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Animal Testing Persuasive Sample

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Published: Jun 13, 2024

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Ethical concerns, scientific limitations, alternative methods.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Animal Testing

Pros & Cons of Animal Testing

Each year, reports Santa Clara University, approximately 20 million animals are used in medical experiments or to test products, many of them dying in the process. Animal rights advocates argue that such testing is unnecessary and cruel, while proponents of animal testing believe that the benefits to humans outweigh the moral issues.

Alternatives

One argument against animal testing is that there are often more acceptable alternatives. For example, scientists can test whether chemicals will irritate the eyes using the blood vessel-rich membrane lining a hen's egg, rather than exposing the eyes of living animals to the chemical. Cells grown in a test tube (in vitro) and computer simulations can offer a good idea of how animals and humans would respond to certain tests. Those against animal testing advocate three Rs: replacement (finding alternative methods of testing), reduction (using animal testing as little as necessary) and refinement (making sure that animal testing is done in the most humane and pain-free fashion).

Unknown Variables

Alternatives to animal testing do not always work, however, because the system of a living organism can be unpredictable. If scientists perform tests on computer models, test tube-grown cells or “lower organisms” (such as eggs or invertebrates, rather than warm-blooded animals), they may not see as full a picture of the test results as they would with testing on live animals (or animals which are more similar to humans). In order to fully understand a live organism's system, scientists must perform animal testing at some point.

Unnecessary Cruelty

Animal rights advocates argue that testing on animals is cruel and unnecessary. Some connect animal testing to racism or sexism, arguing that all living creatures are worthy of respect and that making animals suffer for any reason is morally wrong. Dr. Tom Regan, a leader in the animal rights movement, writes that animals “have beliefs and desires; perception, memory, and a sense of the future.” The argument that animal testing may be necessary is no excuse, from this point of view, because it is the responsibility of scientists to discover humane alternatives.

Greater Good

Those in favor of animal testing argue that it has led to many advances in science, increasing the quality of life for both humans and animals. Animal testing has helped us develop vaccines, surgeries, cancer treatments and other life-saving medical advances. Although animal testing may cause pain to a few animals, many believe that the greater good of humanity outweighs this cost.

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About the Author

Mara Shannon is a writer whose work appears on various websites. Shannon also blogs about gaming and literature. Shannon holds a Bachelor of Arts in music with a focus on performance.

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• Chinese Version

Why is animal testing good? Benefits of animal testing

The unstoppable advance of medicine and the pharmaceutical industry has increased the volume of animal experimentation. Animal testing is crucial in Drug Discovery and Development, bridging in vitro research and human clinical trials.

Regulatory agencies  demand data obtained from animal experiments to advance from the preclinical phase to the clinical phase one. Animal testing is the gold standard to guarantee the safety and efficacy of potential future lifesaving medications. However, ethical and other concerns are always present, and regulatory agencies set legislation on animals in science centers-based part on  the 3R Principle : Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement, which first appeared in 1959.

What are the benefits of animal testing?

Although questioning why animal testing is good is a reasonable doubt, we must not forget that animal research has enabled significant breakthroughs in developing modern medications, vaccines, and various medical procedures. Animal testing has saved millions of human lives. This in vivo testing approach has aided scientists in discovering treatments and preventive measures for multiple conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease.

One of the advantages of animal testing is that they provide a complete, whole-organism context that allows for studying the interactions between different biological systems. In vitro systems do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the human biochemical process. Besides, animal testing offers the convenience of shorter lifespans for animals, facilitating the acquisition of a complete view of their life cycle and shortening experimental times. 

Moreover, many animals, especially mammals like mice and rats, share significant genetic and physiological similarities with humans. Almost every gene in humans has been found in mice, sharing a genetic homology of 98%.  This similarity is one of the reasons why rodent testing is an ally in research since it helps to infer how a new drug or product might affect humans by observing its effects on these animals. But we have to take into account they are nocturnal animals, while humans are diurnals, which can create many inconveniences in the experimental designs and interpretation. Using animal testing for research allows the establishment of a safe dose for human clinical trials and outlines the potential side effects that should be monitored. 

While the ethical debate around animal testing is complex, animal models are often preferable to directly testing new drugs and chemicals on humans without prior evidence of safety. Using animals may help to prevent human harm.

Animal testing pros and cons 

While animal testing benefits have been exposed from the scientific point of view, animal testing presents some cons that need to be stated. Laboratory procedures and conditions vary across laboratories and can cause distress and abnormal behaviors, preventing species' behavior, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions.  Interspecies issues regarding physiology, behavior, and pharmacokinetics can limit the reliability of the data obtained from animal studies. 

One of the main disadvantages of animal research is its  ethical implications , especially regarding the treatment of animals. It involves subjecting animals to procedures that may cause them discomfort, distress, or death, which many people find morally unacceptable.

Since January 2013, a new EU directive,  2010/63/EU , aiming to harmonize the European internal market, has stated that “wherever possible, a scientifically satisfactory method or testing strategy not entailing the use of live animals shall be used.”

The development of New Alternative Models or Methodologies (NAMs) has emerged as a solution to overcome ethical concerns in animal testing. NAMs are innovative approaches developed to  reduce, refine, and replace the use of animals in research . These models aim to offer more ethical, efficient, and sometimes more accurate methods for studying biological processes, disease mechanisms, and the safety and efficacy of new treatments. Some examples include organ-on-a-chip approaches, advanced 3D cell cultures such as organoids, or alternative animal models such as Zebrafish. 

Zebrafish can be considered NAMs because the larvae under 5-6 days post fertilization (dpf) are not yet classified as animals under the European legislation (EU Directive 2010/63/EU) because they are not feeding and swimming independently.

Zebrafish are a popular alternative model because  they share many similarities with the human genome .  Zebrafish presents a high genetic homology with humans (>70%) and a high genetic homology of genes implicated in human diseases (>80%). Also, alternative models like Zebrafish are more cost-effective than traditional animal models and allow for higher content screening of compounds, combining the advantages of in vitro models while presenting many advantages of in vivo models.

With the emergence of NAMs, an increasing number of governments, including the European Union, are developing the political determination to move away from viewing animal testing as the definitive standard for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications. A shift towards a globalized use of NAMs and reducing animal testing is possible with promising alternatives such as the Zebrafish.

 Sources

Akhtar A. The flaws and human harms of animal experimentation. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2015 Oct;24(4):407-19.

Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol. 2020 Jan 21;33(1):95-118.

Swaters D, van Veen A, van Meurs W, Turner JE, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. A History of Regulatory Animal Testing: What Can We Learn? Altern Lab Anim. 2022 Sep;50(5):322-329. 

Why mouse matters. National Human Genome Research Institute. [Internet]. [updated 2010 July 23]; [cited 2024 Feb 22]. Available from:

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• The PHS Ethicist

Animal Testing – Is it Justifiable?

Dear PHS Ethicist , 

I am a student interested in majoring in Pharmacy. While researching this career path, I came across the topic of animal testing, a practice that is present in the field of medicine. At first, I had a pessimistic perspective on animals being used as test subjects because it just seemed unethical and wrong. However, as I researched further about this topic, I found out that animal testing is a much more complicated issue. So, I am here to ask: when is animal testing justifiable? 

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Do human lives matter more than animals? The idea of animal testing by itself has been debated since the early ages of humanity. In fact, the first known use of animals in scientific experimentation dates from 500 B.C in Ancient Greece . Though the number of animal testing has decreased over time thanks to development of technology, it still continues to persist in certain fields. 

