can also say yes or no on their own.

Gender Inequality In The Crucible

Many innocent people were hanged and it all started with a group of young girls that turned the town upside down. Within "The Crucible" Arthur Miller displays a combination of a sexist point of view toward men and women. Arthur Miller mainly displays a clear male dominance against

Theme Of Witchcraft In The Crucible

Witchcraft: Child’s Play or Reality?     In Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible’, witchcraft is the main conflict of the play.  Set in a  Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the year 1692, most anything that cannot be solved by the church or a doctor is unnatural.   The first thing that comes to mind is witchcraft, which the punishment for is hanging unless you confess.

More about Theme Of Feminism In The Crucible

Feminism In The Crucible

The shot heard around the world came from the smoking gun of every individual who has challenged the authority in place in their environment. Claudette Colvin sent off her shot when she decided to sit down on a bus in Alabama during the civil rights movement, and Alice Paul pulled the trigger when she continued to protest for suffrage with no regard for the widely held negative opinion of the suffrage movement at the time. Protagonists in texts take on their own form of rebellion that authors want to be heard, such as Nathaniel Hawthorne with his novel, The Scarlet Letter, which challenges strict theocracies and Arthur Miller with his play, The Crucible, which disputes the communist hysteria of the 1950’s and 1960’s. However, all these crusaders …show more content…

posers public image, shaming individuals, and in extreme conditions, persecution. From a young age, it is ingrained into the minds of children that image is everything, and when that is taken away or ruined, it easily shatters a person. Believing the idea that how the world perceives you is a permanent thing once fully formed creates a weight on the shoulders of young people who are trying to discover their identities in their society. Pressure stemming from this burden leads to monumental downfalls of a person’s emotional health. With a specific message of this in mind, Nathaniel Hawthorne sculpted his lead character, Hester Prynne, to become an image of sin in her community. This image was derived solely from her sinful actions that branded her for the remainder of her days: “giving up her individuality, she would become the general symbol at which the preacher and moralist might point, and in which they might vivify and embody their images of woman’s frailty and sinful passion” (Hawthorne 66). A young woman born to respected parents, Hester made the grave mistake of committing adultery, and because of this deviation from her Puritan community’s way of life by the bible, she is condemned to eternally embody sin. One action dictates the rest of her life; when the

The Crucible Feminist Theory Essay

Feminist theory is the advocacy of gender equality in terms of respect, opportunities and social rights. The Crucible by Arthur Miller represents the conventional feminist gender struggle, through the medium of an androcentric patriarchal society built on the ideals of religion. In Salem, woman are portrayed as the lower class of society, patronised by men such as Proctor “I am looking for you more often than my cows!" comparing Mary to a farm animal is indicative of their perceived place. Furthermore, the violent way the men within Salem converse with woman “You will confess yourself or I will whip you to death, Tituba! demonstrates the lack of impartiality and feelings that theyhave on a woman’s fundamental rights. Miller’s use of

The Scarlet Letter And Their Eyes Were Watching God

This ridicule has a trickle down effect on Hester as she too is banished from her own community for committing adultery. The comparison between Hester and Hawthorne defines the external struggle for the reader to fully understand the effect of opinions from society on them Although reluctant to allow Hester to leave prison, the members of the town suggest that her punishment be to wear a scarlet red letter A on her bosom, thereby allowing all to know of her crime. The scarlet letter “ was red-hot with infernal fire, ” (Hawthorne 81) and defined the state she was currently in, that being eternal hell. Though she was forced to marry an older man at a young age, her rebellion to have an affair is not seen as an internal struggle that she overcame; rather, it is merely seen as a woman who sinned, a woman who shall therefore endure the punishment for the sin, rather than a woman who was never given a say in what she wanted with her life. Time and again, Hester Prynne is seen defying society by allowing herself to stand out from societal norm just as the roses “with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner“ (Hawthorne) did. Instead, she returns to the community and is observed aiding those in need, all with seven year old Pearl by her side.

