research paper about family planning in the philippines

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Family Planning in the Philippines UNFPA -ICOMP REGIONAL CONSULTATION Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific Addressing the Challenges

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Via Abellanosa

Anna Liza Po

Maria Paz Marquez

The Philippines has a contraceptive prevalence rate of 55% based on the 2013 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Most contraceptive users rely on modern methods but over the past 10 years traditional method use has continued to comprise about a third of all contraceptive users in the country. This study examines recent levels patterns and determinants of traditional contraceptive method use based on pooled data from the 2003 2008 and 2013 Philippines DHS surveys. Results from the multinomial logistic regression analyses show that among users of traditional rather than modern contraceptive methods women in 2003 and 2008 were more likely to use rhythm over modern contraceptive methods compared with women in 2013 while withdrawal rather than modern contraceptive methods were preferred more by women in 2013 than in 2003. The results identify several factors that are significant in predicting use of either rhythm or withdrawal rather than modern contraceptive metho...

Belitung Nursing Journal

Ashley Bangcola

Background: Nurses are involved in all aspects of health, including reproductive health. They play a fundamental role in family planning and are often designated as point persons in family planning-related concerns. In order to provide effective counseling on family planning, the nurse must understand issues, practices, and prospects of family planning among married couples in their community. Objective: This exploratory multiple case study investigates family planning issues, practices, and prospects among couples in a municipality located in Southern Philippines. Methods: Ten married couples of varying characteristics were interviewed to elicit their perspectives on family planning practices. The data were analyzed using coding transcriptions and thematic analysis. Results: Five sub-themes emerged under the theme of Family Planning Issues: family planning as a burden; fear of side effects; peer-driven contraceptive choice; family planning as a social stigma; family planning as a s...

World Research Festival

Bernadette G . Gumba

A comprehensive policy on population management is long past due in our country, not only because it is an integral part of development but also because it responds to an unmet need of Filipino couples, especially women, for reproductive health services. A national policy on family planning must be examined not only in the context of economic development issues but also in its promotion of gender equality and women empowerment. This article starts with the plight of poor families vis-à-vis household size. Then it proceeds to the realities faced by poor Filipino women whose concerns are seldom surfaced in past debates on national population policy proposals.

Journal of Government and Politics

Sittie Akima A . Ali

This is a descriptive and correlational study that focuses on determining the level of awareness and attitudes of the respondents toward the reproductive health program of the Philippines. It tried to test the hypotheses whether there is significant relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic profile such as age, gender, education, annual income, work type, and number of children and their level of awareness and attitude towards the reproductive health program. The study found that majority of the respondents are aware and have positive attitude toward the RH Law which can be partly attributed to their place of employment which is an academic institution and where the reproductive health issue is expected to be subjected to thorough discussions. It is concluded that the respondents have favourable and positive reactions on the RH Law, hence it is necessary for the government to pursue it with due respect to religion and cultural beliefs of the Filipinos especially among the Catholics. It is recommended that awareness drives and information dissemination on the positive effects of the RH Bill should be continued, not only in schools but also in communities where most poor families live

Rural Sociology

Aurora Pérez

Hairudin Masnin

Cristina Raya

Reproductive Health

Junice Lirza D Melgar

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• Corpus ID: 196542633

A qualitative study on family planning in the Philippines.

• Y. Kim , A. Kols , +21 authors P. Guest
• Published 2002
• Patient Education and Counseling

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Natural family planning in the Philippines

• PMID: 6710549

The calendar rhythm method of natural family planning (NFP) is one of the most popular contraceptive methods in the Philippines. As a result, the Philippines has one of the highest NFP prevalence rates in the developing world. In recent years, family planning program officials have become increasingly interested in improving the practice of NFP, both by improving the quality of rhythm practice and by introducing newer, more accurate NFP methods. Over the years a substantial body of research data related to NFP practice in the Philippines has accumulated. This paper presents major findings from past research on NFP in the Philippines, discusses their implications for program management, describes current research, and suggests needs for future research.

PIP: The calendar rhythm method of natural family planning (NFP) is one of the most popular contraceptive methods in the Philippines. As a result, the Philippines has one of the highest NFP prevalence rates in the developing world. In recent years, family planning program officials have become increasingly interested in improving the practice of NFP, both by improving the quality of rhythm practice and by introducing newer, more acurate NFP methods. Over the years, a substantial body of research data related to NFP practice in the Philippines has accumulated. During the 1968-78 period, the proportion of married women aged 15-44 who said that they had ever tried the rhythm method rose from 9 to 23%. Rhythm users have relied more on nonprogram sources than on program personnel for instruction in the rhythm method. The rate of continuation was very similar for pill and rhythm users. Rhythm plus withdrawal was as likely to be continued as the IUD and as use-effective in preventing accidental pregnancy as the pill. Even though rhythm alone has been less effective in reducing fertility than pills, it has been more effective than either withdrawal or condoms. The main reasons for preferring the rhythm method over any other method were medical, (absence of side effects, pain or halth dangers) and convenience, (no need to get supplies, have an insertion, or interrupt the sex act). Problems associated with the rhythm method are the difficulty of abstaining during the unsafe days, and its in applicability during post-partum amenorrhea. In recent years, the attention of family planning program managers has been increasingly directed toward the need to improve NFP instruction and practice. Future research is directed towards the study of parish-based volunteer workers to instruct couples in calendar rhythm, demographic surveys and tests of program strategies.