To answer the question, it is important to understand the different perspectives people have in regards to animal testing. Here’s a brief summary of both sides of the argument:

An argument made for advocating animal testing is that humans are more superior than animals, and therefore are more important. The core idea surrounding this belief is Speciesism . Speciesism, in applied ethics and the philosophy of animal rights, is the practice of treating members of one species as morally more important than members of other species; also, the belief that this practice is justified. People holding this belief argue that because humans are superior to animals in our cognitive abilities (meaning we are able to interpret and understand more things), humans should be put first. 

The opposing perspective to animal testing is that all life matters, no matter its size or significance. Biocentrism is an ethical perspective holding that all life deserves equal moral consideration or has equal moral standing. Applying this perspective, it could be argued that animal lives matter equally as humans; after all, animals are still living creatures regardless of their significance.

The reason why the debate comes up today is because animal testing is being allowed in most countries to some extent. Why? The most obvious reason is because animal testing has led to the benefit of society and advancement of humanity . As you mentioned, one field where animal testing is “allowed” is medicine. To understand the reasoning, think about the impact medicine has and still continues to have on the world. Practically all medicines and medical products available today were developed with the help of animal experiments, helping millions of people and as well animal treatment. Not only that, but the knowledge gained from animal testing has led to better understanding of the anatomy of humans and animals, allowing advancement in many similar fields including vaccines and surgery (which has led to better treatment of animals as well!). As long as the reasoning for animal testing is meant to “benefit the world”, I consider them somewhat a necessary process in order to create a better place for everyone to live in.

Now, the ambiguity is, what kinds of animals should be allowed for testing? For example, Vanilla the chimp was born in a New York biomedical research lab in 1994. She was one of many chimpanzees raised for medical research, a practice that was phased out by the National Institutes of Health in 2015. She was relocated after the research center closed down, finally reaching freedom in Save the Chimps Sanctuary . The video of her astonished reaction seeing the sky for the first time in 28 years went viral over the internet, showing how animals have feelings like humans. In my perspective, animal testing is not justified when performed on animals with complex cognitive abilities such as a chimp or a dolphin, as they are able to interpret and suffer pain in a way that is similar to humans. 

You may also wonder: Is testing animals for beauty products justifiable? How about space experiments? I believe that animal testing should not be allowed when the intent of the experiment derives from human’s selfishness or curiosity. Therefore, testing animals for beauty products is not justified since it is not a necessity, as well as space experiments since it is a result of curiosity rather than urgency (for now). Testing drugs or other chemicals on animals for these reasons should not be happening in the lab. It is understandable to see the results of how drugs work, but it is horrible to test them on creatures that can’t consent to the tests. 

I hope this answers your question, The PHS Ethicist 

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Growing criticism of painful experimentation on animals is matched by a growing concern over the threat restrictions on the use of animals would pose to scientific progress.

In the spring of 1987, a veterinary lab at the University of California at Davis was destroyed by a fire that caused $3.5 million in damage. Credit for the fire was claimed by the Animal Liberation Front, a clandestine international group committed to halting experimentation on animals. Three years earlier, members of the group invaded the Experimental Head Injury Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania where scientists had been engaged in research on head trauma, a condition which now claims more that 50,000 lives a year. They took videotapes recording the deliberate and methodical inflicting of severe head injuries on unanesthetized chained baboons. Copies of the videotape were sent to the media, to University officials, and to government agencies which eventually suspended federal funds for the experiments.

About 20 million animals are experimented on and killed annually, three-fourths for medical purposes and the rest to test various products. An estimated eight million are used in painful experiments. Reports show that at least 10 percent of these animals do not receive painkillers. Animal rights advocates are pressing government agencies to impose heavy restrictions on animal research. But this growing criticism of painful experimentation on animals is matched by a growing concern over the threat restrictions on the use of animals would pose to scientific progress. Whether such experiments should be allowed to continue has become a matter for public debate.

Those who argue that painful experimentation on animals should be halted, or at least curtailed, maintain that pain is an intrinsic evil, and any action that causes pain to another creature is simply not morally permissible. Pointing to the words of the nineteenth-century utilitarian, Jeremy Bentham, animal welfare advocates claim that the morally relevant question about animals is not "Can they reason? nor Can they talk? but, Can they suffer ?" And, animals do in fact suffer, and do in fact feel pain. The researcher who forces rats to choose between electric shocks and starvation to see if they develop ulcers does so because he or she knows that rats have nervous systems much like humans and feel the pain of shocks in a similar way. Pain is an intrinsic evil whether it is experienced by a child, an adult, or an animal. If it is wrong to inflict pain on a human being, it is just as wrong to inflict pain on an animal.

Moreover, it is argued, the lives of all creatures, great and small, have value and are worthy of respect. This right to be treated with respect does not depend on an ability to reason. An insane person has a right to be treated with respect, yet he or she may not be able to act rationally. Nor does a right to be treated with respect rest on being a member of a certain species. Restricting respect for life to a certain species is to perform an injustice similar to racism or sexism. Like the racist who holds that respect for other races does not count as much as respect for his or her own race, those who support painful experimentation on animals assume that respect for other species does not count as much as respect for members of his or her own species. "Speciesism" is as arbitrarily unjust as racism or sexism. The right to be treated with respect rests, rather, on a creature's being a "subject of a life," with certain experiences, preferences, and interests. Animals, like humans, are subjects of a life. Justice demands that the interests of animals be respected, which includes respect for their interest to be spared undeserved pain.

Finally, animal welfare activists defend their position by countering the claim that halting painful animal experiments would put an end to scientific progress, with harmful consequences to society. Much animal experimentation, they say, is performed out of mere curiosity and has little or no scientific merit. Animals are starved, shocked, burned, and poisoned as scientists look for something that just might yield some human benefit. In one case, baby mice had their legs chopped off so that experimenters could observe whether they'd learn to groom themselves with their stumps. In another, polar bears were submerged in a tank of crude oil and salt water to see if they'd live. And, for those experiments which do have merit, there exist many non-animal alternatives. It is only out of sheer habit or ease that scientists continue to inflict pain on animals when, in fact, alternatives exist. And, where alternatives don't exist, the moral task of science is to discover them.

Those who argue for the continuation of painful experimentation on animals state that society has an obligation to act in ways that will minimize harm and maximize benefits. Halting or curtailing painful experimentation on animals would have harmful consequences to society. Indeed, pain is an evil to be minimized, and scientists do work to minimize pain when possible. Contrary to sensationalistic reports of animal rights activists, scientists are not a society of crazed, cruel, curiosity seekers. But there are instances when the use of alternatives, such as painkillers, would interfere with research that promises to vastly improve the quality and duration of human lives. Animal research has been the basis for new vaccines, new cancer therapies, artificial limbs and organs, new surgical techniques, and the development of hundreds of useful products and materials. These benefits to humans far outweigh the costs in suffering that relatively few animals have had to endure. Society has an obligation to maximize the opportunities to produce such beneficial consequences, even at the cost of inflicting some pain on animals.

Furthermore, many argue, while the lives of animals may be deserving of some respect, the value we place on their lives does not count as much as the value we place on human lives. Human beings are creatures that have capacities and sensibilities that are much more highly developed than that of animals. Because humans are more highly developed, their welfare always counts for more than that of animals. If we had to choose between saving a drowning baby and saving a drowning rat, we would surely save the baby. Moreover, if we move to consider animals as our moral equals, where do we draw the line? Technically, any living thing that is not a plant is an animal. Are oysters, viruses, and bacteria also to be the objects of our moral concern? While we may have a duty to not cause animals needless suffering, when we are faced with a choice between the welfare of humans and the welfare of animals, it is with humans that our moral obligation lies.