Theme Of Patriarchy In The Crucible

While reading the Crucible there are several recurring themes, a few of which include sexual repression and patriarchy. Specifically, these themes which are seen so often throughout this play seem to be connected to the downfall of this small Puritanical town. Today I will bring to light the biased views and sexual repression that led this small town to its untimely demise. This paper will delve into the puritans daily way of life and beliefs and expose that sexual repression and patriarchy were the real killers in this play based on real events.

Women in the Crucible Essay

The outlook on gender roles in today’s advanced society is in drastic contrast to the views portrayed in The Crucible, set in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, depicts women as weak creatures, who are expected to submit to men, and whose only access to power is through dishonest means.

Stereotyping Outcasts In Nathaniel Hawthorne'sThe Scarlet Letter?

People have been stereotyping outcasts since the beginning of time. This behavior is a crucial component of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character of the story, Hester Prynne, resides in a community of Puritans; who are notorious hypocrites. Their harsh rules are basically impossible to follow, therefore setting their citizens up for failure and punishment. Hawthorne tells the story of Hester Prynne with the elements of sin, judgement, and revenge.

Conformity : The Scarlet Letter And The Awakening

In the life of Hester Prynne, she is viewed as an adulterer. During her sentencing on the scaffold, people enjoyed seeing her be humiliated and punished for her reckless actions. The self-righteous society views her as an outcast: “Thus the young and pure would be taught to look at her, with the scarlet letter flaming on her breast,—at her, the child of honorable parents,—at her, the mother of a babe, that would hereafter be a woman, —at her, who had once been innocent, —as the figure, the body, the reality of sin” (Hawthorne 76). Because she broke the strict Puritan laws,

Examples Of Sexism In The Crucible

Ever since the beginning of the technology era, all unethical things have been glorified. Shootings, rape, kidnappings, and cheating seem to be all over the media today. However, they do not focus on what actually happened, but instead on who is the victim and who is the villain. Has sexism changed since 1692 and what beliefs about it stayed the same? Adultery, slut-shaming are examples of how sexism still prevail as an issue that women must face, however, the social effect today is still worse for women than men.

Theme Of Women In The Crucible

There are various ways you can portray women throughout, The Crucible. Women are raised with high expectations, morals, and majority are raised in a Christian household. Although there’s the other types of women that are the complete opposite. In The Crucible, women are viewed in many different ways based on their actions and behavior. In Margaret Atwood’s poem, “Half-Hanged Mary,” she views women the same way. The author in The Crucible, Arthur Miller, uses very important women to characterize the certain roles of women. The author of the poem, “Half-Hanged Mary,” also uses a woman to portray the roles of how women were treated in the poem, as well as the story, The Crucible. Both of these authors, Margaret and Arthur, compare the similar roles of women based on their well being and moral upbringings.

Roles Of Women In The Crucible

The roles of the women in the drama are significant because of the way they shape the story and help the reader understand the nature of one of the strangest events in human history. Throughout the novel, women are portrayed in many different ways. Some are shown as being good and moral people while others the complete opposite. Arthur Miller's treatment of women in this play show women as weak beings who give into their husbands. Each women in the drama plays a significant role in showing the different archetypes there were among women especially Mary Warren, Elizabeth Proctor, and Abigail Williams. In addition, Kohlberg’s Moral Stages are six developmental stages of human moral reasoning which can tie into the view in which we have of the women in the play.

Injustice In The Crucible

:”Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”, said by Martin Luther King, Jr. The Crucible written by Arthur Miller in 1953 introduces us a story of this kind that injustice brought by a character named Danforth brings the social malfunction of Salem accompanied by a breakdown of humanity and faith. In our modern society, the public requires the power and presence of laws and justice system to protect their rights. However, when the structures become shackles and the judges mute off their voice of the truth, it leads the tragedy and misery to the people.

