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Research articles

Opponent control of reinforcement by striatal dopamine and serotonin.

• Daniel F. Cardozo Pinto
• Matthew B. Pomrenze
• Robert C. Malenka

Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple radical sorting

• Zhongqiu Xing
• Xiaoqiang Huang

A cell atlas foundation model for scalable search of similar human cells

• Graham Heimberg

Photocatalytic C–F bond activation in small molecules and polyfluoroalkyl substances

• Arindam Sau
• Garret M. Miyake

Concerns regarding proposed groundwater Earth system boundary

• M. O. Cuthbert
• R. G. Taylor

Coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using frustrated ion pairs

A transition-metal-free platform enables the formation of challenging C( sp 3 )–C( sp 3 ) bonds in organic compounds via single-electron transfer, facilitating the coupling of functionalized fragments and expanding possibilities for efficient organic synthesis and reaction design.

• Sven Roediger
• Emilien Le Saux
• Bill Morandi

Photocatalytic low-temperature defluorination of PFASs

Photocatalysis at 40–60 °C is shown to be able to defluorinate perfluoroalkyl substances, known as ‘forever chemicals’, allowing the recycling of fluorine in polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances as inorganic fluoride salt.

• Jin-Xiang Chen
• Yan-Biao Kang

Reply to: Concerns regarding proposed groundwater Earth system boundary

• B. Stewart-Koster

Broadly inhibitory antibodies to severe malaria virulence proteins

Two broadly reactive and inhibitory human monoclonal antibodies against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have been characterized, providing insights into immunity, prevention and treatment of severe malaria.

• Raphael A. Reyes
• Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan
• Thomas Lavstsen

A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis

A quantitative morphological framework for the human thymus reveals the establishment of the lobular cytokine network, canonical thymocyte trajectories and thymic epithelial cell distributions in fetal and paediatric thymic development.

• Nadav Yayon
• Veronika R. Kedlian
• Sarah A. Teichmann

Efficient green InP-based QD-LED by controlling electron injection and leakage

Replacing ZnSeS with a thickened ZnSe layer in green InP-based QD-LEDs improves the efficiency and lifetime, boosting electron injection and reducing leakage, enabling 26.68% external quantum efficiency and 1,241 h T 95 lifetime.

• Yangyang Bian
• Xiaohan Yan
• Huaibin Shen

Exaptation of ancestral cell-identity networks enables C 4 photosynthesis

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and chromatin-accessibility analyses in rice (a C 3 plant) and sorghum (a C 4 plant) provide insight into how C 4 photosynthesis evolved in bundle-sheath cells, revealing that the acquisition of ancestral cis -elements was key.

• Joseph Swift
• Leonie H. Luginbuehl
• Julian M. Hibberd

Fibular reduction and the evolution of theropod locomotion

Using three-dimensional kinematic analyses, fibular reduction is shown to have a functional evolutionary adaptative role in birds to enable knee long-axis rotation.

• Armita R. Manafzadeh
• Stephen M. Gatesy
• Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar

Normal breast tissues harbour rare populations of aneuploid epithelial cells

Using single-cell DNA sequencing we show that most healthy women harbour rare populations of aneuploid epithelial cells with copy number alteration events in their breast tissue that expand and accumulate with age.

• Nicholas Navin

Early-twentieth-century cold bias in ocean surface temperature observations

Independent statistical reconstructions of the global mean surface temperature from either ocean or land data show that existing estimates of early-twentieth-century ocean surface temperatures are too cold.

• Sebastian Sippel
• Elizabeth C. Kent
• Reto Knutti

Spatially restricted immune and microbiota-driven adaptation of the gut

Intestinal regionalization is characterized by robust and resilient structural cell states and the intestine can adapt to environmental stress in a spatially controlled manner through crosstalk between immunity and structural cell homeostasis.

• Toufic Mayassi
• Ramnik J. Xavier

Trion sensing of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid

Using the unique valley properties of a twisted MoTe 2 bilayer, measurements of the degree of circular polarization of trion photoluminescence reveal optical signatures of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid.

• Eric Anderson
• Xiaodong Xu

Liver X receptor unlinks intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis

Liver X receptor drives epithelial Areg -mediated intestinal regeneration, while preventing tumour growth through adaptive immune responses.

• Srustidhar Das
• S. Martina Parigi
• Eduardo J. Villablanca

Learning high-accuracy error decoding for quantum processors

A recurrent, transformer-based neural network, called AlphaQubit, learns high-accuracy error decoding to suppress the errors that occur in quantum systems, opening the prospect of using neural-network decoders for real quantum hardware.

• Johannes Bausch
• Andrew W. Senior
• Pushmeet Kohli

Single-molecule states link transcription factor binding to gene expression

A study uses single-molecule footprinting to measure protein occupancy at regulatory elements on individual molecules in human cells and describes how different properties of transcription factor binding contribute to gene expression.

• Benjamin R. Doughty
• Michaela M. Hinks
• William J. Greenleaf

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