Others argue that moral rights and principles of justice apply only to human beings. Morality is a creation of social processes in which animals do not participate. Moral rights and moral principles apply only to those who are part of the moral community created by these social processes. Since animals are not part of this moral community, we have no obligations toward them. But we do have moral obligations to our fellow human beings, which include the duty to reduce and prevent needless human suffering and untimely deaths, which, in turn, may require the painful experimentation on animals.

Mice or men? Where do our moral obligations lie? The debate over painful experimentation on animals enjoins us to consider the wrongfulness of inflicting pain and the duty to respect the lives of all creatures, while also considering our obligations to promote human welfare and prevent human suffering, animals aside.

For further reading:

Michael Allen Fox, The Case for Animal Experimentation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986).

Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1983).

Peter Singer, Animal Liberation (New York: Random House, 1977).

Jerrold Tannenbaum and Andrew N. Rowan, "Rethinking the Morality of Animal Research," Hastings Center Report , Volume 1; (October 1985), pp. 32-43.

This article was originally published in Issues in Ethics - V. 1, N.3 Spring 1988

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Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked inside cages in laboratories across the country. They languish in pain, ache with loneliness, and are deprived of everything that’s natural and important to them. All they can do is sit and wait in fear of the next terrifying and painful procedure that will be performed on them. A lack of environmental enrichment and the stress of their living situations cause some animals to develop neurotic behaviors, such as incessantly spinning in circles, rocking back and forth, pulling out their own fur, and even biting themselves. After enduring lives of pain, loneliness, and terror, almost all of them will be killed.

How PETA Helps Animals in Laboratories

Since PETA’s inception and the landmark  Silver Spring monkeys  case, we’ve been at the forefront of exposing and ending experiments on animals. Our scientists, campaigners, researchers, and other dedicated staff work hard to persuade universities, hospitals,  contract laboratories ,  other companies , and government agencies to abandon animal tests and embrace modern, non-animal methods.

Two teams lead PETA’s efforts to end tests on animals. Our Laboratory Investigations Department focuses on ending the use of animals in experiments not required by law, and our Regulatory Toxicology Department focuses on replacing the use of animals in tests required by law with human-relevant, animal-free toxicity testing approaches. With help from supporters like you, these teams and other hardworking staff at PETA win numerous  victories  for animals imprisoned in laboratories every year. Here’s how they do it:

• Promoting PETA’s Research Modernization Deal , the first comprehensive, science-backed plan to phase out tests on animals
• Conducting groundbreaking  eyewitness investigations and colorful advocacy campaigns to shut down laboratories and areas of animal experimentation
• Filing groundbreaking lawsuits to challenge public funding of wasteful, cruel animal experiments
• Working with members of Congress to enact laws to replace animals in laboratories
• Persuading government agencies to stop conducting and  requiring experiments on animals
• Encouraging  pharmaceutical, chemical , and  consumer product companies to replace tests on animals with more effective, non-animal methods
• Ending the use of animals in experiments at colleges and universities
• Helping  students and  teachers  end animal dissection in the classroom
• Developing and funding humane non-animal research methods
• Publishing scientific papers on reliable non-animal test methods and presenting them at scientific conferences
• Hosting free workshops and online seminars to share information about animal-free toxicity testing methods
• Urging  health charities not to invest in dead-end tests on animals

How Animals Are Exploited in Laboratories

More than 110 million animals suffer and die in the U.S. every year in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests. They also experience this fate in  medical training exercises , curiosity-driven  experiments at universities ,  classroom biology experiments , and  dissection even though modern, non-animal methods have repeatedly been shown to have more educational value, save teachers time, and save schools money. Exact numbers aren’t available, because mice, rats, birds, and cold-blooded animals—who make up more than 99% of animals used in experiments—aren’t covered by even the minimal protections of the federal Animal Welfare Act and therefore go uncounted.

Examples of chemical and toxicity tests on animals include forcing mice and rats to inhale toxic fumes, force-feeding dogs chemicals, and applying corrosive chemicals into rabbits’ sensitive eyes. Even if a product harms animals, it can still be marketed to consumers. Conversely, just because a product was shown to be safe in animals doesn’t guarantee that it will be safe to use in humans.

Much product testing conducted on animals today isn’t required by law. In fact, a number of countries have implemented bans on the testing of certain types of consumer goods on animals, such as the cosmetics testing bans in India, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, and elsewhere.

Meanwhile, at universities and other institutions, experimenters inflict suffering on and kill animals for little more than curiosity’s sake—even though the vast majority of their findings fail to advance human health . They tear baby monkeys away from their mothers , sew kittens’ eyes shut , mutilate owls’ brains , puncture the intestines of mice so that feces leak into their stomachs , and terrorize songbirds with the sounds of predators . At the end of experiments like these—which consume billions in taxpayer funds and charitable donations each year—almost all the animals are killed.

Animal Experiments Throughout History: A Century of Suffering

PETA created an interactive timeline, “ Without Consent ,” featuring almost 200 stories of animal experiments from the past century to open people’s eyes to the long history of suffering inflicted on nonconsenting animals in laboratories and to challenge them to rethink this exploitation. Visit “ Without Consent ” to learn more about harrowing animal experiments throughout history and how you can help create a better future for living, feeling beings.

Advancing Science Without Suffering: Animal-Free Testing

Testing on animals has been a spectacular failure that has resulted in the loss of trillions of dollars and has cost the lives of innumerable humans and other animals. Experiments on one species frequently fail to predict results in another. Even the National Institutes of Health, the world’s largest funder of biomedical research, acknowledges that 95% of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal tests fail in human trials.

Technologically advanced  non-animal research methods —such as those using human cells, computational models, or clinical studies—can be used in place of animal testing. These methods are more humane, have the potential to be faster, and are more relevant to humans.

Scientists in PETA’s Science Advancement & Outreach division , a part of the Laboratory Investigations Department, have developed a roadmap to phase out failing tests on animals with sophisticated, animal-free methods. Their Research Modernization Deal has gained the support of scientists, medical doctors, members of Congress, and thousands of others who care about ethical and effective science.

How You Can Help Animals Used in Experiments

Each of us can help prevent the suffering and deaths of animals in laboratories. Here are a few easy ways to get started:

• Sign up for PETA’s Action Team to be alerted when protests are taking place in your area.
• Urge your members of Congress to support PETA’s Research Modernization Deal .
• Search PETA’s Beauty Without Bunnies database to ensure that you’re buying only cruelty-free products.
• Donate only to charities that don’t experiment on animals .
• Request alternatives to animal dissection at your school.
• Call on your alma mater to stop experimenting on animals.
• Share information about animal experimentation issues with your friends and family—and invite them to join you in speaking up for animals.

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“Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. For whatever reason, you are now asking the question: Why should animals have rights?” READ MORE

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Animal Dissection – Top 3 Pros and Cons

Pro/Con Arguments | Discussion Questions | Take Action | Sources | More Debates

Dissecting a frog might be one of the most memorable school experiences for many students, whether they are enthusiastic participants, prefer lab time to lectures, or are conscientious objectors to dissection.

The use of animal dissection in education goes back as far as the 1500s when Belgian doctor  Andreas Vesalius  used the practice as an instructional method for his medical students. [ 1 ]

Animal dissections became part of American K-12 school curricula in the 1920s. About 75-80% of North American students will dissect an animal by the time they graduate high school. An estimated six to 12 million animals are dissected in American schools each year. In at least 21 states and DC, K-12 students have the legal option to request an alternate assignment to animal dissection. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 27 ]

While  frogs  are the most common animal for K-12 students to dissect, students also encounter fetal  pigs , cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats,  minks , birds, turtles, snakes,  crayfish ,  perch , starfish, and earthworms, as well as grasshoppers and other insects. Sometimes students dissect parts of animals such as sheep lungs, cows’ eyes, and bull testicles. [ 2 ]

Are animal dissections in K-12 schools crucial learning opportunities that encourage science careers and make good use of dead animals? Or are animal dissections unnecessary experiments that promote environmental damage when ethical alternatives exist?