Theme Of Feminism In The Crucible

In “The Crucible,” Arthur Miller uses the characters Abigail and the three girls as feminists to gain power. “American laws wanted to move women closer to equality through an Equal Rights Amendment that would ban governments discrimination based on sexes”. “Feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of equality of the sexes.” He portrayed this by women having the power in a positive and negative way. In the town of Salem, women were given less amount of power, with their ability to have judgments upon other women and men as being witches and wizards. There was no need of evidence to prove if a person was a witch or not. This power was given to Abigail and the girls implying larger comments on the negative effect of women holding power. Although there were good things and bad things about women having power, Elizabeth Proctor lost power over her husband because John Proctor is the head of the house, but “she is submissive to him.” Elizabeth is not secured within her relationship with John Proctor because he had an affair with Abigail Williams. Elizabeth is upset and deeply hurt, and constantly reminding John Proctor that she is still hurt because he cheated on her. Society’s view a husband having more power than the woman. Elizabeth began to have the position of a stereotypical wife. She doesn’t lose power, but suppresses her power and holds her power privately. Society view women to be weak, not intelligent, so they deserve to have less power, and

How Is Hester Prynne A Round Character

The character of Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter is the perfect example of a round character: one who is complex as a result of growing and changing throughout the story. Hester is a character through which readers can view growing empowerment, increasing self-esteem, and blossoming confidence. Originally a symbol of sin and wrongdoing, Hester Prynne develops into a figure of ability and strength. From the first time she is introduced in the novel, it can easily be inferred that she is despised by her community. In a world where it is morally unacceptable, she has committed adultery. For that, she is granted the punishment of displaying an attention-drawing scarlet letter “A” on her chest, abbreviating the label “adulterer.” When she is displayed on a scaffold for public disgrace, her peers “were stern enough to look upon her death, had that been the sentence, without a murmur at its severity, but had none of the heartlessness of another social state, which would find only a theme for jest in exhibition like the present” (54).

Analysis Of ' The Scarlet Letter '

Through Hester and the symbol of the scarlet letter, Hawthorne reveals how sin can be utilized to change a person for the better, in allowing for responsibility, forgiveness, and a renewed sense of pride. In a Puritan society that strongly condemns adultery one would expect Hester to leave society and never to return again, but that does not happen. Instead, Hester says, “Here…had been the scene of her

Theme Of Criticism In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Through it all, Nathaniel Hawthorne possesses a determined nature in Mrs. Prynne that will not allow her to accept the hatred she faces for an act that was deemed right in her own eyes. As time progresses it seems that Hester may just give up and abide by the strict Puritan law, but she soon comes to terms with herself and is able to help herself and find the power to do and sympathize. Hester’s experiences were filled with ‘helpfulness’, but she is now refined with a ‘power to do and power to

The Intolerance Of Feminism And Puritanism In The Crucible

In the past, feminism fought to establish equal rights between both genders; the work of women such as Susan B Myers, Amelia Bloomer, and other important feminist figures has led to females gaining the right to vote, health care, and education. Also occurring in this time period, the Civil Rights movement fought for African American rights, which eventually they had achieved after many years peaceful protest. Nowadays, the descendants of these movements, Third-Wave Feminists and Black Lives Matter activists, sit in front of a computer screen arguing against those who don’t share similar views for issues regarding the gender wage gap, police shootings, etc.; their intolerance for other arguments as well as the use of their cause as an excuse to harass a specific person or group replicates the behaviour of the Puritans in The Crucible. In The Crucible, Abigail Williams, the niece of the town priest, lies that she and her group were possessed by witches in order to get out of trouble for performing a non-Christian ritual; Abigail soon realizes the amount of power these accusations hold and uses them to murder those who go against her. The ridiculous concept of hanging a person based on false accusation of Witchcraft may lead the reader to think that society has improved ever since; however, it hasn’t. Puritanism continues to prevail in society today, whether these modern Puritans are aware of it or not.

Related Topics

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Analysis of Feminism in The Crucible and American Horror Story: Coven

Introduction.