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• Int J Health Policy Manag
• v.6(11); 2017 Nov

Family Planning as a Possible Measure to Alleviate Poverty in the Philippines – Beyond Sociocultural Norms and Pervasive Opposition

Akihiko ozaki.

1 Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.

2 Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Angeli Guadalupe

3 Department of Pediatrics, Brokenshire Memorial Hospital, Davao City, Philippines.

Arra Barrameda Saquido

4 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Malate Manila, Philippines.

Diana Francesca Gepte

5 College of Medicine, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Asaka Higuchi

6 Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Tomohiro Morita

7 Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.

Tetsuya Tanimoto

8 Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan.

Dear Editor,

The 16th and current President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, aims to resolve poverty as a critical agenda. Although annual growth rate of the Philippine gross domestic product exceeded 5% since 2012, the estimated proportion of people living below the poverty threshold (2015) was 21.6% (22 million out of 100 million). Indeed, a significant economic disparity exists as demonstrated in its GINI index of 43.0 in 2013, a level higher than most Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, although the average total fertility rate in 2008 was 3.3 in the Philippines, its number reaches as high as 5.2 in the poorest household that is estimated to spend only around 2% of their total income on education. 1 Actually, the children aged 6-17 in poorest households were less likely to attend school compared to those in richest households in 2011 (85.6% vs. 97.2%). 2 As such, it has been hypothesized that there may be strong links among high fertility rate, poverty and limited opportunities of education in the country.

Given these speculations, President Duterte highlights the importance of population control using modern family planning measures in his war on poverty. However, the inadequate sexual health education and conservative sociocultural norms prove to be significant obstacles, as methods of contraception are widely disrespected by the general population. The Philippines is predominantly Catholic, whereby 80% of the local population subscribes to the teachings of the Church. Although constitutionally there is a separation of the Church and State, the Church remains influential in defining policies particularly in areas of reproductive health. Presently, abortion is prohibited in their constitution except for cases conducted to protect mothers’ health.

However, in reality, abortifacient agents are illegally sold in stalls adjacent to several Catholic cathedrals in Manila. Additionally, the lowest rate of condom use in Southeast Asia and increasing rate of casual sex contribute a considerable burden of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 3 The reported number of HIV infections is currently 30 000, 80% of which have been newly registered since 2010. 3 Further, the emerging risk of Zika virus infection or rubella would present a challenging situation to pregnant women. 4

Under such conditions, there is a growing need that policymakers and public health professionals take into account the changing attitudes towards sexual intercourses among the general population in the country.

In 2012, Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act, also known as Reproductive Health Law, was enacted in the Philippines to improve an access to birth control measures after years of struggle. 5 Although its constitutionality was questioned by the Supreme Court in 2013, the court finally declared that the law was constitutional in 2014. 5 However, Temporary Restraining Order, which was subsequently issued by the Supreme Court, has restricted (1) the registration of new contraceptives and the re-registration of currently sold contraceptives when their permits expire, and (2) the purchase, distribution and use of subdermal implants by the Department of Health, eventually hampering the full implementation of the law until now. 6 It is obvious that the current situation necessitates an early resolution, considering that there will be limited contraceptive measures available in the Philippines, such as tubal ligation, vasectomy and natural family planning methods, if the restraining order is not lifted and the current registration of contraceptives expire. 6 We urge President Duterte to achieve a historic step to further improve healthcare in the Philippines – the full implementation of the Reproductive Health Law.

Ethical issues

Not applicable.

Competing interests

Authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

AO wrote the manuscript. All authors conceptualized and designed the study, and revised the paper.

Authors’ affiliations

1 Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan. 2 Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan. 3 Department of Pediatrics, Brokenshire Memorial Hospital, Davao City, Philippines. 4 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Malate Manila, Philippines. 5 College of Medicine, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Metro Manila, Philippines. 6 Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 7 Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan. 8 Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan.

Citation: Ozaki A, Guadalupe A, Saquido AB, et al. Family planning as a possible measure to alleviate poverty in the Philippines – beyond sociocultural norms and pervasive opposition. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(11):683–684. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.57

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• > Journals
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• > A survey of family planning in the Philippines

Article contents

A survey of family planning in the philippines.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

In a multi-centre survey in 1986, 400 married Filipino women aged 15–40 were interviewed about their use of contraceptive methods, and specifically about their perceptions of the effects on health of oral contraceptives and their attitudes to contraceptive methods. The sample was randomly selected in the urban and rural areas surveyed and cannot be considered representative for the country as a whole. The results showed that women hold definitive views on the health risks posed by oral contraceptives and point to the importance of family planning clinics as a source of contraceptive counselling. The overall rate of contraceptive use must be regarded as insufficient to meet contraceptive needs.

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• Volume 20, Issue 4
• F. E. Riphagen (a1) , O. S. de la Cueva (a2) and S. Koelb (a1)
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000017557

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