Should K-12 Students Dissect Animals in Science Classrooms?

Pro 1 Dissecting a real animal provides students with more learning opportunities. A 2022 study found 83% of teachers surveyed in Switzerland agreed that “dissection is a valuable part of teaching biology in schools,” while 70% disagreed that “alternatives are just as good as animals or animal parts for teaching biology.” [ 36 ] Dissecting an animal offers education in fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and handling sharp objects carefully. Hands-on learning keeps students more engaged, which facilitates assimilation of information. The American Psychological Association adds that animal dissection “engenders creativity, original thought, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.” [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Using a real animal also helps to instruct students on the ethics of using animals in research. Teachers can explain how the animals were sourced, demonstrate proper treatment of dead animals, and imbue a respect for life among students. [ 4 ] Read More

Pro 2 Dissection can encourage students to pursue careers in science. Vicki Besack, a high school science teacher in Florida, said, “Dissection … is an amazing hands-on experience,” adding that it “has the power to cause a student to change how they think about science and possibly what they may pursue as a career. It gives them that ‘aha’ moment.” [ 7 ] Teachers report that students gain invaluable hands-on science experience from dissection, including putting on lab coats and gloves, handling scalpels, and looking at samples under microscopes. The entire process can spark inspiration and excitement. [ 8 ] Julianna Music, a former high school student, argued in favor of dissection in the classroom by stating, “Biology is the study of life, and dissection is crucial for the understanding of life; it is a hands-on way to learn and paves a pathway for students with dreams of careers in that field…. [I]t lays the foundation for possible discoveries in animal diseases and prepares young people to become future veterinarians.” One of Music’s classmates developed a desire to become an optometrist after dissecting a sheep eye in school. [ 9 ] Read More

Pro 3 Animal dissection is a productive and worthwhile use for dead animals. A large portion of dissected animals were already dead before being allocated for dissection. Having students dissect the animals allows for a learning opportunity instead of just wasting the animal. Bio Corp, a biological supply company, reported that more than 98% of the animals they received were already dead. Bill Wadd, Co-Owner of Bio Corp, stated, “We just take what people would throw away. Instead of throwing it in the trash, why not have students learn from it?” [ 10 ] Most animals used in classroom dissections are purchased from biological supply companies. Some animals, such as cats, are sourced from shelters that have already euthanized the animals. However, cats and dogs account for fewer than 1% of lab animals. Fetal pigs are byproducts of the meat industry that would have otherwise been sent to a landfill. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Read More

Con 1 Methods used to supply animals for dissections are bad for the environment and inhumane. An estimated 99% of animals used in dissections are caught in the wild, a practice that may decrease local populations, lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem, and reduce biodiversity. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Fetal pigs used in schools are sourced from the meat industry and grown in horrific conditions. Animalearn, the educational arm of the American Anti- Vivisection Society, said, “they are deprived of space, fresh air, and fresh forage for the duration of their shortened lives… The fetuses that end up in the dissection tray are taken from pregnant sows at the slaughterhouse.” [ 11 ] Animals sold to schools for dissection may have died by suffocation, electrocution, drowning, or euthanasia. Cats and dogs used for dissection are sourced from shelters that unnecessarily euthanize the animals instead of adopting them out to families. [ 11 ] Read More

Con 2 Medical studies do not require or benefit from animal dissection. Animal dissection is not required by the College Board for AP Biology, the International Baccalaureate for IB Biology, or the Next Generation Science Standards. The inclusion of dissection units actually dissuades some students from taking elective science classes. [ 7 ] [ 15 ] The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine says that “Animal dissection is not required for students to learn about and be engaged in science.” The group found that no medical schools in the US or Canada use animals to train new physicians; revered medical programs at schools such as Stanford, Yale, Harvard, and the Mayo Clinic all use alternatives to animals. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Nedim C. Buyukmihci, Professor of Ophthalmology at the Veterinary Medicine School of the University of California at Davis, stated, “As one who did not dissect in high school, and who now is a veterinarian and trains doctors-to-be, I can unequivocally state that the experience of dissection is totally unnecessary for the biologically minded precollege student.” [ 19 ] Read More

Con 3 Dissecting real animals is unnecessary since alternatives exist. Synthetic frogs made by SynDaver have the same visual and textural qualities as a dead female frog: skeletons with muscles, skin, and organs, including a reproductive system with eggs. The models can be reused year-after-year and don’t need toxic formaldehyde for preservation. Students can use the model multiple times to gain a deeper understanding of the animal’s anatomy. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Technological advances have led to computer programs that can simulate the dissection of frogs, squid, fetal pigs, starfish, and cow eyes. [ 22 ] According to a meta-review by the Humane Society, students learn just as well or better when models and computer simulations are substituted for dead animals. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Models and simulations also eliminate the “gross-out factor” of smelly, slimy real dead frogs, allowing students to focus on the learning activity rather than nausea. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Read More

Discussion Questions

1. Several cultures, including those of many Native American tribes [ 24 ] , consider animal dissection taboo. Consider animal dissection as a cultural matter. Which communities disagree with animal dissection for cultural or religious reasons? What is their reasoning? How can schools accommodate these cultural views while promoting STEM studies and careers to the communities? Explain your answers.

2. ProCon.org has listed three pros and three cons above. What other pros and cons can you list? Brainstorm a list and then choose one pro or con to research and write a sourced and cited paragraph to support.

3. Have you had to (or will you have to) dissect an animal for science class in school? What are your thoughts? Will you perform the dissection or ask for an alternative assignment? Explain your answers.

4. Biological supply companies often use formaldehyde to preserve animals for dissection. According to Ken Roy, writing for the National Science Teaching Association, formaldehyde is “a known nasal and dermal carcinogen” and can cause allergy-related symptoms. Roy cautions, “no specimens that are preserved in formaldehyde should be used in middle school science!” [ 25 ] What safety precautions should be taken if animals preserved in formaldehyde are used in high school or college classrooms? Should animals be preserved in another way? Explain your answers.

Take Action

1. Explore Carolina Biological Supply Company’s reasoning in favor of classroom dissections.

2. Determine whether your state has a student choice law or policy for dissection alternatives.

3. Consider dissection alternatives with the American Anti-Vivisection League .

4. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? If so, how? List two to three ways. If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the “other side of the issue” now helps you better argue your position.

5. Push for the position and policies you support by writing US national senators and representatives .

More Animal Debate Topics

Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? – Proponents say animal testing contributes to life-saving cures and treatments. Opponents say animal testing is cruel and inhumane.

Should People Become Vegetarian? – Proponents of vegetarianism say it is cruel and unethical to kill animals for food. Opponents say humans are natural omnivores.

Should Breed-Specific Legislation (“Pit Bull Bans”) Be Enacted? – Proponents of dog bans say they make communities safer. Opponents say other safety policies are more effective.

ProCon/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 USA

Natalie Leppard Managing Editor [email protected]

© 2023 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved

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How to Write the University of California Essays 2023-2024

The University of California (UC) school system is the most prestigious state university system in the United States and includes nine undergraduate universities: UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, UC Davis, UC Riverside, UC Merced, and UC Irvine.

The University of California system has its own application portal, as well as its own deadline of November 30th—a full month before the Common Application is due. All nine universities use one application, so it is easy to apply to multiple UCs at the same time. 

The application requires you to answer four of eight personal insight questions, with a 350-word limit on each prompt. This may seem daunting at first, but we provide this guide to make the prompts more approachable and to help you effectively tackle them! 