It would appear that, in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, women having power is showcased as a negative and positive concept. Taking a view from the angle of feminist criticism, it appears that way. In fact, The Crucible seems to reveal the marginalization that women have suffered over years; it exposes the efforts that they put into trying to get some power from the patriarchy in the bid to establish their own place in the world. This is also the case of the witches in the American Horror Story: Coven. In the American Horror Story: Coven, women are silently rewarded with unheard power expanses, with their ability to judge other women as being witches from a hellish demesne. Not much indication is needed from these texts to prove, the feminist struggles (MacKinnon 12).

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Examples of Feminism in the Crucible

To begin with The Crucible, the relationship between John and Elizabeth Proctor is the best indication of the struggles that women face, as they seek to find their place in society. Elizabeth lives in fear of the relationship they have with John, upon seeing the extensive affair that John had with the previous house help, Abigail Williams. Elizabeth is seen to be upset and bitter and she constantly reminds John of how much she is hurt by the affair and they are always involved in a domestic flight as a result. Elizabeth has feelings about the extra-marital affair and uprightly articulates her disappointment and distrust. Though passive, Elizabeth seeks power by holding John's gaffe over his head. Her actions may not be totally for their relationship, but she still pursues power over her husband in justified ways. Nonetheless, John and Elizabeth revert back to their family: husband-wife interactions when in public. Immediately after some other character is introduced into their household, she reverts back to her duties as a wife while observing men talk in dismay(Miller and Blakesley 24).

In this manner, Elizabeth theoretically loses power and influence over her husband. John being the head of the family, is charged with speaking on Elizabeth's behalf whenever mentioned. Elizabeth is left with no choice but to be submissive. Nonetheless, the point of feminist struggle can be drawn when the situation changes. When Elizabeth and John are left in an intimate setting, she seeks to take control. However, when another person walks into context, who assumes society's perspective on how the relationship between husband and wife must work, she reverts back to her role as a conventional wife. That does not necessarily imply that she gives up her desire for power; it is just suppression of power in the public domain, as she privately holds.

American Horror Story: Coven - Feminism

On a similar note, American Horror Story: Coven can be laced with feminist struggles, though the context appears friendly. The story emphasizes witches, whose powers and superiority strike fear in men that they are threatened and hunted down with annihilation, depicting cast feminism in American Horror Story: Coven. When Misty Day is lynched at the stake, it is by a crowd of Southern-fried kinsmen bellowing towards her and branding her as a "bitch." A similar thing occurs when she is attacked later. Moreover, Fiona alongside her coven is later chased by men who have assumed the tradition of hunting witches down through robust patriarchy informed by the domination over such scarily influential women.

Nonetheless, there is more; the sexual education of Zoe also advances the theme of feminist struggles. When the series commences, she is chastised for making love with her boyfriend as he dies as a result. Zoe, later on, takes control of the sexual power and eventually kills one of her aggressors with it. Eventually, she falls in love with Kyle, she has learned to harness and make use of her sexual power in a pleasurable manner (American Horror Story: Coven). While the "feminist struggles" on American Horror Story, are abundant, they are not sufficient to prevent the show from going problematic. As it approaches the end of the witchy journey, the coven ladies are faced with sad news. Axman murdered Fiona in a passion crime, and he set on for the second victim, Fiona’s coven. He walks in, just as Misty Day is in a fight with Madison after he attempted to kill her. The confrontation ends with Misty pulling off Kyle, arguing that they; women, do not need men to protect them.

In conclusion, the ensuing escapades in The Crucible and sceneries in American Horror Story: Coven, are a violent manifestation of literal feminine power, women with or seeking power over the male intruder figure. The intruder, though but it is not essentially a feminism-approachable message. Tears flow down the cheeks and blood splashes all over the faces of the women as they struggle for power, as they fight for an equal place in a society characterized by male dominance. Truly, The Crucible and American Horror Story: Coven reveal the marginalization that women have suffered over years, it exposes the efforts that they put trying to get some power from the patriarchy in the bid to establish their own place in the world

Works Cited

American Horror Story: Coven. Perf. Robin Bartlett, Frances Conroy and Jessica Lange. N.d. Web.

MacKinnon, Catharine A. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1989. Print.

Miller, Arthur, and Maureen Blakesley. The Crucible. Oxford: Heinemann Educational, 1992. Print.

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Laughing With the Medusas: Feminist Politics in the Age of Media Transformation

In her 1976 essay "The Laugh of the Medusa," Hélène Cixous urges women to claim power by telling their own stories and letting laughter "exude from all our mouths." This dissertation explores how the field of comedy has served as a space for women to enact Cixous's vision of a "laughing Medusa"-- one who subverts patriarchal norms through the liberating force of feminist laughter. The analysis presented in my dissertation traces twin histories: the representation of feminist politics in popular media from the 1970s to the present, and the transformation of media forms and audience engagement during the transition from analog to digital cultures.

Focusing on discrete media forms, I contextualize the political, economic, and cultural forces that have shaped women’s contributions to cultural production and analyze narratives of women's reproductive health, embodied precarity, and sexual agency. Viewing meditated live performances, sitcoms, and social media text and images as "technologies of gender," I attend to dynamics of performance and spectatorship where feminist politics unfold with joyous, mirthful affectivity. Using methods of intersectional feminist analysis, I analyze what this affectivity means for feminist discourse more broadly, and evaluate the ways that affective politics can sustain audiences and individuals, as well as cohere counter-publics. This dissertation contributes to scholarship in feminist media studies as well as adjacent fields of affect and performance, arguing that feminists and affect theorists alike must recognize the full range of affects and emotions in our analysis of how the political is embedded in popular media. Ultimately, this dissertation celebrates the power of feminist laughter to subvert patriarchal norms, as envisioned by Cixous, and demonstrates how women have leveraged the liberating potential of comedy to reclaim their narratives and assert agency in the face of systemic oppression.

Degree Type

• Dissertation

Degree Name

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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• Gender studies
• Media Studies

Exploring Feminism in Charlotte Bronte’s ‘Jane Eyre’

This essay about Charlotte Brontë’s “Jane Eyre” examines the novel as a feminist exploration through its protagonist, Jane Eyre. Published in 1847, it highlights Jane’s independence and moral clarity, challenging Victorian social norms. Key moments, such as Jane’s departure from Mr. Rochester, emphasize her commitment to principles and autonomy. The essay also discusses the portrayal of male characters and Brontë’s narrative technique, which underscores Jane’s agency and subjectivity, advocating for women’s rights and equality.

How it works

Charlotte of Bronte ‘Jane Eyre’ stands how the marine lantern of research feminist through his life of protagonist, Jane Eyre. It is given out in 1847 under “Currer Bell of pseudonym,” Bronte processed a story, that the Victorian agreements, what refuses to obey, presenting a heroin, who translates social expectations bravely.

In his heart, ‘Jane Eyre’ conducts the chronicle of trip of the orphaned girl that overpeers higher after misfortune, that forging her road with imperturbable independence and moral clarity. From her early fight in a hall Gateshead to her central role how a tutor in a hall Thornfield, Jane contests the limitations thrown on to the women in her era.

Central to him feminist of conversation is a picture of Bronte Jane Eyre how character of depth and resilient. Unlike her fragile heroines of time, Jane personifies force and conviction, refusing to enter to social pressures, especially to businesses love and identity.

A central moment opens up, when Jane decides to leave Rochester Mr. on his exposure of the hidden past tense. Then there is a choice underscores obligation of Jane before her principles and criticizes an unequal power dynamics between kinds in Victorian society. Disposing on priorities sense own dignity above social expectations, Youth declares the autonomy and contests a concept, that the personal implementation must sacrifice for a social acceptance.