University of California Application Essay Prompts

Note: There is only one application for all the UC schools, so your responses will be sent to every University of California school that you apply to. You should avoid making essays school-specific (unless you are applying to only one school).

You might want to start by deciding which four of the eight prompts you plan on answering. The eight prompts are:

1. Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts over time.

2. every person has a creative side, and it can be expressed in many ways: problem-solving, original and innovative thinking, and artistically, to name a few. describe how you express your creative side., 3. what would you say is your greatest talent or skill how have you developed and demonstrated that talent over time, 4. describe how you have taken advantage of a significant educational opportunity or worked to overcome an educational barrier you have faced., 5. describe the most significant challenge you have faced and the steps you have taken to overcome this challenge. how has this challenge affected your academic achievement, 6. think about an academic subject that inspires you. describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom., 7. what have you done to make your school or your community a better place, 8. beyond what has already been shared in your application, what do you believe makes you stand out as a strong candidate for admissions to the university of california.

As you begin selecting prompts, keep the purpose of college essays at the forefront of your mind. College essays are the place to humanize yourself and transform your test scores, GPA, and extracurriculars into a living, breathing human with values, ambitions, and a backstory. If a specific prompt will allow you to show a part of who you are that is not showcased in the rest of your application, start there. 

If nothing immediately jumps out at you, try dividing the prompts into three categories: “definites,” “possibilities,” and “avoids at all costs.” “Definites” will be prompts that quickly spark up a specific idea in you. “Possibilities” might elicit a few loose concepts, anecdotes, or structures. And “avoids” are prompts where you honestly cannot see yourself writing a convincing essay. Next, take your “definites” and “possibilities” and jot down your initial thoughts about them. Finally, look at all of your ideas together and decide which combination would produce the most well-rounded essay profile that shows who you are as an individual.

Of course, this is just one way to approach choosing prompts if you are stuck. Some students might prefer writing out a list of their values, identifying the most important ones in their life, then figuring out how to showcase those through the prompts. Other students select prompts based on what they are excited by or through freewriting on every prompt first. Do not feel constrained by any one method. Just remember:

• Do not rush into prompts at first glance (though trial writing can be very valuable!).
• Make sure that you consider potential ideas for many prompts before making final decisions, and ultimately write about the one with the most substance.
• The prompts you select should allow you to highlight what is most important to you.

Check out our video to learn more about how to write the UC essays!

The 8 UC Personal Insight Questions

“Leadership Experience” is often a subheading on student resumes, but that is not what admissions officers are asking about here. They are asking for you to tell them a specific story of a time when your leadership truly mattered. This could include discussing the policies you enacted as president of a school club or the social ties you helped establish as captain of a sports team, but this prompt also gives you the freedom to go past that.

Leaders are individuals with strong values, who mentor, inspire, correct, and assist those around them. If you don’t feel like you’ve ever been a leader, consider the following questions:

• Have you ever mentored anyone? Is there anyone younger than you who would not be the person they are today without you?
• Have you ever taken the initiative? When and why did it matter?
• Have you ever been fundamental to positive change in the world—whether it be on the small scale of positively impacting a family member’s life or on the large scale of trying to change the status of specific communities/identities in this world?
• Have you ever stood up for what’s right or what you believe in?

Leadership is a concept that can be stretched, bent, and played with, but at the end of the day, the central theme of your essay must be leadership. Keeping this in mind, after your first draft, it can be helpful to identify the definition of leadership that you are working with, to keep your essay cohesive. This definition doesn’t need to appear within the essay (though, if you take on a more reflective structure, it might). Some examples of this include “being a positive role model as leadership,” “encouraging others to take risks as leadership,” and “embracing my identities as leadership.”

Here are some examples of how a leadership essay might look:

• You’ve always loved learning and challenging yourself, but when you got to high school it was clear that only a certain type of student was recommended to take AP classes and you didn’t fit into that type. You presented a strong case to the school counselors that you were just as prepared for AP classes as anyone else, enrolled in your desired classes, and excelled. Since then, AP classes have become more diversified at your school and there has even been a new inclusion training introduced for your district’s school counselors. 
• When you were working as a camp counselor, the art teacher brought you two of your campers who were refusing to get along. To mediate the conflict, you spent long hours before bed talking to them individually, learning about their personal lives and family situation. By understanding where each camper came from, you were better equipped to help them reach a compromise and became a role model for both campers.
• As a member of your school’s Chinese organization, you were driven by your ethnic heritage to devote your lunch breaks to ensuring the smooth presentation of the Chinese culture show. You coordinated the performers, prepared refreshments, and collected tickets. You got through a great performance, even though a performer didn’t show and some of the food was delivered late. You weren’t on the leadership board or anything, but exhibited serious leadership, as both nights of the culture show sold out and hundreds of both Chinese and non-Chinese people were able to come together and celebrate your culture.

Like the last prompt, this prompt asks about a specific topic—creativity—but gives you wiggle room to expand your definition of that topic. By defining creativity as problem-solving, novel thinking, and artistic expression, this prompt basically says “get creative in how you define creativity!” 

Additionally, this broad conception of creativity lets you choose if you want to write about your personal life or your academic life. A robotics student could write about their love of baking on the weekends or their quick thinking during a technical interview. A dance student could write about their love of adapting choreography from famous ballets or their innovative solution to their dance team’s lack of funds for their showcase. You have space to do what you want!

That said, because this prompt is so open, it is important to establish a focus early on. Try thinking about what is missing from your application. If you are worried that your application makes you seem hyper-academic, use this prompt to show how you have fun. If you are worried that you might be appearing like one of those students who just gets good grades because they have a good memory, use this prompt to show off your problem-solving skills.

Also, keep in mind that you don’t have to describe any skill in creative pursuits as you answer this prompt. The prompt asks you how you express your “creative side,” alluding to creative instinct, not creative talent. You could write about how you use painting to let out your emotions—but your paintings aren’t very good. You could write about dancing in the shower to get excited for your day—but one time you slipped and fell and hurt your elbow. Experiences like these could make for a great reflective essay, where you explore the human drive towards creative expression and your acceptance that you personally don’t have to be creatively inclined to let out creative energy.

Some examples:

• A math student writing about a time they devised a non-textbook method to proving theorems 
• A creative writer describing how they close-read the ups-and-downs of classical music as an attempt to combat writers’ block and think of emotional trajectories for new stories
• An engineering student writing about cooking as a creative release where numbers don’t matter and intuition supersedes reason
• A psychology student writing about the limitations of quantitative data and describing a future approach to psychology that merges humanism and empiricism.

This is the kind of prompt where an answer either pops into your head or it doesn’t. The good news is that you can write a convincing essay either way. We all have great talents and skills—you just might have to dig a bit to identify the name of the talent/skill and figure out how to best describe it.

Some students have more obvious talents and skills than others. For example, if you are intending to be a college athlete, it makes sense to see your skill at your sport as your greatest talent or skill. Similarly, if you are being accepted into a highly-selective fine arts program, painting might feel like your greatest talent. These are completely reasonable to write about because, while obvious, they are also authentic! 

The key to writing a convincing essay about an obvious skill is to use that skill to explore your personality, values, motivations, and ambitions. Start by considering what first drew you to your specialization. Was there a specific person? Something your life was missing that painting, hockey, or film satisfied? Were you brought up playing your sport or doing your craft because your parents wanted you to and you had to learn to love it? Or choose to love it? What was that process like? What do these experiences say about you? Next, consider how your relationship with your talent has evolved. Have you doubted your devotion at times? Have you wondered if you are good enough? Why do you keep going? On the other hand, is your talent your solace? The stable element in your life? Why do you need that?