In addition, norms of type of calls of ‘Jane Eyre’ through him nuanced picture of masculine characters like Rochester Mr. and the Saint Rivers of John. Foremost appears how a dominant figure, Rochester Mr. evolves in a partner, what respect autonomy of Jane, at the Saint Rivers of John a traditional kind presents courages, that aims to tame her independence. Narrative technician Bronte, especially her use of story of najpierw-ja?ni, invites readers to the inner world of Jane, distinguishing her agency and subjectivity. Through introspective voice of Jane, Bronte dismantles stereotypes anymore about woman subzero position, protecting for their right on an autonomy and self- of expression.

Thus, Charlotte of Bronte ‘Jane Eyre’ becomes too late a testament to feminism, contesting social norms and protecting for woman rights. Through Jane Eyre, independence of masters of Bronte, resilient, and equality, inviting readers to look over the limitations imposed by society, and hug vision of sexual mutual relations, concludes moreover.

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Off the Grid: Sally breaks down USA TODAY's daily crossword puzzle, Chest Binders

There are spoilers ahead. You might want to solve today's puzzle before reading further! Chest Binders

Constructors: Sara Cantor & Kaitlin Hsu

Editor: Amanda Rafkin

What I Learned from Today’s Puzzle

• MIKU (5A: Virtual idol Hatsune) Hatsune MIKU is a pop star. She has a Spotify profile, and has performed at Coachella . However, Hatsune MIKU isn't human. As the clue notes, she's a virtual idol. Her voice was created in 2007 by the Japanese media company Crypton. When Hatsune MIKU "performs" onstage, her image is projected on a giant screen. Hatsune MIKU's name means "the first sound of the future."
• DANE (17A: Lili Elbe, for one) Lili Elbe (1882-1931) was one of the earliest recipients of gender-affirming surgery (sex reassignment surgery). A transgender woman, Lili Elbe was a painter, but stopped painting after her transition. Lili Elbe's life was the inspiration for the novel (2000) and movie (2015) The Danish Girl .
• MEN (11D: "I'm Afraid of ___" (Vivek Shraya book)) Vivek Shraya is a writer, musician, visual artist, and an assistant professor at the University of Calgary. Her memoir, I'm Afraid of MEN (2018) was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Nonfiction. In the book, Vivek Shraya "explores how masculinity was imposed on her as a boy and continues to haunt her as a girl–and how we might reimagine gender for the twenty-first century."
• CHAN (35D: Poet and drag artist Wo who performs as The Illustrious Pearl) You can read a poem by Wo CHAN, "june 8, the smiley barista remembers my name," on the Poetry Foundation website.