The key is to elucidate why this activity is worth putting all your time into, and how your personality strengths are exhibited through your relationship to the activity. 

Do not be put off by this prompt if you have not won any big awards or shown immense talent in something specific. All the prompt asks for is what you think is your greatest talent or skill. Some avenues of consideration for other students include:

• Think about aspects of your personality that might be considered a talent or skill. This might include being a peacemaker, being able to make people laugh during hard times, or having organization skills.
• Think about unique skills that you have developed through unique situations. These would be things like being really good at reading out loud because you spend summers with your grandfather who can no longer read, knowing traffic patterns because you volunteer as a crossing guard at the elementary school across the street that starts 45 minutes before the high school, or making really good pierogi because your babysitter as a child was Polish.
• Think about lessons you have learned through life experiences. A military baby might have a great skill for making new friends at new schools, a child of divorce might reflect on their ability to establish boundaries in what they are willing to communicate about with different people, and a student who has had to have multiple jobs in high school might be talented at multitasking and scheduling. 

Make sure to also address how you have developed and demonstrated your selected talent. Do you put in small amounts of practice every day, or strenuous hours for a couple of short periods each year? Did a specific period of your life lead to the development of your talent or are you still developing it daily? 

The purpose of college essays is to show your values and personality to admissions officers, which often includes exploring your past and how it informs your present and future. With a bit of creativity in how you define a “talent or skill,” this prompt can provide a great avenue for that exploration. 

This prompt offers you two potential paths—discussing an educational opportunity or barrier. It is important that you limit yourself to one of these paths of exploration to keep your essay focused and cohesive. 

Starting with the first option, you should think of an educational opportunity as anything that has added value to your educational experience and better prepared you for life and your career. Some examples could include:

• participation in an honors program
• enrollment in an academy geared toward your future profession
• a particularly enlightening conversation with a professional or teacher
• joining a cultural- or interest-based student coalition
• plenty of other opportunities

The phrasing “taken advantage of” implies the admissions committee’s desire for students who take the initiative. Admissions officers are more interested in students who sought out opportunities and who fought to engage with opportunities than students who were handed things. For example, a student who joined a career-advancement afterschool program in middle school could write about why they were initially interested in the program—perhaps they were struggling in a specific subject and didn’t want to fall behind because they had their sights set on getting into National Junior Honor Society, or their friend mentioned that the program facilitated internship opportunities and they thought they wanted to explore therapy as a potential career path.

On the other hand, if an opportunity was handed to you through family connections or a fortuitous introduction, explore what you did with that opportunity. For example, if a family member introduced you to an important producer because they knew you were interested in film, you could write about the notes you took during that meeting and how you have revisited the producer’s advice and used it since the meeting to find cheap equipment rentals and practice your craft.

If you choose to write about educational barriers you have faced, consider the personal characteristics and skills you called upon to overcome the challenge. How did the process of overcoming your educational barrier shape you as a person? What did you learn about yourself or the world? An added plus would be talking about passing it forward and helping those in your purview obtain the knowledge you did from your experiences.

Some examples of educational barriers could include:

• limited access to resources, materials, technology, or classes
• lacking educational role models
• struggles with deciding on a passion or career path
• financial struggles

One example of an interesting essay about educational barriers:

As a student at a school that did not offer any honors classes, you enrolled in online lectures to learn the subject you were passionate about — Human Geography. Afterward, you spoke to your school administrators about high-achieving students needing higher-level courses, and they agreed to talk to the local community college to start a pipeline for students like you.

Either way that you take this prompt, it can be used to position yourself as motivated and driven—exactly the type of student admissions officers are looking for!

This prompt is three-pronged. You must 1) identify a challenge 2) describe the steps you have taken to overcome the challenge and 3) connect the challenge to your academic achievement.

When approaching this prompt, it is best to consider these first and third aspects together so that you identify a challenge that connects to your academic life. If you simply pick any challenge you have experienced, when you get to the third part of the prompt, you may have to stretch your essay in ways that are unconvincing or feel inauthentic.

That said, remember that “academic achievement” reaches far beyond grades and exams. It can include things like:

• Deciding your career goals
• Balancing homework, jobs, and social/familial relationships
• Having enough time to devote to self-care
• Figuring out how you study/learn best
• Feeling comfortable asking for help when you need it

You should begin brainstorming challenges and hardships that you have experienced and overcome. These could include financial hardships, familial circumstances, personal illness, or learning disabilities. Challenges could also be less structural—things like feeling like you are living in a sibling’s shadow, struggles with body image, or insecurity. While it is important that your challenge was significant, it matters much more that you discuss your challenge with thoughtful reflection and maturity.

Some ways to take this prompt include:

• Writing about how overcoming a challenge taught you a skill that led to academic success — for example, a high-achieving student who struggles with anxiety was forced to take time off from school after an anxiety attack and learned the importance of giving oneself a break
• Writing about a challenge that temporarily hindered your academic success and reflecting on it — for example, a student who experienced a death in the family could have had a semester where they almost failed English because reading led to negative thought spirals instead of plot retention
• Writing about how a challenge humbled you and gave you a new perspective on your academics — for example, a student with a part-time job who helps support her family missed a shift because she was studying for a test and realized that she needed to ask her teachers for help and explain her home situation

As you describe the steps you have taken to overcome your selected challenge, you will want to include both tangible and intangible steps. This means that you will need to discuss your emotions, growth, and development, as well as what you learned through overcoming the challenge. Was your challenge easy to overcome or did it take a few tries? Do you feel you have fully overcome your challenge or is it a work in progress? If you have fully overcome the challenge, what do you do differently now? Or do you just see things differently now? If you were to experience the same challenge again, what would you have learned from before?

Here are some detailed examples:

• Your parents underwent a bitter, drawn-out divorce that deeply scarred you and your siblings, especially your little brother who was attending elementary school at the time. He was constantly distraught and melancholy and seemed to be falling further and further behind in his schoolwork. You took care of him, but at the cost of your grades plummeting. However, through this trial, you committed yourself to protecting your family at all costs. You focused on computer science in high school, hoping to major in it and save up enough money for his college tuition by the time he applies. Through this mission, your resolve strengthened and reflected in your more efficient and excellent performance in class later on.
• Your race was the most significant challenge you faced growing up. In school, teachers did not value your opinion nor did they believe in you, as evidenced by their preferential treatment of students of other races. To fight back against this discrimination, you talked to other students of the same race and established an association, pooling together resources and providing a supportive network of people to others in need of counseling regarding this issue.

The first step for approaching this prompt is fun and easy—think about an academic subject that inspires you. This part of the essay is about emotional resonance, so go with your gut and don’t overthink it. What is your favorite subject? What subject do you engage with in the media in your free time? What subject seeps into your conversations with friends and family on the weekends?

Keep in mind that high school subjects are often rather limited. The span of “academic subjects” at the university level is much less limited. Some examples of academic subjects include eighteenth-century literature, political diplomacy, astronomy, Italian film and television, botany, Jewish culture and history, mobile robotics, musical theater, race and class in urban environments, gender and sexuality, and much more.

Once you’ve decided what subject you are most interested in and inspired by, think about a tangible example of how you have furthered your interest in the subject. Some common ways students further their interests include:

• Reading about your interest
• Engaging with media (television, film, social media) about your interest
• Volunteering with organizations related to your interest
• Founding organizations related to your interest
• Reaching out to professionals with your academic interest
• Using your interest in interdisciplinary ways
• Research in your field of interest
• Internships in your field of interest

While you should include these kinds of tangible examples, do not forget to explain how your love for the subject drives the work you do, because, with an essay like this, the why can easily get lost in describing the what . Admissions officers need both.