Random Thoughts & Interesting Things

• WHO'S (1A: "___ Afraid of Gender?" (Judith Butler book)) Judith Butler is a philosopher, gender theorist, professor, and author. Their first book, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity was published in 1990. Their most recent book, published in March of this year, is WHO'S Afraid of Gender ? The book explores the effects of a fear of gender on reactionary politics around the world.
• HENNA (12A: Reddish dye applied during Rasm-e-Heena) Rasm-e-Heena is a traditional part of Pakistani weddings. During the ceremony, usually held prior to the wedding, family and friends paint HENNA designs on the hands of the bride and groom.
• TAO (23A: "Mozart of Math" Terence) Terence TAO is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is regarded as one of the greatest living mathematicians, and has been called the "Mozart of Math." Terence TAO has won a number of awards, including a Fields Medal (described as the Nobel Prize of mathematics) and a MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship. Terence TAO has authored a number of math textbooks, and writes a  blog on mathematical topics . Terence TAO's full name was a theme answer in the July 29, 2023 puzzle .
• SYNC (27A: "The time has come ... for you to lip-___ ... for your life!") "The time has come ... for you to lip-SYNC ... for your life!" is a line said by RuPaul prior to the lip-SYNC battles on RuPaul's Drag Race.
• H MART (32A: "Crying in ___" (Michelle Zauner memoir)) Crying in H MART  is the 2021 memoir of Michelle Zauner, the lead vocalist of the band Japanese Breakfast. In the book, Michelle Zauner discusses her relationship with her mother and her grief after her mother's 2014 death as a result of pancreatic cancer.  Crying in H MART is being adapted into a movie . Japanese Breakfast will provide the film's soundtrack.
• ESME (44A: Writer Weijun Wang) The debut novel of ESMÉ Weijun Wang ,  The Border of Paradise , was published in 2016. Her second book,  The Collected Schizophrenias (2019), is a series of essays about her experiences with schizoaffective disorder. In addition to writing her own books, ESMÉ Weijun Wang founded  The Unexpected Shape , an online writing academy "specifically for the ambitious unheard and those living with limitations."
• ELI (50A: "Riverdale" actor Goree) In the third and fourth seasons of the TV show, Riverdale , ELI Goree portrayed the recurring character Munroe "Mad Dog" Moore. ELI Goree also played the role of Muhammad Ali in the movie, One Night in Miami (2020).
• KIVA (58A: Pueblo meeting space) Many Pueblo KIVAs are large circular rooms that are underground. A KIVA is used for spiritual and political gatherings.
• OPAL (61A: Gem fusion of Pearl and Amethyst, in "Steven Universe") Steven Universe  is an animated TV show that tells of the adventures of magical alien warriors known as the Crystal Gems. The title character, Steven Universe, is a hybrid between a "Gem" and a human. The Crystal Gems are working to protect the Earth and the fictional town of Beach City. At times, two or more Gems may combine to create a larger, more powerful Gem, as is the case when Pearl and Amethyst fuse to create OPAL. The character of OPAL is voiced by Aimee Mann.
• ELLEN (62A: Broidy who was a co-organizer of the first gay pride march) It was in 1970 that ELLEN Broidy, along with Linda Rhodes, Craig Rodwell, and Fred Sargeant, organized the first gay pride march in honor of the Stonewall Riots that had taken place the previous year. On the Addresses Project website, you can read an interview with ELLEN Broidy in which she talks about organizing the march.
• TAPAS (20D: Tortilla de patatas and croquetas, e.g.) TAPAS are a variety of appetizers or snacks that are popular in Spanish cuisine. Tortilla de patatas, also known as Spanish omelette, is a dish made with eggs and potatoes. Croquetas are a type of fried dumpling made of a thick batter surrounding a filling.
• ERAGON (21D: Fantasy novel hero who rides a dragon) ERAGON is a book by Christopher Paolini that is the first in a tetralogy known as The Inheritance Cycle . ERAGON was adapted into a 2006 movie of the same name. The title character is a farm boy who becomes a Dragon Rider.
• GECKOS (42D: Lizards with hydrophobic skin) I'm a fan of a clue that shares a fun animal fact. GECKOS are small lizards that have been found on every continent except Antarctica. The hydrophobic skin of GECKOS has been observed to have anti-bacterial properties.
• EVAN (54D: ___ Rachel Wood) Earlier this year, EVAN Rachel Wood appeared as Audrey, opposite Darren Criss as Seymour, in t he Off-Broadway revival of Little Shop of Horrors.

Crossword Puzzle Theme Synopsis

• CHOPSTICK REST (19A: Implement that prevents certain utensils from rolling off the table)
• CHEESE ON TOAST (35A: Dairy-and-bread dish)
• CHECKERED PAST (53A: Shady history)

Each theme answer is held within the word CHEST. In other words, CHEST acts as a BINDER for each theme answer: CH OPSTICK R EST , CHE ESE ON TOA ST , and CHE CKERED PA ST .

This is a classic USA today theme type, executed nicely here with a great set of theme answers. In addition to the answers I've highlighted above, I also especially enjoyed the clue for ACHE (56A: It might make you go "Oof ouch owie"). This clue made me laugh! Thank you, Sara and Kaitlin, for this excellent puzzle.

For more on USA TODAY’s Crossword Puzzles

• USA TODAY’s Daily Crossword Puzzles
• Sudoku & Crossword Puzzle Answers

• Meet the incels and anti-feminists in Asia

They threaten to make the region’s demographic decline even worse

K IM WOO-SeoK , a 31-year-old chef in Seoul, grew up questioning the way society treats women. He felt sorry for his stay-at-home mother. He considered himself a feminist. But over the past few years, his opinions have shifted. When he came across women activists online, he was shocked to see some of them were making demeaning comments about men, including making fun of small penises. “I felt like my masculinity was under attack,” says Mr Kim. He believes that, since the 2010s, Korean society has become more discriminatory against men than women. Although he has a girlfriend, many of those who share his beliefs in the region do not.

In advanced countries the gap between the sexes has widened, with young men tending to be more conservative and young women tending to be more liberal. The trend is particularly striking in East Asia. Men are not adapting well to a society where women are better educated, compete with them for jobs and do not want to have babies with them. According to one survey in 2021, 79% of South Korean men in their 20s believe they are victims of “reverse discrimination”. In neighbouring Japan, a survey the same year found that 43% of men aged 18 to 30 “hate feminism”.

This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline “Meet Asia’s incels and anti-feminists”

Asia June 29th 2024

Casinos are booming in south-east asia, narendra modi needs to win over low-income indians, takashima ryosuke is japan’s youngest ever mayor, ancient artistic loot will finally make its way back to cambodia.

From the June 29th 2024 edition

Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents

More from Asia

Thailand could soon become the latest country to jump on the bandwagon

At 27 years old, he is bucking the trend of the country’s gerontocratic politics

On July 3rd the Metropolitan Museum in New York will return artefacts to the country

They are dissatisfied with their share of the country’s growth

Thailand legalises same-sex marriage

It comes at a time when other freedoms are being curbed

The army-backed establishment in Thailand goes after its enemies

Thaksin Shinawatra’s case is just one of many

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Critic’s Notebook

I Saw My Anxiety Reflected in ‘Inside Out 2.’ It Floored Me.

In a way that’s both cathartic and devastating, Pixar’s latest portrays how anxiety can take hold, our critic writes.

• Share full article

By Maya Phillips

At the climax of Pixar’s “Inside Out 2,” Riley, a freshly pubescent teen with a gaggle of new personified emotions, becomes so overwhelmed with anxiety that she has a panic attack.

In the theater, I whispered to my friend that I’d forgotten to bring my panic attack medication. I’d said it as a joke — but at the sight of this anxious animated teenager, my whole body’s choreography changed. My muscles tensed. I pressed my right palm down hard to my chest and took a few deep yoga breaths, trying to cut off the familiar beginnings of an attack.

This depiction of how quickly anxiety can take hold was overwhelming. I saw my own experiences reflected in Riley’s. “Inside Out 2” felt personal to me in a way that was equally cathartic and devastating: It’s a movie that so intimately understands how my anxiety disorder upends my everyday life.

“Inside Out 2” picks up two years after the 2015 film “Inside Out,” as Riley is about to start high school. With puberty comes a group of new emotions, led by Anxiety. A manic orange sprite voiced by Maya Hawke, Anxiety bumps out the old emotions and inadvertently wreaks havoc on Riley’s belief system and self-esteem as she tries to manage the stress of a weekend hockey camp.

When an emotion takes over in the “Inside Out” movies, a control board in Riley’s mind changes to that feeling’s color; Anxiety’s takeover, however, is more absolute. She creates a stronghold in Riley’s imagination, where she forces mind workers to illustrate negative hypothetical scenarios for Riley’s future. Soon, Riley’s chief inner belief is of her inadequacy; the emotions hear “I’m not good enough” as a low, rumbling refrain in her mind.

I’m familiar with anxiety’s hold on the imagination; my mind is always writing the script to the next worst day of my life. It’s already embraced all possibilities of failure. And my anxiety’s ruthless demands for perfection often turn my thoughts into an unrelenting roll-call of self-criticisms and insecurities.

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