A few examples:

• You found your US government class fascinatingly complex, so you decided to campaign for a Congressional candidate who was challenging the incumbent in your district. You canvassed in your local community, worked at the campaign headquarters, and gathered voter data whilst performing various administrative duties. Though the work was difficult, you enjoyed a sense of fulfillment that came from being part of history.
• Last year you fell in love with the play Suddenly Last Summer and decided to see what career paths were available for dramatic writing. You reached out to the contact on your local theater’s website, were invited to start attending their guest lecturer series, and introduced yourself to a lecturer one week who ended up helping you score a spot in a Young Dramatic Writers group downtown.
• The regenerative power of cells amazed you, so you decided to take AP Biology to learn more. Eventually, you mustered up the courage to email a cohort of biology professors at your local university. One professor responded, and agreed to let you assist his research for the next few months on the microorganism C. Elegans.
• You continued to develop apps and games even after AP Computer Science concluded for the year. Eventually, you became good enough to land an internship at a local startup due to your self-taught knowledge of various programming languages.

With regards to structure, you might try thinking about this essay in a past/present/future manner where you consider your past engagement with your interest and how it will affect your future at a UC school or as an adult in society. This essay could also become an anecdotal/narrative essay that centers around the story of you discovering your academic interest, or a reflective essay that dives deep into the details of why you are drawn to your particular academic subject.

Whatever way you take it, try to make your essay unique—either through your subject matter, your structure, or your writing style!

College essay prompts often engage with the word “community.” As an essay writer, it is important to recognize that your community can be as large, small, formal, or informal as you want it to be. Your school is obviously a community you belong to, but your local grocery store, the nearby pet adoption center you volunteer at, your apartment building, or an internet group can also be communities. Even larger social groups that you are a part of, like your country or your ethnicity, can be a community. 

The important part of your response here is not the community you identify with but rather the way you describe your role in that community. What do you bring to your community that is special? What would be missing without you?

Some responses could include describing how you serve as a role model in your community, how you advocate for change in your community, how you are a support system for other community members, or how you correct the community when it is veering away from its values and principles.

Here are some fleshed-out examples of how this essay could take shape, using the earlier referenced communities:

• A student writes about the local grocery store in his neighborhood. Each Sunday, he picks up his family’s groceries and then goes to the pharmacy in the back to get his grandmother’s medication. The pharmacist was a close friend of his grandmother’s when she was young, so the student routinely gives the pharmacist a detailed update about his grandmother’s life. The student recognizes the value in his serving as a link to connect these two individuals who, due to aging, cannot be together physically.
• An animal-loving student volunteers one Saturday each month at the pet adoption center in their city’s downtown district. They have always been an extremely compassionate person and view the young kittens as a community that deserves to be cared for. This caring instinct also contributes to their interactions with their peers and their desire to make large-scale positive social change in the world.

Your response to this prompt will be convincing if you discuss your underlying motives for the service you have done, and in turn, demonstrate the positive influence you have made. That said, do not be afraid to talk about your actions even if they did not produce a sweeping change; as long as the effort was genuine, change is change, no matter the scale. This essay is more about values and reflection than it is about the effects of your efforts.

Lastly, if you are discussing a specific service you did for your community, you might want to touch on what you learned through your service action or initiative, and how you will continue to learn in the future. Here are a few examples:

• Passionate about classical music, you created a club that taught classical and instrumental music at local elementary schools. You knew that the kids did not have access to such resources, so you wanted to broaden their exposure as a high school senior had done for you when you were in middle school. You encouraged these elementary schoolers to fiddle with the instruments and lobbied for a music program to be implemented at the school. Whether the proposal gets approved or not, the kids have now known something they might never have known otherwise.
• Working at your local library was mundane at times, but in the long run, you realized that you were facilitating the exchange of knowledge and protecting the intellectual property of eminent scholars. Over time, you found ways to liven up the spirit of the library by leading arts and crafts time and booking puppet shows for little kids whose parents were still at work. The deep relationships you forged with the kids eventually blossomed into a bond of mentorship and mutual respect.

Be authentic and humble in your response to this essay! Make sure it feels like you made your community a better place because community is a value of yours, not just so that you could write about it in a college essay.

This is the most open-ended any question can get. You have the freedom to write about anything you want! That said, make sure that, no matter what you do with this prompt, your focus can be summarized into two sentences that describe the uniqueness of your candidacy.

The process we recommend for responding to open-ended prompts with clarity involves the following steps:

1. On a blank piece of paper, jot down any and every idea — feelings, phrases, and keywords — that pop into your head after reading this prompt. Why are you unique?

2. Narrow your ideas down to one topic. The two examples we will use are a student writing about how her habit of pausing at least five seconds before she responds to someone else’s opinion is emblematic of her thoughtfulness and a student whose interest in researching the history of colonialism in the Caribbean is emblematic of their commitment to justice.

3. Outline the structure of your essay, and plan out content for an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

4. Before you start writing your essay, write one or two sentences that summarize how you would like the admissions officers to perceive you based on this essay. These sentences will not be in your final product, but will help you to maintain a focus. For our examples, this would be something like “Natalie’s habit of gathering her thoughts before responding to other people’s opinions allows her to avoid undesired complications and miscommunications in her social interactions. This has not only helped her maintain strong relationships with all the staff members of the clubs she leads, but will also help her navigate the social environments that she will face in the professional world.” A summary for the student writing about their interest in the history of colonialism could be “Jonathan has always been highly compassionate and sympathetic by nature. When they found out about the historical injustices of colonialism in the Caribbean through the book The Black Jacobins , they realized that compassion is what is missing from politics. Now, they are inspired to pursue a political science degree to ultimately have a political career guided by compassion.”

5. Finally, write an essay dedicated to constructing the image you devised in step 4. This can be achieved through a number of different structures! For example, Natalie could use an anecdote of a time when she spoke too soon and caused someone else pain, then could reflect on how she learned the lesson to take at least five seconds before responding and how that decision has affected her life. Jonathan could create an image of the future where they are enacting local policies based on compassion. It is important to keep in mind that you do not want to be repetitive, but you must stay on topic so that admissions officers do not get distracted and forget the image that you are attempting to convey.

As exemplified by the examples we provided, a good way to approach this prompt is to think of a quality, value, or personality trait of yours that is fundamental to who you are and appealing to admissions officers, then connect it to a specific activity, habit, pet peeve, anecdote, or another tangible example that you can use to ground your essay in reality. Use the tangible to describe the abstract, and convince admissions officers that you would be a valuable asset to their UC school!

Where to Get Your UC Essays Edited

With hundreds of thousands of applicants each year, many receiving top scores and grades, getting into top UC schools is no small feat. This is why excelling in the personal-insight questions is key to presenting yourself as a worthwhile candidate. Answering these prompts can be difficult, but ultimately very rewarding, and CollegeVine is committed to helping you along that journey. Check out these UC essay examples for more writing inspiration.

If you want to get your essays edited, we also have free peer essay review , where you can get feedback from another student. You can also improve your own writing skills by editing other students’ essays.

You can also receive expert essay review by advisors who have helped students get into their dream schools. You can book a review with an expert to receive notes on your topic, grammar, and essay structure to make your essay stand out to admissions officers. Haven’t started writing your essay yet? Advisors on CollegeVine also offer  expert college counseling packages . You can purchase a package to get one-on-one guidance on any aspect of the college application process, including brainstorming and writing essays.

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Popular categories

When it comes to topics for college papers, one can rest assured that essays writing topics are aplenty. It seems like professors, instructors, and teachers are universities, colleges, and schools are nothing but resourceful machines capable of providing an endless list of essay titles. Hence, below, you will find a list of the most popular topics for an essay you can use to impress your professor.

Recently updated subjects

There’s always room for improvement, right? Topics for essays are not an exception out of the general rule. Just like writing staple tasks, as a student, you will also have to write follow-up and supportive texts. Topics for essay are various, and they follow a peculiar hierarchy of importance. Here are some of the essays topics that have been added to our list recently.

Most popular free essays

Writing essay topics might be easy. Well, at least, it is not that hard as writing essays themselves. We thought it might be a great idea to provide you with essay writing ideas and essay examples. Following an example, you can learn how to write a good one by yourself, just like when reading an essay written by a professional. Below, you will find a set of free examples of the essays written on the most popular topics for essay writing.

Popular types of essays

Today’s students surely have a lot of work to do when it comes to writing papers and finding easy essay topics. What is more, good topics for essays are hard to find because there are too many types of tasks that students have to deal with these days. Hence, today, we will talk about the most popular essay topics and types of essays, so you could grasp the idea of how to write a good paper and what to do when you find the task is impossible.

Application essays

Types of essays

While essay topics to write about come in abundance, there are also various types of essays to deal with. While traveling the distance of turning from a freshman into a senior, you will surely encounter each and every one of the types of assignments provided below. So, let’s talk about them in a more detailed way. Also you need to remember If you already use our free essay samples for inspiration and find that you’re struggling to write your own essay, don’t worry; there’s a solution. StudyMoose’s fast essay writing service is a reliable alternative that can help you complete your assignments on time without compromising on quality. With a team of professional writers who are experts in various academic fields, StudyMoose takes the stress out of essay writing. They produce original, well-researched, and high-quality papers tailored to your specific needs. So, instead of feeling overwhelmed and concerned about the quality of your future essay, you can confidently turn to StudyMoose and focus on more important aspects of your academic journey.

Cause & Effect Essays

As you might have already guessed from the very title, this type of essay is all about discussing the causes and effects of a particular concept or an event. Yet, there is one rule of thumb to keep in mind when ticking off boxes on this essay list of requirements. Make sure to demonstrate the effect of the event and your understanding of why namely those events entailed the aforementioned result.

Persuasive Essays

Choosing a topic for essay when writing a persuasive one should be easy. Just think of a thing that you want to persuade somebody of and go into the endless world of writing. Nonetheless, when writing a persuasive piece, remember to infuse it with:

• Ethos. Credibility & Ethics.
• Logos. Logic & Reason.
• Pathos. Emotions & Feelings.

These three points are a must-have in a persuasive text, as only the combination of heart, soul, and mind can bring success in convincing somebody of something.

Argumentative Essays

Many folks might claim that argumentative essays are the same as persuasive ones; yet, there is a slight bit of difference between them. While persuasive essays are written to persuade the audience regarding one particular point, the argumentative ones are there to actually prove that some already researched data is true.

Research Papers Essays

There is nothing hard to understand what a research paper is all about. Regardless of how obvious it might sound, you have to research something and make sure that it is delivered and construed to your readers in a succinct and understandable manner. The table below will help you understand the structure to follow.

• Introduction
• Body Part 1 / Problem
• Body Part 2 / Methodology
• Body Part 3 / Literature Review
• Body Part 4 / Discussion
• List of References

Editorial Essays

Writing editorials is a task for accomplished writers. Yet, if you’re a student, you have to be an accomplished writer and write editorials for your school, college, etc. So, what is an editorial essay? The answer is simple:

• Often published on the front pages of newspapers, magazines, etc.
• Might be unsigned, as it presents a common position of a group of people regarding one issue.
• Infused with opinionated statements.

Introductory Essays

Sometimes, you have to write one text in order to be able to write the next one. Just imagine one essay serving as an introductory part of the next one. Here’s how it looks like:

Introduction Essay (Introduction, Body, Conclusion) -> Analythis, Synthesis, Summary -> Introduction of a New Paper.

Narrative Essays

Essay topics to write about are aplenty when it comes to writing a narrative – you just take a story and start narrating it. The only thing to remember here is that you have to follow a logical turn of events. That is, don’t start telling it from the tail, and don’t mix up everything in the middle.

Graduation Essays

This is one of the most memorable essays that you will ever write in your life. Without a shred of doubt, a graduation paper is all about analyzing an important part of your life, as a graduation essay sums up the fruits you gathered while studying. A graduation essay is also a personal statement you can use when applying for a college. Here are five rules to keep in mind for writing a successful graduation piece:

• Define your admission offers’ preferences.
• Keep it strictly personal.
• Focus on the story of your life and not the history of your college.
• Talk about the program you’ve chosen and the points of connection with it.
• Crown it with a strong statement explaining your choice of the school.

Challenge Essays

We’ve all been through some challenges in our lives. Hence, we all have our own special essay topic to dwell upon. Challenge analysis assignments are all about self-analysis that leads to the understanding of oneself.

Literary Analysis Essays

We all study literature. Even if the scope of our research is quite diversified, there are surely some good essay topics to write about when it comes to crafting up a literary analysis essay. The only thing you have to remember when writing a literary analysis is to stick to the topic. Don’t stray away from the particular aspect of the literary work that you have to analyze.

Value Essays

There is nothing easier than writing a value essay. Just write an introduction, and then take it one value a paragraph. Explain your values, summarize them, and here you go – a solid values essay is ready.

Definition Essays

A definition essay is yet another type of a written work when the title speaks for itself. You have to define a term when writing it. Here is a roadmap for you to follow when writing a definition essay.

Choose a term to define and introduce it. – > Use more than one source of information. Stay critical and boost your credibility by citing sources. – > Remember to present the term in the introduction. – > Use your body paragraphs to unfold your idea for an essay. Represent the term from different perspectives. -> Do not forget about including proper examples to simplify the reader’s understanding of the essay topic.

Confirmation Essays

Sometimes, we all want to hear the great news. Confirmation essays or letters are mostly written to let people know that they have been admitted to a college, university, hired for a job, etc. So, when writing a confirmation:

• Start with a greeting.
• Justify the choice of this candidate.
• Explain the steps to follow up in the process of being enrolled/hired.
• Provide the deadlines for dealing with each of the steps.
• Congratulate once again.

Experience Essays

Just like challenge essays, you have to share a story when writing an experience essay. Choose one, narrate it, and explain that impact it had on your life. Simple as that.

Story – Narration – Analysis – A+

Proposal Essays

Proposal essays are simple. They follow the general introduction-body-conclusion scheme, yet they are applied in particular situations.

• When preparing for writing a large research paper;
• When getting ready for a group project;
• When preparing for writing a coursework.

All in all, a proposal essay always precedes a huge chunk of writing work that is waiting for you ahead.

Descriptive Essays

A descriptive essay is just like a narrative one, but here, you have to pay more attention to visual details. Make the readers see every detail of the concept, event, or anything else that you are trying to describe.

Describing a Place Essays

This type of essay falls under the same rules as a descriptive essay, yet, here, you have to describe a place in the most beautiful, yet the most understandable of ways possible. Topics for essays describing places are endless, it seems.

The scope of essay writing topics get significantly narrowed down when writing a SHARP essay, as this is a two-pager about Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention. While this is a program that was introduced to deal with such issues within the US Army ranks, it looks like those issues are way far-more-reaching. So, a successful SHARP paper identifies an issue and provides ideas on how leaders must address it.

Let’s Sum Up

As you can see, topics to write about for an essay are quite plentiful. When a professor gives you the freedom of choice, there is always something you can choose from. Yet, choosing an essay writing topic is easier than writing an essay, especially when you have never heard of the type of the work assigned.

Never be afraid of learning from examples and, what is more, never be afraid to ask a professional for help. You might have an idea for essay, but you might need somebody to help you implement it. That’s just the way this world works; there’s always something new to learn and master.

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